LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Samoa (Geography and places)

Albert Wendt is a significant Samoan writer whose novels and stories tell the Samoan experience. In 1989, his novel Flying Fox in a Freedom Tree was made into a feature film in New Zealand, directed by Martyn Sanderson. Another novel Sons for the Return Home had also been made into a feature film in 1979, directed by Paul Maunder. The late John Kneubuhl, born in American Samoa, was an accomplished playwright and screenwriter and writer. Sia Figiel won the 1997 Commonwealth Writers' Prize for fiction in the south-east Asia/South Pacific region with her novel "Where We Once Belonged". Momoe Von Reiche is an internationally recognised poet and artist. Tusiata Avia is a performance poet. Her first book of poetry Wild Dogs Under My Skirt was published by Victoria University Press in 2004. Dan Taulapapa McMullin is an artist and writer. Other Samoan poets and writers include Sapa'u Ruperake Petaia, Eti Sa'aga and Savea Sano Malifa, the editor of the Samoa Observer.

Q1: What Samoan author write Flying Fox in Freedom Tree?
A1: Albert Wendt
Q2: In what country was Flying Fox in Freedom Tree made into a feature film?
A2: New Zealand
Q3: Which Wendt novel was made into a film directed by Paul Maunder?
A3: Sons for the Return Home
Q4: Who won a Commonwealth Writers' Prize for fiction for her book "Where We Once Belonged"?
A4: Sia Figiel
Q5: What type of literature does Tusiata Avia write?
A5: poetry
George_VI (History)

Albert assumed the regnal name "George VI" to emphasise continuity with his father and restore confidence in the monarchy. The beginning of George VI's reign was taken up by questions surrounding his predecessor and brother, whose titles, style and position were uncertain. He had been introduced as "His Royal Highness Prince Edward" for the abdication broadcast, but George VI felt that by abdicating and renouncing the succession Edward had lost the right to bear royal titles, including "Royal Highness". In settling the issue, George's first act as king was to confer upon his brother the title and style "His Royal Highness The Duke of Windsor", but the Letters Patent creating the dukedom prevented any wife or children from bearing royal styles. George VI was also forced to buy from Edward the royal residences of Balmoral Castle and Sandringham House, as these were private properties and did not pass to George VI automatically. Three days after his accession, on his 41st birthday, he invested his wife, the new queen consort, with the Order of the Garter.

Q1: What regnal name did Albert adopt?
A1: George VI
Q2: What title did Albert give Edward?
A2: His Royal Highness The Duke of Windsor
Q3: What did Albert bestow onto his wife on his 41st birthday?
A3: the Order of the Garter
Q4: Which two residences did Albert buy from Edward?
A4: Balmoral Castle and Sandringham House
George_VI (History)

Albert spent the first six months of 1913 on the training ship HMS Cumberland in the West Indies and on the east coast of Canada. He was rated as a midshipman aboard HMS Collingwood on 15 September 1913, and spent three months in the Mediterranean. His fellow officers gave him the nickname "Mr. Johnson". One year after his commission, he began service in the First World War. He was mentioned in despatches for his action as a turret officer aboard Collingwood in the Battle of Jutland (31 May – 1 June 1916), an indecisive engagement with the German navy that was the largest naval action of the war. He did not see further combat, largely because of ill health caused by a duodenal ulcer, for which he had an operation in November 1917.

Q1: Which ship did Alber train on in 1913?
A1: HMS Cumberland
Q2: How many months did Albert spend in the Mediterranean in 1913?
A2: three months
Q3: Which war did Albert serve in?
A3: First World War
Q4: Who gave Albert the nickname of "Mr Johnson"?
A4: fellow officers
Q5: What was the cause of Albert's ill health in 1917?
A5: duodenal ulcer
Dominican_Order (Philosophy and religion)

Albert the Great wrote that wisdom and understanding enhance one's faith in God. According to him, these are the tools that God uses to commune with a contemplative. Love in the soul is both the cause and result of true understanding and judgement. It causes not only an intellectual knowledge of God, but a spiritual and emotional knowledge as well. Contemplation is the means whereby one can obtain this goal of understanding. Things that once seemed static and unchanging become full of possibility and perfection. The contemplative then knows that God is, but she does not know what God is. Thus, contemplation forever produces a mystified, imperfect knowledge of God. The soul is exalted beyond the rest of God's creation but it cannot see God Himself.

