LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
To_Kill_a_Mockingbird (Language and literature)

Lee has said that To Kill a Mockingbird is not an autobiography, but rather an example of how an author "should write about what he knows and write truthfully". Nevertheless, several people and events from Lee's childhood parallel those of the fictional Scout. Lee's father, Amasa Coleman Lee, was an attorney, similar to Atticus Finch, and in 1919, he defended two black men accused of murder. After they were convicted, hanged and mutilated, he never tried another criminal case. Lee's father was also the editor and publisher of the Monroeville newspaper. Although more of a proponent of racial segregation than Atticus, he gradually became more liberal in his later years. Though Scout's mother died when she was a baby, Lee was 25 when her mother, Frances Cunningham Finch, died. Lee's mother was prone to a nervous condition that rendered her mentally and emotionally absent. Lee had a brother named Edwin, who—like the fictional Jem—was four years older than his sister. As in the novel, a black housekeeper came daily to care for the Lee house and family.

Q1: Harper Lee has stated that To Kill a Mockingbird is not what genre of book?
A1: autobiography
Q2: What year did Harper Lee's father represent two black men accused of murder?
A2: 1919
Q3: At what age did Harper Lee's mother die?
A3: 25
Q4: What titles did Lee's father maintain at the local newspaper?
A4: editor and publisher
To_Kill_a_Mockingbird (Language and literature)

Lee modeled the character of Dill on her childhood friend, Truman Capote, known then as Truman Persons. Just as Dill lived next door to Scout during the summer, Capote lived next door to Lee with his aunts while his mother visited New York City. Like Dill, Capote had an impressive imagination and a gift for fascinating stories. Both Lee and Capote were atypical children: both loved to read. Lee was a scrappy tomboy who was quick to fight, but Capote was ridiculed for his advanced vocabulary and lisp. She and Capote made up and acted out stories they wrote on an old Underwood typewriter Lee's father gave them. They became good friends when both felt alienated from their peers; Capote called the two of them "apart people". In 1960, Capote and Lee traveled to Kansas together to investigate the multiple murders that were the basis for Capote's nonfiction novel In Cold Blood.

Q1: Where did Truman Capote live in relation to Lee?
A1: next door
Q2: What year did Lee and Capote go to Kansas together?
A2: 1960
Q3: Murders were the base for which story that Capote wrote?
A3: In Cold Blood
Q4: Who was the character Dill modeled after?
A4: Truman Capote
Q5: What did Lee and Capote write their childhood stories on?
A5: old Underwood typewriter
Q6: What term did Capote use to describe Lee and himself?
A6: apart people
To_Kill_a_Mockingbird (Language and literature)

Lee's childhood friend, author Truman Capote, wrote on the dust jacket of the first edition, "Someone rare has written this very fine first novel: a writer with the liveliest sense of life, and the warmest, most authentic sense of humor. A touching book; and so funny, so likeable." This comment has been construed to suggest that Capote wrote the book or edited it heavily. In 2003, a Tuscaloosa newspaper quoted Capote's biological father, Archulus Persons, as claiming that Capote had written "almost all" of the book. In 2006, a Capote letter was donated to Monroeville's literary heritage museum; in a letter to a neighbor in Monroeville in 1959, Capote mentioned that Lee was writing a book that was to be published soon. Extensive notes between Lee and her editor at Lippincott also refute the rumor of Capote's authorship. Lee's older sister, Alice, responded to the rumor, saying: "That's the biggest lie ever told."

Q1: Who was Truman Capote's father?
A1: Archulus Persons
Q2: Who was speculated to have wrote the book instead of Harper Lee?
A2: Truman Capote
Q3: What was the name of Harper Lee's sister?
A3: Alice
Q4: Who was rumored to have written the book instead of Lee?
A4: Truman Capote
Q5: Lee's notes to whom help disclaim this rumor?
A5: her editor
Ann_Arbor,_Michigan (History)

Left-wing politics have been particularly strong in municipal government since the 1960s. Voters approved charter amendments that have lessened the penalties for possession of marijuana (1974), and that aim to protect access to abortion in the city should it ever become illegal in the State of Michigan (1990). In 1974, Kathy Kozachenko's victory in an Ann Arbor city-council race made her the country's first openly homosexual candidate to win public office. In 1975, Ann Arbor became the first U.S. city to use instant-runoff voting for a mayoral race. Adopted through a ballot initiative sponsored by the local Human Rights Party, which feared a splintering of the liberal vote, the process was repealed in 1976 after use in only one election. As of August 2009, Democrats hold the mayorship and all council seats. The left tilt of politics in the city has earned it the nickname "The People's Republic of Ann Arbor". Nationally, Ann Arbor is located in Michigan's 12th congressional district, represented by Democrat Debbie Dingell.

