LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Nonprofit_organization (Social sciences and society)

A nonprofit organization (NPO, also known as a non-business entity) is an organization whose purposes are other than making a profit. A nonprofit organization is often dedicated to furthering a particular social cause or advocating for a particular point of view. In economic terms, a nonprofit organization uses its surplus revenues to further achieve its purpose or mission, rather than distributing its surplus income to the organization's shareholders (or equivalents) as profit or dividends. This is known as the distribution constraint. The decision to adopt a nonprofit legal structure is one that will often have taxation implications, particularly where the nonprofit seeks income tax exemption, charitable status and so on.

Q1: What is the definition of a non-profit organization?
A1: purposes are other than making a profit
Q2: What is an NPO also known as?
A2: non-business entity
Q3: What is the purpose of an NPO?
A3: furthering a particular social cause or advocating for a particular point of view
Q4: What does a non-profit do with the money it takes in, instead of using it for a profit?
A4: further achieve its purpose or mission, rather than distributing its surplus income to the organization's shareholders (or equivalents) as profit
Q5: What is it called when a non-profit uses it's money as it should?
A5: distribution constraint
Dialect (Language and literature)

A nonstandard dialect, like a standard dialect, has a complete vocabulary, grammar, and syntax, but is usually not the beneficiary of institutional support. Examples of a nonstandard English dialect are Southern American English, Western Australian English, Scouse and Tyke. The Dialect Test was designed by Joseph Wright to compare different English dialects with each other.

Q1: What does a nonstandard dialect usually not have compared to a standard dialect?
A1: institutional support
Q2: What language is Scouse a dialect of?
A2: English
Q3: What was created for the sake of comparing English dialects?
A3: The Dialect Test
Q4: Who came up with the Dialect Test?
A4: Joseph Wright
Q5: Along with a syntax and grammar, what attribute does a dialect possess?
A5: vocabulary
Adult_contemporary_music (Music)

A notable pattern that developed during the 2000s and 2010s has been for certain pop songs to have lengthy runs on AC charts, even after the songs have fallen off the Hot 100. Adrian Moreira, senior vice president for adult music for RCA Music Group, said, "We've seen a fairly tidal shift in what AC will play". Rather than emphasizing older songs, adult contemporary was playing many of the same songs as top 40 and adult top 40, but only after the hits had become established. An article on MTV's website by Corey Moss describes this trend: "In other words, AC stations are where pop songs go to die a very long death. Or, to optimists, to get a second life."

Q1: What is Adrian Moreira's job title?
A1: senior vice president for adult music
Q2: For what company does Adrian Moreira work?
A2: RCA Music Group
Q3: Who wrote, "In other words, AC stations are where pop songs go to die a very long death. Or, to optimists, to get a second life"?
A3: Corey Moss
Q4: Where was Corey Moss' article published?
A4: MTV's website
Q5: When do adult contemporary stations begin to play Top 40 songs?
A5: after the hits had become established
Protestantism (Philosophy and religion)

A noteworthy development in 20th-century Protestant Christianity was the rise of the modern Pentecostal movement. Sprung from Methodist and Wesleyan roots, it arose out of meetings at an urban mission on Azusa Street in Los Angeles. From there it spread around the world, carried by those who experienced what they believed to be miraculous moves of God there. These Pentecost-like manifestations have steadily been in evidence throughout the history, such as seen in the two Great Awakenings. Pentecostalism, which in turn birthed the Charismatic movement within already established denominations, continues to be an important force in Western Christianity.

