LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Poultry (Natural sciences)

Commercial turkeys are usually reared indoors under controlled conditions. These are often large buildings, purpose-built to provide ventilation and low light intensities (this reduces the birds' activity and thereby increases the rate of weight gain). The lights can be switched on for 24-hrs/day, or a range of step-wise light regimens to encourage the birds to feed often and therefore grow rapidly. Females achieve slaughter weight at about 15 weeks of age and males at about 19. Mature commercial birds may be twice as heavy as their wild counterparts. Many different breeds have been developed, but the majority of commercial birds are white, as this improves the appearance of the dressed carcass, the pin feathers being less visible. Turkeys were at one time mainly consumed on special occasions such as Christmas (10 million birds in the United Kingdom) or Thanksgiving (60 million birds in the United States). However, they are increasingly becoming part of the everyday diet in many parts of the world. 

Q1: What type of accomidations are domesticated turkey normally grown in?
A1: Commercial turkeys are usually reared indoors under controlled conditions
Q2: What type of conditions are used to increase the weight and profitability of commercial turkeys?
A2: The lights can be switched on for 24-hrs/day, or a range of step-wise light regimens to encourage the birds to feed often and therefore grow rapidly
Q3: At what age is the average turkey considered ready for the initial step of the commercial food process?
A3: Females achieve slaughter weight at about 15 weeks of age and males at about 19
Q4: How much more does a average commercial  turkey weigh in comparison to its wild turkey cousins ?
A4: Mature commercial birds may be twice as heavy as their wild counterparts
Q5: What the average for the amount of  turkeys are consumed in the U.S on Thanksgiving Day?
A5: 60 million birds in the United States
Grape (Natural sciences)

Commercially cultivated grapes can usually be classified as either table or wine grapes, based on their intended method of consumption: eaten raw (table grapes) or used to make wine (wine grapes). While almost all of them belong to the same species, Vitis vinifera, table and wine grapes have significant differences, brought about through selective breeding. Table grape cultivars tend to have large, seedless fruit (see below) with relatively thin skin. Wine grapes are smaller, usually seeded, and have relatively thick skins (a desirable characteristic in winemaking, since much of the aroma in wine comes from the skin). Wine grapes also tend to be very sweet: they are harvested at the time when their juice is approximately 24% sugar by weight. By comparison, commercially produced "100% grape juice", made from table grapes, is usually around 15% sugar by weight.

Q1: What are grapes that are eaten raw classified as?
A1: table grapes
Q2: What are grapes that are used to make wine classified as?
A2: wine grapes
Q3: What specie are table grapes and wine grapes?
A3: Vitis vinifera
Q4: What Classification of grapes are typically large and seedless?
A4: Table grape
Q5: What percentage of a wine grape is sugar when it is harvested?
A5: approximately 24%
Daylight_saving_time (Engineering and technology)

Common agreement about the day's layout or schedule confers so many advantages that a standard DST schedule has generally been chosen over ad hoc efforts to get up earlier. The advantages of coordination are so great that many people ignore whether DST is in effect by altering their nominal work schedules to coordinate with television broadcasts or daylight. DST is commonly not observed during most of winter, because its mornings are darker; workers may have no sunlit leisure time, and children may need to leave for school in the dark. Since DST is applied to many varying communities, its effects may be very different depending on their culture, light levels, geography, and climate; that is why it is hard to make generalized conclusions about the absolute effects of the practice. Some areas may adopt DST simply as a matter of coordination with others rather than for any direct benefits.

Q1: Most people agree that a standardized schedule by DST is more practical than trying to do what in the morning on our own?
A1: get up earlier
Q2: What electronic device might people work their schedules around instead of paying close attention to DST?
A2: television
Q3: During what season is DST usually not observed because of the detriments of dark mornings?
A3: winter
Q4: What indirect benefit of DST might cause some areas to observe it even though they don't get any direct benefits like cost or energy savings?
A4: coordination with others
Guinea-Bissau (Geography and places)

Common dishes include soups and stews. Common ingredients include yams, sweet potato, cassava, onion, tomato and plantain. Spices, peppers and chilis are used in cooking, including Aframomum melegueta seeds (Guinea pepper).

