LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Sahara (Geography and places)

The rainfall inhibition and the dissipation of cloud cover are most accentuated over the eastern section of the Sahara rather than the western. The prevailing air mass lying above the Sahara is the continental tropical (cT) air mass which is hot and dry. Hot, dry air masses primarily form over the North-African desert from the heating of the vast continental land area, and it affects the whole desert during most of the year. Because of this extreme heating process, a thermal low is usually noticed near the surface, and is the strongest and the most developed during the summertime. The Sahara High represents the eastern continental extension of the Azores High, centered over the North Atlantic Ocean. The subsidence of the Sahara High nearly reaches the ground during the coolest part of the year while it limits to the upper troposphere during the hottest periods.

Q1: What section of the Sahara's cloud cover are the most   accentuated?
A1: eastern
Q2: What is the air mass lying above the Sahara?
A2: hot and dry
Q3: What part of the country does the air masses primarily form over?
A3: North-African desert
Appalachian_Mountains (Geography and places)

The range is mostly located in the United States but extends into southeastern Canada, forming a zone from 100 to 300 mi (160 to 480 km) wide, running from the island of Newfoundland 1,500 mi (2,400 km) southwestward to Central Alabama in the United States.[discuss] The range covers parts of the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, which comprise an overseas territory of France. The system is divided into a series of ranges, with the individual mountains averaging around 3,000 ft (910 m). The highest of the group is Mount Mitchell in North Carolina at 6,684 feet (2,037 m), which is the highest point in the United States east of the Mississippi River.

Q1: What country do the Appalachian mountains extend into?
A1: Canada
Q2: How large is the zone in Canada?
A2: 100 to 300 mi
Q3: Where does it start in Canada?
A3: Newfoundland
Q4: Where does it end in the US? 
A4: Central Alabama
Q5: What island is included in the range?
A5: Saint Pierre and Miquelon
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System (Engineering and technology)

The ranging signals are based on the CDMA principle and have complex structure typical of Galileo or modernized GPS. Similar to the other GNSS, there will be two levels of positioning service: open and restricted (military). The public service shall be available globally to general users. When all the currently planned GNSS systems are deployed, the users will benefit from the use of a total constellation of 75+ satellites, which will significantly improve all the aspects of positioning, especially availability of the signals in so-called urban canyons. The general designer of the COMPASS navigation system is Sun Jiadong, who is also the general designer of its predecessor, the original BeiDou navigation system.

Q1: What are the ranging signals of the BeiDou system based on?
A1: the CDMA principle
Q2: What positioning levels will the BeiDou system offer?
A2: open and restricted (military)
Q3: Where will the public service for the BeiDou system be available?
A3: globally to general users
Q4: Who designed the COMPASS navigation system?
A4: Sun Jiadong
Q5: How many satellites will the COMPASS navigation system use?
A5: 75+ satellites
Zhejiang (Geography and places)

The rapid development of religions in Zhejiang has driven the local committee of ethnic and religious affairs to enact measures to rationalise them in 2014, variously named "Three Rectifications and One Demolition" operations or "Special Treatment Work on Illegally Constructed Sites of Religious and Folk Religion Activities" according to the locality. These regulations have led to cases of demolition of churches and folk religion temples, or the removal of crosses from churches' roofs and spires. An exemplary case was that of the Sanjiang Church.

Q1: When did the rapid development of religions in Zhejiang drive the local committee of ethnic and religious affairs to enact measures to rationalise them?
A1: 2014
Q2: According to the locality, in addition to "Three Rectifications and One Demolition", what was another name for these measures?
A2: Special Treatment Work on Illegally Constructed Sites of Religious and Folk Religion Activities
Q3: These regulations have led to the demolition of churches and what else?
A3: folk religion temples
Q4: What have these regulations led to the removal of from churches?
A4: crosses
Q5: What was an exemplary case of all this?
A5: Sanjiang Church
Kievan_Rus%27 (History)

The rapid expansion of the Rus' to the south led to conflict and volatile relationships with the Khazars and other neighbors on the Pontic steppe. The Khazars dominated the Black Sea steppe during the 8th century, trading and frequently allying with the Byzantine Empire against Persians and Arabs. In the late 8th century, the collapse of the Göktürk Khaganate led the Magyars and the Pechenegs, Ugric and Turkic peoples from Central Asia, to migrate west into the steppe region, leading to military conflict, disruption of trade, and instability within the Khazar Khaganate. The Rus' and Slavs had earlier allied with the Khazars against Arab raids on the Caucasus, but they increasingly worked against them to secure control of the trade routes.

