LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Professional_wrestling (Sports and recreation)

While true exhibition matches are not uncommon, most matches tell a story analogous to a scene in a play or film, or an episode of a serial drama: The face will sometimes win (triumph) or sometimes lose (tragedy). Longer story arcs can result from multiple matches over the course of time. Since most promotions have a championship title, competition for the championship is a common impetus for stories. Also, anything from a character's own hair to their job with the promotion can be wagered in a match. The same type of good vs. evil storylines were also once popular in roller derby.

Q1: What do most matches have?
A1: a story analogous to a scene in a play or film, or an episode of a serial drama:
Q2: What is it called when the protagonist loses?
A2: tragedy
Q3: What do they call it when a protagonist wins? 
A3: triumph
Q4: What can be wagered in a match? 
A4: from a character's own hair to their job with the promotion
Videoconferencing (History)

While videoconferencing technology was initially used primarily within internal corporate communication networks, one of the first community service usages of the technology started in 1992 through a unique partnership with PictureTel and IBM Corporations which at the time were promoting a jointly developed desktop based videoconferencing product known as the PCS/1. Over the next 15 years, Project DIANE (Diversified Information and Assistance Network) grew to utilize a variety of videoconferencing platforms to create a multi-state cooperative public service and distance education network consisting of several hundred schools, neighborhood centers, libraries, science museums, zoos and parks, public assistance centers, and other community oriented organizations.

Q1: What year did one the first community service usages of videoconferencing take place?
A1: 1992
Q2: What company helped in the creation of community service videoconferencing?
A2: IBM
Q3: What is the videoconferencing product that both IBM and PictureTel worked on?
A3: PCS/1
Q4: What does DIANE in Project DIANE stand for?
A4: Diversified Information and Assistance Network
Q5: How many years did it take for Project DIANE to grow?
A5: 15
A_cappella (Music)

While worship in the Temple in Jerusalem included musical instruments (2 Chronicles 29:25–27), traditional Jewish religious services in the Synagogue, both before and after the last destruction of the Temple, did not include musical instruments given the practice of scriptural cantillation. The use of musical instruments is traditionally forbidden on the Sabbath out of concern that players would be tempted to repair (or tune) their instruments, which is forbidden on those days. (This prohibition has been relaxed in many Reform and some Conservative congregations.) Similarly, when Jewish families and larger groups sing traditional Sabbath songs known as zemirot outside the context of formal religious services, they usually do so a cappella, and Bar and Bat Mitzvah celebrations on the Sabbath sometimes feature entertainment by a cappella ensembles. During the Three Weeks musical instruments are prohibited. Many Jews consider a portion of the 49-day period of the counting of the omer between Passover and Shavuot to be a time of semi-mourning and instrumental music is not allowed during that time. This has led to a tradition of a cappella singing sometimes known as sefirah music.

Q1: On what day is using musical instruments not allowed? 
A1: Sabbath
Q2: In what style do Jewish families typically sing Sabbath songs?
A2: a cappella
Q3: What is a cappella music occasionally called among those of Jewish faith?
A3: sefirah music
Q4: How many days are counted between Passover and Shavuot?
A4: 49
Q5: What is part of the time between Passover and Shavuot thought to be?
A5: a time of semi-mourning
Spectre_(2015_film) (Media and drama)

Whilst filming in Mexico City, speculation in the media claimed that the script had been altered to accommodate the demands of Mexican authorities—reportedly influencing details of the scene and characters, casting choices, and modifying the script in order to portray the country in a "positive light"—in order to secure tax concessions and financial support worth up to $20 million for the film. This was denied by producer Michael G. Wilson, who stated that the scene had always been intended to be shot in Mexico as production had been attracted to the imagery of the Day of the Dead, and that the script had been developed from there. Production of Skyfall had previously faced similar problems while attempting to secure permits to shoot the film's pre-title sequence in India before moving to Istanbul.

