LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
University_of_Notre_Dame (Geography and places)

In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.

Q1: In 1919 a new president of Notre Dame was named, who was it?
A1: Father James Burns
Q2: Over how many years did the change to national standards undertaken at Notre Dame in the early 20th century take place?
A2: three years
Q3: What type of education was pushed at Notre Dame before its embracing of national standards?
A3: scholastic and classical
Q4: Those who attended a Jesuit college may have been forbidden from joining which Law School due to the curricula at the Jesuit institution?
A4: Harvard Law School
Q5: Which college did Notre Dame add in 1921?
A5: College of Commerce
Plymouth (History)

In 1919 Nancy Astor was elected the first ever female member of parliament to take office in the British Houses of Parliament for the constituency of Plymouth Sutton. Taking over office from her husband Waldorf Astor, Lady Astor was a vibrantly active campaigner for her resident constituents . Plymouth was granted city status on 18 October 1928. The city's first Lord Mayor was appointed in 1935 and its boundaries further expanded in 1967 to include the town of Plympton and the parish of Plymstock.

Q1: Who was the first woman MP to take her seat in the British Parliament?
A1: Nancy Astor
Q2: For what constituency was Nancy Astor elected?
A2: Plymouth Sutton
Q3: On what date did Plymouth become a city?
A3: 18 October 1928
Q4: In what year did Plymouth receive its first Lord Mayor?
A4: 1935
Q5: What parish was incorporated into Plymouth in 1967?
A5: Plymstock
Strasbourg (Geography and places)

In 1919, following the Treaty of Versailles, the city was restituted to France in accordance with U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's "Fourteen Points" without a referendum. The date of the assignment was retroactively established on Armistice Day. It is doubtful whether a referendum in Strasbourg would have ended in France's favour since the political parties striving for an autonomous Alsace or a connection to France accounted only for a small proportion of votes in the last Reichstag as well as in the local elections. The Alsatian autonomists who were pro French had won many votes in the more rural parts of the region and other towns since the annexation of the region by Germany in 1871. The movement started with the first election for the Reichstag; those elected were called "les députés protestataires", and until the fall of Bismarck in 1890, they were the only deputies elected by the Alsatians to the German parliament demanding the return of those territories to France. At the last Reichstag election in Strasbourg and its periphery, the clear winners were the Social Democrats; the city was the administrative capital of the region, was inhabited by many Germans appointed by the central government in Berlin and its flourishing economy attracted many Germans. This could explain the difference between the rural vote and the one in Strasbourg. After the war, many Germans left Strasbourg and went back to Germany; some of them were denounced by the locals or expelled by the newly appointed authorities. The Saverne Affair was vivid in the memory among the Alsatians.

Q1: What year was it restituted to France?  
A1: 1919
Q2: What autonomists were pro French?
A2: Alsatian
Q3: In what year did Bismarck fall?
A3: 1890
Q4: Who won the last election at Reichstag?
A4: Social Democrats
Q5: Who had vivid memories of the Saverne Affair?
A5: Alsatians
British_Empire (History)

In 1919, the frustrations caused by delays to Irish home rule led members of Sinn Féin, a pro-independence party that had won a majority of the Irish seats at Westminster in the 1918 British general election, to establish an Irish assembly in Dublin, at which Irish independence was declared. The Irish Republican Army simultaneously began a guerrilla war against the British administration. The Anglo-Irish War ended in 1921 with a stalemate and the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, creating the Irish Free State, a Dominion within the British Empire, with effective internal independence but still constitutionally linked with the British Crown. Northern Ireland, consisting of six of the 32 Irish counties which had been established as a devolved region under the 1920 Government of Ireland Act, immediately exercised its option under the treaty to retain its existing status within the United Kingdom.

Q1: When did Ireland establish their own assembly?
A1: 1919
Q2: What political party established Ireland's assembly?
A2: Sinn Féin
Q3: When did the Anglo-Irish War end?
A3: 1921
Q4: What treaty was signed after the Anglo-Irish War?
A4: Anglo-Irish Treaty
Q5: How many counties of Ireland are in Northern Ireland?
A5: six
Central_African_Republic (Geography and places)

In 1920 French Equatorial Africa was established and Ubangi-Shari was administered from Brazzaville. During the 1920s and 1930s the French introduced a policy of mandatory cotton cultivation, a network of roads was built, attempts were made to combat sleeping sickness and Protestant missions were established to spread Christianity. New forms of forced labor were also introduced and a large number of Ubangians were sent to work on the Congo-Ocean Railway. Many of these forced laborers died of exhaustion, illness, or the poor conditions which claimed between 20% and 25% of the 127,000 workers.

