LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Armenia (History)

The Armenian Army, Air Force, Air Defence, and Border Guard comprise the four branches of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Armenia. The Armenian military was formed after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and with the establishment of the Ministry of Defence in 1992. The Commander-in-Chief of the military is the President of Armenia, Serzh Sargsyan. The Ministry of Defence is in charge of political leadership, currently headed by Colonel General Seyran Ohanyan, while military command remains in the hands of the General Staff, headed by the Chief of Staff, who is currently Colonel General Yuri Khatchaturov.

Q1: What are the four branches of the Armenian Armed Forces?
A1: The Armenian Army, Air Force, Air Defence, and Border Guard
Q2: When was the Armenian military created?
A2: 1991
Q3: When was the Ministry of Defence founded?
A3: 1992
Q4: Who is in charge of the the Armenian military?
A4: Colonel General Yuri Khatchaturov
Q5: Who is in charge of the Ministry of Defence?
A5: Colonel General Seyran Ohanyan
Armenia (History)

The Armenian Genocide caused widespread emigration that led to the settlement of Armenians in various countries in the world. Armenians kept to their traditions and certain diasporans rose to fame with their music. In the post-Genocide Armenian community of the United States, the so-called "kef" style Armenian dance music, using Armenian and Middle Eastern folk instruments (often electrified/amplified) and some western instruments, was popular. This style preserved the folk songs and dances of Western Armenia, and many artists also played the contemporary popular songs of Turkey and other Middle Eastern countries from which the Armenians emigrated.

Q1: What is kef?
A1: Armenian dance music, using Armenian and Middle Eastern folk instruments
Q2: What did kef help do?
A2: preserved the folk songs and dances of Western Armenia
Q3: Where did the Armenians emigrate from?
A3: Turkey and other Middle Eastern countries
Armenians (Geography and places)

The Armenian Genocide caused widespread emigration that led to the settlement of Armenians in various countries in the world. Armenians kept to their traditions and certain diasporans rose to fame with their music. In the post-Genocide Armenian community of the United States, the so-called "kef" style Armenian dance music, using Armenian and Middle Eastern folk instruments (often electrified/amplified) and some western instruments, was popular. This style preserved the folk songs and dances of Western Armenia, and many artists also played the contemporary popular songs of Turkey and other Middle Eastern countries from which the Armenians emigrated. Richard Hagopian is perhaps the most famous artist of the traditional "kef" style and the Vosbikian Band was notable in the 40s and 50s for developing their own style of "kef music" heavily influenced by the popular American Big Band Jazz of the time. Later, stemming from the Middle Eastern Armenian diaspora and influenced by Continental European (especially French) pop music, the Armenian pop music genre grew to fame in the 60s and 70s with artists such as Adiss Harmandian and Harout Pamboukjian performing to the Armenian diaspora and Armenia. Also with artists such as Sirusho, performing pop music combined with Armenian folk music in today's entertainment industry. Other Armenian diasporans that rose to fame in classical or international music circles are world-renowned French-Armenian singer and composer Charles Aznavour, pianist Sahan Arzruni, prominent opera sopranos such as Hasmik Papian and more recently Isabel Bayrakdarian and Anna Kasyan. Certain Armenians settled to sing non-Armenian tunes such as the heavy metal band System of a Down (which nonetheless often incorporates traditional Armenian instrumentals and styling into their songs) or pop star Cher. Ruben Hakobyan (Ruben Sasuntsi) is a well recognized Armenian ethnographic and patriotic folk singer who has achieved widespread national recognition due to his devotion to Armenian folk music and exceptional talent. In the Armenian diaspora, Armenian revolutionary songs are popular with the youth.[citation needed] These songs encourage Armenian patriotism and are generally about Armenian history and national heroes.

Q1: What type of music is Richard Hagopian famous for?
A1: the traditional "kef" style
Q2: What instruments does 'kef' use?
A2: Armenian and Middle Eastern folk instruments (often electrified/amplified) and some western instruments
Q3: What type of music does Sirusho perform?
A3: pop music combined with Armenian folk music
Q4: What nationality is Charles Aznavour?
A4: French-Armenian
Q5: What US heavy metal band is comprised of Armenians?
A5: System of a Down
Armenians (Geography and places)

The Armenian Highland lies in the highlands surrounding Mount Ararat, the highest peak of the region. In the Bronze Age, several states flourished in the area of Greater Armenia, including the Hittite Empire (at the height of its power), Mitanni (South-Western historical Armenia), and Hayasa-Azzi (1600–1200 BC). Soon after Hayasa-Azzi were Arme-Shupria (1300s–1190 BC), the Nairi (1400–1000 BC) and the Kingdom of Urartu (860–590 BC), who successively established their sovereignty over the Armenian Highland. Each of the aforementioned nations and tribes participated in the ethnogenesis of the Armenian people. Under Ashurbanipal (669–627 BC), the Assyrian empire reached the Caucasus Mountains (modern Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan).