Q1: Voters in the city approve which kind of amendment?
A1: charter
Q2: What kind of politics have been strong in the municipal government?
A2: Left-wing politics
Q3: Ann Arbor became the 1st city in the US to what type of voting in the Mayoral race?
A3: instant-runoff
Middle_Ages (History)

Legal studies advanced during the 12th century. Both secular law and canon law, or ecclesiastical law, were studied in the High Middle Ages. Secular law, or Roman law, was advanced greatly by the discovery of the Corpus Juris Civilis in the 11th century, and by 1100 Roman law was being taught at Bologna. This led to the recording and standardisation of legal codes throughout Western Europe. Canon law was also studied, and around 1140 a monk named Gratian (fl. 12th century), a teacher at Bologna, wrote what became the standard text of canon law—the Decretum.

Q1: What is another name for canon law?
A1: ecclesiastical law
Q2: What is another name for Roman law?
A2: Secular law
Q3: Where could one study Roman law in 1100?
A3: Bologna
Q4: In what century was the Corpus Juris Civilis rediscovered?
A4: 11th
Q5: Who wrote the Decretum?
A5: Gratian
Kathmandu (Geography and places)

Legendary Princess Bhrikuti (7th-century) and artist Araniko (1245 - 1306 AD) from that tradition of Kathmandu valley played a significant role in spreading Buddhism in Tibet and China. There are over 108 traditional monasteries (Bahals and Bahis) in Kathmandu based on Newar Buddhism. Since the 1960s, the permanent Tibetan Buddhist population of Kathmandu has risen significantly so that there are now over fifty Tibetan Buddhist monasteries in the area. Also, with the modernization of Newar Buddhism, various Theravada Bihars have been established.

Q1: In what century was Bhrikuti said to live?
A1: 7th
Q2: When did Araniko die?
A2: 1306
Q3: What religion did Araniko help to evangelize?
A3: Buddhism
Q4: How many Newar Buddhist monasteries are present in Kathmandu?
A4: 108
Q5: Approximately how many monasteries in the Kathmandu area are run by Tibetan Buddhists?
A5: fifty
Marshall_Islands (Geography and places)

Legislative power lies with the Nitijela. The upper house of Parliament, called the Council of Iroij, is an advisory body comprising twelve tribal chiefs. The executive branch consists of the President and the Presidential Cabinet, which consists of ten ministers appointed by the President with the approval of the Nitijela. The twenty-four electoral districts into which the country is divided correspond to the inhabited islands and atolls. There are currently four political parties in the Marshall Islands: Aelon̄ Kein Ad (AKA), United People's Party (UPP), Kien Eo Am (KEA) and United Democratic Party (UDP). Rule is shared by the AKA and the UDP. The following senators are in the legislative body:

Q1: What is the name of the upper house of the Marshall Islands Parliament?
A1: the Council of Iroij
Q2: Who comprises the upper house of the Marshall Islands Parliament?
A2: twelve tribal chiefs
Q3: How many ministers are in the Presidential Cabinet?
A3: ten
Q4: Along with the United Democratic Party, what party currently rules the Marshall Islands?
A4: the AKA
Q5: How many electoral districts exist in the Marshall Islands?
A5: twenty-four
Greece (Geography and places)

Legislative powers are exercised by a 300-member elective unicameral Parliament. Statutes passed by the Parliament are promulgated by the President of the Republic. Parliamentary elections are held every four years, but the President of the Republic is obliged to dissolve the Parliament earlier on the proposal of the Cabinet, in view of dealing with a national issue of exceptional importance. The President is also obliged to dissolve the Parliament earlier, if the opposition manages to pass a motion of no confidence.

