LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Multiracial_American (History)

By 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.

Q1: The Census Bureau had gone from two categories to how many by the 1990s?
A1: more than a dozen
Q2: Why were there more immigrants in the US?
A2: due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s
Q3: How had the Census Bureau changed its collection of data?
A3: allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity
Q4: What is one of the many outcomes of the Census data?
A4: federal assistance
Q5: By 2002, what percent of African Americans had multiracial ancestries?
A5: over 75%
Q6: How many different ethnic categories were listed on the modern census?
A6: By 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census,
Q7: Can people self identify as more than one ethnicity on the US census currently?
A7: The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity
Q8: About how many African American have multiracial ancestries
A8: According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.
Q9: Do some ethnic groups have concerns about census changes?
A9: Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as
Q10: How is some federal assistance allocated to certain groups?
A10: federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data
Q11: Twelve or more categories for race and ethnicity were in the Census by when?
A11: 1990
Q12: When did laws allow for more immigrants?
A12: in the 1960s
Q13: How many African Americans identify as multiracial on the Census of 2002?
A13: over 75%
Q14: What type of federal assistance depends on Census data?
A14: assistance to historically underserved groups
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

By 2013, Madonna's Raising Malawi organization built ten schools to educate 4,000 children in Malawi at a value of $400,000. When Madonna visited the schools in April 2013, President of Malawi Joyce Banda expressed criticism of the star and her charity, accusing her of exaggerating her charity's contribution. Madonna responded by releasing a statement saying she was saddened that Banda had chosen to act negatively about her endeavors. "I have no intention of being distracted by these ridiculous allegations," she added. Later, it was confirmed that Banda had not approved the statement released written by her press team and was "incandescent with anger" over the mix-up.

Q1: By 2013, how many did Madonna's Raising Malawi organization built?
A1: ten schools
Q2: When did Madonna visit Malawi's school?
A2: April 2013
Q3: Who criticized Madonna's charity efforts, stating that she exaggerated her contributions?
A3: President of Malawi Joyce Banda
Mali (Geography and places)

By 26 March, the growing refusal of soldiers to fire into the largely nonviolent protesting crowds turned into a full-scale tumult, and resulted into thousands of soldiers putting down their arms and joining the pro-democracy movement. That afternoon, Lieutenant Colonel Amadou Toumani Touré announced on the radio that he had arrested the dictatorial president, Moussa Traoré. As a consequence, opposition parties were legalized and a national congress of civil and political groups met to draft a new democratic constitution to be approved by a national referendum.

Q1: Who announced over the Radio that the president had been arrested?
A1: Lieutenant Colonel Amadou Toumani Touré
Q2: Thousands of soldiers put their weapons down and joined what type of efforts?
A2: pro-democracy
Q3: The non violent protesting led the soldiers to engage in what type of behavior?
A3: refusal of soldiers to fire
Q4: Opposing groups met to make and create what kind of democratic laws?
A4: constitution
Q5: What group was to approve the new democratic constitution?
A5: a national referendum
Roman_Republic (History)

By 287 BC, the economic condition of the average plebeian had become poor. The problem appears to have centered around widespread indebtedness. The plebeians demanded relief, but the senators refused to address their situation. The result was the final plebeian secession. The plebeians seceded to the Janiculum hill. To end the secession, a dictator was appointed. The dictator passed a law (the Lex Hortensia), which ended the requirement that the patrician senators must agree before any bill could be considered by the Plebeian Council. This was not the first law to require that an act of the Plebeian Council have the full force of law. The Plebeian Council acquired this power during a modification to the original Valerian law in 449 BC. The significance of this law was in the fact that it robbed the patricians of their final weapon over the plebeians. The result was that control over the state fell, not onto the shoulders of voters, but to the new plebeian nobility.

