LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Estonian_language (Language and literature)

The most famous reformer of Estonian, Johannes Aavik (1880–1973), used creations ex nihilo (cf. ‘free constructions’, Tauli 1977), along with other sources of lexical enrichment such as derivations, compositions and loanwords (often from Finnish; cf. Saareste and Raun 1965: 76). In Aavik’s dictionary (1921), which lists approximately 4000 words, there are many words which were (allegedly) created ex nihilo, many of which are in common use today. Examples are

Q1: Of all of Estonian's language reformers who is the most well known?
A1: Johannes Aavik
Q2: What was the period of time in which Johannes Aavik was alive?
A2: 1880–1973
Q3: What is the technique Aavic used to create Estonian words out of nothing?
A3: creations ex nihilo
Q4: In what publication can examples of ex nihilo words be found?
A4: Aavik’s dictionary
Q5: How many words did Aavik put in his dictionary?
A5: approximately 4000
Seven_Years%27_War (History)

The most important French fort planned was intended to occupy a position at "the Forks" where the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers meet to form the Ohio River (present day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). Peaceful British attempts to halt this fort construction were unsuccessful, and the French proceeded to build the fort they named Fort Duquesne. British colonial militia from Virginia were then sent to drive them out. Led by George Washington, they ambushed a small French force at Jumonville Glen on 28 May 1754 killing ten, including commander Jumonville. The French retaliated by attacking Washington's army at Fort Necessity on 3 July 1754 and forced Washington to surrender.

Q1: Where did the French build Fort Duquesne?
A1: the Forks" where the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers meet to form the Ohio River
Q2: What city is now located where Fort Duquesne was built?
A2: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Q3: Were the British successful in stopping the building of Fort Duquesne?
A3: British attempts to halt this fort construction were unsuccessful
Q4: Who led the British militia to drive the French out of Fort Duquesne?
A4: Led by George Washington
Q5: Where did the French for General George Washington's surrender?
A5: Fort Necessity
Galicia_(Spain) (Geography and places)

The most important Galician fishing port is the Port of Vigo; It is one of the world's leading fishing ports, second only to Tokyo, with an annual catch worth 1,500 million euros. In 2007 the port took in 732,951 metric tons (721,375 long tons; 807,940 short tons) of fish and seafood, and about 4,000,000 metric tons (3,900,000 long tons; 4,400,000 short tons) of other cargoes. Other important ports are Ferrol, A Coruña, and the smaller ports of Marín and Vilagarcía de Arousa, as well as important recreational ports in Pontevedra and Burela. Beyond these, Galicia has 120 other organized ports.

Q1: Which port is Galicia's most important?
A1: Vigo
Q2: Which Japanese fishing port is Galicia's second to?
A2: Tokyo
Q3: Aside from the larger ports, roughly how many other organized ports are there?
A3: 120
Sumer (History)

The most important archaeological discoveries in Sumer are a large number of tablets written in cuneiform. Sumerian writing, while proven to be not the oldest example of writing on earth, is considered to be a great milestone in the development of man's ability to not only create historical records but also in creating pieces of literature both in the form of poetic epics and stories as well as prayers and laws. Although pictures — that is, hieroglyphs — were first used, cuneiform and then Ideograms (where symbols were made to represent ideas) soon followed. Triangular or wedge-shaped reeds were used to write on moist clay. A large body of hundreds of thousands of texts in the Sumerian language have survived, such as personal or business letters, receipts, lexical lists, laws, hymns, prayers, stories, daily records, and even libraries full of clay tablets. Monumental inscriptions and texts on different objects like statues or bricks are also very common. Many texts survive in multiple copies because they were repeatedly transcribed by scribes-in-training. Sumerian continued to be the language of religion and law in Mesopotamia long after Semitic speakers had become dominant.

Q1: What were the most important discoveries for archaeologists from Sumer?
A1: tablets written in cuneiform
Q2: What is Sumerian writing considered to be in the development of man's ability to create literature?
A2: milestone
Q3: What followed cuneiform in writing?
A3: Ideograms
Q4: How many texts in the Sumerian language have survived to modern day?
A4: hundreds of thousands
Q5: What was the Sumerian language used for long have their civilization had diminished? 
A5: religion and law in Mesopotamia
Tibet (Geography and places)

The most important crop in Tibet is barley, and dough made from barley flour—called tsampa—is the staple food of Tibet. This is either rolled into noodles or made into steamed dumplings called momos. Meat dishes are likely to be yak, goat, or mutton, often dried, or cooked into a spicy stew with potatoes. Mustard seed is cultivated in Tibet, and therefore features heavily in its cuisine. Yak yogurt, butter and cheese are frequently eaten, and well-prepared yogurt is considered something of a prestige item. Butter tea is very popular to drink.

Q1: What is the most important crop in Tibet?
A1: barley
Q2: What is dough made from barley flour called?
A2: tsampa
Q3: What are steamed dumplings called?
A3: momos
Q4: What is a popular drink in Tibet?
A4: Butter tea
Q5: What seed is cultivated in Tibet?
A5: Mustard
Portugal (Geography and places)

The most important demographic influence in the modern Portuguese seems to be the oldest one; current interpretation of Y-chromosome and mtDNA data suggests that the Portuguese have their origin in Paleolithic peoples that began arriving to the European continent around 45,000 years ago. All subsequent migrations did leave an impact, genetically and culturally, but the main population source of the Portuguese is still Paleolithic. Genetic studies show Portuguese populations not to be significantly different from other European populations.

