LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Political_party (Social sciences and society)

Although the Tories were dismissed from office for half a century, for most of this period (at first under the leadership of Sir William Wyndham), the Tories retained party cohesion, with occasional hopes of regaining office, particularly at the accession of George II (1727) and the downfall of the ministry of Sir Robert Walpole in 1742. They acted as a united, though unavailing, opposition to Whig corruption and scandals. At times they cooperated with the "Opposition Whigs", Whigs who were in opposition to the Whig government; however, the ideological gap between the Tories and the Opposition Whigs prevented them from coalescing as a single party. They finally regained power with the accession of George III in 1760 under Lord Bute.

Q1: Who did the Tories oppose?
A1: Whigs
Q2: Who did the Tories occasionally cooperate with?
A2: the "Opposition Whigs"
Q3: When did the Tories regain power?
A3: 1760
Q4: For how long were the Tories dismissed from office?
A4: half a century
Q5: Why could the Tories and the Opposition Whigs never form a single party?
A5: ideological gap
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States (Language and literature)

Although the United States has no de jure official language, English is the dominant language of business, education, government, religion, media, culture, civil society, and the public sphere. Virtually all state and federal government agencies and large corporations use English as their internal working language, especially at the management level. Some states, such as New Mexico, provide bilingual legislated notices and official documents, in Spanish and English, and other commonly used languages. By 2015, there was a trend that most Americans and American residents who are of Hispanic descent speak only English in the home.

Q1: What language is spoken in the U.S.A?
A1: English is the dominant language of business, education, government, religion, media, culture, civil society, and the public sphere.
Q2: Is there such a thing as bilingual state?
A2: Some states, such as New Mexico, provide bilingual legislated notices and official documents
Q3: Do American Hispanics speak English in the home?
A3: there was a trend that most Americans and American residents who are of Hispanic descent speak only English in the home.
Q4: Is there an official language of the United States?
A4: United States has no de jure official language, English is the dominant language
Pacific_War (History)

Although the advance in the Arakan had been halted to release troops and aircraft for the Battle of Imphal, the Americans and Chinese had continued to advance in northern Burma, aided by the Chindits operating against the Japanese lines of communication. In the middle of 1944 the Chinese Expeditionary Force invaded northern Burma from Yunnan province. They captured a fortified position at Mount Song. By the time campaigning ceased during the monsoon rains, the NCAC had secured a vital airfield at Myitkyina (August 1944), which eased the problems of air resupply from India to China over "The Hump".

Q1: What battle was the advance in the Arakan halted to release troops for?
A1: Battle of Imphal
Q2: Who aided the Americans and Chinese during the advance in northern Burma?
A2: Chindits
Q3: When did the Chinese invade northern Burma?
A3: middle of 1944
Q4: What fortified position was captured by the Chinese Expeditionary Force?
A4: Mount Song
Q5: What airfield was taken by the NCAC in August, 1944?
A5: Myitkyina
Glass (Art and architecture)

Although the atomic structure of glass shares characteristics of the structure in a supercooled liquid, glass tends to behave as a solid below its glass transition temperature. A supercooled liquid behaves as a liquid, but it is below the freezing point of the material, and in some cases will crystallize almost instantly if a crystal is added as a core. The change in heat capacity at a glass transition and a melting transition of comparable materials are typically of the same order of magnitude, indicating that the change in active degrees of freedom is comparable as well. Both in a glass and in a crystal it is mostly only the vibrational degrees of freedom that remain active, whereas rotational and translational motion is arrested. This helps to explain why both crystalline and non-crystalline solids exhibit rigidity on most experimental time scales.