Q1: How much money were possible changes to the Mexico City section of the film rumored to have saved the production?
A1: $20 million
Q2: Which Bond producer would not confirm that the film had been changed to accommodate Mexican authorities?
A2: Michael G. Wilson
Q3: In what other country, besides Mexico, did the film experience administrative issues with local authorities?
A3: India
Q4: Which country did Skyfall move its pre-title sequence filming to?
A4: Istanbul
Federalism (History)

Whilst it is often perceived as an optimal solution for states comprising different cultural or ethnic communities, the federalist model seems to work best in largely homogeneous states such as the United States, Germany or Australia, but there is also evidence to the contrary such as in Switzerland. Tensions between territories can still be found in federalist countries such as Canada and federation as a way to appease and quell military conflict has failed recently in places like Lybia or Iraq, while the formula is simultaneously proposed and dismissed in countries such as Ukraine or Syria. Federations such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia collapsed as soon as it was possible to put the model to the test.

Q1: Where does the federalist model work best in? 
A1: homogeneous states
Q2: What are homogeneous states? 
A2: United States, Germany or Australia
Q3: Where can tensions be found in the federalist countries?
A3: Canada
Q4: What countries did the federalist model fail in? 
A4: Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia
Q5: What countries dismissed the federalist model? 
A5: Ukraine or Syria
Light-emitting_diode (Engineering and technology)

White LEDs can also be made by coating near-ultraviolet (NUV) LEDs with a mixture of high-efficiency europium-based phosphors that emit red and blue, plus copper and aluminium-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Cu, Al) that emits green. This is a method analogous to the way fluorescent lamps work. This method is less efficient than blue LEDs with YAG:Ce phosphor, as the Stokes shift is larger, so more energy is converted to heat, but yields light with better spectral characteristics, which render color better. Due to the higher radiative output of the ultraviolet LEDs than of the blue ones, both methods offer comparable brightness. A concern is that UV light may leak from a malfunctioning light source and cause harm to human eyes or skin.

Q1: White LEDs can be made by coating what?
A1: near-ultraviolet (NUV) LEDs
Q2: What are near-ultraviolet LEDs coated with to create white LED?
A2: copper and aluminium-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Cu, Al)
Q3: What device also works in a similar way as NUV LEDs?
A3: fluorescent lamps
Q4: The method of coating NUVs less efficient than what other LEDs?
A4: blue
Q5: What light can harm human eyes or skin?
A5: UV light
Light-emitting_diode (Engineering and technology)

White light can be formed by mixing differently colored lights; the most common method is to use red, green, and blue (RGB). Hence the method is called multi-color white LEDs (sometimes referred to as RGB LEDs). Because these need electronic circuits to control the blending and diffusion of different colors, and because the individual color LEDs typically have slightly different emission patterns (leading to variation of the color depending on direction) even if they are made as a single unit, these are seldom used to produce white lighting. Nonetheless, this method has many applications because of the flexibility of mixing different colors, and in principle, this mechanism also has higher quantum efficiency in producing white light.[citation needed]

Q1: What colors are used to form white light?
A1: red, green, and blue
Q2: What is the method called that mixes red, green, and blue colors to form white light?
A2: multi-color white LEDs
Q3: What does the multi-color white LED method need to produce the end result?
A3: electronic circuits
Q4: What is another name to reference the multi-color white LED method?
A4: RGB LEDs
Software_testing (Engineering and technology)

White-box testing (also known as clear box testing, glass box testing, transparent box testing and structural testing, by seeing the source code) tests internal structures or workings of a program, as opposed to the functionality exposed to the end-user. In white-box testing an internal perspective of the system, as well as programming skills, are used to design test cases. The tester chooses inputs to exercise paths through the code and determine the appropriate outputs. This is analogous to testing nodes in a circuit, e.g. in-circuit testing (ICT).