Q1: What enhances man's faith in God according to Albertus Magnus?
A1: wisdom
Q2: What is a tool that God uses to speak to the average man?
A2: understanding
Q3: How can man obtain understanding of God?
A3: Contemplation
Q4: If someone contemplates God forever, what type of knowledge will they obtain?
A4: imperfect
Q5: What cannot see God itself?
A5: The soul
Dominican_Order (Philosophy and religion)

Albertus Magnus championed the idea, drawn from Dionysus, that positive knowledge of God is possible, but obscure. Thus, it is easier to state what God is not, than to state what God is: "... we affirm things of God only relatively, that is, casually, whereas we deny things of God absolutely, that is, with reference to what He is in Himself. And there is no contradiction between a relative affirmation and an absolute negation. It is not contradictory to say that someone is white-toothed and not white".

Q1: What idea did Albertus champion?
A1: positive knowledge of God is possible
Q2: Who influenced Magnus at this time?
A2: Dionysus
Q3: What is it easier to do regarding God?
A3: state what God is not
Q4: How do we deny things of God?
A4: absolutely
Incandescent_light_bulb (Engineering and technology)

Albon Man, a New York lawyer, started Electro-Dynamic Light Company in 1878 to exploit his patents and those of William Sawyer. Weeks later the United States Electric Lighting Company was organized. This company didn't made their first commercial installation of incandescent lamps until the fall of 1880 at the Mercantile Safe Deposit Company in New York City, about six months after the Edison incandescent lamps had been installed on the Columbia. Hiram S. Maxim was the chief engineer at the United States Electric Lighting Company.

Q1: Who founded Electro-Dynamic Light Company?
A1: Albon Man
Q2: Who was the chief engineer at the United States Electric Lighting Company?
A2: Hiram S. Maxim
Q3: Where did Electro-Dynamic Light Company install its first lights?
A3: Mercantile Safe Deposit Company
Q4: When did Electro-Dynamic Light Company install its first lights?
A4: fall of 1880
Q5: Which company was organized first, Electro-Dynamic Light Company or United States Electric Lighting Company?
A5: Electro-Dynamic Light Company
Franco-Prussian_War (History)

Albrecht von Roon, the Prussian Minister of War from 1859 to 1873, put into effect a series of reforms of the Prussian military system in the 1860s. Among these were two major reforms that substantially increased the military power of Germany. The first was a reorganization of the army that integrated the regular army and the Landwehr reserves. The second was the provision for the conscription of every male Prussian of military age in the event of mobilization. Thus, despite the population of France being greater than the population of all of the German states that participated in the war, the Germans mobilized more soldiers for battle.

Q1: Who was the Prussian Minister of War?
A1: Albrecht von Roon
Q2: What was the time span that von Roon acted as minister?
A2: 1859 to 1873
Q3: He instituted a series of what regarding the Prussian military?
A3: reforms
Q4: What was the first step in the reforms?
A4: a reorganization of the army
Q5: What was the second reform?
A5: the conscription of every male
MP3 (Engineering and technology)

Alcatel-Lucent has asserted several MP3 coding and compression patents, allegedly inherited from AT&T-Bell Labs, in litigation of its own. In November 2006, before the companies' merger, Alcatel sued Microsoft for allegedly infringing seven patents. On 23 February 2007, a San Diego jury awarded Alcatel-Lucent US $1.52 billion in damages for infringement of two of them. The court subsequently tossed the award, however, finding that one patent had not been infringed and that the other was not even owned by Alcatel-Lucent; it was co-owned by AT&T and Fraunhofer, who had licensed it to Microsoft, the judge ruled. That defense judgment was upheld on appeal in 2008. See Alcatel-Lucent v. Microsoft for more information.

Q1: Which company allegedly inherited MP3 patents from AT&T-Bell LAbs?
A1: Alcatel-Lucent
Q2: What kind of patents were allegedly inherited?
A2: MP3 coding and compression
Q3: How many patents did Alcatel claim Microsoft infringed on?
A3: seven
Q4: How much money was awarded to Alcatel by a San Diego jury?
A4: US $1.52 billion
Q5: What subsequently happened after Alcatel was awarded damages?
A5: The court subsequently tossed the award
Alexander_Graham_Bell (Engineering and technology)

Alexander Bell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on March 3, 1847. The family home was at 16 South Charlotte Street, and has a stone inscription marking it as Alexander Graham Bell's birthplace. He had two brothers: Melville James Bell (1845–70) and Edward Charles Bell (1848–67), both of whom would die of tuberculosis. His father was Professor Alexander Melville Bell, a phonetician, and his mother was Eliza Grace (née Symonds). Born as just "Alexander Bell", at age 10 he made a plea to his father to have a middle name like his two brothers.[N 6] For his 11th birthday, his father acquiesced and allowed him to adopt the name "Graham", chosen out of respect for Alexander Graham, a Canadian being treated by his father who had become a family friend. To close relatives and friends he remained "Aleck".

