LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Age_of_Enlightenment (Philosophy and religion)

These views on religious tolerance and the importance of individual conscience, along with the social contract, became particularly influential in the American colonies and the drafting of the United States Constitution. Thomas Jefferson called for a "wall of separation between church and state" at the federal level. He previously had supported successful efforts to disestablish the Church of England in Virginia, and authored the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom. Jefferson's political ideals were greatly influenced by the writings of John Locke, Francis Bacon, and Isaac Newton whom he considered the three greatest men that ever lived.

Q1: John Locke, Francis Bacon, and Isaac Newton where considered the the greatest men who ever lived by which American colonist?
A1: Thomas Jefferson
Q2: Religious tolerance and the importance of individual conscience was particularly influential in the drafting of which American document?
A2: the United States Constitution
Q3: Whom, along with Francis Bacon and John Locke, did Thomas Jefferson consider to be one of the three greatest men that ever lived?
A3: Isaac Newton
Near_East (Geography and places)

These were fighting words to be coming from a country that once insisted Europe needed Turkey and was willing to spill blood over it. For his authority Miller invokes the people, citing the "collective wisdom" of Europe, and introducing a concept to arise many times in the decades to follow under chilling circumstances:

Q1: Miller's words were considered what?
A1: fighting words
Q2: It was considered Europe needed what country?
A2: Turkey
Q3: What was Miller citing?
A3: the "collective wisdom" of Europe
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) (History)

These years included what was called "spectacularly malicious coverage" of the Labour Party by The Sun and other newspapers. During the general election of 1983 The Sun ran a front page featuring an unflattering photograph of Michael Foot, then aged almost 70, claiming he was unfit to be Prime Minister on grounds of his age, appearance and policies, alongside the headline "Do You Really Want This Old Fool To Run Britain?" A year later, in 1984, The Sun made clear its enthusiastic support for the re-election of Ronald Reagan as president in the USA. Reagan was two weeks off his 74th birthday when he started his second term, in January 1985.

Q1: Who did The Sun say was not fit to be Prime Minister in 1983?
A1: Michael Foot
Q2: Which party was The Sun accused of covering maliciously?
A2: Labour Party
Q3: Who did The Sun support in the 1984 U.S. presidential election?
A3: Ronald Reagan
Q4: How old would Ronald Reagan turn soon after he began his second term as U.S. president?
A4: 74
Q5: What did the headline read that was run with Michael Foot's photo?
A5: "Do You Really Want This Old Fool To Run Britain?"
Qing_dynasty (History)

These years saw an evolution in the participation of Empress Dowager Cixi (Wade–Giles: Tz'u-Hsi) in state affairs. She entered the imperial palace in the 1850s as a concubine to the Xianfeng Emperor (r. 1850–1861) and came to power in 1861 after her five-year-old son, the Tongzhi Emperor ascended the throne. She, the Empress Dowager Ci'an (who had been Xianfeng's empress), and Prince Gong (a son of the Daoguang Emperor), staged a coup that ousted several regents for the boy emperor. Between 1861 and 1873, she and Ci'an served as regents, choosing the reign title "Tongzhi" (ruling together). Following the emperor's death in 1875, Cixi's nephew, the Guangxu Emperor, took the throne, in violation of the dynastic custom that the new emperor be of the next generation, and another regency began. In the spring of 1881, Ci'an suddenly died, aged only forty-three, leaving Cixi as sole regent. 

Q1: What was the name of Xianfeng's concubine?
A1: Cixi
Q2: Who was Cixi's son?
A2: Tongzhi
Q3: When did Tongzhi Emperor die?
A3: 1875
Q4: Who took over from Tongzhi?
A4: Guangxu
Aspirated_consonant (Language and literature)

They are unaspirated for almost all speakers when immediately following word-initial s, as in spill, still, skill. After an s elsewhere in a word they are normally unaspirated as well, except sometimes in compound words. When the consonants in a cluster like st are analyzed as belonging to different morphemes (heteromorphemic) the stop is aspirated, but when they are analyzed as belonging to one morpheme the stop is unaspirated.[citation needed] For instance, distend has unaspirated [t] since it is not analyzed as two morphemes, but distaste has an aspirated middle [tʰ] because it is analyzed as dis- + taste and the word taste has an aspirated initial t.

