LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Brain (Natural sciences)

For vertebrates, the early stages of neural development are similar across all species. As the embryo transforms from a round blob of cells into a wormlike structure, a narrow strip of ectoderm running along the midline of the back is induced to become the neural plate, the precursor of the nervous system. The neural plate folds inward to form the neural groove, and then the lips that line the groove merge to enclose the neural tube, a hollow cord of cells with a fluid-filled ventricle at the center. At the front end, the ventricles and cord swell to form three vesicles that are the precursors of the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. At the next stage, the forebrain splits into two vesicles called the telencephalon (which will contain the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and related structures) and the diencephalon (which will contain the thalamus and hypothalamus). At about the same time, the hindbrain splits into the metencephalon (which will contain the cerebellum and pons) and the myelencephalon (which will contain the medulla oblongata). Each of these areas contains proliferative zones where neurons and glial cells are generated; the resulting cells then migrate, sometimes for long distances, to their final positions.

Q1: The precursor of the nervous system is called what in vertebrates?
A1: the neural plate
Q2: The neural groove is a hollow cord of cells with what in the center?
A2: fluid-filled ventricle
Q3: The forebrain splits during development into vesicles called what?
A3: telencephalon (which will contain the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and related structures) and the diencephalon
Q4: The vesicle that contains the cerebral cortex is which one?
A4: telencephalon
Q5: The thalamus and hypothalamus are contained in which vesicle?
A5: the diencephalon
Edmund_Burke (History)

For years Burke pursued impeachment efforts against Warren Hastings, formerly Governor-General of Bengal, that resulted in the trial during 1786. His interaction with the British dominion of India began well before Hastings' impeachment trial. For two decades prior to the impeachment, Parliament had dealt with the Indian issue. This trial was the pinnacle of years of unrest and deliberation. In 1781 Burke was first able to delve into the issues surrounding the East India Company when he was appointed Chairman of the Commons Select Committee on East Indian Affairs—from that point until the end of the trial; India was Burke's primary concern. This committee was charged "to investigate alleged injustices in Bengal, the war with Hyder Ali, and other Indian difficulties". While Burke and the committee focused their attention on these matters, a second 'secret' committee was formed to assess the same issues. Both committee reports were written by Burke. Among other purposes, the reports conveyed to the Indian princes that Britain would not wage war on them, along with demanding that the HEIC recall Hastings. This was Burke's first call for substantive change regarding imperial practices. When addressing the whole House of Commons regarding the committee report, Burke described the Indian issue as one that "began 'in commerce' but 'ended in empire.'"

Q1: When was Warren Hastings impeached?
A1: 1786
Q2: Where was Hastings formerly the governor?
A2: Bengal
Q3: How long before Hastings's trial had Britain been dealing with Indian unrest?
A3: two decades
Q4: What was Burke made chairman of in 1781?
A4: the Commons Select Committee on East Indian Affairs
Q5: When Burke said the Indian problems 'began in commerce', where did he say the problems ended in?
A5: empire
Beyoncé (Music)

Forbes magazine began reporting on Beyoncé's earnings in 2008, calculating that the $80 million earned between June 2007 to June 2008, for her music, tour, films and clothing line made her the world's best-paid music personality at the time, above Madonna and Celine Dion. They placed her fourth on the Celebrity 100 list in 2009 and ninth on the "Most Powerful Women in the World" list in 2010. The following year, Forbes placed her eighth on the "Best-Paid Celebrities Under 30" list, having earned $35 million in the past year for her clothing line and endorsement deals. In 2012, Forbes placed Beyoncé at number 16 on the Celebrity 100 list, twelve places lower than three years ago yet still having earned $40 million in the past year for her album 4, clothing line and endorsement deals. In the same year, Beyoncé and Jay Z placed at number one on the "World's Highest-Paid Celebrity Couples", for collectively earning $78 million. The couple made it into the previous year's Guinness World Records as the "highest-earning power couple" for collectively earning $122 million in 2009. For the years 2009 to 2011, Beyoncé earned an average of $70 million per year, and earned $40 million in 2012. In 2013, Beyoncé's endorsements of Pepsi and H&M made her and Jay Z the world's first billion dollar couple in the music industry. That year, Beyoncé was published as the fourth most-powerful celebrity in the Forbes rankings. MTV estimated that by the end of 2014, Beyoncé would become the highest-paid black musician in history; she succeeded to do so in April 2014. In June 2014, Beyoncé ranked at #1 on the Forbes Celebrity 100 list, earning an estimated $115 million throughout June 2013 – June 2014. This in turn was the first time she had topped the Celebrity 100 list as well as being her highest yearly earnings to date. As of May 2015, her net worth is estimated to be $250 million.

