LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
The_Blitz (History)

Airborne Interception radar (AI) was unreliable. The heavy fighting in the Battle of Britain had eaten up most of Fighter Command's resources, so there was little investment in night fighting. Bombers were flown with airborne search lights out of desperation[citation needed], but to little avail. Of greater potential was the GL (Gunlaying) radar and searchlights with fighter direction from RAF fighter control rooms to begin a GCI system (Ground Control-led Interception) under Group-level control (No. 10 Group RAF, No. 11 Group RAF and No. 12 Group RAF).

Q1: What was considered unreliable?
A1: Airborne Interception radar
Q2: What used most of Fighter Command's resources?
A2: the Battle of Britain
Q3: The bombers used what out of desperation?
A3: airborne search lights
Q4: Gunlaying radar and RAF controls combined to create what system?
A4: Ground Control-led Interception
United_States_Air_Force (Warfare)

Airlift is "operations to transport and deliver forces and materiel through the air in support of strategic, operational, or tactical objectives" (AFDD 3–17, Air Mobility Operations). The rapid and flexible options afforded by airlift allow military forces and national leaders the ability to respond and operate in a variety of situations and time frames. The global reach capability of airlift provides the ability to apply US power worldwide by delivering forces to crisis locations. It serves as a US presence that demonstrates resolve and compassion in humanitarian crisis.

Q1: What is the definition of Airlift according to the Air Mobility Operations? 
A1: operations to transport and deliver forces and materiel through the air
Q2: What objectives does Airlift support? 
A2: strategic, operational, or tactical
Q3: How does the US employ the global reach capability of airlift? 
A3: delivering forces to crisis locations
Q4: What does this US presence represent during a humanitarian crisis? 
A4: resolve and compassion
Airport (Engineering and technology)

Airport construction boomed during the 1960s with the increase in jet aircraft traffic. Runways were extended out to 3,000 m (9,800 ft). The fields were constructed out of reinforced concrete using a slip-form machine that produces a continual slab with no disruptions along the length. The early 1960s also saw the introduction of jet bridge systems to modern airport terminals, an innovation which eliminated outdoor passenger boarding. These systems became commonplace in the United States by the 1970s.

Q1: Why did airport construction boom during the 1960s?
A1: increase in jet aircraft traffic
Q2: How far were runways extended out?
A2: 9,800 ft
Q3: What was constructed out of reinforced concrete?
A3: The fields
Q4: When were jet bridge systems introduced to modern airport terminals?
A4: early 1960s
Airport (Engineering and technology)

Airports are divided into landside and airside areas. Landside areas include parking lots, public transportation train stations and access roads. Airside areas include all areas accessible to aircraft, including runways, taxiways and aprons. Access from landside areas to airside areas is tightly controlled at most airports. Passengers on commercial flights access airside areas through terminals, where they can purchase tickets, clear security check, or claim luggage and board aircraft through gates. The waiting areas which provide passenger access to aircraft are typically called concourses, although this term is often used interchangeably with terminal.

Q1: Airports are divided into what two areas?
A1: landside and airside
Q2: What do landside areas include?
A2: parking lots, public transportation train stations and access roads
Q3: What do airside areas include?
A3: all areas accessible to aircraft, including runways, taxiways and aprons
Q4: Where can passengers purchase tickets?
A4: terminals
Q5: What is the waiting area which provide passengers access to aircraft?
A5: concourses
Airport (Engineering and technology)

Airports have played major roles in films and television programs due to their very nature as a transport and international hub, and sometimes because of distinctive architectural features of particular airports. One such example of this is The Terminal, a film about a man who becomes permanently grounded in an airport terminal and must survive only on the food and shelter provided by the airport. They are also one of the major elements in movies such as The V.I.P.s, Airplane!, Airport (1970), Die Hard 2, Soul Plane, Jackie Brown, Get Shorty, Home Alone, Liar Liar, Passenger 57, Final Destination (2000), Unaccompanied Minors, Catch Me If You Can, Rendition and The Langoliers. They have also played important parts in television series like Lost, The Amazing Race, America's Next Top Model, Cycle 10 which have significant parts of their story set within airports. In other programmes and films, airports are merely indicative of journeys, e.g. Good Will Hunting.