Q1: What mountain does Armenia surround?
A1: Mount Ararat
Q2: What era was the Hittite Empire in?
A2: the Bronze Age
Q3: When did the Hayasa-Azzi rule?
A3: 1600–1200 BC
Q4: When did the Arme-Shupria rule?
A4: 1300s–1190 BC
Q5: When did the Nairi rule?
A5: 1400–1000 BC
Armenians (Geography and places)

The Armenians collective has, at times, constituted a Christian "island" in a mostly Muslim region. There is, however, a minority of ethnic Armenian Muslims, known as Hamshenis but many Armenians view them as a separate race, while the history of the Jews in Armenia dates back 2,000 years. The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia had close ties to European Crusader States. Later on, the deteriorating situation in the region led the bishops of Armenia to elect a Catholicos in Etchmiadzin, the original seat of the Catholicosate. In 1441, a new Catholicos was elected in Etchmiadzin in the person of Kirakos Virapetsi, while Krikor Moussapegiants preserved his title as Catholicos of Cilicia. Therefore, since 1441, there have been two Catholicosates in the Armenian Church with equal rights and privileges, and with their respective jurisdictions. The primacy of honor of the Catholicosate of Etchmiadzin has always been recognized by the Catholicosate of Cilicia.

Q1: What religion is dominant in the countries surrounding Armenia?
A1: Muslim
Q2: What are Hamshenis?
A2: ethnic Armenian Muslims
Q3: Who became Catholicos in Etchmiadzin in 1441?
A3: Kirakos Virapetsi
Q4: Who remained Catholicos of Cilicia?
A4: Krikor Moussapegiants
Q5: How do the two Catholicosates compare?
A5: equal rights and privileges
Portugal (Geography and places)

The Army (21,000 personnel) comprises three brigades and other small units. An infantry brigade (mainly equipped with Pandur II APC), a mechanized brigade (mainly equipped with Leopard 2 A6 tanks and M113 APC) and a Rapid Reaction Brigade (consisting of paratroopers, commandos and rangers). The Navy (10,700 personnel, of which 1,580 are marines) has five frigates, seven corvettes, two submarines, and 28 patrol and auxiliary vessels. The Air Force (7,500 personnel) has the Lockheed F-16 Fighting Falcon and the Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet as the main combat aircraft.

Q1: What is the number of personnel in the army?
A1: 21,000
Q2: With what is the infantry brigade mainly equipped with?
A2: Pandur II APC
Q3: What is the mechanized brigade mainly equipped with?
A3: Leopard 2 A6 tanks and M113 APC
Q4: What does the Rapid Reaction Brigade consist of?
A4: paratroopers, commandos and rangers
Q5: How many personnel does the Navy have?
A5: 10,700
Armenians (Geography and places)

The Arsacid Kingdom of Armenia, itself a branch of the Arsacid dynasty of Parthia, was the first state to adopt Christianity as its religion (it had formerly been adherent to Armenian paganism, which was influenced by Zoroastrianism, while later on adopting a few elements regarding identification of its pantheon with Greco-Roman deities). in the early years of the 4th century, likely AD 301, partly in defiance of the Sassanids it seems. In the late Parthian period, Armenia was a predominantly Zoroastrian-adhering land, but by the Christianisation, previously predominant Zoroastrianism and paganism in Armenia gradually declined. Later on, in order to further strengthen Armenian national identity, Mesrop Mashtots invented the Armenian alphabet, in 405 AD. This event ushered the Golden Age of Armenia, during which many foreign books and manuscripts were translated to Armenian by Mesrop's pupils. Armenia lost its sovereignty again in 428 AD to the rivalling Byzantine and Sassanid Persian empires, until the Muslim conquest of Persia overran also the regions in which Armenians lived.

