LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Human_Development_Index (Social sciences and society)

Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2011 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, South Sudan, Somalia and Tuvalu.

Q1: What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2011 report?
A1: unavailability of certain crucial data
Q2: Which East Asian dictatorship was excluded from the 2011 report?
A2: North Korea
Human_Development_Index (Social sciences and society)

Some countries were not included for various reasons, primarily the lack of necessary data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2014 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, Somalia, India, Pakistan, South Sudan, and Tuvalu.

Q1: What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2014 report?
A1: lack of necessary data
Q2: Which East Asian dictatorship was excluded from the 2014 report?
A2: North Korea
Human_Development_Index (Social sciences and society)

Some countries were not included for various reasons, such as being a non-UN member or unable or unwilling to provide the necessary data at the time of publication. Besides the states with limited recognition, the following states were also not included.

Q1: What three reasons were mentioned for countries being excluded?
A1: being a non-UN member or unable or unwilling to provide the necessary data at the time of publication
Textual_criticism (Language and literature)

Some critics believe that a clear-text edition gives the edited text too great a prominence, relegating textual variants to appendices that are difficult to use, and suggesting a greater sense of certainty about the established text than it deserves. As Shillingsburg notes, "English scholarly editions have tended to use notes at the foot of the text page, indicating, tacitly, a greater modesty about the "established" text and drawing attention more forcibly to at least some of the alternative forms of the text".

Q1: Are appendices easy to use for the average reader?
A1: appendices that are difficult to use,
Q2: Can a reader be certain of the validity of information found in a clear-text edition?
A2: suggesting a greater sense of certainty about the established text than it deserves
Q3: How do most editors work around the reference problems of clear-text editing?
A3: notes at the foot of the text page
Q4: Where can a reader find more information on text variants after noticing a footnote?
A4: appendices
Classical_music (Music)

Some critics express the opinion that it is only from the mid-19th century, and especially in the 20th century, that the score began to hold such a high significance. Previously, improvisation (in preludes, cadenzas and ornaments), rhythmic flexibility (e.g., tempo rubato), improvisatory deviation from the score and oral tradition of playing was integral to the style. Yet in the 20th century, this oral tradition and passing on of stylistic features within classical music disappeared. Instead, musicians tend to use just the score to play music. Yet, even with the score providing the key elements of the music, there is considerable controversy about how to perform the works. Some of this controversy relates to the fact that this score-centric approach has led to performances that emphasize metrically strict block-rhythms (just as the music is notated in the score).

Q1: Improvisation is integral before what took a high significance?
A1: the score
Q2: When did oral tradition disappear?
A2: the 20th century
Q3: There is still controversy about how to perform works, even though scores provide what?
A3: key elements of the music
Q4: A score-centric approach strictly emphasizes what?
A4: block-rhythms
Materialism (Philosophy and religion)

Some critics object to materialism as part of an overly skeptical, narrow or reductivist approach to theorizing, rather than to the ontological claim that matter is the only substance. Particle physicist and Anglican theologian John Polkinghorne objects to what he calls promissory materialism — claims that materialistic science will eventually succeed in explaining phenomena it has not so far been able to explain. Polkinghorne prefers "dual-aspect monism" to faith in materialism.

Q1: Instead of faith, John Polkinghorne relies on what when it comes to the theory of materialism?
A1: dual-aspect monism
Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact (History)

Some critics of Stalin's policy, such as the popular writer Viktor Suvorov, claim that Stalin's primary motive for signing the Soviet–German non-aggression treaty was his calculation that such a pact could result in a conflict between the capitalist countries of Western Europe.[citation needed] This idea is supported by Albert L. Weeks.[page needed] Claims by Suvorov that Stalin planned to invade Germany in 1941 are debated by historians with, for example, David Glantz opposing such claims, while Mikhail Meltyukhov supports them.[citation needed] The authors of The Black Book of Communism consider the pact a crime against peace and a "conspiracy to conduct war of aggression."