Q1: What was the economic status of your typical plebeian in 287 BC?
A1: poor
Q2: Who refused to concern themselves with the plebeians debt situation?
A2: senators
Q3: What law was passed that allowed the Plebeian Council to consider a bill without the approval of the patrician senators?
A3: the Lex Hortensia
Q4: What did the patrician senators refusal to address the accumulating debt of the plebeians lead to?
A4: the final plebeian secession
Korean_War (Warfare)

By 30 November, the PVA 13th Army Group managed to expel the U.S. Eighth Army from northwest Korea. Retreating from the north faster than they had counter-invaded, the Eighth Army crossed the 38th parallel border in mid December. UN morale hit rock bottom when commanding General Walton Walker of the U.S. Eighth Army was killed on 23 December 1950 in an automobile accident. In northeast Korea by 11 December, the U.S. X Corps managed to cripple the PVA 9th Army Group while establishing a defensive perimeter at the port city of Hungnam. The X Corps were forced to evacuate by 24 December in order to reinforce the badly depleted U.S. Eighth Army to the south.

Q1: Who did the PVA 13th Army Group force out of northwest Korea?
A1: the U.S. Eighth Army
Q2: Whose death was not a direct casualty of the war?
A2: General Walton Walker
Q3: Why did the X Corps leave Hungnam?
A3: to reinforce the badly depleted U.S. Eighth Army
Q4: What effect did the death of General Walton Walker have on the troops?
A4: UN morale hit rock bottom
History_of_India (History)

By 326 BC, Alexander the Great had conquered Asia Minor and the Achaemenid Empire and had reached the northwest frontiers of the Indian subcontinent. There he defeated King Porus in the Battle of the Hydaspes (near modern-day Jhelum, Pakistan) and conquered much of the Punjab. Alexander's march east put him in confrontation with the Nanda Empire of Magadha and the Gangaridai of Bengal. His army, exhausted and frightened by the prospect of facing larger Indian armies at the Ganges River, mutinied at the Hyphasis (modern Beas River) and refused to march further East. Alexander, after the meeting with his officer, Coenus, and learning about the might of Nanda Empire, was convinced that it was better to return.

Q1: When did Alexander the Great reach India?
A1: 326 BC
Q2: Who did Alexander defeat in the area now Pakistan?
A2: King Porus
Q3: At what battle did Alexander beat King Porus?
A3: Battle of the Hydaspes
Q4: Where did Alexander's army finally mutiny?
A4: Hyphasis
Q5: The strength of what empire's army pushed Alexander to retreat?
A5: Nanda Empire
Sahara (Geography and places)

By 3400 BCE, the Sahara was as dry as it is today, due to reduced precipitation and higher temperatures resulting from a shift in the Earth's orbit. As a result of this aridification, it became a largely impenetrable barrier to humans, with the remaining settlements mainly being concentrated around the numerous oases that dot the landscape. Little trade or commerce is known to have passed through the interior in subsequent periods, the only major exception being the Nile Valley. The Nile, however, was impassable at several cataracts, making trade and contact by boat difficult.

Q1: By What time period was the Sahara dry like it is today?
A1: 3400 BCE
Q2: What was the main reason that the Sahara became so   dry?
A2: reduced precipitation and higher temperatures
Q3: What area is known for having the majority of the trade?
A3: the Nile Valley
Roman_Republic (History)

By 390 BC, several Gallic tribes were invading Italy from the north as their culture expanded throughout Europe. The Romans were alerted to this when a particularly warlike tribe invaded two Etruscan towns close to Rome's sphere of influence. These towns, overwhelmed by the enemy's numbers and ferocity, called on Rome for help. The Romans met the Gauls in pitched battle at the Battle of Allia River around 390–387 BC. The Gauls, led by chieftain Brennus, defeated the Roman army of approximately 15,000 troops, pursued the fleeing Romans back to Rome, and sacked the city before being either driven off or bought off. Romans and Gauls continued to war intermittently in Italy for more than two centuries.[relevant? – discuss]

Q1: When did the Battle of Allia River approximately end?
A1: 387 BC
Q2: How many of the Roman military were involved in the Battle of Allia River?
A2: 15,000 troops
Q3: Where did the Romans attempt to escape to after their loss against the Gauls?
A3: Rome
Q4: What is the name of the chieftan who led his army to victory in the Battle of Allia River?
A4: Brennus
Q5: Who asked Rome for assistance after being overburdened by their enemies?
A5: two Etruscan towns
Greece (Geography and places)

