LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Predation (Natural sciences)

A true predator can commonly be known as one that kills and eats another living thing. Whereas other types of predator all harm their prey in some way, this form kills them. Predators may hunt actively for prey in pursuit predation, or sit and wait for prey to approach within striking distance, as in ambush predators. Some predators kill large prey and dismember or chew it prior to eating it, such as a jaguar or a human; others may eat their (usually much smaller) prey whole, as does a bottlenose dolphin swallowing a fish, or a snake, duck or stork swallowing a frog. Some animals that kill both large and small prey for their size (domestic cats and dogs are prime examples) may do either depending upon the circumstances; either would devour a large insect whole but dismember a rabbit. Some predation entails venom that subdues a prey creature before the predator ingests the prey by killing, which the box jellyfish does, or disabling it, found in the behavior of the cone shell. In some cases, the venom, as in rattlesnakes and some spiders, contributes to the digestion of the prey item even before the predator begins eating. In other cases, the prey organism may die in the mouth or digestive system of the predator. Baleen whales, for example, eat millions of microscopic plankton at once, the prey being broken down well after entering the whale. Seed predation and egg predation are other forms of true predation, as seeds and eggs represent potential organisms. Predators of this classification need not eat prey entirely. For example, some predators cannot digest bones, while others can. Some may eat only part of an organism, as in grazing (see below), but still consistently cause its direct death.

Q1: What do household animals prey upon? 
A1: large and small prey
Q2: Name an exemplar of an predator that uses digestion to kill and gain nutrients from it's prey.
A2: Baleen whales
Q3: To be classified as a predator, what action must be performed?
A3: harm their prey in some way
Q4: What requirement must a true predator fulfill?
A4: kills and eats another living thing
Q5: What is different about a true predator?
A5: Whereas other types of predator all harm their prey in some way, this form kills them
Q6: All types of predators do what?
A6: harm their prey in some way
Q7: How do ambush predators hunt?
A7: sit and wait for prey to approach within striking distance
Q8: What do box jellyfish use to hunt their pray?
A8: venom
Gymnastics (Sports and recreation)

A typical pommel horse exercise involves both single leg and double leg work. Single leg skills are generally found in the form of scissors, an element often done on the pommels. Double leg work however, is the main staple of this event. The gymnast swings both legs in a circular motion (clockwise or counterclockwise depending on preference) and performs such skills on all parts of the apparatus. To make the exercise more challenging, gymnasts will often include variations on a typical circling skill by turning (moores and spindles) or by straddling their legs (Flares). Routines end when the gymnast performs a dismount, either by swinging his body over the horse, or landing after a handstand. This requires back muscles to do any sort of skill. From handstands being easy to back or front flips being a little difficult.

Q1: What does a typical pommel horse exercise consist of?
A1: both single leg and double leg work
Q2: Single leg skills are found in the form of what normally?
A2: form of scissors, an element often done on the pommels
Q3: What is the main staple of this event?
A3: Double leg work
Q4: When does the routine end?
A4: when the gymnast performs a dismount
Q5: What are two ways that a gymnist dismounts?
A5: by swinging his body over the horse, or landing after a handstand
Gene (Natural sciences)

A typical protein-coding gene is first copied into RNA as an intermediate in the manufacture of the final protein product.:6.1 In other cases, the RNA molecules are the actual functional products, as in the synthesis of ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA. Some RNAs known as ribozymes are capable of enzymatic function, and microRNA has a regulatory role. The DNA sequences from which such RNAs are transcribed are known as non-coding RNA genes.

Q1: What is first copied into RNA as an intermediate in the manufacture of the final protein product?
A1: A typical protein-coding gene
Q2: In some cases, what are the actual functional products?
A2: the RNA molecules
Q3: What sort of synthesis occurs when the RNA molecules are the actual functional products?
A3: the synthesis of ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA
Q4: What sort of function are ribozymes capable of?
A4: enzymatic function
Q5: What are the DNA sequences from which ribozymes are transcribed known as?
A5: non-coding RNA genes
Eritrea (Natural sciences)

A typical traditional Eritrean dish consists of injera accompanied by a spicy stew, which frequently includes beef, kid, lamb or fish. Overall, Eritrean cuisine strongly resembles those of neighboring Ethiopia, Eritrean cooking tend to feature more seafood than Ethiopian cuisine on account of their coastal location. Eritrean dishes are also frequently "lighter" in texture than Ethiopian meals. They likewise tend to employ less seasoned butter and spices and more tomatoes, as in the tsebhi dorho delicacy.

