LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser (History)

Nasser's involvement in political activity increased throughout his school years, such that he only attended 45 days of classes during his last year of secondary school. Despite it having the almost unanimous backing of Egypt's political forces, Nasser strongly objected to the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty because it stipulated the continued presence of British military bases in the country. Nonetheless, political unrest in Egypt declined significantly and Nasser resumed his studies at al-Nahda, where he received his leaving certificate later that year.

Q1: How many days did Nasser attend classes in his senior year?
A1: 45
Q2: What treaty did Nasser object to?
A2: Anglo-Egyptian Treaty
Q3: What did Nasser not want to have in Egypt?
A3: British military bases
Q4: What was the trajectory of political unrest after the treaty?
A4: declined significantly
Q5: From where did Nasser graduate?
A5: al-Nahda
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser (History)

Nasser's nationalization of the Suez Canal and his emergence as the political victor from the subsequent Suez Crisis substantially elevated his popularity in Egypt and the Arab world. Calls for pan-Arab unity under his leadership increased, culminating with the formation of the United Arab Republic with Syria (1958–1961). In 1962, Nasser began a series of major socialist measures and modernization reforms in Egypt. Despite setbacks to his pan-Arabist cause, by 1963 Nasser's supporters gained power in several Arab countries and he became embroiled in the North Yemen Civil War. He began his second presidential term in March 1965 after his political opponents were banned from running. Following Egypt's defeat by Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War, Nasser resigned, but he returned to office after popular demonstrations called for his reinstatement. By 1968, Nasser had appointed himself prime minister, launched the War of Attrition to regain lost territory, began a process of depoliticizing the military, and issued a set of political liberalization reforms. After the conclusion of the 1970 Arab League summit, Nasser suffered a heart attack and died. His funeral in Cairo drew five million mourners and an outpouring of grief across the Arab world.

Q1: How many mourners attended Nasser's funeral?
A1: five million
Q2: What landmark water route did Nasser nationalize?
A2: Suez Canal
Q3: What organization did Nasser create with Syria?
A3: United Arab Republic
Q4: What civil war did Nasser become entangled in?
A4: North Yemen Civil War
Q5: In what year did Nasser start his second term as President?
A5: 1965
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser (History)

Nasser's nomination for the post and the new constitution were put to public referendum on 23 June and each was approved by an overwhelming majority. A 350-member National Assembly was established, elections for which were held in July 1957. Nasser had ultimate approval over all the candidates. The constitution granted women's suffrage, prohibited gender-based discrimination, and entailed special protection for women in the workplace. Coinciding with the new constitution and Nasser's presidency, the RCC dissolved itself and its members resigned their military commissions as part of the transition to civilian rule. During the deliberations surrounding the establishment of a new government, Nasser began a process of sidelining his rivals among the original Free Officers, while elevating his closest allies to high-ranking positions in the cabinet.

Q1: Who could approve or reject candidates for the National Assembly?
A1: Nasser
Q2: Who received new and special protections in the new constitution?
A2: women
Q3: What group dissolved when the new constitution was enacted?
A3: RCC
Q4: Among the original Free Officers, what did Nasser do to his opponents? 
A4: sidelining
Q5: What did Nasser's allies receive in the new arrangement?
A5: high-ranking positions in the cabinet
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser (History)

Nasser's regional position changed unexpectedly when Yemeni officers led by Nasser supporter Abdullah al-Sallal overthrew Imam Badr of North Yemen on 27 September 1962. Al-Badr and his tribal partisans began receiving increasing support from Saudi Arabia to help reinstate the kingdom, while Nasser subsequently accepted a request by Sallal to militarily aid the new government on 30 September. Consequently, Egypt became increasingly embroiled in the drawn-out civil war until it withdrew its forces in 1967. Most of Nasser's old colleagues had questioned the wisdom of continuing the war, but Amer reassured Nasser of their coming victory. Nasser later remarked in 1968 that intervention in Yemen was a "miscalculation".

