LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
YouTube (Engineering and technology)

YouTube is a global video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California, United States. The service was created by three former PayPal employees in February 2005. In November 2006, it was bought by Google for US$1.65 billion. YouTube now operates as one of Google's subsidiaries. The site allows users to upload, view, rate, share, and comment on videos, and it makes use of WebM, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, and Adobe Flash Video technology to display a wide variety of user-generated and corporate media video. Available content includes video clips, TV clips, music videos, movie trailers, and other content such as video blogging, short original videos, and educational videos.

Q1: Where is Youtube headquartered? 
A1: San Bruno, California, United States
Q2: When was Youtube created?
A2: February 2005
Q3: How much did Google pay for Youtube in 2006?
A3: US$1.65 billion
Q4: Other than video blogging and and educational videos, what content is available on youtube?
A4: short original videos
Q5: How does youtube now operate as a business?
A5: as one of Google's subsidiaries
YouTube (Engineering and technology)

YouTube offered the public a beta test of the site in May 2005. The first video to reach one million views was a Nike advertisement featuring Ronaldinho in September 2005. Following a $3.5 million investment from Sequoia Capital in November, the site launched officially on December 15, 2005, by which time the site was receiving 8 million views a day. The site grew rapidly, and in July 2006 the company announced that more than 65,000 new videos were being uploaded every day, and that the site was receiving 100 million video views per day. According to data published by market research company comScore, YouTube is the dominant provider of online video in the United States, with a market share of around 43% and more than 14 billion views of videos in May 2010.

Q1: when was the first beta test for the youtube site?
A1: May 2005
Q2: What was the first video to reach a million views?
A2: a Nike advertisement
Q3: How much did Sequoia Capital invest in youtube in November of 2005?
A3: $3.5 million
Q4: What was the official launch date for the youtube website?
A4: December 15, 2005
Q5: As of May 2010 how many total video views had youtube attained?
A5: 14 billion
YouTube (Engineering and technology)

YouTube offers users the ability to view its videos on web pages outside their website. Each YouTube video is accompanied by a piece of HTML that can be used to embed it on any page on the Web. This functionality is often used to embed YouTube videos in social networking pages and blogs. Users wishing to post a video discussing, inspired by or related to another user's video are able to make a "video response". On August 27, 2013, YouTube announced that it would remove video responses for being an underused feature. Embedding, rating, commenting and response posting can be disabled by the video owner.

Q1: Youtube offers users the option to watch content where?
A1: outside their website
Q2: What is used to embed a youtube video to a webpage?
A2: HTML
Q3: What is the most common use of embedded youtube videos?
A3: social networking pages and blogs
Q4: What is a video called when a person records themselves watching a different video?
A4: "video response"
Q5: When did youtube officially remove the response feature?
A5: On August 27, 2013
YouTube (Engineering and technology)

YouTube relies on its users to flag the content of videos as inappropriate, and a YouTube employee will view a flagged video to determine whether it violates the site's terms of service. In July 2008, the Culture and Media Committee of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom stated that it was "unimpressed" with YouTube's system for policing its videos, and argued that "proactive review of content should be standard practice for sites hosting user-generated content". YouTube responded by stating:

Q1: Youtube depends on who to flag inappropriate videos?
A1: users
Q2: Who checks the flagged videos for unauthorized content?
A2: a YouTube employee
Q3: The United Kingdom stated it was what with youtube's policies with moderating its content?
A3: unimpressed
Q4: When did the UK speak out against youtube's copyright policies?
A4: In July 2008
Q5: Who of the house of commons spoke out on youtube's policies?
A5: the Culture and Media Committee
Josip_Broz_Tito (History)

Yugoslavia had a liberal travel policy permitting foreigners to freely travel through the country and its citizens to travel worldwide, whereas it was limited by most Communist countries. A number[quantify] of Yugoslav citizens worked throughout Western Europe. Tito met many world leaders during his rule, such as Soviet rulers Joseph Stalin, Nikita Khrushchev and Leonid Brezhnev; Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser, Indian politicians Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi; British Prime Ministers Winston Churchill, James Callaghan and Margaret Thatcher; U.S. Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter; other political leaders, dignitaries and heads of state that Tito met at least once in his lifetime included Che Guevara, Fidel Castro, Yasser Arafat, Willy Brandt, Helmut Schmidt, Georges Pompidou, Queen Elizabeth II, Hua Guofeng, Kim Il Sung, Sukarno, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Suharto, Idi Amin, Haile Selassie, Kenneth Kaunda, Gaddafi, Erich Honecker, Nicolae Ceaușescu, János Kádár and Urho Kekkonen. He also met numerous celebrities.

