LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
To_Kill_a_Mockingbird (Language and literature)

The book has also been adapted as a play by Christopher Sergel. It debuted in 1990 in Monroeville, a town that labels itself "The Literary Capital of Alabama". The play runs every May on the county courthouse grounds and townspeople make up the cast. White male audience members are chosen at the intermission to make up the jury. During the courtroom scene the production moves into the Monroe County Courthouse and the audience is racially segregated. Author Albert Murray said of the relationship of the town to the novel (and the annual performance): "It becomes part of the town ritual, like the religious underpinning of Mardi Gras. With the whole town crowded around the actual courthouse, it's part of a central, civic education—what Monroeville aspires to be."

Q1: Who turned the novel into a play?
A1: Christopher Sergel
Q2: When was the play for To Kill a Mockingbird first performed?
A2: 1990
Q3: What town labeled itself "The Literary Capital of Alabama"?
A3: Monroeville
Q4: Who makes up the cast of the annual play based on the book performed in Monroeville?
A4: townspeople
Q5: During the courtroom scene, what happens to the audience?
A5: racially segregated
Comcast (Geography and places)

The book value of the company nearly doubled from $8.19 a share in 1999 to $15 a share in 2009. Revenues grew sixfold from 1999's $6 billion to almost $36 billion in 2009. Net profit margin rose from 4.2% in 1999 to 8.4% in 2009, with operating margins improving 31 percent and return on equity doubling to 6.7 percent in the same time span. Between 1999 and 2009, return on capital nearly tripled to 7 percent. Comcast reported first quarter 2012 profit increases of 30% due to increase in high-speed internet customers. In February 2014, Comcast generated 1.1 billion in revenue during the first quarter due to the Sochi Olympics,.

Q1: What was Comcast's share value in 1999?
A1: $8.19
Q2: What was Comcast's share value in 2009?
A2: $15
Q3: Comcast's revenues in 2009 were how much?
A3: $36 billion
Q4: What was Comcast's profit margin in 2009?
A4: 8.4%
Q5: What caused a 2012 spike in Comcast profits?
A5: increase in high-speed internet customers
To_Kill_a_Mockingbird (Language and literature)

The book was made into the well-received 1962 film with the same title, starring Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch. The film's producer, Alan J. Pakula, remembered Universal Pictures executives questioning him about a potential script: "They said, 'What story do you plan to tell for the film?' I said, 'Have you read the book?' They said, 'Yes.' I said, 'That's the story.'" The movie was a hit at the box office, quickly grossing more than $20 million from a $2-million budget. It won three Oscars: Best Actor for Gregory Peck, Best Art Direction-Set Decoration, Black-and-White, and Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium for Horton Foote. It was nominated for five more Oscars including Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Mary Badham, the actress who played Scout.

Q1: A movie adaptation of the book was released in what year?
A1: 1962
Q2: Who played Atticus Finch in the 1962 movie of the same title?
A2: Gregory Peck
Q3: Which actor received An Oscar for his role of Atticus Finch in the 1962 movie of the book?
A3: Gregory Peck
Near_East (Geography and places)

The book was never published. Instead the Normans whirled off to New York. Norman published the gist of his planned travel book curiously mixed with vituperation against the Ottoman Empire in an article in June, 1896, in Scribner's Magazine. The empire had descended from an enlightened civilization ruling over barbarians for their own good to something considerably less. The difference was the Hamidian Massacres, which were being conducted even as the couple traveled the Balkans. According to Norman now, the empire had been established by "the Moslem horde" from Asia, which was stopped by "intrepid Hungary." Furthermore, "Greece shook off the turbaned destroyer of her people" and so on. The Russians were suddenly liberators of oppressed Balkan states. Having portrayed the Armenians as revolutionaries in the name of freedom with the expectation of being rescued by the intervention of Christian Europe, he states "but her hope was vain." England had "turned her back." Norman concluded his exhortation with "In the Balkans one learns to hate the Turk." Norman made sure that Gladstone read the article. Prince Nicolas of Montenegro wrote a letter thanking him for his article.