Q1: What country experienced a coup in 1962?
A1: North Yemen
Q2: What country agreed to help suppress the Yemeni rebellion?
A2: Saudi Arabia
Q3: Which side of the civil war did Nasser side with?
A3: the new government
Q4: In what year did Egypt leave Yemen's civil war?
A4: 1967
Q5: How did Nasser characterize Egypt's involvement in Yemen's civil war?
A5: miscalculation
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser (History)

Nasser's return to Egypt coincided with Husni al-Za'im's Syrian coup d'état. Its success and evident popular support among the Syrian people encouraged Nasser's revolutionary pursuits. Soon after his return, he was summoned and interrogated by Prime Minister Ibrahim Abdel Hadi regarding suspicions that he was forming a secret group of dissenting officers. According to secondhand reports, Nasser convincingly denied the allegations. Abdel Hadi was also hesitant to take drastic measures against the army, especially in front of its chief of staff, who was present during the interrogation, and subsequently released Nasser. The interrogation pushed Nasser to speed up his group's activities.

Q1: What people had a coup around the time Nasser returned to Egypt?
A1: Syrian
Q2: Who questioned Nasser?
A2: Prime Minister Ibrahim Abdel
Q3: What was Nasser's reaction to the questions he was asked?
A3: convincingly denied the allegations
Q4: What did the interrogation provoke Nasser to do?
A4: speed up his group's activities
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser (History)

Nasser's street following was still too small to sustain his plans for reform and to secure him in office. To promote himself and the Liberation Rally, he gave speeches in a cross-country tour, and imposed controls over the country's press by decreeing that all publications had to be approved by the party to prevent "sedition". Both Umm Kulthum and Abdel Halim Hafez, the leading Arab singers of the era, performed songs praising Nasser's nationalism. Others produced plays denigrating his political opponents. According to his associates, Nasser orchestrated the campaign himself. Arab nationalist terms such "Arab homeland" and "Arab nation" frequently began appearing in his speeches in 1954–55, whereas prior he would refer to the Arab "peoples" or the "Arab region". In January 1955, the RCC appointed him as their president, pending national elections.

Q1: What was too small to keep Nasser in power?
A1: street following
Q2: What institution did Nasser closely control to prevent sedition?
A2: press
Q3: Who were Umm Kulthum and Abdel Hafez?
A3: singers
Q4: What phrases did Nasser use in many of his speeches?
A4: "Arab homeland" and "Arab nation"
Q5: In what year did the RCC appoint Nasser as president?
A5: 1955
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses (Philosophy and religion)

Nathan Knorr was appointed as third president of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society in 1942. Knorr commissioned a new translation of the Bible, the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, the full version of which was released in 1961. He organized large international assemblies, instituted new training programs for members, and expanded missionary activity and branch offices throughout the world. Knorr's presidency was also marked by an increasing use of explicit instructions guiding Witnesses in their lifestyle and conduct, and a greater use of congregational judicial procedures to enforce a strict moral code.

Q1: Who was appointed as the third president of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society in 1942?
A1: Nathan Knorr
Q2: What did Knorr commission?
A2: a new translation of the Bible
Q3: When was the full version of the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures released?
A3: in 1961
Q4: What was Knorr's presidency marked by the increasing use of?
A4: explicit instructions guiding Witnesses
Q5: What was greater use of congregational judicial procedures used to enforce?
A5: a strict moral code
Exhibition_game (Sports and recreation)

National Basketball Association teams play eight preseason games per year. Today, NBA teams almost always play each other in the preseason, but mainly at neutral sites within their market areas in order to allow those who can't usually make a trip to a home team's arena during the regular season to see a game close to home; for instance the Minnesota Timberwolves will play games in arenas in North Dakota and South Dakota, while the Phoenix Suns schedule one exhibition game outdoors at Indian Wells Tennis Garden in Indian Wells, California yearly, the only such instance an NBA game takes place in an outdoor venue.

