LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Software_testing (Engineering and technology)

Specification-based testing aims to test the functionality of software according to the applicable requirements. This level of testing usually requires thorough test cases to be provided to the tester, who then can simply verify that for a given input, the output value (or behavior), either "is" or "is not" the same as the expected value specified in the test case. Test cases are built around specifications and requirements, i.e., what the application is supposed to do. It uses external descriptions of the software, including specifications, requirements, and designs to derive test cases. These tests can be functional or non-functional, though usually functional.

Q1: What term is used to test functionality of the software accordingly with the application requirements?
A1: Specification-based testing
Q2: What are the test cases built around?
A2: specifications and requirements
Q3: When building test cases which of the two methods used is more common over the other?
A3: functional
Spectre_(2015_film) (Media and drama)

Spectre (2015) is the twenty-fourth James Bond film produced by Eon Productions. It features Daniel Craig in his fourth performance as James Bond, and Christoph Waltz as Ernst Stavro Blofeld, with the film marking the character's re-introduction into the series. It was directed by Sam Mendes as his second James Bond film following Skyfall, and was written by John Logan, Neal Purvis, Robert Wade and Jez Butterworth. It is distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Columbia Pictures. With a budget around $245 million, it is the most expensive Bond film and one of the most expensive films ever made.

Q1: Which company made Spectre?
A1: Eon Productions
Q2: Who is the star of Spectre?
A2: Daniel Craig
Q3: What role does Daniel Craig play in Spectre?
A3: James Bond
Q4: What 007 movie did Sam Mendes previously direct?
A4: Skyfall
Q5: How much money did it take to make Spectre?
A5: $245
Q6: How many James Bond films has Eon Productions produced?
A6: twenty-four
Q7: Which Bond film was the most expensive ever made?
A7: Spectre
Q8: How many films has Daniel Craig appeared in as James Bond?
A8: four
Q9: Which two movie studios distributed the James Bond film Spectre?
A9: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Columbia Pictures
Q10: Who directed Spectre?
A10: Sam Mendes
Spectre_(2015_film) (Media and drama)

Spectre had its world premiere in London on 26 October 2015 at the Royal Albert Hall, the same day as its general release in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. Following the announcement of the start of filming, Paramount Pictures brought forward the release of Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation to avoid competing with Spectre. In March 2015 IMAX corporation announced that Spectre would be screened in its cinemas, following Skyfall's success with the company. In the UK it received a wider release than Skyfall, with a minimum of 647 cinemas including 40 IMAX screens, compared to Skyfall's 587 locations and 21 IMAX screens.

Q1: Where was the first showing of Spectre held?
A1: Royal Albert Hall
Q2: On what date was Spectre first shown for general audiences?
A2: 26 October 2015
Q3: What movie prompted IMAX to show Spectre?
A3: Skyfall
Q4: What film opening was changed so it didn't compete with Spectre?
A4: Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation
Q5: Which film had a wider release in the UK, Skyfall or Spectre?
A5: Spectre.
Spectre_(2015_film) (Media and drama)

Spectre has received mixed reviews, with many reviewers either giving the film highly positive or highly negative feedback. Many critics praised the film's opening scene, action sequences, stuntwork, cinematography and performances from the cast. In some early reviews, the film received favourable comparisons with its predecessor, Skyfall. Rotten Tomatoes sampled 274 reviews and judged 64% of the critiques to be positive, saying that the film "nudges Daniel Craig's rebooted Bond closer to the glorious, action-driven spectacle of earlier entries, although it's admittedly reliant on established 007 formula." On Metacritic, the film has a rating of 60 out of 100, based on 48 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.

Q1: What was Metacritics score for Spectre?
A1: 60 out of 100
Q2: How many individual ratings contributed to Metacritics score?
A2: 48
Q3: What percentage of Spectre reviews did Rotten Tomatoes find to be in favor of the film?
A3: 64%
Q4: Who did CinemaScore ask for input on the film?
A4: Audiences
Q5: What percentage of review on Rotten Tomatoes were positive?
A5: 64
Q6: What was the movie's rating on Metacritic?
A6: 60 out of 100
Spectre_(2015_film) (Media and drama)