Q1: Atomically, glass is similar to what?
A1: a supercooled liquid
Q2: What acts like a liquid but is under the freezing temperature?
A2: A supercooled liquid
Q3: Despite its atomic structure, cooled glass acts like what?
A3: a solid
Q4: In cooled glass, what types of movement stop?
A4: rotational and translational
Pacific_War (History)

Although the campaign was criticized in Australia at the time, and in subsequent years, as pointless or a "waste" of the lives of soldiers, it did achieve a number of objectives, such as increasing the isolation of significant Japanese forces occupying the main part of the Dutch East Indies, capturing major oil supplies and freeing Allied prisoners of war, who were being held in deteriorating conditions. At one of the very worst sites, around Sandakan in Borneo, only six of some 2,500 British and Australian prisoners survived.

Q1: How many British and Australian prisoners survived out of about 2500 around Sandakan?
A1: six
Q2: Sandakan was located in what providence?
A2: Borneo
Hyderabad (Geography and places)

Although the city is not particularly noted for theatre and drama, the state government promotes theatre with multiple programmes and festivals in such venues as the Ravindra Bharati, Shilpakala Vedika and Lalithakala Thoranam. Although not a purely music oriented event, Numaish, a popular annual exhibition of local and national consumer products, does feature some musical performances. The city is home to the Telugu film industry, popularly known as Tollywood and as of 2012[update], produces the second largest number of films in India behind Bollywood. Films in the local Hyderabadi dialect are also produced and have been gaining popularity since 2005. The city has also hosted international film festivals such as the International Children's Film Festival and the Hyderabad International Film Festival. In 2005, Guinness World Records declared Ramoji Film City to be the world's largest film studio.

Q1: What type of art might one encounter at Lalithakala Thoranam?
A1: theatre and drama
Q2: What is Numaish?
A2: annual exhibition of local and national consumer products
Q3: What is a popular name for the Telugu film industry?
A3: Tollywood
Q4: Where was the Telugu film industry ranked in 2012 in India in comparison to Bollywood?
A4: second largest
Q5: What did Guinness World Records say of Ramoji Film City was in 20015?
A5: world's largest film studio
Charleston,_South_Carolina (Geography and places)

Although the city lost the status of state capital to Columbia in 1786, Charleston became even more prosperous in the plantation-dominated economy of the post-Revolutionary years. The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 revolutionized the processing of this crop, making short-staple cotton profitable. It was more easily grown in the upland areas, and cotton quickly became South Carolina's major export commodity. The Piedmont region was developed into cotton plantations, to which the sea islands and Lowcountry were already devoted. Slaves were also the primary labor force within the city, working as domestics, artisans, market workers, and laborers.

Q1: What city became the state capital of South Carolina?
A1: Columbia
Q2: Charleston was the state capital of South Carolina until what year?
A2: 1786
Q3: In what year was the cotton gin invented?
A3: 1793
Q4: What became South Carolina's major export commodity after 1793?
A4: cotton
Q5: Who made up most of the primary labor force of cotton plantations? 
A5: Slaves
Immaculate_Conception (Philosophy and religion)

Although the doctrine of Mary's Immaculate Conception appears only later among Latin (and particularly Frankish) theologians, it became ever more manifest among Byzantine theologians reliant on Gregory Nazianzen's Mariology in the Medieval or Byzantine East. Although hymnographers and scholars, like the Emperor Justinian I, were accustomed to call Mary "prepurified" in their poetic and credal statements, the first point of departure for more fully commenting on Nazianzen's meaning occurs in Sophronius of Jerusalem. In other places Sophronius explains that the Theotokos was already immaculate, when she was "purified" at the Annunciation and goes so far as to note that John the Baptist is literally "holier than all 'Men' born of woman" since Mary's surpassing holiness signifies that she was holier than even John after his sanctification in utero. Sophronius' teaching is augmented and incorporated by St. John Damascene (d. 749/750). John, besides many passages wherein he extolls the Theotokos for her purification at the Annunciation, grants her the unique honor of "purifying the waters of baptism by touching them." This honor was most famously and firstly attributed to Christ, especially in the legacy of Nazianzen. As such, Nazianzen's assertion of parallel holiness between the prepurified Mary and purified Jesus of the New Testament is made even more explicit in Damascene in his discourse on Mary's holiness to also imitate Christ's baptism at the Jordan. The Damascene's hymnongraphy and De fide Orthodoxa explicitly use Mary's "pre purification" as a key to understanding her absolute holiness and unsullied human nature. In fact, Damascene (along with Nazianzen) serves as the source for nearly all subsequent promotion of Mary's complete holiness from her Conception by the "all pure seed" of Joachim and the womb "wider than heaven" of St. Ann.

