LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Immaculate_Conception (Philosophy and religion)

The report "Mary: Faith and Hope in Christ", by the Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission, concluded that the teaching about Mary in the two definitions of the Assumption and the Immaculate Conception can be said to be consonant with the teaching of the Scriptures and the ancient common traditions. But the report expressed concerns that the Roman Catholic dogmatic definitions of these concepts implies them to be "revealed by God", stating: "The question arises for Anglicans, however, as to whether these doctrines concerning Mary are revealed by God in a way which must be held by believers as a matter of faith."

Q1: What was written by the a all inclusive group convened by the holy church centered in Rome ?
A1: Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission
Q2: What document did this group create once it was convened ?
A2: The report "Mary: Faith and Hope in Christ"
Q3: What did the document attempt to clarify ?
A3: teaching about Mary in the two definitions
Q4: What was the final conclusion reached in the report by the group ?
A4: Assumption and the Immaculate Conception can be said to be consonant with the teaching of the Scriptures and the ancient common traditions.
Q5: What type of interpretation did the group believe was of concern in regard to Mary ?
A5: The question arises for Anglicans, however, as to whether these doctrines concerning Mary are revealed by God in a way which must be held
Human_Development_Index (Social sciences and society)

The report showed a small increase in world HDI in comparison with last year's report. This rise was fueled by a general improvement in the developing world, especially of the least developed countries group. This marked improvement at the bottom was offset with a decrease in HDI of high income countries.

Q1: Which countries experienced a decrease in HDI?
A1: high income countries
Insect (Natural sciences)

The reproductive system of female insects consist of a pair of ovaries, accessory glands, one or more spermathecae, and ducts connecting these parts. The ovaries are made up of a number of egg tubes, called ovarioles, which vary in size and number by species. The number of eggs that the insect is able to make vary by the number of ovarioles with the rate that eggs can be develop being also influenced by ovariole design. Female insects are able make eggs, receive and store sperm, manipulate sperm from different males, and lay eggs. Accessory glands or glandular parts of the oviducts produce a variety of substances for sperm maintenance, transport and fertilization, as well as for protection of eggs. They can produce glue and protective substances for coating eggs or tough coverings for a batch of eggs called oothecae. Spermathecae are tubes or sacs in which sperm can be stored between the time of mating and the time an egg is fertilized.:880

Q1: Female insects reproductive system contain a pair of what?
A1: ovaries
Q2: What kind of glands are in a female insect's reproductive system?
A2: accessory glands
Q3: What connects the parts inside a female insect's reproductive system?
A3: ducts
Q4: Where are egg tubes are found inside of an insect?
A4: ovaries
Q5: What are egg tubes called?
A5: ovarioles
Dutch_Republic (History)

The republic was a confederation of seven provinces, which had their own governments and were very independent, and a number of so-called Generality Lands. The latter were governed directly by the States General (Staten-Generaal in Dutch), the federal government. The States General were seated in The Hague and consisted of representatives of each of the seven provinces. The provinces of the republic were, in official feudal order:

Q1: The Dutch Republic consisted of how many provinces?
A1: seven
Q2: Who were the Generality Lands governed by?
A2: the States General (Staten-Generaal in Dutch), the federal government
Q3: The States General was made up of what?
A3: representatives of each of the seven provinces
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States (Philosophy and religion)

The required beliefs of these clauses include belief in a Supreme Being and belief in a future state of rewards and punishments. (Tennessee Constitution Article IX, Section 2 is one such example.) Some of these same states specify that the oath of office include the words "so help me God." In some cases these beliefs (or oaths) were historically required of jurors and witnesses in court. At one time, such restrictions were allowed under the doctrine of states' rights; today they are deemed to be in violation of the federal First Amendment, as applied to the states via the 14th amendment, and hence unconstitutional and unenforceable.