Spectre opened in Germany with $22.45 million (including previews), which included a new record for the biggest Saturday of all time, Australia with $8.7 million (including previews) and South Korea opened to $8.2 million (including previews). Despite the 13 November Paris attacks, which led to numerous theaters being closed down, the film opened with $14.6 million (including $2 million in previews) in France. In Mexico, where part of the film was shot, it debuted with more than double that of Skyfall with $4.5 million. It also bested its predecessor's opening in various Nordic regions where MGM is distributing, such as in Finland ($2.66 million) and Norway ($2.91 million), and in other markets like Denmark ($4.2 million), the Netherlands ($3.38 million), and Sweden ($3.1 million). In India, it opened at No. 1 with $4.8 million which is 4% above the opening of Skyfall. It topped the German-speaking Switzerland box office for four weeks and in the Netherlands, it has held the No. 1 spot for seven weeks straight where it has topped Minions to become the top movie of the year. The top earning markets are Germany ($70.3 million) and France ($38.8 million). In Paris, it has the second highest ticket sales of all time with $4.1 million tickets sold only behind Spider-Man 3 which sold over $6.32 million tickets in 2007.

Q1: Terrorist activity in what French city impacted Spectre's earnings?
A1: Paris
Q2: How much more did Spectre earn compared with Skyfall in the Indian market?
A2: 4%
Q3: In Paris, what movie has generated more ticket revenue than Spectre?
A3: Spider-Man 3
Q4: How much did Spectre make in its opening in South Korea?
A4: $8.2 million
Q5: What is the only film to have a higher ticket sale in Paris than Spectre?
A5: Spider-Man 3
Q6: What movie did Spectre beat to become top movie of the year in Switzerland?
A6: Minions
Spectre_(2015_film) (Media and drama)

Spectre was released on 26 October 2015 in the United Kingdom on the same night as the world premiere at the Royal Albert Hall in London, followed by a worldwide release. It was released in the United States on 6 November 2015. It became the second James Bond film to be screened in IMAX venues after Skyfall, although it was not filmed with IMAX cameras. Spectre received mixed reviews upon its release; although criticised for its length, lack of screen time for new characters, and writing, it received praise for its action sequences and cinematography. The theme song, "Writing's on the Wall", received mixed reviews, particularly compared to the previous theme; nevertheless, it won the Golden Globe for Best Original Song and was nominated for the Academy Award in the same category. As of 20 February 2016[update], Spectre has grossed over $879 million worldwide.

Q1: On what date was Spectre first shown in the UK?
A1: 26 October 2015
Q2: Where was the first screening of Spectre?
A2: Royal Albert Hall in London
Q3: What was the US release date for Spectre?
A3: 6 November 2015
Q4: What were two subjects of accolades for Spectre?
A4: action sequences and cinematography
Q5: For what category did Spectre receive a Golden Globe award?
A5: Best Original Song
Q6: What was the first James Bond film to be screened at IMAX theaters?
A6: Skyfall
Q7: What was the theme song for the James Bond film Spectre?
A7: Writing's on the Wall
Ashkenazi_Jews (History)

Speculation that the Ashkenazi arose from Khazar stock surfaced in the later 19th century and has met with mixed fortunes in the scholarly literature. In late 2012 Eran Elhaik, a research associate studying genetics at the Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, argued for Khazar descent in his paper The Missing Link of Jewish European Ancestry: Contrasting the Rhineland and the Khazarian Hypotheses. A 2013 study of Ashkenazi mitochondrial DNA found no significant evidence of Khazar contribution to the Ashkenazi Jewish DNA, as would be predicted by the Khazar hypothesis.

Q1: When did the idea that the Ashkenazi may have come from Khazar stock come about?
A1: in the later 19th century
Q2: Did Eran Elhaik, from Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health argue for or against Khazar descent?
A2: argued for Khazar descent
Q3: What did a 2013 study of Ashkenazi mitochondrial DNA find in regards to the Khazar descent idea?
A3: no significant evidence of Khazar contribution to the Ashkenazi Jewish DNA
Steven_Spielberg (Media and drama)

Spielberg and actor Tom Cruise collaborated for the first time for the futuristic neo-noir Minority Report, based upon the science fiction short story written by Philip K. Dick about a Washington D.C. police captain in the year 2054 who has been foreseen to murder a man he has not yet met. The film received strong reviews with the review tallying website Rotten Tomatoes giving it a 92% approval rating, reporting that 206 out of the 225 reviews they tallied were positive. The film earned over $358 million worldwide. Roger Ebert, who named it the best film of 2002, praised its breathtaking vision of the future as well as for the way Spielberg blended CGI with live-action.