Q1: What are common dishes in Guinea-Bissau?
A1: soups and stews
Q2: What are common ingredients in Guinea-Bissau?
A2: yams, sweet potato, cassava, onion, tomato and plantain
Q3: What are spices, peppers and chilis used in?
A3: cooking
Q4: What is another name for Guinea pepper?
A4: Aframomum melegueta seeds
Q5: What are Guinea peppers used in?
A5: cooking
Energy (Natural sciences)

Common energy forms include the kinetic energy of a moving object, the potential energy stored by an object's position in a force field (gravitational, electric or magnetic), the elastic energy stored by stretching solid objects, the chemical energy released when a fuel burns, the radiant energy carried by light, and the thermal energy due to an object's temperature. All of the many forms of energy are convertible to other kinds of energy. In Newtonian physics, there is a universal law of conservation of energy which says that energy can be neither created nor be destroyed; however, it can change from one form to another.

Q1: Common energy forms include what?
A1: kinetic energy of a moving object
Q2: In Newtonian physics, there is a universal law that says energy can be neither created nor what?
A2: destroyed
Q3: What law states, in part, that energy can change from one form to another?
A3: Newtonian physics
Antibiotics (History)

Common forms of antibiotic misuse include excessive use of prophylactic antibiotics in travelers and failure of medical professionals to prescribe the correct dosage of antibiotics on the basis of the patient's weight and history of prior use. Other forms of misuse include failure to take the entire prescribed course of the antibiotic, incorrect dosage and administration, or failure to rest for sufficient recovery. Inappropriate antibiotic treatment, for example, is their prescription to treat viral infections such as the common cold. One study on respiratory tract infections found "physicians were more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients who appeared to expect them". Multifactorial interventions aimed at both physicians and patients can reduce inappropriate prescription of antibiotics.

Q1: What is a way of improperly using antibiotics for those traveling?
A1: prophylactic antibiotics
Q2: What can happen if a doctor doesn't prescribe to a person's weight and prior use?
A2: failure of medical professionals to prescribe the correct dosage
Q3: What are 3 other common forms of bad antibiotic practices?
A3: failure to take the entire prescribed course of the antibiotic, incorrect dosage and administration, or failure to rest for sufficient recovery
Q4: What happens when a cold is treated with antibiotics?
A4: Inappropriate antibiotic treatment
Q5: What do doctors usually do when a patient seems to want antibiotics even though they may not be right?
A5: prescribe antibiotics
Lighting (Engineering and technology)

Commonly called 'light bulbs', lamps are the removable and replaceable part of a light fixture, which converts electrical energy into electromagnetic radiation. While lamps have traditionally been rated and marketed primarily in terms of their power consumption, expressed in watts, proliferation of lighting technology beyond the incandescent light bulb has eliminated the correspondence of wattage to the amount of light produced. For example, a 60 W incandescent light bulb produces about the same amount of light as a 13 W compact fluorescent lamp. Each of these technologies has a different efficacy in converting electrical energy to visible light. Visible light output is typically measured in lumens. This unit only quantifies the visible radiation, and excludes invisible infrared and ultraviolet light. A wax candle produces on the close order of 13 lumens, a 60 watt incandescent lamp makes around 700 lumens, and a 15-watt compact fluorescent lamp produces about 800 lumens, but actual output varies by specific design. Rating and marketing emphasis is shifting away from wattage and towards lumen output, to give the purchaser a directly applicable basis upon which to select a lamp.