Q1: What meat does a traditional Eritrean stew consist of?
A1: beef, kid, lamb or fish
Q2: Which neighbor does Eritrean cuisine strongly resemble?
A2: Ethiopia
Q3: Why does Eritrean cooking tend to feature more seafood than Ethiopian cuisine?
A3: their coastal location
Q4: How does the texture of Eritrean dishes compare to Ethiopian meals?
A4: lighter
Q5: What ingredients fo Eritreans tend to use less of than Ethiopians?
A5: seasoned butter and spices
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay (Sports and recreation)

A union planned to protest at the relay for better living conditions. Hong Kong legislator Michael Mak Kwok-fung and activist Chan Cheong, both members of the League of Social Democrats, were not allowed to enter Macau.

Q1: Who was Michael Mak Kwok-fung?
A1: Hong Kong legislator
Carnival (Philosophy and religion)

A uniquely Creole tradition is the touloulous. These women wear decorative gowns, gloves, masks and headdresses that cover them completely, making them unrecognisable, even to the colour of their skin. On Friday and Saturday nights of Carnival, touloulou balls are held in so-called universities; in reality, large dance halls that open only at Carnival time. Touloulous get in free, and are even given condoms in the interest of the sexual health of the community. Men attend the balls, but they pay admittance and are not disguised. The touloulous pick their dance partners, who may not refuse. The setup is designed to make it easy for a woman to create a temporary liaison with a man in total anonymity. Undisguised women are not welcomed. By tradition, if such a woman gets up to dance, the orchestra stops playing. Alcohol is served at bars – the disguised women whisper to the men "touloulou thirsty", at which a round of drinks is expected, to be drunk through a straw protect their anonymity.

Q1: What is a tradition unique to the Creole people?
A1: touloulous
Q2: Why are Touloulous given free condoms?
A2: in the interest of the sexual health
Q3: What do men have to do to be allowed into the balls?
A3: pay admittance
Q4: What are the touloulous' dance partners not allowed to do?
A4: refuse
Q5: Why do the women drink through a straw? 
A5: protect their anonymity
USB (Engineering and technology)

A unit load is defined as 100 mA in USB 1.x and 2.0, and 150 mA in USB 3.0. A device may draw a maximum of five unit loads from a port in USB 1.x and 2.0 (500 mA), or six unit loads in USB 3.0 (900 mA). There are two types of devices: low-power and high-power. A low-power device (such as a USB HID) draws at most one-unit load, with minimum operating voltage of 4.4 V in USB 2.0, and 4 V in USB 3.0. A high-power device draws, at most, the maximum number of unit loads the standard permits. Every device functions initially as low-power (including high-power functions during their low-power enumeration phases), but may request high-power, and get it if available on the providing bus.

Q1: What is a unit load defined as?
A1: 100 mA in USB 1.x and 2.0
Q2: How much is a unit load in USB 3.0?
A2: 150 mA
Q3: What is the maximum amount of load a USB 1. and 2.0 device may draw?
A3: five unit loads
Q4: What is the maximum amount of load a USB 3.0 device may draw?
A4: six unit loads
Incandescent_light_bulb (Engineering and technology)

A variation of the incandescent lamp did not use a hot wire filament, but instead used an arc struck on a spherical bead electrode to produce heat. The electrode then became incandescent, with the arc contributing little to the light produced. Such lamps were used for projection or illumination for scientific instruments such as microscopes. These arc lamps ran on relatively low voltages and incorporated tungsten filaments to start ionization within the envelope. They provided the intense concentrated light of an arc lamp but were easier to operate. Developed around 1915, these lamps were displaced by mercury and xenon arc lamps.

