LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
IPod (Engineering and technology)

Though the iPod was released in 2001, its price and Mac-only compatibility caused sales to be relatively slow until 2004. The iPod line came from Apple's "digital hub" category, when the company began creating software for the growing market of personal digital devices. Digital cameras, camcorders and organizers had well-established mainstream markets, but the company found existing digital music players "big and clunky or small and useless" with user interfaces that were "unbelievably awful," so Apple decided to develop its own. As ordered by CEO Steve Jobs, Apple's hardware engineering chief Jon Rubinstein assembled a team of engineers to design the iPod line, including hardware engineers Tony Fadell and Michael Dhuey, and design engineer Sir Jonathan Ive. Rubinstein had already discovered the Toshiba disk drive when meeting with an Apple supplier in Japan, and purchased the rights to it for Apple, and had also already worked out how the screen, battery, and other key elements would work. The aesthetic was inspired by the 1958 Braun T3 transistor radio designed by Dieter Rams, while the wheel based user interface was prompted by Bang & Olufsen's BeoCom 6000 telephone. The product ("the Walkman of the twenty-first century" ) was developed in less than one year and unveiled on October 23, 2001. Jobs announced it as a Mac-compatible product with a 5 GB hard drive that put "1,000 songs in your pocket."

Q1: In what year was the iPod first introduced?
A1: 2001
Q2: In what year did iPod sales show improvement?
A2: 2004
Q3: Which Apple engineer led original iPod design group?
A3: Jon Rubinstein
Q4: What radio was the primary inspiration for the look of the iPod?
A4: Braun T3 transistor radio
Q5: What was the storage capacity of the first iPod?
A5: 5 GB
Q6: in what year was the original iPod released?
A6: 2001
Q7: How large was the hard drive on the original iPod?
A7: 5 GB
Q8: What other popular music player did Apple compare their new product to?
A8: the Walkman
Q9: What is the name of Apple's hardware engineering chief who helped design the iPod?
A9: Jon Rubinstein
Q10: Who manufactured the hard drives for the first iPods?
A10: Toshiba
Post-punk (Music)

Though the music varied widely between regions and artists, the post-punk movement has been characterized by its "conceptual assault" on rock conventions and rejection of aesthetics perceived of as traditionalist, hegemonic or rockist in favor of experimentation with production techniques and non-rock musical styles such as dub, electronic music, disco, noise, jazz, krautrock, world music and the avant-garde. While post-punk musicians often avoided or intentionally obscured conventional influences, previous musical styles did serve as touchstones for the movement, including particular brands of glam, art rock and "[the] dark undercurrent of '60s music".[nb 1] According to Reynolds, artists once again approached the studio as an instrument, using new recording methods and pursuing novel sonic territories. Author Matthew Bannister wrote that post-punk artists rejected the high cultural references of 1960s rock artists like the Beatles and Bob Dylan as well as paradigms that defined "rock as progressive, as art, as 'sterile' studio perfectionism ... by adopting an avant-garde aesthetic".

Q1: What were the things that post-punk really got into?
A1: experimentation with production techniques
Q2: What are non-rock styles that post-punk used as inspiration?
A2: dub, electronic music, disco, noise, jazz, krautrock, world music and the avant-garde
Q3: What aesthetic did Matthew Bannister associate with post-punk?
A3: avant-garde
Q4: What music did post-punk end to reject?
A4: high cultural references of 1960s rock artists
Q5: As a movement, post-punk has been characterized by its conceptual assault on what conventions?
A5: rock
Q6: What does post-punk reject any of which are perceived as being traditionalist, hegemonic, or rockist?
A6: aesthetics
Q7: What is one of the foundational aspects post-punk is deeply favorable towards?
A7: experimentation
Q8: How did post-punk artists once again approach the studio?
A8: as an instrument
Q9: What references did post-punk artists specifically reject of the 1960s rock artists?
A9: high cultural
Apollo (Philosophy and religion)

Though the proportions were always important in Greek art, the appeal of the Greek sculptures eludes any explanation by proportion alone. The statues of Apollo were thought to incarnate his living presence, and these representations of illusive imaginative reality had deep roots in the Minoan period, and in the beliefs of the first Greek speaking people who entered the region during the bronze-age. Just as the Greeks saw the mountains, forests, sea and rivers as inhabited by concrete beings, so nature in all of its manifestations possesses clear form, and the form of a work of art. Spiritual life is incorporated in matter, when it is given artistic form. Just as in the arts the Greeks sought some reality behind appearances, so in mathematics they sought permanent principles which could be applied wherever the conditions were the same. Artists and sculptors tried to find this ideal order in relation with mathematics, but they believed that this ideal order revealed itself not so much to the dispassionate intellect, as to the whole sentient self. Things as we see them, and as they really are, are one, that each stresses the nature of the other in a single unity.

