LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Detroit (Geography and places)

Seen in panorama, Detroit's waterfront shows a variety of architectural styles. The post modern Neo-Gothic spires of the One Detroit Center (1993) were designed to blend with the city's Art Deco skyscrapers. Together with the Renaissance Center, they form a distinctive and recognizable skyline. Examples of the Art Deco style include the Guardian Building and Penobscot Building downtown, as well as the Fisher Building and Cadillac Place in the New Center area near Wayne State University. Among the city's prominent structures are United States' largest Fox Theatre, the Detroit Opera House, and the Detroit Institute of Arts.

Q1: What architectural style does One Detroit Center boast?
A1: post modern Neo-Gothic spires
Q2: What style does the Guardian building use?
A2: Art Deco
Q3: What is a famous theater in Detroit?
A3: Fox Theatre
Q4: What is a famous opera house in Detroit?
A4: Detroit Opera House
Q5: What university is near the New Center?
A5: Wayne State University
History_of_science (History)

Seismology: To better prepare for calamities, Zhang Heng invented a seismometer in 132 CE which provided instant alert to authorities in the capital Luoyang that an earthquake had occurred in a location indicated by a specific cardinal or ordinal direction. Although no tremors could be felt in the capital when Zhang told the court that an earthquake had just occurred in the northwest, a message came soon afterwards that an earthquake had indeed struck 400 km (248 mi) to 500 km (310 mi) northwest of Luoyang (in what is now modern Gansu). Zhang called his device the 'instrument for measuring the seasonal winds and the movements of the Earth' (Houfeng didong yi 候风地动仪), so-named because he and others thought that earthquakes were most likely caused by the enormous compression of trapped air. See Zhang's seismometer for further details.

Q1: What was invented in 132 CE?
A1: a seismometer
Q2: What occurrence is measured by a seismometer?
A2: an earthquake
Q3: What is the Chinese name for a seismometer?
A3: Houfeng didong yi
Q4: What did the Chinese caused earthquakes?
A4: enormous compression of trapped air
Q5: What was Luoyang renamed to?
A5: Gansu
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) (History)

Seizing the opportunity to increase his presence on Fleet Street, he made an agreement with the print unions, promising fewer redundancies if he acquired the newspaper. He assured IPC that he would publish a "straightforward, honest newspaper" which would continue to support Labour. IPC, under pressure from the unions, rejected Maxwell's offer, and Murdoch bought the paper for £800,000, to be paid in instalments. He would later remark: "I am constantly amazed at the ease with which I entered British newspapers."

Q1: What did the prospective owner of the paper promise?
A1: fewer redundancies
Q2: How did the prospective publisher describe the newspaper he would produce?
A2: a "straightforward, honest newspaper"
Q3: Which party would the newspaper endorse?
A3: Labour
Q4: What was the price paid for the newspaper?
A4: £800,000
Q5: Whose offer to buy the paper was turned down?
A5: Maxwell's offer
Asphalt (Natural sciences)

Selenizza is a naturally occurring solid hydrocarbon bitumen found in the native asphalt deposit of Selenice, in Albania, the only European asphalt mine still in use. The rock asphalt is found in the form of veins, filling cracks in a more or less horizontal direction. The bitumen content varies from 83% to 92% (soluble in carbon disulphide), with a penetration value near to zero and a softening point (ring & ball) around 120 °C. The insoluble matter, consisting mainly of silica ore, ranges from 8% to 17%.

Q1: To what location is Selenizza bitumen native?
A1: Selenice, in Albania
Q2: What is it about the mine that is unusual?
A2: still in use
Q3: In what way is Selenizza bitumen geologically different than bitumen found in sands? 
A3: rock asphalt
Q4: What is the variance in bitumen content rock asphalt?
A4: 83% to 92%
Q5: How is the rock asphalt mainly found?
A5: veins
Asphalt (Natural sciences)

Selenizza is mainly used as an additive in the road construction sector. It is mixed with traditional bitumen to improve both the viscoelastic properties and the resistance to ageing. It may be blended with the hot bitumen in tanks, but its granular form allows it to be fed in the mixer or in the recycling ring of normal asphalt plants. Other typical applications include the production of mastic asphalts for sidewalks, bridges, car-parks and urban roads as well as drilling fluid additives for the oil and gas industry. Selenizza is available in powder or in granular material of various particle sizes and is packaged in big bags or in thermal fusible polyethylene bags.