Q1: Where did the Normans go off to instead of publishing the book?
A1: New York
Q2: When did Norman publish parts of his planned travel book?
A2: June, 1896
Q3: What magazine did Norman publish his work in?
A3: Scribner's Magazine
Q4: Who were liberators of oppressed Balkan states?
A4: The Russians
Q5: Who did Norman say "turned her back"?
A5: England
On_the_Origin_of_Species (Natural sciences)

The book was widely translated in Darwin's lifetime, but problems arose with translating concepts and metaphors, and some translations were biased by the translator's own agenda. Darwin distributed presentation copies in France and Germany, hoping that suitable applicants would come forward, as translators were expected to make their own arrangements with a local publisher. He welcomed the distinguished elderly naturalist and geologist Heinrich Georg Bronn, but the German translation published in 1860 imposed Bronn's own ideas, adding controversial themes that Darwin had deliberately omitted. Bronn translated "favoured races" as "perfected races", and added essays on issues including the origin of life, as well as a final chapter on religious implications partly inspired by Bronn's adherence to Naturphilosophie. In 1862, Bronn produced a second edition based on the third English edition and Darwin's suggested additions, but then died of a heart attack. Darwin corresponded closely with Julius Victor Carus, who published an improved translation in 1867. Darwin's attempts to find a translator in France fell through, and the translation by Clémence Royer published in 1862 added an introduction praising Darwin's ideas as an alternative to religious revelation and promoting ideas anticipating social Darwinism and eugenics, as well as numerous explanatory notes giving her own answers to doubts that Darwin expressed. Darwin corresponded with Royer about a second edition published in 1866 and a third in 1870, but he had difficulty getting her to remove her notes and was troubled by these editions. He remained unsatisfied until a translation by Edmond Barbier was published in 1876. A Dutch translation by Tiberius Cornelis Winkler was published in 1860. By 1864, additional translations had appeared in Italian and Russian. In Darwin's lifetime, Origin was published in Swedish in 1871, Danish in 1872, Polish in 1873, Hungarian in 1873–1874, Spanish in 1877 and Serbian in 1878. By 1977, it had appeared in an additional 18 languages.

Q1: Who was the German translator that Darwin welcomed for On the Origin of Species?
A1: Heinrich Georg Bronn,
Q2: What did Bronn do in his translation that went completely against what Darwin wanted in On the Origin of Species?
A2: the German translation published in 1860 imposed Bronn's own ideas, adding controversial themes that Darwin had deliberately omitted.
Q3: What did Bronn change "Favoured Races" to in his translated edition of On the Origin of Species?
A3: "perfected races"
Q4: Who published an improved translation of On the Origin of Species in 1867?
A4: Julius Victor Carus
Q5: Why was Darwin unhappy with the first French translation of On the Origins of Species?
A5: numerous explanatory notes giving her own answers to doubts that Darwin expressed
On_the_Origin_of_Species (Natural sciences)

The book was written for non-specialist readers and attracted widespread interest upon its publication. As Darwin was an eminent scientist, his findings were taken seriously and the evidence he presented generated scientific, philosophical, and religious discussion. The debate over the book contributed to the campaign by T. H. Huxley and his fellow members of the X Club to secularise science by promoting scientific naturalism. Within two decades there was widespread scientific agreement that evolution, with a branching pattern of common descent, had occurred, but scientists were slow to give natural selection the significance that Darwin thought appropriate. During "the eclipse of Darwinism" from the 1880s to the 1930s, various other mechanisms of evolution were given more credit. With the development of the modern evolutionary synthesis in the 1930s and 1940s, Darwin's concept of evolutionary adaptation through natural selection became central to modern evolutionary theory, and it has now become the unifying concept of the life sciences.

Q1: What section of the population was Darwin's book written for?
A1: non-specialist readers
Q2: Who attempted to secularize science during the debate over Darwin's book?
A2: T. H. Huxley
Q3: What was T.H. Huxley promoting?
A3: scientific naturalism
Q4: What was the growing change in opinion about evolution called?
A4: "the eclipse of Darwinism"
Q5: When did Darwin's concept of evolution become widely believed and central to the modern theory of evolution?
A5: in the 1930s and 1940s
Umayyad_Caliphate (History)

The books written later in the Abbasid period in Iran are more anti Umayyad. Iran was Sunni at the time. There was much anti Arab feeling in Iran after the fall of the Persian empire. This anti Arab feeling also influenced the books on Islamic history. Al-Tabri was also written in Iran during that period. Al-Tabri was a huge collection including all the text that he could find, from all the sources. It was a collection preserving everything for future generations to codify and for future generations to judge if it was true or false.

