LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Somalis (Geography and places)

Ancient rock paintings in Somalia which date back to 5000 years have been found in the northern part of the country, depicting early life in the territory. The most famous of these is the Laas Geel complex, which contains some of the earliest known rock art on the African continent and features many elaborate pastoralist sketches of animal and human figures. In other places, such as the northern Dhambalin region, a depiction of a man on a horse is postulated as being one of the earliest known examples of a mounted huntsman.

Q1: How long ago were rock paintings found in Somalia created?
A1: 5000 years
Q2: Where are the most notable rock paintings located?
A2: the Laas Geel complex
Q3: Along with animals, what is depicted on the rock paintings of Laas Geel?
A3: human figures
Q4: Where does a notable rock painting of a man on horseback exist?
A4: the northern Dhambalin region
Q5: In what geographic part of Somalia are these rock paintings commonly found?
A5: northern
Gregorian_calendar (Mathematics)

Ancient tables provided the sun's mean longitude. Christopher Clavius, the architect of the Gregorian calendar, noted that the tables agreed neither on the time when the sun passed through the vernal equinox nor on the length of the mean tropical year. Tycho Brahe also noticed discrepancies. The Gregorian leap year rule (97 leap years in 400 years) was put forward by Petrus Pitatus of Verona in 1560. He noted that it is consistent with the tropical year of the Alfonsine tables and with the mean tropical year of Copernicus (De revolutionibus) and Reinhold (Prutenic tables). The three mean tropical years in Babylonian sexagesimals as the excess over 365 days (the way they would have been extracted from the tables of mean longitude) were 14,33,9,57 (Alphonsine), 14,33,11,12 (Copernicus) and 14,33,9,24 (Reinhold). All values are the same to two places (14:33) and this is also the mean length of the Gregorian year. Thus Pitatus' solution would have commended itself to the astronomers.

Q1: Who was the architect of the Gregorian calendar?
A1: Christopher Clavius
Q2: What did the architects of the calendar notice about the astronomical tables?
A2: discrepancies
Q3: Whose solution to the discrepancies of the tables would have been agreeable to astronomers?
A3: Petrus Pitatus
Q4: When did Pitatus offer his solution to the leap year problem?
A4: 1560
Q5: What is the theory about leap year called?
A5: Gregorian leap year rule
Sexual_orientation (Natural sciences)

Androphilia and gynephilia (or gynecophilia) are terms used in behavioral science to describe sexual attraction, as an alternative to a homosexual and heterosexual conceptualization. They are used for identifying a subject's object of attraction without attributing a sex assignment or gender identity to the subject. Related terms such as pansexual and polysexual do not make any such assignations to the subject. People may also use terms such as queer, pansensual, polyfidelitous, ambisexual, or personalized identities such as byke or biphilic.

Q1: What science terms are used to describe sexual attraction?
A1: Androphilia and gynephilia
Q2: These terms are an alternative to what conceptualization?
A2: to a homosexual and heterosexual conceptualization
Q3: What are these terms not attributing to the subject/person being described?
A3: a sex assignment or gender identity
Q4: What are other terms that do not make similar assignments?
A4: pansexual and polysexual
Q5: What are other terms used in the same vein as pansexual?
A5: queer, pansensual, polyfidelitous, ambisexual
Q6: Which terms are used in describing sexual desires?
A6: Androphilia and gynephilia (or gynecophilia
Q7: What are two other words for androphilia and gynephlia?
A7: homosexual and heterosexual
Q8: What are the terms androphilia and gynephial use for?
A8: identifying a subject's object of attraction without attributing a sex assignment or gender identity to the subject
Q9: What are other common words that people may use for homosexual and heterosexual people?
A9: queer, pansensual, polyfidelitous, ambisexual, or personalized identities such as byke or biphilic.
Dwight_D._Eisenhower (History)

Angels in the Outfield was Eisenhower's favorite movie. His favorite reading material for relaxation were the Western novels of Zane Grey. With his excellent memory and ability to focus, Eisenhower was skilled at card games. He learned poker, which he called his "favorite indoor sport," in Abilene. Eisenhower recorded West Point classmates' poker losses for payment after graduation, and later stopped playing because his opponents resented having to pay him. A classmate reported that after learning to play contract bridge at West Point, Eisenhower played the game six nights a week for five months.

