LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
New_York_City (Geography and places)

Approximately 37% of the city's population is foreign born. In New York, no single country or region of origin dominates. The ten largest sources of foreign-born individuals in the city as of 2011 were the Dominican Republic, China, Mexico, Guyana, Jamaica, Ecuador, Haiti, India, Russia, and Trinidad and Tobago, while the Bangladeshi immigrant population has since become one of the fastest growing in the city, counting over 74,000 by 2013.

Q1: What percentage of the population was born outside the United States?
A1: 37%
Q2: From what country did the largest number of foreign-born immigrants originate as of 2011?
A2: Dominican Republic
Q3: About how many immigrants from Bangladesh lived in the city in 2013?
A3: 74,000
Q4: What country was the second largest source of foreign-born New Yorkers in 2011?
A4: China
Q5: What percentage of the population of NYC was born in another country?
A5: 37
Montana (Geography and places)

Approximately 66,000 people of Native American heritage live in Montana. Stemming from multiple treaties and federal legislation, including the Indian Appropriations Act (1851), the Dawes Act (1887), and the Indian Reorganization Act (1934), seven Indian reservations, encompassing eleven tribal nations, were created in Montana. A twelfth nation, the Little Shell Chippewa is a "landless" people headquartered in Great Falls, recognized by the state of Montana but not by the U.S. Government. The Blackfeet nation is headquartered on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation (1851) in Browning, Crow on the Crow Indian Reservation (1851) in Crow Agency, Confederated Salish and Kootenai and Pend d'Oreille on the Flathead Indian Reservation (1855) in Pablo, Northern Cheyenne on the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation (1884) at Lame Deer, Assiniboine and Gros Ventre on the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation (1888) in Fort Belknap Agency, Assiniboine and Sioux on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation (1888) at Poplar, and Chippewa-Cree on the Rocky Boy's Indian Reservation (1916) near Box Elder. Approximately 63% of all Native people live off the reservations, concentrated in the larger Montana cities with the largest concentration of urban Indians in Great Falls. The state also has a small Métis population, and 1990 census data indicated that people from as many as 275 different tribes lived in Montana.

Q1: About how many Native Americans live in Montana?
A1: Approximately 66,000
Q2: When was the Indian Appropriations Act passed?
A2: 1851
Q3: What year was the Dawes act passed?
A3: 1887
Q4: Where are the Little Shell Chippewa headquartered?
A4: Great Falls
Q5: About what percentage of the Native Americans in Montana live off the reservation?
A5: 63%
Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas (History)

Approximately 96.4% of Ecuador's Indigenous population are Highland Quichuas living in the valleys of the Sierra region. Primarily consisting of the descendents of Incans, they are Kichwa speakers and include the Caranqui, the Otavalos, the Cayambi, the Quitu-Caras, the Panzaleo, the Chimbuelo, the Salasacan, the Tugua, the Puruhá, the Cañari, and the Saraguro. Linguistic evidence suggests that the Salascan and the Saraguro may have been the descendants of Bolivian ethnic groups transplanted to Ecuador as mitimaes.

Q1: What percentage of Ecuador's indigenous population are Highland Quichuas?
A1: 96.4%
Q2: Where do the Highland Quichuas live?
A2: valleys of the Sierra region
Q3: Who are the Highland Quichuas primarily descended from?
A3: Inca
Q4: What language do the Highland Quichuas speak?
A4: Kichwa
Q5: The Saraguro and Panzaleo are two of the member groups of what population?
A5: Highland Quichuas
East_Prussia (History)

Approximately one-third of East Prussia's population died in the plague and famine of 1709–1711, including the last speakers of Old Prussian. The plague, probably brought by foreign troops during the Great Northern War, killed 250,000 East Prussians, especially in the province's eastern regions. Crown Prince Frederick William I led the rebuilding of East Prussia, founding numerous towns. Thousands of Protestants expelled from the Archbishopric of Salzburg were allowed to settle in depleted East Prussia. The province was overrun by Imperial Russian troops during the Seven Years' War.

Q1: What wiped out one third of East Prussia's population during the early 1700's?
A1: the plague and famine
Q2: What was lost in Prussia's history during the Plague?
A2: speakers of Old Prussian
Q3: What military overran much of East Prussia?
A3: Russian troops
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

Approximately six hundred Mahayana sutras have survived in Sanskrit or in Chinese or Tibetan translations. In addition, East Asian Buddhism recognizes some sutras regarded by scholars as of Chinese rather than Indian origin.