Q1: What is the title of the film where a man becomes permanently grounded in an airport terminal?
A1: The Terminal
Q2: When was the movie Airport made?
A2: 1970
Q3: When was the movie Final Destination released?
A3: 2000
Airport (Engineering and technology)

Airports may also contain premium and VIP services. The premium and VIP services may include express check-in and dedicated check-in counters. These services are usually reserved for First and Business class passengers, premium frequent flyers, and members of the airline's clubs. Premium services may sometimes be open to passengers who are members of a different airline's frequent flyer program. This can sometimes be part of a reciprocal deal, as when multiple airlines are part of the same alliance, or as a ploy to attract premium customers away from rival airlines.

Q1: What are some services that are offered by VIP services?
A1: express check-in and dedicated check-in counters
Q2: These services are usually reserved for what class of passengers?
A2: First and Business class
Q3: What type of services are sometimes open to passengers who are members of a different airline's frequent flyer program?
A3: Premium services
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

Ajahn Sucitto describes the path as "a mandala of interconnected factors that support and moderate each other." The eight factors of the path are not to be understood as stages, in which each stage is completed before moving on to the next. Rather, they are understood as eight significant dimensions of one's behaviour—mental, spoken, and bodily—that operate in dependence on one another; taken together, they define a complete path, or way of living.

Q1: Who describes the Noble Eightfold Path as "a mandala of interconnected factors that support and moderate each other."?
A1: Ajahn Sucitto
Q2: How are the eight factors of the Noble Eightfold Path to be understood?
A2: as eight significant dimensions of one's behaviour
Q3: What can one's behaviour be divided into?
A3: mental, spoken, and bodily
Q4: Who describes the path as "a mandala of interconnected factor that support and moderate each other"?
A4: Ajahn Sucitto
History_of_India (History)

Akbar's son, Jahangir more or less followed father's policy. The Mughal dynasty ruled most of the Indian subcontinent by 1600. The reign of Shah Jahan was the golden age of Mughal architecture. He erected several large monuments, the most famous of which is the Taj Mahal at Agra, as well as the Moti Masjid, Agra, the Red Fort, the Jama Masjid, Delhi, and the Lahore Fort. The Mughal Empire reached the zenith of its territorial expanse during the reign of Aurangzeb and also started its terminal decline in his reign due to Maratha military resurgence under Shivaji. Historian Sir. J.N. Sarkar wrote, "All seemed to have been gained by Aurangzeb now, but in reality all was lost." The same was echoed by Vincent Smith: "The Deccan proved to be the graveyard not only of Aurangzeb's body but also of his empire".

Q1: By what date did the Mughal dynasty rule most of India?
A1: 1600
Q2: What famous monument did Shah Jahan build at Agra?
A2: Taj Mahal
Q3: During whose reign did the Mughal Empire reach its greatest expanse?
A3: Aurangzeb
Q4: What actions caused the decline of the Mughal Empire?
A4: Maratha military resurgence
Q5: What reached it height during the reign of Shah Jehan?
A5: Mughal architecture
Madrasa (Language and literature)

Al-Azhar University, founded in Cairo, Egypt in 975 by the Ismaʻīlī Shīʻī Fatimid dynasty as a jāmiʻah, had individual faculties for a theological seminary, Islamic law and jurisprudence, Arabic grammar, Islamic astronomy, early Islamic philosophy and logic in Islamic philosophy. The postgraduate doctorate in law was only obtained after "an oral examination to determine the originality of the candidate's theses", and to test the student's "ability to defend them against all objections, in disputations set up for the purpose." ‘Abd al-Laṭīf al-Baghdādī also delivered lectures on Islamic medicine at al-Azhar, while Maimonides delivered lectures on medicine and astronomy there during the time of Saladin. Another early jāmiʻah was the Niẓāmīyah of Baghdād (founded 1091), which has been called the "largest university of the Medieval world." Mustansiriya University, established by the ʻAbbāsid caliph al-Mustanṣir in 1233, in addition to teaching the religious subjects, offered courses dealing with philosophy, mathematics and the natural sciences.

Q1: When was Al-Azhar University founded?
A1: 975
Q2: Where is Al-Azhar University located?
A2: Cairo, Egypt
Q3: What was required to earn a law degree at Al-Azhar University?
A3: an oral examination
Q4: Who was an astronomy professor at Al-Azhar University?
A4: Maimonides
Q5: What is Nizamiyah of Baghdad most known for?
A5: largest university of the Medieval world
Black_people (Language and literature)

Alan Dershowitz described Sudan as an example of a government that "actually deserve(s)" the appellation "apartheid." Former Canadian Minister of Justice Irwin Cotler echoed the accusation.

