LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
USB (Engineering and technology)

IN and OUT tokens contain a seven-bit device number and four-bit function number (for multifunction devices) and command the device to transmit DATAx packets, or receive the following DATAx packets, respectively. An IN token expects a response from a device. The response may be a NAK or STALL response, or a DATAx frame. In the latter case, the host issues an ACK handshake if appropriate. An OUT token is followed immediately by a DATAx frame. The device responds with ACK, NAK, NYET, or STALL, as appropriate.

Q1: IN and OUT tokens contain what?
A1: a seven-bit device number and four-bit function number
Q2: An IN token expects what?
A2: a response from a device
Q3: An OUT token is followed immediately by a what?
A3: DATAx frame
Oklahoma_City (Geography and places)

INTEGRIS Health owns several hospitals, including INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center, the INTEGRIS Cancer Institute of Oklahoma, and the INTEGRIS Southwest Medical Center. INTEGRIS Health operates hospitals, rehabilitation centers, physician clinics, mental health facilities, independent living centers and home health agencies located throughout much of Oklahoma. INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center was named in U.S. News & World Report's 2012 list of Best Hospitals. INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center ranks high-performing in the following categories: Cardiology and Heart Surgery; Diabetes and Endocrinology; Ear, Nose and Throat; Gastroenterology; Geriatrics; Nephrology; Orthopedics; Pulmonology and Urology.

Q1: Name a hospital owned by INTEGRIS Health?
A1: INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center
Q2: When was INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center part of U.S News and World Reports best Hospitals list?
A2: 2012
Infrared (Natural sciences)

IR data transmission is also employed in short-range communication among computer peripherals and personal digital assistants. These devices usually conform to standards published by IrDA, the Infrared Data Association. Remote controls and IrDA devices use infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to emit infrared radiation that is focused by a plastic lens into a narrow beam. The beam is modulated, i.e. switched on and off, to encode the data. The receiver uses a silicon photodiode to convert the infrared radiation to an electric current. It responds only to the rapidly pulsing signal created by the transmitter, and filters out slowly changing infrared radiation from ambient light. Infrared communications are useful for indoor use in areas of high population density. IR does not penetrate walls and so does not interfere with other devices in adjoining rooms. Infrared is the most common way for remote controls to command appliances. Infrared remote control protocols like RC-5, SIRC, are used to communicate with infrared.

Q1: What is the IrDA?
A1: the Infrared Data Association
Q2: What does the acronym LEDs stand for?
A2: light-emitting diodes
Q3: What is a term for when something is switched on and off?
A3: modulated
Q4: What device is used to transform infrared radiation into an electric current?
A4: silicon photodiode
Q5: Why does infrared not cause trouble for devices in adjacent rooms?
A5: IR does not penetrate walls
Internet_service_provider (Engineering and technology)

ISPs may engage in peering, where multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points (IXs), allowing routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted—data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream ISP.

Q1: What is peering? 
A1: multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points
Q2: What does peering allow? 
A2: routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted
Q3: Why is peering used? 
A3: data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream ISP
Q4: What are IXs? 
A4: Internet exchange points
Q5: Where do multiple ISPs connect? 
A5: peering points or Internet exchange points
History_of_science (History)

Ibn Khaldun can be regarded as the earliest scientific systematic sociologist. The modern sociology, emerged in the early 19th century as the academic response to the modernization of the world. Among many early sociologists (e.g., Émile Durkheim), the aim of sociology was in structuralism, understanding the cohesion of social groups, and developing an "antidote" to social disintegration. Max Weber was concerned with the modernization of society through the concept of rationalization, which he believed would trap individuals in an "iron cage" of rational thought. Some sociologists, including Georg Simmel and W. E. B. Du Bois, utilized more microsociological, qualitative analyses. This microlevel approach played an important role in American sociology, with the theories of George Herbert Mead and his student Herbert Blumer resulting in the creation of the symbolic interactionism approach to sociology.