Q1: How many Mahayana sutras have survivied in Sanskrit or in Chinese or Tibetan translations?
A1: six hundred
Q2: What buddhism recognizes sutras of Chinese origin?
A2: East Asian Buddhism
Israel (History)

Arab nationalists led by Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser refused to recognize Israel, and called for its destruction. By 1966, Israeli-Arab relations had deteriorated to the point of actual battles taking place between Israeli and Arab forces. In May 1967, Egypt massed its army near the border with Israel, expelled UN peacekeepers, stationed in the Sinai Peninsula since 1957, and blocked Israel's access to the Red Sea[citation needed]. Other Arab states mobilized their forces. Israel reiterated that these actions were a casus belli. On 5 June 1967, Israel launched a pre-emptive strike against Egypt. Jordan, Syria and Iraq responded and attacked Israel. In a Six-Day War, Israel defeated Jordan and captured the West Bank, defeated Egypt and captured the Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsula, and defeated Syria and captured the Golan Heights. Jerusalem's boundaries were enlarged, incorporating East Jerusalem, and the 1949 Green Line became the administrative boundary between Israel and the occupied territories.

Q1: Who refused toe recognize Israel?
A1: Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser
Q2: When did Egypt mass it's army near the border with Israel?
A2: 1967
Q3: What became the administrative boundary between Israel and occupied territories?
A3: Green Line
Sahara (Geography and places)

Arabic dialects are the most widely spoken languages in the Sahara. The live in the Red Sea Hills of southeastern Egypt and eastern Sudan. Arabic, Berber and its variants now regrouped under the term Amazigh (which includes the Guanche language spoken by the original Berber inhabitants of the Canary Islands) and Beja languages are part of the Afro-Asiatic or Hamito-Semitic family.[citation needed] Unlike neighboring West Africa and the central governments of the states that comprise the Sahara, the French language bears little relevance to inter-personal discourse and commerce within the region, its people retaining staunch ethnic and political affiliations with Tuareg and Berber leaders and culture. The legacy of the French colonial era administration is primarily manifested in the territorial reorganization enacted by the Third and Fourth republics, which engendered artificial political divisions within a hitherto isolated and porous region. Diplomacy with local clients was primarily conducted in Arabic, which was the traditional language of bureaucratic affairs. Mediation of disputes and inter-agency communication was served by interpreters contracted by the French government, who, according to Keenan, "documented a space of intercultural mediation," contributing much to preserving indigenous cultural identities in the region.

Q1: What is the most common dialect spoken in the Sahara?
A1: Arabic
Q2: What language is mainly spoken in West Africa?
A2: French
Q3: What was the traditional language of Bureaucratic affairs?
A3: Arabic
Translation (Language and literature)

Arabic translation efforts and techniques are important to Western translation traditions due to centuries of close contacts and exchanges. Especially after the Renaissance, Europeans began more intensive study of Arabic and Persian translations of classical works as well as scientific and philosophical works of Arab and oriental origins. Arabic and, to a lesser degree, Persian became important sources of material and perhaps of techniques for revitalized Western traditions, which in time would overtake the Islamic and oriental traditions.

Q1: Why are Arabic translation efforts important to Western translation traditions?
A1: centuries of close contacts and exchanges
Q2: When did Europeans begin more intense studying of Arabic translations of classical works?
A2: after the Renaissance
Q3: What did Arabic, and to a less extent Persian, become to Europeans?
A3: important sources of material
Q4: What helped revitalize Western translation traditions from Arabic?
A4: techniques
Q5: What would Western traditions eventually do?
A5: overtake the Islamic and oriental traditions
Nanjing (Geography and places)