Q1: What modern movement began in the 20th century?
A1: the modern Pentecostal movement
Q2: What were the roots of the modern Pentecostal movement?
A2: Methodist and Wesleyan
Q3: What movement did Pentecostalism create?
A3: the Charismatic movement
Q4: In what city did the modern Pentecostal movement begin?
A4: Los Angeles
Q5: What type of mission was the birthplace of the modern Pentecostal movement?
A5: urban
Department_store (Social sciences and society)

A novelty shop called Au Bon Marché had been founded in Paris in 1838 to sell lace, ribbons, sheets, mattresses, buttons, umbrellas and other assorted goods. It originally had four departments, twelve employees, and a floor space of three hundred meters. The entrepreneur Aristide Boucicaut became a partner in 1852, and changed the marketing plan, instituting fixed prices and guarantees that allowed exchanges and refunds, advertising, and a much wider variety of merchandise. The annual income of the store increased from 500,000 francs in 1852 to five million in 1860. In 1869 he built much larger building at 24 rue de Sèvres on the Left Bank, and enlarged the store again in 1872, with help from the engineering firm of Gustave Eiffel, creator of the Eiffel Tower. The income rose from twenty million francs in 1870 to 72 million at the time of the Boucicaut's death in 1877. The floor space had increased from three hundred square meters in 1838 to fifty thousand, and the number of employees had increased from twelve in 1838 to 1788 in 1879. Boucicaut was famous for his marketing innovations; a reading room for husbands while their wives shopped; extensive newspaper advertising; entertainment for children; and six million catalogs sent out to customers. By 1880 half the employees were women; unmarried women employees lived in dormitories on the upper floors.

Q1: What store was founded in Paris, in 1838, which sold a wide variety of products? 
A1: Au Bon Marché
Q2: Who became a partner to this store in 1852 and drastically changed operations?
A2: Aristide Boucicaut
Q3: What was the change in profit to Au Bon Marche after these changes? 
A3: increased from 500,000 francs in 1852 to five million in 1860
Q4: What engineering company helped the store expand in 1872
A4: Gustave Eiffel
Q5: What was Boucicaut most widely known for? 
A5: marketing innovations
Brigham_Young_University (Philosophy and religion)

A number of BYU alumni have found success in professional sports, representing the University in 7 MLB World Series, 5 NBA Finals, and 25 NFL Super Bowls. In baseball, BYU alumni include All-Stars Rick Aguilera '83, Wally Joyner '84, and Jack Morris '76. Professional basketball players include three-time NBA champion Danny Ainge '81, 1952 NBA Rookie of the Year and 4-time NBA All-Star Mel Hutchins '51,[citation needed] three-time Olympic medalist and Hall of Famer Krešimir Ćosić '73, and consensus 2011 national college player of the year Jimmer Fredette '11, currently with the New York Knicks organization. BYU also claims notable professional football players including two-time NFL MVP and Super Bowl MVP and Pro Football Hall of Fame quarterback Steve Young '84 & J.D. '96, Heisman Trophy winner Ty Detmer '90, and two-time Super Bowl winner Jim McMahon. In golf, BYU alumni include two major championship winners: Johnny Miller ('69) at the 1973 U.S. Open and 1976 British Open and Mike Weir ('92) at the 2003 Masters.

Q1: Which three-time Olympic medalist and Hall of Famer graduated from BYU?
A1: Krešimir Ćosić
Q2: Which Heisman Trophy winner graduated from BYU?
A2: Ty Detmer
Q3: Which two-time Super Bowl winner graduated from BYU?
A3: Jim McMahon
Q4: Which winner of the 2003 Golf Masters graduated from BYU?
A4: Mike Weir
Q5: Which BYU graduate has won both the 1976 British Open and the 1973 U.S. Open?
A5: Johnny Miller
Dog (Natural sciences)

A number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids (theobromine poisoning), onion and garlic (thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning), grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol, as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials. The nicotine in tobacco can also be dangerous. Dogs can get it by scavenging in garbage or ashtrays; eating cigars and cigarettes. Signs can be vomiting of large amounts (e.g., from eating cigar butts) or diarrhea. Some other signs are abdominal pain, loss of coordination, collapse, or death. Dogs are highly susceptible to theobromine poisoning, typically from ingestion of chocolate. Theobromine is toxic to dogs because, although the dog's metabolism is capable of breaking down the chemical, the process is so slow that even small amounts of chocolate can be fatal, especially dark chocolate.