Q1: What did an alternate version of the incandescent lamp substitute for a wire filament?
A1: an arc struck on a spherical bead electrode
Q2: What was a common application for this type of bulb?
A2: scientific instruments such as microscopes
Q3: When was this style of lamp developed?
A3: 1915
Q4: What displaced this style of lamp?
A4: mercury and xenon arc lamps
Child_labour (Social sciences and society)

A variety of Indian social scientists as well as the Non-Governmental Organization (NGOs) have done extensive research on the numeric figures of child labour found in India and determined that India contributes to one-third of Asia’s child labour and one-fourth of the world's child labour. Due to a large number of children being illegally employed, the Indian government began to take extensive actions to reduce the number of children working, and to focus on the importance of facilitating the proper growth and development of children.

Q1: How much of the world's child labour does India's workers contribute to?
A1: one-fourth
Q2: How many Asian child workers are from India?
A2: one-third
Q3: Did the India goverment take any actions against child labour?
A3: extensive actions to reduce the number of children working, and to focus on the importance of facilitating the proper growth and development of children.
Nintendo_Entertainment_System (Video games)

A variety of games for the FDS were released by Nintendo (including some like Super Mario Bros. which had already been released on cartridge) and third party companies such as Konami and Taito. A few unlicensed titles were made as well. However, its limitations became quickly apparent as larger ROM chips were introduced, allowing cartridges with greater than 128k of space. More advanced memory management chips (MMC) soon appeared and the FDS quickly became obsolete. Nintendo also charged developers considerable amounts of money to produce FDS games, and many refused to develop for it, instead continuing to make cartridge titles. Many FDS disks have no dust covers (except in some unlicensed and bootleg variants) and are easily prone to getting dirt on the media. In addition, the drive use a belt which breaks frequently and requires invasive replacement. After only two years, the FDS was discontinued, although vending booths remained in place until 1993 and Nintendo continued to service drives, and to rewrite and offer replacement disks until 2003.

Q1: Nintendo charged producers hefty sums to make what?
A1: FDS games
Q2: What did companies do instead of making FDS games?
A2: make cartridge titles
Q3: Many FDS disks lack what?
A3: dust covers
Q4: What broke frequently and needed replacement in the machine?
A4: belt
Q5: How long did Nintendo service drives and offer replacement disks?
A5: 2003
Hunting (Sports and recreation)

A variety of industries benefit from hunting and support hunting on economic grounds. In Tanzania, it is estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist. While the average photo tourist may seek luxury accommodation, the average safari hunter generally stays in tented camps. Safari hunters are also more likely to use remote areas, uninviting to the typical ecotourist. Advocates argue that these hunters allow for anti-poaching activities and revenue for local communities.[citation needed]

Q1: What do a variety of industries benefit from?
A1: hunting
Q2: Where is it estimated that a hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist?
A2: Tanzania
Q3: Where does the average safari hunter stay in?
A3: tented camps
Q4: Advocates argue these hunters allow for what type of activities? 
A4: anti-poaching
Q5: What do a variety of industries obtain benefit from?
A5: hunting
Q6: In what country is it estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times what an average ecotourist does?
A6: Tanzania
Q7: What type of accommodations does the average photographer touring Tanzania seek?
A7: luxury
Q8: Where does the typical safari hunter hang his hat at night?
A8: in tented camps
Q9: Where can safari hunters go which are uninviting to the less hardcore ecotourist?
A9: remote areas
Q10: How much does a safari hunter spend compared to an average ecotourist?
A10: fifty to one hundred times
Q11: What does the photo tourist seek?
A11: luxury accommodation
Q12: Where does a safari hunter usually stay?
A12: tented camps
Q13: What hunters allow for anti-poaching activities?
A13: Safari hunters
Windows_8 (Engineering and technology)

A vertical toolbar known as the charms (accessed by swiping from the right edge of a touchscreen, or pointing the cursor at hotspots in the right corners of a screen) provides access to system and app-related functions, such as search, sharing, device management, settings, and a Start button. The traditional desktop environment for running desktop applications is accessed via a tile on the Start screen. The Start button on the taskbar from previous versions of Windows has been converted into a hotspot in the lower-left corner of the screen, which displays a large tooltip displaying a thumbnail of the Start screen. Swiping from the left edge of a touchscreen or clicking in the top-left corner of the screen allows one to switch between apps and Desktop. Pointing the cursor in the top-left corner of the screen and moving down reveals a thumbnail list of active apps. Aside from the removal of the Start button and the replacement of the Aero Glass theme with a flatter and solid-colored design, the desktop interface on Windows 8 is similar to that of Windows 7.