Q1: What component is added to bitumen to improve it?
A1: Selenizza
Q2: To what other paving material is Selenizza added?
A2: mastic asphalts
Q3: What purpose does Selenizza have in the drilling industry?
A3: fluid additives
Q4: In what form is Selenizza offered?
A4: granular
Q5: How is Selenizza shipped?
A5: bags
Department_store (Social sciences and society)

Selfridges was established in 1909 by American-born Harry Gordon Selfridge on Oxford Street. The company's innovative marketing promoted the radical notion of shopping for pleasure rather than necessity and its techniques were adopted by modern department stores the world over. The store was extensively promoted through paid advertising. The shop floors were structured so that goods could be made more accessible to customers. There were elegant restaurants with modest prices, a library, reading and writing rooms, special reception rooms for French, German, American and "Colonial" customers, a First Aid Room, and a Silence Room, with soft lights, deep chairs, and double-glazing, all intended to keep customers in the store as long as possible. Staff members were taught to be on hand to assist customers, but not too aggressively, and to sell the merchandise. Selfridge attracted shoppers with educational and scientific exhibits; – in 1909, Louis Blériot's monoplane was exhibited at Selfridges (Blériot was the first to fly over the English Channel), and the first public demonstration of television by John Logie Baird took place in the department store in 1925.

Q1: Who founded Selfridges in 1909?
A1: Harry Gordon Selfridge
Q2: What made Selfridges different from many department stores at the time? 
A2: the radical notion of shopping for pleasure rather than necessity
Q3: How was the store most often presented to the public? 
A3: paid advertising
Q4: What sort of customers did Selfridges most often cater to?
A4: shoppers with educational and scientific exhibits
Chinese_characters (Language and literature)

Semantic-phonetic compounds or pictophonetic compounds are by far the most numerous characters. These characters are composed of two parts: one of a limited set of characters (the semantic indicator, often graphically simplified) which suggests the general meaning of the compound character, and another character (the phonetic indicator) whose pronunciation suggests the pronunciation of the compound character. In most cases the semantic indicator is also the radical under which the character is listed in dictionaries.

Q1: What are the most numerous characters?
A1: Semantic-phonetic compounds
Q2: What is the radical under which the character is listed in dictionaries?
A2: semantic indicator
Q3: What suggests the general meaning of a compound character? 
A3: semantic indicator
Printed_circuit_board (Engineering and technology)

Semi-additive is the most common process: The unpatterned board has a thin layer of copper already on it. A reverse mask is then applied. (Unlike a subtractive process mask, this mask exposes those parts of the substrate that will eventually become the traces.) Additional copper is then plated onto the board in the unmasked areas; copper may be plated to any desired weight. Tin-lead or other surface platings are then applied. The mask is stripped away and a brief etching step removes the now-exposed bare original copper laminate from the board, isolating the individual traces. Some single-sided boards which have plated-through holes are made in this way. General Electric made consumer radio sets in the late 1960s using additive boards.

Q1: In the semi-additive process, what do the areas exposed by the mask become at the end?
A1: traces
Q2: What metal is used to plate the unmasked parts of the board in the semi-additive method?
A2: copper
Q3: After the mask comes off of the board, what step takes off the original plating?
A3: etching
Q4: What company used to make radios with additive boards in the mid-20th century?
A4: General Electric
Q5: What weight of plating is possible with copper?
A5: any
List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan (Geography and places)

Seminary Row is named for the Union Theological Seminary and the Jewish Theological Seminary which it touches. Seminary Row also runs by the Manhattan School of Music, Riverside Church, Sakura Park, Grant's Tomb, and Morningside Park.

