LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Federal_Aviation_Administration (History)

The FAA has been cited as an example of regulatory capture, "in which the airline industry openly dictates to its regulators its governing rules, arranging for not only beneficial regulation, but placing key people to head these regulators." Retired NASA Office of Inspector General Senior Special Agent Joseph Gutheinz, who used to be a Special Agent with the Office of Inspector General for the Department of Transportation and with FAA Security, is one of the most outspoken critics of FAA. Rather than commend the agency for proposing a $10.2 million fine against Southwest Airlines for its failure to conduct mandatory inspections in 2008, he was quoted as saying the following in an Associated Press story: "Penalties against airlines that violate FAA directives should be stiffer. At $25,000 per violation, Gutheinz said, airlines can justify rolling the dice and taking the chance on getting caught. He also said the FAA is often too quick to bend to pressure from airlines and pilots." Other experts have been critical of the constraints and expectations under which the FAA is expected to operate. The dual role of encouraging aerospace travel and regulating aerospace travel are contradictory. For example, to levy a heavy penalty upon an airline for violating an FAA regulation which would impact their ability to continue operating would not be considered encouraging aerospace travel.

Q1: What retired NASA Office of inspector general is outspoken about the FAA?
A1: Joseph Gutheinz
Q2: How much do penalties against airlines cost per violation?
A2: $25,000
Q3: A heavy penalty for violating FAA reulations could said to be do what?
A3: impact their ability to continue operating
Q4: What did the agency propose to find Southwest Airlines?
A4: $10.2 million
Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation (History)

The FBI Academy, located in Quantico, Virginia, is home to the communications and computer laboratory the FBI utilizes. It is also where new agents are sent for training to become FBI Special Agents. Going through the 21-week course is required for every Special Agent. First opened for use in 1972, the facility located on 385 acres (1.6 km2) of woodland. The Academy trains state and local law enforcement agencies, which are invited to the law enforcement training center. The FBI units that reside at Quantico are the Field and Police Training Unit, Firearms Training Unit, Forensic Science Research and Training Center, Technology Services Unit (TSU), Investigative Training Unit, Law Enforcement Communication Unit, Leadership and Management Science Units (LSMU), Physical Training Unit, New Agents' Training Unit (NATU), Practical Applications Unit (PAU), the Investigative Computer Training Unit and the "College of Analytical Studies."

Q1: Where are agents sent to become FBI Special Agents?
A1: The FBI Academy
Q2: Where is the FBI Academy?
A2: Quantico, Virginia
Q3: How long is the course required for all special agents?
A3: 21-week
Q4: What other groups does the FBI Academy train?
A4: state and local law enforcement agencies
Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation (History)

The FBI Laboratory, established with the formation of the BOI, did not appear in the J. Edgar Hoover Building until its completion in 1974. The lab serves as the primary lab for most DNA, biological, and physical work. Public tours of FBI headquarters ran through the FBI laboratory workspace before the move to the J. Edgar Hoover Building. The services the lab conducts include Chemistry, Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), Computer Analysis and Response, DNA Analysis, Evidence Response, Explosives, Firearms and Tool marks, Forensic Audio, Forensic Video, Image Analysis, Forensic Science Research, Forensic Science Training, Hazardous Materials Response, Investigative and Prospective Graphics, Latent Prints, Materials Analysis, Questioned Documents, Racketeering Records, Special Photographic Analysis, Structural Design, and Trace Evidence. The services of the FBI Laboratory are used by many state, local, and international agencies free of charge. The lab also maintains a second lab at the FBI Academy.

Q1: When did the FBI lab first appear?
A1: 1974
Q2: Where was the FBI lab?
A2: J. Edgar Hoover Building
Q3: Who uses the FBI lab services?
A3: state, local, and international agencies
Q4: How much does the FBI charges for lab services?
A4: free
Q5: Where is the second FBI lab?
A5: FBI Academy
Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation (History)

The FBI also spied upon and collected information on Puerto Rican independence leader Pedro Albizu Campos and his Nationalist political party in the 1930s. Abizu Campos was convicted three times in connection with deadly attacks on US government officials: in 1937 (Conspiracy to overthrow the government of the United States), in 1950 (attempted murder), and in 1954 (after an armed assault on the US House of Representatives while in session; although not present, Abizu Campos was considered the mastermind). The FBI operation was covert and did not become known until U.S. Congressman Luis Gutierrez had it made public via the Freedom of Information Act in the 1980s.