Q1: What is charms?
A1: A vertical toolbar
Q2: What is the purpose of charms?
A2: provides access to system and app-related functions, such as search, sharing, device management, settings, and a Start button
Q3: How is an active list of apps accessed?
A3: Pointing the cursor in the top-left corner of the screen and moving down
Q4: What does swiping from the left edge of the screen do?
A4: allows one to switch between apps and Desktop
Q5: How is the traditional desktop evironment opened?
A5: via a tile on the Start screen
High-definition_television (Engineering and technology)

A very high resolution source may require more bandwidth than available in order to be transmitted without loss of fidelity. The lossy compression that is used in all digital HDTV storage and transmission systems will distort the received picture, when compared to the uncompressed source.

Q1: If more bandwith is required than is available, a very high resolution source my not be able to transmitted without loss of what?
A1: fidelity
Q2: The compression used in all HDTV storage and transmission systems will do what if resolution is too high?
A2: distort the received picture
Q3: A very high resolution source may require more of what?
A3: bandwidth
Incandescent_light_bulb (Engineering and technology)

A very small amount of water vapor inside a light bulb can significantly affect lamp darkening. Water vapor dissociates into hydrogen and oxygen at the hot filament. The oxygen attacks the tungsten metal, and the resulting tungsten oxide particles travel to cooler parts of the lamp. Hydrogen from water vapor reduces the oxide, reforming water vapor and continuing this water cycle. The equivalent of a drop of water distributed over 500,000 lamps will significantly increase darkening. Small amounts of substances such as zirconium are placed within the lamp as a getter to react with any oxygen that may bake out of the lamp components during operation.

Q1: How does water vapor inside a light bulb affect lamp darkening?
A1: significantly increase darkening
Q2: Why does water increase lamp darkening?
A2: The oxygen attacks the tungsten metal, and the resulting tungsten oxide particles travel to cooler parts of the lamp.
Q3: What is an example of a substance that is added to light bulbs to reduce this effect?
A3: zirconium
Q4: How much water is necessary to result in this darkening affect?
A4: The equivalent of a drop of water distributed over 500,000 lamps
Videoconferencing (History)

A videoconference system is generally higher cost than a videophone and deploys greater capabilities. A videoconference (also known as a videoteleconference) allows two or more locations to communicate via live, simultaneous two-way video and audio transmissions. This is often accomplished by the use of a multipoint control unit (a centralized distribution and call management system) or by a similar non-centralized multipoint capability embedded in each videoconferencing unit. Again, technology improvements have circumvented traditional definitions by allowing multiple party videoconferencing via web-based applications.

Q1: What is a video-conference also known as?
A1: videoteleconference
Q2: What does a video-conference use that allows communication in live situations?
A2: a multipoint control unit
Q3: What is a multi-point control unit?
A3: call management system
Q4: How does video-conferencing allow multiple parties to communicate with each other?
A4: web-based applications
Q5: How many locations can one use videoconferencing for?
A5: two or more
Internet_service_provider (Engineering and technology)

A virtual ISP (VISP) is an operation that purchases services from another ISP, sometimes called a wholesale ISP in this context, which allow the VISP's customers to access the Internet using services and infrastructure owned and operated by the wholesale ISP. VISPs resemble mobile virtual network operators and competitive local exchange carriers for voice communications.