Q1: Where did the majority of the concepts of Mary's birth show themselves the most ?
A1: Mary's Immaculate Conception appears only later among Latin (and particularly Frankish) theologians
Q2: What Byzantine Ruler ho ruled from from 527 to 565 was also a well trained thinker of concepts ?
A2: Emperor Justinian I,
Q3: In what way did this Ruler refer to Mary  in his writings ?
A3: to call Mary "prepurified"
Q4: What event happened to Theotokos that was of significant religious note ?
A4: she was "purified" at the Annunciation
Q5: How did some view the the person whose name includes a Christian rite of passage from the Bible? 
A5: holier than all 'Men' born of woman
Federalism (History)

Although the drafts of both the Maastricht treaty and the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe mentioned federalism, the representatives of the member countries (all of whom would have had to agree to use of the term) never formally adopted it. The strongest advocates of European federalism have been Germany, Italy, Belgium and Luxembourg while those historically most strongly opposed have been the United Kingdom, Denmark and France (with conservative presidents and governments). Since the presidency of François Mitterrand (1981-1995), the French authorities have adopted a much more pro-European Unification position, as they consider that a strong EU is presenting the best "insurance" against a unified Germany which might become too strong and thus a threat for its neighbours.

Q1: Who is the strongest advocate of the European Federalism?
A1: Germany, Italy, Belgium and Luxembourg
Q2: Who opposed the European Federalism? 
A2: United Kingdom, Denmark and France
Q3: When did the French authorities adopted the pro-European Unification position? 
A3: Since the presidency of François Mitterrand (1981-1995
Great_Plains (History)

Although the eastern image of farm life in the prairies emphasized the isolation of the lonely farmer and wife, plains residents created busy social lives for themselves. They often sponsored activities that combined work, food and entertainment such as barn raisings, corn huskings, quilting bees, Grange meetings, church activities and school functions. Women organized shared meals and potluck events, as well as extended visits between families. The Grange was a nationwide farmers' organization, they reserved high offices for women, and gave them a voice in public affairs.

Q1: who usually organized shared meals and potluck events?
A1: Women
Alloy (Mathematics)

Although the elements usually must be soluble in the liquid state, they may not always be soluble in the solid state. If the metals remain soluble when solid, the alloy forms a solid solution, becoming a homogeneous structure consisting of identical crystals, called a phase. If the mixture cools and the constituents become insoluble, they may separate to form two or more different types of crystals, creating a heterogeneous microstructure of different phases. However, in other alloys, the insoluble elements may not separate until after crystallization occurs. These alloys are called intermetallic alloys because, if cooled very quickly, they first crystallize as a homogeneous phase, but they are supersaturated with the secondary constituents. As time passes, the atoms of these supersaturated alloys separate within the crystals, forming intermetallic phases that serve to reinforce the crystals internally.

Q1: What causes an alloy to form a solid solution?
A1: If the metals remain soluble when solid
Q2: What is the purpose of intermetallic phases?
A2: to reinforce the crystals internally
Q3: What are alloys called when the insoluble elements don't separate until after crystallization occurs?
A3: intermetallic alloys
Galicia_(Spain) (Geography and places)

Although the etymology of the name has been studied since the 7th century by authors like Isidore of Seville —who wrote that "Galicians are called so, because of their fair skin, as the Gauls", relating the name to the Greek word for milk—, currently scholars derive the name of the ancient Callaeci either from Proto-Indo-European *kal-n-eH2 'hill', through a local relational suffix -aik-, so meaning 'the hill (people)'; or either from Proto-Celtic *kallī- 'forest', so meaning 'the forest (people)'. In any case, Galicia, being per se a derivation of the ethnic name Kallaikói, would mean 'the land of the Galicians'.