Q1: What was the first country to make Christianity its official religion?
A1: The Arsacid Kingdom of Armenia
Q2: What religion was Armenian paganism influenced by?
A2: Zoroastrianism
Q3: When did Armenia make Christianity its official religion?
A3: AD 301
Q4: Why did Armenia make Christianity its official religion?
A4: in defiance of the Sassanids
Q5: Who invented the Armenian alphabet?
A5: Mesrop Mashtots
History_of_India (History)

The Arthashastra and the Edicts of Ashoka are the primary written records of the Mauryan times. Archaeologically, this period falls into the era of Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW). The Mauryan Empire was based on a modern and efficient economy and society. However, the sale of merchandise was closely regulated by the government. Although there was no banking in the Mauryan society, usury was customary. A significant amount of written records on slavery are found, suggesting a prevalence thereof. During this period, a high quality steel called Wootz steel was developed in south India and was later exported to China and Arabia.

Q1: What are the basic written records of the Mauryans?
A1: Arthashastra and the Edicts of Ashoka
Q2: What is the archaeological period of the Mauryan Empire?
A2: Northern Black Polished Ware
Q3: What metal was developed in south India during the time of the Mauryan Empire?
A3: Wootz steel
Q4: To where was wootz steel exported?
A4: China and Arabia
Q5: What organization closely monitored business dealings in the Mauryan Empire? 
A5: government
Charleston,_South_Carolina (Geography and places)

The Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge across the Cooper River opened on July 16, 2005, and was the second-longest cable-stayed bridge in the Americas at the time of its construction.[citation needed] The bridge links Mount Pleasant with downtown Charleston, and has eight lanes plus a 12-foot lane shared by pedestrians and bicycles. It replaced the Grace Memorial Bridge (built in 1929) and the Silas N. Pearman Bridge (built in 1966). They were considered two of the more dangerous bridges in America and were demolished after the Ravenel Bridge opened.

Q1: What year did the Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge open?
A1: 2005
Q2: What is linked to downtown Charleston by the bridge?
A2: Mount Pleasant
Q3: What year was the Grace Memorial Bridge built?
A3: 1929
Q4: What year was the Silas N. Pearman Bridge built?
A4: 1966
Q5: The Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge crosses what river?
A5: Cooper River
Norfolk_Island (Geography and places)

The Assembly consisted of nine seats, with electors casting nine equal votes, of which no more than two could be given to any individual candidate. It is a method of voting called a "weighted first past the post system". Four of the members of the Assembly formed the Executive Council, which devised policy and acted as an advisory body to the Administrator. The last Chief Minister of Norfolk Island was Lisle Snell. Other ministers included: Minister for Tourism, Industry and Development; Minister for Finance; Minister for Cultural Heritage and Community Services; and Minister for Environment.

Q1: The Assembly of Norfolk Island is made of how many seats?
A1: nine
Q2: What method of voting does Norfolk Island use for it's Assembly?
A2: a "weighted first past the post system"
Q3: Four members of the Assembly made up what Council, responsible for devising policy for Norfolk Island?
A3: Executive
Q4: Who was the last Chief Minister of Norfolk Island?
A4: Lisle Snell
Q5: What is the official name for the Minister in charge of tourism on Norfolk Island?
A5: Minister for Tourism, Industry and Development
Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty (History)

The Association for Asian Studies states that there is no known written evidence to suggest that later leaders of the Gelug—Gendün Drup (1391–1474) and Gendün Gyatso (1475–1571)—had any contacts with Ming China. These two religious leaders were preoccupied with an overriding concern for dealing with the powerful secular Rinpungpa princes, who were patrons and protectors of the Karma Kargyu lamas. The Rinpungpa leaders were relatives of the Phagmodrupa, yet their authority shifted over time from simple governors to rulers in their own right over large areas of Ü-Tsang. The prince of Rinbung occupied Lhasa in 1498 and excluded the Gelug from attending New Years ceremonies and prayers, the most important event in the Gelug. While the task of New Years prayers in Lhasa was granted to the Karmapa and others, Gendün Gyatso traveled in exile looking for allies. However, it was not until 1518 that the secular Phagmodru ruler captured Lhasa from the Rinbung, and thereafter the Gelug was given rights to conduct the New Years prayer. When the Drikung Kagyu abbot of Drigung Monastery threatened Lhasa in 1537, Gendün Gyatso was forced to abandon the Drepung Monastery, although he eventually returned.