Q1: When following a word such as spill, they are what for most speakers?
A1: unaspirated
Q2: If the letter s is a different place in the word, it is typical unaspirated unless the word is what?
A2: compound words
Q3: If there is a cluster such as st and it belongs to different morphemes, the stop is what?
A3: aspirated
Q4: If the st belongs to one morpheme, then the stop is what?
A4: unaspirated
Police (Social sciences and society)

They can also be armed with non-lethal (more accurately known as "less than lethal" or "less-lethal") weaponry, particularly for riot control. Non-lethal weapons include batons, tear gas, riot control agents, rubber bullets, riot shields, water cannons and electroshock weapons. Police officers often carry handcuffs to restrain suspects. The use of firearms or deadly force is typically a last resort only to be used when necessary to save human life, although some jurisdictions (such as Brazil) allow its use against fleeing felons and escaped convicts. A "shoot-to-kill" policy was recently introduced in South Africa, which allows police to use deadly force against any person who poses a significant threat to them or civilians. With the country having one of the highest rates of violent crime, president Jacob Zuma states that South Africa needs to handle crime differently from other countries.

Q1: What should non-lethal weapons properly be called?
A1: "less than lethal" or "less-lethal"
Q2: What are common less-lethal weapons?
A2: batons, tear gas, riot control agents, rubber bullets, riot shields, water cannons and electroshock weapons
Q3: What is supposed to be the last resort for police?
A3: The use of firearms or deadly force
Q4: What is South Africa's "shoot-to-kill" policy?
A4: allows police to use deadly force against any person who poses a significant threat to them or civilians
Q5: Where can police shoot fleeing convicts?
A5: Brazil
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses (Philosophy and religion)

They do not work in industries associated with the military, do not serve in the armed services, and refuse national military service, which in some countries may result in their arrest and imprisonment. They do not salute or pledge allegiance to flags or sing national anthems or patriotic songs. Jehovah's Witnesses see themselves as a worldwide brotherhood that transcends national boundaries and ethnic loyalties. Sociologist Ronald Lawson has suggested the religion's intellectual and organizational isolation, coupled with the intense indoctrination of adherents, rigid internal discipline and considerable persecution, has contributed to the consistency of its sense of urgency in its apocalyptic message.

Q1: What industries do Jehovah Witnesses avoid working in?
A1: associated with the military
Q2: What may a Jehovah Witnesses' refusal to serve in the natural military service result in, in some countries?
A2: their arrest and imprisonment
Q3: What do Jehovah Witnesses see themselves as, which transcends national boundaries and ethnic loyalties?
A3: a worldwide brotherhood
Q4: What profession is Ronald Lawson?
A4: Sociologist
Q5: What does Lawson suggest has contributed to the consistency of the sense of urgency in Jehovah Witnesses' apocalyptic message?
A5: intellectual and organizational isolation
Ashkenazi_Jews (History)

They established communities throughout Central and Eastern Europe, which had been their primary region of concentration and residence until recent times, evolving their own distinctive characteristics and diasporic identities. In the late Middle Ages the center of gravity of the Ashkenazi population, and its traditional cultural life, shifted steadily eastward, out of the German lands into Poland and Lithuania (including present-day Belarus and Ukraine). In the course of the late 18th and 19th centuries, those Jews who remained in or returned to the German lands experienced a cultural reorientation; under the influence of the Haskalah and the struggle for emancipation, as well the intellectual and cultural ferment in urban centers, they gradually abandoned the use of Yiddish, while developing new forms of Jewish religious life and cultural identity.

Q1: In the late Middle Ages, the Ashkenazi population shifted in which direction?
A1: shifted steadily eastward
Q2: In the late Middle Ages, as the Ashkenazi population shifted it moved from what location?
A2: German lands
Q3: In the late Middle Ages, as the Ashkenazi population shifted it moved into which location?
A3: Poland and Lithuania (including present-day Belarus and Ukraine)
Q4: In the late 18th and 19th centuries, Jews who returned to German lands experienced what?
A4: a cultural reorientation
Protestantism (Philosophy and religion)

They formed, and identified with various religious groups advocating greater purity of worship and doctrine, as well as personal and group piety. Puritans adopted a Reformed theology, but they also took note of radical criticisms of Zwingli in Zurich and Calvin in Geneva. In church polity, some advocated for separation from all other Christians, in favor of autonomous gathered churches. These separatist and independent strands of Puritanism became prominent in the 1640s, when the supporters of a Presbyterian polity in the Westminster Assembly were unable to forge a new English national church.