Q1: How many preseason games do NBA teams play?
A1: eight
Q2: Where are the TImberwolves based?
A2: Minnesota
Q3: Where are the Suns based?
A3: Phoenix
Q4: The Suns' exhibition game in Indian Wells, CA is the only time an NBA game is played in what setting?
A4: an outdoor venue
Q5: What venue do the Suns play at in Indian Wells?
A5: Indian Wells Tennis Garden
BBC_Television (Media and drama)

National and regional variations also occur within the BBC One and BBC Two schedules. England's BBC One output is split up into fifteen regions (such as South West and East), which exist mainly to produce local news programming, but also occasionally opt out of the network to show programmes of local importance (such as major local events). The other nations of the United Kingdom (Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland) have been granted more autonomy from the English network; for example, programmes are mostly introduced by local announcers, rather than by those in London. BBC One and BBC Two schedules in the other UK nations can vary immensely from BBC One and BBC Two in England.

Q1: How many different areas does BBC One accommodate with customized broadcasting?
A1: fifteen
Q2: Which parts of the UK have more control over their BBC broadcasts?
A2: Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland
Q3: Who hosts shows on BBC broadcasts outside of England?
A3: local announcers
Q4: What kind of coverage might take precedence over standard BBC programming?
A4: major local events
Biodiversity (Natural sciences)

National park and nature reserve is the area selected by governments or private organizations for special protection against damage or degradation with the objective of biodiversity and landscape conservation. National parks are usually owned and managed by national or state governments. A limit is placed on the number of visitors permitted to enter certain fragile areas. Designated trails or roads are created. The visitors are allowed to enter only for study, cultural and recreation purposes. Forestry operations, grazing of animals and hunting of animals are prohibited. Exploitation of habitat or wildlife is banned.

Q1: What types of parks receive special protection against damage or degradation?
A1: National park and nature reserve
Q2: Who selects National parks?
A2: governments or private organizations
Q3: What is the goal of protecting National Parks from damage?
A3: with the objective of biodiversity and landscape conservation
Q4: Who usually owns and manages National parks?
A4: national or state governments
Q5: What activities are prohibited in national parks?
A5: Forestry operations, grazing of animals and hunting of animals
Serbo-Croatian (Language and literature)

Nationalists have conflicting views about the language(s). The nationalists among the Croats conflictingly claim either that they speak an entirely separate language from Serbs and Bosnians or that these two peoples have, due to the longer lexicographic tradition among Croats, somehow "borrowed" their standard languages from them.[citation needed] Bosniak nationalists claim that both Croats and Serbs have "appropriated" the Bosnian language, since Ljudevit Gaj and Vuk Karadžić preferred the Neoštokavian-Ijekavian dialect, widely spoken in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as the basis for language standardization, whereas the nationalists among the Serbs claim either that any divergence in the language is artificial, or claim that the Štokavian dialect is theirs and the Čakavian Croats'— in more extreme formulations Croats have "taken" or "stolen" their language from the Serbs.[citation needed]

Q1: What opinions do Croatian Nationalists have on the language issue?
A1: they speak an entirely separate language from Serbs and Bosnians
Q2: Which language did Ljudevit Gaj and Vuk Karadzic prefer?
A2: Neoštokavian-Ijekavian
Q3: Where is the Neostokavian-Ijekavian language predominantely spoken?
A3: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Q4: How do Serbian nationalists feel about the Croatians using their language?
A4: Croats have "taken" or "stolen" their language
To_Kill_a_Mockingbird (Language and literature)

Native Alabamian Allen Barra sharply criticized Lee and the novel in The Wall Street Journal calling Atticus a "repository of cracker-barrel epigrams" and the novel represents a "sugar-coated myth" of Alabama history. Barra writes, "It's time to stop pretending that To Kill a Mockingbird is some kind of timeless classic that ranks with the great works of American literature. Its bloodless liberal humanism is sadly dated". Thomas Mallon in The New Yorker criticizes Atticus' stiff and self-righteous demeanor, and calls Scout "a kind of highly constructed doll" whose speech and actions are improbable. Although acknowledging that the novel works, Mallon blasts Lee's "wildly unstable" narrative voice for developing a story about a content neighborhood until it begins to impart morals in the courtroom drama, following with his observation that "the book has begun to cherish its own goodness" by the time the case is over.[note 2] Defending the book, Akin Ajayi writes that justice "is often complicated, but must always be founded upon the notion of equality and fairness for all." Ajayi states that the book forces readers to question issues about race, class, and society, but that it was not written to resolve them.