Q1: In the later Abbasid era, what branch of Islam did Iran adhere to?
A1: Sunni
Q2: What notable work of Islamic history was written in Iran during the later Abbasid period?
A2: Al-Tabri
Q3: What group was notably disliked in Iran after the Persian Empire fell?
A3: Arab
Tuvalu (Geography and places)

The boreholes on Funafuti, at the site now called Darwin's Drill, are the result of drilling conducted by the Royal Society of London for the purpose of investigating the formation of coral reefs to determine whether traces of shallow water organisms could be found at depth in the coral of Pacific atolls. This investigation followed the work on The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs conducted by Charles Darwin in the Pacific. Drilling occurred in 1896, 1897 and 1898. Professor Edgeworth David of the University of Sydney was a member of the 1896 "Funafuti Coral Reef Boring Expedition of the Royal Society", under Professor William Sollas and lead the expedition in 1897. Photographers on these trips recorded people, communities, and scenes at Funafuti.

Q1: What are the boreholes on Funafuti called?
A1: Darwin's Drill
Q2: What group conducted a study of coral on Funafuti?
A2: Royal Society of London
Q3: What formations was the Royal Society studying?
A3: coral reefs
Q4: Who's basic work in the area of coral reefs did the Royal Society's investigations follow?
A4: Charles Darwin
Q5: What was Darwin's work on coral reefs titled?
A5: The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs
Mexico_City (Geography and places)

The boroughs are composed by hundreds of colonias or neighborhoods, which have no jurisdictional autonomy or representation. The Historic Center is the oldest part of the city (along with some other, formerly separate colonial towns such as Coyoacán and San Ángel), some of the buildings dating back to the 16th century. Other well-known central neighborhoods include Condesa, known for its Art Deco architecture and its restaurant scene; Colonia Roma, a beaux arts neighborhood and artistic and culinary hot-spot, the Zona Rosa, formerly the center of nightlife and restaurants, now reborn as the center of the LGBT and Korean-Mexican communities; and Tepito and La Lagunilla, known for their local working-class foklore and large flea markets. Santa María la Ribera and San Rafael are the latest neighborhoods of magnificent Porfiriato architecture seeing the first signs of gentrification.

Q1: What is the oldest part of the city?
A1: The Historic Center
Q2: How old are the oldest buildings in Mexico City?
A2: 16th century
Q3: What used to be the main party district of Mexico City?
A3: Zona Rosa
Q4: What is the center of the LGBT community in Mexico City?
A4: Art Deco architecture
Q5: What district is known for its Art Deco Architecture? 
A5: Condesa
Lancashire (Geography and places)

The boroughs of Liverpool, Knowsley, St Helens and Sefton were included in Merseyside. In Greater Manchester the successor boroughs were Bury, Bolton, Manchester, Oldham (part), Rochdale, Salford, Tameside (part), Trafford (part) and Wigan. Warrington and Widnes, south of the new Merseyside/Greater Manchester border were added to the new non-metropolitan county of Cheshire. The urban districts of Barnoldswick and Earby, Bowland Rural District and the parishes of Bracewell and Brogden and Salterforth from Skipton Rural District in the West Riding of Yorkshire became part of the new Lancashire. One parish, Simonswood, was transferred from the borough of Knowsley in Merseyside to the district of West Lancashire in 1994. In 1998 Blackpool and Blackburn with Darwen became independent unitary authorities.