Q1: What was Ibn Khaldun's profession?
A1: scientific systematic sociologist
Q2: When did modern sociology surface?
A2: early 19th century
Q3: What is the main goal of sociology?
A3: understanding the cohesion of social groups
Q4: How did Max Weber view rationalization?
A4: he believed would trap individuals in an "iron cage"
History_of_science (History)

Ibn Sina (Avicenna) is regarded as the most influential philosopher of Islam. He pioneered the science of experimental medicine and was the first physician to conduct clinical trials. His two most notable works in medicine are the Kitāb al-shifāʾ ("Book of Healing") and The Canon of Medicine, both of which were used as standard medicinal texts in both the Muslim world and in Europe well into the 17th century. Amongst his many contributions are the discovery of the contagious nature of infectious diseases, and the introduction of clinical pharmacology.

Q1: Who was most influential in Islamic philosophy?
A1: Ibn Sina
Q2: What method did Ibn Sina introduce?
A2: clinical trials
Q3: What does Kitab al-shifa mean?
A3: Book of Healing
Q4: The Kitab al-shifa and The Canon of Medicine are considered what?
A4: standard medicinal texts
Q5: What characteristic did Ibn Sina find out about infectious diseases?
A5: contagious
Avicenna (Language and literature)

Ibn Sina created an extensive corpus of works during what is commonly known as the Islamic Golden Age, in which the translations of Greco-Roman, Persian, and Indian texts were studied extensively. Greco-Roman (Mid- and Neo-Platonic, and Aristotelian) texts translated by the Kindi school were commented, redacted and developed substantially by Islamic intellectuals, who also built upon Persian and Indian mathematical systems, astronomy, algebra, trigonometry and medicine. The Samanid dynasty in the eastern part of Persia, Greater Khorasan and Central Asia as well as the Buyid dynasty in the western part of Persia and Iraq provided a thriving atmosphere for scholarly and cultural development. Under the Samanids, Bukhara rivaled Baghdad as a cultural capital of the Islamic world.

Q1: What was the term used to describe the age in which Ibn Sina created a big body of work?
A1: the Islamic Golden Age
Q2: What is one example of the type of translations done in the Islamic Golden Age?
A2: Persian
Q3: What school translated Greco-Roman texts during the Islamic Golden Age?
A3: the Kindi school
Q4: What was one dynasty that provided a great atmosphere for cultural development?
A4: the Buyid dynasty
Q5: What city was known as a cultural capital of the Islamic world?
A5: Baghdad
Avicenna (Language and literature)

Ibn Sina subsequently settled at Rey, in the vicinity of modern Tehran, the home town of Rhazes; where Majd Addaula, a son of the last Buwayhid emir, was nominal ruler under the regency of his mother (Seyyedeh Khatun). About thirty of Ibn Sina's shorter works are said to have been composed in Rey. Constant feuds which raged between the regent and her second son, Shams al-Daula, however, compelled the scholar to quit the place. After a brief sojourn at Qazvin he passed southwards to Hamadãn where Shams al-Daula, another Buwayhid emir, had established himself. At first, Ibn Sina entered into the service of a high-born lady; but the emir, hearing of his arrival, called him in as medical attendant, and sent him back with presents to his dwelling. Ibn Sina was even raised to the office of vizier. The emir decreed that he should be banished from the country. Ibn Sina, however, remained hidden for forty days in sheikh Ahmed Fadhel's house, until a fresh attack of illness induced the emir to restore him to his post. Even during this perturbed time, Ibn Sina persevered with his studies and teaching. Every evening, extracts from his great works, the Canon and the Sanatio, were dictated and explained to his pupils. On the death of the emir, Ibn Sina ceased to be vizier and hid himself in the house of an apothecary, where, with intense assiduity, he continued the composition of his works.