Q1: Who criticized Lee in The Wall Street Journal?
A1: Allen Barra
Q2: Who wrote that the book forces readers to question issues without resolving them?
A2: Akin Ajayi
Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas (History)

Native American music in North America is almost entirely monophonic, but there are notable exceptions. Traditional Native American music often centers around drumming. Rattles, clappersticks, and rasps were also popular percussive instruments. Flutes were made of rivercane, cedar, and other woods. The tuning of these flutes is not precise and depends on the length of the wood used and the hand span of the intended player, but the finger holes are most often around a whole step apart and, at least in Northern California, a flute was not used if it turned out to have an interval close to a half step. The Apache fiddle is a single stringed instrument.

Q1: What characteristic did the majority of Native American music have?
A1: monophonic
Q2: What did traditional Native American music center around?
A2: drumming
Q3: What are examples of popular percussive instruments of Native Americans?
A3: Rattles, clappersticks, and rasps
Q4: How were flutes constructed by the Native Americans?
A4: rivercane, cedar, and other woods
Q5: How many strings did the Apache fiddle have?
A5: single
Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas (History)

Native Americans in the United States make up 0.97% to 2% of the population. In the 2010 census, 2.9 million people self-identified as Native American, Native Hawaiian, and Alaska Native alone, and 5.2 million people identified as U.S. Native Americans, either alone or in combination with one or more ethnicity or other races. 1.8 million are recognized as enrolled tribal members.[citation needed] Tribes have established their own criteria for membership, which are often based on blood quantum, lineal descent, or residency. A minority of US Native Americans live in land units called Indian reservations. Some California and Southwestern tribes, such as the Kumeyaay, Cocopa, Pascua Yaqui and Apache span both sides of the US–Mexican border. Haudenosaunee people have the legal right to freely cross the US–Canadian border. Athabascan, Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian, Iñupiat, Blackfeet, Nakota, Cree, Anishinaabe, Huron, Lenape, Mi'kmaq, Penobscot, and Haudenosaunee, among others live in both Canada and the US.

Q1: What amoun of the United States population is compromised of Native Americans?
A1: 0.97% to 2%
Q2: How many people identified as Native American in the 2010 census?
A2: 5.2 million
Q3: How many of the self-identified Native Americans are recognized as enrolled tribal members?
A3: 1.8 million
Q4: Where do a minority of US Native Americans live?
A4: Indian reservations
Q5: What tribe has the legal right to freely cross the US-Canadian border?
A5: Haudenosaunee
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

Native Mahayana Buddhism is practiced today in China, Japan, Korea, Singapore, parts of Russia and most of Vietnam (also commonly referred to as "Eastern Buddhism"). The Buddhism practiced in Tibet, the Himalayan regions, and Mongolia is also Mahayana in origin, but is discussed below under the heading of Vajrayana (also commonly referred to as "Northern Buddhism"). There are a variety of strands in Eastern Buddhism, of which "the Pure Land school of Mahayana is the most widely practised today.". In most of this area however, they are fused into a single unified form of Buddhism. In Japan in particular, they form separate denominations with the five major ones being: Nichiren, peculiar to Japan; Pure Land; Shingon, a form of Vajrayana; Tendai, and Zen. In Korea, nearly all Buddhists belong to the Chogye school, which is officially Son (Zen), but with substantial elements from other traditions.

Q1: Native Mahayana buddhism is also called what?
A1: Eastern Buddhism
Q2: The Buddhism practiced in Tibet, the Himalayan regions and Mongolia are often referred to as?
A2: Northern Buddhism
Q3: What is the most widely practised Eastern Buddhism?
A3: the Pure Land school of Mahayana
Sumer (History)

Native Sumerian rule re-emerged for about a century in the Neo-Sumerian Empire or Third Dynasty of Ur (Sumerian Renaissance) approximately 2100-2000 BC, but the Akkadian language also remained in use. The Sumerian city of Eridu, on the coast of the Persian Gulf, is considered to have been the world's first city, where three separate cultures may have fused — that of peasant Ubaidian farmers, living in mud-brick huts and practicing irrigation; that of mobile nomadic Semitic pastoralists living in black tents and following herds of sheep and goats; and that of fisher folk, living in reed huts in the marshlands, who may have been the ancestors of the Sumerians.