Q1: In what year did Blackpool and Blackburn become independent unitary authorities?
A1: 1998
Q2: In what year was Simonswood transferred from Knowsley to West Lancashire
A2: 1994
Q3: Which places were added to the new county of Cheshire?
A3: Warrington and Widnes
Q4: Where were the boroughs of Liverpool, Knowsley, St Helens and Sefton included?
A4: Merseyside
Q5: Which parish was transferred from Knowsley to the district of West Lancashire?
A5: Simonswood
Flowering_plant (Natural sciences)

The botanical term "Angiosperm", from the Ancient Greek αγγείον, angeíon (bottle, vessel) and σπέρμα, (seed), was coined in the form Angiospermae by Paul Hermann in 1690, as the name of one of his primary divisions of the plant kingdom. This included flowering plants possessing seeds enclosed in capsules, distinguished from his Gymnospermae, or flowering plants with achenial or schizo-carpic fruits, the whole fruit or each of its pieces being here regarded as a seed and naked. The term and its antonym were maintained by Carl Linnaeus with the same sense, but with restricted application, in the names of the orders of his class Didynamia. Its use with any approach to its modern scope became possible only after 1827, when Robert Brown established the existence of truly naked ovules in the Cycadeae and Coniferae, and applied to them the name Gymnosperms.[citation needed] From that time onward, as long as these Gymnosperms were, as was usual, reckoned as dicotyledonous flowering plants, the term Angiosperm was used antithetically by botanical writers, with varying scope, as a group-name for other dicotyledonous plants.

Q1: What term did Paul Hermann come up with in 1690?
A1: Angiosperm
Q2: What did Hermann use the term angiosperm a primary division of in the plant kingdom?
A2: primary
Q3: Who restricted the application of the angiosperm term?
A3: Carl Linnaeus
Q4: What did Robert Brown establish the existence of in Cycadeae and Coniferae?
A4: naked ovules
Q5: What is the group-name angiosperm has been used for by botanical writers?
A5: other dicotyledonous plants
Somerset (Geography and places)

The boundaries of Somerset are largely unaltered from medieval times. The River Avon formed much of the border with Gloucestershire, except that the hundred of Bath Forum, which straddles the Avon, formed part of Somerset. Bristol began as a town on the Gloucestershire side of the Avon, however as it grew it extended across the river into Somerset. In 1373 Edward III proclaimed "that the town of Bristol with its suburbs and precincts shall henceforth be separate from the counties of Gloucester and Somerset... and that it should be a county by itself".

Q1: How long have the boundaries of somerset remained constant 
A1: are largely unaltered from medieval times
Q2: What river forms the border of Somerset 
A2: The River Avon formed much of the border with Gloucestershire, except that the hundred of Bath Forum
Q3: What did king Edward the 3 do 
A3: Edward III proclaimed "that the town of Bristol with its suburbs and precincts shall henceforth be separate from the counties of Gloucester and Somerset
Brain (Natural sciences)

The brain contains several motor areas that project directly to the spinal cord. At the lowest level are motor areas in the medulla and pons, which control stereotyped movements such as walking, breathing, or swallowing. At a higher level are areas in the midbrain, such as the red nucleus, which is responsible for coordinating movements of the arms and legs. At a higher level yet is the primary motor cortex, a strip of tissue located at the posterior edge of the frontal lobe. The primary motor cortex sends projections to the subcortical motor areas, but also sends a massive projection directly to the spinal cord, through the pyramidal tract. This direct corticospinal projection allows for precise voluntary control of the fine details of movements. Other motor-related brain areas exert secondary effects by projecting to the primary motor areas. Among the most important secondary areas are the premotor cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum.

Q1: Which motor areas of the brain control breathing and swallowing?
A1: the medulla and pons,
Q2: At the lowest level of the brain and spinal cord, are what areas?
A2: the medulla and pons
Q3: The red nucleus controls what part(s) of the body?
A3: coordinating movements of the arms and legs
Q4: A strip of tissue found at the edge of the frontal lobe is called what?
A4: primary motor cortex
Q5: The primary motor cortex sends signals to the spinal cord through what?
A5: pyramidal tract.
Annelid (Natural sciences)

The brain generally forms a ring round the pharynx (throat), consisting of a pair of ganglia (local control centers) above and in front of the pharynx, linked by nerve cords either side of the pharynx to another pair of ganglia just below and behind it. The brains of polychaetes are generally in the prostomium, while those of clitellates are in the peristomium or sometimes the first segment behind the peristomium. In some very mobile and active polychaetes the brain is enlarged and more complex, with visible hindbrain, midbrain and forebrain sections. The rest of the central nervous system is generally "ladder-like", consisting of a pair of nerve cords that run through the bottom part of the body and have in each segment paired ganglia linked by a transverse connection. From each segmental ganglion a branching system of local nerves runs into the body wall and then encircles the body. However, in most polychaetes the two main nerve cords are fused, and in the tube-dwelling genus Owenia the single nerve chord has no ganglia and is located in the epidermis.