Q1: Nasser was a leader of what country?
A1: Egypt
Q2: Nehru was a leader of what country?
A2: Indian
Q3: Gandhi was a leader of what country?
A3: Indian
Q4: Eisenhower was a president of what country?
A4: U.S.
Q5: Nixon was a president of what country?
A5: U.S.
Josip_Broz_Tito (History)

Yugoslavia organized the Yugoslav People's Army (Jugoslavenska narodna armija, or JNA) from the Partisan movement and became the fourth strongest army in Europe at the time. The State Security Administration (Uprava državne bezbednosti/sigurnosti/varnosti, UDBA) was also formed as the new secret police, along with a security agency, the Department of People's Security (Organ Zaštite Naroda (Armije), OZNA). Yugoslav intelligence was charged with imprisoning and bringing to trial large numbers of Nazi collaborators; controversially, this included Catholic clergymen due to the widespread involvement of Croatian Catholic clergy with the Ustaša regime. Draža Mihailović was found guilty of collaboration, high treason and war crimes and was subsequently executed by firing squad in July 1946.

Q1: What was formed as the new secret police?
A1: The State Security Administration
Q2: Who was charged with brining to trial large numbers of Nazi collaborators?
A2: Yugoslav intelligence
Q3: Who were controversial among those brought to trial for Nazi collaboration?
A3: Catholic clergymen
Q4: Who was found guilty of collaboration, high treason?
A4: Draža Mihailović
Q5: How was Draza executed?
A5: firing squad
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser (History)

Zakaria Mohieddin, who was Nasser's vice president, said that Nasser gradually changed during his reign. He ceased consulting his colleagues and made more and more of the decisions himself. Although Nasser repeatedly said that a war with Israel will start at a time of his, or Arab, choosing, on 1967 he started a bluffing game "but a successful bluff means your opponent must not know which cards you are holding. In this case Nasser's opponent could see his hand in the mirror and knew he was only holding a pair of deuces" and Nasser knew that his army is not prepared yet. "All of this was out of character...His tendencies in this regard may have been accentuated by diabetes... That was the only rational explanation for his actions in 1967".

Q1: Who was Nasser's vice president?
A1: Zakaria Mohieddin
Q2: What gambit did Nasser fail at in his bluster with Israel?
A2: bluffing
Q3: What did Nasser do over the years of his rule?
A3: gradually changed
Q4: What did Mohieddin attribute Nassir's mistakes in 1967 to?
A4: diabetes
Mexico_City (Geography and places)

Zapatist forces, which were based in neighboring Morelos had strengths in the southern edge of the Federal District, which included Xochimilco, Tlalpan, Tláhuac and Milpa Alta to fight against the regimes of Victoriano Huerta and Venustiano Carranza. After the assassination of Carranza and a short mandate by Adolfo de la Huerta, Álvaro Obregón took power. After willing to be re-elected, he was killed by José de León Toral, a devout Catholic, in a restaurant near La Bombilla Park in San Ángel in 1928. Plutarco Elias Calles replaced Obregón and culminated the Mexican Revolution.

Q1: Who was the leader at the end of the Mexican Revolution?
A1: Plutarco Elias Calles
Q2: Where was Alvaro Obregon killed? 
A2: in a restaurant near La Bombilla Park in San Ángel
Q3: When was Alvaro Obregon killed? 
A3: 1928
Q4: Where were the Zapatist forces from?
A4: Morelos
Q5: Who was the third to last leader before the end of the Mexican Revolution?
A5: Adolfo de la Huerta
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

Zen Buddhism (禅), pronounced Chán in Chinese, seon in Korean or zen in Japanese (derived from the Sanskrit term dhyāna, meaning "meditation") is a form of Buddhism that became popular in China, Korea and Japan and that lays special emphasis on meditation.[note 12] Zen places less emphasis on scriptures than some other forms of Buddhism and prefers to focus on direct spiritual breakthroughs to truth.