Q1: The statues of who were thought to incarnate his living presence?
A1: Apollo
Q2: Representations of illusive imaginative reality had deep roots in what period?
A2: Minoan
Q3: What people saw the mountains, forests, sea and rivers as inhabited by concrete beings?
A3: Greeks
Himachal_Pradesh (Social sciences and society)

Though the state is deficient in food grains, it has gained a lot in other spheres of agricultural production such as seed potato, ginger, vegetables, vegetable seeds, mushrooms, chicory seeds, hops, olives and fig. Seed potato is mostly grown in the Shimla, Kullu and Lahaul areas. Special efforts are being made to promote cultivation of crops like olives, figs, hops, mushrooms, flowers, pistachio nuts, sarda melon and saffron. Solan is the largest vegetable producing district in the state. The district of Sirmaur is also famous for growing flowers, and is the largest producer of flowers in the state.

Q1: What type of agriculture is in the state?
A1: seed potato, ginger, vegetables, vegetable seeds, mushrooms, chicory seeds, hops, olives and fig
Q2: Where is seed potato mostly grown?
A2: Shimla, Kullu and Lahaul areas
Q3: Who is the largest vegetable producing district in the state?
A3: Solan
Q4: What is the district of Sirmaur famous for?
A4: growing flowers, and is the largest producer of flowers in the state
Q5: What is the state deficient in?
A5: food grains
Ottoman_Empire (History)

Though the sultan was the supreme monarch, the sultan's political and executive authority was delegated. The politics of the state had a number of advisors and ministers gathered around a council known as Divan (after the 17th century it was renamed the "Porte"). The Divan, in the years when the Ottoman state was still a Beylik, was composed of the elders of the tribe. Its composition was later modified to include military officers and local elites (such as religious and political advisors). Later still, beginning in 1320, a Grand Vizier was appointed to assume certain of the sultan's responsibilities. The Grand Vizier had considerable independence from the sultan with almost unlimited powers of appointment, dismissal and supervision. Beginning with the late 16th century, sultans withdrew from politics and the Grand Vizier became the de facto head of state.

Q1: The sultan of the ottoman empire had what honorific?
A1: the supreme monarch
Q2: What was the council that handled state politics named?
A2: Divan
Q3: What type of people were initially in the Divan?
A3: elders of the tribe
Q4: At a later point other groups were admitted into the Divan, what groups?
A4: military officers and local elites
Q5: A Grand Vizar began to be appointed in what year?
A5: 1320
Insect (Natural sciences)

Though the true dimensions of species diversity remain uncertain, estimates range from 2.6–7.8 million species with a mean of 5.5 million. This probably represents less than 20% of all species on Earth[citation needed], and with only about 20,000 new species of all organisms being described each year, most species likely will remain undescribed for many years unless species descriptions increase in rate. About 850,000–1,000,000 of all described species are insects. Of the 24 orders of insects, four dominate in terms of numbers of described species, with at least 3 million species included in Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera. A recent study estimated the number of beetles at 0.9–2.1 million with a mean of 1.5 million.

Q1: The true diversity within the insect species remains what?
A1: uncertain
Q2: How many insect species are estimated to exist?
A2: 2.6–7.8 million species
Q3: How many new species of all organisms are discovered each year?
A3: 20,000
Q4: Of all the species on earth, how much do insects make up?
A4: less than 20%
Q5: For many years to come, most insect species will remain as what?
A5: undescribed
Late_Middle_Ages (History)

Though there is no doubt that the demographic crisis of the 14th century caused a dramatic fall in production and commerce in absolute terms, there has been a vigorous historical debate over whether the decline was greater than the fall in population. While the older orthodoxy held that the artistic output of the Renaissance was a result of greater opulence, more recent studies have suggested that there might have been a so-called 'depression of the Renaissance'. In spite of convincing arguments for the case, the statistical evidence is simply too incomplete for a definite conclusion to be made.

