LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Christian (Language and literature)

The identification of Jesus as the Messiah is not accepted by Judaism. The term for a Christian in Hebrew is נוּצְרי (Notzri—"Nazarene"), a Talmudic term originally derived from the fact that Jesus came from the Galilean village of Nazareth, today in northern Israel. Adherents of Messianic Judaism are referred to in modern Hebrew as יְהוּדִים מָשִׁיחַיים (Yehudim Meshihi'im—"Messianic Jews").

Q1: Judaism does not believe that Jesus is the what?
A1: Messiah
Q2: What village did Jesus come from?
A2: Galilean village
Q3: Where was the Galilean village?
A3: Nazareth
Q4: Where is Nazareth located?
A4: northern Israel
Hellenistic_period (History)

The identification of local gods with similar Greek deities, a practice termed 'Interpretatio graeca', facilitated the building of Greek-style temples, and the Greek culture in the cities also meant that buildings such as gymnasia and theaters became common. Many cities maintained nominal autonomy while under the rule of the local king or satrap, and often had Greek-style institutions. Greek dedications, statues, architecture and inscriptions have all been found. However, local cultures were not replaced, and mostly went on as before, but now with a new Greco-Macedonian or otherwise Hellenized elite. An example that shows the spread of Greek theater is Plutarch's story of the death of Crassus, in which his head was taken to the Parthian court and used as a prop in a performance of The Bacchae. Theaters have also been found: for example, in Ai-Khanoum on the edge of Bactria, the theater has 35 rows – larger than the theater in Babylon.

Q1: The practice of identifying local gods with Greek deities is called what?
A1: Interpretatio graeca
Q2: Who wrote the story of Crassus?
A2: Plutarch
Q3: Crassus' head is used a prop in what performance?
A3: The Bacchae
Q4: A 35 row theater at the edge of Bactria was found in what region?
A4: Ai-Khanoum
Lighting (Engineering and technology)

The illuminated ceiling was once popular in the 1960s and 1970s but fell out of favor after the 1980s. This uses diffuser panels hung like a suspended ceiling below fluorescent lights, and is considered general lighting. Other forms include neon, which is not usually intended to illuminate anything else, but to actually be an artwork in itself. This would probably fall under accent lighting, though in a dark nightclub it could be considered general lighting.

Q1: When would neon lighting be considered general lighting?
A1: dark nightclub
Q2: What uses diffuser panels below fluorescent lights?
A2: illuminated ceiling
Q3: Normally neon lighting is considered what type of lighting?
A3: accent lighting
Myanmar (Geography and places)

The immediate cause of the riots is unclear, with many commentators citing the killing of ten Burmese Muslims by ethnic Rakhine after the rape and murder of a Rakhine woman as the main cause. Whole villages have been "decimated". Over 300 houses and a number of public buildings have been razed. According to Tun Khin, the president of the Burmese Rohingya Organisation UK (BROUK), as of 28 June 2012, 650 Rohingyas have been killed, 1,200 are missing, and more than 80,000 have been displaced. According to the Myanmar authorities, the violence, between ethnic Rakhine Buddhists and Rohingya Muslims, left 78 people dead, 87 injured, and thousands of homes destroyed. It displaced more than 52,000 people.

Q1: What was believed to be one of the Burma reasons for the unrest in 2012 ?
A1: many commentators citing the killing of ten Burmese Muslims by ethnic Rakhine
Q2: How many are believed to have been uprooted by this unrest ?
A2: It displaced more than 52,000 people
Q3: Who is the president of the BROUK's UK division?
A3: Tun Khin
Q4: How many people where missing after the 2012 Burma civil unrest ?
A4: 1,200 are missing
Franco-Prussian_War (History)

The immediate cause of the war resided in the candidacy of a Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, a Prussian prince, to the throne of Spain. France feared encirclement by an alliance between Prussia and Spain. The Hohenzollern prince's candidacy was withdrawn under French diplomatic pressure, but Otto von Bismarck goaded the French into declaring war by altering a telegram sent by William I. Releasing the Ems Dispatch to the public, Bismarck made it sound as if the king had treated the French envoy in a demeaning fashion, which inflamed public opinion in France.