Q1: When was Equatorial Africa established?
A1: 1920
Q2: Where was Equatorial African ran from?
A2: Brazzaville
Q3: What plant was mandated to be grown by the French?
A3: cotton
Q4: What important infrastructure was built in the 1920s.
A4: a network of roads
Q5: What religion was spread through CAR?
A5: Christianity
Armenia (History)

In 1920, Turkish nationalist forces invaded the fledgling Armenian republic from the east. Turkish forces under the command of Kazım Karabekir captured Armenian territories that Russia had annexed in the aftermath of the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War and occupied the old city of Alexandropol (present-day Gyumri). The violent conflict finally concluded with the Treaty of Alexandropol on 2 December 1920. The treaty forced Armenia to disarm most of its military forces, cede all former Ottoman territory granted to it by the Treaty of Sèvres, and to give up all the "Wilsonian Armenia" granted to it at the Sèvres treaty. Simultaneously, the Soviet Eleventh Army, under the command of Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze, invaded Armenia at Karavansarai (present-day Ijevan) on 29 November. By 4 December, Ordzhonikidze's forces entered Yerevan and the short-lived Armenian republic collapsed.

Q1: When was the Treaty of Alexandropol sanctioned?
A1: 2 December 1920
Q2: What city did current day Gyumri used to be called?
A2: Alexandropol
Q3: Who led the Soviet Eleventh Army?
A3: Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze
Q4: When did the Armenian republic breakdown?
A4: 4 December
Q5: What year did Turkish nationalists seize the Armenian Republic?
A5: 1920
Eritrea (Natural sciences)

In 1922, Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy brought profound changes to the colonial government in Italian Eritrea. After il Duce declared the birth of the Italian Empire in May 1936, Italian Eritrea (enlarged with northern Ethiopia's regions) and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia in the new Italian East Africa (Africa Orientale Italiana) administrative territory. This Fascist period was characterized by imperial expansion in the name of a "new Roman Empire". Eritrea was chosen by the Italian government to be the industrial center of Italian East Africa.

Q1: Whose rise to power in 1922 brought profounc change to the government in Italian Eritrea?
A1: Benito Mussolini's
Q2: When was Italian Eritrea significantly enlarged?
A2: After il Duce declared the birth of the Italian Empire
Q3: When was the birth of the Italian Empire declared?
A3: May 1936
Q4: What was Eritrea chosen to be by the Italian government during the Italian Empire?
A4: industrial center of Italian East Africa
Q5: What does Africa Orientale Italiana mean?
A5: Italian East Africa
British_Empire (History)

In 1922, Egypt, which had been declared a British protectorate at the outbreak of the First World War, was granted formal independence, though it continued to be a British client state until 1954. British troops remained stationed in Egypt until the signing of the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty in 1936, under which it was agreed that the troops would withdraw but continue to occupy and defend the Suez Canal zone. In return, Egypt was assisted to join the League of Nations. Iraq, a British mandate since 1920, also gained membership of the League in its own right after achieving independence from Britain in 1932. In Palestine, Britain was presented with the problem of mediating between the Arab and Jewish communities. The 1917 Balfour Declaration, which had been incorporated into the terms of the mandate, stated that a national home for the Jewish people would be established in Palestine, and Jewish immigration allowed up to a limit that would be determined by the mandatory power. This led to increasing conflict with the Arab population, who openly revolted in 1936. As the threat of war with Germany increased during the 1930s, Britain judged the support of the Arab population in the Middle East as more important than the establishment of a Jewish homeland, and shifted to a pro-Arab stance, limiting Jewish immigration and in turn triggering a Jewish insurgency.