Q1: What caused the decrease in commerce and production in the 14th century?
A1: demographic crisis
Q2: What is the alternative to the theory that the Renaissance was a time of great opulence?
A2: depression of the Renaissance
Q3: What type of evidence is too incomplete for a decision to be made between the two theories of the Renaissance?
A3: statistical
Q4: What is posited as the cause of increased artistic output during the Renaissance?
A4: greater opulence
Professional_wrestling (Sports and recreation)

Though they have not had the level of exposure as other wrestlers, bears have long been a part of professional wrestling. Usually declawed and muzzled, they often wrestled shoot matches against audience members, offered a cash reward if they could pin the bear. They also wrestled professionals in worked, often battle royal or handicap, matches (usually booked so the bear won). Though they have wrestled around the world and continue to do so, wrestling bears enjoyed their greatest popularity in the Southern United States, during the 1960s and 1970s. The practice of bear wrestling has met strong opposition from animal rights activists in recent decades, contributing to its lack of mainstream acceptance. As of 2006, it is banned in 20 U.S. states. Perhaps the most famous wrestling bears are Ginger, Victor, Hercules and Terrible Ted.

Q1: Who are the most well-known wrestling bears?
A1: Ginger, Victor, Hercules and Terrible Ted
Q2: What animal has been a part of wrestling for a long time?
A2: bears
Q3: What condition are bears usually brought in in?
A3: declawed and muzzled
Q4: Who do the bears fight?
A4: audience members
Q5: How many states have banned bear wrestling as of 2006?
A5: 20
The_Times (History)

Though traditionally a moderate newspaper and sometimes a supporter of the Conservative Party, it supported the Labour Party in the 2001 and 2005 general elections. In 2004, according to MORI, the voting intentions of its readership were 40% for the Conservative Party, 29% for the Liberal Democrats, and 26% for Labour. The Times had an average daily circulation of 394,448 in March 2014; in the same period, The Sunday Times had an average daily circulation of 839,077. An American edition of The Times has been published since 6 June 2006. It has been heavily used by scholars and researchers because of its widespread availability in libraries and its detailed index. A complete historical file of the digitized paper is online from Gage Cengage publisher.

Q1: Traditionally, what political spectrum did The Times support?
A1: moderate
Q2: What party did The Times support in 2001 and 2005 general elections?
A2: Labour Party
Q3: In March 2014, The Times had an average daily circulation of how many people?
A3: 394,448
Q4: The complete historical file of the digitized paper of The Times is online and published by what publisher?
A4: Gage Cengage
Q5: What political party has the highest readership of The Times?
A5: Conservative Party
Sumer (History)

Though women were protected by late Sumerian law and were able to achieve a higher status in Sumer than in other contemporary civilizations, the culture was male-dominated. The Code of Ur-Nammu, the oldest such codification yet discovered, dating to the Ur-III "Sumerian Renaissance", reveals a glimpse at societal structure in late Sumerian law. Beneath the lu-gal ("great man" or king), all members of society belonged to one of two basic strata: The "lu" or free person, and the slave (male, arad; female geme). The son of a lu was called a dumu-nita until he married. A woman (munus) went from being a daughter (dumu-mi), to a wife (dam), then if she outlived her husband, a widow (numasu) and she could then remarry.

Q1: How were women protected in Sumerian society?
A1: law
Q2: What gender dominated Sumerian culture?
A2: male
Q3: Whose code reveals a bit about the societal structure through Sumerian law?
A3: Ur-Nammu
Q4: Who was at the top of the power pyramid in Sumerian society?
A4: the lu-gal
Q5: How many strata existed in Sumerian society?
A5: two
Detroit (Geography and places)

Thousands more employees work in Midtown, north of the central business district. Midtown's anchors are the city's largest single employer Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, and the Henry Ford Health System in New Center. Midtown is also home to watchmaker Shinola and an array of small and/or startup companies. New Center bases TechTown, a research and business incubator hub that’s part of the WSU system. Like downtown and Corktown, Midtown also has a fast-growing retailing and restaurant scene.