By 500 BC, the Persian Empire controlled the Greek city states in Asia Minor and had made territorial gains in the Balkans and Eastern Europe proper as well. Attempts by some of the Greek city-states of Asia Minor to overthrow Persian rule failed, and Persia invaded the states of mainland Greece in 492 BC, but was forced to withdraw after a defeat at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC. A second invasion by the Persians followed in 480 BC. Despite a heroic resistance at Thermopylae by Spartans and other Greeks led by King Leonidas, and a simultaneous naval engagement at Artemisium,[page needed] Persian forces occupied Athens, which had been evacuated in time, as well as briefly overrunning half of Greece. Following decisive Greek victories in 480 and 479 BC at Salamis, Plataea, and Mycale, the Persians were forced to withdraw for a second time, marking their eventual withdrawal from all of their European territories. Led by Athens and Sparta, the Greek victories in the Greco-Persian Wars are considered a pivotal moment in world history, as the 50 years of peace that followed are known as Golden Age of Athens, the seminal period of ancient Greece that laid many of the foundations of Western civilization.

Q1: In 500 BC, Greece was ruled over by who?
A1: Persian Empire
Q2: What battle did Persia lose in 490 BC?
A2: Battle of Marathon
Q3: The Spartans made their last stand at what battle location?
A3: Thermopylae
Q4: The battles between the Greeks and Persians are known as what?
A4: Greco-Persian Wars
Q5: After the Persians left Europe, the time period that followed was called what?
A5: Golden Age of Athens
Sahara (Geography and places)

By 500 BCE, Greeks arrived in the desert. Greek traders spread along the eastern coast of the desert, establishing trading colonies along the Red Sea. The Carthaginians explored the Atlantic coast of the desert, but the turbulence of the waters and the lack of markets caused a lack of presence further south than modern Morocco. Centralized states thus surrounded the desert on the north and east; it remained outside the control of these states. Raids from the nomadic Berber people of the desert were a constant concern of those living on the edge of the desert.

Q1: Where did the Greeks established their trading colonies?
A1: Red Sea
Q2: Which coast did the Carthaginians explore for trade?
A2: the Atlantic coast
Q3: Who would raid the desert leaving the people in constant   fear?
A3: nomadic Berber
Roman_Republic (History)

By 59 BC an unofficial political alliance known as the First Triumvirate was formed between Gaius Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus ("Pompey the Great") to share power and influence. In 53 BC, Crassus launched a Roman invasion of the Parthian Empire (modern Iraq and Iran). After initial successes, he marched his army deep into the desert; but here his army was cut off deep in enemy territory, surrounded and slaughtered at the Battle of Carrhae in which Crassus himself perished. The death of Crassus removed some of the balance in the Triumvirate and, consequently, Caesar and Pompey began to move apart. While Caesar was fighting in Gaul, Pompey proceeded with a legislative agenda for Rome that revealed that he was at best ambivalent towards Caesar and perhaps now covertly allied with Caesar's political enemies. In 51 BC, some Roman senators demanded that Caesar not be permitted to stand for consul unless he turned over control of his armies to the state, which would have left Caesar defenceless before his enemies. Caesar chose civil war over laying down his command and facing trial.

Q1: When was the invasion of the Parthian Empire begun?
A1: 53 BC
Q2: Who started the invasion of the Parthian Empire?
A2: Crassus
Q3: In what battle did Marcus Licinius Crassus die?
A3: the Battle of Carrhae
Q4: Who was believed to have had a secret allegiance with enemies of Julius Caesar?
A4: Pompey
Q5: What did the senators request of Caesar in order for him to stand for consul?
A5: turned over control of his armies to the state
Sahara (Geography and places)

By 6000 BCE predynastic Egyptians in the southwestern corner of Egypt were herding cattle and constructing large buildings. Subsistence in organized and permanent settlements in predynastic Egypt by the middle of the 6th millennium BCE centered predominantly on cereal and animal agriculture: cattle, goats, pigs and sheep. Metal objects replaced prior ones of stone. Tanning of animal skins, pottery and weaving were commonplace in this era also. There are indications of seasonal or only temporary occupation of the Al Fayyum in the 6th millennium BCE, with food activities centering on fishing, hunting and food-gathering. Stone arrowheads, knives and scrapers from the era are commonly found. Burial items included pottery, jewelry, farming and hunting equipment, and assorted foods including dried meat and fruit. Burial in desert environments appears to enhance Egyptian preservation rites, and dead were buried facing due west.