Q1: What was Eisenhower's favorite film?
A1: Angels in the Outfield
Q2: Who was Eisenhower's favorite author?
A2: Zane Grey
Q3: What genre did Zane Grey write in?
A3: Western
Q4: Where did Eisenhower learn to play poker?
A4: Abilene
Q5: At West Point, what game did Eisenhower play six nights a week for five months?
A5: contract bridge
Protestantism (Philosophy and religion)

Anglicanism comprises the Church of England and churches which are historically tied to it or hold similar beliefs, worship practices and church structures. The word Anglican originates in ecclesia anglicana, a medieval Latin phrase dating to at least 1246 that means the English Church. There is no single "Anglican Church" with universal juridical authority, since each national or regional church has full autonomy. As the name suggests, the communion is an association of churches in full communion with the Archbishop of Canterbury. The great majority of Anglicans are members of churches which are part of the international Anglican Communion, which has 80 million adherents.

Q1: What does Anglican mean?
A1: the English Church
Q2: When did the word Anglican begin?
A2: 1246
Q3: Who do the Anglican churches have communion with?
A3: the Archbishop of Canterbury
Q4: How many Anglican Communion members are there in the world?
A4: 80 million
Q5: What power does each national or regional church possess?
A5: full autonomy
British_Isles (Geography and places)

Anglo-Saxons arrived as Roman power waned in the 5th century AD. Initially, their arrival seems to have been at the invitation of the Britons as mercenaries to repulse incursions by the Hiberni and Picts. In time, Anglo-Saxon demands on the British became so great that they came to culturally dominate the bulk of southern Great Britain, though recent genetic evidence suggests Britons still formed the bulk of the population. This dominance creating what is now England and leaving culturally British enclaves only in the north of what is now England, in Cornwall and what is now known as Wales. Ireland had been unaffected by the Romans except, significantly, having been Christianised, traditionally by the Romano-Briton, Saint Patrick. As Europe, including Britain, descended into turmoil following the collapse of Roman civilisation, an era known as the Dark Ages, Ireland entered a golden age and responded with missions (first to Great Britain and then to the continent), the founding of monasteries and universities. These were later joined by Anglo-Saxon missions of a similar nature.

Q1: Which people arrived in the British Isles when the Roman Empire's power was diminishing?
A1: Anglo-Saxons
Q2: What area did the Anglo-Saxons begin to dominate in the British Isles?
A2: southern Great Britain
Q3: What happened to the British Isles and Europe after the Roman Empire ended?
A3: the Dark Ages
Q4: What era did Ireland enter when the Roman Empire ended?
A4: golden age
Q5: What did the Irish build during the Golden Age?
A5: monasteries and universities
Nutrition (Agriculture, food, and drink)

Animal intestines contain a large population of gut flora. In humans, the four dominant phyla are Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. They are essential to digestion and are also affected by food that is consumed. Bacteria in the gut perform many important functions for humans, including breaking down and aiding in the absorption of otherwise indigestible food; stimulating cell growth; repressing the growth of harmful bacteria, training the immune system to respond only to pathogens; producing vitamin B12; and defending against some infectious diseases.

Q1: Where could one find a large population of gut flora?
A1: Animal intestines
Q2: What term collectively describes "Firmicutes" and "Bacteroidetes" among others?
A2: phyla
Q3: What is the importance of having phyla in the body?
A3: essential to digestion
Q4: What role specifically in digestion do bacteria in the gut have?
A4: breaking down and aiding in the absorption of otherwise indigestible food
Q5: Which vitamin are the bacteria present in the gut responsible for producing?
A5: vitamin B12
Nutrition (Agriculture, food, and drink)

Animal tissue consists of elements and compounds ingested, digested, absorbed, and circulated through the bloodstream to feed the cells of the body. Except in the unborn fetus, the digestive system is the first system involved[vague]. Digestive juices break chemical bonds in ingested molecules, and modify their conformations and energy states. Though some molecules are absorbed into the bloodstream unchanged, digestive processes release them from the matrix of foods. Unabsorbed matter, along with some waste products of metabolism, is eliminated from the body in the feces.

