LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Database (Engineering and technology)

Just as the navigational approach would require programs to loop in order to collect records, the relational approach would require loops to collect information about any one record. Codd's solution to the necessary looping was a set-oriented language, a suggestion that would later spawn the ubiquitous SQL. Using a branch of mathematics known as tuple calculus, he demonstrated that such a system could support all the operations of normal databases (inserting, updating etc.) as well as providing a simple system for finding and returning sets of data in a single operation.

Q1: How does a program collect information using a navigational system?
A1: require programs to loop
Q2: What is used to solve the problem of looping?
A2: a set-oriented language
Q3: What computer language came about as a result of the looping problem?
A3: SQL
Q4: What type of math was used to create a system to find data sets?
A4: tuple calculus
Q5: Who used tuple calculus to show the functionality of databases?
A5: Codd
Internet_service_provider (Engineering and technology)

Just as their customers pay them for Internet access, ISPs themselves pay upstream ISPs for Internet access. An upstream ISP usually has a larger network than the contracting ISP or is able to provide the contracting ISP with access to parts of the Internet the contracting ISP by itself has no access to.

Q1: Who does an ISP pay for internet access?
A1: upstream ISPs
Q2: Why does an ISP need to pay an upstream ISP?
A2: An upstream ISP usually has a larger network than the contracting ISP
Q3: What does an upstream ISP provide for an ISP?
A3: access to parts of the Internet the contracting ISP by itself has no access to
Q4: what usually has a larger network, the ISP of the customer or the upstream ISP?
A4: upstream ISPs
Renewable_energy_commercialization (Engineering and technology)

Just as there is a need for tax shifting, there is also a need for subsidy shifting. Subsidies are not an inherently bad thing as many technologies and industries emerged through government subsidy schemes. The Stern Review explains that of 20 key innovations from the past 30 years, only one of the 14 was funded entirely by the private sector and nine were totally publicly funded. In terms of specific examples, the Internet was the result of publicly funded links among computers in government laboratories and research institutes. And the combination of the federal tax deduction and a robust state tax deduction in California helped to create the modern wind power industry.

Q1: Besides tax shifting, what is another need?
A1: subsidy shifting
Q2: What was the result of publicly funded links among computers in government labs and reserach institutes?
A2: the Internet
Q3: What helped create the modern wind power industry?
A3: federal tax deduction and a robust state tax deduction in California
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay (Sports and recreation)

Just days before the relay supporters of Falun Gong demonstrated in front of the Chinese embassy in the Malaysian capital. As many as 1,000 personnel from the special police unit were expected to be deployed on the day of the relay. A Japanese family with Malaysian citizenship and their 5-year-old child who unfurled a Tibetan flag were hit by a group of Chinese nationals with plastic air-filled batons and heckled by a crowd of Chinese citizens during the confrontation at Independence Square where the relay began, and the Chinese group shouted: "Taiwan and Tibet belong to China." Later during the day, the Chinese volunteers forcefully took away placards from two other Malaysians protesting at the relay. One of the protesting Malaysian was hit in the head.

Q1: Which supporters protested near the Chinese embassy in Malaysia?
A1: Falun Gong
Q2: Supporters of what demonstrated at the Chinese embassy in Malaysia?
A2: Falun Gong
Q3: What were a Japanese family who unveiled a Tibetan flag hit with?
A3: plastic air-filled batons
Q4: What did the Chinese group yell?
A4: Taiwan and Tibet belong to China.
Q5: What did Chinese volunteers take from two Malaysian demonstrators?
A5: placards
United_States_presidential_election,_2004 (History)

Just eight months into his presidency, the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 suddenly transformed Bush into a wartime president. Bush's approval ratings surged to near 90%. Within a month, the forces of a coalition led by the United States entered Afghanistan, which had been sheltering Osama bin Laden, suspected mastermind of the September 11 attacks. By December, the Taliban had been removed as rulers of Kabul, although a long and ongoing reconstruction would follow, severely hampered by ongoing turmoil and violence within the country.