Q1: In whose cadidacy did the immediate cause of war reside?
A1: Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
Q2: What did France fear by an alliance between Prussia and Spain?
A2: encirclement
Q3: Who goaded the French into war by editing a telegram sent by William I?
A3: Otto von Bismarck
Q4: What was the name of the famous telelgram?
A4: Ems Dispatch
Q5: What was the reaction of the French people to the deceptively crafted offense in the Ems Dispatch?
A5: inflamed public opinion
Crimean_War (History)

The immediate chain of events leading to France and the United Kingdom declaring war on Russia on 27 and 28 March 1854 came from the ambition of the French emperor Napoleon III to restore the grandeur of France. He wanted Catholic support that would come his way if he attacked Eastern Orthodoxy, as sponsored by Russia.:103 The Marquis Charles de La Valette was a zealous Catholic and a leading member of the "clerical party," which demanded French protection of the Roman Catholic rights to the holy places in Palestine. In May 1851, Napoleon appointed La Valette as his ambassador to the Porte (the Ottoman Empire).:7–9 The appointment was made with the intent of forcing the Ottomans to recognise France as the "sovereign authority" over the Christian population.:19 Russia disputed this attempted change in authority. Pointing to two more treaties, one in 1757 and the 1774 Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca, the Ottomans reversed their earlier decision, renouncing the French treaty and insisting that Russia was the protector of the Orthodox Christians in the Ottoman Empire.

Q1: In what year did France and the U.K declare war on Russia?
A1: 1854
Q2: What individual was responsible for France and the U.K declaring war on Russia?
A2: Napoleon III
Q3: Who demanded protection for Roman Catholic rights in sacred places in Palestine?
A3: Charles de La Valette
Q4: Charles de La Valette was a devoted and leading member of what party?
A4: clerical party
Q5: What position did Napoleon III appoint to La Valette?
A5: ambassador to the Porte
Iran (Geography and places)

The immediate nationwide uprisings against the new government began by the 1979 Kurdish rebellion with the Khuzestan uprisings, along with the uprisings in Sistan and Baluchestan Province and other areas. Over the next several years, these uprisings were subdued in a violent manner by the new Islamic government. The new government went about purging itself of the non-Islamist political opposition. Although both nationalists and Marxists had initially joined with Islamists to overthrow the Shah, tens of thousands were executed by the Islamic government afterward.

Q1: The new Iranian government following the Shah's downfall dealt with the Kurdish rebellion in what year?
A1: 1979
Q2: How did the new Iranian government handle the rebellions and uprisings following their rise to power?
A2: in a violent manner
Q3: The new Iranian government purged itself of what political opposition?
A3: non-Islamist
Q4: What happened to the nationalists and Marxists that had helped the Islamic ruling government to depose the Shah?
A4: were executed
MP3 (Engineering and technology)

The immediate predecessors of MP3 were "Optimum Coding in the Frequency Domain" (OCF), and Perceptual Transform Coding (PXFM). These two codecs, along with block-switching contributions from Thomson-Brandt, were merged into a codec called ASPEC, which was submitted to MPEG, and which won the quality competition, but that was mistakenly rejected as too complex to implement. The first practical implementation of an audio perceptual coder (OCF) in hardware (Krasner's hardware was too cumbersome and slow for practical use), was an implementation of a psychoacoustic transform coder based on Motorola 56000 DSP chips.

Q1: What does OCF stand for?
A1: Optimum Coding in the Frequency Domain
Q2: What does PXFM stand for?
A2: Perceptual Transform Coding
Q3: What was the name of the codec that OCF, PFXM and other contributes merged into?
A3: ASPEC
Q4: Which competition did ASPEC win?
A4: quality
Q5: What was the first practical implementation based on?
A5: Motorola 56000 DSP chips
American_Idol (Music)

The impact of American Idol is also strongly felt in musical theatre, where many of Idol alumni have forged successful careers. The striking effect of former American Idol contestants on Broadway has been noted and commented on. The casting of a popular Idol contestant can lead to significantly increased ticket sales. Other alumni have gone on to work in television and films, the most notable being Jennifer Hudson who, on the recommendation of the Idol vocal coach Debra Byrd, won a role in Dreamgirls and subsequently received an Academy Award for her performance.