Q1: Who was the Canadian Minister of Justice?
A1: Irwin Cotler
Q2: How did Alan Dershozitz describe the Sudan?
A2: an example of a government that "actually deserve(s)" the appellation "apartheid."
Q3: Who argeed with Dershowitz?
A3: Irwin Cotler
Q4: Where did Irwin Cotler live?
A4: Canadian
Alaska (Geography and places)

Alaska (i/əˈlæskə/) is a U.S. state situated in the northwest extremity of the Americas. The Canadian administrative divisions of British Columbia and Yukon border the state to the east while Russia has a maritime border with the state to the west across the Bering Strait. To the north are the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas, the southern parts of the Arctic Ocean. To the south and southwest is the Pacific Ocean. Alaska is the largest state in the United States by area, the 3rd least populous and the least densely populated of the 50 United States. Approximately half of Alaska's residents (the total estimated at 738,432 by the Census Bureau in 2015) live within the Anchorage metropolitan area. Alaska's economy is dominated by the fishing, natural gas, and oil industries, resources which it has in abundance. Military bases and tourism are also a significant part of the economy.

Q1: How many of Alaska's residents reside in the Anchorage area?
A1: Approximately half
Q2: What is Alaska's total population according to the 2015 Census?
A2: 738,432
Q3: Which industries are most prevalent in Alaska's economy?
A3: fishing, natural gas, and oil
Q4: Where does Alaska rank in population comparative to other US states?
A4: 3rd least populous
Q5: How does Alaska compare in size to other US states?
A5: largest state in the United States by area
Alaska (Geography and places)

Alaska has few road connections compared to the rest of the U.S. The state's road system covers a relatively small area of the state, linking the central population centers and the Alaska Highway, the principal route out of the state through Canada. The state capital, Juneau, is not accessible by road, only a car ferry, which has spurred several debates over the decades about moving the capital to a city on the road system, or building a road connection from Haines. The western part of Alaska has no road system connecting the communities with the rest of Alaska.

Q1: Why is there a debate about moving the capital of Alaska to another town?
A1: Juneau, is not accessible by road
Q2: Which part of Alaska has no road system connecting it to other areas?
A2: western part
Q3: Compared to the rest of the US, does Alaska has many or few road connections?
A3: few
Alaska (Geography and places)

Alaska has vast energy resources, although its oil reserves have been largely depleted. Major oil and gas reserves were found in the Alaska North Slope (ANS) and Cook Inlet basins, but according to the Energy Information Administration, by February 2014 Alaska had fallen to fourth place in the nation in crude oil production after Texas, North Dakota, and California. Prudhoe Bay on Alaska's North Slope is still the second highest-yielding oil field in the United States, typically producing about 400,000 barrels per day (64,000 m3/d), although by early 2014 North Dakota's Bakken Formation was producing over 900,000 barrels per day (140,000 m3/d). Prudhoe Bay was the largest conventional oil field ever discovered in North America, but was much smaller than Canada's enormous Athabasca oil sands field, which by 2014 was producing about 1,500,000 barrels per day (240,000 m3/d) of unconventional oil, and had hundreds of years of producible reserves at that rate.

Q1: What other states rank higher than Alaska in crude oil production?
A1: Texas, North Dakota, and California
Q2: How does Alaska rate in comparison with other states in crude oil production?
A2: fourth
Q3: Which area in Alaska is the nation's second highest-yielding oil field?
A3: Prudhoe Bay
Q4: How many barrels of oil does Prudhoe Bay produce per day?
A4: 400,000
Q5: Prudhoe Bay is second place in production to what other oil field in the US?
A5: North Dakota's Bakken Formation
Alaska (Geography and places)

Alaska is the northernmost and westernmost state in the United States and has the most easterly longitude in the United States because the Aleutian Islands extend into the eastern hemisphere. Alaska is the only non-contiguous U.S. state on continental North America; about 500 miles (800 km) of British Columbia (Canada) separates Alaska from Washington. It is technically part of the continental U.S., but is sometimes not included in colloquial use; Alaska is not part of the contiguous U.S., often called "the Lower 48". The capital city, Juneau, is situated on the mainland of the North American continent but is not connected by road to the rest of the North American highway system.