Q1: What Puerto Rican leader did the FBI spy on?
A1: Pedro Albizu Campos
Q2: What party was Pedro Albizu Campos part of?
A2: Nationalist
Q3: How many times was Pedro Albizu Campos convicted of attacks on US officials?
A3: three
Q4: Who released the Campos operation to the public?
A4: Luis Gutierrez
Q5: When was the Abizu Campos operation made public?
A5: 1980s
Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation (History)

The FBI director is responsible for the day-to-day operations at the FBI. Along with his deputies, the director makes sure cases and operations are handled correctly. The director also is in charge of making sure the leadership in any one of the FBI field offices is manned with qualified agents. Before the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act was passed in the wake of the September 11 attacks, the FBI director would directly brief the President of the United States on any issues that arise from within the FBI. Since then, the director now reports to the Director of National Intelligence (DNI), who in turn reports to the President.

Q1: Who is responsible for day-to-day FBI operations?
A1: The FBI director
Q2: Who assists the FBI director?
A2: his deputies
Q3: What acts were passed relating to the FBI after 9/11?
A3: Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act
Q4: Who used to brief the President?
A4: FBI director
Q5: Who now reports to the President?
A5: Director of National Intelligence
Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation (History)

The FBI frequently investigated Martin Luther King, Jr. In the mid-1960s, King began publicly criticizing the Bureau for giving insufficient attention to the use of terrorism by white supremacists. Hoover responded by publicly calling King the most "notorious liar" in the United States. In his 1991 memoir, Washington Post journalist Carl Rowan asserted that the FBI had sent at least one anonymous letter to King encouraging him to commit suicide. Historian Taylor Branch documents an anonymous November 1964 "suicide package" sent by the Bureau that combined a letter to the civil rights leader telling him "You are done. There is only one way out for you..." with audio recordings of King's sexual indiscretions.

Q1: Did the FBI investigate Martin Luther King Jr.?
A1: frequently
Q2: Who did MLK begin criticizing in the mid-1960s?
A2: the Bureau
Q3: What group did MLK believe needed more attention from the FBI?
A3: white supremacists
Q4: What did Hoover call MLK?
A4: notorious liar
Q5: What kind of letter did the FBI send to MLK?
A5: anonymous
Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation (History)

The FBI has been frequently depicted in popular media since the 1930s. The bureau has participated to varying degrees, which has ranged from direct involvement in the creative process of film or TV series development, to providing consultation on operations and closed cases. A few of the notable portrayals of the FBI on television are the 1993-2002 series The X-Files, which concerned investigations into paranormal phenomena by five fictional Special Agents and the fictional Counter Terrorist Unit (CTU) agency in the TV drama 24, which is patterned after the FBI Counterterrorism Division. The 1991 movie Point Break is based on the true story of an undercover FBI agent who infiltrated a gang of bank robbers. The 1997 movie Donnie Brasco is based on the true story of undercover FBI agent Joseph D. Pistone infiltrating the Mafia.

Q1: When did the FBI first appear in popular media?
A1: 1930s
Q2: What notable TV show was concerned with FBI investigations of the paranormal?
A2: X-Files
Q3: What is the TV drama 24 designed on?
A3: FBI Counterterrorism Division
Q4: Who is the movie Point Break Based on?
A4: undercover FBI agent
Q5: Who is the movie Donnie Brasco based on?
A5: Joseph D. Pistone
Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation (History)

The FBI has maintained files on numerous people, including celebrities such as Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra, John Denver, John Lennon, Jane Fonda, Groucho Marx, Charlie Chaplin, the band MC5, Lou Costello, Sonny Bono, Bob Dylan, Michael Jackson, and Mickey Mantle. The files were collected for various reasons. Some of the subjects were investigated for alleged ties to the Communist party (Charlie Chaplin and Groucho Marx), or in connection with antiwar activities during the Vietnam War (John Denver, John Lennon, and Jane Fonda). Numerous celebrity files concern threats or extortion attempts against them (Sonny Bono, John Denver, John Lennon, Elvis Presley, Michael Jackson, Mickey Mantle, Groucho Marx, and Frank Sinatra).