Q1: What do the non-permissible clauses require a belief in?
A1: a Supreme Being
Q2: What's one example in Tennessee's constitution?
A2: Article IX, Section 2
Q3: What language do some of the same states specify the oath of office include?
A3: so help me God
Q4: Requiring oaths invoking God are today deemed to be in violation of what?
A4: federal First Amendment
Q5: Because such oaths are in violation of the First Amendment, they're what?
A5: unconstitutional and unenforceable
Canadian_Armed_Forces (Warfare)

The responsibility for military command remained with the British Crown-in-Council, with a commander-in-chief for North America stationed at Halifax until the final withdrawal of British Army and Royal Navy units from that city in 1906. Thereafter, the Royal Canadian Navy was formed, and, with the advent of military aviation, the Royal Canadian Air Force. These forces were organised under the Department of Militia and Defence, and split into the Permanent and Non-Permanent Active Militias—frequently shortened to simply The Militia. By 1923, the department was merged into the Department of National Defence, but land forces in Canada were not referred to as the Canadian Army until November 1940.

Q1: Who initially had military command?
A1: the British Crown-in-Council
Q2: Where was the commander-in-chief stationed?
A2: Halifax
Q3: When did the British Army and Royal Navy withdraw from Halifax?
A3: 1906
Q4: The Canadian Armed Forces were initially organized under what department?
A4: the Department of Militia and Defence
Q5: When did the unification complete of all the Canadian forces to be called the Canadian Army?
A5: November 1940
Switzerland (Geography and places)

The restoration of power to the patriciate was only temporary. After a period of unrest with repeated violent clashes such as the Züriputsch of 1839, civil war (the Sonderbundskrieg) broke out in 1847 when some Catholic cantons tried to set up a separate alliance (the Sonderbund). The war lasted for less than a month, causing fewer than 100 casualties, most of which were through friendly fire. Yet however minor the Sonderbundskrieg appears compared with other European riots and wars in the 19th century, it nevertheless had a major impact on both the psychology and the society of the Swiss and of Switzerland.

Q1: What did Catholic cantons attempt to set up which caused a civil war in 1839?
A1: a separate alliance (the Sonderbund)
Q2: What was responsible for most of the 1100 casualties incurred during the Swiss civil war in 1839?
A2: friendly fire
Q3: How long did the Swiss civil war in 1839 last?
A3: less than a month
Q4: What was the name of the Swiss civil war in 1839?
A4: the Sonderbundskrieg
Q5: How big was the impact the Sonderbundskrieg had on the psychology and society of the Swiss and Switzerland?
A5: major
Pub (History)

The restrictions were tightened by the Defence of the Realm Act of August 1914, which, along with the introduction of rationing and the censorship of the press for wartime purposes, restricted pubs' opening hours to 12 noon–2:30 pm and 6:30 pm–9:30 pm. Opening for the full licensed hours was compulsory, and closing time was equally firmly enforced by the police; a landlord might lose his licence for infractions. Pubs were closed under the Act and compensation paid, for example in Pembrokeshire.

Q1: What law further restricted public houses?
A1: the Defence of the Realm Act
Q2: In what month and year was the Defence of the Realm Act passed?
A2: August 1914
Q3: Along with the period 6:30 pm–9:30 pm, what opening hours were acceptable under the Defence of the Realm Act?
A3: 12 noon–2:30 pm
Q4: What is an example of a county where provinces were closed for violating the Defence of the Realm Act?
A4: Pembrokeshire
Q5: What body enforced pubs' closing hours under the Defence of the Realm Act?
A5: the police
John,_King_of_England (History)

The result was a sequence of innovative but unpopular financial measures.[nb 10] John levied scutage payments eleven times in his seventeen years as king, as compared to eleven times in total during the reign of the preceding three monarchs. In many cases these were levied in the absence of any actual military campaign, which ran counter to the original idea that scutage was an alternative to actual military service. John maximised his right to demand relief payments when estates and castles were inherited, sometimes charging enormous sums, beyond barons' abilities to pay. Building on the successful sale of sheriff appointments in 1194, John initiated a new round of appointments, with the new incumbents making back their investment through increased fines and penalties, particularly in the forests. Another innovation of Richard's, increased charges levied on widows who wished to remain single, was expanded under John. John continued to sell charters for new towns, including the planned town of Liverpool, and charters were sold for markets across the kingdom and in Gascony.[nb 11] The king introduced new taxes and extended existing ones. The Jews, who held a vulnerable position in medieval England, protected only by the king, were subject to huge taxes; £44,000 was extracted from the community by the tallage of 1210; much of it was passed on to the Christian debtors of Jewish moneylenders.[nb 12] John created a new tax on income and movable goods in 1207 – effectively a version of a modern income tax – that produced £60,000; he created a new set of import and export duties payable directly to the crown. John found that these measures enabled him to raise further resources through the confiscation of the lands of barons who could not pay or refused to pay.