Q1: What are the contiguous states sometimes called?
A1: "the Lower 48"
Q2: What is Alaska's capital city?
A2: Juneau
Q3: How many miles are between Alaska and Washington state?
A3: 500
Q4: Which set of islands extend into the Eastern Hemisphere?
A4: Aleutian Islands
Alaska (Geography and places)

Alaska regularly supports Republicans in presidential elections and has done so since statehood. Republicans have won the state's electoral college votes in all but one election that it has participated in (1964). No state has voted for a Democratic presidential candidate fewer times. Alaska was carried by Democratic nominee Lyndon B. Johnson during his landslide election in 1964, while the 1960 and 1968 elections were close. Since 1972, however, Republicans have carried the state by large margins. In 2008, Republican John McCain defeated Democrat Barack Obama in Alaska, 59.49% to 37.83%. McCain's running mate was Sarah Palin, the state's governor and the first Alaskan on a major party ticket. Obama lost Alaska again in 2012, but he captured 40% of the state's vote in that election, making him the first Democrat to do so since 1968.

Q1: Which political party does Alaska generally support?
A1: Republicans
Q2: How many elections have Democrats won in Alaska?
A2: one
Q3: Which candidate was the only Democrat to win Alaska in a landslide election in 1964?
A3: Lyndon B. Johnson
Q4: Which Democratic candidate was the first to win 40% of the vote in Alaska since 1964?
A4: Barack Obama
Alaska (Geography and places)

Alaska's economy depends heavily on increasingly expensive diesel fuel for heating, transportation, electric power and light. Though wind and hydroelectric power are abundant and underdeveloped, proposals for statewide energy systems (e.g. with special low-cost electric interties) were judged uneconomical (at the time of the report, 2001) due to low (less than 50¢/gal) fuel prices, long distances and low population. The cost of a gallon of gas in urban Alaska today is usually 30–60¢ higher than the national average; prices in rural areas are generally significantly higher but vary widely depending on transportation costs, seasonal usage peaks, nearby petroleum development infrastructure and many other factors.

Q1: Why were alternative energy sources judged uneconomical in 2001?
A1: low (less than 50¢/gal) fuel prices, long distances and low population
Q2: How much does gas cost in Alaska, in comparison to the national average?
A2: 30–60¢ higher
Q3: What are some reasons why gas prices may vary in Alaska, especially?
A3: transportation costs, seasonal usage peaks, nearby petroleum development infrastructure
Q4: What does Alaska's economy heavily rely on?
A4: diesel fuel
Q5: What purpose does diesel fuel have in Alaska?
A5: heating, transportation, electric power and light
Alaska (Geography and places)

Alaska's internet and other data transport systems are provided largely through the two major telecommunications companies: GCI and Alaska Communications. GCI owns and operates what it calls the Alaska United Fiber Optic system and as of late 2011 Alaska Communications advertised that it has "two fiber optic paths to the lower 48 and two more across Alaska. In January 2011, it was reported that a $1 billion project to run connect Asia and rural Alaska was being planned, aided in part by $350 million in stimulus from the federal government.

Q1: Which two companies provide internet and data transport to Alaska?
A1: GCI and Alaska Communications
Q2: In what year was a project to connect Asia and rural Alaska announced?
A2: 2011
Q3: How much money did the federal government contribute via stimulus to the connectvitiy between Asia and Alaska?
A3: $350 million
Q4: Which company owns and operates the Alaska United Fiber Optic System?
A4: GCI
Alaska (Geography and places)

Alaska's well-developed state-owned ferry system (known as the Alaska Marine Highway) serves the cities of southeast, the Gulf Coast and the Alaska Peninsula. The ferries transport vehicles as well as passengers. The system also operates a ferry service from Bellingham, Washington and Prince Rupert, British Columbia in Canada through the Inside Passage to Skagway. The Inter-Island Ferry Authority also serves as an important marine link for many communities in the Prince of Wales Island region of Southeast and works in concert with the Alaska Marine Highway.

