LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
History_of_India (History)

In 1905, Lord Curzon split the large province of Bengal into a largely Hindu western half and "Eastern Bengal and Assam", a largely Muslim eastern half. The British goal was said to be for efficient administration but the people of Bengal were outraged at the apparent "divide and rule" strategy. It also marked the beginning of the organized anti-colonial movement. When the Liberal party in Britain came to power in 1906, he was removed. Bengal was reunified in 1911. The new Viceroy Gilbert Minto and the new Secretary of State for India John Morley consulted with Congress leaders on political reforms. The Morley-Minto reforms of 1909 provided for Indian membership of the provincial executive councils as well as the Viceroy's executive council. The Imperial Legislative Council was enlarged from 25 to 60 members and separate communal representation for Muslims was established in a dramatic step towards representative and responsible government. Several socio-religious organizations came into being at that time. Muslims set up the All India Muslim League in 1906. It was not a mass party but was designed to protect the interests of the aristocratic Muslims. It was internally divided by conflicting loyalties to Islam, the British, and India, and by distrust of Hindus. The Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha and Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) sought to represent Hindu interests though the later always claimed it to be a "cultural" organization. Sikhs founded the Shiromani Akali Dal in 1920. However, the largest and oldest political party Indian National Congress, founded in 1885, is perceived to have attempted to keep a distance from the socio-religious movements and identity politics.

Q1: What administer divided the province of Bengal in half?
A1: Lord Curzon
Q2: What was the majority of the population of the western half of Bengal?
A2: Hindu
Q3: What was the religion of the western half of Bengal?
A3: Muslim
Q4: What movement did the division of Bengal start?
A4: anti-colonial
Q5: What was the biggest and oldest political party in India?
A5: Indian National Congress
Alloy (Mathematics)

In 1906, precipitation hardening alloys were discovered by Alfred Wilm. Precipitation hardening alloys, such as certain alloys of aluminium, titanium, and copper, are heat-treatable alloys that soften when quenched (cooled quickly), and then harden over time. After quenching a ternary alloy of aluminium, copper, and magnesium, Wilm discovered that the alloy increased in hardness when left to age at room temperature. Although an explanation for the phenomenon was not provided until 1919, duralumin was one of the first "age hardening" alloys to be used, and was soon followed by many others. Because they often exhibit a combination of high strength and low weight, these alloys became widely used in many forms of industry, including the construction of modern aircraft.

Q1: Who discovered precipitation hardening alloys?
A1: Alfred Wilm
Q2: When were precipitation hardening alloys discovered?
A2: 1906
Q3: What happens to precipitation hardening alloys after they quenched?
A3: harden over time
Q4: One of the first "age hardening" alloys used were called?
A4: duralumin
Q5: What was used in the construction of modern aircraft?
A5: duralumin
Chicago_Cubs (Sports and recreation)

In 1906, the franchise recorded a Major League record 116 wins (tied by the 2001 Seattle Mariners) and posted a modern-era record winning percentage of .763, which still stands today. They appeared in their first World Series the same year, falling to their crosstown rivals, the Chicago White Sox, four games to two. The Cubs won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first Major League team to play in three consecutive Fall Classics, and the first to win it twice. The team has appeared in seven World Series following their 1908 title, most recently in 1945. The Cubs have not won the World Series in 107 years, the longest championship drought of any major North American professional sports team, and are often referred to as the "Lovable Losers" because of this distinction. They are also known as "The North Siders" because Wrigley Field, their home park since 1916, is located in Chicago's North Side Lake View community at 1060 West Addison Street. The Cubs have a major rivalry with the St. Louis Cardinals.

Q1: What year did the cubs record a Major League record of 116 wins?
A1: 1906
Q2: What is the winning percentage the Cubs posted that still stands today?
A2: .763
Q3: Who was the first team to play in three consecutive Fall Classics?
A3: The Cubs
Q4: How many world series have the Cubs appeared in?
A4: seven
Incandescent_light_bulb (Engineering and technology)

In 1906, the tungsten filament was introduced. Tungsten metal was initially not available in a form that allowed it to be drawn into fine wires. Filaments made from sintered tungsten powder were quite fragile. By 1910, a process was developed by William D. Coolidge at General Electric for production of a ductile form of tungsten. The process required pressing tungsten powder into bars, then several steps of sintering, swaging, and then wire drawing. It was found that very pure tungsten formed filaments that sagged in use, and that a very small "doping" treatment with potassium, silicon, and aluminium oxides at the level of a few hundred parts per million greatly improved the life and durability of the tungsten filaments.