Q1: How many times did John levi scutage payments?
A1: eleven
Q2: When did John initiate a new round of appointments?
A2: 1194
Q3: Who were subject to huge taxes?
A3: The Jews
Q4: When did John create a new tax on income and movable goods?
A4: 1207
Korean_War (Warfare)

The resultant South Korean government promulgated a national political constitution on 17 July 1948, and elected Syngman Rhee as President on 20 July 1948. The Republic of Korea (South Korea) was established on 15 August 1948. In the Russian Korean Zone of Occupation, the Soviet Union established a Communist North Korean government led by Kim Il-sung. President Rhee's régime excluded communists and leftists from southern politics. Disenfranchised, they headed for the hills, to prepare for guerrilla war against the US-sponsored ROK Government.

Q1: When was South Korea's constitution created?
A1: 1948
Q2: Who was elected president of South Korea on July 20, 1948?
A2: Syngman Rhee
Q3: What year was the Republic of Korea established?
A3: 1948
Q4: Who led the Russian Koran Zone of Occupation?
A4: Kim Il-sung
Q5: What two groups were excluded from the South Korean political process?
A5: communists and leftists
Napoleon (History)

The resulting Treaty of Schönbrunn in October 1809 was the harshest that France had imposed on Austria in recent memory. Metternich and Archduke Charles had the preservation of the Habsburg Empire as their fundamental goal, and to this end they succeeded by making Napoleon seek more modest goals in return for promises of friendship between the two powers. Nevertheless, while most of the hereditary lands remained a part of the Habsburg realm, France received Carinthia, Carniola, and the Adriatic ports, while Galicia was given to the Poles and the Salzburg area of the Tyrol went to the Bavarians. Austria lost over three million subjects, about one-fifth of her total population, as a result of these territorial changes. Although fighting in Iberia continued, the War of the Fifth Coalition would be the last major conflict on the European continent for the next three years.

Q1: When was the Treaty of Schönbrunn signed?
A1: October 1809
Q2: The goal of Metternich and Archduke Charles regarding the Treaty of Schönbrunn was to attempt the preservation of what?
A2: the Habsburg Empire
Q3: In the Treaty of Schönbrunn, what territory was given to the Poles?
A3: Galicia
Q4: In the Treaty of Schönbrunn, who received the Salzburg area of the Tyrol?
A4: the Bavarians
Q5: Approximately how many subjects did Austria lose as the result of the changes brought about by the Treaty of Schönbrunn?
A5: three million
Cork_(city) (History)

The retail trade in Cork city includes a mix of both modern, state of the art shopping centres and family owned local shops. Department stores cater for all budgets, with expensive boutiques for one end of the market and high street stores also available. Shopping centres can be found in many of Cork's suburbs, including Blackpool, Ballincollig, Douglas, Ballyvolane, Wilton and Mahon Point. Others are available in the city centre. These include the recently[when?] completed development of two large malls The Cornmarket Centre on Cornmarket Street, and new the retail street called "Opera Lane" off St. Patrick's Street/Academy Street. The Grand Parade scheme, on the site of the former Capitol Cineplex, was planning-approved for 60,000 square feet (5,600 m2) of retail space, with work commencing in 2016. Cork's main shopping street is St. Patrick's Street and is the most expensive street in the country per sq. metre after Dublin's Grafton Street. As of 2015[update] this area has been impacted by the post-2008 downturn, with many retail spaces available for let.[citation needed] Other shopping areas in the city centre include Oliver Plunkett St. and Grand Parade. Cork is also home to some of the country's leading department stores with the foundations of shops such as Dunnes Stores and the former Roches Stores being laid in the city. Outside the city centre is Mahon Point Shopping Centre.