Q1: What even occured during Bush's presidency that made him become a wartime president?
A1: terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001
Q2: How long into Bush's presidency did tragedy occur on American soil?
A2: eight months
Q3: Did Bush become disfavorable during the time of the 9/11 attacks?
A3: surged to near 90%
Q4: How long did it take for the US military to respond by infiltrating Afghanistan?
A4: Within a month
Q5: By which month, were the Taliban no longer controlling Kabul?
A5: December
Samurai (Language and literature)

Just in the last two decades,[when?] samurai have become more popular in America. “Hyperbolizing the samurai in such a way that they appear as a whole to be a loyal body of master warriors provides international interest in certain characters due to admirable traits” (Moscardi, N.D.). Through various medium, producers and writers have been capitalizing on the notion that Americans admire the samurai lifestyle. The animated series, Afro Samurai, became well-liked in American popular culture due to its blend of hack-and-slash animation and gritty urban music.

Q1: Who said America hyperbolizes the samurai?
A1: Moscardi, N.D.
Q2: What kind of animation did Afro Samurai have?
A2: hack-and-slash
Q3: What kind of music did Afro Samurai have?
A3: gritty urban
Southampton (Geography and places)

Just over a quarter of the jobs available in the city are in the health and education sector. A further 19 per cent are property and other business and the third largest sector is wholesale and retail, which accounts for 16.2 percent. Between 1995 and 2004, the number of jobs in Southampton has increased by 18.5 per cent.

Q1: What sector provides about a quarter of Southampton's available jobs?
A1: health and education
Q2: What percentage of available jobs in Southampton are in the property/other business sector?
A2: 19
Q3: What's the third largest sector providing jobs in Southampton?
A3: wholesale and retail
Q4: By what percentage did available jobs increase in Southampton between 1995 and 2004?
A4: 18.5
Q5: What percentage of available jobs in Southampton are in wholesale and retail industries?
A5: 16.2
University_of_Kansas (Geography and places)

KU Endowment was established in 1891 as America’s first foundation for a public university. Its mission is to partner with donors in providing philanthropic support to build a greater University of Kansas.

Q1: What is the name of the University of Kansas's foundation?
A1: KU Endowment
Q2: When was the KU Endowment founded?
A2: 1891
Q3: To whom does the KU Endowment seek to connect with?
A3: donors
Q4: What do donors offer to the University of Kansas?
A4: philanthropic support
University_of_Kansas (Geography and places)

KU football dates from 1890, and has played in the Orange Bowl three times: 1948, 1968, and 2008. They are currently coached by David Beaty, who was hired in 2014. In 2008, under the leadership of Mark Mangino, the #7 Jayhawks emerged victorious in their first BCS bowl game, the FedEx Orange Bowl, with a 24–21 victory over the #3 Virginia Tech Hokies. This capstone victory marked the end of the most successful season in school history, in which the Jayhawks went 12–1 (.923). The team plays at Memorial Stadium, which recently underwent a $31 million renovation to add the Anderson Family Football Complex, adding a football practice facility adjacent to the stadium complete with indoor partial practice field, weight room, and new locker room.

Q1: When did KU start fielding a football team?
A1: 1890
Q2: How many times has the team from the University of Kansas appeared in the Orange Bowl?
A2: three
Q3: Who is the current head of KU's football program?
A3: David Beaty
Q4: Who did KU defeat in the 2008 Orange Bowl?
A4: Virginia Tech Hokies
Q5: What is the name of the facility that the KU football team plays in?
A5: Memorial Stadium
University_of_Kansas (Geography and places)

KU is home to the Robert J. Dole Institute of Politics, the Beach Center on Disability, Lied Center of Kansas and radio stations KJHK, 90.7 FM, and KANU, 91.5 FM. The university is host to several museums including the University of Kansas Natural History Museum and the Spencer Museum of Art. The libraries of the University include the Watson Library, Spencer Research Library, and Anschutz Library, which commemorates the businessman Philip Anschutz, an alumnus of the University.