Q1: Who was skeptical of Stalin’s policies?
A1: Viktor Suvorov
Q2: What is the claim the pact promoted, purported by the The Black Book of Communism?
A2: a "conspiracy to conduct war of aggression."
Q3: Who doesn’t believe that Joseph Stalin had plans to invade Germany?
A3: David Glantz
Intellectual_property (History)

Some critics of intellectual property, such as those in the free culture movement, point at intellectual monopolies as harming health (in the case of pharmaceutical patents), preventing progress, and benefiting concentrated interests to the detriment of the masses, and argue that the public interest is harmed by ever-expansive monopolies in the form of copyright extensions, software patents, and business method patents. More recently scientists and engineers are expressing concern that patent thickets are undermining technological development even in high-tech fields like nanotechnology.

Q1: What can be harmed by pharmaceutical patents?
A1: health
Q2: IP benefits concentrated interests to whose detriment?
A2: the masses
Q3: Whose interests are harmed by expanding IP?
A3: the public
Q4: Developments in nanotechnology are being undermined by what type of IP?
A4: patent
Q5: What type of monopolies does IP create?
A5: intellectual
Pope_Paul_VI (Philosophy and religion)

Some critiqued Paul VI's decision; the newly created Synod of Bishops had an advisory role only and could not make decisions on their own, although the Council decided exactly that. During the pontificate of Paul VI, five such synods took place, and he is on record of implementing all their decisions. Related questions were raised about the new National Bishop Conferences, which became mandatory after Vatican II. Others questioned his Ostpolitik and contacts with Communism and the deals he engaged in for the faithful.

Q1: How many Synod of Bishops took place during Paul VI's papacy?
A1: five
Q2: What conferences became a requirement after Vatican II?
A2: National Bishop Conferences
Q3: What political movement was Paul VI criticized for having a relationship with?
A3: Communism
Q4: The Council, under Paul VI, decided whom could make decisions independently of Rome?
A4: Bishops
Q5: How many of his bishop's decisions did Paul VI end up enacting?
A5: all
Southern_Europe (Geography and places)

Some definitions of southern Europe, also known as Mediterranean Europe, include the countries of the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal), the Italian peninsula, southern France and Greece. Other definitions sometimes include the Balkan countries of southeast Europe, which are geographically in the southern part of Europe, but which have different historical, political, economic, and cultural backgrounds.

Q1: What is another term for southern Europe
A1: Mediterranean Europe
Q2: What is the name for the stretch of land on which Spain and Portugal are located?
A2: Iberian peninsula
Q3: What nations are sometimes included in the scope of southern Europe?
A3: Balkan countries
Q4: What area of France is considered a part of Mediterranean Europe?
A4: southern France
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 (History)

Some developing countries that had seen strong economic growth saw significant slowdowns. For example, growth forecasts in Cambodia show a fall from more than 10% in 2007 to close to zero in 2009, and Kenya may achieve only 3–4% growth in 2009, down from 7% in 2007. According to the research by the Overseas Development Institute, reductions in growth can be attributed to falls in trade, commodity prices, investment and remittances sent from migrant workers (which reached a record $251 billion in 2007, but have fallen in many countries since). This has stark implications and has led to a dramatic rise in the number of households living below the poverty line, be it 300,000 in Bangladesh or 230,000 in Ghana. Especially states with a fragile political system have to fear that investors from Western states withdraw their money because of the crisis. Bruno Wenn of the German DEG recommends to provide a sound economic policymaking and good governance to attract new investors

Q1: What is the growth forecast for Cambodia in 2009?
A1: close to zero
Q2: How much were remittances sent from migrant workers in 2007?
A2: $251 billion
Q3: How many people live below the poverty line in Bangladesh?
A3: 300,000
Q4: What does Bruno Wenn of the German DEG recommend to attract new investors?
A4: sound economic policymaking and good governance
Q5: According to Overseas Development Institute, what is one reason for the reduction in growth in developing countries?
A5: falls in trade
USB (Engineering and technology)