Q1: Through what part of the body are nutrients transported to feed cells?
A1: bloodstream
Q2: In which specific circumstance is the digestive system not the first system involved in nutrient processing?
A2: unborn fetus
Q3: What is able to break bonds in ingested molecules?
A3: Digestive juices
Q4: Molecules that are released from ingested foods are done so through which process?
A4: digestive processes
Q5: Through which manner are unabsorbed matter and waste products excreted?
A5: feces
Flowering_plant (Natural sciences)

Animals are also involved in the distribution of seeds. Fruit, which is formed by the enlargement of flower parts, is frequently a seed-dispersal tool that attracts animals to eat or otherwise disturb it, incidentally scattering the seeds it contains (see frugivory). Although many such mutualistic relationships remain too fragile to survive competition and to spread widely, flowering proved to be an unusually effective means of reproduction, spreading (whatever its origin) to become the dominant form of land plant life.

Q1: What are animals also a part of?
A1: distribution of seeds
Q2: What did the enlargement of flower parts evolve to form?
A2: Fruit
Q3: What does a plant get out of forming fruit?
A3: seed-dispersal
Q4: What are many mutualistic relationships, thus failing to survive competition? 
A4: fragile
Q5: What turned out to be unusually effective for plants to reproduce?
A5: flowering
Animal (Natural sciences)

Animals are generally considered to have evolved from a flagellated eukaryote. Their closest known living relatives are the choanoflagellates, collared flagellates that have a morphology similar to the choanocytes of certain sponges. Molecular studies place animals in a supergroup called the opisthokonts, which also include the choanoflagellates, fungi and a few small parasitic protists. The name comes from the posterior location of the flagellum in motile cells, such as most animal spermatozoa, whereas other eukaryotes tend to have anterior flagella.

Q1: It is believed that animals evolved from what?
A1: a flagellated eukaryote
Q2: What are the closest known living relatives of animals?
A2: choanoflagellates
Q3: What is the name of the supergroup that animals have been placed in by molecular studies?
A3: opisthokonts
Q4: The opisthokonts also include what other organisms?
A4: choanoflagellates, fungi and a few small parasitic protists
Q5: Where does the name opisthokonts come from?
A5: the posterior location of the flagellum in motile cells
Animal (Natural sciences)

Animals have several characteristics that set them apart from other living things. Animals are eukaryotic and multicellular, which separates them from bacteria and most protists. They are heterotrophic, generally digesting food in an internal chamber, which separates them from plants and algae. They are also distinguished from plants, algae, and fungi by lacking rigid cell walls. All animals are motile, if only at certain life stages. In most animals, embryos pass through a blastula stage, which is a characteristic exclusive to animals.

Q1: What sets animals apart from bacteria  and most protists?
A1: Animals are eukaryotic and multicellular
Q2: What are organisms called that digest food in an internal chamber?
A2: heterotrophic
Q3: What is another way in which animals are distinguished from plants and algae?
A3: lacking rigid cell walls
Q4: The blastula stage is a characteristic exclusive to what organism?
A4: animals
Appalachian_Mountains (Geography and places)

Animals that characterize the Appalachian forests include five species of tree squirrels. The most commonly seen is the low to moderate elevation eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). Occupying similar habitat is the slightly larger fox squirrel (Sciurus niger) and the much smaller southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans). More characteristic of cooler northern and high elevation habitat is the red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), whereas the Appalachian northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus), which closely resembles the southern flying squirrel, is confined to northern hardwood and spruce-fir forests.

Q1: How many species of tree squirrel are commonly found in the range?
A1: five species
Q2: What is the most commonly seen species?
A2: gray squirrel
Q3: What does the squirrel share its habitat with?
A3: larger fox squirrel
Q4: What is found more in the northern portions?
A4: red squirrel
Q5: Which species is commonly found more in spruce-fir forests?
A5: Appalachian northern flying squirrel
Green (Language and literature)

Animals typically use the color green as camouflage, blending in with the chlorophyll green of the surrounding environment. Green animals include, especially, amphibians, reptiles, and some fish, birds and insects. Most fish, reptiles, amphibians, and birds appear green because of a reflection of blue light coming through an over-layer of yellow pigment. Perception of color can also be affected by the surrounding environment. For example, broadleaf forests typically have a yellow-green light about them as the trees filter the light. Turacoverdin is one chemical which can cause a green hue in birds, especially. Invertebrates such as insects or mollusks often display green colors because of porphyrin pigments, sometimes caused by diet. This can causes their feces to look green as well. Other chemicals which generally contribute to greenness among organisms are flavins (lychochromes) and hemanovadin. Humans have imitated this by wearing green clothing as a camouflage in military and other fields. Substances that may impart a greenish hue to one's skin include biliverdin, the green pigment in bile, and ceruloplasmin, a protein that carries copper ions in chelation.