Q1: Which American Idol contestant won an Oscar for Dreamgirls? 
A1: Jennifer Hudson
Q2: What job does Debra Byrd do on American Idol? 
A2: vocal coach
Q3: In what area of the entertainment industry have some Idol contestants found success?
A3: musical theatre
Q4: Which Idol won an Academy Award?
A4: Jennifer Hudson
Q5: What film did Jennifer Hudson win an Academy Award for?
A5: Dreamgirls
Q6: Who recommended the role for Hudon?
A6: Debra Byrd
Myanmar (Geography and places)

The impact of the post-election reforms has been observed in numerous areas, including ASEAN's approval of Myanmar's bid for the position of ASEAN chair in 2014; the visit by United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in December 2011 for the encouragement of further progress—it was the first visit by a Secretary of State in more than fifty years (Clinton met with the Burmese president and former military commander Thein Sein, as well as opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi); and the participation of Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy (NLD) party in the 2012 by-elections, facilitated by the government's abolition of the laws that previously barred the NLD. As of July 2013, about 100 political prisoners remain imprisoned, while conflict between the Burmese Army and local insurgent groups continues.

Q1: Have the changes in Burmese law been of benefit to the country in international views ? 
A1: approval of Myanmar's bid for the position of ASEAN chair in 2014; the visit by United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton
Q2: Who was the United States Secretary of State who visited Myanmar in 2014?
A2: Secretary of State Hillary Clinton
Q3: How long was the interval between the visits from the United States Secretary of State officials ?
A3: more than fifty years
Q4: What political party does Aung San Suu Kyi belong to ?
A4: National League for Democracy (NLD) party
51st_state (Language and literature)

The implication has historical basis and dates to the breakup of British America during the American Revolution. The colonies that had confederated to form the United States invaded Canada (at the time a term referring specifically to the modern-day provinces of Quebec and Ontario, which had only been in British hands since 1763) at least twice, neither time succeeding in taking control of the territory. The first invasion was during the Revolution, under the assumption that French-speaking Canadians' presumed hostility towards British colonial rule combined with the Franco-American alliance would make them natural allies to the American cause; the Continental Army successfully recruited two Canadian regiments for the invasion. That invasion's failure forced the members of those regiments into exile, and they settled mostly in upstate New York. The Articles of Confederation, written during the Revolution, included a provision for Canada to join the United States, should they ever decide to do so, without needing to seek U.S. permission as other states would. The United States again invaded Canada during the War of 1812, but this effort was made more difficult due to the large number of Loyalist Americans that had fled to what is now Ontario and still resisted joining the republic. The Hunter Patriots in the 1830s and the Fenian raids after the American Civil War were private attacks on Canada from the U.S. Several U.S. politicians in the 19th century also spoke in favour of annexing Canada.

Q1: When did Quebec land in British hands?
A1: 1763
Q2: When did Ontario land in British hands?
A2: 1763
Q3: During which the US invade Canada?
A3: the War of 1812
Q4: What did several US politicians suggest doing in the 19th century?
A4: annexing Canada
Identity_(social_science) (Philosophy and religion)

The implications are multiple as various research traditions are now[when?] heavily utilizing the lens of identity to examine phenomena.[citation needed] One implication of identity and of identity construction can be seen in occupational settings. This becomes increasing challenging in stigmatized jobs or "dirty work" (Hughes, 1951). Tracy and Trethewey (2005) state that "individuals gravitate toward and turn away from particular jobs depending in part, on the extent to which they validate a "preferred organizational self" (Tracy & Tretheway 2005, p. 169). Some jobs carry different stigmas or acclaims. In her analysis Tracy uses the example of correctional officers trying to shake the stigma of "glorified maids" (Tracy & Tretheway 2005). "The process by which people arrive at justifications of and values for various occupational choices." Among these are workplace satisfaction and overall quality of life (Tracy & Scott 2006, p. 33). People in these types of jobs are forced to find ways in order to create an identity they can live with. "Crafting a positive sense of self at work is more challenging when one's work is considered "dirty" by societal standards" (Tracy & Scott 2006, p. 7). "In other words, doing taint management is not just about allowing the employee to feel good in that job. "If employees must navigate discourses that question the viability of their work, and/ or experience obstacles in managing taint through transforming dirty work into a badge of honor, it is likely they will find blaming the client to be an efficacious route in affirming their identity" (Tracy & Scott 2006, p. 33).

