LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Raleigh,_North_Carolina (Geography and places)

Raleigh is home to numerous cultural, educational, and historic sites. The Duke Energy Center for the Performing Arts in Downtown Raleigh features three theater venues and serves as the home for the North Carolina Symphony and the Carolina Ballet. Walnut Creek Amphitheatre is a large music amphitheater located in Southeast Raleigh. Museums in Raleigh include the North Carolina Museum of Art in West Raleigh, as well as the North Carolina Museum of History and North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences located next to each other near the State Capitol in Downtown Raleigh. Several major universities and colleges call Raleigh home, including North Carolina State University, the largest public university in the state, and Shaw University, the first historically black university in the American South and site of the foundation of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, an important civil rights organization of the 1960s. One U.S. president, Andrew Johnson, was born in Raleigh.

Q1: What energy center is downtown?
A1: Duke
Q2: What university is in Raleigh?
A2: North Carolina State University,
Q3: What is the first historically black university?
A3: Shaw
Q4: What president was born in Raleigh?
A4: Andrew Johnson
Q5: What is the name of the amphitheater in Raleigh?
A5: Walnut Creek Amphitheatre
Raleigh,_North_Carolina (Geography and places)

Raleigh is located in the northeast central region of North Carolina, where the Piedmont and Atlantic Coastal Plain regions meet. This area is known as the "fall line" because it marks the elevation inland at which waterfalls begin to appear in creeks and rivers. As a result, most of Raleigh features gently rolling hills that slope eastward toward the state's flat coastal plain. Its central Piedmont location situates Raleigh about two hours west of Atlantic Beach, North Carolina, by car and four hours east of the Great Smoky Mountains. The city is 155 miles (249 km) south of Richmond, Virginia, 263 miles (423 km) south of Washington, D.C., and 150 miles (240 km) northeast of Charlotte, North Carolina.

Q1: Where is Raleigh located?
A1: northeast central region of North Carolina
Q2: What is the area known as?
A2: "fall line"
Q3: What type of geography is in Raleigh?
A3: gently rolling hills that slope eastward toward the state's flat coastal plain.
Q4: How far is Raleigh from Atlantic Beach?
A4: two hours
Q5: How far is Raleigh from Richmond?
A5: 155
Raleigh,_North_Carolina (Geography and places)

Raleigh receives an average of 6.0 inches (15.2 cm) of snow in winter. Freezing rain and sleet also occur most winters, and occasionally the area experiences a major damaging ice storm. On January 24–25, 2000, Raleigh received its greatest snowfall from a single storm – 20.3 inches (52 cm) – the Winter Storm of January 2000. Storms of this magnitude are generally the result of cold air damming that affects the city due to its proximity to the Appalachian Mountains. Winter storms have caused traffic problems in the past as well.

Q1: How much snow does Raleigh get?
A1: 6.0 inches
Q2: When was the greatest snowfall?
A2: January 24–25, 2000
Q3: How much snow did Raleigh get on January 24, 2000?
A3: 20.3 inches
Q4: What caused the Winter Storm of 2000?
A4: cold air damming
Q5: What mountains are the city near?
A5: Appalachian Mountains.
Raleigh,_North_Carolina (Geography and places)

Raleigh's industrial base includes banking/financial services; electrical, medical, electronic and telecommunications equipment; clothing and apparel; food processing; paper products; and pharmaceuticals. Raleigh is part of North Carolina's Research Triangle, one of the country's largest and most successful research parks, and a major center in the United States for high-tech and biotech research, as well as advanced textile development. The city is a major retail shipping point for eastern North Carolina and a wholesale distributing point for the grocery industry.