Some devices, such as high-speed external disk drives, require more than 500 mA of current and therefore may have power issues if powered from just one USB 2.0 port: erratic function, failure to function, or overloading/damaging the port. Such devices may come with an external power source or a Y-shaped cable that has two USB connectors (one for power and data, the other for power only) to plug into a computer. With such a cable, a device can draw power from two USB ports simultaneously. However, USB compliance specification states that "use of a 'Y' cable (a cable with two A-plugs) is prohibited on any USB peripheral", meaning that "if a USB peripheral requires more power than allowed by the USB specification to which it is designed, then it must be self-powered."

Q1: What is an example of a device that requires more than 500 mA of current?
A1: high-speed external disk drives
Q2: What is an issue that may occur if a high-speed external disk drive is powered from just one USB 2.0 port.
A2: may have power issues
Q3: What does USB compliance specification prohibit?
A3: "use of a 'Y' cable (a cable with two A-plugs)
Dog (Natural sciences)

Some dog breeds have acquired traits through selective breeding that interfere with reproduction. Male French Bulldogs, for instance, are incapable of mounting the female. For many dogs of this breed, the female must be artificially inseminated in order to reproduce.

Q1: Which dog is not able to mount a female dog?
A1: Male French Bulldogs
Multiracial_American (History)

Some early male settlers married Indigenous American women and had informal unions with them. Early contact between Indigenous Americans and Europeans was often charged with tension, but also had moments of friendship, cooperation, and intimacy. Marriages took place in both English and Latin colonies between European men and Native women. For instance, on April 5, 1614, Pocahontas, a Powhatan woman in present-day Virginia, married the Englishman John Rolfe of Jamestown. Their son Thomas Rolfe was an ancestor to many descendants in First Families of Virginia. As a result, English laws did not exclude people with some Indigenous American ancestry from being considered English or white.

Q1: When was the wedding of Rolfe and Pocahontas?
A1: April 5, 1614
Q2: What did English laws not exclude people with some native blood from being?
A2: considered English or white
Q3: Who married Indigenous women early on?
A3: male settlers
Q4: Where did Rolfe marry Pocahontas?
A4: present-day Virginia
Q5: Who was an ancestor of the First Families of Virginia?
A5: Thomas Rolfe
Hard_rock (Music)

Some established acts continued to enjoy commercial success, such as Aerosmith, with their number one multi-platinum albums: Get a Grip (1993), which produced four Top 40 singles and became the band's best-selling album worldwide (going on to sell over 10 million copies), and Nine Lives (1997). In 1998, Aerosmith released the number one hit "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing", which remains the only single by a hard rock band to debut at number one. AC/DC produced the double platinum Ballbreaker (1995). Bon Jovi appealed to their hard rock audience with songs such as "Keep the Faith" (1992), but also achieved success in adult contemporary radio, with the Top 10 ballads "Bed of Roses" (1993) and "Always" (1994). Bon Jovi's 1995 album These Days was a bigger hit in Europe than it was in the United States, spawning four Top 10 singles on the UK Singles Chart. Metallica's Load (1996) and ReLoad (1997) each sold in excess of 4 million copies in the US and saw the band develop a more melodic and blues rock sound. As the initial impetus of grunge bands faltered in the middle years of the decade, post-grunge bands emerged. They emulated the attitudes and music of grunge, particularly thick, distorted guitars, but with a more radio-friendly commercially oriented sound that drew more directly on traditional hard rock. Among the most successful acts were the Foo Fighters, Candlebox, Live, Collective Soul, Australia's Silverchair and England's Bush, who all cemented post-grunge as one of the most commercially viable subgenres by the late 1990s. Similarly, some post-Britpop bands that followed in the wake of Oasis, including Feeder and Stereophonics, adopted a hard rock or "pop-metal" sound.