Q1: What led to constant problems with the Khazars?
A1: rapid expansion of the Rus' to the south
Q2: Which area did the Khazars rule over?
A2: Black Sea steppe
Q3: Who were allies with the Khazars?
A3: Byzantine Empire
Q4: Who were common enimies to both the Khazars and Byzantine Empire?
A4: Persians and Arabs
Galicia_(Spain) (Geography and places)

The rapid increase of population of A Coruña, Vigo and to a lesser degree other major Galician cities, like Ourense, Pontevedra or Santiago de Compostela during the years that followed the Spanish Civil War during the mid-20th century occurred as the rural population declined: many villages and hamlets of the four provinces of Galicia disappeared or nearly disappeared during the same period. Economic development and mechanization of agriculture resulted in the fields being abandoned, and most of the population has moving to find jobs in the main cities. The number of people working in the Tertiary and Quaternary sectors of the economy has increased significantly.

Q1: A rapid population growth after occurred after which war?
A1: Spanish Civil War
Q2: What are two reasons for which Galicia's rural areas have been largely abandoned?
A2: Economic development and mechanization of agriculture
Cyprus (Geography and places)

The ratio of Muslims to Christians fluctuated throughout the period of Ottoman domination. In 1777–78, 47,000 Muslims constituted a majority over the island's 37,000 Christians. By 1872, the population of the island had risen to 144,000, comprising 44,000 Muslims and 100,000 Christians. The Muslim population included numerous crypto-Christians, including the Linobambaki, a crypto-Catholic community that arose due to religious persecution of the Catholic community by the Ottoman authorities; this community would assimilate into the Turkish Cypriot community during British rule.

Q1: How many Muslims made up the island's population in 1777-78?
A1: 47,000
Q2: How many Christians made up the island's population in 1777-78?
A2: 37,000
Q3: What was the population of the island in 1872?
A3: 144,000
Q4: In 1872 the island contained how many Muslims?
A4: 44,000
Q5: In 1872 the island contained how many Christians?
A5: 100,000
Pope_Paul_VI (Philosophy and religion)

The reaction to the encyclical's continued prohibitions of artificial birth control was very mixed. In Italy, Spain, Portugal and Poland, the encyclical was welcomed. In Latin America, much support developed for the Pope and his encyclical. As World Bank President Robert McNamara declared at the 1968 Annual Meeting of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group that countries permitting birth control practices would get preferential access to resources, doctors in La Paz, Bolivia called it insulting that money should be exchanged for the conscience of a Catholic nation. In Colombia, Cardinal archbishop Aníbal Muñoz Duque declared, if American conditionality undermines Papal teachings, we prefer not to receive one cent. The Senate of Bolivia passed a resolution stating that Humanae vitae could be discussed in its implications for individual consciences, but was of greatest significance because the papal document defended the rights of developing nations to determine their own population policies. The Jesuit Journal Sic dedicated one edition to the encyclical with supportive contributions.