Q1: What type of theology did Puritans accept?
A1: Reformed
Q2: When did separatists become powerful in Puritanism?
A2: the 1640s
Q3: What types of piety did the Puritans advocate?
A3: personal and group
Q4: Where was Calvin criticized?
A4: Geneva
Q5: At what gathering were supporters unsuccessful in establishing a new national church?
A5: the Westminster Assembly
Sumer (History)

They invented and developed arithmetic by using several different number systems including a mixed radix system with an alternating base 10 and base 6. This sexagesimal system became the standard number system in Sumer and Babylonia. They may have invented military formations and introduced the basic divisions between infantry, cavalry, and archers. They developed the first known codified legal and administrative systems, complete with courts, jails, and government records. The first true city-states arose in Sumer, roughly contemporaneously with similar entities in what are now Syria and Lebanon. Several centuries after the invention of cuneiform, the use of writing expanded beyond debt/payment certificates and inventory lists to be applied for the first time, about 2600 BC, to messages and mail delivery, history, legend, mathematics, astronomical records, and other pursuits. Conjointly with the spread of writing, the first formal schools were established, usually under the auspices of a city-state's primary temple.

Q1: Sumerians used number systems which included what alternating bases?
A1: base 10 and base 6
Q2: What type of number system was standard in Sumer and Babylonia?
A2: sexagesimal
Q3: What type of formations is it possible Sumerians invented?
A3: military
Q4: What systems did the Sumerians develop which remain the first known these types to this day?
A4: legal and administrative
Q5: In Sumerian society, who oversaw the operation of the first formal schools?
A5: a city-state's primary temple
Napoleon (History)

They maintained that the potassium tartrate used in his treatment prevented his stomach from expelling these compounds and that his thirst was a symptom of the poison. Their hypothesis was that the calomel given to Napoleon became an overdose, which killed him and left extensive tissue damage behind. According to a 2007 article, the type of arsenic found in Napoleon's hair shafts was mineral, the most toxic, and according to toxicologist Patrick Kintz, this supported the conclusion that he was murdered.

Q1: What substance used in Napoleon's treatment is it suggested prevented his stomach from expelling arsenic compounds?
A1: potassium tartrate
Q2: What do those who think Napoleon was poisoned cite as a symptom that would suggest this?
A2: his thirst
Q3: According to Patrick Knize, what conclusion does the type of arsenic found in Napoleon's hair shafts suggest?
A3: that he was murdered
Q4: In what year was the article describing the type of arsenic found in Napoleon's hair published?
A4: 2007
Seven_Years%27_War (History)

Things were looking grim for Prussia now, with the Austrians mobilising to attack Prussian-controlled soil and a French army under Soubise approaching from the west. However, in November and December of 1757, the whole situation in Germany was reversed. First, Frederick devastated Prince Soubise's French force at the Battle of Rossbach on 5 November 1757 and then routed a vastly superior Austrian force at the Battle of Leuthen on 5 December 1757 With these victories, Frederick once again established himself as Europe's premier general and his men as Europe's most accomplished soldiers. In spite of this, the Prussians were now facing the prospect of four major powers attacking on four fronts (France from the West, Austria from the South, Russia from the East and Sweden from the North). Meanwhile, a combined force from a number of smaller German states such as Bavaria had been established under Austrian leadership, thus threatening Prussian control of Saxony.