Q1: What is the main industrial area of Raleigh?
A1: banking/financial services;
Q2: What is Raleigh part of?
A2: North Carolina's Research Triangle
Q3: What does the Research Triangle do?
A3: high-tech and biotech research
Q4: Is the city concerned with shipping?
A4: The city is a major retail shipping point
Q5: What industry is Raleigh a major wholesaler for?
A5: grocery
Raleigh,_North_Carolina (Geography and places)

Raleigh-Durham International Airport, the region's primary airport and the second-largest in North Carolina, located northwest of downtown Raleigh via Interstate-40 between Raleigh and Durham, serves the city and greater Research Triangle metropolitan region, as well as much of eastern North Carolina. The airport offers service to more than 35 domestic and international destinations and serves approximately 10 million passengers a year. The airport also offers facilities for cargo and general aviation. The airport authority tripled the size of its Terminal 2 (formerly Terminal C) in January 2011.

Q1: What is the area's primary airport?
A1: Raleigh-Durham International Airport,
Q2: Where is Raleigh-Durham International Airport?
A2: Interstate-40 between Raleigh and Durham
Q3: How many destinations does the airport offer internationally?
A3: 35
Q4: What are there 10 million of each year at the airport?
A4: passengers
Q5: What was Terminal 2 formerly called at the airport?
A5: Terminal C
Hindu_philosophy (Philosophy and religion)

Ramanuja (c. 1037–1137) was the foremost proponent of the philosophy of Viśiṣṭādvaita or qualified non-dualism. Viśiṣṭādvaita advocated the concept of a Supreme Being with essential qualities or attributes. Viśiṣṭādvaitins argued against the Advaitin conception of Brahman as an impersonal empty oneness. They saw Brahman as an eternal oneness, but also as the source of all creation, which was omnipresent and actively involved in existence. To them the sense of subject-object perception was illusory and a sign of ignorance. However, the individual's sense of self was not a complete illusion since it was derived from the universal beingness that is Brahman. Ramanuja saw Vishnu as a personification of Brahman.

Q1: What is the philosophy of dualism?
A1: Viśiṣṭādvaita
Q2: Who was the leader in pushing the philosophy of Visistadvaita?
A2: Ramanuja
Q3: When did Ramanuja live?
A3: c. 1037–1137
Q4: For the existence of what did the Visistadvaita philosophy argue?
A4: Supreme Being
Q5: What being did Ramanuja believe was the personification of Brahman
A5: Vishnu
Han_dynasty (History)

Ranked below the Three Councillors of State were the Nine Ministers, who each headed a specialized ministry. The Minister of Ceremonies was the chief official in charge of religious rites, rituals, prayers and the maintenance of ancestral temples and altars. The Minister of the Household was in charge of the emperor's security within the palace grounds, external imperial parks and wherever the emperor made an outing by chariot. The Minister of the Guards was responsible for securing and patrolling the walls, towers, and gates of the imperial palaces. The Minister Coachman was responsible for the maintenance of imperial stables, horses, carriages and coach-houses for the emperor and his palace attendants, as well as the supply of horses for the armed forces. The Minister of Justice was the chief official in charge of upholding, administering, and interpreting the law. The Minister Herald was the chief official in charge of receiving honored guests at the imperial court, such as nobles and foreign ambassadors. The Minister of the Imperial Clan oversaw the imperial court's interactions with the empire's nobility and extended imperial family, such as granting fiefs and titles. The Minister of Finance was the treasurer for the official bureaucracy and the armed forces who handled tax revenues and set standards for units of measurement. The Minister Steward served the emperor exclusively, providing him with entertainment and amusements, proper food and clothing, medicine and physical care, valuables and equipment.

Q1: Which individual had a duty to maintain the imperial stables?
A1: The Minister Coachman
Q2: Which Minister had the responsibility to interpret laws in this period?
A2: The Minister of Justice
Q3: Which Minister could an honored guest of the court be expected to see?
A3: The Minister Herald
Q4: Who provided  the emperor with sustenance and medical aid?
A4: The Minister Steward
Q5: Which individual held the responsibility to oversee the interactions of the empire's nobles with the court?
A5: The Minister of the Imperial Clan
Rajasthan (Geography and places)

Ranthambore National Park is known worldwide for its tiger population and is considered by both wilderness lovers and photographers as one of the best place in India to spot tigers. At one point, due to poaching and negligence, tigers became extinct at Sariska, but five tigers have been relocated there. Prominent among the wildlife sanctuaries are Mount Abu Sanctuary, Bhensrod Garh Sanctuary, Darrah Sanctuary, Jaisamand Sanctuary, Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary, Jawahar Sagar sanctuary, and Sita Mata Wildlife Sanctuary.

