LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Age_of_Enlightenment (Philosophy and religion)

Enlightenment scholars sought to curtail the political power of organized religion and thereby prevent another age of intolerant religious war. Spinoza determined to remove politics from contemporary and historical theology (e.g. disregarding Judaic law). Moses Mendelssohn advised affording no political weight to any organized religion, but instead recommended that each person follow what they found most convincing. A good religion based in instinctive morals and a belief in God should not theoretically need force to maintain order in its believers, and both Mendelssohn and Spinoza judged religion on its moral fruits, not the logic of its theology.

Q1: Did Mendelssohn and Spinoza judge religion on its moral fruits or logic of its theology??
A1: moral fruits
Q2: What did Enlightenment scholars seek to curtail and thereby prevent another age of intolerant religious war?
A2: organized religion
Q3: Spinoza was determined to remove what from contemporary and historical theology?
A3: politics
Q4: Did Moses Mendelssohn advise to follow a specific organized religion, or to whatever one found most convincing?
A4: what they found most convincing
United_States_Air_Force (Warfare)

Enlisted members of the USAF have pay grades from E-1 (entry level) to E-9 (senior enlisted). While all USAF military personnel are referred to as Airmen, the term also refers to the pay grades of E-1 through E-4, which are below the level of non-commissioned officers (NCOs). Above the pay grade of E-4 (i.e., pay grades E-5 through E-9) all ranks fall into the category of NCO and are further subdivided into "NCOs" (pay grades E-5 and E-6) and "Senior NCOs" (pay grades E-7 through E-9); the term "Junior NCO" is sometimes used to refer to staff sergeants and technical sergeants (pay grades E-5 and E-6).

Q1: What is the lowest pay grade in the USAF?
A1: E-1 (entry level)
Q2: What is the highest pay grade in the USAF?
A2: E-9 (senior enlisted)
Q3: What pay grades are included in the USAF for Senior NCOs?
A3: pay grades E-7 through E-9
Q4: What does junior NCO refer to in the USAF pay grade system?
A4: staff sergeants and technical sergeants
University_of_Kansas (Geography and places)

Enrollment at the Lawrence and Edwards campuses was 23,597 students in fall 2014; an additional 3,371 students were enrolled at the KU Medical Center for a total enrollment of 26,968 students across the three campuses. The university overall employed 2,663 faculty members in fall 2012.

Q1: How many people attended the University of Kansas at its Edwards and Lawrence locations in the fall semester of 2014?
A1: 23,597
Q2: In the autumn of 2014, how many people attended the University of Kansas's Medical Center?
A2: 3,371
Q3: How many students attended the University of Kansas combined in fall of 2014?
A3: 26,968
Q4: How many education professionals were working at KU in the fall of 2012?
A4: 2,663
Lighting (Engineering and technology)

Entry lights can be used outside to illuminate and signal the entrance to a property. These lights are installed for safety, security, and for decoration.

Q1: What type of light would be used illuminate the entrance to a property?
A1: Entry lights
Anthropology (Social sciences and society)

Environmental anthropology is a sub-specialty within the field of anthropology that takes an active role in examining the relationships between humans and their environment across space and time. The contemporary perspective of environmental anthropology, and arguably at least the backdrop, if not the focus of most of the ethnographies and cultural fieldworks of today, is political ecology. Many characterize this new perspective as more informed with culture, politics and power, globalization, localized issues, and more. The focus and data interpretation is often used for arguments for/against or creation of policy, and to prevent corporate exploitation and damage of land. Often, the observer has become an active part of the struggle either directly (organizing, participation) or indirectly (articles, documentaries, books, ethnographies). Such is the case with environmental justice advocate Melissa Checker and her relationship with the people of Hyde Park.

Q1: Which sub-specialty of anthropology takes an active role in looking at how humans interact with their environment?
A1: Environmental
Q2: What is the focus of most of the field work in environmental anthropology today?
A2: political ecology
Q3: What do many characterize the new perspective as being more informed with?
A3: culture, politics and power, globalization, localized issues, and more.
Q4: The data interpretation of environmental anthropology can be used to prevent what type of exploitation?
A4: corporate
Q5: Who does Melissa Checker have a relationship with?
A5: people of Hyde Park
Thuringia (History)

Environmental damage in Thuringia has been reduced to a large extent after 1990. The condition of forests, rivers and air was improved by modernizing factories, houses (decline of coal heating) and cars, and contaminated areas such as the former Uranium surface mines around Ronneburg have been remediated. Today's environmental problems are the salination of the Werra river, caused by discharges of K+S salt mines around Unterbreizbach and overfertilisation in agriculture, damaging the soil and small rivers.