Q1: What is the name of Alaska's ferry system?
A1: the Alaska Marine Highway
Q2: Which other Ferry group works alongside the Alaska Marine Highway to coordinate travel?
A2: The Inter-Island Ferry Authority
Q3: Which areas does the Alaska Marine Highway serve?
A3: southeast, the Gulf Coast and the Alaska Peninsula
Athanasius_of_Alexandria (Philosophy and religion)

Alban Butler, writes on the subject: "Five months after this great Council, Nicae, St Alexander lying on his death-bed, recommended to his clergy and people the choice of Athanasius for his successor, thrice repeating his name. In consequence of his recommendation, the bishops of all Egypt assembled at Alexandria, and finding the people and clergy unanimous in their choice of Athanasius for patriarch, they confirmed the election about the middle of year 326. He seems, then, to have been about thirty years of age. " 

Q1: How did the people  know that Alexander had chosen Athanasius as his successor?
A1: thrice repeating his name
Q2: How old was Athanasius when he was chosen as Patriarch?
A2: thirty years
Q3: Who came to Alexandria to confirm the choice?
A3: bishops of all Egypt
Q4: Did all the people want him as Patriarch?
A4: unanimous in their choice
Q5: How long after the Council of Nicae did Alexander die?
A5: Five months
51st_state (Language and literature)

Albania has often been called the 51st state for its perceived strongly pro-American positions, mainly because of the United States' policies towards it. In reference to President George W. Bush's 2007 European tour, Edi Rama, Tirana's mayor and leader of the opposition Socialists, said: "Albania is for sure the most pro-American country in Europe, maybe even in the world ... Nowhere else can you find such respect and hospitality for the President of the United States. Even in Michigan, he wouldn't be as welcome." At the time of ex-Secretary of State James Baker's visit in 1992, there was even a move to hold a referendum declaring the country as the 51st American state. In addition to Albania, Kosovo which is predominately Albanian is seen as a 51st state due to the heavily presence and influence of the United States. The US has had troops and the largest base outside US territory, Camp Bondsteel in the territory since 1999.

Q1: Who is the mayor of Tirana?
A1: Edi Rama,
Q2: Who said that Albania is the most pro-American country in Europe?
A2: Edi Rama
Q3: When did James Baker visit Albania as Secretary of State?
A3: 1992
Q4: What is the name of the largest US military base outside of US territory?
A4: Camp Bondsteel
Modern_history (Philosophy and religion)

Albert Einstein is known for his theories of special relativity and general relativity. He also made important contributions to statistical mechanics, especially his mathematical treatment of Brownian motion, his resolution of the paradox of specific heats, and his connection of fluctuations and dissipation. Despite his reservations about its interpretation, Einstein also made contributions to quantum mechanics and, indirectly, quantum field theory, primarily through his theoretical studies of the photon.

Q1: What is Albert Einstein known for? 
A1: his theories of special relativity and general relativity
Q2: What did Einstein add to the Brownman Motion?
A2: mathematical treatment
Q3: What did Einstein discover a resolution to?
A3: the paradox of specific heats
Q4: What theory  did Einstein have reservations about?
A4: quantum field theory
Bern (Geography and places)

Albert Einstein lived in a flat at the Kramgasse 49, the site of the Einsteinhaus, from 1903 to 1905, the year in which the Annus Mirabilis Papers were published.

Q1: Where is Albert Einstein live?
A1: the Kramgasse 49
Q2: What was published the same years?
A2: Annus Mirabilis Papers
Q3: What is the flat that Einstein called?
A3: Einsteinhaus
Philosophy_of_space_and_time (Philosophy and religion)

Albert Einstein proposed that the laws of physics should be based on the principle of relativity. This principle holds that the rules of physics must be the same for all observers, regardless of the frame of reference that is used, and that light propagates at the same speed in all reference frames. This theory was motivated by Maxwell's equations, which show that electromagnetic waves propagate in a vacuum at the speed of light. However, Maxwell's equations give no indication of what this speed is relative to. Prior to Einstein, it was thought that this speed was relative to a fixed medium, called the luminiferous ether. In contrast, the theory of special relativity postulates that light propagates at the speed of light in all inertial frames, and examines the implications of this postulate.

Q1: lbert Einstein proposed that the laws of physics should be based on what principle?
A1: relativity
Q2: The principle of relativity holds that the rules of physics must be the same for who?
A2: all observers
Q3: In all reference frames, how is the the speed of light?
A3: the same
Q4: Einstein's theory was motivated by who?
A4: Maxwell
Q5: Before Einstein, speed was though to be relative to what?
A5: the luminiferous ether