Q1: What Rajasthani national park is known for its tigers?
A1: Ranthambore National Park
Q2: How many tigers were relocated to Sariska?
A2: five tigers
Q3: Ranthamb National Park is known by photographers as what?
A3: one of the best place in India to spot tigers
Q4: Why did tigers became extinct in Sariska?
A4: poaching and negligence
Vacuum (Natural sciences)

Rapid decompression can be much more dangerous than vacuum exposure itself. Even if the victim does not hold his or her breath, venting through the windpipe may be too slow to prevent the fatal rupture of the delicate alveoli of the lungs. Eardrums and sinuses may be ruptured by rapid decompression, soft tissues may bruise and seep blood, and the stress of shock will accelerate oxygen consumption leading to hypoxia. Injuries caused by rapid decompression are called barotrauma. A pressure drop of 13 kPa (100 Torr), which produces no symptoms if it is gradual, may be fatal if it occurs suddenly.

Q1: What does Rapid decompression do to the lungs?
A1: rupture of the delicate alveoli
Q2: What causes barotrauma?
A2: rapid decompression
Q3: What amount of pressure drop can kill you if it occurs suddenly?
A3: 13 kPa (100 Torr),
Q4: What does acceleration of oxygen consumption do?
A4: hypoxia
Q5: rapid decompression is more dangerous than what?
A5: vacuum exposure
Biodiversity (Natural sciences)

Rapid environmental changes typically cause mass extinctions. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described. The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037, and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion tons of carbon).

Q1: What can typically cause mass extinctions?
A1: Rapid environmental changes
Q2: What percentage of species is estimated to be extinct?
A2: More than 99 percent
Q3: How many species have ever lived on earth?
A3: over five billion species
Q4: How many species currently live on earth?
A4: Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million,
Q5: What is the estimated weight of the total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth?
A5: 50 billion tonnes
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 (History)

Rapid increases in a number of commodity prices followed the collapse in the housing bubble. The price of oil nearly tripled from $50 to $147 from early 2007 to 2008, before plunging as the financial crisis began to take hold in late 2008. Experts debate the causes, with some attributing it to speculative flow of money from housing and other investments into commodities, some to monetary policy, and some to the increasing feeling of raw materials scarcity in a fast-growing world, leading to long positions taken on those markets, such as Chinese increasing presence in Africa. An increase in oil prices tends to divert a larger share of consumer spending into gasoline, which creates downward pressure on economic growth in oil importing countries, as wealth flows to oil-producing states. A pattern of spiking instability in the price of oil over the decade leading up to the price high of 2008 has been recently identified. The destabilizing effects of this price variance has been proposed as a contributory factor in the financial crisis.

Q1: Following the collapse in the housing bubble, what happened to a number of commodity prices?
A1: Rapid increases
Q2: How much did the price of oil increase from early 2007 to 2008?
A2: nearly tripled from $50 to $147
Q3: What did the price of oil began doing when the financial crisis began to take hold in late 2008?
A3: plunging
Q4: What is one of the reasons experts believe contributed to the volatilaty in oil prices in 2008? 
A4: monetary policy
Q5: Consumers tend to have less money to spend on other goods, when the price of which commodity is higher?
A5: gasoline
Yale_University (History)

Rare books are found in several Yale collections. The Beinecke Rare Book Library has a large collection of rare books and manuscripts. The Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library includes important historical medical texts, including an impressive collection of rare books, as well as historical medical instruments. The Lewis Walpole Library contains the largest collection of 18th‑century British literary works. The Elizabethan Club, technically a private organization, makes its Elizabethan folios and first editions available to qualified researchers through Yale.