Archaeological discovery shows that "Nanjing Man" lived in more than 500 thousand years ago. Zun, a kind of wine vessel, was found to exist in Beiyinyangying culture of Nanjing in about 5000 years ago. In the late period of Shang dynasty, Taibo of Zhou came to Jiangnan and established Wu state, and the first stop is in Nanjing area according to some historians based on discoveries in Taowu and Hushu culture. According to legend,[which?] Fuchai, King of the State of Wu, founded a fort named Yecheng (冶城) in today's Nanjing area in 495 BC. Later in 473 BC, the State of Yue conquered Wu and constructed the fort of Yuecheng (越城) on the outskirts of the present-day Zhonghua Gate. In 333 BC, after eliminating the State of Yue, the State of Chu built Jinling Yi (金陵邑) in the western part of present-day Nanjing. It was renamed Moling (秣陵) during reign of Qin Shi Huang. Since then, the city experienced destruction and renewal many times.[citation needed] The area was successively part of Kuaiji, Zhang and Danyang prefectures in Qin and Han dynasty, and part of Yangzhou region which was established as the nation's 13 supervisory and administrative regions in the 5th year of Yuanfeng in Han dynasty (106 BC). Nanjing was later the capital city of Danyang Prefecture, and had been the capital city of Yangzhou for about 400 years from late Han to early Tang.

Q1: How long ago did "Nanjing Man" live?
A1: more than 500 thousand years ago
Q2: What vessel was found 5000 years ago?
A2: Zun, a kind of wine vessel
Q3: When was the the fort of Yuecheng built?
A3: 473 BC
Q4: How long had Nanjing been the capital city of Yangzhou?
A4: about 400 years
Q5: When was the Wu state created?
A5: the late period of Shang dynasty
Myanmar (Geography and places)

Archaeological evidence shows that Homo erectus lived in the region now known as Myanmar as early as 400,000 years ago. The first evidence of Homo sapiens is dated to about 11,000 BC, in a Stone Age culture called the Anyathian with discoveries of stone tools in central Myanmar. Evidence of neolithic age domestication of plants and animals and the use of polished stone tools dating to sometime between 10,000 and 6,000 BC has been discovered in the form of cave paintings near the city of Taunggyi.

Q1: What extinct species of hominid that lived throughout most of the Pleistocene geological period is believed to have dwelled in Myanmar?
A1: Homo erectus
Q2: When was the extinct species believed to have lived in Myanmar?
A2: 400,000 years ago
Q3: What is the name of the civilization that is believed to be one of the oldest. 
A3: Anyathian
Q4: Did any other ancient cultures also leave behind evidence of existence in Myanmar?
A4: neolithic age domestication of plants and animals and the use of polished stone tools dating to sometime between 10,000 and 6,000 BC has been discovered
Q5: What form was the evidence of ancient cultures discovered in ?
A5: discovered in the form of cave paintings
Southampton (Geography and places)

Archaeological finds suggest that the area has been inhabited since the stone age. Following the Roman invasion of Britain in AD 43 and the conquering of the local Britons in 70 AD the fortress settlement of Clausentum was established. It was an important trading port and defensive outpost of Winchester, at the site of modern Bitterne Manor. Clausentum was defended by a wall and two ditches and is thought to have contained a bath house. Clausentum was not abandoned until around 410.

Q1: What year did the Romans invade Britain?
A1: AD 43
Q2: What ancient settlement was established after Rome invaded and the Britons were conquered?
A2: Clausentum
Q3: According to evidence found, in what archaeological age were there first inhabitants in the area of Southampton?
A3: stone age
Q4: What is the site of Clausentum called now?
A4: Bitterne Manor
Q5: In addition to two ditches, what was Clausentum's defense from invaders?
A5: a wall
Hunting (Sports and recreation)

Archaeologist Louis Binford criticised the idea that early hominids and early humans were hunters. On the basis of the analysis of the skeletal remains of the consumed animals, he concluded that hominids and early humans were mostly scavengers, not hunters, and this idea is popular among some archaeologists and paleoanthropologists. Robert Blumenschine proposed the idea of confrontational scavenging, which involves challenging and scaring off other predators after they have made a kill, which he suggests could have been the leading method of obtaining protein-rich meat by early humans.

Q1: What is Louis Binford's profession?
A1: Archaeologist
Q2: What idea did Binford take issue with?
A2: that early hominids and early humans were hunters
Q3: What did Binford conclude humans were instead of hunters?
A3: scavengers
Q4: What idea did Blumenschine propose?
A4: idea of confrontational scavenging
Q5: What does confrontational scavenging involve doing to other predators after they've made a kill?
A5: challenging and scaring off
Q6: Who is the archaeologist that does not believe early humans were hunters?
A6: Louis Binford
Q7: Louis Binford concluded what based on skeletal remains of consumed animals?
A7: hominids and early humans were mostly scavengers
Q8: What did Robert Blumenschine propose?
A8: confrontational scavenging
Q9: Louis Binford's idea is popular among whom?
A9: archaeologists and paleoanthropologists
Q10: Confrontational scavenging involves doing what to other predators?
A10: challenging and scaring off
Hyderabad (Geography and places)