Q1: Besides the Union Theological Seminary, which other Seminary touches Seminary Row?
A1: Jewish Theological
Q2: Other than the Jewish Theological Seminary, which other Seminary touches Seminary Row?
A2: Union Theological
Q3: Which road runs by two Seminaries, the Manhattan School of Music, Riverside Church, and Grant's Tomb?
A3: Seminary Row
Florida (Geography and places)

Seminole Indians based in East Florida began raiding Georgia settlements, and offering havens for runaway slaves. The United States Army led increasingly frequent incursions into Spanish territory, including the 1817–1818 campaign against the Seminole Indians by Andrew Jackson that became known as the First Seminole War. The United States now effectively controlled East Florida. Control was necessary according to Secretary of State John Quincy Adams because Florida had become "a derelict open to the occupancy of every enemy, civilized or savage, of the United States, and serving no other earthly purpose than as a post of annoyance to them.".

Q1: Where did Seminole Indians raid 
A1: Seminole Indians based in East Florida began raiding Georgia settlements
Q2: Who did the Indians offer haven to
A2: runaway slaves
Q3: What is the first Incursion led by Jackson known as now 
A3: First Seminole War
Q4: Why did the US president say the Incursion of Florida was neccessary
A4: orida had become "a derelict open to the occupancy of every enemy, civilized or savage
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 (History)

Senator Charles Schumer (D-NY) would later point out that brokered deposits made up more than 37 percent of IndyMac's total deposits and ask the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) whether it had considered ordering IndyMac to reduce its reliance on these deposits. With $18.9 billion in total deposits reported on March 31, Senator Schumer would have been referring to a little over $7 billion in brokered deposits. While the breakout of maturities of these deposits is not known exactly, a simple averaging would have put the threat of brokered deposits loss to IndyMac at $500 million a month, had the regulator disallowed IndyMac from acquiring new brokered deposits on June 30.

Q1: Who is the Senator that asked FDIC if it had considered ordering IndyMac to reduce its reliance on brokered deposits?
A1: Charles Schumer (D-NY)
Q2: What does the abbreviation FDIC stand for?
A2: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Q3: How much of IndyMac's total deposits of $18.9 billion on March 31, 2008 were considered brokered deposits?
A3: a little over $7 billion
Q4: Had the FDIC disallowed IndyMac from acquiring new brokered deposits on this date, the threat of brokered deposit losses would have been $500 million a month?
A4: June 30
Q5: How much was the threat of brokered deposit losses per month to IndyMac?
A5: $500 million
Memory (Social sciences and society)

Sensory memory holds sensory information less than one second after an item is perceived. The ability to look at an item and remember what it looked like with just a split second of observation, or memorization, is the example of sensory memory. It is out of cognitive control and is an automatic response. With very short presentations, participants often report that they seem to "see" more than they can actually report. The first experiments exploring this form of sensory memory were conducted by George Sperling (1963) using the "partial report paradigm". Subjects were presented with a grid of 12 letters, arranged into three rows of four. After a brief presentation, subjects were then played either a high, medium or low tone, cuing them which of the rows to report. Based on these partial report experiments,Sperling was able to show that the capacity of sensory memory was approximately 12 items, but that it degraded very quickly (within a few hundred milliseconds). Because this form of memory degrades so quickly, participants would see the display but be unable to report all of the items (12 in the "whole report" procedure) before they decayed. This type of memory cannot be prolonged via rehearsal.

Q1: How long does sensory  memory to to store information?
A1: less than one second
Q2: Can we control what is stored in our sensory memory?
A2: It is out of cognitive control
Q3: Who did the first studies on exploring a new idea of sensory memory?
A3: George Sperling
Q4: What did Spellings' findings reveal?
A4: this form of memory degrades so quickly, participants would see the display but be unable to report all of the items
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

Sentient beings always suffer throughout saṃsāra until they free themselves from this suffering (dukkha) by attaining Nirvana. Then the absence of the first Nidāna—ignorance—leads to the absence of the others.