Q1: How many members are in Greece's parliament? 
A1: 300
Q2: How often are elections help for parliament?
A2: every four years
Q3: Parliamentary statutes are put into effect by who? 
A3: President of the Republic
Copyright_infringement (Language and literature)

Legislatures have reduced infringement by narrowing the scope of what is considered infringing. Aside from upholding international copyright treaty obligations to provide general limitations and exceptions, nations have enacted compulsory licensing laws applying specifically to digital works and uses. For example, in the U.S., the DMCA, an implementation of the 1996 WIPO Copyright Treaty, considers digital transmissions of audio recordings to be licensed as long as a designated copyright collective's royalty and reporting requirements are met. The DMCA also provides safe harbor for digital service providers whose users are suspected of copyright infringement, thus reducing the likelihood that the providers themselves will be considered directly infringing.

Q1: How have governments lowered infringement rates?
A1: narrowing the scope of what is considered infringing
Q2: Besides upholding international treaty, what else have countries done specifically to digital works and uses?
A2: enacted compulsory licensing laws
Q3: What law in the US considers digital transmission of audio to be licensed if certain conditions are met?
A3: DMCA
Q4: What else does this law provide to service providers?
A4: safe harbor
Q5: Who does this law target?
A5: providers whose users are suspected of copyright infringement
Philosophy_of_space_and_time (Philosophy and religion)

Leibniz describes a space that exists only as a relation between objects, and which has no existence apart from the existence of those objects. Motion exists only as a relation between those objects. Newtonian space provided the absolute frame of reference within which objects can have motion. In Newton's system, the frame of reference exists independently of the objects contained within it. These objects can be described as moving in relation to space itself. For many centuries, the evidence of a concave water surface held authority.

Q1: Leibniz describes space as existing only as a relation between what?
A1: objects
Q2: According to Leibniz, what has no existence apart from the existence of objections?
A2: space
Q3: What provides the absolute frame of reference within which objects can have motion?
A3: Newtonian space
Q4: In Newton's system, how does the frame of reference exist between objects within it?
A4: independently
Q5: For how long did the evidence of a concave water surface hold authority in reference to space?
A5: many centuries
Samoa (Geography and places)

Lemi Ponifasio is a director and choreographer who is prominent internationally with his dance Company MAU. Neil Ieremia's company Black Grace has also received international acclaim with tours to Europe and New York. Hip hop has had a significant impact on Samoan culture. According to Katerina Martina Teaiwa, PhD from the University of Hawaii at Manoa, "Hip hop culture in particular is popular amongst Samoan youth." Like very many other countries, hip hop music is popular. In addition, the integration of hip hop elements into Samoan tradition also "testifies to the transferability of the dance forms themselves," and to the "circuits through which people and all their embodied knowledge travel." Dance both in its traditional form and its more modern forms has remained a central cultural currency to Samoans, especially youths.

Q1: What did Lemi Ponifasio name his dance company?
A1: MAU
Q2: What genre of music greatly influenced the culture in Samoa?
A2: Hip hop
Q3: What Samoan choreographer founded Black Grace?
A3: Neil Ieremia
Q4: What professor at the University in Hawaii at Manoa wrote about the relationships between hip hop, dance, and traditional Samoan culture?
A4: Katerina Martina Teaiwa
Q5: Among what age group in Samoa is hip hop and dance most popular?
A5: youths
Biodiversity (Natural sciences)

Less than 1% of all species that have been described have been studied beyond simply noting their existence. The vast majority of Earth's species are microbial. Contemporary biodiversity physics is "firmly fixated on the visible [macroscopic] world". For example, microbial life is metabolically and environmentally more diverse than multicellular life (see e.g., extremophile). "On the tree of life, based on analyses of small-subunit ribosomal RNA, visible life consists of barely noticeable twigs. The inverse relationship of size and population recurs higher on the evolutionary ladder—"to a first approximation, all multicellular species on Earth are insects". Insect extinction rates are high—supporting the Holocene extinction hypothesis. 