Q1: Since when has environmental damage in Thuringia been reduced?
A1: 1990
Q2: What is one thing that helped to improve condition of forests, rivers and air?
A2: modernizing factories
Q3: What has been done to former Uranium surface mines around Ronneburg?
A3: Uranium surface mines around Ronneburg have been remediated
Q4: What are today's big environmental problems?
A4: the salination of the Werra river
Q5: What is causing the salination of the Werra river?
A5: discharges of K+S salt mines around Unterbreizbach
Architecture (Art and architecture)

Environmental sustainability has become a mainstream issue, with profound effect on the architectural profession. Many developers, those who support the financing of buildings, have become educated to encourage the facilitation of environmentally sustainable design, rather than solutions based primarily on immediate cost. Major examples of this can be found in Passive solar building design, greener roof designs, biodegradable materials, and more attention to a structure's energy usage. This major shift in architecture has also changed architecture schools to focus more on the environment. Sustainability in architecture was pioneered by Frank Lloyd Wright, in the 1960s by Buckminster Fuller and in the 1970s by architects such as Ian McHarg and Sim Van der Ryn in the US and Brenda and Robert Vale in the UK and New Zealand. There has been an acceleration in the number of buildings which seek to meet green building sustainable design principles. Sustainable practices that were at the core of vernacular architecture increasingly provide inspiration for environmentally and socially sustainable contemporary techniques. The U.S. Green Building Council's LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) rating system has been instrumental in this.

Q1: What issue has moved to the forefront in recent years?
A1: Environmental sustainability
Q2: What do architecture schools look at more and more nowadays?
A2: the environment
Q3: Who was the first to design architecture environmentally?
A3: Frank Lloyd Wright
Q4: Who was known for focusing on the environment in the 1960s?
A4: Buckminster Fuller
Q5: What organization's rating system promotes sustainability?
A5: The U.S. Green Building Council
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) (Philosophy and religion)

Ephesus is a cultic centre of Mary, the site of the first Church dedicated to her and the rumoured place of her death. Ephesus was previously a centre for worship of Artemis a virgin goddess. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus being regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World The cult of Mary was furthered by Queen Theodora in the 6th Century. According to William E. Phipps, in the book Survivals of Roman Religion "Gordon Laing argues convincingly that the worship of Artemis as both virgin and mother at the grand Ephesian temple contributed to the veneration of Mary."

Q1: Where is the site of the first Church dedicated to Mary?
A1: Ephesus
Q2: Which goddess was worshipped in Ephesus before Mary?
A2: Artemis
Q3: Who was the author of the book, "Survivals of Roman Religion?"
A3: William E. Phipps
Q4: Which Queen furthered the cult of Mary in the 6th Century?
A4: Queen Theodora
Q5: Where was Mary rumored to have died?
A5: Ephesus
Cyprus (Geography and places)

Epic poetry, notably the "acritic songs", flourished during Middle Ages. Two chronicles, one written by Leontios Machairas and the other by Georgios Voustronios, cover the entire Middle Ages until the end of Frankish rule (4th century–1489). Poèmes d'amour written in medieval Greek Cypriot date back from the 16th century. Some of them are actual translations of poems written by Petrarch, Bembo, Ariosto and G. Sannazzaro. Many Cypriot scholars fled Cyprus at troubled times such as Ioannis Kigalas (c. 1622–1687) who migrated from Cyprus to Italy in the 17th century, several of his works have survived in books of other scholars.