Q1: What is the removable and replaceable part of a light fixture?
A1: light bulbs
Q2: What does a light bulb convert into electromagnetic radiation?
A2: electrical energy
Q3: Huge much light does a 13 W compact fluorescent lamp produce equivalent to a incandescent light bulb.
A3: 60 w
Q4: How many lemuns does a 15 watt fluorescent lamp produce?
A4: 800 lumens
The_Blitz (History)

Communal shelters never housed more than one seventh of Greater London residents, however. Peak use of the Underground as shelter was 177,000 on 27 September 1940, and a November 1940 census of London found that about 4% of residents used the Tube and other large shelters; 9% in public surface shelters; and 27% in private home shelters, implying that the remaining 60% of the city likely stayed at home. The government distributed Anderson shelters until 1941 and that year began distributing the Morrison shelter, which could be used inside homes.:190

Q1: What was the largest number to use Underground shelters in September  27, 1940?
A1: 177,000
Q2: In 1940 what percentage used the Tube for a sleeping shelter?
A2: 4%
Q3: Where did 60% of populations stay?
A3: at home
Q4: What year did the government start giving out Morrison shelters?
A4: 1941
Q5: Where could the Morrison shelters be used?
A5: inside homes
Communication (Language and literature)

Communication is observed within the plant organism, i.e. within plant cells and between plant cells, between plants of the same or related species, and between plants and non-plant organisms, especially in the root zone. Plant roots communicate with rhizome bacteria, fungi, and insects within the soil. These interactions are governed by syntactic, pragmatic, and semantic rules,[citation needed] and are possible because of the decentralized "nervous system" of plants. The original meaning of the word "neuron" in Greek is "vegetable fiber" and recent research has shown that most of the microorganism plant communication processes are neuron-like. Plants also communicate via volatiles when exposed to herbivory attack behavior, thus warning neighboring plants. In parallel they produce other volatiles to attract parasites which attack these herbivores. In stress situations plants can overwrite the genomes they inherited from their parents and revert to that of their grand- or great-grandparents.[citation needed]

Q1: What is a form of communication observed within plants?
A1: between plant cells
Q2: What part of a plant communicates with rhizome bacteria, fungi, and insects within the soil?
A2: roots
Q3: How are the plant roots able to communicate with rhizome bacteria, fungi, and insects within the soil?
A3: the decentralized "nervous system" of plants
Q4: What is the meaning of the word neuron in Greek?
A4: vegetable fiber
Q5: How do plants communicate to warn nearby plants of danger?
A5: via volatiles
Communication (Language and literature)

Communication is usually described along a few major dimensions: Message (what type of things are communicated), source / emisor / sender / encoder (by whom), form (in which form), channel (through which medium), destination / receiver / target / decoder (to whom), and Receiver. Wilbur Schram (1954) also indicated that we should also examine the impact that a message has (both desired and undesired) on the target of the message. Between parties, communication includes acts that confer knowledge and experiences, give advice and commands, and ask questions. These acts may take many forms, in one of the various manners of communication. The form depends on the abilities of the group communicating. Together, communication content and form make messages that are sent towards a destination. The target can be oneself, another person or being, another entity (such as a corporation or group of beings).

Q1: What is one dimension that communication is typically described along?
A1: channel (through which medium)
Q2: Who said that we should examine the impact a message has on the recipient of the message?
A2: Wilbur Schram
Q3: What acts are included in communication between parties?
A3: confer knowledge and experiences, give advice and commands, and ask questions
Q4: The forms of the acts included in communication depends on what?
A4: abilities of the group communicating
Q5: What is one target of communication?
A5: another person or being
Adolescence (Natural sciences)