Q1: What city did Ibn Sina settle in?
A1: Rey
Q2: What modern city of today was Rey in the vicinity of?
A2: Tehran
Q3: How many of Ibn Sina's shorter works were said to have been created in Rey?
A3: thirty
Q4: Ibn Sina left Rey and moved southwards to what city?
A4: Hamadãn
Q5: What office did Ibn Sina receive in Hamadan?
A5: office of vizier
Avicenna (Language and literature)

Ibn Sina's first appointment was that of physician to the emir, Nuh II, who owed him his recovery from a dangerous illness (997). Ibn Sina's chief reward for this service was access to the royal library of the Samanids, well-known patrons of scholarship and scholars. When the library was destroyed by fire not long after, the enemies of Ibn Sina accused him of burning it, in order for ever to conceal the sources of his knowledge. Meanwhile, he assisted his father in his financial labors, but still found time to write some of his earliest works.

Q1: Who was Ibn Sina's first appontment?
A1: the emir, Nuh II
Q2: What did Ibn Sina receive as payment for helping the emir?
A2: access to the royal library of the Samanids
Q3: Why did some accuse Ibn Sina of burning down the royal library?
A3: to conceal the sources of his knowledge
Q4: Who did Ibn Sina assist in his financial labors?
A4: his father
Q5: What year did the emir Null II recover from his illness?
A5: 997
Madrasa (Language and literature)

Ibn Sīnā refers to the secondary education stage of maktab schooling as a period of specialisation when pupils should begin to acquire manual skills, regardless of their social status. He writes that children after the age of 14 should be allowed to choose and specialise in subjects they have an interest in, whether it was reading, manual skills, literature, preaching, medicine, geometry, trade and commerce, craftsmanship, or any other subject or profession they would be interested in pursuing for a future career. He wrote that this was a transitional stage and that there needs to be flexibility regarding the age in which pupils graduate, as the student's emotional development and chosen subjects need to be taken into account.

Q1: What type of skills did Ibn Sina state children should learn in secondary education?
A1: manual skills
Q2: According to Ibn Sina, at what age should children choose a direction for their education?
A2: 14
Q3: According to Ibn Sina, what is needed to support transition at the secondary stage of education?
A3: flexibility
Q4: What should secondary training provide a student in the secondary stage of school? 
A4: future career
Avicenna (Language and literature)

Ibn Sīnā wrote at least one treatise on alchemy, but several others have been falsely attributed to him. His Logic, Metaphysics, Physics, and De Caelo, are treatises giving a synoptic view of Aristotelian doctrine, though Metaphysics demonstrates a significant departure from the brand of Neoplatonism known as Aristotelianism in Ibn Sīnā's world; Arabic philosophers[who?][year needed] have hinted at the idea that Ibn Sīnā was attempting to "re-Aristotelianise" Muslim philosophy in its entirety, unlike his predecessors, who accepted the conflation of Platonic, Aristotelian, Neo- and Middle-Platonic works transmitted into the Muslim world.

Q1: What is a rare discipline that Avicenna worked on?
A1: alchemy
Q2: On what subject is one of Avicenna's treatise based on?
A2: Physics
Q3: What doctrine is some of Avicenna's works based around?
A3: Aristotelian doctrine
Q4: According to some, what was Ibn Sina trying to do regarding his works?
A4: "re-Aristotelianise" Muslim philosophy
Avicenna (Language and literature)

Ibn Sīnā wrote extensively on early Islamic philosophy, especially the subjects logic, ethics, and metaphysics, including treatises named Logic and Metaphysics. Most of his works were written in Arabic – then the language of science in the Middle East – and some in Persian. Of linguistic significance even to this day are a few books that he wrote in nearly pure Persian language (particularly the Danishnamah-yi 'Ala', Philosophy for Ala' ad-Dawla'). Ibn Sīnā's commentaries on Aristotle often criticized the philosopher,[citation needed] encouraging a lively debate in the spirit of ijtihad.