Q1: What were Egyptians herding in the early BCE period?
A1: cattle
Q2: By what time period were the Egyptians constructing  large buildings?
A2: 6000 BCE
Q3: What items replaced previously items made of stone?
A3: Metal objects
Q4: In which direction were the dead facing when they were   buried?
A4: due west
Immaculate_Conception (Philosophy and religion)

By 750, the feast of her conception was widely celebrated in the Byzantine East, under the name of the Conception (active) of Saint Anne. In the West it was known as the feast of the Conception (passive) of Mary, and was associated particularly with the Normans, whether these introduced it directly from the East or took it from English usage. The spread of the feast, by now with the adjective "Immaculate" attached to its title, met opposition on the part of some, on the grounds that sanctification was possible only after conception. Critics included Saints Bernard of Clairvaux, Albertus Magnus and Thomas Aquinas. Other theologians defended the expression "Immaculate Conception", pointing out that sanctification could be conferred at the first moment of conception in view of the foreseen merits of Christ, a view held especially by Franciscans.

Q1: What was widely observed in the eastern portion of the Byzantine world ?
A1: the feast of her conception was widely celebrated in the Byzantine East
Q2: What was the name of this festival ?
A2: under the name of the Conception (active) of Saint Anne
Q3: Was there anything in similarity that happened in the Western portion of the Empire ? If so who was it supported by?
A3: In the West it was known as the feast of the Conception (passive) of Mary, and was associated particularly with the Normans
Q4: Who was against all of the celebrations of Mary 's her birth ?
A4: Critics included Saints Bernard of Clairvaux, Albertus Magnus and Thomas Aquinas.
Q5: According to some when is is possible for a Sanctified Mary to have emerged ?
A5: out that sanctification could be conferred at the first moment of conception in view of the foreseen merits of Christ, a view held especially by Franciscans.
Pacific_War (History)

By April 1945, China had already been at war with Japan for more than seven years. Both nations were exhausted by years of battles, bombings and blockades. After Japanese victories in Operation Ichi-Go, Japan were losing the battle in Burma and facing constant attacks from Chinese Nationalists forces and Communist guerrillas in the country side. The Japanese army began preparations for the Battle of West Hunan in March 1945. Japanese mobilized 34th, 47th, 64th, 68th and 116th Divisions, as well as the 86th Independent Brigade, for a total of 80,000 men to seize Chinese airfields and secure railroads in West Hunan by early April. In response, the Chinese National Military Council dispatched the 4th Front Army and the 10th and 27th Army Groups with He Yingqin as commander-in-chief. At the same time, it airlifted the entire Chinese New 6th Corps, an American-equipped corps and veterans of the Burma Expeditionary Force, from Kunming to Zhijiang. Chinese forces totaled 110,000 men in 20 divisions. They were supported by about 400 aircraft from Chinese and American air forces. Chinese forces achieved a decisive victory and launched a large counterattack in this campaign. Concurrently, the Chinese managed to repel a Japanese offensive in Henan and Hubei. Afterwards, Chinese forces retook Hunan and Hubei provinces in South China. Chinese launched a counter offensive to retake Guangxi which was the last major Japanese stronghold in South China. In August 1945, Chinese forces successfully retook Guangxi.[citation needed]