Q1: What are ganglia?
A1: local control centers
Q2: What is an annelid's brain in a ring around?
A2: the pharynx
Q3: What is a pharynx?
A3: throat
Q4: Where are clitellates' brains?
A4: in the peristomium or sometimes the first segment behind the peristomium
Q5: Where are polychaetes' brains?
A5: in the prostomium
Brain (Natural sciences)

The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. Only a few invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, adult sea squirts and starfish do not have a brain; diffuse or localised nerve nets are present instead. The brain is located in the head, usually close to the primary sensory organs for such senses as vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell. The brain is the most complex organ in a vertebrate's body. In a typical human, the cerebral cortex (the largest part) is estimated to contain 15–33 billion neurons, each connected by synapses to several thousand other neurons. These neurons communicate with one another by means of long protoplasmic fibers called axons, which carry trains of signal pulses called action potentials to distant parts of the brain or body targeting specific recipient cells.

Q1: What is the center of the nervous system in all creatures?
A1: The brain
Q2: What is the most complex organ in an animal's body?
A2: The brain
Q3: In people, how many neurons make up the cerebral cortex?
A3: 15–33 billion
Q4: Neurons in the brain interact with each other by fibers called what?
A4: axons
Q5: A few animals without spines that do not have a brain are what?
A5: sponges, jellyfish, adult sea squirts
Brain (Natural sciences)

The brains of all species are composed primarily of two broad classes of cells: neurons and glial cells. Glial cells (also known as glia or neuroglia) come in several types, and perform a number of critical functions, including structural support, metabolic support, insulation, and guidance of development. Neurons, however, are usually considered the most important cells in the brain. The property that makes neurons unique is their ability to send signals to specific target cells over long distances. They send these signals by means of an axon, which is a thin protoplasmic fiber that extends from the cell body and projects, usually with numerous branches, to other areas, sometimes nearby, sometimes in distant parts of the brain or body. The length of an axon can be extraordinary: for example, if a pyramidal cell, (an excitatory neuron) of the cerebral cortex were magnified so that its cell body became the size of a human body, its axon, equally magnified, would become a cable a few centimeters in diameter, extending more than a kilometer. These axons transmit signals in the form of electrochemical pulses called action potentials, which last less than a thousandth of a second and travel along the axon at speeds of 1–100 meters per second. Some neurons emit action potentials constantly, at rates of 10–100 per second, usually in irregular patterns; other neurons are quiet most of the time, but occasionally emit a burst of action potentials.

Q1: Brains of organisms are made up mostly of what two classes of cells?
A1: neurons and glial cells
Q2: Glial cells are also referred to as what?
A2: glia or neuroglia
Q3: Which of the two broad classes of cells: neurons and glial cells send signals to other cells?
A3: neurons
Q4: Axons send signals that are named what?
A4: action potentials
Q5: What is the typical speed that axons send their electrical signals?
A5: 1–100 meters per second
Brain (Natural sciences)

The brains of humans and other primates contain the same structures as the brains of other mammals, but are generally larger in proportion to body size. The most widely accepted way of comparing brain sizes across species is the so-called encephalization quotient (EQ), which takes into account the nonlinearity of the brain-to-body relationship. Humans have an average EQ in the 7-to-8 range, while most other primates have an EQ in the 2-to-3 range. Dolphins have values higher than those of primates other than humans, but nearly all other mammals have EQ values that are substantially lower.

Q1: Comparing brain sizes among different creatures is used most commonly by what?
A1: encephalization quotient (EQ)
Q2: What is the average EQ of a person?
A2: 7-to-8 range
Q3: Primates have an EQ in what range?
A3: 2-to-3