Archaeologists excavating near the city have unearthed Iron Age sites that may date from 500 BCE. The region comprising modern Hyderabad and its surroundings was known as Golkonda (Golla Konda-"shepherd's hill"), and was ruled by the Chalukya dynasty from 624 CE to 1075 CE. Following the dissolution of the Chalukya empire into four parts in the 11th century, Golkonda came under the control of the Kakatiya dynasty from 1158, whose seat of power was at Warangal, 148 km (92 mi) northeast of modern Hyderabad.

Q1: There may be Iron Age findings near Hyderabad, what age are they thought to be from?
A1: 500 BCE
Q2: What was the Hyderabad region known as under the Chalukya dynasty?
A2: Golkonda (Golla Konda-"shepherd's hill")
Q3: What time period did the Chalukya dynasty rule the Hyderabad region?
A3: 624 CE to 1075 CE
Q4: When did the Calukya empire split into four?
A4: the 11th century
Q5: What was the capital of Golkonda in the mid 12th century?
A5: Warangal
Religion_in_ancient_Rome (History)

Archaeology confirms the widespread use of binding spells (defixiones), magical papyri and so-called "voodoo dolls" from a very early era. Around 250 defixiones have been recovered just from Roman Britain, in both urban and rural settings. Some seek straightforward, usually gruesome revenge, often for a lover's offense or rejection. Others appeal for divine redress of wrongs, in terms familiar to any Roman magistrate, and promise a portion of the value (usually small) of lost or stolen property in return for its restoration. None of these defixiones seem produced by, or on behalf of the elite, who had more immediate recourse to human law and justice. Similar traditions existed throughout the empire, persisting until around the 7th century AD, well into the Christian era.

Q1: What science has confirmed the existence of magic use from early times?
A1: Archaeology
Q2: What was the term for binding spells in the Roman world?
A2: defixiones
Q3: What did the elite use instead of spells and potions to redress a wrong?
A3: law and justice
Q4: Until what era did spells persist in the empire?
A4: 7th century AD
Q5: What era produced a decline in the use of spells?
A5: Christian era
Anthropology (Social sciences and society)

Archaeology is the study of the human past through its material remains. Artifacts, faunal remains, and human altered landscapes are evidence of the cultural and material lives of past societies. Archaeologists examine these material remains in order to deduce patterns of past human behavior and cultural practices. Ethnoarchaeology is a type of archaeology that studies the practices and material remains of living human groups in order to gain a better understanding of the evidence left behind by past human groups, who are presumed to have lived in similar ways.

Q1: What field studies human's past through material remains?
A1: Archaeology
Q2: What are artifacts, faunal remains and human altered landscapes the evidence of?
A2: cultural and material lives of past societies
Q3: What can archaeologists deduce from material remains?
A3: human behavior and cultural practices
Q4: What do Ethnoarchaeologists gain a better understanding of by studying living human groups?
A4: past human groups
Q5: How are long dead human groups presumed to have lived and behaved as compared to still living populations?
A5: in similar ways
Architecture (Art and architecture)

Architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright developed Organic architecture, in which the form was defined by its environment and purpose, with an aim to promote harmony between human habitation and the natural world with prime examples being Robie House and Fallingwater.

Q1: Who was instrumental in creating Organic architecture?
A1: Frank Lloyd Wright
Q2: What are two of Wright's designs?
A2: Robie House and Fallingwater
Q3: What was Wright's intention regarding humans and nature?
A3: to promote harmony
Architecture (Art and architecture)

Architects such as Mies van der Rohe, Philip Johnson and Marcel Breuer worked to create beauty based on the inherent qualities of building materials and modern construction techniques, trading traditional historic forms for simplified geometric forms, celebrating the new means and methods made possible by the Industrial Revolution, including steel-frame construction, which gave birth to high-rise superstructures. By mid-century, Modernism had morphed into the International Style, an aesthetic epitomized in many ways by the Twin Towers of New York's World Trade Center designed by Minoru Yamasaki.