Q1: Beyonce beat out which musical artists for most paid between June 2007 and June 2008?
A1: Madonna and Celine Dion
Q2: Beyonce and Jay Z got a Guinness World record for what in 2009?
A2: highest-earning power couple
Q3: Beyonce became the highest-paid black musician in which year?
A3: 2014
Q4: Up until May of 2015, how much is Beyonce's total worth?
A4: 250 million
Q5: Between 2008 and 2009, which entertainers did Beyonce beat in earnings?
A5: Madonna and Celine Dion
Q6: In 2012 who placed Beyonce at 16 in the Celebrity List?
A6: Forbes
Q7: When did she and Jay Z become the highest paid black celebrity couple?
A7: 2011
Q8: How much did she earn in 2014?
A8: 115 million
Q9: What is Beyonce's net worth in 2015?
A9: 250 million
Q10: Who began reporting Beyoncé's annual earnings, starting in 2008?
A10: Forbes
Q11: When did Beyoncé become the highest paid black musician, ever?
A11: April 2014.
Q12: Who predicted that Beyoncé would become the highest paid black entertainer?
A12: MTV
Q13: When did Jay Z and Beyoncé become the first music couple worth over a billion dollars?
A13: 2013
American_Idol (Music)

Ford Motor Company and Coca-Cola were two of the first sponsors of American Idol in its first season. The sponsorship deal cost around $10 million in season one, rising to $35 million by season 7, and between $50 to $60 million in season 10. The third major sponsor AT&T Wireless joined in the second season but ended after season 12, and Coca-Cola officially ended its sponsorship after season 13 amidst the declining ratings of Idol in the mid-2010s. iTunes sponsored the show since season seven.

Q1: In which season did Coca-Cola become a sponsor of American Idol? 
A1: season one
Q2: In which season did Ford Motor Company become a sponsor of American Idol? 
A2: season one
Q3: Which mobile carrier became a sponsor of American Idol in its second season? 
A3: AT&T Wireless
Q4: When did Coca-Cola stop being a sponsor of American Idol? 
A4: after season 13
Q5: In which season did iTunes begin a partnership with American Idol? 
A5: seven
Q6: How much did it cost each company for the first season?
A6: 10 million
Q7: How much did it cost each company in season 7?
A7: 35 million
Q8: Who was the third largest sponsor?
A8: AT&T
Egypt (Geography and places)

Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Egypt increased considerably before the removal of Hosni Mubarak, exceeding $6 billion in 2006, due to economic liberalisation and privatisation measures taken by minister of investment Mahmoud Mohieddin.[citation needed] Since the fall of Hosni Mubarak in 2011, Egypt has experienced a drastic fall in both foreign investment and tourism revenues, followed by a 60% drop in foreign exchange reserves, a 3% drop in growth, and a rapid devaluation of the Egyptian pound.

Q1: How much had FDI increased to in 2006?
A1: $6 billion
Q2: Since 2011 direction has Forign direct investment gone?
A2: drastic fall
Q3: What has been the change in foreign exhange reserves since 2011?
A3: 60% drop
Q4: What has been the overall growth of economy since 2011?
A4: 3% drop
Armenia (History)

Foreign students' department for Armenian diaspora established in 1957 later was enlarged and the enrollment of foreign students began. Nowadays the YSMU is a Medical Institution corresponding to international requirements, trains medical staff for not only Armenia and neighbor countries, i.e. Iran, Syria, Lebanon, Georgia, but also many other leading countries all over the world. A great number of foreign students from India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, the USA and Russian Federation study together with Armenian students. Nowadays the university is ranked among famous higher Medical Institutions and takes its honorable place in the World Directory of Medical Schools published by the WHO.