Q1: What is another term used for White-box testing?
A1: clear box testing
Q2: What is involved with White-box testing?
A2: by seeing the source code
Q3: Which two procedures are used to design test cases in White-box testing?
A3: testing an internal perspective of the system, as well as programming skills
The_Blitz (History)

Whitehall's disquiet at the failures of the RAF led to the replacement of Dowding (who was already due for retirement) with Sholto Douglas on 25 November. Douglas set about introducing more squadrons and dispersing the few GL sets to create a carpet effect in the southern counties. Still, in February 1941, there remained only seven squadrons with 87 pilots, under half the required strength. The GL carpet was supported by six GCI sets controlling radar-equipped night-fighters. By the height of the Blitz, they were becoming more successful. The number of contacts and combats rose in 1941, from 44 and two in 48 sorties in January 1941, to 204 and 74 in May (643 sorties). But even in May, 67% of the sorties were visual cat's-eye missions. Curiously, while 43% of the contacts in May 1941 were by visual sightings, they accounted for 61% of the combats. Yet when compared with Luftwaffe daylight operations, there was a sharp decline in German losses to 1%. If a vigilant bomber crew could spot the fighter first, they had a decent chance at evading it.

Q1: Who replaced Dowding on November 25?
A1: Sholto Douglas
Q2: How many pilots remained in February 1941?
A2: 87 pilots
Q3: What supported the GL carpet?
A3: six GCI sets controlling radar-equipped night-fighters
Q4: How many number of contacts and combats were there in May?
A4: 204 and 74
Q5: What did a bomber crew need to do for a good chance at evasion?
A5: spot the fighter first
Alfred_North_Whitehead (Philosophy and religion)

Whitehead also described religion more technically as "an ultimate craving to infuse into the insistent particularity of emotion that non-temporal generality which primarily belongs to conceptual thought alone." In other words, religion takes deeply felt emotions and contextualizes them within a system of general truths about the world, helping people to identify their wider meaning and significance. For Whitehead, religion served as a kind of bridge between philosophy and the emotions and purposes of a particular society. It is the task of religion to make philosophy applicable to the everyday lives of ordinary people.

Q1: What was Whitehead's technical definition of religion?
A1: "an ultimate craving to infuse into the insistent particularity of emotion that non-temporal generality which primarily belongs to conceptual thought alone."
Q2: What did Whitehead believe religion did with strong emotions?
A2: religion takes deeply felt emotions and contextualizes them within a system of general truths about the world
Q3: What purpose did Whitehead believe religion served?
A3: a kind of bridge between philosophy and the emotions and purposes of a particular society
Q4: What did Whitehead believe was the job of religion regarding philosophy?
A4: It is the task of religion to make philosophy applicable to the everyday lives of ordinary people.
Alfred_North_Whitehead (Philosophy and religion)

Whitehead and Russell had thought originally that Principia Mathematica would take a year to complete; it ended up taking them ten years. To add insult to injury, when it came time for publication, the three-volume work was so massive (more than 2,000 pages) and its audience so narrow (professional mathematicians) that it was initially published at a loss of 600 pounds, 300 of which was paid by Cambridge University Press, 200 by the Royal Society of London, and 50 apiece by Whitehead and Russell themselves. Despite the initial loss, today there is likely no major academic library in the world which does not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica.

Q1: How long did Whitehead and Russell think it would take them to complete Principia Mathematica?
A1: a year
Q2: How long did it actually take Whitehead and Russell to complete Principia Mathematica?
A2: ten years
Q3: How many volumes was Principia Mathematica?
A3: three
Q4: How many pages was Principia Mathematica?
A4: 2,000
Q5: Who paid to publish Principia Mathematica?
A5: Cambridge University Press
Q6: How long did Whitehead and Russell expect to spend creating Principia Mathematica?
A6: a year
Q7: How long did it actually take to complete Principia Mathematica? 
A7: ten years
Q8: Why was there a funding shortfall for the publishing of Princpia Mathematica? 
A8: the three-volume work was so massive (more than 2,000 pages) and its audience so narrow (professional mathematicians)
Q9: Who supplied the funding to cover the shortfall?
A9: 00 of which was paid by Cambridge University Press, 200 by the Royal Society of London, and 50 apiece by Whitehead and Russell
Q10: How prevalent is Principia Mathematica today?
A10: today there is likely no major academic library in the world which does not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica
Alfred_North_Whitehead (Philosophy and religion)