Q1: What Aerosmith ballad debuted at number one on the charts?
A1: "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing"
Q2: What was the title of AC/DC's 1995 double lp?
A2: Ballbreaker
Q3: Bon Jovi's 1995 album was called what?
A3: These Days
Q4: What commercially successful sub-genre emerged from the grunge movement?
A4: post-grunge
Q5: When did Aerosmith's album Get A Grip come out?
A5: 1993
Pesticide (Natural sciences)

Some evidence shows that alternatives to pesticides can be equally effective as the use of chemicals. For example, Sweden has halved its use of pesticides with hardly any reduction in crops.[unreliable source?] In Indonesia, farmers have reduced pesticide use on rice fields by 65% and experienced a 15% crop increase.[unreliable source?] A study of Maize fields in northern Florida found that the application of composted yard waste with high carbon to nitrogen ratio to agricultural fields was highly effective at reducing the population of plant-parasitic nematodes and increasing crop yield, with yield increases ranging from 10% to 212%; the observed effects were long-term, often not appearing until the third season of the study.

Q1: How much was Sweden able to lower thier pesticide usage?
A1: halved its use
Q2: What other country has reduced its pesticide usage?
A2: Indonesia
Q3: What natural substance has been found to effectively increase crop yields
A3: carbon to nitrogen
Q4: What amount of gain in crops can be contributed to application of composted yard waste?
A4: 10% to 212%
Adolescence (Natural sciences)

Some examples of social and religious transition ceremonies that can be found in the U.S., as well as in other cultures around the world, are Confirmation, Bar and Bat Mitzvahs, Quinceañeras, sweet sixteens, cotillions, and débutante balls. In other countries, initiation ceremonies play an important role, marking the transition into adulthood or the entrance into adolescence. This transition may be accompanied by obvious physical changes, which can vary from a change in clothing to tattoos and scarification. Furthermore, transitions into adulthood may also vary by gender, and specific rituals may be more common for males or for females. This illuminates the extent to which adolescence is, at least in part, a social construction; it takes shape differently depending on the cultural context, and may be enforced more by cultural practices or transitions than by universal chemical or biological physical changes.

Q1: What are a few examples of social and religious transition ceremonies?
A1: Confirmation, Bar and Bat Mitzvahs, Quinceañeras, sweet sixteens, cotillions, and débutante balls
Q2: What are some physical ways that some cultures mark the transition into adulthood?
A2: tattoos and scarification
Q3: Do cultural transitions into adulthood vary, or are they the same?
A3: vary
Treaty (Language and literature)

Some examples: the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) established a framework for the development of binding greenhouse gas emission limits, while the Kyoto Protocol contained the specific provisions and regulations later agreed upon.

Q1: The Kyoto Protocol is associated with what treaty?
A1: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Q2: The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was supplemented by what protocol?
A2: the Kyoto Protocol
Q3: The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change established a framework for the development of what?
A3: binding greenhouse gas emission limits
Q4: While the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change established a framework for developing greenhouse gas emission limits, the Kyoto Protocol contained what?
A4: the specific provisions and regulations later agreed upon
Q5: The agreement that contained specific provisions related to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is an example of what agreement that supplements a treaty?
A5: Protocol
Wood (Natural sciences)

Some experiments on very resinous Longleaf Pine specimens indicate an increase in strength, due to the resin which increases the strength when dry. Such resin-saturated heartwood is called "fat lighter". Structures built of fat lighter are almost impervious to rot and termites; however they are very flammable. Stumps of old longleaf pines are often dug, split into small pieces and sold as kindling for fires. Stumps thus dug may actually remain a century or more since being cut. Spruce impregnated with crude resin and dried is also greatly increased in strength thereby.