Q1: When did Egypt regain formal independence from Britain?
A1: 1922
Q2: When did Egypt stop being a British client state?
A2: 1954
Q3: What treaty was signed in 1936?
A3: Anglo-Egyptian Treaty
Q4: When did Iraq gain independence from Britain?
A4: 1932
Q5: Britain became more pro-Arab in the 1930s at the expense of which race?
A5: Jewish
The_Times (History)

In 1922, John Jacob Astor, son of the 1st Viscount Astor, bought The Times from the Northcliffe estate. The paper gained a measure of notoriety in the 1930s with its advocacy of German appeasement; then-editor Geoffrey Dawson was closely allied with those in the government who practised appeasement, most notably Neville Chamberlain.

Q1: In 1922, who bought The Times?
A1: John Jacob Astor
Q2: In 1922, which estate sold The Times?
A2: Northcliffe estate
Q3: The Times gained much notoriety in the 1930s because of its advocacy of what?
A3: German appeasement
Q4: Which The Times editor was closely allied with the government who practised German appeasement?
A4: Geoffrey Dawson
Q5: Which notable government official did The Times ally with in the 1930s whom practised German appeasement?
A5: Neville Chamberlain
FC_Barcelona (Sports and recreation)

In 1922, the number of supporters had surpassed 20,000 and by lending money to the club, Barça was able to build the larger Camp de Les Corts, which had an initial capacity of 20,000 spectators. After the Spanish Civil War the club started attracting more members and a larger number of spectators at matches. This led to several expansion projects: the grandstand in 1944, the southern stand in 1946, and finally the northern stand in 1950. After the last expansion, Les Corts could hold 60,000 spectators.

Q1: What was the number of team Barcelona supporters by 1922?
A1: 20,000
Q2: What did Barcelona build in 1922?
A2: Camp de Les Corts
Q3: How many people could Camp de Les Corts hold?
A3: 20,000
Q4: After several expansions how many people could the stadium hold?
A4: 60,000
Q5: When was the last expansion of Les Corts?
A5: 1950
Tajikistan (Geography and places)

In 1924, the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created as a part of Uzbekistan, but in 1929 the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (Tajik SSR) was made a separate constituent republic, however the predominantly ethnic Tajik cities of Samarkand and Bukhara remained in the Uzbek SSR. Between 1927 and 1934, collectivization of agriculture and a rapid expansion of cotton production took place, especially in the southern region. Soviet collectivization policy brought violence against peasants and forced resettlement occurred throughout Tajikistan. Consequently, some peasants fought collectivization and revived the Basmachi movement. Some small scale industrial development also occurred during this time along with the expansion of irrigation infrastructure.

Q1: In 1924, what was created as part of Uzbekistan?
A1: Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Q2: What happeded between 1927-1934?
A2: collectivization of agriculture and a rapid expansion of cotton production took place
Q3: Where was the expansion of cotton and agriculture mainly?
A3: in the southern region
Q4: What forced resettlement throughout Tajikistan?
A4: Soviet collectivization policy brought violence against peasants and forced resettlement
Anti-aircraft_warfare (Warfare)

In 1925 the British adopted a new instrument developed by Vickers. It was a mechanical analogue computer Predictor AA No 1. Given the target height its operators tracked the target and the predictor produced bearing, quadrant elevation and fuse setting. These were passed electrically to the guns where they were displayed on repeater dials to the layers who 'matched pointers' (target data and the gun's actual data) to lay the guns. This system of repeater electrical dials built on the arrangements introduced by British coast artillery in the 1880s, and coast artillery was the background of many AA officers. Similar systems were adopted in other countries and for example the later Sperry device, designated M3A3 in the US was also used by Britain as the Predictor AA No 2. Height finders were also increasing in size, in Britain, the World War I Barr & Stroud UB 2 (7 feet optical base) was replaced by the UB 7 (9 feet optical base) and the UB 10 (18 feet optical base, only used on static AA sites). Goertz in Germany and Levallois in France produced 5 metre instruments. However, in most countries the main effort in HAA guns until the mid-1930s was improving existing ones, although various new designs were on drawing boards.

