LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Oklahoma (Geography and places)

Oklahoma is located in a humid subtropical region. Oklahoma lies in a transition zone between humid continental climate to the north, semi-arid climate to the west, and humid subtropical climate in the central, south and eastern portions of the state. Most of the state lies in an area known as Tornado Alley characterized by frequent interaction between cold, dry air from Canada, warm to hot, dry air from Mexico and the Southwestern U.S., and warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico. The interactions between these three contrasting air currents produces severe weather (severe thunderstorms, damaging thunderstorm winds, large hail and tornadoes) with a frequency virtually unseen anywhere else on planet Earth. An average 62 tornadoes strike the state per year—one of the highest rates in the world.

Q1: What is Oklahoma's main climate region?
A1: humid subtropical
Q2: What natural-disaster-based nickname does Oklahoma's region have?
A2: Tornado Alley
Q3: How many tornadoes hit Oklahoma each year?
A3: average 62
Q4: What types of severe weather does Oklahoma get?
A4: severe thunderstorms, damaging thunderstorm winds, large hail and tornadoes
Q5: Where does Oklahoma receive hot dry air from?
A5: Mexico
Oklahoma (Geography and places)

Oklahoma is part of a geographical region characterized by conservative and Evangelical Christianity known as the "Bible Belt". Spanning the southern and eastern parts of the United States, the area is known for politically and socially conservative views, even though Oklahoma has more voters registered with the Democratic Party than with any other party. Tulsa, the state's second largest city, home to Oral Roberts University, is sometimes called the "buckle of the Bible Belt". According to the Pew Research Center, the majority of Oklahoma's religious adherents – 85 percent – are Christian, accounting for about 80 percent of the population. The percentage of Oklahomans affiliated with Catholicism is half of the national average, while the percentage affiliated with Evangelical Protestantism is more than twice the national average – tied with Arkansas for the largest percentage of any state.

Q1: What is the conservative Evangelical Christian region called?
A1: the "Bible Belt"
Q2: What parts of the US are covered by the 'Bible Belt'?
A2: southern and eastern
Q3: What political party has the most members in Oklahoma?
A3: Democratic
Q4: What is Oklahoma's 2nd-largest city?
A4: Tulsa
Q5: How much of Oklahoma's population is Christian?
A5: 80 percent
Oklahoma (Geography and places)

Oklahoma is the 20th largest state in the United States, covering an area of 69,898 square miles (181,035 km2), with 68,667 square miles (177847 km2) of land and 1,281 square miles (3,188 km2) of water. It is one of six states on the Frontier Strip and lies partly in the Great Plains near the geographical center of the 48 contiguous states. It is bounded on the east by Arkansas and Missouri, on the north by Kansas, on the northwest by Colorado, on the far west by New Mexico, and on the south and near-west by Texas.

Q1: Where does Oklahoma rank by land area?
A1: 20th
Q2: How many square miles is Oklahoma?
A2: 69,898
Q3: How many square miles of water is in Oklahoma?
A3: 1,281
Q4: How many states are on the Frontier Strip?
A4: six
Q5: Which state is north of Oklahoma?
A5: Kansas
Oklahoma (Geography and places)

Oklahoma is the nation's third-largest producer of natural gas, fifth-largest producer of crude oil, and has the second-greatest number of active drilling rigs, and ranks fifth in crude oil reserves. While the state ranked eighth for installed wind energy capacity in 2011, it is at the bottom of states in usage of renewable energy, with 94 percent of its electricity being generated by non-renewable sources in 2009, including 25 percent from coal and 46 percent from natural gas. Oklahoma has no nuclear power. Ranking 13th for total energy consumption per capita in 2009, Oklahoma's energy costs were 8th lowest in the nation.

Q1: What is Oklahoma's rank among states producing crude oil?
A1: fifth
Q2: What is Oklahoma's rank among states by active drilling rigs?
A2: second
Q3: How does Oklahoma's crude oil reserves rank among states?
A3: fifth
Q4: How much of Oklahoma's electricity comes from non-renewable sources?
A4: 94 percent
Q5: How much of Oklahoma's electricity comes from coal?
A5: 25 percent
Oklahoma (Geography and places)

Oklahoma's centennial celebration was named the top event in the United States for 2007 by the American Bus Association, and consisted of multiple celebrations saving with the 100th anniversary of statehood on November 16, 2007. Annual ethnic festivals and events take place throughout the state such as Native American powwows and ceremonial events, and include festivals (as examples) in Scottish, Irish, German, Italian, Vietnamese, Chinese, Czech, Jewish, Arab, Mexican and African-American communities depicting cultural heritage or traditions.