Q1: What type of science is firmly fixated on the visible world?
A1: Contemporary biodiversity physics
Q2: What type of life is more metabolically diverse than multicellular life?
A2: microbial life
Q3: What type of life is more enviromentally diverse than multicellular life?
A3: microbial life
Q4: What rate supports the Holocene extinction hypothesis?
A4: Insect extinction rates
Renewable_energy_commercialization (Engineering and technology)

Lester Brown has argued that "a world facing the prospect of economically disruptive climate change can no longer justify subsidies to expand the burning of coal and oil. Shifting these subsidies to the development of climate-benign energy sources such as wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal power is the key to stabilizing the earth's climate." The International Solar Energy Society advocates "leveling the playing field" by redressing the continuing inequities in public subsidies of energy technologies and R&D, in which the fossil fuel and nuclear power receive the largest share of financial support.

Q1: What group advocates leveling the playing field?
A1: International Solar Energy Society
Q2: How does the International Solar Energy Society propse to level the playing field?
A2: by redressing the continuing inequities in public subsidies of energy technologies and R&D
Q3: What is the key to stabilizing the earth's climate?
A3: development of climate-benign energy sources
Renewable_energy_commercialization (Engineering and technology)

Lester Brown states that the market "does not incorporate the indirect costs of providing goods or services into prices, it does not value nature's services adequately, and it does not respect the sustainable-yield thresholds of natural systems". It also favors the near term over the long term, thereby showing limited concern for future generations. Tax and subsidy shifting can help overcome these problems, though is also problematic to combine different international normative regimes regulating this issue.

Q1: Lester Brown states that the market does not incorporate what?
A1: the indirect costs of providing goods or services into prices
Q2: Who believes that the market does not value nature's service adequately?
A2: Lester Brown
Q3: What can help over come the problems with the market?
A3: Tax and subsidy shifting
Letter_case (Language and literature)

Letter case is often prescribed by the grammar of a language or by the conventions of a particular discipline. In orthography, the uppercase is primarily reserved for special purposes, such as the first letter of a sentence or of a proper noun, which makes the lowercase the more common variant in text. In mathematics, letter case may indicate the relationship between objects with uppercase letters often representing "superior" objects (e.g. X could be a set containing the generic member x). Engineering design drawings are typically labelled entirely in upper-case letters, which are easier to distinguish than lowercase, especially when space restrictions require that the lettering be small.

Q1: What is often prescribed by the grammar of a language or by conventions of a particular discipline?
A1: Letter case
Q2: Which kind of purpose is uppercase reserved for in orthography?
A2: special
Q3: Which is the most common variant of case in text?
A3: lowercase
Q4: Engineering design drawings typically utiilze which case of letter in labeling?
A4: upper-case
Q5: Why are uppercase letters preferred often times when space is restricted?
A5: easier to distinguish than lowercase
John,_King_of_England (History)

Letters of support from the pope arrived in April but by then the rebel barons had organised. They congregated at Northampton in May and renounced their feudal ties to John, appointing Robert fitz Walter as their military leader. This self-proclaimed "Army of God" marched on London, taking the capital as well as Lincoln and Exeter. John's efforts to appear moderate and conciliatory had been largely successful, but once the rebels held London they attracted a fresh wave of defectors from John's royalist faction. John instructed Langton to organise peace talks with the rebel barons.

Q1: Where did the rebel barons congregate?
A1: Northampton
Q2: Who was the rebel baron leader?
A2: Robert fitz Walter
Q3: What did John instruct Langton to do?
A3: organise peace talks with the rebel barons
Apollo (Philosophy and religion)

Leucothea was daughter of Orchamus and sister of Clytia. She fell in love with Apollo who disguised himself as Leucothea's mother to gain entrance to her chambers. Clytia, jealous of her sister because she wanted Apollo for herself, told Orchamus the truth, betraying her sister's trust and confidence in her. Enraged, Orchamus ordered Leucothea to be buried alive. Apollo refused to forgive Clytia for betraying his beloved, and a grieving Clytia wilted and slowly died. Apollo changed her into an incense plant, either heliotrope or sunflower, which follows the sun every day.