Q1: What movie did Spielberg collaborate with Cruise for?
A1: Minority Report
Q2: When is Minority Report set?
A2: 2054
Q3: What was the Rotten Tomatoes rating for Minority Report?
A3: 92%
Q4: How much did Minority Report earn?
A4: over $358 million worldwide
Q5: When was Minority Report released?
A5: 2002
Steven_Spielberg (Media and drama)

Spielberg directed 2015's Bridge of Spies, a Cold War thriller based on the 1960 U-2 incident, and focusing on James B. Donovan's negotiations with the Soviets for the release of pilot Gary Powers after his aircraft was shot down over Soviet territory. The film starred Tom Hanks as Donovan, as well as Mark Rylance, Amy Ryan, and Alan Alda, with a script by the Coen brothers. The film was shot from September to December 2014 on location in New York City, Berlin and Wroclaw, Poland (which doubled for East Berlin), and was released by Disney on October 16, 2015. Bridge of Spies received positive reviews from critics, and was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture.

Q1: When was 'Bridge of Spies' released?
A1: October 16, 2015
Q2: How many Oscar nominations did 'Bridge of Spies' get?
A2: six
Q3: When was 'Bridge of Spies' set?
A3: 1960
Q4: Who played Donovan in 'Bridge of Spies'?
A4: Tom Hanks
Q5: Where was 'Bridge of Spies' filmed?
A5: New York City, Berlin and Wroclaw, Poland
Steven_Spielberg (Media and drama)

Spielberg first met actress Amy Irving in 1976 at the suggestion of director Brian De Palma, who knew he was looking for an actress to play in Close Encounters. After meeting her, Spielberg told his co-producer Julia Phillips, "I met a real heartbreaker last night.":293 Although she was too young for the role, she and Spielberg began dating and she eventually moved in to what she described as his "bachelor funky" house.:294 They lived together for four years, but the stresses of their professional careers took a toll on their relationship. Irving wanted to be certain that whatever success she attained as an actress would be her own: "I don't want to be known as Steven's girlfriend," she said, and chose not to be in any of his films during those years.:295

Q1: Who did Spielberg begin dating in 1976?
A1: Amy Irving
Q2: What was Amy Irving's career?
A2: actress
Q3: Who introduced Irving to Spielberg?
A3: Brian De Palma
Q4: How did Irving describe Spielberg's house?
A4: "bachelor funky"
Q5: Why did Irving not want to be in Spielberg's films while dating?
A5: "I don't want to be known as Steven's girlfriend,"
Steven_Spielberg (Media and drama)

Spielberg followed with War Horse, shot in England in the summer of 2010. It was released just four days after The Adventures of Tintin, on December 25, 2011. The film, based on the novel of the same name written by Michael Morpurgo and published in 1982, follows the long friendship between a British boy and his horse Joey before and during World War I – the novel was also adapted into a hit play in London which is still running there, as well as on Broadway. The film was released and distributed by Disney, with whom DreamWorks made a distribution deal in 2009. War Horse received generally positive reviews from critics, and was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture.

Q1: Where was 'War Horse' filmed?
A1: England
Q2: When did 'War Horse' come out?
A2: December 25, 2011
Q3: Who wrote the 'War Horse' book?
A3: Michael Morpurgo
Q4: When did the 'War Horse' book come out?
A4: 1982
Q5: Who distributed 'War Horse'?
A5: Disney
Steven_Spielberg (Media and drama)

Spielberg has filmed and is currently in post-production on an adaptation of Roald Dahl's celebrated children's story The BFG. Spielberg's DreamWorks bought the rights in 2010, originally intending John Madden to direct. The film was written by E.T. screenwriter Melissa Mathison and is co-produced by Walt Disney Pictures, marking the first Disney-branded film to be directed by Spielberg. The BFG is set to premiere out of competition at the Cannes Film Festival in May 2016, before its wide release in the US on July 1, 2016.