Q1: When was the tungsten filament introduced?
A1: 1906
Q2: What was the problem with manufacturing the tungsten filament?
A2: Tungsten metal was initially not available in a form that allowed it to be drawn into fine wires.
Q3: Who developed the ductile form of tungsten?
A3: William D. Coolidge
Q4: When was the ductile form of tungsten invented?
A4: 1910
Q5: What other materials were combined with tungsten?
A5: potassium, silicon, and aluminium oxides
Imperial_College_London (History)

In 1907, the newly established Board of Education found that greater capacity for higher technical education was needed and a proposal to merge the City and Guilds College, the Royal School of Mines and the Royal College of Science was approved and passed, creating The Imperial College of Science and Technology as a constituent college of the University of London. Imperial's Royal Charter, granted by Edward VII, was officially signed on 8 July 1907. The main campus of Imperial College was constructed beside the buildings of the Imperial Institute in South Kensington.

Q1: Who proposed a merger of many colleges in 1907?
A1: Board of Education
Q2: What was the reasoning behind the proposal to merge many colleges?
A2: greater capacity for higher technical education was needed
Q3: When the merger was passed, what constituent college was created?
A3: The Imperial College of Science and Technology
Q4: Who did the constituent college belong to?
A4: University of London
Q5: Which document, granted by Edward VII, was officially signed on the 8th of July 1907?
A5: Imperial's Royal Charter
Yale_University (History)

In 1909–10, football faced a crisis resulting from the failure of the previous reforms of 1905–06 to solve the problem of serious injuries. There was a mood of alarm and mistrust, and, while the crisis was developing, the presidents of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton developed a project to reform the sport and forestall possible radical changes forced by government upon the sport. President Arthur Hadley of Yale, A. Lawrence Lowell of Harvard, and Woodrow Wilson of Princeton worked to develop moderate changes to reduce injuries. Their attempts, however, were reduced by rebellion against the rules committee and formation of the Intercollegiate Athletic Association. The big three had tried to operate independently of the majority, but changes did reduce injuries.

Q1: Who attempted to enact measures of football reform?
A1: the presidents of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton
Q2: What did the rebellion to the new football measures start?
A2: Intercollegiate Athletic Association
Q3: Who was president of Yale during the rebellion?
A3: Arthur Hadley
Q4: Who represented Harvard during the rule changing debates?
A4: A. Lawrence Lowell
Q5: Who represented Princeton during the rule changing discussions?
A5: Woodrow Wilson
Child_labour (Social sciences and society)

In 1910, over 2 million children in the same age group were employed in the United States. This included children who rolled cigarettes, engaged in factory work, worked as bobbin doffers in textile mills, worked in coal mines and were employed in canneries. Lewis Hine's photographs of child labourers in the 1910s powerfully evoked the plight of working children in the American south. Hines took these photographs between 1908 and 1917 as the staff photographer for the National Child Labor Committee.

Q1: Where was photographer Lewis Hine employed?
A1: National Child Labor Committee
Q2: What year were over 2 million children employed in the US?
A2: 1910
Q3: What did children roll in a factory?
A3: cigarettes
Q4: What did child do in textile mills in the US?
A4: bobbin doffers
Pharmaceutical_industry (Natural sciences)

In 1911 arsphenamine, the first synthetic anti-infective drug, was developed by Paul Ehrlich and chemist Alfred Bertheim of the Institute of Experimental Therapy in Berlin. The drug was given the commercial name Salvarsan. Ehrlich, noting both the general toxicity of arsenic and the selective absorption of certain dyes by bacteria, hypothesized that an arsenic-containing dye with similar selective absorption properties could be used to treat bacterial infections. Arsphenamine was prepared as part of a campaign to synthesize a series of such compounds, and found to exhibit partially selective toxicity. Arsphenamine proved to be the first effective treatment for syphilis, a disease which prior to that time was incurable and led inexorably to severe skin ulceration, neurological damage, and death.[citation needed]