Q1: What were reasons that the late 1757 time frame looked bad for Prussia?
A1: the Austrians mobilising to attack Prussian-controlled soil and a French army under Soubise approaching from the west
Q2: What was the initial result of the French invasion?
A2: Frederick devastated Prince Soubise's French force at the Battle of Rossbach on 5 November 1757
Q3: What was the result of the Austrian invasion?
A3: then routed a vastly superior Austrian force at the Battle of Leuthen on 5 December 1757
Q4: Name the four opponents of Prussia.
A4: (France from the West, Austria from the South, Russia from the East and Sweden from the North)
Q5: What German areas were beginning to oppose Prussia?
A5: a number of smaller German states such as Bavaria had been established under Austrian leadership
European_Central_Bank (Geography and places)

Think-tanks such as the World Pensions Council have also argued that European legislators have pushed somewhat dogmatically for the adoption of the Basel II recommendations, adopted in 2005, transposed in European Union law through the Capital Requirements Directive (CRD), effective since 2008. In essence, they forced European banks, and, more importantly, the European Central Bank itself e.g. when gauging the solvency of financial institutions, to rely more than ever on standardised assessments of credit risk marketed by two non-European private agencies: Moody's and S&P.

Q1: Which agencies have became the authority on assessing the risk of financial institutions?
A1: Moody's and S&P
Q2: When was Basel II adopted?
A2: 2005
Q3: What said that agencies had to start using Moody's and S&P to assess financial institutions?
A3: the Basel II recommendations
Q4: Since when have the Basel II recommendations been in effect?
A4: 2008
Alps (Geography and places)

Thirteen thousand species of plants have been identified in the Alpine regions. Alpine plants are grouped by habitat and soil type which can be limestone or non-calcerous. The habitats range from meadows, bogs, woodland (deciduous and coniferous) areas to soilless scree and moraines, and rock faces and ridges. A natural vegetation limit with altitude is given by the presence of the chief deciduous trees—oak, beech, ash and sycamore maple. These do not reach exactly to the same elevation, nor are they often found growing together; but their upper limit corresponds accurately enough to the change from a temperate to a colder climate that is further proved by a change in the presence of wild herbaceous vegetation. This limit usually lies about 1,200 m (3,940 ft) above the sea on the north side of the Alps, but on the southern slopes it often rises to 1,500 m (4,920 ft), sometimes even to 1,700 m (5,580 ft).

Q1: How many species of plants have been identified in the Alpine regions?
A1: Thirteen thousand
Q2: How are Alpine plants grouped?
A2: by habitat and soil type
Q3: Oak, beech, ash, and sycamore maple make up what group of trees?
A3: chief deciduous trees
Oklahoma (Geography and places)

Thirty-nine Native American tribal governments are based in Oklahoma, each holding limited powers within designated areas. While Indian reservations typical in most of the United States are not present in Oklahoma, tribal governments hold land granted during the Indian Territory era, but with limited jurisdiction and no control over state governing bodies such as municipalities and counties. Tribal governments are recognized by the United States as quasi-sovereign entities with executive, judicial, and legislative powers over tribal members and functions, but are subject to the authority of the United States Congress to revoke or withhold certain powers. The tribal governments are required to submit a constitution and any subsequent amendments to the United States Congress for approval.

Q1: How many tribal governments are in Oklahoma?
A1: Thirty-nine
Q2: Tribes hold land in Oklahoma, but what isn't it called?
A2: reservations
Q3: What powers do tribal governments have?
A3: executive, judicial, and legislative powers over tribal members and functions
Q4: Who can overrule the tribal governments?
A4: the United States Congress
Q5: Who must approve tribal constitutions?
A5: the United States Congress
The_Times (History)

This 164-page monthly magazine is sold separately from the newspaper of record and is Britain's best-selling travel magazine. The first issue of The Sunday Times Travel Magazine was in 2003, and it includes news, features and insider guides.

Q1: What is the name of the travel magazine sold by The Times?
A1: Sunday Times Travel Magazine
Q2: In what year was The Times' travel magazine first sold?
A2: 2003
Q3: How many pages is The Times' travel magazine?
A3: 164
Q4: What is the name of Britain's best-selling travel magazine?
A4: Sunday Times Travel Magazine
East_India_Company (History)

This Act clearly demarcated borders between the Crown and the Company. After this point, the Company functioned as a regularised subsidiary of the Crown, with greater accountability for its actions and reached a stable stage of expansion and consolidation. Having temporarily achieved a state of truce with the Crown, the Company continued to expand its influence to nearby territories through threats and coercive actions. By the middle of the 19th century, the Company's rule extended across most of India, Burma, Malaya, Singapore, and British Hong Kong, and a fifth of the world's population was under its trading influence. In addition, Penang, one of the states in Malaya, became the fourth most important settlement, a presidency, of the Company's Indian territories.