Q1: Who is in charge of releasing the World Directory of Medical Schools?
A1: WHO
Q2: When was the foreign student department for Armenian diaspora created?
A2: 1957
Q3: Armenian students attend YMSU with foreign students from where?
A3: India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, the USA and Russian Federation
Hunter-gatherer (Natural sciences)

Forest gardening was also being used as a food production system in various parts of the world over this period. Forest gardens originated in prehistoric times along jungle-clad river banks and in the wet foothills of monsoon regions.[citation needed] In the gradual process of families improving their immediate environment, useful tree and vine species were identified, protected and improved, whilst undesirable species were eliminated. Eventually superior foreign species were selected and incorporated into the gardens.

Q1: In what kind of area did forest gardening start?
A1: jungle-clad river banks
Q2: In what other types of areas did forest gardening show up?
A2: foothills of monsoon regions
Q3: What kind of plant did these early gardeners seek out?
A3: tree and vine species
Q4: What use did forest gardeners put to tree and vines to?
A4: identified, protected and improved
Q5: What did these gardeners do about unwanted species?
A5: eliminated
Oklahoma (Geography and places)

Forests cover 24 percent of Oklahoma and prairie grasslands composed of shortgrass, mixed-grass, and tallgrass prairie, harbor expansive ecosystems in the state's central and western portions, although cropland has largely replaced native grasses. Where rainfall is sparse in the western regions of the state, shortgrass prairie and shrublands are the most prominent ecosystems, though pinyon pines, red cedar (junipers), and ponderosa pines grow near rivers and creek beds in the far western reaches of the panhandle. Southwestern Oklahoma contains many rare, disjunct species including sugar maple, bigtooth maple, nolina and southern live oak.

Q1: How much of Oklahoma is covered in forests?
A1: 24 percent
Q2: What types of prairie grasslands does Oklahoma have?
A2: shortgrass, mixed-grass, and tallgrass prairie
Q3: What part of Oklahoma has low rainfall?
A3: western
Q4: What types of trees grow near rivers in western Oklahoma?
A4: pinyon pines, red cedar (junipers), and ponderosa pines
Q5: What rare types of maples grow in southwest Oklahoma?
A5: sugar maple, bigtooth maple
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses (Philosophy and religion)

Formal discipline is administered by congregation elders. When a baptized member is accused of committing a serious sin—usually cases of sexual misconduct or charges of apostasy for disputing Jehovah's Witness doctrines—a judicial committee is formed to determine guilt, provide help and possibly administer discipline. Disfellowshipping, a form of shunning, is the strongest form of discipline, administered to an offender deemed unrepentant. Contact with disfellowshipped individuals is limited to direct family members living in the same home, and with congregation elders who may invite disfellowshipped persons to apply for reinstatement; formal business dealings may continue if contractually or financially obliged. Witnesses are taught that avoiding social and spiritual interaction with disfellowshipped individuals keeps the congregation free from immoral influence and that "losing precious fellowship with loved ones may help [the shunned individual] to come 'to his senses,' see the seriousness of his wrong, and take steps to return to Jehovah." The practice of shunning may also serve to deter other members from dissident behavior. Members who disassociate (formally resign) are described in Watch Tower Society literature as wicked and are also shunned. Expelled individuals may eventually be reinstated to the congregation if deemed repentant by elders in the congregation in which the disfellowshipping was enforced. Reproof is a lesser form of discipline given formally by a judicial committee to a baptized Witness who is considered repentant of serious sin; the reproved person temporarily loses conspicuous privileges of service, but suffers no restriction of social or spiritual fellowship. Marking, a curtailing of social but not spiritual fellowship, is practiced if a baptized member persists in a course of action regarded as a violation of Bible principles but not a serious sin.[note 4]

Q1: Who administers formal discipline?
A1: congregation elders
Q2: What is formed when a baptized member is accused of doing something serious enough for Jehovah Witnesses to take notice?
A2: a judicial committee
Q3: What is the strongest form of discipline the Jehovah Witnesses' judicial committee can render?
A3: Disfellowshipping
Q4: What are Jehovah Witnesses taught that avoiding social and spiritual interaction with disfellowshipped individuals does?
A4: keeps the congregation free from immoral influence
Q5: What do Jehovah Witnesses describe anyone who formally resign from the church as?
A5: wicked
Education (Philosophy and religion)

Formal education occurs in a structured environment whose explicit purpose is teaching students. Usually, formal education takes place in a school environment with classrooms of multiple students learning together with a trained, certified teacher of the subject. Most school systems are designed around a set of values or ideals that govern all educational choices in that system. Such choices include curriculum, organizational models, design of the physical learning spaces (e.g. classrooms), student-teacher interactions, methods of assessment, class size, educational activities, and more.