Whitehead describes causal efficacy as "the experience dominating the primitive living organisms, which have a sense for the fate from which they have emerged, and the fate towards which they go." It is, in other words, the sense of causal relations between entities, a feeling of being influenced and affected by the surrounding environment, unmediated by the senses. Presentational immediacy, on the other hand, is what is usually referred to as "pure sense perception", unmediated by any causal or symbolic interpretation, even unconscious interpretation. In other words, it is pure appearance, which may or may not be delusive (e.g. mistaking an image in a mirror for "the real thing").

Q1: What is the term for the experience dominating primitive organisms that have a sense for fate?
A1: causal efficacy
Q2: What is the other term for "pure sense perception"?
A2: Presentational immediacy
Q3: What is it called if you mistake a reflection in a mirror for the real thing?
A3: Presentational immediacy
Q4: How does Whitehead define causal efficacy?
A4: "the experience dominating the primitive living organisms, which have a sense for the fate from which they have emerged, and the fate towards which they go."
Q5: How do the senses affect causal efficacy?
A5: unmediated by the senses
Q6: How does Whitehead define presentational immediacy?
A6: "pure sense perception", unmediated by any causal or symbolic interpretation, even unconscious interpretation
Q7: What can be said about the accuracy of presentational immediacy?
A7: it is pure appearance, which may or may not be delusive
Alfred_North_Whitehead (Philosophy and religion)

Whitehead did not begin his career as a philosopher. In fact, he never had any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education. Early in his life he showed great interest in and respect for philosophy and metaphysics, but it is evident that he considered himself a rank amateur. In one letter to his friend and former student Bertrand Russell, after discussing whether science aimed to be explanatory or merely descriptive, he wrote: "This further question lands us in the ocean of metaphysic, onto which my profound ignorance of that science forbids me to enter." Ironically, in later life Whitehead would become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians.

Q1: What is the highest Whitehead was trained in philosophy? 
A1: undergraduate
Q2: What did Whitehead consider himself as a philosopher? 
A2: rank amateur
Q3: What is the relationship between Whitehead and Russell?
A3: friend and former student
Q4: What was Whitehead considered as a metaphysician?
A4: one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians.
Q5: What was the extent of Whitehead's education in philosophy?
A5: he never had any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education
Q6: With what friend and former student did Whitehead correspond regarding the goals of science?
A6: Bertrand Russell
Q7: What was Whitehead's opinion of his own knowledge of metaphysics in that correspondence?
A7: "This further question lands us in the ocean of metaphysic, onto which my profound ignorance of that science forbids me to enter."
Q8: How did Whitehead eventually become regarded in the field of metaphysics?
A8: in later life Whitehead would become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians
Alfred_North_Whitehead (Philosophy and religion)

Whitehead has had some influence on philosophy of business administration and organizational theory. This has led in part to a focus on identifying and investigating the effect of temporal events (as opposed to static things) within organizations through an “organization studies” discourse that accommodates a variety of 'weak' and 'strong' process perspectives from a number of philosophers. One of the leading figures having an explicitly Whiteheadian and panexperientialist stance towards management is Mark Dibben, who works in what he calls "applied process thought" to articulate a philosophy of management and business administration as part of a wider examination of the social sciences through the lens of process metaphysics. For Dibben, this allows "a comprehensive exploration of life as perpetually active experiencing, as opposed to occasional – and thoroughly passive – happening." Dibben has published two books on applied process thought, Applied Process Thought I: Initial Explorations in Theory and Research (2008), and Applied Process Thought II: Following a Trail Ablaze (2009), as well as other papers in this vein in the fields of philosophy of management and business ethics.