Q1: Some foods that are okay for people to eat are what to dogs?
A1: toxic
Q2: Grapes, raisins, onions, garlic and what common sugar alcohol (sweetener) is toxic to dogs?
A2: xylitol
Q3: What type of nut is poisonous to dogs?
A3: macadamia
Q4: What is the chemical in chocolate that is poisonous to dogs?
A4: theobromine
Q5: Some human foods can be what to dogs?
A5: toxic
Q6: What in tobacco can hurt dogs?
A6: nicotine
Q7: What form of chocolate is especially toxic to dogs?
A7: dark
Bern (Geography and places)

A number of congresses of the socialist First and Second Internationals were held in Bern, particularly during World War I when Switzerland was neutral; see Bern International.

Q1: What congresses were held in Bern?
A1: First and Second Internationals
Q2: In World War I, what side was Switzerland on?
A2: Switzerland was neutral
Somerset (Geography and places)

A number of decoy towns were constructed in Somerset in World War II to protect Bristol and other towns, at night. They were designed to mimic the geometry of "blacked out" streets, railway lines, and Bristol Temple Meads railway station, to encourage bombers away from these targets. One, on the radio beam flight path to Bristol, was constructed on Beacon Batch. It was laid out by Shepperton Studios, based on aerial photographs of the city's railway marshalling yards. The decoys were fitted with dim red lights, simulating activities like the stoking of steam locomotives. Burning bales of straw soaked in creosote were used to simulate the effects of incendiary bombs dropped by the first wave of Pathfinder night bombers; meanwhile, incendiary bombs dropped on the correct location were quickly smothered, wherever possible. Drums of oil were also ignited to simulate the effect of a blazing city or town, with the aim of fooling subsequent waves of bombers into dropping their bombs on the wrong location. The Chew Magna decoy town was hit by half-a-dozen bombs on 2 December 1940, and over a thousand incendiaries on 3 January 1941. The following night the Uphill decoy town, protecting Weston-super-Mare's airfield, was bombed; a herd of dairy cows was hit, killing some and severely injuring others.

Q1: Why were decoy towns used in WW2
A1: decoy towns were constructed in Somerset in World War II to protect Bristol and other towns, at night
Q2: What did the decoy towns mimic 
A2: mimic the geometry of "blacked out" streets, railway lines, and Bristol Temple Meads railway station, to encourage bombers away from these targets
Q3: Who layed out  Beacon Batch 
A3: Shepperton Studios, based on aerial photographs of the city's railway marshalling yards. The decoys were fitted with dim red lights
Q4: What decoy city was hit 
A4: The Chew Magna decoy town was hit by half-a-dozen bombs on 2 December 1940, and over a thousand incendiaries on 3 January 1941
Renewable_energy_commercialization (Engineering and technology)

A number of events in 2006 pushed renewable energy up the political agenda, including the US mid-term elections in November, which confirmed clean energy as a mainstream issue. Also in 2006, the Stern Review made a strong economic case for investing in low carbon technologies now, and argued that economic growth need not be incompatible with cutting energy consumption. According to a trend analysis from the United Nations Environment Programme, climate change concerns coupled with recent high oil prices and increasing government support are driving increasing rates of investment in the renewable energy and energy efficiency industries.

Q1: What made a strong economic case for investing in low carbon technologies?
A1: Stern Review
Q2: In what year did a number of events push renewable energy up the political agenda?
A2: 2006
Q3: What is driving increasing rates of investment in the renewable energy industry?
A3: climate change concerns coupled with recent high oil prices
Tuberculosis (Natural sciences)

A number of medications are being studied for multi drug resistant tuberculosis including: bedaquiline and delamanid. Bedaquiline received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in late 2012. The safety and effectiveness of these new agents are still uncertain, because they are based on the results of a relatively small studies. However, existing data suggest that patients taking bedaquiline in addition to standard TB therapy are five times more likely to die than those without the new drug, which has resulted in medical journal articles raising health policy questions about why the FDA approved the drug and whether financial ties to the company making bedaquiline influenced physicians' support for its use 

Q1: What drug in the running to treat multi drug resistant TB has already gotten FDA approval?
A1: Bedaquiline
Q2: What year did the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approve bedaquiline?
A2: 2012
Q3: Despite FDA approval, how much more likely to die are patients who take bedaquiline in addition to the standard TB regimen?
A3: five times
Q4: Opposition to the use of bedaquiline think what providers were influenced by a connection with the drug company?
A4: physicians
Q5: What type of publication has put out articles questioning bedaquiline's safety?
A5: medical journal
Pain (Language and literature)