Q1: Various research traditions are using what lens to examine phenomena?
A1: the lens of identity
Q2: What stigma do correctional officers have to deal with?
A2: glorified maids
Q3: The implications of identity and identity construction are discussed in what settings?
A3: occupational settings
Q4: What are people in stigmatized jobs forced to create?
A4: an identity they can live with
Q5: What are the two examples give for justifications and values for occupational choices?
A5: workplace satisfaction and overall quality of life
Southampton (Geography and places)

The importance of Southampton to the cruise industry was indicated by P&O Cruises's 175th anniversary celebrations, which included all seven of the company's liners visiting Southampton in a single day. Adonia, Arcadia, Aurora, Azura, Oceana, Oriana and Ventura all left the city in a procession on 3 July 2012.

Q1: What cruise line celebrated a landmark anniversary in Southampton in July of 2012?
A1: P&O Cruises
Q2: Which anniversary did P&O celebrate in Southampton?
A2: 175th
Q3: How many P&O liners visited Southampton on the day of the 175th anniversary celebrations?
A3: seven
Q4: Which of the seven P&O cruise liners has a name that begins with "V"?
A4: Ventura
Q5: Along with the Oriana, what's the other P&O liner with a name that starts with the same letter?
A5: Oceana
Middle_Ages (History)

The importance of infantry and light cavalry began to decline during the early Carolingian period, with a growing dominance of elite heavy cavalry. The use of militia-type levies of the free population declined over the Carolingian period. Although much of the Carolingian armies were mounted, a large proportion during the early period appear to have been mounted infantry, rather than true cavalry. One exception was Anglo-Saxon England, where the armies were still composed of regional levies, known as the fyrd, which were led by the local elites. In military technology, one of the main changes was the return of the crossbow, which had been known in Roman times and reappeared as a military weapon during the last part of the Early Middle Ages. Another change was the introduction of the stirrup, which increased the effectiveness of cavalry as shock troops. A technological advance that had implications beyond the military was the horseshoe, which allowed horses to be used in rocky terrain.

Q1: The importance of what military arm increased during the Carolingian era?
A1: heavy cavalry
Q2: What region raised a militia army called the fyrd?
A2: Anglo-Saxon England
Q3: What Roman weapon began to be used again in the Early Middle Ages?
A3: the crossbow
Q4: Along with the horseshoe, what invention important for cavalry emerged in this period?
A4: the stirrup
Q5: Along with light cavalry, what military arm declined in importance during the Early Middle Ages?
A5: infantry
History_of_science (History)

The important legacy of this period included substantial advances in factual knowledge, especially in anatomy, zoology, botany, mineralogy, geography, mathematics and astronomy; an awareness of the importance of certain scientific problems, especially those related to the problem of change and its causes; and a recognition of the methodological importance of applying mathematics to natural phenomena and of undertaking empirical research. In the Hellenistic age scholars frequently employed the principles developed in earlier Greek thought: the application of mathematics and deliberate empirical research, in their scientific investigations. Thus, clear unbroken lines of influence lead from ancient Greek and Hellenistic philosophers, to medieval Muslim philosophers and scientists, to the European Renaissance and Enlightenment, to the secular sciences of the modern day. Neither reason nor inquiry began with the Ancient Greeks, but the Socratic method did, along with the idea of Forms, great advances in geometry, logic, and the natural sciences. According to Benjamin Farrington, former Professor of Classics at Swansea University:

Q1: Anatomy, zoology, geography, and studies like them are considered what?
A1: factual knowledge
Q2: What era utilized Greek theories?
A2: the Hellenistic age
Q3: What scientific theory was created by the Greeks?
A3: the Socratic method
Q4: Who employed logic, geometry, and natural sciences?
A4: the Ancient Greeks
Q5: Greek thought is predominately applying mathematics and what other method?
A5: deliberate empirical research
Saint_Helena (Geography and places)

The importation of slaves was made illegal in 1792. Governor Robert Patton (1802–1807) recommended that the company import Chinese labour to supplement the rural workforce. The coolie labourers arrived in 1810, and their numbers reached 600 by 1818. Many were allowed to stay, and their descendents became integrated into the population. An 1814 census recorded 3,507 people on the island.