Q1: Which company makes timepieces in Midtown?
A1: Shinola
Q2: What is the largest employer in Detroit?
A2: Detroit Medical Center
Q3: What district is Midtown north of?
A3: central business district
Q4: Other than Downtown and Midtown, what area boasts a fast growing restaurant scene?
A4: Corktown
Q5: Where is TechTown based?
A5: New Center
Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union (History)

Thousands of Muscovites came out to defend the White House (the Russian Federation's parliament and Yeltsin's office), the symbolic seat of Russian sovereignty at the time. The organizers tried but ultimately failed to arrest Yeltsin, who rallied opposition to the coup with speech-making atop a tank. The special forces dispatched by the coup leaders took up positions near the White House, but members refused to storm the barricaded building. The coup leaders also neglected to jam foreign news broadcasts, so many Muscovites watched it unfold live on CNN. Even the isolated Gorbachev was able to stay abreast of developments by tuning into BBC World Service on a small transistor radio.

Q1: Who arrived to protect the White House?
A1: Muscovites
Q2: Who did the organizers want to arrest?
A2: Yeltsin
Q3: Where was Yeltsin during the coup?
A3: atop a tank
Q4: What was Yeltsin doing on the tank?
A4: speech-making
Q5: What TV channel carried the broadcast of the coup?
A5: CNN
Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union (History)

Thousands of Soviet troops were sent to the Fergana Valley, southeast of the Uzbek capital Tashkent, to re-establish order after clashes in which local Uzbeks hunted down members of the Meskhetian minority in several days of rioting between June 4–11, 1989; about 100 people were killed. On June 23, 1989, Gorbachev removed Rafiq Nishonov as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Uzbek SSR and replaced him with Karimov, who went on to lead Uzbekistan as a Soviet Republic and subsequently as an independent state.

Q1: Who went to the Fergana Valley to restore order?
A1: Soviet troops
Q2: Where is the Fergana Valley located?
A2: southeast of the Uzbek capital
Q3: Who were targeted by the local Uzbeks?
A3: members of the Meskhetian minority
Q4: Who was fired from First Secretary position by Gorbachev? 
A4: Rafiq Nishonov
Q5: Who replaced Nishonov?
A5: Karimov
Unicode (Engineering and technology)

Thousands of fonts exist on the market, but fewer than a dozen fonts—sometimes described as "pan-Unicode" fonts—attempt to support the majority of Unicode's character repertoire. Instead, Unicode-based fonts typically focus on supporting only basic ASCII and particular scripts or sets of characters or symbols. Several reasons justify this approach: applications and documents rarely need to render characters from more than one or two writing systems; fonts tend to demand resources in computing environments; and operating systems and applications show increasing intelligence in regard to obtaining glyph information from separate font files as needed, i.e., font substitution. Furthermore, designing a consistent set of rendering instructions for tens of thousands of glyphs constitutes a monumental task; such a venture passes the point of diminishing returns for most typefaces.

Q1: How many fonts support the majority of Unicode's character repertoire? 
A1: fewer than a dozen fonts
Q2: What are the fonts that support Unicode referred to as? 
A2: "pan-Unicode" fonts
Q3: Unicode-based fonts are normally focused on supporting what? 
A3: basic ASCII and particular scripts or sets of characters or symbols
London (Geography and places)

Three Aviva Premiership rugby union teams are based in London, (London Irish, Saracens, and Harlequins), although currently only Harlequins and Saracens play their home games within Greater London. London Scottish and London Welsh play in the RFU Championship club and other rugby union clubs in the city include Richmond F.C., Rosslyn Park F.C., Westcombe Park R.F.C. and Blackheath F.C.. Twickenham Stadium in south-west London is the national rugby union stadium, and has a capacity of 82,000 now that the new south stand has been completed.

