LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Franco-Prussian_War (History)

During the fighting, the Communards killed c. 500 people, including the Archbishop of Paris, and burned down many government buildings, including the Tuileries Palace and the Hotel de Ville. Communards captured with weapons were routinely shot by the army and Government troops killed from 7,000–30,000 Communards in the fighting and in massacres of men, women, and children during and after the Commune. More recent histories, based on studies of the number buried in Paris cemeteries and in mass graves after the fall of the Commune, put the number killed at between 6,000 and 10,000. Twenty-six courts were established to try more than 40,000 people who had been arrested, which took until 1875 and imposed 95 death sentences, of which 23 were inflicted. Forced labour for life was imposed on 251 people, 1,160 people were transported to "a fortified place" and 3,417 people were transported. About 20,000 Communards were held in prison hulks until released in 1872 and a great many Communards fled abroad to England, Switzerland, Belgium or the United States. The survivors were amnestied by a bill introduced by Gambetta in 1880 and allowed to return.

Q1: How many were killed by the Communards?
A1: 500 people
Q2: Which religious official was also killed during the fighting?
A2: Archbishop of Paris
Q3: What type of buildings were especially targeted to be burned down?
A3: government buildings
Q4: What famous palace was also burned down?
A4: Tuileries Palace
Q5: What is the rough estimate of the number of people killed?
A5: between 6,000 and 10,000
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser (History)

During the first four days of the war, the general population of the Arab world believed Arab radio station fabrications of imminent Arab victory. On 9 June, Nasser appeared on television to inform Egypt's citizens of their country's defeat. He announced his resignation on television later that day, and ceded all presidential powers to his then-Vice President Zakaria Mohieddin, who had no prior information of this decision and refused to accept the post. Hundreds of thousands of sympathizers poured into the streets in mass demonstrations throughout Egypt and across the Arab world rejecting his resignation, chanting, "We are your soldiers, Gamal!" Nasser retracted his decision the next day.

Q1: What propaganda were Arab media broadcasting at the beginning of the war?
A1: imminent Arab victory
Q2: What day did Nasser announce Egypt's defeat?
A2: 9 June
Q3: What did Nasser do about his position as President?
A3: announced his resignation
Q4: Who rejected Nasser's offer to become the new president?
A4: Zakaria Mohieddin
Q5: What did Nasser do after mass demonstrations?
A5: retracted his decision
Gramophone_record (Music)

During the first half of the 1920s, engineers at Western Electric, as well as independent inventors such as Orlando Marsh, developed technology for capturing sound with a microphone, amplifying it with vacuum tubes, then using the amplified signal to drive an electromagnetic recording head. Western Electric's innovations resulted in a greatly expanded and more even frequency response, creating a dramatically fuller, clearer and more natural-sounding recording. Distant or less strong sounds that were impossible to record by the old methods could now be captured. Volume was now limited only by the groove spacing on the record and the limitations of the intended playback device. Victor and Columbia licensed the new electrical system from Western Electric and began issuing electrically recorded discs in 1925. The first classical recording was of Chopin impromptus and Schubert's Litanei by Alfred Cortot for Victor.

Q1: What was an early took used to amplify sounds?
A1: vacuum tubes
Q2: What company was vital in progression of quality sound recordings?
A2: Western Electric
Q3: How early were electrically recorded discs made available for purchase?
A3: 1925
Q4: What was new about the way Western Electrics method of capturing sound?
A4: microphone
Q5: How could the sounds produced by Western Electric be described?
A5: fuller, clearer and more natural
Renewable_energy_commercialization (Engineering and technology)

During the five-years from the end of 2004 through 2009, worldwide renewable energy capacity grew at rates of 10–60 percent annually for many technologies. In 2011, UN under-secretary general Achim Steiner said: "The continuing growth in this core segment of the green economy is not happening by chance. The combination of government target-setting, policy support and stimulus funds is underpinning the renewable industry's rise and bringing the much needed transformation of our global energy system within reach." He added: "Renewable energies are expanding both in terms of investment, projects and geographical spread. In doing so, they are making an increasing contribution to combating climate change, countering energy poverty and energy insecurity".