Q1: What type of tree has resin that makes it stronger when it dries?
A1: Longleaf Pine
Q2: What's the funny name for resin-saturated heartwood?
A2: fat lighter
Q3: What is fat lighter practically impervious to in addition to termites?
A3: rot
Q4: If spruce is shot full of crude resin and dried, which of its properties is increased?
A4: strength
Q5: Since it's highly flammable, what do people often use little pieces of longleaf pine tree stumps for?
A5: kindling
Professional_wrestling (Sports and recreation)

Some fans enjoy a pastime of collecting tapes of wrestling shows from specific companies, of certain wrestlers, or of specific genres. The Internet has given fans exposure to worldwide variations of wrestling they would be unable to see otherwise. Since the 1990s, many companies have been founded which deal primarily in wrestling footage. When the WWF purchased both WCW and ECW in 2001, they also obtained the entire past video libraries of both productions and have released many past matches online and on home video.

Q1: What do some fans like to do?
A1: collecting tapes of wrestling shows
Q2: What has the internet done for wrestling fans? 
A2: exposure to worldwide variations of wrestling
Q3: Many companies who handle wrestling footage have been founded since what decade?
A3: 1990s
Q4: What companies did WWF purchase in 2001? 
A4: WCW and ECW
Federalism (History)

Some federal constitutions also provide that certain constitutional amendments cannot occur without the unanimous consent of all states or of a particular state. The US constitution provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent. In Australia, if a proposed amendment will specifically impact one or more states, then it must be endorsed in the referendum held in each of those states. Any amendment to the Canadian constitution that would modify the role of the monarchy would require unanimous consent of the provinces. The German Basic Law provides that no amendment is admissible at all that would abolish the federal system.

Q1: The US Constitution says what to amendments? 
A1: provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent
Q2: What happens when certain constitutional amendments cannot occur?
A2: cannot occur without the unanimous consent of all states or of a particular state
Q3: Any amendment in the Canadian constitution that needs to be modified, needs to do what first?
A3: would require unanimous consent of the provinces.
Q4: What is the German basic law?
A4: provides that no amendment is admissible at all that would abolish the federal system.
God (Philosophy and religion)

Some findings in the fields of cosmology, evolutionary biology and neuroscience are interpreted by atheists (including Lawrence M. Krauss and Sam Harris) as evidence that God is an imaginary entity only, with no basis in reality. A single, omniscient God who is imagined to have created the universe and is particularly attentive to the lives of humans has been imagined, embellished and promulgated in a trans-generational manner. Richard Dawkins interprets various findings not only as a lack of evidence for the material existence of such a God but extensive evidence to the contrary.

Q1: How does Dawkins interpret evidence for or against the existence of God?
A1: a lack of evidence for the material existence
Q2: What do atheists believe of God?
A2: an imaginary entity only
Q3: How long has the thought of the existence of God been carried on?
A3: trans-generational
Q4: How does Dawkins interpret his findings on the existence, or not, of God.
A4: a lack of evidence for the material existence of such a God
Q5: Who believes God isn't real?
A5: Lawrence M. Krauss and Sam Harris
Aspirated_consonant (Language and literature)

Some forms of Greek before the Koine Greek period are reconstructed as having aspirated stops. The Classical Attic dialect of Ancient Greek had a three-way distinction in stops like Eastern Armenian: /t tʰ d/. These stops were called ψιλά, δασέα, μέσα "thin, thick, middle" by Koine Greek grammarians.

Q1: Early Greek (before Koine) have been redone with what?
A1: aspirated stops.
Q2: What Greek dialect had three-way stop distinction like Eastern Armenian?
A2: Classical Attic
Q3: Who referred to the Classical Attic dialect stops by the three distinctions?
A3: Greek grammarians
Political_corruption (Social sciences and society)

Some forms of corruption – now called "institutional corruption" – are distinguished from bribery and other kinds of obvious personal gain. A similar problem of corruption arises in any institution that depends on financial support from people who have interests that may conflict with the primary purpose of the institution.

Q1: What are some forms of corruption now  called?
A1: institutional corruption
Q2: Institutional corruption is distinguished from what type of corruption?
A2: bribery
Q3: This type of problem happens in any organization where the interests of the people who financially support it conflicts with what?
A3: the primary purpose of the institution