Q1: Who developed Arsphenamine?
A1: Paul Ehrlich and chemist Alfred Bertheim
Q2: What was the first effective treatment for Syphilis?
A2: Arsphenamine
Q3: What complications are associated with Syphilis?
A3: severe skin ulceration, neurological damage, and death
Q4: What is Amphetamine's market name?
A4: Institute of Experimental Therapy
Q5: Where is the Institute of Experimental Therapy located?
A5: Berlin
Q6: What was the name of the first synthetic bacterial drug?
A6: arsphenamine
Q7: Bacterial infections could be treated with medicines containing what kind of dye?
A7: arsenic
Q8: Arsphenamine became the first treatment for what previously incurable disease?
A8: syphilis
Q9: In what year was arsphenamine discovered?
A9: 1911
Q10: What was the commercial name of arsphenamine?
A10: Salvarsan
Modern_history (Philosophy and religion)

In 1912, the Republic of China was established and Sun Yat-sen was inaugurated in Nanjing as the first Provisional President. But power in Beijing already had passed to Yuan Shikai, who had effective control of the Beiyang Army, the most powerful military force in China at the time. To prevent civil war and possible foreign intervention from undermining the infant republic, leaders agreed to Army's demand that China be united under a Beijing government. On March 10, in Beijing, Shikai was sworn in as the second Provisional President of the Republic of China.

Q1: When was the Republic of China established?
A1: 1912
Q2: Who was Inaugurated in Nanjing as the first provisional president? 
A2: Sun Yat-sen
Q3: Who had control of the Beiyang army?
A3: Yuan Shikai
Q4: What did China agree to avoid the undermining of the Republic?
A4: agreed to Army's demand that China be united under a Beijing government.
Q5: Who was sworn in as the second provisional president of the republic of China?
A5: Beijing, Shikai
Mosaic (Art and architecture)

In 1913 the Zliten mosaic, a Roman mosaic famous for its many scenes from gladiatorial contests, hunting and everyday life, was discovered in the Libyan town of Zliten. In 2000 archaeologists working in Leptis Magna, Libya, uncovered a 30 ft length of five colorful mosaics created during the 1st or 2nd century AD. The mosaics show a warrior in combat with a deer, four young men wrestling a wild bull to the ground, and a gladiator resting in a state of fatigue, staring at his slain opponent. The mosaics decorated the walls of a cold plunge pool in a bath house within a Roman villa. The gladiator mosaic is noted by scholars as one of the finest examples of mosaic art ever seen — a "masterpiece comparable in quality with the Alexander Mosaic in Pompeii."

Q1: What scenes are depicted on the Zliten mosaic?
A1: gladiatorial contests
Q2: When was the Zliten mosaic discovered?
A2: 1913
Q3: The mosaics uncovered in Libya were from which century?
A3: 1st or 2nd century AD
Q4: How long was the mural discovered in Libya?
A4: 30 ft
Q5: The gladiator mosaic is on par with the Alexander mosaic in which city?
A5: Pompeii
Nutrition (Agriculture, food, and drink)

In 1913, Elmer McCollum discovered the first vitamins, fat-soluble vitamin A, and water-soluble vitamin B (in 1915; now known to be a complex of several water-soluble vitamins) and named vitamin C as the then-unknown substance preventing scurvy. Lafayette Mendel and Thomas Osborne also performed pioneering work on vitamins A and B. In 1919, Sir Edward Mellanby incorrectly identified rickets as a vitamin A deficiency because he could cure it in dogs with cod liver oil. In 1922, McCollum destroyed the vitamin A in cod liver oil, but found that it still cured rickets. Also in 1922, H.M. Evans and L.S. Bishop discover vitamin E as essential for rat pregnancy, originally calling it "food factor X" until 1925.

Q1: What was notable about the discovered vitamin A?
A1: fat-soluble
Q2: Which property was vitamin B found to have?
A2: water-soluble
Q3: Which disease was vitamin C claimed to help prevent?
A3: scurvy
Q4: What was cod liver oil able to help cure in dogs?
A4: rickets
Q5: What was referred to as "food factor X"?
A5: vitamin E
John_von_Neumann (Mathematics)

In 1913, his father was elevated to the nobility for his service to the Austro-Hungarian Empire by Emperor Franz Joseph. The Neumann family thus acquired the hereditary appellation Margittai, meaning of Marghita. The family had no connection with the town; the appellation was chosen in reference to Margaret, as was those chosen coat of arms depicting three marguerites. Neumann János became Margittai Neumann János (John Neumann of Marghita), which he later changed to the German Johann von Neumann.