Q1: What type of artistic form flourished at the time of the Middle Ages?
A1: Epic poetry
Q2: What was the time period of Frankish rule?
A2: 4th century–1489
Q3: Who is one of the scholars that fled Cyprus during troubled times?
A3: Ioannis Kigalas
Q4: Where did scholar Ioannis Kigalas flee to in the 17th century?
A4: Italy
Botany (Natural sciences)

Epigenetic changes in eukaryotic biology serve to regulate the process of cellular differentiation. During morphogenesis, totipotent stem cells become the various pluripotent cell lines of the embryo, which in turn become fully differentiated cells. A single fertilized egg cell, the zygote, gives rise to the many different plant cell types including parenchyma, xylem vessel elements, phloem sieve tubes, guard cells of the epidermis, etc. as it continues to divide. The process results from the epigenetic activation of some genes and inhibition of others.

Q1: What process causes changes in plant cells?
A1: Epigenetic changes
Q2: What is the original cell of the plant?
A2: the zygote
Q3: How are the different cells formed?
A3: continues to divide
Q4: How is it determined, which cells will be formed?
A4: activation of some genes and inhibition of others
Botany (Natural sciences)

Epigenetics is the study of mitotically and/or meiotically heritable changes in gene function that cannot be explained by changes in the underlying DNA sequence but cause the organism's genes to behave (or "express themselves") differently. One example of epigenetic change is the marking of the genes by DNA methylation which determines whether they will be expressed or not. Gene expression can also be controlled by repressor proteins that attach to silencer regions of the DNA and prevent that region of the DNA code from being expressed. Epigenetic marks may be added or removed from the DNA during programmed stages of development of the plant, and are responsible, for example, for the differences between anthers, petals and normal leaves, despite the fact that they all have the same underlying genetic code. Epigenetic changes may be temporary or may remain through successive cell divisions for the remainder of the cell's life. Some epigenetic changes have been shown to be heritable, while others are reset in the germ cells.

Q1: What does epigenetics study?
A1: changes in gene function
Q2: How do DNA changes affect plants?
A2: express themselves") differently
Q3: When DNA has different markers, how it that presented in plants?
A3: prevent that region of the DNA code
Q4: What is a result of changes in DNA markers within a plant species?
A4: differences
Q5: Are the changes then presented, permanent?
A5: may be temporary
Protestantism (Philosophy and religion)

Episcopalians and Presbyterians, as well as other WASPs, tend to be considerably wealthier and better educated (having graduate and post-graduate degrees per capita) than most other religious groups in United States, and are disproportionately represented in the upper reaches of American business, law and politics, especially the Republican Party. Numbers of the most wealthy and affluent American families as the Vanderbilts and the Astors, Rockefeller, Du Pont, Roosevelt, Forbes, Whitneys, the Morgans and Harrimans are Mainline Protestant families.

Q1: What denominations are considered to be wealthier than most other groups?
A1: Episcopalians and Presbyterians
Q2: Affluent American families are what type of families?
A2: Mainline Protestant
Q3: What denominations are considered to be better educated than most other groups?
A3: Episcopalians and Presbyterians
Q4: What political group has a disproportionately large number of Protestants?
A4: Republican Party
Q5: Other than politics, what areas have a disproportionately large number of Protestants?
A5: American business, law
Planck_constant (Mathematics)

Equivalently, the smallness of the Planck constant reflects the fact that everyday objects and systems are made of a large number of particles. For example, green light with a wavelength of 555 nanometres (the approximate wavelength to which human eyes are most sensitive) has a frequency of 7014540000000000000♠540 THz (7014540000000000000♠540×1012 Hz). Each photon has an energy E = hf = 6981358000000000000♠3.58×10−19 J. That is a very small amount of energy in terms of everyday experience, but everyday experience is not concerned with individual photons any more than with individual atoms or molecules. An amount of light compatible with everyday experience is the energy of one mole of photons; its energy can be computed by multiplying the photon energy by the Avogadro constant, NA ≈ 7023602200000000000♠6.022×1023 mol−1. The result is that green light of wavelength 555 nm has an energy of 7005216000000000000♠216 kJ/mol, a typical energy of everyday life.