Q1: Who was president of the World Bank in 1968?
A1: Robert McNamara
Q2: What were developing countries encouraged to allow access to by the World Bank?
A2: birth control
Q3: In what country did doctors call the World Bank's offer of resources in exchange for liberal birth control policies "insulting"?
A3: Bolivia
Q4: Who said Columbia did not want American aid if it required changing the Catholic church's stance on birth control?
A4: Cardinal archbishop Aníbal Muñoz Duque
Q5: What country did Cardinal archbishop Anlbal Munoz Duque represent?
A5: Colombia
John_von_Neumann (Mathematics)

The reason for this is that a quantum disjunction, unlike the case for classical disjunction, can be true even when both of the disjuncts are false and this is, in turn, attributable to the fact that it is frequently the case, in quantum mechanics, that a pair of alternatives are semantically determinate, while each of its members are necessarily indeterminate. This latter property can be illustrated by a simple example. Suppose we are dealing with particles (such as electrons) of semi-integral spin (angular momentum) for which there are only two possible values: positive or negative. Then, a principle of indetermination establishes that the spin, relative to two different directions (e.g., x and y) results in a pair of incompatible quantities. Suppose that the state ɸ of a certain electron verifies the proposition "the spin of the electron in the x direction is positive." By the principle of indeterminacy, the value of the spin in the direction y will be completely indeterminate for ɸ. Hence, ɸ can verify neither the proposition "the spin in the direction of y is positive" nor the proposition "the spin in the direction of y is negative." Nevertheless, the disjunction of the propositions "the spin in the direction of y is positive or the spin in the direction of y is negative" must be true for ɸ. In the case of distribution, it is therefore possible to have a situation in which , while .

Q1: What is the difference of quantum disjunction from classic?
A1: can be true even when both of the disjuncts are false
Q2: What is frequently the case in quantum mechanics when a pair of alternatives are semantically determinate?
A2: each of its members are necessarily indeterminate
Q3: How can quantum disjuction be illustrated?
A3: illustrated by a simple example
A_cappella (Music)

The reasons for the strong Swedish dominance are as explained by Richard Sparks manifold; suffice to say here that there is a long-standing tradition, an unsusually large proportion of the populations (5% is often cited) regularly sing in choirs, the Swedish choral director Eric Ericson had an enormous impact on a cappella choral development not only in Sweden but around the world, and finally there are a large number of very popular primary and secondary schools (music schools) with high admission standards based on auditions that combine a rigid academic regimen with high level choral singing on every school day, a system that started with Adolf Fredrik's Music School in Stockholm in 1939 but has spread over the country.

Q1: What is the name of the Swedish man known for being a large influence to a cappella across the world?
A1: Eric Ericson
Q2: Which music school began the implementation of high musical standards?
A2: Adolf Fredrik's Music School
Q3: What portion of the Swedish population engages in a cappella singing?
A3: 5%
Q4: Who describes the many reasons for Sweden's heavy involvement in a cappella?
A4: Richard Sparks
John,_King_of_England (History)

The rebel barons responded by inviting the French prince Louis to lead them: Louis had a claim to the English throne by virtue of his marriage to Blanche of Castile, a granddaughter of Henry II. Philip may have provided him with private support but refused to openly support Louis, who was excommunicated by Innocent for taking part in the war against John. Louis' planned arrival in England presented a significant problem for John, as the prince would bring with him naval vessels and siege engines essential to the rebel cause. Once John contained Alexander in Scotland, he marched south to deal with the challenge of the coming invasion.

Q1: The rebel barons invited who to lead them?
A1: French prince Louis
Q2: Who was Henry II's granddaughter?
A2: Blanche of Castile
Q3: What did John do once he contained Alexander in Scotland?
A3: he marched south to deal with the challenge of the coming invasion
Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union (History)

The rebellion of fellow Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh had an immediate effect in Armenia itself. Daily demonstrations, which began in the Armenian capital Yerevan on February 18, initially attracted few people, but each day the Nagorno-Karabakh issue became increasingly prominent and numbers swelled. On February 20, a 30,000-strong crowd demonstrated in Theater Square, by February 22, there were 100,000, the next day 300,000, and a transport strike was declared, by February 25, there were close to 1 million demonstrators – about a quarter of Armenia's population. This was the first of the large, peaceful public demonstrations that would become a feature of communism's overthrow in Prague, Berlin, and, ultimately, Moscow. Leading Armenian intellectuals and nationalists, including future first President of independent Armenia Levon Ter-Petrossian, formed the eleven-member Karabakh Committee to lead and organize the new movement.