Q1: In 1945, how many years had Japan already been at war with China?
A1: seven
Q2: What battle did the Japanese Army begin to prepare for in March 1945?
A2: Battle of West Hunan
Q3: How many Japanese soldiers were mobilized to capture the Chinese airfields and railroads in West Hunan?
A3: 80,000
Q4: Who was the Chinese commander-in-chief of the 10th and 27th Army Groups?
A4: He Yingqin
Q5: When did Chinese forces retake Guangxi?
A5: August 1945
The_Blitz (History)

By April and May 1941, the Luftwaffe was still getting through to their targets, taking no more than one- to two-percent losses on any given mission. On 19/20 April 1941, in honour of Hitler's 52nd birthday, 712 bombers hit Plymouth with a record 1,000 tons of bombs. Losses were minimal. In the following month, 22 German bombers were lost with 13 confirmed to have been shot down by night fighters. On 3/4 May, nine were shot down in one night. On 10/11 May, London suffered severe damage, but 10 German bombers were downed. In May 1941, RAF night fighters shot down 38 German bombers.

Q1: What was the most losses the Luftwaffe suffered on any mission?
A1: one- to two-percent losses
Q2: How many bombers hit Plymouth on Hitler's birthday?
A2: 712
Q3: How many bombs hit Plymouth on Hitler's birthday?
A3: 1,000 tons of bombs
Q4: On May 3/4 how many German bombers were lost?
A4: nine
Q5: How many German bombers were shot down by the RAF in May?
A5: 38 German bombers
Napoleon (History)

By August 1805, Napoleon had realized that the strategic situation had changed fundamentally. Facing a potential invasion from his continental enemies, he decided to strike first and turned his army's sights from the English Channel to the Rhine. His basic objective was to destroy the isolated Austrian armies in Southern Germany before their Russian allies could arrive. On 25 September, after great secrecy and feverish marching, 200,000 French troops began to cross the Rhine on a front of 260 km (160 mi). Austrian commander Karl Mack had gathered the greater part of the Austrian army at the fortress of Ulm in Swabia. Napoleon swung his forces to the southeast and the Grande Armée performed an elaborate wheeling movement that outflanked the Austrian positions. The Ulm Maneuver completely surprised General Mack, who belatedly understood that his army had been cut off. After some minor engagements that culminated in the Battle of Ulm, Mack finally surrendered after realizing that there was no way to break out of the French encirclement. For just 2000 French casualties, Napoleon had managed to capture a total of 60,000 Austrian soldiers through his army's rapid marching. The Ulm Campaign is generally regarded as a strategic masterpiece and was influential in the development of the Schlieffen Plan in the late 19th century. For the French, this spectacular victory on land was soured by the decisive victory that the Royal Navy attained at the Battle of Trafalgar on 21 October. After Trafalgar, Britain had total domination of the seas for the duration of the Napoleonic Wars.

Q1: By August 1805, Napoleon changed the primary target of his army's efforts from the English Channel to what area?
A1: the Rhine
Q2:  On what date did French troops begin to cross the Rhine?
A2: 25 September
Q3: How many French troops were involved in the crossing of the Rhine?
A3: 200,000
Q4: Who was the Austrian commander who led the army at the fortress of Ulm?
A4: Karl Mack
Q5: How many casualties did the French suffer at the Battle of Ulm?
A5: 2000
Korean_War (Warfare)

By August, the KPA had pushed back the ROK Army and the Eighth United States Army to the vicinity of Pusan in southeast Korea. In their southward advance, the KPA purged the Republic of Korea's intelligentsia by killing civil servants and intellectuals. On 20 August, General MacArthur warned North Korean leader Kim Il-sung that he was responsible for the KPA's atrocities. By September, the UN Command controlled the Pusan perimeter, enclosing about 10% of Korea, in a line partially defined by the Nakdong River.

Q1: How did the KPA hurt the Republic of Korea's intellectual core?
A1: by killing civil servants and intellectuals
Q2: Who was held responsible for the actions of the KPA?
A2: Kim Il-sung
Q3: Where did the Eighth United States and ROK get pushed back to?
A3: southeast Korea
Q4: What body of water provided a natural border to the UN command-controlled Pusan perimeter?
A4: Nakdong River
Q5: How much of Korea was under the control of the United Nations?
A5: 10%