Q1: What does the smallness of the Planck constant show?
A1: the fact that everyday objects and systems are made of a large number of particles
Q2: At about what wavelength of light are human eyes most sensitive?
A2: 555 nanometres
Q3: What frequency does green light with a wavelength of 555 nanmetres have?
A3: 7014540000000000000♠540 THz
Q4: How is the energy from one mole of photos computed?
A4: by multiplying the photon energy by the Avogadro constant
Q5: How much energy does a green light of wavelength 555 nm contain?
A5: 7005216000000000000♠216 kJ/mol
Q6: What is the wavelength of light to which human eyes are most sensitive?
A6: 555 nanometres
Q7: What is the frequency of the light to which the human eye is most sensitive?
A7: 7014540000000000000♠540 THz
Q8: What is the energy of a photon?
A8: 6981358000000000000♠3.58×10−19 J
Q9: How much energy is contained in the light to which human eyes are most sensitive?
A9: 7005216000000000000♠216 kJ/mol
Armenians (Geography and places)

Eric P. Hamp in his 2012 Indo-European family tree, groups the Armenian language along with Greek and Ancient Macedonian ("Helleno-Macedonian") in the Pontic Indo-European (also called Helleno-Armenian) subgroup. In Hamp's view the homeland of this subgroup is the northeast coast of the Black Sea and its hinterlands. He assumes that they migrated from there southeast through the Caucasus with the Armenians remaining after Batumi while the pre-Greeks proceeded westwards along the southern coast of the Black Sea.

Q1: What languages does Hamp say are similar to Armenian?
A1: Greek and Ancient Macedonian
Q2: What subgroup does Hamp put the Armenian language in?
A2: Pontic Indo-European
Q3: Where does Hamp say the Pontic Indo-European languages originate?
A3: the northeast coast of the Black Sea and its hinterlands
East_Prussia (History)

Erich Koch headed the East Prussian Nazi party from 1928. He led the district from 1932. This period was characterized by efforts to collectivize the local agriculture and ruthlessness in dealing with his critics inside and outside the Party. He also had long-term plans for mass-scale industrialization of the largely agricultural province. These actions made him unpopular among the local peasants. In 1932 the local paramilitary SA had already started to terrorise their political opponents. On the night of 31 July 1932 there was a bomb attack on the headquarters of the Social Democrats in Königsberg, the Otto-Braun-House. The Communist politician Gustav Sauf was killed; the executive editor of the Social Democrat "Königsberger Volkszeitung", Otto Wyrgatsch, and the German People's Party politician Max von Bahrfeldt were severely injured. Members of the Reichsbanner were attacked and the local Reichsbanner Chairman of Lötzen, Kurt Kotzan, was murdered on 6 August 1932.

Q1: Who was the leader of the East Prussian Nazi Party?
A1: Erich Koch
Q2: What large plans did Koch have?
A2: mass-scale industrialization of the largely agricultural province
Q3: What even occurred during the summer of 1932 in Konigsberg?
A3: attack on the headquarters of the Social Democrats
Q4: Who was killed in the attack of the Social Democrats?
A4: Gustav Sauf
Identity_(social_science) (Philosophy and religion)

Erik Erikson (1902-1994) became one of the earliest psychologists to take an explicit interest in identity. The Eriksonian framework rests upon a distinction among the psychological sense of continuity, known as the ego identity (sometimes identified simply as "the self"); the personal idiosyncrasies that separate one person from the next, known as the personal identity; and the collection of social roles that a person might play, known as either the social identity or the cultural identity. Erikson's work, in the psychodynamic tradition, aimed to investigate the process of identity formation across a lifespan. Progressive strength in the ego identity, for example, can be charted in terms of a series of stages in which identity is formed in response to increasingly sophisticated challenges. The process of forming a viable sense of identity for the culture is conceptualized as an adolescent task, and those who do not manage a resynthesis of childhood identifications are seen as being in a state of 'identity diffusion' whereas those who retain their initially given identities unquestioned have 'foreclosed' identities (Weinreich & Saunderson 2003 p7-8). On some readings of Erikson, the development of a strong ego identity, along with the proper integration into a stable society and culture, lead to a stronger sense of identity in general. Accordingly, a deficiency in either of these factors may increase the chance of an identity crisis or confusion (Cote & Levine 2002, p. 22).