Q1: What was made illegal in 1792?
A1: importation of slaves
Q2: What year did Coolie labourers arrive?
A2: 1810
Q3: How many coolie labourers were on the island by 1818?
A3: 600
Q4: What was the population of the island in 1814?
A4: 3,507
Religion_in_ancient_Rome (History)

The impressive, costly, and centralised rites to the deities of the Roman state were vastly outnumbered in everyday life by commonplace religious observances pertaining to an individual's domestic and personal deities, the patron divinities of Rome's various neighborhoods and communities, and the often idiosyncratic blends of official, unofficial, local and personal cults that characterised lawful Roman religion. In this spirit, a provincial Roman citizen who made the long journey from Bordeaux to Italy to consult the Sibyl at Tibur did not neglect his devotion to his own goddess from home:

Q1: What type of religious practices outnumbered the state observances?
A1: commonplace
Q2: To what did the mixture of official and individual religious practices  pertain? 
A2: lawful Roman
Q3: What were the characteristics of state religious observances?
A3: impressive, costly, and centralised
Q4: Who made the choices of personal religious practices in Rome? 
A4: individual
Q5: What type of deities did Roman communities have?
A5: patron
Renewable_energy_commercialization (Engineering and technology)

The incentive to use 100% renewable energy, for electricity, transport, or even total primary energy supply globally, has been motivated by global warming and other ecological as well as economic concerns. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has said that there are few fundamental technological limits to integrating a portfolio of renewable energy technologies to meet most of total global energy demand. In reviewing 164 recent scenarios of future renewable energy growth, the report noted that the majority expected renewable sources to supply more than 17% of total energy by 2030, and 27% by 2050; the highest forecast projected 43% supplied by renewables by 2030 and 77% by 2050. Renewable energy use has grown much faster than even advocates anticipated. At the national level, at least 30 nations around the world already have renewable energy contributing more than 20% of energy supply. Also, Professors S. Pacala and Robert H. Socolow have developed a series of "stabilization wedges" that can allow us to maintain our quality of life while avoiding catastrophic climate change, and "renewable energy sources," in aggregate, constitute the largest number of their "wedges."

Q1: What motivated the incentive to use 100 percent renewable energy?
A1: global warming
Q2: How many nations already have renewable energy contributing to more than 20 percent of energy supply?
A2: at least 30 nations
Q3: Who developed a series of stabilization wedges?
A3: Professors S. Pacala and Robert H. Socolow
Identity_(social_science) (Philosophy and religion)

The inclusiveness of Weinreich's definition (above) directs attention to the totality of one's identity at a given phase in time, and assists in elucidating component aspects of one's total identity, such as one's gender identity, ethnic identity, occupational identity and so on. The definition readily applies to the young child, to the adolescent, to the young adult, and to the older adult in various phases of the life cycle. Depending on whether one is a young child or an adult at the height of one's powers, how one construes oneself as one was in the past will refer to very different salient experiential markers. Likewise, how one construes oneself as one aspires to be in the future will differ considerably according to one's age and accumulated experiences. (Weinreich & Saunderson, (eds) 2003, pp 26–34).

Q1: What are gender identity, ethnic identity, and occupational identity aspects of?
A1: one's total identity
Q2: How one construes oneself now and in the future differs considerably because of what 2 things?
A2: age and accumulated experiences
Q3: The young child, the adolescent, the young adult and the older adult are phases of what?
A3: the life cycle
Q4: The salient experiential markers one uses to define one's past self differ based on the age that one was at what?
A4: the height of one's powers