Q1: Where does formal education take place?
A1: school environment
Q2: What are some of the sets or ideals most school systems follow?
A2: student-teacher interactions, methods of assessment, class size,
Q3: Who guides the students in a formal environment?
A3: certified teacher
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

Formal membership varies between communities, but basic lay adherence is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha), and the Sangha (the Buddhist community). At the present time, the teachings of all three branches of Buddhism have spread throughout the world, and Buddhist texts are increasingly translated into local languages. While in the West Buddhism is often seen as exotic and progressive, in the East it is regarded as familiar and traditional. Buddhists in Asia are frequently well organized and well funded. In countries such as Cambodia and Bhutan, it is recognized as the state religion and receives government support. Modern influences increasingly lead to new forms of Buddhism that significantly depart from traditional beliefs and practices.

Q1: What is the Dharma?
A1: the teachings of the Buddha
Q2: What is the Sangha?
A2: the Buddhist community
Q3: West Buddhism is often seen as exotic and what?
A3: progressive
Q4: New forms of Buddhism are created because of what reason?
A4: Modern influences
John_von_Neumann (Mathematics)

Formal schooling did not start in Hungary until the age of ten. Instead, governesses taught von Neumann, his brothers and his cousins. Max believed that knowledge of languages other than Hungarian was essential, so the children were tutored in English, French, German and Italian. By the age of 8, von Neumann was familiar with differential and integral calculus, but he was particularly interested in history, reading his way through Wilhelm Oncken's Allgemeine Geschichte in Einzeldarstellungen. A copy was contained in a private library Max purchased. One of the rooms in the apartment was converted into a library and reading room, with bookshelves from ceiling to floor.

Q1: At what age did schooling begin in Hungary?
A1: ten
Q2: Who taught children before they began school in Hungary?
A2: governesses
Q3: What languages were Von Neumann and his siblings taught?
A3: English, French, German and Italian
Q4: At what age was Von Neumann familiar with calculus?
A4: 8
Database (Engineering and technology)

Formally, a "database" refers to a set of related data and the way it is organized. Access to these data is usually provided by a "database management system" (DBMS) consisting of an integrated set of computer software that allows users to interact with one or more databases and provides access to all of the data contained in the database (although restrictions may exist that limit access to particular data). The DBMS provides various functions that allow entry, storage and retrieval of large quantities of information and provides ways to manage how that information is organized.

Q1: How is data accessed?
A1: by a "database management system" (DBMS)
Q2: A DBMS consists of what?
A2: an integrated set of computer software
Q3: How much data can a DBMS store?
A3: large quantities
Everton_F.C. (History)

Formed in 1878, Everton were founding members of The Football League in 1888 and won their first league championship two seasons later. Following four league titles and two FA Cup wins, Everton experienced a lull in the immediate post World War Two period until a revival in the 1960s which saw the club win two league championships and an FA Cup. The mid-1980s represented their most recent period of sustained success, with two League Championship successes, an FA Cup, and the 1985 European Cup Winners' Cup. The club's most recent major trophy was the 1995 FA Cup. The club's supporters are known as Evertonians.

Q1: When was the Everton club founded?
A1: 1878
Q2: In what decade did Everton experience a revival?
A2: 1960s
Q3: How many league championships did Everton win in the 1960s?
A3: two
Q4: When was Everton's most recent trophy awarded?
A4: 1995
Q5: What nickname is used for Everton's club supporters?
A5: Evertonians
Slavs (History)

Former Soviet states, as well as countries that used to be satellite states or territories of the Warsaw Pact, have numerous minority Slavic populations, many of whom are originally from the Russian SFSR, Ukrainian SSR and Byelorussian SSR. As of now, Kazakhstan has the largest Slavic minority population with most being Russians (Ukrainians, Belarusians and Poles are present as well but in much smaller numbers).