Q1: In what year was Von Neumann's father elevated to nobility?
A1: 1913
Q2: What Emperor elevated Von Neumann's father to nobility?
A2: Emperor Franz Joseph
Q3: What town did Von Neumann's family become associated when elevated to nobility?
A3: Marghita
Q4: What was Von Neumann's given name as member of Austro-Hungarian nobility?
A4: Margittai Neumann János
Asphalt (Natural sciences)

In 1914, Claridge's Company entered into a joint venture to produce tar-bound macadam, with materials manufactured through a subsidiary company called Clarmac Roads Ltd. Two products resulted, namely Clarmac, and Clarphalte, with the former being manufactured by Clarmac Roads and the latter by Claridge's Patent Asphalte Co., although Clarmac was more widely used.[note 1] However, the First World War impacted financially on the Clarmac Company, which entered into liquidation in 1915. The failure of Clarmac Roads Ltd had a flow-on effect to Claridge's Company, which was itself compulsorily wound up, ceasing operations in 1917, having invested a substantial amount of funds into the new venture, both at the outset, and in a subsequent attempt to save the Clarmac Company.

Q1: Which of Claridge's two tar macadams was the more successful?
A1: Clarmac
Q2: When did Claridge's company liquidate?
A2: 1915
Q3: What world event caused the end of Claridge's company?
A3: First World War
Q4: What was the subsidiary company that lead Claridge into ruin?
A4: Clarmac Roads Ltd
Q5: What kind of money did Claridge  invest in attempting  to save his companies?
A5: substantial amount
Marshall_Islands (Geography and places)

In 1914, Japan joined the Entente during World War I and captured various German Empire colonies, including several in Micronesia. On September 29, 1914, Japanese troops occupied the Enewetak Atoll, and on September 30, 1914, the Jaluit Atoll, the administrative centre of the Marshall Islands. After the war, on June 28, 1919, Germany signed (under protest) the Treaty of Versailles. It renounced all of its Pacific possessions, including the Marshall Islands. On December 17, 1920, the Council of the League of Nations approved the South Pacific Mandate for Japan to take over all former German colonies in the Pacific Ocean located north of the Equator. The Administrative Centre of the Marshall Islands archipelago remained Jaluit.

Q1: On what date did the Japanese land on Enewetak?
A1: September 29, 1914
Q2: What military alliance did the Japanese join in the First World War?
A2: the Entente
Q3: What did the Japanese occupy on September 30, 1914?
A3: the Jaluit Atoll
Q4: On what date was the Treaty of Versailles signed?
A4: June 28, 1919
Q5: When was the South Pacific Mandate for Japan approved?
A5: December 17, 1920
Chicago_Cubs (Sports and recreation)

In 1914, advertising executive Albert Lasker obtained a large block of the club's shares and before the 1916 season assumed majority ownership of the franchise. Lasker brought in a wealthy partner, Charles Weeghman, the proprietor of a popular chain of lunch counters who had previously owned the Chicago Whales of the short-lived Federal League. As principal owners, the pair moved the club from the West Side Grounds to the much newer Weeghman Park, which had been constructed for the Whales only two years earlier, where they remain to this day. The Cubs responded by winning a pennant in the war-shortened season of 1918, where they played a part in another team's curse: the Boston Red Sox defeated Grover Cleveland Alexander's Cubs four games to two in the 1918 World Series, Boston's last Series championship until 2004.

Q1: Who obtained a large block of the Cub's shares in 1914?
A1: Albert Lasker
Q2: Who assumed majority ownership of the Cubs franchise by the 1916 season?
A2: Albert Lasker
Q3: Who did Albert Lasker bring in to be his partner of the Chicago Cubs?
A3: Charles Weeghman
Q4: Where did the Cubs move to after leaving the West Side Grounds?
A4: Weeghman Park
Ottoman_Empire (History)

In 1915, as the Russian Caucasus Army continued to advance into eastern Anatolia, the Ottoman government started the deportation of its ethnic Armenian population, resulting in the death of approximately 1.5 million Armenians in what became known as the Armenian Genocide. The genocide was carried out during and after World War I and implemented in two phases: the wholesale killing of the able-bodied male population through massacre and subjection of army conscripts to forced labour, followed by the deportation of women, children, the elderly and infirm on death marches leading to the Syrian desert. Driven forward by military escorts, the deportees were deprived of food and water and subjected to periodic robbery, rape, and systematic massacre. Large-scale massacres were also committed against the Empire's Greek and Assyrian minorities as part of the same campaign of ethnic cleansing.