Q1: How long was there native Sumerian rule during the Third Dynasty of Ur?
A1: about a century
Q2: When was the Third Dynasty of Ur?
A2: approximately 2100-2000 BC
Q3: What language was in use in the Neo-Sumerian Empire?
A3: Akkadian
Q4: What is considered to be the world's first city?
A4: Eridu
Q5: How many cultures may have fused together in Eridu?
A5: three
Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas (History)

Natives of North America began practicing farming approximately 4,000 years ago, late in the Archaic period of North American cultures. Technology had advanced to the point that pottery was becoming common and the small-scale felling of trees had become feasible. Concurrently, the Archaic Indians began using fire in a controlled manner. Intentional burning of vegetation was used to mimic the effects of natural fires that tended to clear forest understories. It made travel easier and facilitated the growth of herbs and berry-producing plants, which were important for both food and medicines.

Q1: When did the North American natives begin farming?
A1: approximately 4,000 years ago
Q2: What had pottery become 4,000 years ago in the Americas?
A2: common
Q3: What did technology make feasible when it came to trees?
A3: small-scale felling
Q4: How did Archaic Indians use fire?
A4: a controlled manner
Q5: What was the intentional burning of vegetation intended to mimic?
A5: effects of natural fires
Phonology (Language and literature)

Natural phonology is a theory based on the publications of its proponent David Stampe in 1969 and (more explicitly) in 1979. In this view, phonology is based on a set of universal phonological processes that interact with one another; which ones are active and which are suppressed is language-specific. Rather than acting on segments, phonological processes act on distinctive features within prosodic groups. Prosodic groups can be as small as a part of a syllable or as large as an entire utterance. Phonological processes are unordered with respect to each other and apply simultaneously (though the output of one process may be the input to another). The second most prominent natural phonologist is Patricia Donegan (Stampe's wife); there are many natural phonologists in Europe, and a few in the U.S., such as Geoffrey Nathan. The principles of natural phonology were extended to morphology by Wolfgang U. Dressler, who founded natural morphology.

Q1: Whose publications started the theory of Natural phonology?
A1: David Stampe
Q2: According to Stampe what is phonology based on?
A2: a set of universal phonological processes
Q3: Aside from being active what other condition can the universal phonological processes exist in?
A3: suppressed
Q4: Who is the number two natural phonologist?  
A4: Patricia Donegan
Q5: Who was the founder of natural morphology?
A5: Wolfgang U. Dressler
On_the_Origin_of_Species (Natural sciences)

Natural theology was not a unified doctrine, and while some such as Louis Agassiz were strongly opposed to the ideas in the book, others sought a reconciliation in which evolution was seen as purposeful. In the Church of England, some liberal clergymen interpreted natural selection as an instrument of God's design, with the cleric Charles Kingsley seeing it as "just as noble a conception of Deity". In the second edition of January 1860, Darwin quoted Kingsley as "a celebrated cleric", and added the phrase "by the Creator" to the closing sentence, which from then on read "life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed by the Creator into a few forms or into one". While some commentators have taken this as a concession to religion that Darwin later regretted, Darwin's view at the time was of God creating life through the laws of nature, and even in the first edition there are several references to "creation".

Q1: What view did Louis Agassiz have of On the Origin of Species?
A1: strongly opposed to the ideas in the book
Q2: What view did some clergymen in the Church of England take of the theory of natural selection?
A2: interpreted natural selection as an instrument of God's design
Q3: What did Darwin do to show that he admired the cleric Charles Kingsley? 
A3: Darwin quoted Kingsley as "a celebrated cleric", and added the phrase "by the Creator" to the closing sentence,
Q4: What did some commentators think about Darwin changing the phrasing in his book?
A4: some commentators have taken this as a concession to religion that Darwin later regretted
Q5: What were Darwin's views on the part of God in his theory?
A5: Darwin's view at the time was of God creating life through the laws of nature