Q1: Who was the UN under-secretary in 2011?
A1: Achim Steiner
Q2: Between what years did worldwide renewable energy capacity grow at rates of 10 to 60 percent annually?
A2: 2004 through 2009
Q3: Who is Achim Steiner?
A3: UN under-secretary general
Post-punk (Music)

During the initial punk era, a variety of entrepreneurs interested in local punk-influenced music scenes began founding independent record labels, including Rough Trade (founded by record shop owner Geoff Travis) and Factory (founded by Manchester-based television personality Tony Wilson). By 1977, groups began pointedly pursuing methods of releasing music independently , an idea disseminated in particular by the Buzzcocks' release of their Spiral Scratch EP on their own label as well as the self-released 1977 singles of Desperate Bicycles. These DIY imperatives would help form the production and distribution infrastructure of post-punk and the indie music scene that later blossomed in the mid-1980s.

Q1: WHich independent music company was founded by Geoff Travis?
A1: Rough Trade
Q2: Who founded Factory?
A2: Tony Wilson
Q3: When did releasing music indepentently really hit popularity?
A3: 1977
Q4: Who released Spiral Scratch on their own label?
A4: Buzzcocks
Q5: When did the indoe music scene begin to grow?
A5: mid-1980s
Q6: What did many entrepreneurs interested in their local punk-influenced music scenes found?
A6: independent record labels
Q7: Who founded the record label Rough Trade?
A7: Geoff Travis
Q8: Where was Tony Wilson's Factory based?
A8: Manchester
Q9: When did some groups start looking for methods to release their music themselves?
A9: 1977
Q10: Whose label did the Buzzcocks release their Spiral Scratch EP on?
A10: their own
Biodiversity (Natural sciences)

During the last century, decreases in biodiversity have been increasingly observed. In 2007, German Federal Environment Minister Sigmar Gabriel cited estimates that up to 30% of all species will be extinct by 2050. Of these, about one eighth of known plant species are threatened with extinction. Estimates reach as high as 140,000 species per year (based on Species-area theory). This figure indicates unsustainable ecological practices, because few species emerge each year.[citation needed] Almost all scientists acknowledge that the rate of species loss is greater now than at any time in human history, with extinctions occurring at rates hundreds of times higher than background extinction rates. As of 2012, some studies suggest that 25% of all mammal species could be extinct in 20 years.

Q1: Who is the German Federal Environment Minister?
A1: Sigmar Gabriel
Q2: What year did Gabriel estimate 30% of of all species will be extinct by?
A2: 2050
Q3: How many plant species are close to extinction?
A3: about one eighth
Q4: 2012 studies estimated what percentage of mammals could be extinct in 20 years?
A4: 25%
Philadelphia (History)

During the last decade, Philadelphia experienced a large shift in its age profile. In 2000, the city's population pyramid had a largely stationary shape. In 2013, the city took on an expansive pyramid shape, with an increase in the three millennial age groups, 20 to 24, 25 to 29, and 30 to 34. The city's 25- to 29-year-old age group was the city's largest age cohort. According to the 2010 Census, 343,837 (22.5%) were under the age of 18; 203,697 (13.3%) from 18 to 25; 434,385 (28.5%) from 25 to 44; 358,778 (23.5%) from 45 to 64; and 185,309 (12.1%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.5 years. For every 100 females there were 89.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.7 males. The city had 22,018 births in 2013, down from a peak 23,689 births in 2008. Philadelphia's death rate was at its lowest in at least a half-century, 13,691 deaths in 2013. Another factor attributing to the population increase is Philadelphia's immigration rate. In 2013, 12.7 percent of residents were foreign-born, just shy of the national average, 13.1 percent.

Q1: What is the city's largest age group?
A1: 25- to 29-year-old
Q2: How many people at the last census were under 18?
A2: 343,837
Q3: How many baby's were there in 2013?
A3: 22,018
Q4: How many deaths were there in 2013?
A4: 13,691
Eritrea (Natural sciences)

During the last interglacial period, the Red Sea coast of Eritrea was occupied by early anatomically modern humans. It is believed that the area was on the route out of Africa that some scholars suggest was used by early humans to colonize the rest of the Old World. In 1999, the Eritrean Research Project Team composed of Eritrean, Canadian, American, Dutch and French scientists discovered a Paleolithic site with stone and obsidian tools dated to over 125,000 years old near the Bay of Zula south of Massawa, along the Red Sea littoral. The tools are believed to have been used by early humans to harvest marine resources like clams and oysters.