Q1: What made it possible to design architecture through new means and methods?
A1: the Industrial Revolution
Q2: What new type of construction allowed the making of skyscrapers?
A2: steel-frame construction
Q3: What style came after Modernism?
A3: International Style
Q4: What is an example of International Style?
A4: Twin Towers
Q5: Who designed the Twin Towers?
A5: Minoru Yamasaki
Richmond,_Virginia (Geography and places)

Architectural classicism is heavily represented in all districts of the city, particularly in Downtown, the Fan, and the Museum District. Several notable classical architects have designed buildings in Richmond. The Virginia State Capitol was designed by Thomas Jefferson and Charles-Louis Clérisseau in 1785. It is the second-oldest US statehouse in continuous use (after Maryland's) and was the first US government building built in the neo-classical style of architecture, setting the trend for other state houses and the federal government buildings (including the White House and The Capitol) in Washington, D.C. Robert Mills designed Monumental Church on Broad Street. Adjoining it is the 1845 Egyptian Building, one of the few Egyptian Revival buildings in the United States.

Q1: What state has the oldest capital building used continuously since it was built?
A1: Maryland
Q2: What architectural style was used to design the Virginia State Capitol?
A2: neo-classical
Q3: What notable federal government buildings were designed in the neoclassical style?
A3: White House and The Capitol
Q4: What is the architectural style of the 1845 Egyptian Building?
A4: Egyptian Revival
Q5: Who were the designers of the Virginia State Capitol?
A5: Thomas Jefferson and Charles-Louis Clérisseau
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects (Art and architecture)

Architectural design competitions are used by an organisation that plans to build a new building or refurbish an existing building. They can be used for buildings, engineering work, structures, landscape design projects or public realm artworks. A competition typically asks for architects and/or designers to submit a design proposal in response to a given Brief. The winning design will then be selected by an independent jury panel of design professionals and client representatives. The independence of the jury is vital to the fair conduct of a competition.

Q1: What are events that a company can sponsor when it is planning a new construction project or redesigning an existing one?
A1: Architectural design competitions
Q2: What is provided to guide entrants in an architectural competition?
A2: Brief
Q3: What kinds of people generally make up the panels which judge architecture competitions?
A3: design professionals and client representatives
Q4: What is necessary for the integrity of a design competition?
A4: independence of the jury
Q5: What kind of artistic production can be supported by design competitions?
A5: public realm artworks
Cubism (Art and architecture)

Architectural interest in Cubism centered on the dissolution and reconstitution of three-dimensional form, using simple geometric shapes, juxtaposed without the illusions of classical perspective. Diverse elements could be superimposed, made transparent or penetrate one another, while retaining their spatial relationships. Cubism had become an influential factor in the development of modern architecture from 1912 (La Maison Cubiste, by Raymond Duchamp-Villon and André Mare) onwards, developing in parallel with architects such as Peter Behrens and Walter Gropius, with the simplification of building design, the use of materials appropriate to industrial production, and the increased use of glass.

Q1: In Cubism what was architechtural interested base on?
A1: the dissolution and reconstitution of three-dimensional form
Q2: Who said that Cubism was becoming an influetial aspect in modern architecture ? 
A2: Raymond Duchamp-Villon and André Mare
Q3: Increased use of what material marked Cubism influence in architecture?
A3: glass
University_of_Notre_Dame (Geography and places)

Architecturally, the school has a Catholic character. Atop the Main Building's gold dome is a golden statue of the Virgin Mary. Immediately in front of the Main Building and facing it, is a copper statue of Christ with arms upraised with the legend "Venite Ad Me Omnes". Next to the Main Building is the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. Immediately behind the basilica is the Grotto, a Marian place of prayer and reflection. It is a replica of the grotto at Lourdes, France where the Virgin Mary reputedly appeared to Saint Bernadette Soubirous in 1858. At the end of the main drive (and in a direct line that connects through 3 statues and the Gold Dome), is a simple, modern stone statue of Mary.

Q1: What sits on top of the Main Building at Notre Dame?
A1: a golden statue of the Virgin Mary
Q2: What is in front of the Notre Dame Main Building?
A2: a copper statue of Christ
Q3: The Basilica of the Sacred heart at Notre Dame is beside to which structure?
A3: the Main Building
Q4: What is the Grotto at Notre Dame?
A4: a Marian place of prayer and reflection
Q5: To whom did the Virgin Mary allegedly appear in 1858 in Lourdes France?
A5: Saint Bernadette Soubirous