Q1: by the middle of the 19th century how much of the worlds population was effected by EIC and it trade?
A1: fifth
Q2: To EIC in Malaya what state  was the forth most improtant settlement?
A2: Penang
Q3: during this time the relationship change between Britian and the EIC. the EIC became more of a what to the crown??
A3: regularised subsidiary
Q4: when EIC become more like a regularised subsidiary  did they have greater or less accountability to the Crown
A4: greater accountability
University_of_Notre_Dame (Geography and places)

This Main Building, and the library collection, was entirely destroyed by a fire in April 1879, and the school closed immediately and students were sent home. The university founder, Fr. Sorin and the president at the time, the Rev. William Corby, immediately planned for the rebuilding of the structure that had housed virtually the entire University. Construction was started on the 17th of May and by the incredible zeal of administrator and workers the building was completed before the fall semester of 1879. The library collection was also rebuilt and stayed housed in the new Main Building for years afterwards. Around the time of the fire, a music hall was opened. Eventually becoming known as Washington Hall, it hosted plays and musical acts put on by the school. By 1880, a science program was established at the university, and a Science Hall (today LaFortune Student Center) was built in 1883. The hall housed multiple classrooms and science labs needed for early research at the university.

Q1: In what year was the Main Building at Notre Dame razed in a fire?
A1: 1879
Q2: Who was the president of Notre Dame in 1879?
A2: Rev. William Corby
Q3: On what date was the rebuilding of The Main Building begun at Notre Dame after the fire that claimed the previous?
A3: 17th of May
Q4: What was the music hall at Notre Dame called?
A4: Washington Hall
Q5: What did the Science Hall at Notre Dame come to be known as?
A5: LaFortune Student Center
Greeks (History)

This age saw the Greeks move towards larger cities and a reduction in the importance of the city-state. These larger cities were parts of the still larger Kingdoms of the Diadochi. Greeks, however, remained aware of their past, chiefly through the study of the works of Homer and the classical authors. An important factor in maintaining Greek identity was contact with barbarian (non-Greek) peoples, which was deepened in the new cosmopolitan environment of the multi-ethnic Hellenistic kingdoms. This led to a strong desire among Greeks to organize the transmission of the Hellenic paideia to the next generation. Greek science, technology and mathematics are generally considered to have reached their peak during the Hellenistic period.

Q1: With the secession away from the smaller communities in the Grecian world, what living situation became of great importance ?
A1: the Greeks move towards larger cities and a reduction in the importance of the city-state.
Q2: The kingdoms of Diadochi was comprised of what ?
A2: larger cities were parts of the still larger Kingdoms of the Diadochi.
Q3: How did the cites remind themselves of their beginnings ?
A3: Greeks, however, remained aware of their past, chiefly through the study of the works of Homer and the classical authors.
Q4: What did the Greeks wants to be imparted to their descendants ?
A4: the transmission of the Hellenic paideia to the next generation.
Q5: What academia was heightened during this time of Hellenism ?
A5: Greek science, technology and mathematics are generally considered to have reached their peak during the Hellenistic period.
East_India_Company (History)

This allowed any English firm to trade with India, unless specifically prohibited by act of parliament, thereby annulling the charter that had been in force for almost 100 years. By an act that was passed in 1698, a new "parallel" East India Company (officially titled the English Company Trading to the East Indies) was floated under a state-backed indemnity of £2 million. The powerful stockholders of the old company quickly subscribed a sum of £315,000 in the new concern, and dominated the new body. The two companies wrestled with each other for some time, both in England and in India, for a dominant share of the trade.

Q1: enlish firms were allow to trade with  India unless?
A1: prohibited by act of parliament
Q2: what was the name of the  second East india company that ended up runnig parallel to the first?
A2: English Company Trading to the East Indies
Q3: The two parallel East India company  had a power stuggle in both  England and?
A3: India
Q4: In what  year was the Act passed the made a parallel East India company?
A4: 1698
Q5: The stock holder of the Original East India  company rasied how much money  to  try and deal with the parallel East India Company?
A5: £315,000