Q1: What types of retail offerings are found in Cork?
A1: state of the art shopping centres and family owned local shops
Q2: What happened after the economy dropped off around 2008?
A2: many retail spaces available for let
Q3: What major department stores gottheir starts in Cork?
A3: Dunnes Stores and the former Roches Stores
Q4: When will work on the Grand Parade begin?
A4: 2016
Q5: How large is the retail space in the Grand Parade proposed to be?
A5: 60,000 square feet (5,600 m2)
Estonian_language (Language and literature)

The return of Soviet immigrants to their countries of origin has brought the proportion of Estonians in Estonia back above 70%. And again as in Latvia, today many of the remnant non-Estonians in Estonia have adopted the Estonian language; about 40% at the 2000 census.

Q1: Following the departure of the Soviet immigrants what was the percentage of Estonians in Estonia?
A1: above 70%
Arsenal_F.C. (Sports and recreation)

The return of former player George Graham as manager in 1986 brought a third period of glory. Arsenal won the League Cup in 1987, Graham's first season in charge. This was followed by a League title win in 1988–89, won with a last-minute goal in the final game of the season against fellow title challengers Liverpool. Graham's Arsenal won another title in 1990–91, losing only one match, won the FA Cup and League Cup double in 1993, and a second European trophy, the European Cup Winners' Cup, in 1994. Graham's reputation was tarnished when he was found to have taken kickbacks from agent Rune Hauge for signing certain players, and he was dismissed in 1995. His replacement, Bruce Rioch, lasted for only one season, leaving the club after a dispute with the board of directors.

Q1: What former Arsenal player became manager in 1986?
A1: George Graham
Q2: Under the direction of Graham, what trophy did Arsenal win in 1987?
A2: League Cup
Q3: What competitor did Arsenal defeat to win a league title in the 1988-89 season?
A3: Liverpool
Q4: In what year did Arsenal win their second European cup?
A4: 1994
Q5: What action did Graham get caught doing to get fired by Arsenal?
A5: kickbacks
Heresy (Philosophy and religion)

The revisionist paleontologist Robert T. Bakker, who published his findings as The Dinosaur Heresies, treated the mainstream view of dinosaurs as dogma. "I have enormous respect for dinosaur paleontologists past and present. But on average, for the last fifty years, the field hasn't tested dinosaur orthodoxy severely enough." page 27 "Most taxonomists, however, have viewed such new terminology as dangerously destabilizing to the traditional and well-known scheme..." page 462. This book apparently influenced Jurassic Park. The illustrations by the author show dinosaurs in very active poses, in contrast to the traditional perception of lethargy. He is an example of a recent scientific endoheretic.

Q1: What is the title of the book published by Robert T. Bakker regarding mainstream opinion of dinosaurs?
A1: The Dinosaur Heresies
Q2: What criticism did Robert T. Bakker share about the paleontologist community regarding the last fifty years?
A2: the field hasn't tested dinosaur orthodoxy severely enough
Q3: What film did Robert T. Bakker's book reportedly influence?
A3: Jurassic Park
Q4: What type of poses did the book's illustrations portray dinosaurs as?
A4: active poses
Q5: What label is associated with Robert T. Bakker as a result of his work?
A5: endoheretic
Georgian_architecture (Art and architecture)

The revived Georgian style that emerged in Britain at the beginning of the 20th century is usually referred to as Neo-Georgian; the work of Edwin Lutyens includes many examples. Versions of the Neo-Georgian style were commonly used in Britain for certain types of urban architecture until the late 1950s, Bradshaw Gass & Hope's Police Headquarters in Salford of 1958 being a good example. In both the United States and Britain, the Georgian style is still employed by architects like Quinlan Terry Julian Bicknell and Fairfax and Sammons for private residences.