Q1: When did the Russian Caucasus Army advance into eastern Anatolia?
A1: In 1915
Q2: What ethnic group was deported by the Ottoman Government from eastern Anatolia?
A2: ethnic Armenian
Q3: How many ethnic Armenians are believed to have died in the Armenian Genocide?
A3: 1.5 million
Q4: Armenian women and children were deported on death marches through what desert?
A4: the Syrian desert
Q5: Two other ethnic minorities were massacred during Ottoman ethnic cleansing, what were they?
A5: Greek and Assyrian minorities
Pope_Paul_VI (Philosophy and religion)

In 1916, he entered the seminary to become a Roman Catholic priest. He was ordained priest on 29 May 1920 in Brescia and celebrated his first Holy Mass in Brescia in the Basilica of Santa Maria delle Grazie. Montini concluded his studies in Milan with a doctorate in Canon Law in the same year. Afterwards he studied at the Gregorian University, the University of Rome La Sapienza and, at the request of Giuseppe Pizzardo at the Accademia dei Nobili Ecclesiastici. At the age of twenty-five, again at the request of Giuseppe Pizzardo, Montini entered the Secretariat of State in 1922, where he worked under Pizzardo together with Francesco Borgongini-Duca, Alfredo Ottaviani, Carlo Grano, Domenico Tardini and Francis Spellman. Consequently, he spent not a day as a parish priest. In 1925 he helped found the publishing house Morcelliana in Brescia, focused on promoting a 'Christian inspired culture'.

Q1: In what year did Montini enter the Catholic seminary to become a priest?
A1: 1916
Q2: In what field did Montini obtain a doctorate in?
A2: Canon Law
Q3: In what city did Montini finish his doctoral studies?
A3: Milan
Q4: At what age did Montini enter the Secretariat of state?
A4: twenty-five
Q5: Where did Montini continue to study at the request of Giuseppe Pizzardo?
A5: Accademia dei Nobili Ecclesiastici
FC_Barcelona (Sports and recreation)

In 1918 Espanyol started a counter-petition against autonomy, which at that time had become a pertinent issue. Later on, an Espanyol supporter group would join the Falangists in the Spanish Civil War, siding with the fascists. Despite these differences in ideology, the derbi has always been more relevant to Espanyol supporters than Barcelona ones due to the difference in objectives. In recent years the rivalry has become less political, as Espanyol translated its official name and anthem from Spanish to Catalan.

Q1: When did Espanyol  offer a counter-petition against autonomy?
A1: 1918
Q2: Which civil war group did some Espanyol supporters join?
A2: Falangists
Q3: What event is more relevant to Espanyol supporters than to Barcelona fans?
A3: derbi
Q4: From what language did Espanyol translate their name?
A4: Spanish
Q5: How has the rivalry between Espanyol and Barcelona  changed?
A5: less political
Alfred_North_Whitehead (Philosophy and religion)

In 1918 Whitehead's academic responsibilities began to seriously expand as he accepted a number of high administrative positions within the University of London system, of which Imperial College London was a member at the time. He was elected Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of London in late 1918 (a post he held for four years), a member of the University of London's Senate in 1919, and chairman of the Senate's Academic (leadership) Council in 1920, a post which he held until he departed for America in 1924. Whitehead was able to exert his newfound influence to successfully lobby for a new history of science department, help establish a Bachelor of Science degree (previously only Bachelor of Arts degrees had been offered), and make the school more accessible to less wealthy students.

Q1: When did Whitehead accept administrative positions?
A1: 1918
Q2: Where did Whitehead accept administrative positions?
A2: University of London
Q3: What was he elected at the University of London?
A3: Dean of the Faculty of Science
Q4: When did Whitehead go to America?
A4: 1924
Q5: In which educational system was Whitehead employed in the late 1910s?
A5: University of London system
Q6: What was Whitehead's title at the University of London in late 1918?
A6: Dean of the Faculty of Science
Q7: What was Whitehead's last position before he traveled to America?
A7: chairman of the Senate's Academic (leadership) Council
Q8: In which year did Whitehead relocate to America?
A8: 1924
Q9: What degree program did Whitehead contribute to establishing at University of London?
A9: Bachelor of Science