LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Gene (Natural sciences)

According to Mendelian inheritance, variations in an organism's phenotype (observable physical and behavioral characteristics) are due in part to variations in its genotype (particular set of genes). Each gene specifies a particular trait with different sequence of a gene (alleles) giving rise to different phenotypes. Most eukaryotic organisms (such as the pea plants Mendel worked on) have two alleles for each trait, one inherited from each parent.:20

Q1: According to Mendelian inheritance, what is part of the cause of variations in an organism's phenotype?
A1: variations in its genotype
Q2: What sort of characteristics are described by an organism's phenotype?
A2: observable physical and behavioral characteristics
Q3: What is a genotype?
A3: particular set of genes
Q4: What specifies a particular trait with a different sequence of alleles?
A4: Each gene
Q5: How many alleles do most eukaryotic organisms have for each trait?
A5: two alleles for each trait
Child_labour (Social sciences and society)

According to Milton Friedman, before the Industrial Revolution virtually all children worked in agriculture. During the Industrial Revolution many of these children moved from farm work to factory work. Over time, as real wages rose, parents became able to afford to send their children to school instead of work and as a result child labour declined, both before and after legislation. Austrian School economist Murray Rothbard said that British and American children of the pre- and post-Industrial Revolution lived and suffered in infinitely worse conditions where jobs were not available for them and went "voluntarily and gladly" to work in factories.

Q1: Where did children work prior to the Industrial Revolution?
A1: agriculture
Q2: How many children worked?
A2: virtually all
Q3: Where did children go to work after doing farm work for so long?
A3: factory work
Q4: What did parents do when the wages were finally raised?
A4: send their children to school instead of work
Orthodox_Judaism (Philosophy and religion)

According to Orthodox Judaism, Jewish law today is based on the commandments in the Torah, as viewed through the discussions and debates contained in classical rabbinic literature, especially the Mishnah and the Talmud. Orthodox Judaism thus holds that the halakha represents the "will of God", either directly, or as closely to directly as possible. The laws are from the word of God in the Torah, using a set of rules also revealed by God to Moses on Mount Sinai, and have been derived with the utmost accuracy and care, and thus the Oral Law is considered to be no less the word of God. If some of the details of Jewish law may have been lost over the millennia, they were reconstructed in accordance with internally consistent rules; see The 13 rules by which Jewish law was derived.

Q1: What is jewish law today based on?
A1: Torah
Q2: what does the halakha represent to orthodox judiasm?
A2: will of God
Q3: Where were the rules about the Torah revealed to Moses by God?
A3: Mount Sinai
Q4: How many rules are jewish law derived from?
A4: 13
Q5: What law is considered to be no less the word of god?
A5: Oral Law
Elizabeth_II (History)

According to Paul Martin, Sr., by the end of the 1970s the Queen was worried that the Crown "had little meaning for" Pierre Trudeau, the Canadian Prime Minister. Tony Benn said that the Queen found Trudeau "rather disappointing". Trudeau's supposed republicanism seemed to be confirmed by his antics, such as sliding down banisters at Buckingham Palace and pirouetting behind the Queen's back in 1977, and the removal of various Canadian royal symbols during his term of office. In 1980, Canadian politicians sent to London to discuss the patriation of the Canadian constitution found the Queen "better informed ... than any of the British politicians or bureaucrats". She was particularly interested after the failure of Bill C-60, which would have affected her role as head of state. Patriation removed the role of the British parliament from the Canadian constitution, but the monarchy was retained. Trudeau said in his memoirs that the Queen favoured his attempt to reform the constitution and that he was impressed by "the grace she displayed in public" and "the wisdom she showed in private".