Q1: Who was Leucothea's mother?
A1: Orchamus
Q2: Who is Leucothea's sister?
A2: Clytia
Q3: Who did Leucothea fall in love with?
A3: Leucothea
Q4: Who ordered Leucothea to be buried alive?
A4: Orchamus
Incandescent_light_bulb (Engineering and technology)

Lewis Latimer, employed at the time by Edison, developed an improved method of heat-treating carbon filaments which reduced breakage and allowed them to be molded into novel shapes, such as the characteristic "M" shape of Maxim filaments. On 17 January 1882, Latimer received a patent for the "Process of Manufacturing Carbons", an improved method for the production of light bulb filaments, which was purchased by the United States Electric Light Company. Latimer patented other improvements such as a better way of attaching filaments to their wire supports.

Q1: Who developed a heat-treating method that allowed carbon filaments to be molded into shapes?
A1: Lewis Latimer
Q2: When did Latimer patent his "Process of Manufacturing Carbons"?
A2: 17 January 1882
Q3: Which company purchased Latimer's patent?
A3: United States Electric Light Company
Q4: Who employed Latimer when he developed his first patent?
A4: Edison
Qing_dynasty (History)

Li Zicheng then led a coalition of rebel forces numbering 200,000[a] to confront Wu Sangui, the general commanding the Ming garrison at Shanhai Pass. Shanhai Pass is a pivotal pass of the Great Wall, located fifty miles northeast of Beijing, and for years its defenses kept the Manchus from directly raiding the Ming capital. Wu Sangui, caught between a rebel army twice his size and a foreign enemy he had fought for years, decided to cast his lot with the Manchus, with whom he was familiar. Wu Sangui may have been influenced by Li Zicheng's mistreatment of his family and other wealthy and cultured officials; it was said that Li also took Wu's concubine Chen Yuanyuan for himself. Wu and Dorgon allied in the name of avenging the death of the Chongzhen Emperor. Together, the two former enemies met and defeated Li Zicheng's rebel forces in battle on May 27, 1644.

Q1: How big was Li Zicheng's army?
A1: 200,000
Q2: Who did Li Zicheng's army fight?
A2: Wu Sangui
Q3: What was the name of the general at the Ming fort?
A3: Wu Sangui
Q4: Who beat Li Zicheng's army?
A4: Wu and Dorgon
Q5: When did the battle take place?
A5: May 27, 1644
Avicenna (Language and literature)

Liber Aboali Abincine de Anima in arte Alchemiae was the most influential, having influenced later medieval chemists and alchemists such as Vincent of Beauvais. However Anawati argues (following Ruska) that the de Anima is a fake by a Spanish author. Similarly the Declaratio is believed not to be actually by Avicenna. The third work (The Book of Minerals) is agreed to be Avicenna's writing, adapted from the Kitab al-Shifa (Book of the Remedy). Ibn Sina classified minerals into stones, fusible substances, sulfurs, and salts, building on the ideas of Aristotle and Jabir. The epistola de Re recta is somewhat less sceptical of alchemy; Anawati argues that it is by Avicenna, but written earlier in his career when he had not yet firmly decided that transmutation was impossible.

Q1: What work by Avicenna is thought to be a fake?
A1: Liber Aboali Abincine de Anima in arte Alchemiae
Q2: What is another work of Avicenna that is said to not be his creation?
A2: the Declaratio
Q3: What is definitely seen as being written by Avicenna?
A3: The Book of Minerals
Q4: What is the kitab al-Shifa?
A4: Book of the Remedy
Q5: What did Ibn Sina classify into stones?
A5: minerals
Liberia (History)

Liberia has a long, rich history in textile arts and quilting, as the settlers brought with them their sewing and quilting skills. Liberia hosted National Fairs in 1857 and 1858 in which prizes were awarded for various needle arts. One of the most well-known Liberian quilters was Martha Ann Ricks, who presented a quilt featuring the famed Liberian coffee tree to Queen Victoria in 1892. When President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf moved into the Executive Mansion, she reportedly had a Liberian-made quilt installed in her presidential office.

Q1: What arts does Liberia have a rich history of?
A1: textile arts and quilting
Q2: In what years did Liberia host national fairs? 
A2: 1857 and 1858
Q3: Who is Martha Ann Ricks?
A3: the most well-known Liberian quilters
Q4: Who did Martha Ann Ricks present the famed Liberian coffee tree to?
A4: Queen Victoria
Q5: What did President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf have installed in her presidential office?
A5: Liberian-made quilt