Q1: What business fields has Whitehead influenced?
A1: philosophy of business administration and organizational theory
Q2: What prominent business professor has been heavily influenced by Whitehead?
A2: Mark Dibben
Q3: What does Dibben call his philosophy on management and business administration?
A3: "applied process thought"
Q4: According to Dibben, what are the benefits of applying process metaphysics to examining management and business administration as a component of social science?
A4: this allows "a comprehensive exploration of life as perpetually active experiencing, as opposed to occasional – and thoroughly passive – happening."
Q5: In what fields has Dibben published two books and other papers?
A5: philosophy of management and business ethics
Alfred_North_Whitehead (Philosophy and religion)

Whitehead makes the startling observation that "life is comparatively deficient in survival value." If humans can only exist for about a hundred years, and rocks for eight hundred million, then one is forced to ask why complex organisms ever evolved in the first place; as Whitehead humorously notes, "they certainly did not appear because they were better at that game than the rocks around them." He then observes that the mark of higher forms of life is that they are actively engaged in modifying their environment, an activity which he theorizes is directed toward the three-fold goal of living, living well, and living better. In other words, Whitehead sees life as directed toward the purpose of increasing its own satisfaction. Without such a goal, he sees the rise of life as totally unintelligible.

Q1: Whitehead observes that life is deficient in what?
A1: survival value
Q2: What are higher life forms actively engaged in?
A2: modifying their environment
Q3: How many goals of living is there?
A3: three
Q4: Whitehead sees life as directed towards what purpose?
A4: increasing its own satisfaction
Q5: Without Whitehead's proposed purpose, life would be what?
A5: unintelligible
Q6: What observation did Whitehead make about life?
A6: "life is comparatively deficient in survival value."
Q7: What was Whitehead's response to questions about why complex life evolved?
A7: "they certainly did not appear because they were better at that game than the rocks around them."
Q8: What did Whitehead state was the biggest indicator of a higher form of life?
A8: they are actively engaged in modifying their environment
Q9: What did Whitehead believe are the goals f life?
A9: living, living well, and living better
Q10: What did Whitehead believe was the fundamental purpose of life?
A10: increasing its own satisfaction
Alfred_North_Whitehead (Philosophy and religion)

Whitehead pointed to the limitations of language as one of the main culprits in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking, and acknowledged that it may be difficult to ever wholly move past such ideas in everyday speech. After all, each moment of each person's life can hardly be given a different proper name, and it is easy and convenient to think of people and objects as remaining fundamentally the same things, rather than constantly keeping in mind that each thing is a different thing from what it was a moment ago. Yet the limitations of everyday living and everyday speech should not prevent people from realizing that "material substances" or "essences" are a convenient generalized description of a continuum of particular, concrete processes. No one questions that a ten-year-old person is quite different by the time he or she turns thirty years old, and in many ways is not the same person at all; Whitehead points out that it is not philosophically or ontologically sound to think that a person is the same from one second to the next.

Q1: What did Whitehead believe was a culprit in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking?
A1: limitations of language
Q2: Why couldn't each moment of each person's life be given a different proper name?
A2: limitations of language
Q3: Whitehead's main philosophy on humans changing is what?
A3: each thing is a different thing from what it was a moment ago
Q4: What did Whitehead believe was one of the biggest reasons materialistic thinking endured?
A4: limitations of language
Q5: Why did Whitehead think people continued to subscribe to materialistic thinking?
A5: it is easy and convenient to think of people and objects as remaining fundamentally the same things
Q6: What did Whitehead believe regarding factors that limit people's understanding of his concepts?
A6: should not prevent people from realizing that "material substances" or "essences" are a convenient generalized description of a continuum
Q7: What did Whitehead state about the belief that a person is exactly the same from moment to moment?
A7: it is not philosophically or ontologically sound