Q1: Who occupied the Red Sea coast during the last interglacial period?
A1: early anatomically modern humans
Q2: How old were the obsidian tools that were discovered by the Eritrean Research Project Team?
A2: over 125,000 years old
Q3: Where did the Research Project Team find the obsidian tools?
A3: near the Bay of Zula
Q4: What were the tools believed to have been used for by early humans?
A4: to harvest marine resources like clams and oysters
Q5: What Team was composed of Eritrean, Canadian, American, Dutch and French scientists?
A5: Eritrean Research Project Team
Anthropology (Social sciences and society)

During the last three decades of the 19th century a proliferation of anthropological societies and associations occurred, most independent, most publishing their own journals, and all international in membership and association. The major theorists belonged to these organizations. They supported the gradual osmosis of anthropology curricula into the major institutions of higher learning. By 1898 the American Association for the Advancement of Science was able to report that 48 educational institutions in 13 countries had some curriculum in anthropology. None of the 75 faculty members were under a department named anthropology.

Q1: What proliferated in the last three decades of the 19th century?
A1: anthropological societies
Q2: What did all the anthropological societies allow their membership to be?
A2: international
Q3: Who belonged to these proliferating organizations?
A3: The major theorists
Q4: How many educational institutions had some curriculum in anthropology by 1898?
A4: 48
Q5: How many countries were the institutions teaching anthropology located in?
A5: 13
Canadian_football (Sports and recreation)

During the last three minutes of a half, the penalty for failure to place the ball in play within the 20-second play clock, known as "time count" (this foul is known as "delay of game" in American football), is dramatically different from during the first 27 minutes. Instead of the penalty being 5 yards with the down repeated, the base penalty (except during convert attempts) becomes loss of down on first or second down, and 10 yards on third down with the down repeated. In addition, as noted previously, the referee can give possession to the defence for repeated deliberate time count violations on third down.

Q1: At which point in a game is the time the offence takes to put the ball in play measured?
A1: last three minutes of a half
Q2: How many seconds elapse before a time count penalty is assessed?
A2: 20
Q3: What is the penalty for a time count on the first two downs?
A3: loss of down
Q4: Who can turn the ball over to the other side if an offensive team incurs too many time count violations?
A4: referee
Q5: How many yards does the offense lose for a time count on third down?
A5: 10
British_Empire (History)

During the late 18th and early 19th centuries the British Crown began to assume an increasingly large role in the affairs of the Company. A series of Acts of Parliament were passed, including the Regulating Act of 1773, Pitt's India Act of 1784 and the Charter Act of 1813 which regulated the Company's affairs and established the sovereignty of the Crown over the territories that it had acquired. The Company's eventual end was precipitated by the Indian Rebellion, a conflict that had begun with the mutiny of sepoys, Indian troops under British officers and discipline. The rebellion took six months to suppress, with heavy loss of life on both sides. The following year the British government dissolved the Company and assumed direct control over India through the Government of India Act 1858, establishing the British Raj, where an appointed governor-general administered India and Queen Victoria was crowned the Empress of India. India became the empire's most valuable possession, "the Jewel in the Crown", and was the most important source of Britain's strength.

Q1: When did Britain pass the Regulating Act?
A1: 1773
Q2: When did Britain pass Pitt's India Act?
A2: 1784
Q3: When did Britain pass the Charter Act?
A3: 1813
Q4: The British East India Company was dissolved by which act?
A4: Government of India Act
Q5: Who was crowned the Empress of India?
A5: Queen Victoria
Dwight_D._Eisenhower (History)

During the late 1920s and early 1930s, Eisenhower's career in the post-war army stalled somewhat, as military priorities diminished; many of his friends resigned for high-paying business jobs. He was assigned to the American Battle Monuments Commission directed by General Pershing, and with the help of his brother Milton Eisenhower, then a journalist at the Agriculture Department, he produced a guide to American battlefields in Europe. He then was assigned to the Army War College and graduated in 1928. After a one-year assignment in France, Eisenhower served as executive officer to General George V. Mosely, Assistant Secretary of War, from 1929 to February 1933. Major Dwight D. Eisenhower graduated from the Army Industrial College (Washington, DC) in 1933 and later served on the faculty (it was later expanded to become the Industrial College of the Armed Services and is now known as the Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy).