Q1: Where would one find a collection of historical medical equipment?
A1: The Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library
Q2: What library contains the biggest assortment of 18th century British literary works?
A2: The Lewis Walpole Library
Q3: Where can qualified researchers obtain Elizabethan folios? 
A3: The Elizabethan Club
Q4: What library has a vast assortment of rare books and manuscripts?
A4: The Beinecke Rare Book Library
Macintosh (Engineering and technology)

Raskin was authorized to start hiring for the project in September 1979, and he immediately asked his long-time colleague, Brian Howard, to join him. His initial team would eventually consist of himself, Howard, Joanna Hoffman, Burrell Smith, and Bud Tribble. The rest of the original Mac team would include Bill Atkinson, Bob Belleville, Steve Capps, George Crow, Donn Denman, Chris Espinosa, Andy Hertzfeld, Bruce Horn, Susan Kare, Larry Kenyon, and Caroline Rose with Steve Jobs leading the project.

Q1: What year was Raskin hired by Apple?
A1: September 1979
Q2: Who did Raskin immediately hire to help him on the Apple project in 1979?
A2: his long-time colleague, Brian Howard
Q3: Who comprised the original Mac team besides Raskin?
A3: Howard, Joanna Hoffman, Burrell Smith, and Bud Tribble
Q4: Who eventually lead the project on the Mac team?
A4: Steve Jobs
Jews (History)

Rates of interreligious marriage vary widely: In the United States, it is just under 50%, in the United Kingdom, around 53%; in France; around 30%, and in Australia and Mexico, as low as 10%. In the United States, only about a third of children from intermarriages affiliate with Jewish religious practice. The result is that most countries in the Diaspora have steady or slightly declining religiously Jewish populations as Jews continue to assimilate into the countries in which they live.[citation needed]

Q1: What is the rate of interreligious marriage in the United States?
A1: just under 50%
Q2: What is the rate of interreligious marriage in the United Kingdom?
A2: 53%
Q3: What is the rate of interreligious marriage in France?
A3: 30%
Q4: What is the rate of interreligious marriage in Mexico?
A4: as low as 10%
Q5: What is the rate of interreligious marriage in Australia?
A5: as low as 10%
Antenna_(radio) (Engineering and technology)

Rather than just using a thick tube, there are similar techniques used to the same effect such as replacing thin wire elements with cages to simulate a thicker element. This widens the bandwidth of the resonance. On the other hand, amateur radio antennas need to operate over several bands which are widely separated from each other. This can often be accomplished simply by connecting resonant elements for the different bands in parallel. Most of the transmitter's power will flow into the resonant element while the others present a high (reactive) impedance and draw little current from the same voltage. A popular solution uses so-called traps consisting of parallel resonant circuits which are strategically placed in breaks along each antenna element. When used at one particular frequency band the trap presents a very high impedance (parallel resonance) effectively truncating the element at that length, making it a proper resonant antenna. At a lower frequency the trap allows the full length of the element to be employed, albeit with a shifted resonant frequency due to the inclusion of the trap's net reactance at that lower frequency.

Q1: What type of tubes are generally used for sturdier always of antennas?
A1: cages
Q2: What effect do cages have on the spectrum of usable frequencies?
A2: widens
Q3: How could one achieve the task of creating an antenna that can be Used over various bands?
A3: connecting resonant elements
Q4: What is an essential for dealing with directing the flow of power?
A4: trap's
Alfred_North_Whitehead (Philosophy and religion)

Rather than teach small parts of a large number of subjects, Whitehead advocated teaching a relatively few important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge, discovering their application in actual life. For Whitehead, education should be the exact opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model – it should be transdisciplinary, and laden with values and general principles that provide students with a bedrock of wisdom and help them to make connections between areas of knowledge that are usually regarded as separate.