Q1: How are sentient beings freed from suffering?
A1: by attaining Nirvana
Q2: What is the first Nidāna?
A2: ignorance
Q3: The absence of ignorance leads to what?
A3: the absence of the others
Q4: Who always suffers throughout samsara?
A4: Sentient beings
Q5: What is suffering also called?
A5: dukkha
Q6: How do you free yourself of dukkha?
A6: attaining Nirvana
Q7: What is the first Nidana?
A7: ignorance
Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution (History)

Separation of powers is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws where he urged for a constitutional government with three separate branches of government. Each of the three branches would have defined abilities to check the powers of the other branches. This idea was called separation of powers. This philosophy heavily influenced the writing of the United States Constitution, according to which the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches of the United States government are kept distinct in order to prevent abuse of power. This United States form of separation of powers is associated with a system of checks and balances.

Q1: Which political practice did Montesquieu originate?
A1: Separation of powers
Q2: How many divisions of the government did Montesquieu call for?
A2: three
Q3: What document was greatly informed by the idea of separation of powers?
A3: United States Constitution
Q4: What kind of oversight does the separation of powers help to promote?
A4: checks and balances
Q5: What was the doctrine called that allowed the three branches of government to check the powers of each other?
A5: separation of powers
Serbo-Croatian (Language and literature)

Serbo-Croatian was standardized in the mid-19th-century Vienna Literary Agreement by Croatian and Serbian writers and philologists, decades before a Yugoslav state was established. From the very beginning, there were slightly different literary Serbian and Croatian standards, although both were based on the same Shtokavian subdialect, Eastern Herzegovinian. In the 20th century, Serbo-Croatian served as the official language of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (when it was called "Serbo-Croato-Slovenian"), and later as one of the official languages of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The breakup of Yugoslavia affected language attitudes, so that social conceptions of the language separated on ethnic and political lines. Since the breakup of Yugoslavia, Bosnian has likewise been established as an official standard in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and there is an ongoing movement to codify a separate Montenegrin standard. Serbo-Croatian thus generally goes by the ethnic names Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and sometimes Montenegrin and Bunjevac.

Q1: What were both Serbian and Croation standards based on?
A1: Shtokavian subdialect, Eastern Herzegovinian
Q2: Which language officially served the Kingdom of Yugoslavia?
A2: Serbo-Croatian
Q3: What ethnic names does Serbo-Croatian associate with?
A3: Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and sometimes Montenegrin and Bunjevac
To_Kill_a_Mockingbird (Language and literature)

Sergel's play toured in the UK starting at West Yorkshire Playhouse in Leeds in 2006, and again in 2011 starting at the York Theatre Royal, both productions featuring Duncan Preston as Atticus Finch. The play also opened the 2013 season at Regent's Park Open Air Theatre in London where it played to full houses and starred Robert Sean Leonard as Atticus Finch, his first London appearance in 22 years. The production is returning to the venue to close the 2014 season, prior to a UK Tour.

Q1: What country did Sergel's play tour around in and perform in 2006?
A1: the UK
Q2: The play was the opening act for the starting of the 2013 season at which location?
A2: Regent's Park Open Air Theatre
Q3: Who played Atticus Finch in the UK theater productions of the film in 2006 and 2011?
A3: Duncan Preston
Alps (Geography and places)

Series of lower mountain ranges run parallel to the main chain of the Alps, including the French Prealps in France and the Jura Mountains in Switzerland and France. The secondary chain of the Alps follows the watershed from the Mediterranean Sea to the Wienerwald, passing over many of the highest and most well-known peaks in the Alps. From the Colle di Cadibona to Col de Tende it runs westwards, before turning to the northwest and then, near the Colle della Maddalena, to the north. Upon reaching the Swiss border, the line of the main chain heads approximately east-northeast, a heading it follows until its end near Vienna.

Q1: Where are the French Prealps located? 
A1: France
Q2: What mountains are located in Switzerland and France?
A2: the Jura Mountains
Q3: What follows the watershed from the Mediterranean Sea to the Wienerwald?
A3: The secondary chain of the Alps
Q4: What heads approximately east-northeast once at the Swiss bored?
A4: the line of the main chain
Yale_University (History)

Serious American students of theology and divinity, particularly in New England, regarded Hebrew as a classical language, along with Greek and Latin, and essential for study of the Old Testament in the original words. The Reverend Ezra Stiles, president of the College from 1778 to 1795, brought with him his interest in the Hebrew language as a vehicle for studying ancient Biblical texts in their original language (as was common in other schools), requiring all freshmen to study Hebrew (in contrast to Harvard, where only upperclassmen were required to study the language) and is responsible for the Hebrew phrase אורים ותמים (Urim and Thummim) on the Yale seal. Stiles' greatest challenge occurred in July 1779 when hostile British forces occupied New Haven and threatened to raze the College. However, Yale graduate Edmund Fanning, Secretary to the British General in command of the occupation, interceded and the College was saved. Fanning later was granted an honorary degree LL.D., at 1803, for his efforts.