Q1: What city was Bell born in?
A1: Edinburgh
Q2: What material marks Bells family  home as his birthplace?
A2: stone
Q3: What disease did his two brothers die of?
A3: tuberculosis
Q4: At what age did Bell ask for a middle name?
A4: 10
Q5: What did those close to him call Bell?
A5: Aleck
Alexander_Graham_Bell (Engineering and technology)

Alexander Graham Bell (March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922) was a Scottish-born[N 3] scientist, inventor, engineer and innovator who is credited with patenting the first practical telephone.

Q1: What is Bell most famous for inventing?
A1: telephone
Q2: What year did Bell die?
A2: 1922
Q3: What was special about his telephone?
A3: practical
Q4: What is Bell's full name?
A4: Alexander Graham Bell
Q5: What is Bell famous for inventing?
A5: telephone
Alexander_Graham_Bell (Engineering and technology)

Alexander Graham Bell was ranked 57th among the 100 Greatest Britons (2002) in an official BBC nationwide poll, and among the Top Ten Greatest Canadians (2004), and the 100 Greatest Americans (2005). In 2006 Bell was also named as one of the 10 greatest Scottish scientists in history after having been listed in the National Library of Scotland's 'Scottish Science Hall of Fame'. Bell's name is still widely known and used as part of the names of dozens of educational institutes, corporate namesakes, street and place names around the world.

Q1: In 2002, where did Bell place in a list of the Greatest Britons?
A1: 57th
Q2: In 2004 Bell was listed in the top how many Greatest Canadians?
A2: 10
Q3: In what Scottish Hall of Fame is Bell listed?
A3: Scottish Science Hall of Fame
Q4: Which institution listed Bell in their Hall of Fame?
A4: National Library of Scotland
Napoleon (History)

Alexander faced pressure from his brother, Duke Constantine, to make peace with Napoleon. Given the victory he had just achieved, the French emperor offered the Russians relatively lenient terms–demanding that Russia join the Continental System, withdraw its forces from Wallachia and Moldavia, and hand over the Ionian Islands to France. By contrast, Napoleon dictated very harsh peace terms for Prussia, despite the ceaseless exhortations of Queen Louise. Wiping out half of Prussian territories from the map, Napoleon created a new kingdom of 1,100 square miles called Westphalia. He then appointed his young brother Jérôme as the new monarch of this kingdom. Prussia's humiliating treatment at Tilsit caused a deep and bitter antagonism which festered as the Napoleonic era progressed. Moreover, Alexander's pretensions at friendship with Napoleon led the latter to seriously misjudge the true intentions of his Russian counterpart, who would violate numerous provisions of the treaty in the next few years. Despite these problems, the Treaties of Tilsit at last gave Napoleon a respite from war and allowed him to return to France, which he had not seen in over 300 days.

Q1: What is the name of the Duke who pressured Alexander to make peace with Napoleon?
A1: Constantine
Q2:  Which ocean territories did Napoleon demand Russia cede to France as part of the terms for peace?
A2: the Ionian Islands
Q3: What was the name of the new kingdom Napoleon created from Prussian territories?
A3: Westphalia
Q4: What was the name of the younger brother who Napoleon appointed as the ruler of Westphalia?
A4: Jérôme
Q5:  What was the name of the series of agreements that ended war for a time and allowed Napoleon to return to France?
A5: the Treaties of Tilsit
John_Kerry (Warfare)

Alexandra was born days before Kerry began law school. In 1982, Julia asked Kerry for a separation while she was suffering from severe depression. They were divorced on July 25, 1988, and the marriage was formally annulled in 1997. "After 14 years as a political wife, I associated politics only with anger, fear and loneliness" she wrote in A Change of Heart, her book about depression. Thorne later married Richard Charlesworth, an architect, and moved to Bozeman, Montana, where she became active in local environmental groups such as the Greater Yellowstone Coalition. Thorne supported Kerry's 2004 presidential run. She died of cancer on April 27, 2006.