Q1: What part of KU serves students learning about government?
A1: the Robert J. Dole Institute of Politics
Q2: What are two radio stations that broadcast from KU?
A2: KJHK, 90.7 FM, and KANU, 91.5 FM
Q3: What is the name of a fine art institution on the campus of KU?
A3: the Spencer Museum of Art
Q4: Which library is dedicated to a former student of the University of Kansas?
A4: Anschutz Library
Q5: Whom is the Anschutz Library named for?
A5: Philip Anschutz
University_of_Kansas (Geography and places)

KU's Edwards Campus is in Overland Park, Kansas. Established in 1993, its goal is to provide adults with the opportunity to complete college degrees. About 2,100 students attend the Edwards Campus, with an average age of 32. Programs available at the Edwards Campus include developmental psychology, public administration, social work, systems analysis, information technology, engineering management and design.

Q1: In what city is the Edwards Campus located?
A1: Overland Park
Q2: When was the Edwards Campus built?
A2: 1993
Q3: Who are the main kinds of students at the Edwards Campus?
A3: adults
Q4: What is the average age of students on KU's Edwards Campus?
A4: 32
Q5: What can adult learners obtain through studying at the Edwards Campus of the University of Kansas?
A5: college degrees
University_of_Kansas (Geography and places)

KU's School of Business launched interdisciplinary management science graduate studies in operations research during Fall Semester 1965. The program provided the foundation for decision science applications supporting NASA Project Apollo Command Capsule Recovery Operations.

Q1: What was launched in 1965 by the business school at KU?
A1: interdisciplinary management science graduate studies in operations research
Q2: What kind of applications did the interdisciplinary program help shape?
A2: decision science
Q3: Which government agency used the applications that were informed by KU's interdisciplinary management program?
A3: NASA
Q4: What NASA program benefited from the use of decision science applications?
A4: NASA Project Apollo Command Capsule Recovery Operations
Q5: In what year was a new interdisciplinary management program launched at KU's School of Business?
A5: 1965
University_of_Kansas (Geography and places)

KU's academic computing department was an active participant in setting up the Internet and is the developer of the early Lynx text based web browser. Lynx itself provided hypertext browsing and navigation prior to Tim Berners Lee's invention of HTTP and HTML.

Q1: What division of the University of Kansas contributed to the development of the internet?
A1: academic computing
Q2: What kind of software is Lynx?
A2: text based web browser
Q3: What was made possible by Lynx?
A3: hypertext browsing and navigation
History_of_India (History)

Kadamba (345 – 525 CE) was an ancient royal dynasty of Karnataka, India that ruled northern Karnataka and the Konkan from Banavasi in present-day Uttara Kannada district. At the peak of their power under King Kakushtavarma, the Kadambas of Banavasi ruled large parts of modern Karnataka state. The dynasty was founded by Mayurasharma in 345 CE which at later times showed the potential of developing into imperial proportions, an indication to which is provided by the titles and epithets assumed by its rulers. King Mayurasharma defeated the armies of Pallavas of Kanchi possibly with help of some native tribes. The Kadamba fame reached its peak during the rule of Kakusthavarma, a notable ruler with whom even the kings of Gupta Dynasty of northern India cultivated marital alliances. The Kadambas were contemporaries of the Western Ganga Dynasty and together they formed the earliest native kingdoms to rule the land with absolute autonomy. The dynasty later continued to rule as a feudatory of larger Kannada empires, the Chalukya and the Rashtrakuta empires, for over five hundred years during which time they branched into minor dynasties known as the Kadambas of Goa, Kadambas of Halasi and Kadambas of Hangal.

Q1: During what time did Kadamba rule northern Karnataka?
A1: 345 – 525 CE
Q2: Where did the Kadamba dynasty originate?
A2: Karnataka, India
Q3: What ruler ruled at the peak of Kadamba power?
A3: King Kakushtavarma
Q4: Who founded the Kamdamba dynasty?
A4: Mayurasharma
Q5: What dynasty made military alliances with the Kamdamba?
A5: Gupta Dynasty
Kanye_West (Music)

Kanye Omari West (/ˈkɑːnjeɪ/; born June 8, 1977) is an American hip hop recording artist, record producer, rapper, fashion designer, and entrepreneur. He is among the most acclaimed musicians of the 21st century, attracting both praise and controversy for his work and his outspoken public persona.