Q1: Who wrote 'The BFG'?
A1: Roald Dahl
Q2: Who wrote E.T.'s script?
A2: Melissa Mathison
Q3: What film festival will first air 'The BFG'?
A3: Cannes Film Festival
Q4: In what month is Cannes held?
A4: May
Q5: When will 'The BFG' be in most theaters?
A5: July 1, 2016
Steven_Spielberg (Media and drama)

Spielberg next directed the historical drama film Lincoln, starring Daniel Day-Lewis as United States President Abraham Lincoln and Sally Field as Mary Todd Lincoln. Based on Doris Kearns Goodwin's bestseller Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln, the film covered the final four months of Lincoln's life. Written by Tony Kushner, the film was shot in Richmond, Virginia, in late 2011, and was released in the United States by Disney in November 2012. The film's international distribution was handled by 20th Century Fox. Upon release, Lincoln received widespread critical acclaim, and was nominated for twelve Academy Awards (the most of any film that year) including Best Picture and Best Director for Spielberg. It won the award for Best Production Design and Day-Lewis won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Lincoln, becoming the first three time winner in that category as well as the first to win for a performance directed by Spielberg.

Q1: Who starred in 'Lincoln' as Abraham Lincoln?
A1: Daniel Day-Lewis
Q2: What book was 'Lincoln' based on?
A2: Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln
Q3: What part of Lincoln's life did the film cover?
A3: the final four months
Q4: Where was 'Lincoln' filmed?
A4: Richmond, Virginia
Q5: Who played Mary Todd Lincoln in 'Lincoln'?
A5: Sally Field
Steven_Spielberg (Media and drama)

Spielberg prefers working with production members with whom he has developed an existing working relationship. An example of this is his production relationship with Kathleen Kennedy who has served as producer on all his major films from E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial to the recent Lincoln. For cinematography, Allen Daviau, a childhood friend and cinematographer, shot the early Spielberg film Amblin and most of his films up to Empire of the Sun; Janusz Kamiński who has shot every Spielberg film since Schindler's List (see List of film director and cinematographer collaborations); and the film editor Michael Kahn who has edited every film directed by Spielberg from Close Encounters to Munich (except E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial). Most of the DVDs of Spielberg's films have documentaries by Laurent Bouzereau.

Q1: Which film did Kathleen Kennedy first work with Spielberg on?
A1: E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
Q2: Which childhood friend worked on Spielberg's films?
A2: Allen Daviau
Q3: Which film did Kaminski first work with Spielberg on?
A3: Schindler's List
Q4: Which film did Daviau first work with Spielberg on?
A4: Amblin
Q5: Which film did Kahn first work with Spielberg on?
A5: Close Encounters
Steven_Spielberg (Media and drama)

Spielberg served as an uncredited executive producer on The Haunting, The Prince of Egypt, Just Like Heaven, Shrek, Road to Perdition, and Evolution. He served as an executive producer for the 1997 film Men in Black, and its sequels, Men in Black II and Men in Black III. In 2005, he served as a producer of Memoirs of a Geisha, an adaptation of the novel by Arthur Golden, a film to which he was previously attached as director. In 2006, Spielberg co-executive produced with famed filmmaker Robert Zemeckis a CGI children's film called Monster House, marking their eighth collaboration since 1990's Back to the Future Part III. He also teamed with Clint Eastwood for the first time in their careers, co-producing Eastwood's Flags of Our Fathers and Letters from Iwo Jima with Robert Lorenz and Eastwood himself. He earned his twelfth Academy Award nomination for the latter film as it was nominated for Best Picture. Spielberg served as executive producer for Disturbia and the Transformers live action film with Brian Goldner, an employee of Hasbro. The film was directed by Michael Bay and written by Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman, and Spielberg continued to collaborate on the sequels, Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen and Transformers: Dark of the Moon. In 2011, he produced the J. J. Abrams science fiction thriller film Super 8 for Paramount Pictures.

Q1: When was 'Men In Black' released?
A1: 1997
Q2: Who wrote the book 'Memoirs of a Geisha' is based on?
A2: Arthur Golden
Q3: Who did Spielberg collaborate with in 2006?
A3: Robert Zemeckis
Q4: What film did Spielberg first collaborate with Zemeckis on?
A4: Back to the Future Part III
Q5: Which studio produced 'Super 8'?
A5: Paramount Pictures
Steven_Spielberg (Media and drama)

Spielberg then revisited his Close Encounters project and, with financial backing from Columbia Pictures, released Close Encounters: The Special Edition in 1980. For this, Spielberg fixed some of the flaws he thought impeded the original 1977 version of the film and also, at the behest of Columbia, and as a condition of Spielberg revising the film, shot additional footage showing the audience the interior of the mothership seen at the end of the film (a decision Spielberg would later regret as he felt the interior of the mothership should have remained a mystery). Nevertheless, the re-release was a moderate success, while the 2001 DVD release of the film restored the original ending.