Q1: About whom was Elizabeth worried in the 1970s?
A1: Pierre Trudeau
Q2: What was the subject under consideration in discussions in 1980?
A2: Canadian constitution
Q3: What did patriation of the Canadian Constitution remove from the constitution?
A3: British parliament
Q4: What was retained in the constitution?
A4: monarchy
Q5: What did Trudeau say Elizabeth favored?
A5: reform
Myanmar (Geography and places)

According to Pew Research, 7% of the population identifies as Christian; 4% as Muslim; 1% follows traditional animistic beliefs; and 2% follow other religions, including Mahayana Buddhism, Hinduism, and East Asian religions. However, according to a US State Department's 2010 international religious freedom report, official statistics are alleged to underestimate the non-Buddhist population. Independent researchers put the Muslim population at 6 to 10% of the population[citation needed]. Jehovah's Witnesses have been present since 1914 and have about 80 congregations around the country and a branch office in Yangon publishing in 16 languages. A tiny Jewish community in Rangoon had a synagogue but no resident rabbi to conduct services.

Q1: What part of the populace does not  identify with conformists religious  majority?
A1: 7% of the population identifies as Christian; 4% as Muslim; 1% follows traditional animistic beliefs; and 2% follow other religions
Q2: Are these percentages an accurate estimate of nonconformists religious  groups ?
A2: international religious freedom report, official statistics are alleged to underestimate the non-Buddhist population.
Q3: How many dwelling are dedicated to the worship of the faith Jehovah's Witnesses ?
A3: 80 congregations around the country and a branch office in Yangon
Q4: How many dialects are the publications distributed by the Jehovah Witness available in ?
A4: 16 languages
Q5: What problem presented itself to the Jewish locale in Rangoon ?
A5: a synagogue but no resident rabbi to conduct services
Philosophy_of_space_and_time (Philosophy and religion)

According to Presentism, time is an ordering of various realities. At a certain time some things exist and others do not. This is the only reality we can deal with and we cannot for example say that Homer exists because at the present time he does not. An Eternalist, on the other hand, holds that time is a dimension of reality on a par with the three spatial dimensions, and hence that all things—past, present, and future—can be said to be just as real as things in the present. According to this theory, then, Homer really does exist, though we must still use special language when talking about somebody who exists at a distant time—just as we would use special language when talking about something far away (the very words near, far, above, below, and such are directly comparable to phrases such as in the past, a minute ago, and so on).

Q1: According to what theory is time an ordering of various realities?
A1: Presentism
Q2: Presentism states that at a certain time some things do what?
A2: exist
Q3: Who believes that time is a dimension of reality on a par with the three spatial dimensions
A3: Eternalist
Q4: According to an Eternalist, what can be said to be just as real as things in the present?
A4: all things—past, present, and future
Q5: According to the Eternalist theory, what must we use to describe Homer?
A5: special language
Genocide (History)

According to R. J. Rummel, genocide has 3 different meanings. The ordinary meaning is murder by government of people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group membership. The legal meaning of genocide refers to the international treaty, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. This also includes non-killings that in the end eliminate the group, such as preventing births or forcibly transferring children out of the group to another group. A generalized meaning of genocide is similar to the ordinary meaning but also includes government killings of political opponents or otherwise intentional murder. It is to avoid confusion regarding what meaning is intended that Rummel created the term democide for the third meaning.

Q1: In the writings of Rummel, what is the first and ordinary meaning of genocide?
A1: murder by government
Q2: Rummel postulates that murder of people of government is due to national, ethnic, racial and which other membership?
A2: religious group
Q3: The legal meaning of genocide is contained in which international treaty?
A3: Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
Q4: Included in the CPPCG is non-killings that ultimately achieve what end?
A4: eliminate the group
Q5: In the interpretation of non-killings, the CPPCG cites the forceful relocation of children along with what other factor?
A5: preventing births
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser (History)

According to Sadat, it was only when the Israelis cut off the Egyptian garrison at Sharm el-Sheikh that Nasser became aware of the situation's gravity. After hearing of the attack, he rushed to army headquarters to inquire about the military situation. The simmering conflict between Nasser and Amer subsequently came to the fore, and officers present reported the pair burst into "a nonstop shouting match". The Supreme Executive Committee, set up by Nasser to oversee the conduct of the war, attributed the repeated Egyptian defeats to the Nasser–Amer rivalry and Amer's overall incompetence. According to Egyptian diplomat Ismail Fahmi, who became foreign minister during Sadat's presidency, the Israeli invasion and Egypt's consequent defeat was a result of Nasser's dismissal of all rational analysis of the situation and his undertaking of a series of irrational decisions.