Q1: What year was Kanye born?
A1: 1977
Q2: What kind of music does Kanye West perform?
A2: hip hop
Q3: What is Kanye West's middle name?
A3: Omari
Q4: When is Kanye West's birthday?
A4: June 8, 1977
Kanye_West (Music)

Kanye Omari West was born on June 8, 1977 in Atlanta, Georgia. His parents divorced when he was three and he and his mother moved to Chicago, Illinois. His father, Ray West, is a former Black Panther and was one of the first black photojournalists at The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Ray West was later a Christian counselor, and in 2006, opened the Good Water Store and Café in Lexington Park, Maryland with startup capital from his son. West's mother, Dr. Donda C. (Williams) West, was a professor of English at Clark Atlanta University, and the Chair of the English Department at Chicago State University before retiring to serve as his manager. West was raised in a middle-class background, attending Polaris High School in suburban Oak Lawn, Illinois after living in Chicago.

Q1: What subject did Kanye's mother teach at her university?
A1: English
Q2: What Georgia city was Kanye West born?
A2: Atlanta
Q3: What was the name of the business that Kanye West helped fund in 2006?
A3: Good Water Store and Café
Q4: Where did Kanye West's mother work before becoming his manager?
A4: Chicago State University
Q5: What was the name of Kanye West's high school?
A5: Polaris High School
Kanye_West (Music)

Kanye West began his early production career in the mid-1990s, making beats primarily for burgeoning local artists, eventually developing a style that involved speeding up vocal samples from classic soul records. His first official production credits came at the age of nineteen when he produced eight tracks on Down to Earth, the 1996 debut album of a Chicago rapper named Grav. For a time, West acted as a ghost producer for Deric "D-Dot" Angelettie. Because of his association with D-Dot, West wasn't able to release a solo album, so he formed and became a member and producer of the Go-Getters, a late-1990s Chicago rap group composed of him, GLC, Timmy G, Really Doe, and Arrowstar. His group was managed by John "Monopoly" Johnson, Don Crowley, and Happy Lewis under the management firm Hustle Period. After attending a series of promotional photo shoots and making some radio appearances, The Go-Getters released their first and only studio album World Record Holders in 1999. The album featured other Chicago-based rappers such as Rhymefest, Mikkey Halsted, Miss Criss, and Shayla G. Meanwhile, the production was handled by West, Arrowstar, Boogz, and Brian "All Day" Miller.

Q1: Who were the beats Kanye made in the 90's originally intended for?
A1: local artists
Q2: What types of records did Kanye sample in his early career.
A2: classic soul records
Q3: What music group did Kanye join when he couldn't release his solo album?
A3: Go-Getters
Q4: In what time period did Kanye begin producing?
A4: mid-1990s
Q5: When did Kanye West start his production career?
A5: mid-1990s
Q6: For which artist did Kanye West act as a ghost producer? 
A6: Deric "D-Dot" Angelettie
Q7: What late 1990s Chicago rap group was Kanye West a member of?
A7: Go-Getters
Q8: What firm managed Kanye West's rap group? 
A8: Hustle Period
Q9: What year was the first Go-Getters album released? 
A9: 1999
Red (Natural sciences)

Karl Marx published the Communist Manifesto in February 1848, with little attention. However, a few days later the French Revolution of 1848 broke out, which replaced the monarchy of Louis Philippe with the Second French Republic. In June 1848, Paris workers, disenchanted with the new government, built barricades and raised red flags. The new government called in the French Army to put down the uprising, the first of many such confrontations between the army and the new worker's movements in Europe.

Q1: When was the Communist Manifesto first created?
A1: February 1848
Q2: Who wrote the Communist Manifesto?
A2: Karl Marx
Q3: The French Revolution resulted in the fall of which monarch?
A3: Louis Philippe
Q4: When did the 19th century workers of Paris construct barricades and hoist red flags to protest their new government?
A4: June 1848
Q5: Who was tasked with stopping the late 19th century worker uprisings in France?
A5: the French Army
Karl_Popper (Natural sciences)

Karl Popper was born in Vienna (then in Austria-Hungary) in 1902, to upper middle-class parents. All of Karl Popper's grandparents were Jewish, but the Popper family converted to Lutheranism before Karl was born, and so he received Lutheran baptism. They understood this as part of their cultural assimilation, not as an expression of devout belief. Karl's father Simon Siegmund Carl Popper was a lawyer from Bohemia and a doctor of law at the Vienna University, and mother Jenny Schiff was of Silesian and Hungarian descent. After establishing themselves in Vienna, the Poppers made a rapid social climb in Viennese society: Simon Siegmund Carl became a partner in the law firm of Vienna's liberal Burgomaster Herr Grübl and, after Grübl's death in 1898, Simon took over the business. (Malachi Hacohen records that Herr Grübl's first name was Raimund, after which Karl received his middle name. Popper himself, in his autobiography, erroneously recalls that Herr Grübl's first name was Carl.) His father was a bibliophile who had 12,000–14,000 volumes in his personal library. Popper inherited both the library and the disposition from him.