Q1: Did the FBI keep files on Elvis Presley?
A1: including celebrities such as Elvis Presley
Q2: What activities was the FBI concerned with during the Vietnam war?
A2: antiwar activities
Q3: What kinds of treats were celebrities receiving?
A3: threats or extortion attempts
Q4: What party was the FBI concerned with?
A4: Communist party
Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation (History)

The FBI is headquartered at the J. Edgar Hoover Building in Washington, D.C., with 56 field offices in major cities across the United States. The FBI also maintains over 400 resident agencies across the United States, as well as over 50 legal attachés at United States embassies and consulates. Many specialized FBI functions are located at facilities in Quantico, Virginia, as well as a "data campus" in Clarksburg, West Virginia, where 96 million sets of fingerprints "from across the United States are stored, along with others collected by American authorities from prisoners in Saudi Arabia and Yemen, Iraq and Afghanistan." The FBI is in process of moving its Records Management Division, which processes Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests, to Winchester, Virginia.

Q1: Where is the FBI located?
A1: J. Edgar Hoover Building in Washington, D.C.,
Q2: Where are specialized FBI functions located?
A2: Quantico, Virginia
Q3: Where is the FBI's data campus?
A3: Clarksburg, West Virginia
Q4: What act is the FBI required to process requests for?
A4: FOIA
Q5: How many sets of fingerprints does the FBI have?
A5: 96 million
Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation (History)

The FBI is near-impenetrable, with applicants intensely scrutinized and assessed over an extended period. To apply to become an FBI agent, one must be between the ages of 23 and 37. Due to the decision in Robert P. Isabella v. Department of State and Office of Personnel Management, 2008 M.S.P.B. 146, preference-eligible veterans may apply after age 37. In 2009, the Office of Personnel Management issued implementation guidance on the Isabella decision. The applicant must also hold American citizenship, be of high moral character, have a clean record, and hold at least a four-year bachelor's degree. At least three years of professional work experience prior to application is also required. All FBI employees require a Top Secret (TS) security clearance, and in many instances, employees need a TS/SCI (Top Secret/Sensitive Compartmented Information) clearance. To obtain a security clearance, all potential FBI personnel must pass a series of Single Scope Background Investigations (SSBI), which are conducted by the Office of Personnel Management. Special Agents candidates also have to pass a Physical Fitness Test (PFT), which includes a 300-meter run, one-minute sit-ups, maximum push-ups, and a 1.5-mile (2.4 km) run. Personnel must pass a polygraph test with questions including possible drug use. Applicants who fail polygraphs may not gain employment with the FBI.

Q1: What group of people may apply to join the FBI after age 37?
A1: preference-eligible veterans
Q2: What is the minimum age to join the FBI?
A2: 23
Q3: Is American citizenship required to be an FBI agent?
A3: must also hold American citizenship
Q4: What is a SSBI?
A4: Single Scope Background Investigations
Q5: Who conducts SSBIs?
A5: Office of Personnel Management
Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation (History)

The FBI is organized into functional branches and the Office of the Director, which contains most administrative offices. An executive assistant director manages each branch. Each branch is then divided into offices and divisions, each headed by an assistant director. The various divisions are further divided into sub-branches, led by deputy assistant directors. Within these sub-branches there are various sections headed by section chiefs. Section chiefs are ranked analogous to special agents in charge.

Q1: What office contains the FBI's administrative offices?
A1: Office of the Director
Q2: Who manages each FBI branch?
A2: An executive assistant director
Q3: What is a FBI branch divided into?
A3: offices and divisions
Q4: Who heads an office or division?
A4: an assistant director
Q5: Who leaders the sub-divisions of offices or divisions?
A5: deputy assistant directors
Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation (History)

The FBI often works in conjunction with other Federal agencies, including the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) and U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) in seaport and airport security, and the National Transportation Safety Board in investigating airplane crashes and other critical incidents. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Homeland Security Investigations (ICE-HSI) has nearly the same amount of investigative man power as the FBI, and investigates the largest range of crimes. In the wake of the September 11 attacks, then-Attorney General Ashcroft assigned the FBI as the designated lead organization in terrorism investigations after the creation of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. ICE-HSI and the FBI are both integral members of the Joint Terrorism Task Force.