Q1: In what language was most of Ibn Sina's works written in?
A1: Arabic
Q2: What is one subject that Ibn SIna specialized in?
A2: ethics
Q3: Ibn Sina also wrote some of his works in what other language?
A3: Persian
Q4: What famous philosopher did Ibn Sina criticize heavily?
A4: Aristotle
Q5: What is one of the subjects of a treatise by Ibn Sina?
A5: Metaphysics
Muslim_world (Philosophy and religion)

Ibn Tufail (Abubacer) and Ibn al-Nafis were pioneers of the philosophical novel. Ibn Tufail wrote the first Arabic novel Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus) as a response to Al-Ghazali's The Incoherence of the Philosophers, and then Ibn al-Nafis also wrote a novel Theologus Autodidactus as a response to Ibn Tufail's Philosophus Autodidactus. Both of these narratives had protagonists (Hayy in Philosophus Autodidactus and Kamil in Theologus Autodidactus) who were autodidactic feral children living in seclusion on a desert island, both being the earliest examples of a desert island story. However, while Hayy lives alone with animals on the desert island for the rest of the story in Philosophus Autodidactus, the story of Kamil extends beyond the desert island setting in Theologus Autodidactus, developing into the earliest known coming of age plot and eventually becoming the first example of a science fiction novel.

Q1: What is another name for Ibn Tufail?
A1: Abubacer
Q2: What Arabic book is Ibn Tufail noted for writing?
A2: Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus)
Q3: Who wrote Theologus Autodidactus?
A3: Ibn al-Nafis
Q4: What person wrote The Incoherence of the Philosophers?
A4: Al-Ghazali
Q5: Who was the main chracter of Philosophus Autodidactus?
A5: Hayy
Aspirated_consonant (Language and literature)

Icelandic and Faroese have preaspirated [ʰp ʰt ʰk]; some scholars interpret these as consonant clusters as well. In Icelandic, preaspirated stops contrast with double stops and single stops:

Q1: What two languages mentioned have have preaspirated [ʰp ʰt ʰk]?
A1: Icelandic and Faroese
Q2: What do scholars say the preaspirated [ʰp ʰt ʰk] are too?
A2: consonant clusters
Q3: What do preaspirated stops contrast with in Icelandic?
A3: double stops and single stops
Idealism (Philosophy and religion)

Idealism is a term with several related meanings. It comes via idea from the Greek idein (ἰδεῖν), meaning "to see". The term entered the English language by 1743. In ordinary use, as when speaking of Woodrow Wilson's political idealism, it generally suggests the priority of ideals, principles, values, and goals over concrete realities. Idealists are understood to represent the world as it might or should be, unlike pragmatists, who focus on the world as it presently is. In the arts, similarly, idealism affirms imagination and attempts to realize a mental conception of beauty, a standard of perfection, juxtaposed to aesthetic naturalism and realism.

Q1: What does ἰδεῖν mean in English?
A1: to see
Q2: By what year was "idealism" a word in English?
A2: 1743
Q3: Whose worldview contrasts with that of idealists in the ordinary sense of the word?
A3: pragmatists
Q4: What language is ἰδεῖν?
A4: Greek
Idealism (Philosophy and religion)

Idealist notions took a strong hold among physicists of the early 20th century confronted with the paradoxes of quantum physics and the theory of relativity. In The Grammar of Science, Preface to the 2nd Edition, 1900, Karl Pearson wrote, "There are many signs that a sound idealism is surely replacing, as a basis for natural philosophy, the crude materialism of the older physicists." This book influenced Einstein's regard for the importance of the observer in scientific measurements[citation needed]. In § 5 of that book, Pearson asserted that "...science is in reality a classification and analysis of the contents of the mind...." Also, "...the field of science is much more consciousness than an external world."