Q1: What year did the British adopt the new Vickers instrument?
A1: 1925
Q2: What was the Vickers device adopted by the British named?
A2: Predictor AA No 1
Q3: What was the designation name of the Sperry device in the US?
A3: M3A3
Q4: What did the British designate the Sperry device as?
A4: Predictor AA No 2
Q5: What replaced the UB 2?
A5: UB 7
Gramophone_record (Music)

In 1925, 78.26 rpm was chosen as the standard because of the introduction of the electrically powered synchronous turntable motor. This motor ran at 3600 rpm, such that a 46:1 gear ratio would produce 78.26 rpm. In parts of the world that used 50 Hz current, the standard was 77.92 rpm (3,000 rpm with a 77:2 ratio), which was also the speed at which a strobe disc with 77 lines would "stand still" in 50 Hz light (92 lines for 60 Hz). After World War II these records were retroactively known as 78s, to distinguish them from other newer disc record formats. Earlier they were just called records, or when there was a need to distinguish them from cylinders, disc records.

Q1: What gear ration creates 78.26 rpm?
A1: 46:1
Q2: In what year was 78.26 rpm chosen as standard?
A2: 1925
Q3: How many rpm did the electrically powered synchronous turanable motor run at?
A3: 3600 rpm
Q4: Why are these records known as '78s'?
A4: to distinguish them from other newer disc record formats
Gramophone_record (Music)

In 1926 Joseph P. Maxwell and Henry C. Harrison from Bell Telephone Laboratories disclosed that the recording pattern of the Western Electric "rubber line" magnetic disc cutter had a constant velocity characteristic. This meant that as frequency increased in the treble, recording amplitude decreased. Conversely, in the bass as frequency decreased, recording amplitude increased. Therefore, it was necessary to attenuate the bass frequencies below about 250 Hz, the bass turnover point, in the amplified microphone signal fed to the recording head. Otherwise, bass modulation became excessive and overcutting took place into the next record groove. When played back electrically with a magnetic pickup having a smooth response in the bass region, a complementary boost in amplitude at the bass turnover point was necessary. G. H. Miller in 1934 reported that when complementary boost at the turnover point was used in radio broadcasts of records, the reproduction was more realistic and many of the musical instruments stood out in their true form.

Q1: Whom found that they can make musical instruments sound more natural with an amplifier boost at the turnover point?
A1: G. H. Miller
Q2: What is found when a complementary boost is used at the bass turnover point?
A2: reproduction was more realistic
Q3: When frequency in the treble increases what happens to the recording amplitude?
A3: recording amplitude decreased
Q4: What happens when frequency decreases in the bass?
A4: recording amplitude increased
Universal_Studios (Media and drama)

In 1926, Universal opened a production unit in Germany, Deutsche Universal-Film AG, under the direction of Joe Pasternak. This unit produced three to four films per year until 1936, migrating to Hungary and then Austria in the face of Hitler's increasing domination of central Europe. With the advent of sound, these productions were made in the German language or, occasionally, Hungarian or Polish. In the U.S., Universal Pictures did not distribute any of this subsidiary's films, but at least some of them were exhibited through other, independent, foreign-language film distributors based in New York, without benefit of English subtitles. Nazi persecution and a change in ownership for the parent Universal Pictures organization resulted in the dissolution of this subsidiary.

Q1: What was the name of Universal's German production unit?
A1: Deutsche Universal-Film AG
Q2: Who ran Universal's German production unit?
A2: Joe Pasternak
Q3: In what year did Deutsche Universal-Film AG open?
A3: 1926
Q4: How many films did Universal's German subsidiary make yearly?
A4: three to four
Q5: Along with Germany and Austria, where was Deutsche Universal-Film AG at one time based?
A5: Hungary
Nanjing (Geography and places)

In 1927, the Kuomintang (KMT; Nationalist Party) under Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek again established Nanjing as the capital of the Republic of China, and this became internationally recognized once KMT forces took Beijing in 1928. The following decade is known as the Nanking decade.