Q1: When does the FBI work with the US Coast Guard and US Customs and Board Protection?
A1: seaport and airport security
Q2: When does the FBI work with the National Transportation Safety Board?
A2: investigating airplane crashes
Q3: What organization in the US government investigates the largest array of crimes?
A3: ICE-HSI
Q4: What organization did General Ashcroft assign to lead organization in terrorism investigations?
A4: FBI
Q5: What are the FBI and ICE-HSI both members of?
A5: Joint Terrorism Task Force
Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation (History)

The FBI's chief tool against organized crime is the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act. The FBI is also charged with the responsibility of enforcing compliance of the United States Civil Rights Act of 1964 and investigating violations of the act in addition to prosecuting such violations with the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). The FBI also shares concurrent jurisdiction with the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) in the enforcement of the Controlled Substances Act of 1970.

Q1: What is the FBI's main tool against organized crime?
A1: RICO
Q2: What act is the FBI required to enforce?
A2: Civil Rights Act of 1964
Q3: What organization does the FBI prosecute violations of the United States Civil Rights Act with?
A3: DOJ
Q4: What organization does the FBI share jurisdiction with?
A4: DEA
Q5: What Substance act does the FBI enforce?
A5: Controlled Substances Act of 1970
New_York_City (Geography and places)

The FDNY headquarters is located at 9 MetroTech Center in Downtown Brooklyn, and the FDNY Fire Academy is located on Randalls Island. There are three Bureau of Fire Communications alarm offices which receive and dispatch alarms to appropriate units. One office, at 11 Metrotech Center in Brooklyn, houses Manhattan/Citywide, Brooklyn, and Staten Island Fire Communications. The Bronx and Queens offices are in separate buildings.

Q1: What is the address for The New York City Fire Department headquarters?
A1: 9 MetroTech Center
Q2: Which island is home to the Fire academy in NYC?
A2: Randalls Island
Q3: Which borough of NYC is home to the The New York City Fire Department headquarters?
A3: Brooklyn
Q4: What is the street address of the New York Fire Department headquarters?
A4: 9 MetroTech Center
Q5: In what borough is the FDNY headquartered?
A5: Brooklyn
Q6: Where is the fire department's training academy located?
A6: Randalls Island
Q7: What is the street address of the Bureau of Fire Communications alarm office in Brooklyn?
A7: 11 Metrotech Center
Somalis (Geography and places)

The FIBA Africa Championship 1981 was hosted by Somalia from 15–23 December 1981. The games were played in Mogadishu, and the Somali national team received the bronze prize. Abdi Bile won the 1500 m event at the World Championships in 1987, running the fastest final 800 m of any 1,500 meter race in history. He was a two-time Olympian (1984 and 1996) and dominated the event in the late 1980s. Hussein Ahmed Salah, a Somalia-born former long-distance runner from Djibouti, won a bronze medal in the marathon at the 1988 Summer Olympics. He also won silver medals in this event at the 1987 and 1991 World Championships, as well as the 1985 IAAF World Marathon Cup. Mo Farah is a double Olympic gold medal winner and world champion, and holds the European track record for 10,000 metres, the British road record for 10,000 metres, the British indoor record in the 3000 metres, the British track record for 5000 metres and the European indoor record for 5000 metres. Mohammed Ahmed (athlete) is a Canadian long-distance runner who represented Canada in the 10,000 meter races at the 2012 Summer Olympics and the 2013 World Championships in Athletics.