A number of meta-analyses have found clinical hypnosis to be effective in controlling pain associated with diagnostic and surgical procedures in both adults and children, as well as pain associated with cancer and childbirth. A 2007 review of 13 studies found evidence for the efficacy of hypnosis in the reduction of chronic pain in some conditions, though the number of patients enrolled in the studies was low, bringing up issues of power to detect group differences, and most lacked credible controls for placebo and/or expectation. The authors concluded that "although the findings provide support for the general applicability of hypnosis in the treatment of chronic pain, considerably more research will be needed to fully determine the effects of hypnosis for different chronic-pain conditions."

Q1: Clinical hypnosis may be effective in doing what with pain associated with surgical procedures in adults and children?
A1: controlling
Q2: How many studies in 2007 found evidence for the efficacy of hypnosis in the reduction of chronic pain?
A2: 13
Q3: What did the studies regarding the effectiveness of hypnosis lack?
A3: credible controls for placebo and/or expectation
Q4: What is considerable more research needed to determine for different chronic pain conditions?
A4: effects of hypnosis
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

A number of modern movements or tendencies in Buddhism emerged during the second half of the 20th Century, including the Dalit Buddhist movement (also sometimes called 'neo-Buddhism'), Engaged Buddhism, and the further development of various Western Buddhist traditions.

Q1: When did a number of modern movement in Buddhism emerge?
A1: second half of the 20th Century
Q2: What is the Dalit buddhist movement sometimes called?
A2: neo-Buddhism
Presbyterianism (History)

A number of new Presbyterian Churches were founded by Scottish immigrants to England in the 19th century and later. Following the 'Disruption' in 1843 many of those linked to the Church of Scotland eventually joined what became the Presbyterian Church of England in 1876. Some, that is Crown Court (Covent Garden, London), St Andrew's (Stepney, London) and Swallow Street (London), did not join the English denomination, which is why there are Church of Scotland congregations in England such as those at Crown Court, and St Columba's, Pont Street (Knightsbridge) in London. There is also a congregation in the heart of London's financial district called London City Presbyterian Church that is also affiliated with Free Church of Scotland.

Q1: When was the earliest Presbyterian churches founded by Scotland in England?
A1: 19th century
Q2: In what year during the Presbyterian movement in England was referred to as the "Disruption"?
A2: 1843
Apollo (Philosophy and religion)

A number of non-Greek etymologies have been suggested for the name, The Hittite form Apaliunas (dx-ap-pa-li-u-na-aš) is attested in the Manapa-Tarhunta letter, perhaps related to Hurrian (and certainly the Etruscan) Aplu, a god of plague, in turn likely from Akkadian Aplu Enlil meaning simply "the son of Enlil", a title that was given to the god Nergal, who was linked to Shamash, Babylonian god of the sun. The role of Apollo as god of plague is evident in the invocation of Apollo Smintheus ("mouse Apollo") by Chryses, the Trojan priest of Apollo, with the purpose of sending a plague against the Greeks (the reasoning behind a god of the plague becoming a god of healing is of course apotropaic, meaning that the god responsible for bringing the plague must be appeased in order to remove the plague).

Q1: Who is a god of plague?
A1: Aplu
Q2: What is the meaning of Akkadia Apllu Enlil?
A2: the son of Enlil
Q3: What title was given to the god Nergal?
A3: Akkadian Aplu Enlil
Q4: Who was the Trojan priest of Apollo?
A4: Chryses
Age_of_Enlightenment (Philosophy and religion)