Q1: When did Kerry and his wife separate?
A1: 1982
Q2: When did Kerry and his wife divorce?
A2: July 25, 1988
Q3: When did Kerry and his wife get an annullment?
A3: 1997
Q4: What book did Kerry's ex-wife write?
A4: A Change of Heart
Q5: Who did Kerry's ex-wife remarry?
A5: Richard Charlesworth
Athanasius_of_Alexandria (Philosophy and religion)

Alexandria was the most important trade center in the whole empire during Athanasius's boyhood. Intellectually, morally, and politically—it epitomized the ethnically diverse Graeco-Roman world, even more than Rome or Constantinople, Antioch or Marseilles. Its famous catechetical school, while sacrificing none of its famous passion for orthodoxy since the days of Pantaenus, Clement of Alexandria, Origen of Alexandria, Dionysius and Theognostus, had begun to take on an almost secular character in the comprehensiveness of its interests, and had counted influential pagans among its serious auditors.

Q1: What was Alexandria known for?
A1: important trade center
Q2: Was the famous school in Alexandria religious only?
A2: secular character
Q3: Did only Christians attend the school?
A3: influential pagans
Q4: Was Alexandria welcoming to other cultures?
A4: ethnically diverse
Age_of_Enlightenment (Philosophy and religion)

Alexis de Tocqueville described the French Revolution as the inevitable result of the radical opposition created in the 18th century between the monarchy and the men of letters of the Enlightenment. These men of letters constituted a sort of "substitute aristocracy that was both all-powerful and without real power". This illusory power came from the rise of "public opinion", born when absolutist centralization removed the nobility and the bourgeoisie from the political sphere. The "literary politics" that resulted promoted a discourse of equality and was hence in fundamental opposition to the monarchical regime. De Tocqueville "clearly designates ... the cultural effects of transformation in the forms of the exercise of power". Nevertheless, it took another century before cultural approach became central to the historiography, as typified by Robert Darnton, The Business of Enlightenment: A Publishing History of the Encyclopédie, 1775–1800 (1979).

Q1: How did Alexis de Tocqueville describe the French Revolution?
A1: the inevitable result of the radical opposition created in the 18th century between the monarchy and the men of letters of the Enlightenment
Q2: Which group was considered "a substitute aristocracy that was both all-powerful and without real power" according to Tocqueville?
A2: men of letters
Q3: From where did Tocqueville believe the illusory power of the men of letters came from?
A3: the rise of "public opinion"
Alfred_North_Whitehead (Philosophy and religion)

Alfred North Whitehead was born in Ramsgate, Kent, England, in 1861. His father, Alfred Whitehead, was a minister and schoolmaster of Chatham House Academy, a successful school for boys established by Thomas Whitehead, Alfred North's grandfather. Whitehead himself recalled both of them as being very successful schoolmasters, but that his grandfather was the more extraordinary man. Whitehead's mother was Maria Sarah Whitehead, formerly Maria Sarah Buckmaster. Whitehead was apparently not particularly close with his mother, as he never mentioned her in any of his writings, and there is evidence that Whitehead's wife, Evelyn, had a low opinion of her.

Q1: Where was Alfred North Whitehead born? 
A1: Ramsgate, Kent, England
Q2: What year was Whitehead born?
A2: 1861
Q3: What was Whitehead's father's profession?
A3: minister and schoolmaster
Q4: What was Whitehead's mother's name?
A4: Maria Sarah Whitehead,
Q5: What was Whitehead's wife's name?
A5: Evelyn
Q6: Where was Alfred North Whitehead born?
A6: Ramsgate, Kent, England
Q7: In what year was Whitehead born?
A7: 1861
Q8: Who founded Chatham House Academy?
A8: Thomas Whitehead, Alfred North's grandfather
Q9: What was Whitehead's father's profession?
A9: minister and schoolmaster of Chatham House Academy
Q10: Who was Whitehead's mother?
A10: Maria Sarah Whitehead, formerly Maria Sarah Buckmaster
Umayyad_Caliphate (History)

Ali was assassinated in 661 by a Kharijite partisan. Six months later in the same year, in the interest of peace, Hasan ibn Ali, highly regarded for his wisdom and as a peacemaker, and the Second Imam for the Shias, and the grandson of Muhammad, made a peace treaty with Muawiyah I. In the Hasan-Muawiya treaty, Hasan ibn Ali handed over power to Muawiya on the condition that he be just to the people and keep them safe and secure, and after his death he not establish a dynasty. This brought to an end the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs for the Sunnis, and Hasan ibn Ali was also the last Imam for the Shias to be a Caliph. Following this, Mu'awiyah broke the conditions of the agreement and began the Umayyad dynasty, with its capital in Damascus.