Q1: Who was one of the earliest psychologists to take an explicit interest in identity?
A1: Erik Erikson
Q2: What distinction is sometimes referred to as the self?
A2: ego identity
Q3: The personal idiosyncrasies that separate individuals are called what?
A3: the personal identity
Q4: What are the 3 names for the collection of a person's social roles?
A4: the social identity or the cultural identity
Q5: In what tradition is Erikson's work to track identity formation throughout a lifetime?
A5: the psychodynamic tradition
Eritrea (Natural sciences)

Eritrea (/ˌɛrᵻˈtreɪ.ə/ or /ˌɛrᵻˈtriːə/;, officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in East Africa. With its capital at Asmara, it is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast. The northeastern and eastern parts of Eritrea have an extensive coastline along the Red Sea. The nation has a total area of approximately 117,600 km2 (45,406 sq mi), and includes the Dahlak Archipelago and several of the Hanish Islands. Its name Eritrea is based on the Greek name for the Red Sea (Ἐρυθρὰ Θάλασσα Erythra Thalassa), which was first adopted for Italian Eritrea in 1890.

Q1: What country borders Eritrea in the west?
A1: Sudan
Q2: What country borders Eritrea in the south?
A2: Ethiopia
Q3: What country borders Eritrea in the southeast?
A3: Djibouti
Q4: What extensive coastline makes up a portion of Eritrea's East border?
A4: Red Sea
Q5: What is the total area of the nation of Eritrea?
A5: 117,600 km2 (45,406 sq mi)
Eritrea (Natural sciences)

Eritrea can be split into three ecoregions. To the east of the highlands are the hot, arid coastal plains stretching down to the southeast of the country. The cooler, more fertile highlands, reaching up to 3000m has a different habitat. Habitats here vary from the sub-tropical rainforest at Filfil Solomona to the precipitous cliffs and canyons of the southern highlands. The Afar Triangle or Danakil Depression of Eritrea is the probable location of a triple junction where three tectonic plates are pulling away from one another.The highest point of the country, Emba Soira, is located in the center of Eritrea, at 3,018 meters (9,902 ft) above sea level.

Q1: How many ecoregions make up Eritrea?
A1: three
Q2: What is the highest point in Eritrea?
A2: Emba Soira
Q3: Where is Emba Soira located?
A3: in the center of Eritrea
Q4: How high is Emba Soira?
A4: 3,018 meters (9,902 ft) above sea level
Q5: What is the probably location in Eritrea where three tectonic plates are pulling away from each other?
A5: The Afar Triangle or Danakil Depression
Eritrea (Natural sciences)

Eritrea has achieved significant improvements in health care and is one of the few countries to be on target to meet its Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets in health, in particular child health. Life expectancy at birth has increased from 39.1 in 1960 to 59.5 years in 2008, maternal and child mortality rates have dropped dramatically and the health infrastructure has been expanded. Due to Eritrea's relative isolation, information and resources are extremely limited and according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) found in 2008 average life expectancy to be slightly less than 63 years. Immunisation and child nutrition has been tackled by working closely with schools in a multi-sectoral approach; the number of children vaccinated against measles almost doubled in seven years, from 40.7% to 78.5% and the underweight prevalence among children decreased by 12% in 1995–2002 (severe underweight prevalence by 28%). The National Malaria Protection Unit of the Ministry of Health has registered tremendous improvements in reducing malarial mortality by as much as 85% and the number of cases by 92% between 1998 and 2006. The Eritrean government has banned female genital mutilation (FGM), saying the practice was painful and put women at risk of life-threatening health problems.

Q1: Which part of Eritrea's health care goals have they been most successful in?
A1: child health
Q2: What was the Eritrean life expectancy at birth in 1960?
A2: 39.1
Q3: What was the Eritrean life expectancy st birth in 2008?
A3: 59.5
Q4: Which practice was banned by the Eritrean government with claimes it is painful and has life-threatening health problems for women?
A4: female genital mutilation
Q5: How much did the National Malaria Protection Unit reduce malarial mortality by from 1998 - 2006?
A5: 85%
Eritrea (Natural sciences)

Eritrea is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, and is an observing member of the Arab League. The nation holds a seat on the United Nations' Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ). Eritrea also holds memberships in the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Finance Corporation, International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL), Non-Aligned Movement, Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, Permanent Court of Arbitration, and the World Customs Organization.

Q1: What is the abbreviation for the United Nations' Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions?
A1: ACABQ
Q2: What does the acronym INTERPOL stand for?
A2: International Criminal Police Organization
Q3: Which league is Eritrea an observing member of?
A3: Arab League