Q1: What is a VISP?
A1: virtual ISP
Q2: What do VISPs resemble? 
A2: mobile virtual network operators
Q3: What do visps purchase services from? 
A3: a wholesale ISP
Planck_constant (Mathematics)

A watt balance is an instrument for comparing two powers, one of which is measured in SI watts and the other of which is measured in conventional electrical units. From the definition of the conventional watt W90, this gives a measure of the product KJ2RK in SI units, where RK is the von Klitzing constant which appears in the quantum Hall effect. If the theoretical treatments of the Josephson effect and the quantum Hall effect are valid, and in particular assuming that RK = h/e2, the measurement of KJ2RK is a direct determination of the Planck constant.

Q1: What is a watt balance?
A1: an instrument for comparing two powers, one of which is measured in SI watts and the other of which is measured in conventional electrical units
Q2: What value does RK represent?
A2: the von Klitzing constant which appears in the quantum Hall effect
Q3: If the effects are valid, for RK = n/e2, what is the measurement of KJ2RK equal to?
A3: the Planck constant
Switzerland (Geography and places)

A weather phenomenon known as the föhn (with an identical effect to the chinook wind) can occur at all times of the year and is characterised by an unexpectedly warm wind, bringing air of very low relative humidity to the north of the Alps during rainfall periods on the southern face of the Alps. This works both ways across the alps but is more efficient if blowing from the south due to the steeper step for oncoming wind from the south. Valleys running south to north trigger the best effect. The driest conditions persist in all inner alpine valleys that receive less rain because arriving clouds lose a lot of their content while crossing the mountains before reaching these areas. Large alpine areas such as Graubünden remain drier than pre-alpine areas and as in the main valley of the Valais wine grapes are grown there.

Q1: What is the weather phenomena characterized by an unexpected warm wind bringing low reletive humidity to the northern Alps during rainfall in the southern Alps?
A1: föhn
Q2: At what time of year can the fohn occur?
A2: all times
Q3: Where do clouds lose most of their content before getting to the inner alpine valleys?
A3: crossing the mountains
Q4: What type of grapes are grown in the valley of Valais?
A4: wine
Q5: During the fohn, from which direction is the blowing wind more efficient?
A5: the south
Web_browser (Engineering and technology)

A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application for retrieving, presenting, and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. An information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI/URL) and may be a web page, image, video or other piece of content. Hyperlinks present in resources enable users easily to navigate their browsers to related resources.

Q1: What do people typically call a web browser?
A1: browser
Q2: What platform is a browser used on?
A2: World Wide Web
Q3: What does URL mean?
A3: Uniform Resource Identifier
Q4: What allows a person to direct their browser to a resource?
A4: Hyperlinks
Muammar_Gaddafi (History)

A week after the implementation of the no-fly zone, NATO announced that it would be enforced. On 30 April a NATO airstrike killed Gaddafi's sixth son and three of his grandsons in Tripoli, though Gaddafi and his wife were unharmed. Western officials remained divided over whether Gaddafi was a legitimate military target under the U.N. Security Council resolution. U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates said that NATO was "not targeting Gaddafi specifically" but that his command-and-control facilities were legitimate targets—including a facility inside his sprawling Tripoli compound that was hit with airstrikes on 25 April.

Q1: On what date did NATO kill Gaddafi's son?
A1: 30 April
Q2: What organization killed Gaddafi's grandsons?
A2: NATO
Q3: At the time of these events, what was Robert Gates' title?
A3: Secretary of Defense
Q4: What city did NATO bomb on 25 April?
A4: Tripoli
Armenia (History)

A wide array of sports are played in Armenia, the most popular among them being wrestling, weightlifting, judo, association football, chess, and boxing. Armenia's mountainous terrain provides great opportunities for the practice of sports like skiing and climbing. Being a landlocked country, water sports can only be practiced on lakes, notably Lake Sevan. Competitively, Armenia has been successful in chess, weightlifting and wrestling at the international level. Armenia is also an active member of the international sports community, with full membership in the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) and International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). It also hosts the Pan-Armenian Games.

Q1: Which lake is most popular for water sports in Armenia?
A1: Lake Sevan
Q2: What international sports has Armenia done well at?
A2: chess, weightlifting and wrestling
Q3: What does IIHF stand for?
A3: Ice Hockey Federation
Q4: Which Games does Armenia hold?
A4: Pan-Armenian Games