Q1: In what year was Ali killed?
A1: 661
Q2: Who killed Ali?
A2: Kharijite partisan
Q3: Who made peace with Muawiyah I?
A3: Hasan ibn Ali
Q4: Where was the capital of the Umayyad dynasty?
A4: Damascus
Lighting (Engineering and technology)

Alison Jing Xu, assistant professor of management at the University of Toronto Scarborough and Aparna Labroo of Northwestern University conducted a series of studies analyzing the correlation between lighting and human emotion. The researchers asked participants to rate a number of things such as: the spiciness of chicken-wing sauce, the aggressiveness of a fictional character, how attractive someone was, their feelings about specific words, and the taste of two juices–all under different lighting conditions. In their study, they found that both positive and negative human emotions are felt more intensely in bright light. Professor Xu stated, "we found that on sunny days depression-prone people actually become more depressed." They also found that dim light makes people make more rational decisions and settle negotiations easier. In the dark, emotions are slightly suppressed. However, emotions are intensified in the bright light.

Q1: What University was Alision Jing Xu the assistant professor of management at?
A1: University of Toronto Scarborough
Q2: What Univerity was Aparna Labroo associated with?
A2: Northwestern University
England_national_football_team (Sports and recreation)

All England matches are broadcast with full commentary on BBC Radio 5 Live. From the 2008–09 season until the 2017–18 season, England's home and away qualifiers, and friendlies both home and away are broadcast live on ITV (often with the exception of STV, the ITV affiliate in central and northern Scotland). England's away qualifiers for the 2010 World Cup were shown on Setanta Sports until that company's collapse. As a result of Setanta Sports's demise, England's World Cup qualifier in Ukraine on 10 October 2009 was shown in the United Kingdom on a pay-per-view basis via the internet only. This one-off event was the first time an England game had been screened in such a way. The number of subscribers, paying between £4.99 and £11.99 each, was estimated at between 250,000 and 300,000 and the total number of viewers at around 500,000.

Q1: Commentated broadcasts of all England matches air on what network?
A1: BBC Radio 5 Live
Q2: What was the first season in which England's qualifiers and friendlies were broadcast on ITV?
A2: 2008–09
Q3: What network is ITV's affiliate in northern and central Scotland?
A3: STV
Q4: In what year was an England football match aired only via the internet for the first time?
A4: 2009
Q5: Approximately how many total viewers watched the England World Cup qualifier on the internet on 10 October 2009?
A5: 500,000
Freemasonry (Unknown)

All Freemasons begin their journey in the "craft" by being progressively initiated, passed and raised into the three degrees of Craft, or Blue Lodge Masonry. During these three rituals, the candidate is progressively taught the meanings of the Lodge symbols, and entrusted with grips, signs and words to signify to other Masons that he has been so initiated. The initiations are part allegory and part lecture, and revolve around the construction of the Temple of Solomon, and the artistry and death of his chief architect, Hiram Abiff. The degrees are those of Entered apprentice, Fellowcraft and Master Mason. While many different versions of these rituals exist, with at least two different lodge layouts and versions of the Hiram myth, each version is recognisable to any Freemason from any jurisdiction.

Q1: All Freemasons are progressively initiated, passed, and raised in three degrees of what?
A1: Craft, or Blue Lodge Masonry
Q2: The initiations are part allegory and part what?
A2: lecture
Q3: What is the final of the three steps of Freemasonry?
A3: Master Mason
Q4: Who was the chief architect of the Temple of Solomon?
A4: Hiram Abiff
Q5: How many versions of the Hiram myth are there?
A5: at least two
Greece (Geography and places)

All Greeks were united, however, in their determination to liberate the Greek-speaking provinces of the Ottoman Empire, regardless of the dialect they spoke. Especially in Crete, a prolonged revolt in 1866–1869 had raised nationalist fervour. When war broke out between Russia and the Ottomans in 1877, Greek popular sentiment rallied to Russia's side, but Greece was too poor, and too concerned of British intervention, to officially enter the war. Nevertheless, in 1881, Thessaly and small parts of Epirus were ceded to Greece as part of the Treaty of Berlin, while frustrating Greek hopes of receiving Crete.

Q1: War between Russia and the Ottomans began in what year?
A1: 1877
Q2: A revolt lasted for 3 years on which Greek island?
A2: Crete
Q3: In what year did the Treaty of Berlin occur?
A3: 1881