Q1: In which city was Karl Popper born?
A1: Vienna
Q2: What religion did Popper's family observe during his youth?
A2: Lutheranism
Q3: Whose law firm did Popper's father join in Vienna?
A3: Burgomaster Herr Grübl
Q4: What numerical range of volumes did Popper's father keep in his library?
A4: 12,000–14,000
Q5: What disposition regarding books did Popper inherit from his father?
A5: bibliophile
Karl_Popper (Natural sciences)

Karl Popper's rejection of Marxism during his teenage years left a profound mark on his thought. He had at one point joined a socialist association, and for a few months in 1919 considered himself a communist. During this time he became familiar with the Marxist view of economics, class-war, and history. Although he quickly became disillusioned with the views expounded by Marxism, his flirtation with the ideology led him to distance himself from those who believed that spilling blood for the sake of a revolution was necessary. He came to realise that when it came to sacrificing human lives, one was to think and act with extreme prudence.

Q1: What political philosophy that attracted Popper as a teenager had a profound influence on his thinking going forward?
A1: Marxism
Q2: For a time during which year did Popper consider himself a communist?
A2: 1919
Q3: At which stage of life was Popper most strongly influenced by Marxist thinking?
A3: teenage years
Q4: How did Popper feel about Marxism after only a short time associating with other Marxists?
A4: disillusioned
MP3 (Engineering and technology)

Karlheinz Brandenburg used a CD recording of Suzanne Vega's song "Tom's Diner" to assess and refine the MP3 compression algorithm. This song was chosen because of its nearly monophonic nature and wide spectral content, making it easier to hear imperfections in the compression format during playbacks. Some refer to Suzanne Vega as "The mother of MP3". This particular track has an interesting property in that the two channels are almost, but not completely, the same, leading to a case where Binaural Masking Level Depression causes spatial unmasking of noise artifacts unless the encoder properly recognizes the situation and applies corrections similar to those detailed in the MPEG-2 AAC psychoacoustic model. Some more critical audio excerpts (glockenspiel, triangle, accordion, etc.) were taken from the EBU V3/SQAM reference compact disc and have been used by professional sound engineers to assess the subjective quality of the MPEG Audio formats.

Q1: What type of recording did Brandenburg use?
A1: CD
Q2: What did Brandenburg use the recording to refine?
A2: the MP3 compression algorithm
Q3: What word describes the nature of the song used?
A3: monophonic
Q4: As a result of her song being used, Suzanne Vega is sometimes referred to as what?
A4: The mother of MP3
Q5: Excerpts were taken from which reference compact disc to assess the subjective quality of the MPEG audio formats?
A5: EBU V3/SQAM
Race_(human_categorization) (Natural sciences)

Kaszycka et al. (2009) in 2002–2003 surveyed European anthropologists' opinions toward the biological race concept. Three factors, country of academic education, discipline, and age, were found to be significant in differentiating the replies. Those educated in Western Europe, physical anthropologists, and middle-aged persons rejected race more frequently than those educated in Eastern Europe, people in other branches of science, and those from both younger and older generations." The survey shows that the views on race are sociopolitically (ideologically) influenced and highly dependent on education."

Q1: What years did Kaszycka survey Eureopean anthropolgists' opinions toward the biological race concept?
A1: 2002–2003
Q2: How many factors were found to be significant in differentiating the responses of European anthropologists?
A2: Three
Q3: What did the people educated in Western Europe reject more frequently than those educated in Eastern Europe?
A3: race
Q4: How are views on race influenced?
A4: ideologically
Q5: What are views on race highly dependent on?
A5: education