Communication within peer groups allows adolescents to explore their feelings and identity as well as develop and evaluate their social skills. Peer groups offer members the opportunity to develop social skills such as empathy, sharing, and leadership. Adolescents choose peer groups based on characteristics similarly found in themselves. By utilizing these relationships, adolescents become more accepting of who they are becoming. Group norms and values are incorporated into an adolescent’s own self-concept. Through developing new communication skills and reflecting upon those of their peers, as well as self-opinions and values, an adolescent can share and express emotions and other concerns without fear of rejection or judgment. Peer groups can have positive influences on an individual, such as on academic motivation and performance. However, while peers may facilitate social development for one another they may also hinder it. Peers can have negative influences, such as encouraging experimentation with drugs, drinking, vandalism, and stealing through peer pressure. Susceptibility to peer pressure increases during early adolescence, peaks around age 14, and declines thereafter. Further evidence of peers hindering social development has been found in Spanish teenagers, where emotional (rather than solution-based) reactions to problems and emotional instability have been linked with physical aggression against peers. Both physical and relational aggression are linked to a vast number of enduring psychological difficulties, especially depression, as is social rejection. Because of this, bullied adolescents often develop problems that lead to further victimization. Bullied adolescents are both more likely to continued to be bullied and to bully others in the future. However, this relationship is less stable in cases of cyberbullying, a relatively new issue among adolescents.

Q1: What is one area in which peer groups can have positive influences on an individual?
A1: academic motivation and performance
Q2: What are some of the negative experiences that peer pressure can influence during adolescence?
A2: experimentation with drugs, drinking, vandalism, and stealing
Q3: At what age does succeptability to peer pressure peak?
A3: 14
Q4: What are some social skills that peer groups offer members the opportunity to develop?
A4: empathy, sharing, and leadership
Communications_in_Somalia (Engineering and technology)

Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal government operates two official radio and television networks, which exist alongside a number of private and foreign stations. Print media in the country is also progressively giving way to news radio stations and online portals, as internet connectivity and access increases. Additionally, the national postal service is slated to be officially relaunched in 2013 after a long absence. In 2012, a National Communications Act was also approved by Cabinet members, which lays the foundation for the establishment of a National Communications regulator in the broadcasting and telecommunications sectors.

Q1: How many official radio and television networks does the government of Somalia operate?
A1: two
Q2: Are communication services in Somalia mainly located in the public or private sector?
A2: private
Q3: As internet access increases, news media and online portals replace what form of media?
A3: Print media
Q4: What year was the national postal service of Somalia relaunched?
A4: 2013
Q5: In 2012, what act was approved to establish a National Communications regulator?
A5: National Communications Act
Q6: Are communications services in Somalia mostly concentrated in the public or private sector?
A6: private
Q7: Communications in Somalia are mostly concentrated in what sector?
A7: private
Q8: How many official rado iand TV networks does the governemt of Somalia run?
A8: two
Q9: What type of media decreases and internet connectivity increases?
A9: Print media
Q10: What types of media increases as internet connectivity and access increases?
A10: radio stations and online portals
Q11: What year is the postal service in Somalia set to relaunch?
A11: 2013
Political_philosophy (History)

Communism remained an important focus especially during the 1950s and 1960s. Colonialism and racism were important issues that arose. In general, there was a marked trend towards a pragmatic approach to political issues, rather than a philosophical one. Much academic debate regarded one or both of two pragmatic topics: how (or whether) to apply utilitarianism to problems of political policy, or how (or whether) to apply economic models (such as rational choice theory) to political issues. The rise of feminism, LGBT social movements and the end of colonial rule and of the political exclusion of such minorities as African Americans and sexual minorities in the developed world has led to feminist, postcolonial, and multicultural thought becoming significant. This led to a challenge to the social contract by philosophers Charles W. Mills in his book The Racial Contract and Carole Patemen in her book The Sexual Contract that the social contract excluded persons of colour and women respectively.

Q1: What remained an important focus during the 1950s and 1960s?
A1: Communism
Q2: There was a marked trend towards what type of approach to political issues?
A2: pragmatic approach
Q3: Who wrote The Racial Contract?
A3: Charles W. Mills
Q4: Who wrote The Sexual Contract?
A4: Carole Patemen
Tuvalu (Geography and places)

Community Training Centres (CTCs) have been established within the primary schools on each atoll. The CTCs provide vocational training to students who do not progress beyond Class 8 because they failed the entry qualifications for secondary education. The CTCs offer training in basic carpentry, gardening and farming, sewing and cooking. At the end of their studies the graduates can apply to continue studies either at Motufoua Secondary School or the Tuvalu Maritime Training Institute (TMTI). Adults can also attend courses at the CTCs.