Q1: When was Oklahoma's centennial year?
A1: 2007
Q2: When was the exact hundredth anniversary of Oklahoma's statehood?
A2: November 16, 2007
Q3: What organization said Oklahoma's centennial was the top event in the US that year?
A3: American Bus Association
Q4: What do ethnic festivals depict?
A4: cultural heritage or traditions
Oklahoma (Geography and places)

Oklahoma's judicial branch consists of the Oklahoma Supreme Court, the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals, and 77 District Courts that each serves one county. The Oklahoma judiciary also contains two independent courts: a Court of Impeachment and the Oklahoma Court on the Judiciary. Oklahoma has two courts of last resort: the state Supreme Court hears civil cases, and the state Court of Criminal Appeals hears criminal cases (this split system exists only in Oklahoma and neighboring Texas). Judges of those two courts, as well as the Court of Civil Appeals are appointed by the Governor upon the recommendation of the state Judicial Nominating Commission, and are subject to a non-partisan retention vote on a six-year rotating schedule.

Q1: How many district courts does Oklahoma have?
A1: 77
Q2: How many counties does Oklahoma have?
A2: 77
Q3: What is the civil court of last resort in Oklahoma?
A3: the state Supreme Court
Q4: What is the criminal court of last resort in Oklahoma?
A4: the state Court of Criminal Appeals
Q5: What is the only other state with two courts of last resort?
A5: Texas
Oklahoma (Geography and places)

Oklahoma's largest commercial airport is Will Rogers World Airport in Oklahoma City, averaging a yearly passenger count of more than 3.5 million (1.7 million boardings) in 2010. Tulsa International Airport, the state's second largest commercial airport, served more than 1.3 million boardings in 2010. Between the two, six airlines operate in Oklahoma. In terms of traffic, R. L. Jones Jr. (Riverside) Airport in Tulsa is the state's busiest airport, with 335,826 takeoffs and landings in 2008. In total, Oklahoma has over 150 public-use airports.

Q1: What is the largest commercial airport in Oklahoma?
A1: Will Rogers World Airport
Q2: Where is Oklahoma's largest airport?
A2: Oklahoma City
Q3: How many people boarded in Will Rogers World Airport in 2010?
A3: 1.7 million
Q4: How many different airlines operate in Oklahoma?
A4: six
Q5: How many public airports does Oklahoma have?
A5: over 150
Dutch_language (Language and literature)

Old Dutch naturally evolved into Middle Dutch. The year 1150 is often cited as the time of the discontinuity, but it actually marks a time of profuse Dutch writing and during this period a rich Medieval Dutch literature developed. There was at that time no overarching standard language; Middle Dutch is rather a collective name for a number of closely related dialects whose ancestor was Old Dutch. But they were all mutually intelligible. In fact, since Dutch is a rather conservative language, the various literary works of that time today are often very readable for modern-day speakers.

Q1: What language did Middle Dutch come from?
A1: Old Dutch
Q2: What year do some researchers say marked the point when Old Dutch morphed?
A2: 1150
Q3: Rather than a single language, what group sharing origins in Old Dutch does the term "Middle Dutch" refer to?
A3: closely related dialects
Q4: Would a text written in Middle Dutch be readable or unintelligible for a Dutch speaker today?
A4: readable
Old_English (Language and literature)

Old English (Ænglisc, Anglisc, Englisc) or Anglo-Saxon is the earliest historical form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages. It was brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers probably in the mid 5th century, and the first Old English literary works date from the mid 7th century. After the Norman Conquest of 1066, English was replaced for a time as the language of the upper classes by Anglo-Norman, a relative of French, and Old English developed into the next historical form of English, known as Middle English.