Q1: Which author wrote that "Galicians are called so, because of their fair skin, as the Gauls"?
A1: Isidore
Q2: Which original ethnic name is "Galicia" derived from?
A2: Kallaikói
Q3: What does Galicia's name mean?
A3: the land of the Galicians
Age_of_Enlightenment (Philosophy and religion)

Although the existence of dictionaries and encyclopedias spanned into ancient times, the texts changed from simply defining words in a long running list to far more detailed discussions of those words in 18th-century encyclopedic dictionaries. The works were part of an Enlightenment movement to systematize knowledge and provide education to a wider audience than the elite. As the 18th century progressed, the content of encyclopedias also changed according to readers' tastes. Volumes tended to focus more strongly on secular affairs, particularly science and technology, rather than matters of theology.

Q1: How did dictionaries and encyclopedias change in the 18th century?
A1: from simply defining words in a long running list to far more detailed discussions of those words
Q2: What movement were dictionaries and encyclopedias trying to promote?
A2: to systematize knowledge and provide education to a wider audience than the elite
Q3: How did the content of encyclopedias change in the 18th century?
A3: tended to focus more strongly on secular affairs, particularly science and technology, rather than matters of theology
Q4: Encyclopedias in the 18th century tended to focus more strongly on what topics, rather than theology?
A4: secular affairs, particularly science and technology
Anti-aircraft_warfare (Warfare)

Although the firearms used by the infantry, particularly machine guns, can be used to engage low altitude air targets, on occasion with notable success, their effectiveness is generally limited and the muzzle flashes reveal infantry positions. Speed and altitude of modern jet aircraft limit target opportunities, and critical systems may be armored in aircraft designed for the ground attack role. Adaptations of the standard autocannon, originally intended for air-to-ground use, and heavier artillery systems were commonly used for most anti-aircraft gunnery, starting with standard pieces on new mountings, and evolving to specially designed guns with much higher performance prior to World War II.

Q1: What did the muzzle flashes of the firearms used by the infantry reveal?
A1: infantry positions
Q2: Along with speed of the modern jet, what else limits target opportunities?
A2: altitude
Q3: Heavier artillery systems were typically used for what?
A3: most anti-aircraft gunnery
LaserDisc (Engineering and technology)

Although the format was capable of offering higher-quality video and audio than its consumer rivals, the VHS and Betamax videocassette systems, LaserDisc never managed to gain widespread use in North America, largely due to high costs for the players and video titles themselves and the inability to record TV programming. It also remained a largely obscure format in Europe and Australia. By contrast, the format was much more popular in Japan and in the more affluent regions of Southeast Asia, such as Hong Kong, Singapore, and Malaysia, being the prevalent rental video medium in Hong Kong during the 1990s. Its superior video and audio quality did make it a somewhat popular choice among videophiles and film enthusiasts during its lifespan.

Q1: Did LaserDisks offer higher or lower quality sound and picture than VHS?
A1: higher-quality
Q2: Why didn't LaserDisk gain popularity in North America?
A2: high costs for the players and video titles themselves and the inability to record TV programming
Q3: With whom was LaserDisk a popular choice for it's picture and sound quality?
A3: videophiles and film enthusiasts
Q4: In what city was LaserDisk used as a popular rental medium in the 1990s?
A4: Hong Kong
Saint_Helena (Geography and places)

Although the importation of slaves to St Helena had been banned in 1792, the phased emancipation of over 800 resident slaves did not take place until 1827, which was still some six years before the British Parliament passed legislation to ban slavery in the colonies.