Q1: Where were the first demonstrations in Armenia?
A1: Yerevan
Q2: What is the capitol of Armenia?
A2: Yerevan
Q3: How many people protested on February 23?
A3: 300,000,
Q4: What sort of strike was called?
A4: transport
Q5: What percentage of Armenia's total population protested on February 25?
A5: about a quarter
John,_King_of_England (History)

The rebels made the first move in the war, seizing the strategic Rochester Castle, owned by Langton but left almost unguarded by the archbishop. John was well prepared for a conflict. He had stockpiled money to pay for mercenaries and ensured the support of the powerful marcher lords with their own feudal forces, such as William Marshal and Ranulf of Chester. The rebels lacked the engineering expertise or heavy equipment necessary to assault the network of royal castles that cut off the northern rebel barons from those in the south. John's strategy was to isolate the rebel barons in London, protect his own supply lines to his key source of mercenaries in Flanders, prevent the French from landing in the south-east, and then win the war through slow attrition. John put off dealing with the badly deteriorating situation in North Wales, where Llywelyn the Great was leading a rebellion against the 1211 settlement.

Q1: Who made the first move in the war?
A1: rebels
Q2: What did the rebels seize?
A2: Rochester Castle
Q3: Who lead the rebellion against the 1211 settlement?
A3: Llywelyn the Great
Q4: What was John's strategy?
A4: isolate the rebel barons in London
Liberia (History)

The rebels soon split into various factions fighting one another. The Economic Community Monitoring Group under the Economic Community of West African States organized a military task force to intervene in the crisis. From 1989 to 1996 one of Africa's bloodiest civil wars ensued, claiming the lives of more than 200,000 Liberians and displacing a million others into refugee camps in neighboring countries. A peace deal between warring parties was reached in 1995, leading to Taylor's election as president in 1997.

Q1: What eventually happened to the rebels?
A1: split into various factions fighting one another.
Q2: Who intervened in the rebel crisis?
A2: The Economic Community Monitoring Group under the Economic Community of West African States
Q3: What did the economic community monitoring group do to intervene in the crisis?
A3: organized a military task force
Q4: During what period did the African civil war last?
A4: 1989 to 1996
Q5: How many liberians died in the civil war?
A5: 200,000
Everton_F.C. (History)

The record attendance for an Everton home match is 78,299 against Liverpool on 18 September 1948. Amazingly, there was only 1 injury at this game-Tom Fleetwood was hit on the head by a coin thrown from the crowd whilst he marched around the perimeter with St Edward's Orphanage Band, playing the cornet. Goodison Park, like all major English football grounds since the recommendations of the Taylor Report were implemented, is now an all-seater and only holds just under 40,000, meaning it is unlikely that this attendance record will ever be broken at Goodison. Everton's record transfer paid was to Chelsea for Belgian forward Romelu Lukaku for a sum of £28m. Everton bought the player after he played the previous year with the team on loan.

Q1: How many fans were in attendance during Everton's match against Liverpool on September 18, 1948?
A1: 78,299
Q2: How many fans were injured in Everton's 1948 match against Liverpool that drew the largest crowd they've had?
A2: 1
Q3: Who was injured during Everton's record attendance match against Liverpool in 1948?
A3: Tom Fleetwood
Q4: How many people does Goodison Park stadium hold?
A4: under 40,000
Q5: How much did Everton FC pay to transfer Belgian forward Romelu Lukaku?
A5: £28m
Premier_League (Sports and recreation)

The record transfer fee for a Premier League player has risen steadily over the lifetime of the competition. Prior to the start of the first Premier League season Alan Shearer became the first British player to command a transfer fee of more than £3 million. The record rose steadily in the Premier League's first few seasons, until Alan Shearer made a record breaking £15 million move to Newcastle United in 1996. The three highest transfer in the sport's history had a Premier League club on the selling end, with Tottenham Hotspur selling Gareth Bale to Real Madrid for £85 million in 2013, Manchester United's sale of Cristiano Ronaldo to Real Madrid for £80 million in 2009, and Liverpool selling Luis Suárez to Barcelona for £75 million in 2014.