Q1: What is the name of the English language's earliest form?
A1: Old English
Q2: In what parts of Scotland was Old English spoken?
A2: southern and eastern
Q3: in what historical period was Old English spoken?
A3: the early Middle Ages
Q4: What people brought Old English to Britain?
A4: Anglo-Saxon settlers
Q5: What language developed from Old English?
A5: Middle English
Old_English (Language and literature)

Old English contained a certain number of loanwords from Latin, which was the scholarly and diplomatic lingua franca of Western Europe. It is sometimes possible to give approximate dates for the borrowing of individual Latin words based on which patterns of sound change they have undergone. Some Latin words had already been borrowed into the Germanic languages before the ancestral Angles and Saxons left continental Europe for Britain. More entered the language when the Anglo-Saxons were converted to Christianity and Latin-speaking priests became influential. It was also through Irish Christian missionaries that the Latin alphabet was introduced and adapted for the writing of Old English, replacing the earlier runic system. Nonetheless, the largest transfer of Latin-based (mainly Old French) words into English occurred after the Norman Conquest of 1066, and thus in the Middle English rather than the Old English period.

Q1: From what language did Old English borrow some words?
A1: Latin
Q2: What individuals introduced the Latin alphabet to the speakers of Old English?
A2: Irish Christian missionaries
Q3: Before the introduction of the Latin alphabet, how was Old English written?
A3: runic system
Q4: After the Norman Conquest, Latin words entered English via what language?
A4: Old French
Q5: In what year did the Norman Conquest occur?
A5: 1066
Old_English (Language and literature)

Old English developed from a set of Anglo-Frisian or North Sea Germanic dialects originally spoken by Germanic tribes traditionally known as the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. As the Anglo-Saxons became dominant in England, their language replaced the languages of Roman Britain: Common Brittonic, a Celtic language, and Latin, brought to Britain by Roman invasion. Old English had four main dialects, associated with particular Anglo-Saxon kingdoms: Mercian, Northumbrian, Kentish and West Saxon. It was West Saxon that formed the basis for the literary standard of the later Old English period, although the dominant forms of Middle and Modern English would develop mainly from Mercian. The speech of eastern and northern parts of England was subject to strong Old Norse influence due to Scandinavian rule and settlement beginning in the 9th century.

Q1: What is another name for Anglo-Frisian?
A1: North Sea Germanic
Q2: Along with the Angles and Saxons, what tribe spoke Anglo-Frisian?
A2: Jutes
Q3: What language family did Common Brittonic belong to?
A3: Celtic
Q4: How was the Latin language brought to Britain?
A4: Roman invasion
Q5: In what century did Scandinavian settlement begin in northern England?
A5: 9th
Old_English (Language and literature)

Old English is a West Germanic language, developing out of Ingvaeonic (also known as North Sea Germanic) dialects from the 5th century. It came to be spoken over most of the territory of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms which became the Kingdom of England. This included most of present-day England, as well as part of what is now southeastern Scotland, which for several centuries belonged to the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria. Other parts of the island – Wales and most of Scotland – continued to use Celtic languages, except in the areas of Scandinavian settlements where Old Norse was spoken. Celtic speech also remained established in certain parts of England: Medieval Cornish was spoken all over Cornwall and in adjacent parts of Devon, while Cumbric survived perhaps to the 12th century in parts of Cumbria, and Welsh may have been spoken on the English side of the Anglo-Welsh border. Norse was also widely spoken in the parts of England which fell under Danish law.

Q1: What language family does Old English belong to?
A1: West Germanic
Q2: What is another name for Ingvaeonic?
A2: North Sea Germanic
Q3: In what century did Old English first develop?
A3: 5th
Q4: What Anglo-Saxon kingdom ruled parts of modern-day Scotland?
A4: Northumbria
Q5: What language was spoken in Cornwall?
A5: Medieval Cornish
Old_English (Language and literature)

Old English is one of the West Germanic languages, and its closest relatives are Old Frisian and Old Saxon. Like other old Germanic languages, it is very different from Modern English and difficult for Modern English speakers to understand without study. Old English grammar is quite similar to that of modern German: nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and verbs have many inflectional endings and forms, and word order is much freer. The oldest Old English inscriptions were written using a runic system, but from about the 9th century this was replaced by a version of the Latin alphabet.