Q1: Who were the Rinpungpa leaders related to?
A1: the Phagmodrupa
Q2: When did the the prince of Rinbung occupy Lhasa?
A2: 1498
Q3: What was the most important event to the Gelug?
A3: New Years ceremonies and prayers
Q4: When was Gelug was given the right to conduct the New Years prayer?
A4: 1518
North_Carolina (Geography and places)

The Atlantic Ocean has less influence on the climate of the Piedmont region, which has hotter summers and colder winters than in the coast. Daytime highs in the Piedmont often reach over 90 °F (32 °C) in the summer. While it is not common for the temperature to reach over 100 °F (38 °C) in the state, such temperatures, when they occur, typically are found only in the lower-elevation areas of the Piedmont and far-inland areas of the coastal plain. The weaker influence of the Atlantic Ocean also means that temperatures in the Piedmont often fluctuate more widely than in the coast.

Q1: What region of North Carolina has hotter summers and colder winters than the coast?
A1: Piedmont
Q2: In summer, daytime highs often reach what temperature in the Piedmont region?
A2: 90 °F
Q3: Temperatures over 100 degrees will typically be found in what elevation of the Piedmont?
A3: .
Q4: What type of influence of the Atlantic Ocean makes the temperatures fluctuate more than on the coast?
A4: weaker
Geography_of_the_United_States (Geography and places)

The Atlantic coast of the United States is low, with minor exceptions. The Appalachian Highland owes its oblique northeast-southwest trend to crustal deformations which in very early geological time gave a beginning to what later came to be the Appalachian mountain system. This system had its climax of deformation so long ago (probably in Permian time) that it has since then been very generally reduced to moderate or low relief. It owes its present-day altitude either to renewed elevations along the earlier lines or to the survival of the most resistant rocks as residual mountains. The oblique trend of this coast would be even more pronounced but for a comparatively modern crustal movement, causing a depression in the northeast resulting in an encroachment of the sea upon the land. Additionally, the southeastern section has undergone an elevation resulting in the advance of the land upon the sea.

Q1: Why does the Appalachian Highland have the terrain it does?
A1: crustal deformations
Q2: During what geological period did the Appalachian mountains reach their highest formation point?
A2: Permian time
Q3: What is the name of the mountaneous region along the Atlantic cost. 
A3: The Appalachian Highland
Hellenistic_period (History)

The Attalid dynasty of Pergamum lasted little longer; a Roman ally until the end, its final king Attalus III died in 133 BC without an heir, and taking the alliance to its natural conclusion, willed Pergamum to the Roman Republic. The final Greek resistance came in 88 BC, when King Mithridates of Pontus rebelled against Rome, captured Roman held Anatolia, and massacred up to 100,000 Romans and Roman allies across Asia Minor. Many Greek cities, including Athens, overthrew their Roman puppet rulers and joined him in the Mithridatic wars. When he was driven out of Greece by the Roman general Lucius Cornelius Sulla, who laid siege to Athens and razed the city. Mithridates was finally defeated by Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Great) in 65 BC. Further ruin was brought to Greece by the Roman civil wars, which were partly fought in Greece. Finally, in 27 BC, Augustus directly annexed Greece to the new Roman Empire as the province of Achaea. The struggles with Rome had left Greece depopulated and demoralised. Nevertheless, Roman rule at least brought an end to warfare, and cities such as Athens, Corinth, Thessaloniki and Patras soon recovered their prosperity.

Q1: Who was the final king of the Attalid dynasty?
A1: Attalus III
Q2: When did Attalus III die?
A2: 133 BC
Q3: Who willed Pergamum to the Roman Republic?
A3: Attalus III
Q4: In what year was the final Greek resistance?
A4: 88 BC
Q5: Who led the final Greek resistance?
A5: Mithridates of Pontus
Institute_of_technology (Engineering and technology)

The Auckland University of Technology is the only polytechnic to have been elevated to university status; while Unitec has had repeated attempts blocked by government policy and consequent decisions; Unitec has not been able to convince the courts to overturn these decisions.