Q1: Have transfer fees been increasing over the past years?
A1: The record transfer fee for a Premier League player has risen steadily over the lifetime of the competition.
Q2: What was the record breaking transfer fee in 1996?
A2: Alan Shearer made a record breaking £15 million move to Newcastle United in 1996.
Q3: What was the transfer fee for Gareth Bale in 2013.
A3: Tottenham Hotspur selling Gareth Bale to Real Madrid for £85 million in 2013,
Q4: In 2009, what was the transfer fee for Cristiano Ronaldo?
A4: Manchester United's sale of Cristiano Ronaldo to Real Madrid for £80 million in 2009,
Q5: What was Luis Suarez's transfer fee in 2014?
A5: Liverpool selling Luis Suárez to Barcelona for £75 million in 2014.
Q6: Who was the first British player in the Premier League to receive a transfer fee greater than £3 million?
A6: Alan Shearer
Q7: Who was the first British player in the Premier League to receive a transfer fee greater than £15 million?
A7: Alan Shearer
Q8: Who paid £15 million to transfer Alan Shearer to their club?
A8: Newcastle United
Q9: In which year did Newcastle United pay £15 million to transfer Alan Shearer to their club?
A9: 1996
Q10: For how much did Tottenham Hotspur sell Gareth Bale to Real Madrid for in 2013?
A10: £85 million
Red (Natural sciences)

The red flag appeared as a political symbol during the French Revolution, after the fall of Bastille. A law adopted by the new government on October 20, 1789 authorized the Garde Nationale to raise the red flag in the event of a riot, to signal that the Garde would imminently intervene. During a demonstration on the Champs de Mars on July 17, 1791, the Garde Nationale fired on the crowd, killed up to fifty people. The government was denounced by the more radical revolutionaries. In the words of his famous hymn, the Marseillaise, Rouget de Lisle wrote: "Against us they have raised the bloody flag of tyranny!" (Contre nous de la tyrannie, l'entendard sanglant est leve). Beginning in 1790, the most radical revolutionaries adopted the red flag themselves, to symbolize the blood of those killed in the demonstrations, and to call for the repression of those they considered counter-revolutionary.

Q1: After the demise of what was the red flag linked to the French Revolution?
A1: Bastille
Q2: On what date was the Garde Nationale empowered to hoist a red flag to signal their intervention in a riot?
A2: October 20, 1789
Q3: On what date did the Garde Nationale kill as many as fifty people on Champs de Mars?
A3: July 17, 1791
Q4: Who wrote the words "Against us they have raised the bloody flag of tyranny?"
A4: Rouget de Lisle
Q5: In what year did the most ardent revolutionaries in France adopt a red flag to symbolize the blood of their fallen comrades?
A5: 1790
Plymouth (History)

The redevelopment of the city was planned by Sir Patrick Abercrombie in his 1943 Plan for Plymouth whilst simultaneously working on the reconstruction plan for London. Between 1951 and 1957 over 1000 homes were completed every year mostly using innovative prefabricated systems of just three main types; by 1964 over 20,000 new homes had been built transforming the dense overcrowded and unsanitary slums of the pre-war city into a low density, dispersed suburbia. Most of the city centre shops had been destroyed and those that remained were cleared to enable a zoned reconstruction according to his plan. In 1962 the modernist high rise of the Civic Centre was constructed, an architecturally significant example of mid twentieth century civic slab-and-tower set piece allowed to fall into disrepair by its owner Plymouth City Council but recently grade II listed by English Heritage to prevent its demolition.

Q1: Who was the author of the 1943 Plan for Plymouth?
A1: Sir Patrick Abercrombie
Q2: In the period 1951-1957, how many new houses were constructed yearly in Plymouth?
A2: over 1000
Q3: In the postwar period to 1964, how many houses were built in Plymouth?
A3: over 20,000
Q4: When was the Civic Centre built?
A4: 1962
Q5: What English Heritage status does the Civic Centre possess?
A5: grade II