Q1: What is the name of the national rugby union stadium located in South-West London?
A1: Twickenham Stadium
Q2: What is the current spectator seating capacity of Twickenham Stadium?
A2: 82,000
Q3: Of the three Aviva Premiership rugby union teams in London, which ones actually play in the Greater London Area?
A3: Harlequins and Saracens
Q4: Where do the London Scottish and London Welch rugby teams play their home games?
A4: in the RFU Championship club
Dutch_language (Language and literature)

Three Germanic dialects were originally spoken in the Low Countries: Frisian in the north and along the western coast; Saxon in the east (contiguous with the Low German area); and Franconian in the centre and south. It is the Franconian dialects that is designated as Old Dutch, and that would develop in Middle Dutch and later Modern Dutch. The division in these development phases is mostly conventional, since the transition between them was very gradual. One of the few moments linguists can detect somewhat of a revolution is when the Dutch standard language emerged and quickly established itself. The development of the Dutch language is illustrated by the following sentence in Old, Middle and Modern Dutch:

Q1: How many different versions of a Germanic language were spoken in the Low Countries?
A1: Three
Q2: Which Germanic dialect was spoken in the eastern region?
A2: Saxon
Q3: Which dialects are referred to as "Old Dutch"?
A3: Franconian
Q4: Was the transition from Old Dutch to Modern Dutch gradual, or did it happen quickly?
A4: gradual
Q5: Which Germanic dialect was spoken in the north and west of the Low Countries? 
A5: Frisian
Han_dynasty (History)

Three Han mathematical treatises still exist. These are the Book on Numbers and Computation, the Arithmetical Classic of the Gnomon and the Circular Paths of Heaven and the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art. Han-era mathematical achievements include solving problems with right-angle triangles, square roots, cube roots, and matrix methods, finding more accurate approximations for pi, providing mathematical proof of the Pythagorean theorem, use of the decimal fraction, Gaussian elimination to solve linear equations, and continued fractions to find the roots of equations.

Q1: What type of treatise is the Book on Numbers and Computation considered to be?
A1: mathematical
Q2: How many mathematical treatises have still managed to survive to this day?
A2: Three
Q3: What achievement of the Han era can be used to help solve linear equations?
A3: Gaussian elimination
Q4: During what era was the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art from?
A4: Han
Q5: What can be used to help find the roots of equations?
A5: continued fractions
Digimon (Video games)

Three and a quarter years after the end of the fifth series, a new sixth series was confirmed by Bandai for the Digimon anime, its official name of the series revealed in the June issue of Shueisha's V Jump magazine being Digimon Xros Wars. It began airing in Japan on TV Asahi from July 6, 2010 onwards. Reverting to the design style of the first four series as well as the plot taking on the younger, lighter tone present in series one, two and four throughout the story. The story follows a boy named Mikey Kudō (Taiki Kudo in Japan) who, along with his friends, ends up in the Digital World where they meet Shoutmon and his Digimon friends. Wielding a digivice known as a Fusion Loader (Xros Loader in Japan), Mikey is able to combine multiple Digimon onto one to enhance his power, Shoutmon being the usual core of the combination, using a technique known as 'DigiFuse' (Digi-Xros in Japan). Forming Team Fusion Fighters (Team Xros Heart in Japan), Mikey, Shoutmon and their friends travel through the Digital World to liberate it from the evil Bagra Army, led by Bagramon(Lord Bagra in English), and Midnight, a shady group led by AxeKnightmon with Nene as a figurehead before joining the Fusion Fighters. The Fusion Fighters also finds themselves at odds with Blue Flare, led by Christopher Aonuma (Kiriha Anouma in Japan). The second arc of Xros Wars was subtitled The Evil Death Generals and the Seven Kingdoms. It saw the main cast reshuffled with a new wardrobe while Angie (Akari in Japan) and Jeremy (Zenjiro in Japan) stay behind in the Human World; thus making Mikey, Christopher and Nene the lead protagonists as they set off to face the Seven Death Generals of the Bagra Army and AxeKnightmon's new pawn: Nene's brother Ewan (Yuu in Japan). A new evolution known as Super Digivolution was introduced at the end of the first arc. The English dub of the series began airing on Nickelodeon on September 7, 2013, which is produced by Saban Brands.

Q1: How long after the 5th season did the next one start?
A1: Three and a quarter years
Q2: When did the sixth season of Digimon begin airing?
A2: July 6, 2010
Q3: Who is the main character in the sixth Digimon series?
A3: Mikey Kudō
Q4: Who did the Fusion fighters find themselves in battle with?
A4: Blue Flare
Q5: When did the English dub for the sixth season start airing?
A5: September 7, 2013