Q1: When was Ezra Stiles president of Yale?
A1: 1778 to 1795
Q2: What course did Ezra Stiles require freshmen to take?
A2: Hebrew
Q3: When did the British threaten to take over the college?
A3: July 1779
Q4: Who saved Yale from the British raid?
A4: Edmund Fanning
Q5: What degree was Edmund Fanning given for his services?
A5: an honorary degree LL.D
Computer_security (Engineering and technology)

Serious financial damage has been caused by security breaches, but because there is no standard model for estimating the cost of an incident, the only data available is that which is made public by the organizations involved. "Several computer security consulting firms produce estimates of total worldwide losses attributable to virus and worm attacks and to hostile digital acts in general. The 2003 loss estimates by these firms range from $13 billion (worms and viruses only) to $226 billion (for all forms of covert attacks). The reliability of these estimates is often challenged; the underlying methodology is basically anecdotal."

Q1: What has caused serious financial damage?
A1: security breaches
Q2: Data made public who is available to estimate the cost of an incident?
A2: the organizations involved
Q3: What is the amount of losses estimated from worms and viruses in 2003?
A3: $13 billion
Q4: Who produces estimates of worldwide losses attributable to security breaches?
A4: Several computer security consulting firms
Q5: What is the underlying methodology of finding worldwide estimates for losses fur to security breaches?
A5: basically anecdotal
Infection (Natural sciences)

Serological methods are highly sensitive, specific and often extremely rapid tests used to identify microorganisms. These tests are based upon the ability of an antibody to bind specifically to an antigen. The antigen, usually a protein or carbohydrate made by an infectious agent, is bound by the antibody. This binding then sets off a chain of events that can be visibly obvious in various ways, dependent upon the test. For example, "Strep throat" is often diagnosed within minutes, and is based on the appearance of antigens made by the causative agent, S. pyogenes, that is retrieved from a patients throat with a cotton swab. Serological tests, if available, are usually the preferred route of identification, however the tests are costly to develop and the reagents used in the test often require refrigeration. Some serological methods are extremely costly, although when commonly used, such as with the "strep test", they can be inexpensive.

Q1: What methods are highly sensitive, specifc and rapid tests used to identify microorganisms?
A1: Serological
Q2: What are serological tests based upon the ability of an antibody to do?
A2: bind specifically to an antigen
Q3: What is the antigen bound to by the antibody usually?
A3: a protein or carbohydrate made by an infectious agent
Q4: What does the binding set off that will result in something visibly obvious in various ways?
A4: a chain of events
Q5: What is the causative agent of "strep throat"?
A5: S. pyogenes
Adolescence (Natural sciences)

Serotonin is a neuromodulator involved in regulation of mood and behavior. Development in the limbic system plays an important role in determining rewards and punishments and processing emotional experience and social information. Changes in the levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin in the limbic system make adolescents more emotional and more responsive to rewards and stress. The corresponding increase in emotional variability also can increase adolescents' vulnerability. The effect of serotonin is not limited to the limbic system: Several serotonin receptors have their gene expression change dramatically during adolescence, particularly in the human frontal and prefrontal cortex .

Q1: Which neuromodulator is involved in regulation of mood and behavior?
A1: Serotonin
Q2: Are the effects of serotonin limited to the limbic system?
A2: not
Q3: Serotonin is a neuromodulator that is involved in regulation of what?
A3: mood and behavior
Q4: Which system in the brain determines rewards and punishments, emotional experiences, and social information?
A4: limbic
Q5: Which two neurotransmitters cause adolescents to be more emotional and more responsive to rewards and stresses?
A5: dopamine and serotonin