Q1: Zen Buddhism is known as what in Korea?
A1: seon
Q2: What form of buddhism lays special emphasis on meditation?
A2: Zen
Q3: What form of Buddhism places less emphasis on scriptures?
A3: Zen
Q4: Zen focuses on what type of breakthroughs?
A4: spiritual
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

Zen Buddhism is divided into two main schools: Rinzai (臨済宗) and Sōtō (曹洞宗), the former greatly favouring the use in meditation on the koan (公案, a meditative riddle or puzzle) as a device for spiritual break-through, and the latter (while certainly employing koans) focusing more on shikantaza or "just sitting".[note 13]

Q1: Zen Buddhism is divided into how many main schools?
A1: two
Q2: Which schools of Zen likes the use of meditation on the koan for spiritual breakthroughs?
A2: Rinzai
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

Zen Buddhist teaching is often full of paradox, in order to loosen the grip of the ego and to facilitate the penetration into the realm of the True Self or Formless Self, which is equated with the Buddha himself.[note 14] According to Zen master Kosho Uchiyama, when thoughts and fixation on the little "I" are transcended, an Awakening to a universal, non-dual Self occurs: "When we let go of thoughts and wake up to the reality of life that is working beyond them, we discover the Self that is living universal non-dual life (before the separation into two) that pervades all living creatures and all existence." Thinking and thought must therefore not be allowed to confine and bind one.

Q1: What Buddhist teachings are often full of paradox?
A1: Zen
Q2: What type of self is equated with the Buddha?
A2: True Self
Q3: What is not allowed to confine and bind oneself?
A3: Thinking and thought
Qing_dynasty (History)

Zeng Guofan had no prior military experience. Being a classically educated official, he took his blueprint for the Xiang Army from the Ming general Qi Jiguang, who, because of the weakness of regular Ming troops, had decided to form his own "private" army to repel raiding Japanese pirates in the mid-16th century. Qi Jiguang's doctrine was based on Neo-Confucian ideas of binding troops' loyalty to their immediate superiors and also to the regions in which they were raised. Zeng Guofan's original intention for the Xiang Army was simply to eradicate the Taiping rebels. However, the success of the Yongying system led to its becoming a permanent regional force within the Qing military, which in the long run created problems for the beleaguered central government.

Q1: Who inspired Zeng Guofan in creating his army?
A1: Qi Jiguang
Q2: What did Qi Jiguang's private army do?
A2: repel raiding Japanese pirates
Q3: What was the original plan for the Xiang Army?
A3: eradicate the Taiping rebels
Zhejiang (Geography and places)

Zhejiang benefited less from central government investment than some other provinces due to its lack of natural resources, a location vulnerable to potential flooding from the sea, and an economic base at the national average. Zhejiang, however, has been an epicenter of capitalist development in China, and has led the nation in the development of a market economy and private enterprises. Northeast Zhejiang, as part of the Yangtze Delta, is flat, more developed, and industrial.

Q1: What type of resources does Zhejiang have a lack of?
A1: natural
Q2: What is Zhejiang's location vulnerable to from the sea?
A2: flooding
Q3: What type of development has Zhejiang been an epicenter of?
A3: capitalist
Q4: Which part of Zhejiang is part of the Yangtze Delta?
A4: Northeast Zhejiang
Q5: What type of geography is Northeast Zhejiang?
A5: flat
Zhejiang (Geography and places)

Zhejiang consists mostly of hills, which account for about 70% of its total area. Altitudes tend to be the highest to the south and west and the highest peak of the province, Huangmaojian Peak (1,929 meters or 6,329 feet), is located there. Other prominent mountains include Mounts Yandang, Tianmu, Tiantai, and Mogan, which reach altitudes of 700 to 1,500 meters (2,300 to 4,900 ft).

Q1: What does Zhejiang consist mostly of?
A1: hills
Q2: What percent of Zhejiang is hills?
A2: 70%
Q3: What is the highest peak of the province?
A3: Huangmaojian Peak
Q4: How high is Huangmaojian Peak in meters?
A4: 1,929
Q5: How high is Huangmaojian Peak in feet?
A5: 6,329
Zhejiang (Geography and places)

Zhejiang is mountainous and has therefore fostered the development of many distinct local cultures. Linguistically speaking, Zhejiang is extremely diverse. Most inhabitants of Zhejiang speak Wu, but the Wu dialects are very diverse, especially in the south, where one valley may speak a dialect completely unintelligible to the next valley a few kilometers away. Other varieties of Chinese are spoken as well, mostly along the borders; Mandarin and Huizhou dialects are spoken on the border with Anhui, while Min dialects are spoken on the border with Fujian. (See Hangzhou dialect, Shaoxing dialect, Ningbo dialect, Wenzhou dialect, Taizhou dialect, Jinhua dialect, and Quzhou dialect for more information).