Q1: Who was the head of the American Battle Monuments Commission during this period?
A1: Pershing
Q2: During the 1920s, for what federal department did Milton Eisenhower work?
A2: Agriculture
Q3: In what year did Eisenhower graduate from the Army War College?
A3: 1928
Q4: What was the office held by George Mosely?
A4: Assistant Secretary of War
Q5: What was Eisenhower's rank in 1933?
A5: Major
Richmond,_Virginia (Geography and places)

During the late 1980s and early 1990s, Richmond experienced a spike in overall crime, in particular, the city's murder rate. The city had 93 murders for the year of 1985, with a murder rate of 41.9 killings committed per 100,000 residents. Over the next decade, the city saw a major increase in total homicides. In 1990 there were 114 murders, for a murder rate of 56.1 killings per 100,000 residents. There were 120 murders in 1995, resulting in a murder rate of 59.1 killings per 100,000 residents, one of the highest in the United States.

Q1: What crime notably increased in Richmond over the course of the 1980s?
A1: murder
Q2: In 1985, how many people were murdered in Richmond?
A2: 93
Q3: How many people per 100,000 were murdered in Richmond in 1990?
A3: 56.1
Q4: How many murders occurred in Richmond in 1995?
A4: 120
Tajikistan (Geography and places)

During the late 19th Century the Jadidists established themselves as an Islamic social movement throughout the region. Although the Jadidists were pro-modernization and not necessarily anti-Russian the Russians viewed the movement as a threat.[citation needed] Russian troops were required to restore order during uprisings against the Khanate of Kokand between 1910 and 1913. Further violence occurred in July 1916 when demonstrators attacked Russian soldiers in Khujand over the threat of forced conscription during World War I. Despite Russian troops quickly bringing Khujand back under control, clashes continued throughout the year in various locations in Tajikistan.[citation needed]

Q1: What did the Jadidists establish themselves as in the late 19th century?
A1: an Islamic social movement throughout the region
Q2: Who were viewed as a threat by the Jadidists?
A2: Russians
Q3: When was the uprising against the Khanate of Kokand?
A3: between 1910 and 1913
Q4: Why did demonstrators attack Russian soldiers in Khujand?
A4: the threat of forced conscription during World War I
Cubism (Art and architecture)

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Europeans were discovering African, Polynesian, Micronesian and Native American art. Artists such as Paul Gauguin, Henri Matisse, and Pablo Picasso were intrigued and inspired by the stark power and simplicity of styles of those foreign cultures. Around 1906, Picasso met Matisse through Gertrude Stein, at a time when both artists had recently acquired an interest in primitivism, Iberian sculpture, African art and African tribal masks. They became friendly rivals and competed with each other throughout their careers, perhaps leading to Picasso entering a new period in his work by 1907, marked by the influence of Greek, Iberian and African art. Picasso's paintings of 1907 have been characterized as Protocubism, as notably seen in Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, the antecedent of Cubism.

Q1: Which artists in the early 19th and 20th century inspired by the newly discovered African, Native American, Micro and Polynesian art?
A1: Paul Gauguin, Henri Matisse, and Pablo Picasso
Q2: What about the Native cultures art inspired Matisse, Picasso, and Gauguin?
A2: stark power and simplicity
Q3: Who did Picasso meet around 1906 that had also recenelty learned about Primitivism? 
A3: Gertrude Stein,
Q4: What were Picasso's 1907 paintings usually characterized by? 
A4: Protocubism
Detroit (Geography and places)

During the late 19th century, several Gilded Age mansions reflecting the wealth of industry and shipping magnates were built east and west of the current downtown, along the major avenues of the Woodward plan. Most notable among them was the David Whitney House located at 4421 Woodward Avenue, which became a prime location for mansions. During this period some referred to Detroit as the Paris of the West for its architecture, grand avenues in the Paris style, and for Washington Boulevard, recently electrified by Thomas Edison. The city had grown steadily from the 1830s with the rise of shipping, shipbuilding, and manufacturing industries. Strategically located along the Great Lakes waterway, Detroit emerged as a major port and transportation hub.