Q1: When did the 1981 FIBA African Championship take place?
A1: 15–23 December 1981
Q2: Who hosted the 1981 FIBA African Championship?
A2: Somalia
Q3: In what city did the 1981 FIBA African Championship take place?
A3: Mogadishu
Q4: For what nation did Hussein Ahmed Salah compete?
A4: Djibouti
Q5: Who did Mohammed Ahmed compete for in the Olympics?
A5: Canada
Nintendo_Entertainment_System (Video games)

The Famicom contained no lockout hardware and, as a result, unlicensed cartridges (both legitimate and bootleg) were extremely common throughout Japan and the Far East. The original NES (but not the top-loading NES-101) contained the 10NES lockout chip, which significantly increased the challenges faced by unlicensed developers. Tinkerers at home in later years discovered that disassembling the NES and cutting the fourth pin of the lockout chip would change the chip’s mode of operation from "lock" to "key", removing all effects and greatly improving the console’s ability to play legal games, as well as bootlegs and converted imports. NES consoles sold in different regions had different lockout chips, so games marketed in one region would not work on consoles from another region. Known regions are: USA/Canada (3193 lockout chip), most of Europe (3195), Asia (3196) and UK, Italy and Australia (3197). Since two types of lockout chip were used in Europe, European NES game boxes often had an "A" or "B" letter on the front, indicating whether the game is compatible with UK/Italian/Australian consoles (A), or the rest of Europe (B). Rest-of-Europe games typically had text on the box stating "This game is not compatible with the Mattel or NES versions of the Nintendo Entertainment System". Similarly, UK/Italy/Australia games stated "This game is only compatible with the Mattel or NES versions of the Nintendo Entertainment System".

Q1: What did the Famicom sorely lack?
A1: lockout hardware
Q2: What was the lockout chip number for the USA and Canada?
A2: 3193
Q3: What was the lockout chip number for most of Europe, save the UK and Italy?
A3: 3195
Q4: What was the lockout chip number for Asia?
A4: 3196
Q5: What was the lockout chip number for UK, Italy, and Australia?
A5: 3197
Planck_constant (Mathematics)

The Faraday constant F is the charge of one mole of electrons, equal to the Avogadro constant NA multiplied by the elementary charge e. It can be determined by careful electrolysis experiments, measuring the amount of silver dissolved from an electrode in a given time and for a given electric current. In practice, it is measured in conventional electrical units, and so given the symbol F90. Substituting the definitions of NA and e, and converting from conventional electrical units to SI units, gives the relation to the Planck constant.

Q1: What is the Faraday constant?
A1: the charge of one mole of electrons
Q2: How is the Faraday constant determined?
A2: by careful electrolysis experiments, measuring the amount of silver dissolved from an electrode in a given time and for a given electric current.
Q3: How does the Faraday constant relate to the Planck constant?
A3: Substituting the definitions of NA and e, and converting from conventional electrical units to SI units, gives the relation to the Planck constant.
Q4: How is the Farday constant value quickly calculated?
A4: the Avogadro constant NA multiplied by the elementary charge e
New_Haven,_Connecticut (Geography and places)

The Farmington Canal Trail is a rail trail that will eventually run continuously from downtown New Haven to Northampton, Massachusetts. The scenic trail follows the path of the historic New Haven and Northampton Company and the Farmington Canal. Currently, there is a continuous 14-mile (23 km) stretch of the trail from downtown, through Hamden and into Cheshire, making bicycle commuting between New Haven and those suburbs possible. The trail is part of the East Coast Greenway, a proposed 3,000-mile (4,800 km) bike path that would link every major city on the East Coast from Florida to Maine.

Q1: What rail trail is slated to run between downtown New Haven and Northampton, Massachusetts? 
A1: The Farmington Canal Trail
Q2: What historic trail does the Farmington Canal Trail follow? 
A2: New Haven and Northampton Company
Q3: What canal lies adjacent to the Historic New Haven and Northamption company trail?
A3: Farmington Canal
Q4: What proposed bike path, projected connect every major city on the eastern seaboard, is part of the Farmington Canal Trail?
A4: East Coast Greenway
Q5: What is the name of the trail that runs from to New Haven all the way to Eastern Massachusetts?
A5: Farmington Canal Trail
Q6: Part of the rail trail is also accessible by what form of transportation? 
A6: bicycle
Q7: Segments of the Farmington Canal is also part of which bicycle trail?
A7: East Coast Greenway
Q8: In terms of length, how long is the East Coast Greenway trail if it stretches from Maine to Florida?
A8: 3,000-mile