Q1: Whitehead's education style was to teach what?
A1: a relatively few important concepts
Q2: What should Whitehead's students organically link due to his teaching methods?
A2: different areas of knowledge, discovering their application in actual life.
Q3: Whitehead believed education should be the opposite of what?
A3: value-free school model
Q4: What did Whitehead believe regarding the variety of subjects in education?
A4: Whitehead advocated teaching a relatively few important concepts
Q5: How did Whitehead propose that students would expand their knowledge beyond the subjects taught in school?
A5: important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge, discovering their application in actual life
Q6: What was Whitehead's general opinion of what the school model should be?
A6: For Whitehead, education should be the exact opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model
Q7: What was Whitehead's opinion on the inclusion of values and general principles in education?
A7: it should be transdisciplinary, and laden with values and general principles that provide students with a bedrock of wisdom
Qing_dynasty (History)

Ratification of the treaty the following year led to resumption of hostilities and in 1860, with Anglo-French forces marching on Beijing, the emperor and his court fled the capital for the imperial hunting lodge at Rehe. Once in Beijing, the Anglo-French forces looted the Old Summer Palace, and in an act of revenge for the arrest of several Englishmen, burnt it to the ground. Prince Gong, a younger half-brother of the emperor, who had been left as his brother's proxy in the capital, was forced to sign the Convention of Beijing. Meanwhile, the humiliated emperor died the following year at Rehe.

Q1: Whed did the British and French invade Beijing?
A1: 1860
Q2: Where did the emperor go?
A2: Rehe
Q3: What happened to the Old Summer Palace?
A3: burnt it to the ground
Q4: What did Prince Gong sign?
A4: Convention of Beijing
Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty (History)

Rawski writes that Altan Khan's conversion to the Gelug "can be interpreted as an attempt to expand his authority in his conflict with his nominal superior, Tümen Khan." To further cement the Mongol-Tibetan alliance, the great-grandson of Altan Khan—the 4th Dalai Lama (1589–1616)—was made the fourth Dalai Lama. In 1642, the 5th Dalai Lama (1617–1682) became the first to wield effective political control over Tibet.

Q1: Who was Altan Khan's nominal superior?
A1: Tümen Khan
Q2: To make the Mongol-Tibetan alliance stronger who became the 4th Dalai Lama?
A2: the great-grandson of Altan Khan
Q3: Who was the first Dalai Lama to have political control over Tibet?
A3: the 5th Dalai Lama
Q4: When did the 5th Dalai Lama gain political control over Tibet?
A4: In 1642
Humanism (Philosophy and religion)

Raymond B. Bragg, the associate editor of The New Humanist, sought to consolidate the input of Leon Milton Birkhead, Charles Francis Potter, and several members of the Western Unitarian Conference. Bragg asked Roy Wood Sellars to draft a document based on this information which resulted in the publication of the Humanist Manifesto in 1933. Potter's book and the Manifesto became the cornerstones of modern humanism, the latter declaring a new religion by saying, "any religion that can hope to be a synthesising and dynamic force for today must be shaped for the needs of this age. To establish such a religion is a major necessity of the present." It then presented 15 theses of humanism as foundational principles for this new religion.

Q1: Who became responsible in part for the editing of The New Humanist?
A1: Raymond B. Bragg,
Q2: What groups thoughts did he seek to include?
A2: Western Unitarian Conference
Q3: What was the name of the material that was produced from this groups and the opinions of others?
A3: Humanist Manifesto
Q4: How many cornerstones of this new way of thinking or religion were presented>
A4: 15
Multiracial_American (History)

Reacting to media criticism of Michelle Obama during the 2008 presidential election, Charles Kenzie Steele, Jr., CEO of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference said, "Why are they attacking Michelle Obama, and not really attacking, to that degree, her husband? Because he has no slave blood in him." He later claimed his comment was intended to be "provocative" but declined to expand on the subject. Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice (who was famously mistaken for a "recent American immigrant" by French President Nicolas Sarkozy), said "descendants of slaves did not get much of a head start, and I think you continue to see some of the effects of that." She has also rejected an immigrant designation for African Americans and instead prefers the term "black" or "white" .

Q1: Why did Steele think people were not attacking Barrack Obama?
A1: Because he has no slave blood in him
Q2: What does Condoleeza Rice prefer to term people as?
A2: "black" or "white"
Q3: What did President Sarkozy think Secretary of State Rice was?
A3: recent American immigrant
Q4: Who is Charles Kenzie Steele Jr?
A4: CEO of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Q5: Why did Steele say what he did?
A5: to be "provocative"