Q1: How do animals typically use the color green?
A1: camouflage
Q2: Why do most fish, reptiles, amphibians, and birds appear green?
A2: reflection of blue light coming through an over-layer of yellow pigment
Q3: What is a chemical that can cause green hue in birds?
A3: Turacoverdin
Q4: What is a protein that carries copper ions in chelation?
A4: ceruloplasmin
Q5: What is the green pigment in bile called?
A5: biliverdin
Adult_contemporary_music (Music)

Anita Baker, Sade, Regina Belle, and Luther Vandross are other examples of artists who appeal to mainstream AC, urban AC and smooth jazz listeners. Some soft AC and urban AC stations like to play smooth jazz on the weekends. In recent years, the Smooth Jazz format has been renamed to Smooth AC, as an attempt to lure younger listeners.

Q1: Along with urban adult contemporary and smooth jazz, what station format might feature music from Sade?
A1: mainstream AC
Q2: What other format is sometimes played on urban AC stations?
A2: smooth jazz
Q3: When might you hear smooth jazz on a soft AC station?
A3: the weekends
Q4: What is a more recent name for the smooth jazz format?
A4: Smooth AC
Q5: What was the smooth jazz format renamed?
A5: to lure younger listeners
Ann_Arbor,_Michigan (History)

Ann Arbor has a council-manager form of government. The City Council has 11 voting members: the mayor and 10 city council members. The mayor and city council members serve two-year terms: the mayor is elected every even-numbered year, while half of the city council members are up for election annually (five in even-numbered and five in odd-numbered years). Two council members are elected from each of the city's five wards. The mayor is elected citywide. The mayor is the presiding officer of the City Council and has the power to appoint all Council committee members as well as board and commission members, with the approval of the City Council. The current mayor of Ann Arbor is Christopher Taylor, a Democrat who was elected as mayor in 2014. Day-to-day city operations are managed by a city administrator chosen by the city council.

Q1: What form of government does Ann Arbor have?
A1: council-manager
Q2: How many voting members are there in the city- council?
A2: 11
Q3: How many terms does the mayor of the city serve?
A3: two-year
Q4: Who is elected every even numbered year?
A4: mayor
Q5: How many council members are elected for the city's ward?
A5: Two
Ann_Arbor,_Michigan (History)

Ann Arbor has a long history of openness to marijuana, given Ann Arbor's decriminalization of cannabis, the large number of medical marijuana dispensaries in the city (one dispensary, called People's Co-op, was directly across the street from Michigan Stadium until zoning forced it to move one mile to the west), the large number of pro-marijuana residents, and the annual Hash Bash: an event that is held on the first Saturday of April. Until (at least) the successful passage of Michigan's medical marijuana law, the event had arguably strayed from its initial intent, although for years, a number of attendees have received serious legal responses due to marijuana use on University of Michigan property, which does not fall under the City's progressive and compassionate ticketing program.

Q1: What medical dispensarys are there in Ann Arbor?
A1: medical marijuana dispensaries
Q2: What are the Medical marijuana dispensaries called in the city?
A2: People's Co-op
Q3: What annual event is held on the 1st saturday of april?
A3: annual Hash Bash
Ann_Arbor,_Michigan (History)

Ann Arbor has a typically Midwestern humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa), which is influenced by the Great Lakes. There are four distinct seasons: winters are cold with moderate to heavy snowfall, while summers are very warm and humid, and spring and autumn are short but mild. The area experiences lake effect weather, primarily in the form of increased cloudiness during late fall and early winter. The monthly daily average temperature in July is 72.6 °F (22.6 °C), while the same figure for January is 24.5 °F (−4.2 °C). Temperatures reach or exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on 10 days, and drop to or below 0 °F (−18 °C) on 4.6 nights. Precipitation tends to be the heaviest during the summer months, but most frequent during winter. Snowfall, which normally occurs from November to April but occasionally starts in October, averages 58 inches (147 cm) per season. The lowest recorded temperature was −23 °F (−31 °C) on 11 February 1885 and the highest recorded temperature was 105 °F (41 °C) on 24 July 1934.