Q1: How diverse is Zhejiang, linguistically speaking?
A1: extremely
Q2: What do most inhabitants of Zhejiang speak?
A2: Wu
Q3: Mandarin and Huizhou dialects are spoken on the border where?
A3: with Anhui
Q4: Min dialects are spoken on the border where?
A4: with Fujian
Q5: What type of geography is Zhejiang?
A5: mountainous
Zhejiang (Geography and places)

Zhejiang is the home of Yueju (越劇), one of the most prominent forms of Chinese opera. Yueju originated in Shengzhou and is traditionally performed by actresses only, in both male and female roles. Other important opera traditions include Yongju (of Ningbo), Shaoju (of Shaoxing), Ouju (of Wenzhou), Wuju (of Jinhua), Taizhou Luantan (of Taizhou) and Zhuji Luantan (of Zhuji).

Q1: What is one of the most prominent forms of Chinese opera?
A1: Yueju
Q2: Where did Yueju originate?
A2: Shengzhou
Q3: Who is Yueju traditionally performed by?
A3: actresses only
Q4: Who plays male roles in Yueju?
A4: actresses
Q5: Who plays female roles in Yueju?
A5: actresses
Zhejiang (Geography and places)

Zhejiang was part of the Wu during the Three Kingdoms. Wu (229–280), commonly known as Eastern Wu or Sun Wu, had been the economically most developed state among the Three Kingdoms (220–280 CE). The historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms records that Zhejiang had the best-equipped, strong navy force. The story depicts how the states of Wei (魏) and Shu (蜀), lack of material resources, avoided direct confrontation with the Wu. In armed military conflicts with Wu, the two states relied intensively on tactics of camouflage and deception to steal Wu's military resources including arrows and bows.

Q1: When was Zhejiang part of the Wu?
A1: during the Three Kingdoms
Q2: What is another name for Wu or Eastern Wu?
A2: Sun Wu
Q3: What was the most developed state among the Three Kingdoms?
A3: Wu
Q4: Which historical novel records that Zhejiang had the best-equipped, strong navy force?
A4: Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Q5: Along with Wei, which state avoided direct conflict with Wu?
A5: Shu
Zhejiang (Geography and places)

Zhejiang was the site of the Neolithic cultures of the Hemudu and Liangzhu. A 2007 analysis of the DNA recovered from human remains in the archeological sites of prehistoric peoples along the Yangtze River shows high frequencies of haplogroup O1 in the Liangzhu culture, linking them to Austronesian and Tai-Kadai peoples.

Q1: What kind of cultures were the Hemudu and Liangzhu?
A1: Neolithic
Q2: Where was the site of the Hemudu and LIangzhu cultures?
A2: Zhejiang
Q3: What year was there an analysis of the DNA recovered from human remains in Liangzhu culture?
A3: 2007
Q4: Which culture were the Austronesian and Tai-Kadai peoples linked to in the DNA analysis?
A4: Liangzhu
Q5: What haplogroup did a DNA analysis of the Liangzhu culture reveal?
A5: O1
Zhejiang (Geography and places)

Zhejiang's main manufacturing sectors are electromechanical industries, textiles, chemical industries, food, and construction materials. In recent years Zhejiang has followed its own development model, dubbed the "Zhejiang model", which is based on prioritizing and encouraging entrepreneurship, an emphasis on small businesses responsive to the whims of the market, large public investments into infrastructure, and the production of low-cost goods in bulk for both domestic consumption and export. As a result, Zhejiang has made itself one of the richest provinces, and the "Zhejiang spirit" has become something of a legend within China. However, some economists now worry that this model is not sustainable, in that it is inefficient and places unreasonable demands on raw materials and public utilities, and also a dead end, in that the myriad small businesses in Zhejiang producing cheap goods in bulk are unable to move to more sophisticated or technologically more advanced industries. The economic heart of Zhejiang is moving from North Zhejiang, centered on Hangzhou, southeastward to the region centered on Wenzhou and Taizhou. The per capita disposable income of urbanites in Zhejiang reached 24,611 yuan (US$3,603) in 2009, an annual real growth of 8.3%. The per capita pure income of rural residents stood at 10,007 yuan (US$1,465), a real growth of 8.1% year-on-year. Zhejiang's nominal GDP for 2011 was 3.20 trillion yuan (US$506 billion) with a per capita GDP of 44,335 yuan (US$6,490). In 2009, Zhejiang's primary, secondary, and tertiary industries were worth 116.2 billion yuan (US$17 billion), 1.1843 trillion yuan (US$173.4 billion), and 982.7 billion yuan (US$143.9 billion) respectively.