Q1: The British revival of Georgian architecture in the 20th century is generally referred to as?
A1: Neo-Georgian
Q2: Neo-Georgain style was common in Britain until the end of which decade?
A2: 1950s
Q3: Which police headquarters was constructed in 1958?
A3: Bradshaw Gass & Hope's Police Headquarters
Q4: Which architects in the US and Britain still employ the Georgian style for private residences?
A4: Quinlan Terry Julian Bicknell and Fairfax and Sammons
Somalis (Geography and places)

The revolutionary army established large-scale public works programs and successfully implemented an urban and rural literacy campaign, which helped dramatically increase the literacy rate. In addition to a nationalization program of industry and land, the new regime's foreign policy placed an emphasis on Somalia's traditional and religious links with the Arab world, eventually joining the Arab League (AL) in 1974. That same year, Barre also served as chairman of the Organization of African Unity (OAU), the predecessor of the African Union (AU).

Q1: What did the new government nationalize along with land?
A1: industry
Q2: What international body did the new government join?
A2: the Arab League
Q3: In what year did the new government enter the Arab League?
A3: 1974
Q4: What organization would the Organization of African Unity later become?
A4: the African Union
Q5: What rate did the new government's programs significantly increase?
A5: literacy
Circadian_rhythm (Natural sciences)

The rhythm is linked to the light–dark cycle. Animals, including humans, kept in total darkness for extended periods eventually function with a free-running rhythm. Their sleep cycle is pushed back or forward each "day", depending on whether their "day", their endogenous period, is shorter or longer than 24 hours. The environmental cues that reset the rhythms each day are called zeitgebers (from the German, "time-givers"). Totally blind subterranean mammals (e.g., blind mole rat Spalax sp.) are able to maintain their endogenous clocks in the apparent absence of external stimuli. Although they lack image-forming eyes, their photoreceptors (which detect light) are still functional; they do surface periodically as well.[page needed]

Q1: To what is the circadian rhythm tied?
A1: light–dark cycle
Q2: What conditions will produce a free-running rhythm in humans?
A2: total darkness
Q3: What are the environmental factors that can change the rhythm?
A3: zeitgebers
Q4: What do blind mole rats have in place of vision?
A4: photoreceptors
University_of_Notre_Dame (Geography and places)

The rise of Hitler and other dictators in the 1930s forced numerous Catholic intellectuals to flee Europe; president John O'Hara brought many to Notre Dame. From Germany came Anton-Hermann Chroust (1907–1982) in classics and law, and Waldemar Gurian a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent. Positivism dominated American intellectual life in the 1920s onward but in marked contrast, Gurian received a German Catholic education and wrote his doctoral dissertation under Max Scheler. Ivan Meštrović (1883–1962), a renowned sculptor, brought Croatian culture to campus, 1955–62. Yves Simon (1903–61), brought to ND in the 1940s the insights of French studies in the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition of philosophy; his own teacher Jacques Maritain (1882–73) was a frequent visitor to campus.

Q1: What caused many intellectual Catholics to leave europe in the 1930s?
A1: The rise of Hitler and other dictators
Q2: From where did Anton-Hermann Chroust come to reach Notre Dame?
A2: Germany
Q3: What field of study did Anton-Hermann Chroust specialize in?
A3: classics and law
Q4: Who did Waldemar Gurian receive his tutelage under while seeking his doctorate?
A4: Max Scheler
Q5: What was Ivan Meštrović known for being?
A5: a renowned sculptor
Political_philosophy (History)

The rise of Islam, based on both the Qur'an and Muhammad strongly altered the power balances and perceptions of origin of power in the Mediterranean region. Early Islamic philosophy emphasized an inexorable link between science and religion, and the process of ijtihad to find truth—in effect all philosophy was "political" as it had real implications for governance. This view was challenged by the "rationalist" Mutazilite philosophers, who held a more Hellenic view, reason above revelation, and as such are known to modern scholars as the first speculative theologians of Islam; they were supported by a secular aristocracy who sought freedom of action independent of the Caliphate. By the late ancient period, however, the "traditionalist" Asharite view of Islam had in general triumphed. According to the Asharites, reason must be subordinate to the Quran and the Sunna.

Q1: What strongly altered the power balances and perceptions of origin of power in the Mediterranean region?
A1: The rise of Islam
Q2: What emphasized an inexorable link between science and religion?
A2: Early Islamic philosophy
Q3: Who challenged the early Islamic philosophy's views?
A3: the "rationalist" Mutazilite philosophers
Q4: What type of views did the "rationalist" Mutaziite philosophers hold?
A4: Hellenic view