Q1: What was a nickname for Detroit in the late 19th century?
A1: Paris of the West
Q2: On which waterway is Detroit located?
A2: Great Lakes
Q3: What is the most famous mansion in Detroit?
A3: David Whitney House
Q4: Which street became known for it's mansions?
A4: Woodward Avenue
Q5: Who electrified Detroit?
A5: Thomas Edison
Armenia (History)

During the late 6th century BC, the first geographical entity that was called Armenia by neighboring populations was established under the Orontid Dynasty within the Achaemenid Empire, as part of the latters' territories. The kingdom became fully sovereign from the sphere of influence of the Seleucid Empire in 190 BC under King Artaxias I and begun the rule of the Artaxiad dynasty. Armenia reached its height between 95 and 66 BC under Tigranes the Great, becoming the most powerful kingdom of its time east of the Roman Republic.

Q1: Under who did Areminia become fully sovereign?
A1: King Artaxias I
Q2: What Empire did the Orontid Dynasty belong to?
A2: Achaemenid Empire
Q3: When did Armenia reach it's peak?
A3: between 95 and 66 BC
Q4: Which ruler is responsible for Armenias prosperity?
A4: Tigranes the Great
Cyprus (Geography and places)

During the late Bronze Age the island experienced two waves of Greek settlement. The first wave consisted of Mycenaean Greek traders who started visiting Cyprus around 1400 BC. A major wave of Greek settlement is believed to have taken place following the Bronze Age collapse of Mycenaean Greece from 1100 to 1050 BC, with the island's predominantly Greek character dating from this period. Cyprus occupies an important role in Greek mythology being the birthplace of Aphrodite and Adonis, and home to King Cinyras, Teucer and Pygmalion. Beginning in the 8th century BC Phoenician colonies were founded on the south coast of Cyprus, near present-day Larnaca and Salamis.

Q1: During what Age did Cyprus experience two waves of Greek settlement?
A1: late Bronze Age
Q2: Who did the first wave of Greek settlement consist of?
A2: Mycenaean Greek traders
Q3: What year did Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus begin visiting Cyprus?
A3: 1400 BC
Q4: Cyprus is the birthplace of what two Greek mythological figures?
A4: Aphrodite and Adonis
Q5: Cyprus is home to which Greek mythological figures?
A5: King Cinyras, Teucer and Pygmalion
Cotton (Natural sciences)

During the late medieval period, cotton became known as an imported fiber in northern Europe, without any knowledge of how it was derived, other than that it was a plant. Because Herodotus had written in his Histories, Book III, 106, that in India trees grew in the wild producing wool, it was assumed that the plant was a tree, rather than a shrub. This aspect is retained in the name for cotton in several Germanic languages, such as German Baumwolle, which translates as "tree wool" (Baum means "tree"; Wolle means "wool"). Noting its similarities to wool, people in the region could only imagine that cotton must be produced by plant-borne sheep. John Mandeville, writing in 1350, stated as fact the now-preposterous belief: "There grew there [India] a wonderful tree which bore tiny lambs on the endes of its branches. These branches were so pliable that they bent down to allow the lambs to feed when they are hungrie  [sic]." (See Vegetable Lamb of Tartary.) By the end of the 16th century, cotton was cultivated throughout the warmer regions in Asia and the Americas.

Q1: In the late medieval period in Europe as what was cotton viewed?
A1: imported fiber
Q2: What ancient writer gave later eras the idea that cotton might be a tree?
A2: Herodotus
Q3: What 1350 writer stated that cotton was produced by sheep that grew on trees?
A3: John Mandeville
Q4: By the end of what century was cotton grown in the Americas and Asia?
A4: 16th century
Q5: Why was it easy for people to believe that cotton grew on sheep that grew in plants?
A5: similarities to wool