Q1: When was Nanjing re-established as the capital of the Republic of China?
A1: 1927
Q2: What party established Nanjing as the capital of the Republic of China?
A2: the Kuomintang (KMT; Nationalist Party)
Q3: Who was the leader of the Kuomintang (KMT; Nationalist Party)?
A3: Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek
Q4: What are the 1930's known as, in China?
A4: the Nanking decade
Q5: When did the Kuomintang (KMT; Nationalist Party) defeat and take over Beijing?
A5: 1928
Universal_Studios (Media and drama)

In 1928, Laemmle, Sr. made his son, Carl, Jr. head of Universal Pictures as a 21st birthday present. Universal already had a reputation for nepotism—at one time, 70 of Carl, Sr.'s relatives were supposedly on the payroll. Many of them were nephews, resulting in Carl, Sr. being known around the studios as "Uncle Carl." Ogden Nash famously quipped in rhyme, "Uncle Carl Laemmle/Has a very large faemmle." Among these relatives was future Academy Award winning director/producer William Wyler.

Q1: How many of Carl Laemmle, Sr.'s relatives were working for Universal as of 1928?
A1: 70
Q2: What was Carl Laemmle, Sr.'s nickname at Universal?
A2: Uncle Carl
Q3: What poet wrote a notable rhyme about Laemmle?
A3: Ogden Nash
Q4: At what age did Carl Laemmle, Jr. become president of Universal?
A4: 21
Q5: What Academy Award-winning director was a relative of Carl Laemmle's?
A5: William Wyler
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser (History)

In 1928, Nasser went to Alexandria to live with his maternal grandfather and attend the city's Attarin elementary school. He left in 1929 for a private boarding school in Helwan, and later returned to Alexandria to enter the Ras el-Tin secondary school and to join his father, who was working for the city's postal service. It was in Alexandria that Nasser became involved in political activism. After witnessing clashes between protesters and police in Manshia Square, he joined the demonstration without being aware of its purpose. The protest, organized by the ultranationalist Young Egypt Society, called for the end of colonialism in Egypt in the wake of the 1923 Egyptian constitution's annulment by Prime Minister Isma'il Sidqi. Nasser was arrested and detained for a night before his father bailed him out.

Q1: What elementary school did Nasser attend?
A1: Attarin
Q2: Where did Nasser go to boarding school?
A2: Helwan
Q3: What secondary school did Nasser attend?
A3: Ras el-Tin
Q4: Where did young Nasser witness demonstrations?
A4: Manshia Square
Q5: What organization organized the protests Nasser witnessed?
A5: Young Egypt Society
Karl_Popper (Natural sciences)

In 1928, he earned a doctorate in psychology, under the supervision of Karl Bühler. His dissertation was entitled "Die Methodenfrage der Denkpsychologie" (The question of method in cognitive psychology). In 1929, he obtained the authorisation to teach mathematics and physics in secondary school, which he started doing. He married his colleague Josefine Anna Henninger (1906–1985) in 1930. Fearing the rise of Nazism and the threat of the Anschluss, he started to use the evenings and the nights to write his first book Die beiden Grundprobleme der Erkenntnistheorie (The Two Fundamental Problems of the Theory of Knowledge). He needed to publish one to get some academic position in a country that was safe for people of Jewish descent. However, he ended up not publishing the two-volume work, but a condensed version of it with some new material, Logik der Forschung (The Logic of Scientific Discovery), in 1934. Here, he criticised psychologism, naturalism, inductionism, and logical positivism, and put forth his theory of potential falsifiability as the criterion demarcating science from non-science. In 1935 and 1936, he took unpaid leave to go to the United Kingdom for a study visit.

Q1: Who supervised Popper's doctorate?
A1: Karl Bühler
Q2: What is an English translation of the title of Popper's doctoral thesis?
A2: The question of method in cognitive psychology
Q3: What subjects was Popper authorized to teach in secondary school in 1929?
A3: mathematics and physics
Q4: Whose rise to power motivated Popper to publish his work in hopes of obtaining an academic position abroad?
A4: Nazism
Q5: In which work published in 1934 did Popper introduce his theories centered around falsifiability?
A5: The Logic of Scientific Discovery
Sony_Music_Entertainment (Music)

In 1929, ARC was founded through a merger of several smaller record companies, which, ultimately, transformed into one enterprise known as SME. In the depths of the Great Depression, the Columbia Phonograph Company (founded in 1888) in the U.S. (including its Okeh Records subsidiary) was acquired by ARC in 1934.

Q1: In what year did ARC form?
A1: 1929
Q2: In what year did Columbia Phonography Company form?
A2: 1888
Q3: In what year did ARC take over Columbia Phonography Company?
A3: 1934