Q1: What defeat opened Nasser's eyes to the desperation of Egypt's situation?
A1: Sharm el-Sheikh
Q2: What two Egyptian leaders personal conflicts played a large part in Egypt's poor showing  in the war?
A2: Nasser–Amer
Q3: What did Nasser dismiss during the war?
A3: rational analysis
Quran (Philosophy and religion)

According to Sahih al-Bukhari, the Quran was recited among Levantines and Iraqis, and discussed by Christians and Jews, before it was standardized. Its language was similar to the Syriac language.[citation needed] The Quran recounts stories of many of the people and events recounted in Jewish and Christian sacred books (Tanakh, Bible) and devotional literature (Apocrypha, Midrash), although it differs in many details. Adam, Enoch, Noah, Eber, Shelah, Abraham, Lot, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Job, Jethro, David, Solomon, Elijah, Elisha, Jonah, Aaron, Moses, Zechariah, John the Baptist and Jesus are mentioned in the Quran as prophets of God (see Prophets of Islam). In fact, Moses is mentioned more in the Quran than any other individual. Jesus is mentioned more often in the Quran than Muhammad, while Mary is mentioned in the Quran more than the New Testament. Muslims believe the common elements or resemblances between the Bible and other Jewish and Christian writings and Islamic dispensations is due to their common divine source,[citation needed] and that the original Christian or Jewish texts were authentic divine revelations given to prophets.

Q1: Which Biblical character is the most often mentioned person in the Quran?
A1: Moses
Q2: Who has claimed that Christians and Jews had heard and discussed the Quran before it took on its standardized Arabic form?
A2: Sahih al-Bukhari
Q3: Which older language is thought to strongly resemble that of the Quran?
A3: Syriac
Q4: Which relative of Jesus appears more often in the Quran than the New Testament?
A4: Mary
Q5: What do devout Muslims believe is the reason for the overlap of events and characters in the Bible and Quran?
A5: common divine source
Christian (Language and literature)

According to Scientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in the United State by Harriet Zuckerman, a review of American Nobel prizes awarded between 1901 and 1972, 72% of American Nobel Prize laureates identified a Protestant background. Overall, Protestants have won a total of 84.2% of all the Nobel Prizes in Chemistry, 60% in Medicine, and 58.6% in Physics awarded to Americans between 1901 and 1972.

Q1: What denomination of Christianity had the highest percentage of Nobel Prize winners between 1901 and 1972 in America?
A1: Protestant
Quran (Philosophy and religion)

According to Shia beliefs, those who are firmly rooted in knowledge like Muhammad and the imams know the secrets of the Quran. According to Tabatabaei, the statement "none knows its interpretation except God" remains valid, without any opposing or qualifying clause. Therefore, so far as this verse is concerned, the knowledge of the Quran's interpretation is reserved for God. But Tabatabaei uses other verses and concludes that those who are purified by God know the interpretation of the Quran to a certain extent.

Q1: Who do Shia Muslims believe can approach Quranic truths besides God and Muhammad?
A1: imams
Q2: According to Shia Muslims, who is the only one who can fully know the a Quranic interpretation?
A2: God
Q3: How must God have treated those who are qualified to know Quranic sectets?
A3: purified
Hellenistic_period (History)

According to Strabo, the Greco-Bactrians seem to have had contacts with China through the silk road trade routes (Strabo, XI.XI.I). Indian sources also maintain religious contact between Buddhist monks and the Greeks, and some Greco-Bactrians did convert to Buddhism. Demetrius, son and successor of Euthydemus, invaded north-western India in 180 BC, after the destruction of the Mauryan empire there; the Mauryans were probably allies of the Bactrians (and Seleucids). The exact justification for the invasion remains unclear, but by about 175 BC, the Greeks ruled over parts of north-western India. This period also marks the beginning of the obfuscation of Greco-Bactrian history. Demetrius possibly died about 180 BC; numismatic evidence suggest the existence of several other kings shortly thereafter. It is probable that at this point that the Greco-Bactrian kingdom split into several semi-independent regions for some years, often warring amongst themselves. Heliocles was the last Greek to clearly rule Bactria, his power collapsing in the face of central Asian tribal invasions (Scythian and Yuezhi), by about 130 BCE. However, Greek urban civilisation seems to have continued in Bactria after the fall of the kingdom, having a hellenising effect on the tribes which had displaced Greek-rule. The Kushan empire which followed continued to use Greek on their coinage and Greeks continued being influential in the empire.