Q1: When did Spielberg re-release Close Encounters?
A1: 1980
Q2: What new footage did Columbia require for a Close Encounters revisit?
A2: the interior of the mothership
Q3: What was the Close Encounters revisit called?
A3: Close Encounters: The Special Edition
Q4: Which studio funded Close Encounters?
A4: Columbia Pictures
Q5: When did a Close Encounters DVD come out?
A5: 2001
Steven_Spielberg (Media and drama)

Spielberg was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, to an Orthodox Jewish family. His mother, Leah (Adler) Posner (born 1920), was a restaurateur and concert pianist, and his father, Arnold Spielberg (born 1917), was an electrical engineer involved in the development of computers. His paternal grandparents were immigrants from Ukraine who settled in Cincinnati in the first decade of the 1900s. In 1950, his family moved to Haddon Township, New Jersey when his father took a job with RCA. Three years later, the family moved to Phoenix, Arizona.:548 Spielberg attended Hebrew school from 1953 to 1957, in classes taught by Rabbi Albert L. Lewis.

Q1: Where was Steven Spielberg born?
A1: Cincinnati, Ohio
Q2: What religion was Steven Spielberg's family?
A2: Orthodox Jewish
Q3: Where were Steven Spielberg's granparents from?
A3: Ukraine
Q4: Where did Steven Spielberg's family move to in 1953?
A4: Phoenix, Arizona
Q5: What job did Steven Spielberg's father have?
A5: electrical engineer
Q6: Where was Spielberg born?
A6: Cincinnati, Ohio
Q7: What religion was Spielberg's family?
A7: Orthodox Jewish
Q8: What was Spielberg's mother's career?
A8: restaurateur and concert pianist
Q9: What was Spielberg's father's career?
A9: electrical engineer involved in the development of computers
Q10: Where did Spielberg's paternal grandparents immigrate from?
A10: Ukraine
Steven_Spielberg (Media and drama)

Spielberg was scheduled to shoot a $200 million adaptation of Daniel H. Wilson's novel Robopocalypse, adapted for the screen by Drew Goddard. The film would follow a global human war against a robot uprising about 15–20 years in the future. Like Lincoln, it was to be released by Disney in the United States and Fox overseas. It was set for release on April 25, 2014, with Anne Hathaway and Chris Hemsworth set to star, but Spielberg postponed production indefinitely in January 2013, just before it had been set to begin.

Q1: When was 'Robopocalypse' scheduled for release?
A1: April 25, 2014
Q2: Who was going to star in 'Robopocalypse'?
A2: Anne Hathaway and Chris Hemsworth
Q3: How far in the future was 'Robopocalypse' set?
A3: 15–20 years
Q4: Who wrote the book 'Robopocalypse' is based on?
A4: Daniel H. Wilson
Q5: What was the budget for 'Robopocalypse'?
A5: $200 million
Steven_Spielberg (Media and drama)

Spielberg won the Academy Award for Best Director for Schindler's List (1993) and Saving Private Ryan (1998). Three of Spielberg's films—Jaws (1975), E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), and Jurassic Park (1993)—achieved box office records, originated and came to epitomize the blockbuster film. The unadjusted gross of all Spielberg-directed films exceeds $9 billion worldwide, making him the highest-grossing director in history. His personal net worth is estimated to be more than $3 billion. He has been associated with composer John Williams since 1974, who composed music for all save five of Spielberg's feature films.

Q1: How much money has all of Steven Spielberg's movies grossed worldwide?
A1: exceeds $9 billion
Q2: What composer has Steven Spielberg been associated with since 1974?
A2: John Williams
Q3: How much money is Steven Spielberg worth?
A3: more than $3 billion
Q4: What record does Steven Spielberg have?
A4: the highest-grossing director in history
Q5: Who has composed most of Steven Spielberg's movies?
A5: John Williams
Q6: When was Jaws released?
A6: 1975
Q7: When did Jurassic Park come out?
A7: 1993
Q8: What did Spielberg win for Schindler's List?
A8: Academy Award for Best Director
Q9: What is Spielberg's net worth?
A9: more than $3 billion
Q10: Who composes music for most of Spielberg's movies?
A10: John Williams