Q1: When was importation of slaves banned in Saint Helena?
A1: 1792
Q2: The emancipation of the slaves of Saint Helena did not take place until what year?
A2: 1827
Q3: Who banned slavery in their colonies?
A3: British Parliament
Q4: Over how many slaves ended up getting emancipated on Saint Helena?
A4: 800
University (Language and literature)

Although the initial focus of the humanist scholars in the university was the discovery, exposition and insertion of ancient texts and languages into the university, and the ideas of those texts into society generally, their influence was ultimately quite progressive. The emergence of classical texts brought new ideas and led to a more creative university climate (as the notable list of scholars above attests to). A focus on knowledge coming from self, from the human, has a direct implication for new forms of scholarship and instruction, and was the foundation for what is commonly known as the humanities. This disposition toward knowledge manifested in not simply the translation and propagation of ancient texts, but also their adaptation and expansion. For instance, Vesalius was imperative for advocating the use of Galen, but he also invigorated this text with experimentation, disagreements and further research. The propagation of these texts, especially within the universities, was greatly aided by the emergence of the printing press and the beginning of the use of the vernacular, which allowed for the printing of relatively large texts at reasonable prices.

Q1: Discovery and exposition were examples of the focus of what type of university scholar?
A1: humanist
Q2: A concentration on the study of the self resulted in what field of study?
A2: the humanities
Q3: What work did Vesalius push the study of?
A3: Galen
Q4: What spread the use of texts by Galen within universities?
A4: the printing press
The_Blitz (History)

Although the intensity of the bombing was not as great as prewar expectations so an equal comparison is impossible, no psychiatric crisis occurred because of the Blitz even during the period of greatest bombing of September 1940. An American witness wrote "By every test and measure I am able to apply, these people are staunch to the bone and won't quit ... the British are stronger and in a better position than they were at its beginning". People referred to raids as if they were weather, stating that a day was "very blitzy".:75,261 However, another American who visited Britain, the publisher Ralph Ingersoll, wrote soon after the Blitz eased on 15 September that:

Q1: With the intense bomb what did not happen as great as prewar predictions expected?
A1: psychiatric crisis
Q2: What witness wrote that these people are staunch to the bone and won't quit?
A2: American
Q3: People called the raids very blitzy like they were talking about what?
A3: weather
London (Geography and places)

Although the majority of journeys involving central London are made by public transport, car travel is common in the suburbs. The inner ring road (around the city centre), the North and South Circular roads (in the suburbs), and the outer orbital motorway (the M25, outside the built-up area) encircle the city and are intersected by a number of busy radial routes—but very few motorways penetrate into inner London. A plan for a comprehensive network of motorways throughout the city (the Ringways Plan) was prepared in the 1960s but was mostly cancelled in the early 1970s. The M25 is the longest ring-road motorway in the world at 121.5 mi (195.5 km) long. The A1 and M1 connect London to Leeds, and Newcastle and Edinburgh.

Q1: What type of roadway is widely recognizable in the center of London?
A1: The inner ring road
Q2: What failed plan to install a major network of roadways within the City of London were eventually scrapped in the 1970s?
A2: the Ringways Plan
Q3: London is connected to Leeds, Newcastle, and Edinburgh through what motorways?
A3: The A1 and M1
Q4: How long is the M25 motorway?
A4: 121.5 mi (195.5 km)
Q5: Automobile transportation is primarily used in what areas of London?
A5: the suburbs
Pub (History)

Although the new licensing laws prevented new beer houses from being created, those already in existence were allowed to continue and many did not close until nearly the end of the 19th century. A very small number remained into the 21st century. The vast majority of the beer houses applied for the new licences and became full pubs. These usually small establishments can still be identified in many towns, seemingly oddly located in the middle of otherwise terraced housing part way up a street, unlike purpose-built pubs that are usually found on corners or road junctions. Many of today's respected real ale micro-brewers in the UK started as home based Beer House brewers under the 1830 Act.

Q1: What establishments did beer houses become after buying an additional license?
A1: pubs
Q2: By the end of what century were most beer houses closed?
A2: 19th
Q3: Where are purpose-built pubs typically located?
A3: corners or road junctions
Q4: What modern brewers often first began as beer houses?
A4: real ale micro-brewers