Q1: Who stated that the Greco-Bactrians had connections through the silk road?
A1: Strabo
Q2: When did Demetrius, son of Euthydemus invade north-western India?
A2: 180 BC
Q3: Whose death signifies the beginning of confusing documentation of Greco-Bactrian history?
A3: Demetrius
Q4: Who was the last Greek to clearly rule Bactria?
A4: Heliocles
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System (Engineering and technology)

According to Sun Jiadong, the chief designer of the navigation system, "Many organizations have been using our system for a while, and they like it very much."

Q1: Who is the chief designer of the BeiDou navigation system?
A1: Sun Jiadong
Q2: What did Sun Jiadong have to say about the BeiDou navigation system?
A2: "Many organizations have been using our system for a while, and they like it very much."
Q3: Who is Sun Jiadong?
A3: the chief designer of the navigation system
Quran (Philosophy and religion)

According to Tabatabaei, there are acceptable and unacceptable esoteric interpretations. Acceptable ta'wil refers to the meaning of a verse beyond its literal meaning; rather the implicit meaning, which ultimately is known only to God and can't be comprehended directly through human thought alone. The verses in question here refer to the human qualities of coming, going, sitting, satisfaction, anger and sorrow, which are apparently attributed to God. Unacceptable ta'wil is where one "transfers" the apparent meaning of a verse to a different meaning by means of a proof; this method is not without obvious inconsistencies. Although this unacceptable ta'wil has gained considerable acceptance, it is incorrect and cannot be applied to the Quranic verses. The correct interpretation is that reality a verse refers to. It is found in all verses, the decisive and the ambiguous alike; it is not a sort of a meaning of the word; it is a fact that is too sublime for words. God has dressed them with words to bring them a bit nearer to our minds; in this respect they are like proverbs that are used to create a picture in the mind, and thus help the hearer to clearly grasp the intended idea.

Q1: What are the two type of ta'wil?
A1: acceptable and unacceptable
Q2: Which type of esoteric interpretation involves a transfer by proof of a verse's meaning?
A2: Unacceptable
Q3: The implicit meaning of a Quranic verse that is known fully only by God is which type of ta'wil?
A3: Acceptable
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

According to Taraborrelli, the defining moment of Madonna's childhood was the tragic and untimely death of her beloved mother. Psychiatrist Keith Ablow suggests her mother's death would have had an immeasurable impact on the young Madonna at a time when her personality was still forming. According to Ablow, the younger a child is at the time of a serious loss, the more profound the influence and the longer lasting the impact. He concludes that "some people never reconcile themselves to such a loss at an early age, Madonna is not different than them." Conversely, author Lucy O'Brien feels the impact of the rape she suffered is, in fact, the motivating factor behind everything Madonna has done, more important even than the death of her mother: "It's not so much grief at her mother's death that drives her, as the sense of abandonment that left her unprotected. She encountered her own worst possible scenario, becoming a victim of male violence, and thereafter turned that full-tilt into her work, reversing the equation at every opportunity."

Q1: According to who was the defining moment of Madonna's childhood with her mother's death?
A1: Taraborrelli,
Q2: Which psychiatrist said that when a parent dies when the child is young, it leaves a lasting impact?
A2: Keith Ablow
Q3: Who believes that the rape Madonna experienced is the driving force in life?
A3: Lucy O'Brien
Child_labour (Social sciences and society)

According to Thomas DeGregori, an economics professor at the University of Houston, in an article published by the Cato Institute, a libertarian think-tank operating in Washington D.C., "it is clear that technological and economic change are vital ingredients in getting children out of the workplace and into schools. Then they can grow to become productive adults and live longer, healthier lives. However, in poor countries like Bangladesh, working children are essential for survival in many families, as they were in our own heritage until the late 19th century. So, while the struggle to end child labour is necessary, getting there often requires taking different routes—and, sadly, there are many political obstacles.