Q1: What type of school has Tuvalu set up on each atoll?
A1: Community Training Centres
Q2: What from of education do Community Training Centres provide?
A2: vocational training
Q3: For what have CTC students failed to qualify ?
A3: secondary education
Q4: Besides children, who can Take CTC  classes?
A4: Adults
Q5: What kind of training classes are offered at CTC?
A5: basic
Compact_disc (Engineering and technology)

Compact Disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format. The format was originally developed to store and play only sound recordings but was later adapted for storage of data (CD-ROM). Several other formats were further derived from these, including write-once audio and data storage (CD-R), rewritable media (CD-RW), Video Compact Disc (VCD), Super Video Compact Disc (SVCD), Photo CD, PictureCD, CD-i, and Enhanced Music CD. Audio CDs and audio CD players have been commercially available since October 1982.

Q1: When did Audio CDs become available for purchase?
A1: 1982
Q2: What does CD stand for?
A2: Compact Disc
Q3: What were CD's originally created to store?
A3: sound recordings
Q4: What does SVCD stand for?
A4: Super Video Compact Disc
Q5: In what year were compact discs realesed for purchase?
A5: 1982
Q6: What was the original intended format for CDs?
A6: data storage
Compact_disc (Engineering and technology)

Compact Disc + Graphics is a special audio compact disc that contains graphics data in addition to the audio data on the disc. The disc can be played on a regular audio CD player, but when played on a special CD+G player, it can output a graphics signal (typically, the CD+G player is hooked up to a television set or a computer monitor); these graphics are almost exclusively used to display lyrics on a television set for karaoke performers to sing along with. The CD+G format takes advantage of the channels R through W. These six bits store the graphics information.

Q1: What is the primary use of Compact Disc + Graphics?
A1: to display lyrics on a television set for karaoke
Q2: How is graphics information read from a CD+ Graphics?
A2: television set or a computer monitor
Q3: Which channels does the CD+G use to hold graphics data?
A3: channels R through W
Lighting (Engineering and technology)

Compact fluorescent lamps (aka 'CFLs') use less power to supply the same amount of light as an incandescent lamp, however they contain mercury which is a dispose hazard. Due to the ability to reduce electric consumption, many organizations have undertaken measures to encourage the adoption of CFLs. Some electric utilities and local governments have subsidized CFLs or provided them free to customers as a means of reducing electric demand. For a given light output, CFLs use between one fifth and one quarter of the power of an equivalent incandescent lamp. One of the simplest and quickest ways for a household or business to become more energy efficient is to adopt CFLs as the main lamp source, as suggested by the Alliance for Climate Protection. Unlike incandescent lamps CFL's need a little time to 'warm up' and reach full brightness. Care should be taken when selecting CFL's because not all of them are suitable for dimming.

Q1: What does CFL stand for?
A1: Compact fluorescent lamps
Q2: Are all CFLs suitable for dimming?
A2: not
Communication (Language and literature)

Companies with limited resources may choose to engage in only a few of these activities, while larger organizations may employ a full spectrum of communications. Since it is difficult to develop such a broad range of skills, communications professionals often specialize in one or two of these areas but usually have at least a working knowledge of most of them. By far, the most important qualifications communications professionals can possess are excellent writing ability, good 'people' skills, and the capacity to think critically and strategically.

Q1: Why do communications professionals typically specialize in only one or two areas of communication?
A1: it is difficult to develop such a broad range of skills
Q2: What is one of the most important qualifications for a communications professional to have?
A2: excellent writing ability
Q3: What kind of companies may engage in only a few types of communications?
A3: Companies with limited resources
Q4: Good people skills is a qualification that is important to what profession?
A4: communications