Q1: What's the only polytechnic school in New Zealand to be designated a university?
A1: Auckland University of Technology
Religion_in_ancient_Rome (History)

The Augustan settlement built upon a cultural shift in Roman society. In the middle Republican era, even Scipio's tentative hints that he might be Jupiter's special protege sat ill with his colleagues. Politicians of the later Republic were less equivocal; both Sulla and Pompey claimed special relationships with Venus. Julius Caesar went further, and claimed her as his ancestress. Such claims suggested personal character and policy as divinely inspired; an appointment to priesthood offered divine validation. In 63 BC, Julius Caesar's appointment as pontifex maximus "signaled his emergence as a major player in Roman politics". Likewise, political candidates could sponsor temples, priesthoods and the immensely popular, spectacular public ludi and munera whose provision became increasingly indispensable to the factional politics of the Late Republic. Under the principate, such opportunities were limited by law; priestly and political power were consolidated in the person of the princeps ("first citizen").

Q1: What appointment was the start of Cesar's political rise?
A1: pontifex maximus
Q2: What did the Augustan settlement signify in Rome's classes?
A2: cultural shift
Q3: What did the claims of officials imply about the nature of the individuals?
A3: divinely inspired
Q4: In what year was Cesar made pontifex maximus?
A4: 63 BC
Q5: How were opportunities limited in the principate for the citizens of Rome?
A5: by law
Norfolk_Island (Geography and places)

The Australian government controls the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and revenue from it extending 200 nautical miles (370 km) around Norfolk Island (roughly 428,000km2) and territorial sea claims to three nautical miles (6 km) from the island. There is a strong belief on the island that some of the revenue generated from Norfolk's EEZ should be available to providing services such as health and infrastructure on the island, which the island has been responsible for, similar to how the Northern Territory is able to access revenue from their mineral resources. The exclusive economic zone provides the islanders with fish, its only major natural resource. Norfolk Island has no direct control over any marine areas but has an agreement with the Commonwealth through the Australian Fisheries Management Authority (AFMA) to fish "recreationally" in a small section of the EEZ known locally as "the Box". While there is speculation that the zone may include oil and gas deposits, this is not proven. There are no major arable lands or permanent farmlands, though about 25 per cent of the island is a permanent pasture. There is no irrigated land. The island uses the Australian dollar as its currency.

Q1: What services do Norfolk Island residents believe should be made available from the Norfolk Island's EEZ profit?
A1: health and infrastructure
Q2: What is Norfolk Island's only major natural resource?
A2: fish
Q3: What is the name of the area residents of Norfolk Island are permitted to fish recreationally?
A3: the Box
Q4: What is speculated to be available in Norfolk Island's EEZ zone?
A4: oil and gas deposits
Q5: What percentage of Norfolk Island is a permanent pasture?
A5: 25
Printed_circuit_board (Engineering and technology)

The Austrian engineer Paul Eisler invented the printed circuit as part of a radio set while working in England around 1936. Around 1943 the USA began to use the technology on a large scale to make proximity fuses for use in World War II. After the war, in 1948, the USA released the invention for commercial use. Printed circuits did not become commonplace in consumer electronics until the mid-1950s, after the Auto-Sembly process was developed by the United States Army. At around the same time in Britain work along similar lines was carried out by Geoffrey Dummer, then at the RRDE.

Q1: What was Paul Eisler making when he came up with the printed circuit?
A1: a radio set
Q2: What event prompted the United States to adopt the printed circuit to make proximity fuses?
A2: World War II
Q3: When was the printed circuit released for commercial use in the U.S.?
A3: 1948
Q4: Who was working on the same type of large-scale application of printed circuits as the U.S. in Britain in the mid-1950s?
A4: Geoffrey Dummer
Q5: What process was created by the U.S. Army that led to innovation in consumer electronics?
A5: Auto-Sembly
War_on_Terror (History)

The Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists or "AUMF" was made law on 14 September 2001, to authorize the use of United States Armed Forces against those responsible for the attacks on 11 September 2001. It authorized the President to use all necessary and appropriate force against those nations, organizations, or persons he determines planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on 11 September 2001, or harbored such organizations or persons, in order to prevent any future acts of international terrorism against the United States by such nations, organizations or persons. Congress declares this is intended to constitute specific statutory authorization within the meaning of section 5(b) of the War Powers Resolution of 1973.

Q1: What law was signed on Sep 14, 2001?
A1: Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists
Q2: Who did the AUMF authorize the US military attacking?
A2: those responsible for the attacks on 11 September 2001
Q3: What law did Congress refer to as a basic for the AUMF?
A3: section 5(b) of the War Powers Resolution
Q4: When was the War Powers Resolution passed?
A4: 1973