Q1: Many Slavic populations that were part of the Warsaw Pact are originally from where?
A1: the Russian SFSR, Ukrainian SSR and Byelorussian SSR
Q2: What is the largest Slavic minority?
A2: Russians
Q3: Where is the largest Slavic minority located?
A3: Kazakhstan
Q4: What other Slavic minorities are in Kazakhstan?
A4: Ukrainians, Belarusians and Poles
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses (Philosophy and religion)

Former members Heather and Gary Botting compare the cultural paradigms of the religion to George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four, and Alan Rogerson describes the religion's leadership as totalitarian. Other critics charge that by disparaging individual decision-making, the religion's leaders cultivate a system of unquestioning obedience in which Witnesses abrogate all responsibility and rights over their personal lives. Critics also accuse the religion's leaders of exercising "intellectual dominance" over Witnesses, controlling information and creating "mental isolation", which former Governing Body member Raymond Franz argued were all elements of mind control.

Q1: What do former Jehovah's Witnesses members Heath and Gary Botting compare the culture of the religion to?
A1: Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four
Q2: Who describes the Jehovah's Witnesses' leadership as being totalitarian? 
A2: Alan Rogerson
Q3: How do the leaders of the Jehovah's Witnesses cultivate a system of unquestioning obedience?
A3: disparaging individual decision-making
Q4: What do critics of the Jehovah's Witnesses accuse the religion's leaders of exercising over members?
A4: "intellectual dominance"
Q5: What did former Governing Body member Raymond Franz argue the methods employed by the religion were all elements of?
A5: mind control
Buckingham_Palace (Art and architecture)

Formerly, men not wearing military uniform wore knee breeches of an 18th-century design. Women's evening dress included obligatory trains and tiaras or feathers in their hair (or both). The dress code governing formal court uniform and dress has progressively relaxed. After World War I, when Queen Mary wished to follow fashion by raising her skirts a few inches from the ground, she requested a lady-in-waiting to shorten her own skirt first to gauge the king's reaction. King George V was horrified, so the queen kept her hemline unfashionably low. Following their accession in 1936, King George VI and his consort, Queen Elizabeth, allowed the hemline of daytime skirts to rise. Today, there is no official dress code. Most men invited to Buckingham Palace in the daytime choose to wear service uniform or lounge suits; a minority wear morning coats, and in the evening, depending on the formality of the occasion, black tie or white tie.

Q1: What is the official dress code today at Buckingham Palace?
A1: there is no official dress code
Q2: Which Queen tried and failed to raise the hemline of her dress after WWI?
A2: Queen Mary
Q3: Which King was horrified to see the Queen's hemline raised a few inches?
A3: King George V
Q4: The hemline of daytime skirts were allowed to rise after which year?
A4: 1936
Q5: The knee breeches men formerly wore to the palace were of what era's design?
A5: 18th-century design
Q6: From what century were men's knee breeches worn at Buckingham designed in?
A6: 18th-century design
Q7: What were women obliged to wear in their hair?
A7: tiaras or feathers
Q8: Which queen wanted to shorten her skirt's hemline?
A8: Queen Mary
Q9: Which King was horrified to see the raised hemline on the Queen?
A9: George V
Q10: What is the dress code today at Buckingham?
A10: there is no official dress code
Political_corruption (Social sciences and society)

Forms of corruption vary, but include bribery, extortion, cronyism, nepotism, gombeenism, parochialism patronage, influence peddling, graft, and embezzlement. Corruption may facilitate criminal enterprise such as drug trafficking, money laundering, and human trafficking, though is not restricted to these activities. Misuse of government power for other purposes, such as repression of political opponents and general police brutality, is also considered political corruption.

Q1: One form of corruption involves the hiring of family members, which is called what?
A1: nepotism
Q2: Another form of corruption, the practice of usury, is called what?
A2: gombeenism
Q3: Three forms of corruption that can promote criminal activities include drugs, money laundering, and what?
A3: human trafficking
Q4: The repression of what is also considered political corruption?
A4: political opponents