Q1: How many seasons are experienced in the city of Ann Arbor?
A1: four
Q2: When is the precipitation highest in Ann Arbor?
A2: summer
Q3: What is the average snowfall for the city?
A3: 58 inches
Ann_Arbor,_Michigan (History)

Ann Arbor is a major scene of college sports, most notably at the University of Michigan, a member of the Big Ten Conference. Several well-known college sports facilities exist in the city, including Michigan Stadium, the largest American football stadium in the world. The stadium was completed in 1927 and cost more than $950,000 to build. It has a 109,901 seating capacity after multiple renovations were made. The stadium is colloquially known as "The Big House". Crisler Center and Yost Ice Arena play host to the school's basketball (both men's and women's) and ice hockey teams, respectively. Concordia University, a member of the NAIA, also fields sports teams.

Q1: Who is the member of the Big Ten Conference in college sports in the city?
A1: University of Michigan
Q2: Which is the largest American football stadium in the world?
A2: Michigan Stadium
Q3: What is the Michigan Stadium called colloquially?
A3: The Big House
Ann_Arbor,_Michigan (History)

Ann Arbor is part of Michigan's 12th congressional district, represented in Congress by Representative Debbie Dingell, a Democrat. On the state level, the city is part of the 18th district in the Michigan Senate, represented by Democrat Rebekah Warren. In the Michigan House of Representatives, representation is split between the 55th district (northern Ann Arbor, part of Ann Arbor Township, and other surrounding areas, represented by Democrat Adam Zemke), the 53rd district (most of downtown and the southern half of the city, represented by Democrat Jeff Irwin) and the 52nd district (southwestern areas outside Ann Arbor proper and western Washtenaw County, represented by Democrat Gretchen Driskell).

Q1: Who represents the congress in Ann Arbor?
A1: Debbie Dingell
Q2: On a state level the city is part of which district number?
A2: 18th district
Q3: Who represents the city in Michigan senate?
A3: Rebekah Warren
Ann_Arbor,_Michigan (History)

Ann Arbor was founded in 1824 by land speculators John Allen and Elisha Walker Rumsey. On 25 May 1824, the town plat was registered with Wayne County as "Annarbour;" this represents the earliest known use of the town's name. Allen and Rumsey decided to name it for their wives, both named Ann, and for the stands of Bur Oak in the 640 acres (260 ha) of land they purchased for $800 from the federal government at $1.25 per acre. The local Ojibwa named the settlement kaw-goosh-kaw-nick, after the sound of Allen's sawmill.

Q1: Who founded Ann Arbor?
A1: John Allen and Elisha Walker Rumsey
Q2: What was the profession of the founders of Ann arbor?
A2: land speculators
Q3: Which tribe named the settlement as kaw-goosh-kaw-nick?
A3: Ojibwa
Q4: For how much money did the founders purchase the land from the federal government?
A4: $800
Q5: What were the names of the founders wives?
A5: Ann
Ann_Arbor,_Michigan (History)

Ann Arbor was founded in 1824, named for wives of the village's founders and the stands of Bur Oak trees. The University of Michigan moved from Detroit to Ann Arbor in 1837, and the city grew at a rapid rate in the early to mid-20th century. During the 1960s and 1970s, the city gained a reputation as a center for left-wing politics. Ann Arbor became a focal point for political activism and served as a hub for the civil-rights movement and anti-Vietnam War movement, as well as various student movements.

Q1: When was Ann Arbor founded?
A1: 1824
Q2: Which University moved from Detroit to Ann Arbor in 1837?
A2: University of Michigan
Q3: During  the 1960's & 70's, Ann Arbor gained a reputation for what?
A3: center for left-wing politics
Q4: Which type of tree is associated with the city Ann Arbor's name?
A4: Bur Oak