Q1: To what language group does Old English belong?
A1: West Germanic
Q2: Along with Old Saxon, what language is closely related to Old English?
A2: Old Frisian
Q3: To what modern language is Old English similar?
A3: German
Q4: In what century did the Latin alphabet replace the runic system in Old English writing?
A4: 9th
Old_English (Language and literature)

Old English nouns had grammatical gender, a feature absent in modern English, which uses only natural gender. For example, the words sunne ("sun"), mōna ("moon") and wīf ("woman/wife") were respectively feminine, masculine and neuter; this is reflected, among other things, in the form of the definite article used with these nouns: sēo sunne ("the sun"), se mōna ("the moon"), þæt wīf ("the woman/wife"). Pronoun usage could reflect either natural or grammatical gender, when those conflicted (as in the case of wīf, a neuter noun referring to a female person).

Q1: What type of gender did Old English nouns possess?
A1: grammatical
Q2: What type of gender is present in modern English nouns?
A2: natural
Q3: What was a masculine word in Old English?
A3: mōna
Q4: What was a feminine word in Old English?
A4: sunne
Q5: What was the grammatical gender of the Old English word for wife?
A5: neuter
Old_English (Language and literature)

Old English was not static, and its usage covered a period of 700 years, from the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain in the 5th century to the late 11th century, some time after the Norman invasion. While indicating that the establishment of dates is an arbitrary process, Albert Baugh dates Old English from 450 to 1150, a period of full inflections, a synthetic language. Perhaps around 85 per cent of Old English words are no longer in use, but those that survived, to be sure, are basic elements of Modern English vocabulary.

Q1: For about how many years was Old English used?
A1: 700
Q2: In what century was Old English first used?
A2: 5th
Q3: In what century did Old English cease to be used?
A3: 11th
Q4: According to Albert Baugh, what was the period in which Old English was used?
A4: 450 to 1150
Q5: About what percentage of Old English words are not present in Modern English?
A5: 85
Dutch_language (Language and literature)

Old Low Franconian or Old Dutch is regarded as the primary stage in the development of a separate Dutch language. The "Low" in Old Low Franconian refers to the Frankish spoken in the Low Countries where it was not influenced by the High German consonant shift, as opposed to Central and high Franconian in Germany. The latter would as a consequence evolve with Allemanic into Old High German. At more or less the same time the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law led to the development of Old Saxon, Old Frisian (Anglo-Frisian) and Old English (Anglo-Saxon). Hardly influenced by either development, Old Dutch remained close to the original language of the Franks, the people that would rule Europe for centuries. The language however, did experienced developments on its own, like final-obstruent devoicing in a very early stage. In fact, by judging from the find at Bergakker, it would seem that the language already experienced this characteristic during the Old Frankish period.

Q1: What's another name for Old Frisian?
A1: Anglo-Frisian
Q2: What's another name for Old English?
A2: Anglo-Saxon
Q3: What language stayed very similar to the language spoken by Franks?
A3: Old Dutch
Q4: What period is the Bergakker inscription from that shows characteristics of the Old Dutch language?
A4: Old Frankish
Q5: What's another name for Old Dutch that demonstrates its difference from German Franconian?
A5: Old Low Franconian
Iranian_languages (Language and literature)

Old Persian is the Old Iranian dialect as it was spoken in south-western Iran by the inhabitants of Parsa, who also gave their name to their region and language. Genuine Old Persian is best attested in one of the three languages of the Behistun inscription, composed circa 520 BC, and which is the last inscription (and only inscription of significant length) in which Old Persian is still grammatically correct. Later inscriptions are comparatively brief, and typically simply copies of words and phrases from earlier ones, often with grammatical errors, which suggests that by the 4th century BC the transition from Old Persian to Middle Persian was already far advanced, but efforts were still being made to retain an "old" quality for official proclamations.

Q1: In which historical record does Old Persian appear in exemplary form?
A1: the Behistun inscription
Q2: When was the Behistun inscription written?
A2: 520 BC
Q3: During what century was the change from Old to Middle Persian well underway?
A3: 4th century BC
Prime_minister (Social sciences and society)

Older constitutions often vest this power in the cabinet. In the United Kingdom, for example, the tradition whereby it is the prime minister who requests a dissolution of parliament dates back to 1918. Prior to then, it was the entire government that made the request. Similarly, though the modern 1937 Irish constitution grants to the Taoiseach the right to make the request, the earlier 1922 Irish Free State Constitution vested the power in the Executive Council (the then name for the Irish cabinet).