Q1: Among what twentieth century scientists was idealism popular?
A1: physicists
Q2: Along with quantum physics generally, what scientific doctrine caused some physicists to embrace idealism?
A2: relativity
Q3: In what year was the second edition of The Grammar of Science published?
A3: 1900
Q4: What did Pearson claim that science classifies?
A4: contents of the mind
Q5: Who is claimed to have been influenced by The Grammar of Science?
A5: Einstein
Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States (Social sciences and society)

Ideas for affirmative action came as early as the Reconstruction Era (1865-1877) in which a former slave population lacked the skills and resources for sustainable living. In 1865, General William Tecumseh Sherman proposed to divide the land and goods from Georgia and grant it to families of color which became the "Forty acres and a mule" policy. The proposal was never widely adopted due to strong political opposition. Nearly a century later (1950s-1960s), policies to assist classes of individuals reemerged during the Civil Rights Movement. The civil rights guarantees came through the interpretation of the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. The decisions came to be known as affirmative action in which mandatory, as well as voluntary programs, affirmed the civil rights of people of color. Furthermore, these affirmative action programs protected people of color from the present effects stemming from past discrimination. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy became the first to utilize the term "affirmative action" in Executive Order 10925 to ensure that government contractors "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin." This executive order realized the government's intent to create equal opportunities for all qualified people. This executive order was eventually amended and superseded by Lyndon B. Johnson's Executive Order 11246 which prevented discrimination based on race, color, religion, and national origin by organizations which received federal contracts and subcontracts. In 1967, the order was amended to include sex as well. The Reagan administration was opposed to the affirmative action requirements of Executive Order 11246, but these contemplated changes[which?] faced bi-partisan opposition in Congress.

Q1: When did the Reconstruction Era end?
A1: 1877
Q2: Who proposed that land be divided and split up among families of color?
A2: General William Tecumseh Sherman
Q3: What was the policy of dividing land among families of color referred to as?
A3: Forty acres and a mule
Q4: Which part of the constitution was the basis for policies that were developed during the Civil Rights Movement?
A4: Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment
Q5: Who was the first person to utilize the term "affirmative action"?
A5: President John F. Kennedy
Adolescence (Natural sciences)

Identity development is a stage in the adolescent life cycle. For most, the search for identity begins in the adolescent years. During these years, adolescents are more open to 'trying on' different behaviours and appearances to discover who they are. In other words, in an attempt to find their identity and discover who they are adolescents are liking to cycle through a number of identities to find one that suits them best. But, developing and maintaining identity (in adolescent years) is a difficult task due to multiple factors such as family life, environment, and social status. Empirical studies suggest that this process might be more accurately described as identity development, rather than formation, but confirms a normative process of change in both content and structure of one's thoughts about the self. The two main aspects of identity development are self-clarity and self-esteem. Since choices made during adolescent years can influence later life, high levels of self-awareness and self-control during mid-adolescence will lead to better decisions during the transition to adulthood.[citation needed] Researchers have used three general approaches to understanding identity development: self-concept, sense of identity, and self-esteem. The years of adolescence create a more conscientious group of young adults. Adolescents pay close attention and give more time and effort to their appearance as their body goes through changes. Unlike children, teens put forth an effort to look presentable (1991). The environment in which an adolescent grows up also plays an important role in their identity development. Studies done by the American Psychological Association have shown that adolescents with a less privileged upbringing have a more difficult time developing their identity.

Q1: When does the search for identity begin for most individuals?
A1: adolescent years
Q2: What are some factors that make developing and maintaining an identity during the adolescent years a difficult task?
A2: family life, environment, and social status
Q3: What are two main aspects of identity development?
A3: self-clarity and self-esteem
Q4: What are the three general approaches to understanding identity development?
A4: self-concept, sense of identity, and self-esteem
Q5: Do adolescents with a less privileged upbringing have a more or less difficult time developing their identity?
A5: more difficult
American_Idol (Music)

Idol Gives Back is a special charity event started in season six featuring performances by celebrities and various fund-raising initiatives. This event was also held in seasons seven and nine and has raised nearly $185 million in total.

Q1: What is the name of the special that raises money for charities on American Idol?
A1: Idol Gives Back
Q2: How much money has American Idol raised for charity with its Idol Gives Back specials? 
A2: $185 million
Q3: What is the name of the charity that Idol has?
A3: Idol Gives Back
Q4: When was the first Idol Gives Back?
A4: season six