Q1: Where is Thomas DeGregori from?
A1: University of Houston
Q2: What country does he argue needs child labor to survive?
A2: Bangladesh
Q3: What are the obstacles he claims are to ending child labor?
A3: political obstacles
Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty (History)

According to Tibetologist John Powers, Tibetan sources counter this narrative of titles granted by the Chinese to Tibetans with various titles which the Tibetans gave to the Chinese emperors and their officials. Tribute missions from Tibetan monasteries to the Chinese court brought back not only titles, but large, commercially valuable gifts which could subsequently be sold. The Ming emperors sent invitations to ruling lamas, but the lamas sent subordinates rather than coming themselves, and no Tibetan ruler ever explicitly accepted the role of being a vassal of the Ming.

Q1: What was the name of the Tibetologist?
A1: John Powers
Q2: Who did the Ming emperors send invitations to?
A2: ruling lamas
Q3: When the lamas received an invite from the emperors, who did they send instead? 
A3: subordinates
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

According to Tilmann Vetter, the core of earliest Buddhism is the practice of dhyāna. Bronkhorst agrees that dhyana was a Buddhist invention, whereas Norman notes that "the Buddha's way to release [...] was by means of meditative practices." Discriminating insight into transiency as a separate path to liberation was a later development.

Q1: What was the earliest Buddhism type?
A1: dhyana
Q2: Buddha's way to release was by means of what type of practices? 
A2: meditative
Heresy (Philosophy and religion)

According to Titus 3:10 a divisive person should be warned two times before separating from him. The Greek for the phrase "divisive person" became a technical term in the early Church for a type of "heretic" who promoted dissension. In contrast correct teaching is called sound not only because it builds up in the faith, but because it protects against the corrupting influence of false teachers.

Q1: How many times is it suggested that you should warn people you are in disagreement with before parting ways?
A1: two times
Q2: What term is used to describe an individual in the early Church that introduced discord?
A2: divisive person
Q3: What word is used when speaking of correct teachings in contrast to a false teacher?
A3: sound
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

According to Tony Sclafani from MSNBC, "It's worth noting that before Madonna, most music mega-stars were guy rockers; after her, almost all would be female singers ... When The Beatles hit America, they changed the paradigm of performer from solo act to band. Madonna changed it back—with an emphasis on the female." Howard Kramer, curatorial director of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, asserted that "Madonna and the career she carved out for herself made possible virtually every other female pop singer to follow ... She certainly raised the standards of all of them ... She redefined what the parameters were for female performers." According to Fouz-Hernández, subsequent female singers such as Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, Kylie Minogue, the Spice Girls, Destiny's Child, Jennifer Lopez, and Pink were like her "daughters in the very direct sense that they grew up listening to and admiring Madonna, and decided they wanted to be like her." Time magazine included her in the list of the "25 Most Powerful Women of the Past Century", where she became one of only two singers to be included, alongside Aretha Franklin. She also topped VH1's lists of "100 Greatest Women in Music" and "50 Greatest Women of the Video Era".

Q1: Who changed the dynamics of the singers back to mostly female?
A1: Madonna
Q2: Who is the director of the curator of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum?
A2: Howard Kramer
Q3: A lot of modern pop artist grew up listening to whom?
A3: Madonna,
Q4: Who included Madonna as the most powerful woman of the century?
A4: Time magazine
Q5: Who is the other woman who earned the title?
A5: Aretha Franklin
United_Nations_Population_Fund (Social sciences and society)

According to UNFPA these elements promote the right of "reproductive health", that is physical, mental, and social health in matters related to reproduction and the reproductive system.

Q1: UNFPA lists elements that promote what human right?
A1: reproductive health
Q2: These elements concern health related to reproduction and what else?
A2: the reproductive system
Q3: What is the third element?
A3: social health