Q1: When was the convention of prime ministers initiating the dissolution of parliament started?
A1: 1918
Q2: In Ireland, when was the power to dissolve parliament assigned to the prime minister?
A2: 1937
Q3: The 1922 Irish Free State Constitution previously gave what body the power to dissolve parliament?
A3: the Executive Council
Q4: What was the Executive Council an alternate name for?
A4: cabinet
Russian_language (Language and literature)

Older letters of the Russian alphabet include ⟨ѣ⟩, which merged to ⟨е⟩ (/je/ or /ʲe/); ⟨і⟩ and ⟨ѵ⟩, which both merged to ⟨и⟩ (/i/); ⟨ѳ⟩, which merged to ⟨ф⟩ (/f/); ⟨ѫ⟩, which merged to ⟨у⟩ (/u/); ⟨ѭ⟩, which merged to ⟨ю⟩ (/ju/ or /ʲu/); and ⟨ѧ/⟨ѩ⟩⟩, which later were graphically reshaped into ⟨я⟩ and merged phonetically to /ja/ or /ʲa/. While these older letters have been abandoned at one time or another, they may be used in this and related articles. The yers ⟨ъ⟩ and ⟨ь⟩ originally indicated the pronunciation of ultra-short or reduced /ŭ/, /ĭ/.

Q1: What did the old letter ⟨ѣ⟩ become?
A1: ⟨е⟩
Q2: What did the old letters ⟨і⟩ and ⟨ѵ⟩ become?
A2: ⟨и⟩
Q3: What did the old letter ⟨ѳ⟩ become?
A3: ⟨ф⟩
Q4: What did the old letter ⟨ѫ⟩ become?
A4: ⟨у⟩
Q5: What did the old letter ⟨ѭ⟩ become?
A5: ⟨ю⟩
ASCII (Engineering and technology)

Older operating systems such as TOPS-10, along with CP/M, tracked file length only in units of disk blocks and used Control-Z (SUB) to mark the end of the actual text in the file. For this reason, EOF, or end-of-file, was used colloquially and conventionally as a three-letter acronym for Control-Z instead of SUBstitute. The end-of-text code (ETX), also known as Control-C, was inappropriate for a variety of reasons, while using Z as the control code to end a file is analogous to it ending the alphabet and serves as a very convenient mnemonic aid. A historically common and still prevalent convention uses the ETX code convention to interrupt and halt a program via an input data stream, usually from a keyboard.

Q1: What did older operating systems use to mark the end of the text?
A1: Control-Z (SUB)
Q2: What does EOF stand for?
A2: end-of-file
Q3: What is still the conventional use of the ETX code?
A3: to interrupt and halt a program via an input data stream, usually from a keyboard
Q4: What else is the end-of-text code known as?
A4: Control-C
Daylight_saving_time (Engineering and technology)

Older or stripped-down systems may support only the TZ values required by POSIX, which specify at most one start and end rule explicitly in the value. For example, TZ='EST5EDT,M3.2.0/02:00,M11.1.0/02:00' specifies time for the eastern United States starting in 2007. Such a TZ value must be changed whenever DST rules change, and the new value applies to all years, mishandling some older timestamps.

Q1: Less sophisticated systems might just support a TZ value with one start rule and how many end rules?
A1: one
Q2: When must TZ values be changed on an older system?
A2: whenever DST rules change
Q3: What does the TZ value EST5EDT,M3.2.0/02:00,M11.1.0/02:00 specify?
A3: time for the eastern United States starting in 2007
Q4: What years will a new TZ value apply to?
A4: all years
Q5: What's might a new TZ value mishandle when it changes with new DST rules?
A5: older timestamps
Washington_University_in_St._Louis (Geography and places)

Olin has a network of more than 16,000 alumni worldwide. Over the last several years, the school’s endowment has increased to $213 million (2004) and annual gifts average $12 million per year.[citation needed] Simon Hall was opened in 1986 after a donation from John E. Simon. On May 2, 2014, the $90 million conjoined Knight and Bauer Halls were dedicated, following a $15 million gift from Charles F. Knight and Joanne Knight and a $10 million gift from George and Carol Bauer through the Bauer Foundation.

Q1: How many alumni does Olin Business School have worldwide?
A1: more than 16,000 alumni
Q2: What is the amount of Olin Business School's endowment as of 2004?
A2: $213 million
Q3: When was Simon Hall opened?
A3: 1986
Q4: Who provided the donation that enabled the opening  Simon Hall?
A4: John E. Simon
Q5: When were Knight and Bauer Halls dedicated?
A5: May 2, 2014