Q1: What is Zhejiang's own development model dubbed?
A1: Zhejiang model
Q2: What is the Zhejiang model based on prioritizing and encouraging?
A2: entrepreneurship
Q3: What direction is the economic heart of Zhejiang moving toward?
A3: southeast
Q4: What was the annual real growth of urbanites in Zhejiang in 2009?
A4: 8.3%
Q5: What was Zhejiang's nominal GDP in yuan for 2011?
A5: 3.20 trillion
Zhejiang (Geography and places)

Zhejiang, as the heartland of the Jiangnan (Yangtze River Delta), remained the wealthiest area during the Six Dynasties (220 or 222–589), Sui, and Tang. After being incorporated into the Sui dynasty, its economic richness was used for the Sui dynasty's ambitions to expand north and south, particularly into Korea and Vietnam. The plan led the Sui dynasty to restore and expand the network which became the Grand Canal of China. The Canal regularly transported grains and resources from Zhejiang, through its metropolitan center Hangzhou (and its hinterland along both the Zhe River and the shores of Hangzhou Bay), and from Suzhou, and thence to the North China Plain. The débâcle of the Korean war led to Sui's overthrow by the Tang, who then presided over a centuries-long golden age for the country. Zhejiang was an important economic center of the empire's Jiangnan East Circuit and was considered particularly prosperous. Throughout the Tang dynasty, The Grand Canal had remained effective, transporting grains and material resources to North China plain and metropolitan centers of the empire. As the Tang Dynasty disintegrated, Zhejiang constituted most of the territory of the regional kingdom of Wuyue.

Q1: When did the Six Dynasties end?
A1: 589
Q2: What was the wealthiest area during the Six Dynasties?
A2: Zhejiang
Q3: Which dynasty restored and expanded the network that became the Grand Canal of China?
A3: the Sui dynasty
Q4: What river was one of the Grand Canal of China's hinterlands?
A4: the Zhe River
Nanjing (Geography and places)

Zhu Yousong, however, fared a lot worse than his ancestor Zhu Yuanzhang three centuries earlier. Beset by factional conflicts, his regime could not offer effective resistance to Qing forces, when the Qing army, led by the Manchu prince Dodo approached Jiangnan the next spring. Days after Yangzhou fell to the Manchus in late May 1645, the Hongguang Emperor fled Nanjing, and the imperial Ming Palace was looted by local residents. On June 6, Dodo's troops approached Nanjing, and the commander of the city's garrison, Zhao the Earl of Xincheng, promptly surrendered the city to them. The Manchus soon ordered all male residents of the city to shave their heads in the Manchu queue way. They requisitioned a large section of the city for the bannermen's cantonment, and destroyed the former imperial Ming Palace, but otherwise the city was spared the mass murders and destruction that befell Yangzhou.

Q1: When did the Hongguang Emperor leave Nanjing, having been defeated?
A1: late May 1645
Q2: Who surrendered Nanjing to invaders on June 6?
A2: Zhao the Earl of Xincheng
Q3: What did the Manchu's make all the men in the city do?
A3: shave their heads
Sumer (History)

Ziggurats (Sumerian temples) each had an individual name and consisted of a forecourt, with a central pond for purification. The temple itself had a central nave with aisles along either side. Flanking the aisles would be rooms for the priests. At one end would stand the podium and a mudbrick table for animal and vegetable sacrifices. Granaries and storehouses were usually located near the temples. After a time the Sumerians began to place the temples on top of multi-layered square constructions built as a series of rising terraces, giving rise to the Ziggurat style.

Q1: What were Sumerian temples known as?
A1: Ziggurats
Q2: What was the central pond in the forecourt of a Ziggurat for?
A2: purification
Q3: Who were the rooms on either side of the aisles in the temple for?
A3: the priests
Q4: What was the mudbrick table in the temple for?
A4: animal and vegetable sacrifices
Q5: Where did the Sumerians usually locate their granaries and storehouses?
A5: near the temples
Zinc (Unknown)

Zinc chemistry is similar to the chemistry of the late first-row transition metals nickel and copper, though it has a filled d-shell, so its compounds are diamagnetic and mostly colorless. The ionic radii of zinc and magnesium happen to be nearly identical. Because of this some of their salts have the same crystal structure and in circumstances where ionic radius is a determining factor zinc and magnesium chemistries have much in common. Otherwise there is little similarity. Zinc tends to form bonds with a greater degree of covalency and it forms much more stable complexes with N- and S- donors. Complexes of zinc are mostly 4- or 6- coordinate although 5-coordinate complexes are known.

Q1: Because zinc has a filled d-shell, its compounds are usually what?
A1: diamagnetic and mostly colorless.
Q2: The ionic radii of what two elements are almost identical?
A2: zinc and magnesium
Q3: What is the determining factor where zinc and magnesium are very similar chemically?
A3: ionic radius
Q4: Whit what donors does zinc form stable complexes?
A4: N- and S-