A number of novel ideas about religion developed with the Enlightenment, including Deism and talk of atheism. Deism, according to Thomas Paine, is the simple belief in God the Creator, with no reference to the Bible or any other miraculous source. Instead, the Deist relies solely on personal reason to guide his creed, which was eminently agreeable to many thinkers of the time. Atheism was much discussed, but there were few proponents. Wilson and Reill note that, "In fact, very few enlightened intellectuals, even when they were vocal critics of Christianity, were true atheists. Rather, they were critics of orthodox belief, wedded rather to skepticism, deism, vitalism, or perhaps pantheism." Some followed Pierre Bayle and argued that atheists could indeed be moral men. Many others like Voltaire held that without belief in a God who punishes evil, the moral order of society was undermined. That is, since atheists gave themselves to no Supreme Authority and no law, and had no fear of eternal consequences, they were far more likely to disrupt society. Bayle (1647–1706) observed that in his day, "prudent persons will always maintain an appearance of [religion].". He believed that even atheists could hold concepts of honor and go beyond their own self-interest to create and interact in society. Locke said that if there were no God and no divine law, the result would be moral anarchy: every individual "could have no law but his own will, no end but himself. He would be a god to himself, and the satisfaction of his own will the sole measure and end of all his actions".

Q1: According to Thomas Paine, what is the definition of Deism?
A1: the simple belief in God the Creator, with no reference to the Bible or any other miraculous source
Q2: Which philosopher argued that atheists could indeed be moral men?
A2: Pierre Bayle
Q3: Which philosopher argued that without belief in a God who punishes evil, the moral order of society was undermined?
A3: Voltaire
Q4: Who felt that since atheists gave themselves no Supreme Authority and no law, they were more likely to disrupt society?
A4: Voltaire
Asthma (Natural sciences)

A number of other health conditions occur more frequently in those with asthma, including gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), rhinosinusitis, and obstructive sleep apnea. Psychological disorders are also more common, with anxiety disorders occurring in between 16–52% and mood disorders in 14–41%. However, it is not known if asthma causes psychological problems or if psychological problems lead to asthma. Those with asthma, especially if it is poorly controlled, are at high risk for radiocontrast reactions.

Q1: Do other health concerns happen less frequently or more frequently with asthma?
A1: more frequently
Q2: What are three of the other health conditions that occur more frequently with asthma?
A2: gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), rhinosinusitis, and obstructive sleep apnea
Q3: What other type of disorders are frequent in asthma sufferers?
A3: Psychological disorders
Q4: What are those with asthma that is poorly controll more susceptable to? 
A4: radiocontrast reactions
Political_corruption (Social sciences and society)

A number of parties have collected survey data, from the public and from experts, to try and gauge the level of corruption and bribery, as well as its impact on political and economic outcomes. A second wave of corruption metrics has been created by Global Integrity, the International Budget Partnership, and many lesser known local groups. These metrics include the Global Integrity Index, first published in 2004. These second wave projects aim to create policy change by identifying resources more effectively and creating checklists toward incremental reform. Global Integrity and the International Budget Partnership each dispense with public surveys and instead uses in-country experts to evaluate "the opposite of corruption" – which Global Integrity defines as the public policies that prevent, discourage, or expose corruption. These approaches compliment the first wave, awareness-raising tools by giving governments facing public outcry a checklist which measures concrete steps toward improved governance.

Q1: A second set of corruption metrics has been compiled by Global Integrity and what other organization?
A1: International Budget Partnership
Q2: When was the Global Integrity Index first published?
A2: 2004
Q3: Both companies no longer use what means of collecting of data?
A3: public surveys
Q4: Instead of public surveys, the organizations use what to study corruption?
A4: in-country experts
Association_football (History)

A number of players may be replaced by substitutes during the course of the game. The maximum number of substitutions permitted in most competitive international and domestic league games is three, though the permitted number may vary in other competitions or in friendly matches. Common reasons for a substitution include injury, tiredness, ineffectiveness, a tactical switch, or timewasting at the end of a finely poised game. In standard adult matches, a player who has been substituted may not take further part in a match. IFAB recommends "that a match should not continue if there are fewer than seven players in either team." Any decision regarding points awarded for abandoned games is left to the individual football associations.

Q1: What is one who replaces a player during a game called?
A1: substitutes
Q2: What is the maximum number of substitutions during most professional games?
A2: three
Q3: Who decides on who's rewarded points for abandoned games?
A3: individual football associations