Q1: In what group of people do the Portuguese have their origin?
A1: Paleolithic peoples
Q2: When did people first start arriving in the European continent?
A2: 45,000 years ago
Q3: What is the main population source of the Portuguese people?
A3: Paleolithic
Mosaic (Art and architecture)

The most important early Islamic mosaic work is the decoration of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, then capital of the Arab Caliphate. The mosque was built between 706 and 715. The caliph obtained 200 skilled workers from the Byzantine Emperor to decorate the building. This is evidenced by the partly Byzantine style of the decoration. The mosaics of the inner courtyard depict Paradise with beautiful trees, flowers and small hill towns and villages in the background. The mosaics include no human figures, which makes them different from the otherwise similar contemporary Byzantine works. The biggest continuous section survives under the western arcade of the courtyard, called the "Barada Panel" after the river Barada. It is thought that the mosque used to have the largest gold mosaic in the world, at over 4 m2. In 1893 a fire damaged the mosque extensively, and many mosaics were lost, although some have been restored since.

Q1: Where is the most important Islamic mosaic work?
A1: the Umayyad Mosque
Q2: Where is the the Umayyad Mosque located?
A2: Damascus
Q3: What was the significance of Damascus during this time period?
A3: capital of the Arab Caliphate
Q4: What is the largest section of mosaic still present in the Umayyad Mosque?
A4: the "Barada Panel"
Q5: What happened in 1893 that destroyed most of the mosaics in the mosque?
A5: a fire
The_Blitz (History)

The most important existing communal shelters were the London Underground stations. Although many civilians had used them as such during the First World War, the government in 1939 refused to allow the stations to be used as shelters so as not to interfere with commuter and troop travel, and the fears that occupants might refuse to leave. Underground officials were ordered to lock station entrances during raids; but by the second week of heavy bombing the government relented and ordered the stations to be opened. Each day orderly lines of people queued until 4 pm, when they were allowed to enter the stations. In mid-September 1940 about 150,000 a night slept in the Underground, although by the winter and spring months the numbers had declined to 100,000 or less. Noises of battle were muffled and sleep was easier in the deepest stations, but many were killed from direct hits on several stations.

Q1: Why did the government refuse to allow the London Underground stations to be used as shelters?
A1: interfere with commuter and troop travel
Q2: Underground officials were ordered to lock the stations during raids but opened how long after the orders?
A2: by the second week
Q3: In 1940 how many people were sleeping in the Underground stations?
A3: 150,000 a night
Q4: Muffling the sound of batter made what easier in the Underground Stations?
A4: sleep
Q5: Why were many killed in Underground Stations?
A5: direct hits
Thuringia (History)

The most important river in Thuringia is the Saale (a tributary of the Elbe) with its tributaries Unstrut, Ilm and Weiße Elster, draining the most parts of Thuringia and the Werra (the headwater of the Weser), draining the south-west and west of the Land. Furthermore, some small parts on the southern border are drained by tributaries of the Main (a tributary of the Rhine). There are no large natural lakes in Thuringia, but it does have some of Germany's biggest dams including the Bleiloch Dam and the Hohenwarte Dam at Saale river same as the Leibis-Lichte Dam and the Goldisthal Pumped Storage Station within the Highland. Thuringia is Germany's only state without connection to navigable waterways.

Q1: Which river in Thuringia is the most important?
A1: the Saale
Q2: Are there any large lakes in Thuringia?
A2: There are no large natural lakes in Thuringia
Q3: What are some of the large dams located in Thuringia?
A3: the Bleiloch Dam and the Hohenwarte Dam
Q4: Which tributary is located on the southern border? 
A4: the Main (a tributary of the Rhine)
Hellenistic_period (History)

The most important source after Polybius is Diodorus Siculus who wrote his Bibliotheca historica between 60 and 30 BCE and reproduced some important earlier sources such as Hieronymus, but his account of the Hellenistic period breaks off after the battle of Ipsus (301). Another important source, Plutarch's (c.50—c.120) Parallel Lives though more preoccupied with issues of personal character and morality, outlines the history of important Hellenistic figures. Appian of Alexandria (late first century CE-before 165 CE) wrote a history of the Roman empire that includes information of some Hellenistic kingdoms.

Q1: When did Diodorus Siculus write Bibliotheca historica?
A1: 60 and 30 BCE
Q2: What battle marks the end of Diodorus Siculus' work?
A2: battle of Ipsus
Q3: Who wrote Parallel Lives?
A3: Plutarch
Q4: Where was Apprian from?
A4: Alexandria
Q5: Which writer outlined the history of important Hellenistic figures?
A5: Plutarch
Montevideo (Geography and places)

The most important state-owned companies headquartered in Montevideo are: AFE (railways), ANCAP (Energy), Administracion Nacional de Puertos (Ports), ANTEL (telecommunications), BHU (savings and loan), BROU (bank), BSE (insurance), OSE (water & sewage), UTE (electricity). These companies operate under public law, using a legal entity defined in the Uruguayan Constitution called Ente Autonomo ("autonomous entity"). The government also owns part of other companies operating under private law, such as those owned wholly or partially by the CND (National Development Corporation).

Q1: What kind of company does ANCAP run?
A1: Energy
Q2: What kind of company does ANTEL run?
A2: telecommunications
Sumer (History)

The most impressive and famous of Sumerian buildings are the ziggurats, large layered platforms which supported temples. Sumerian cylinder seals also depict houses built from reeds not unlike those built by the Marsh Arabs of Southern Iraq until as recently as 400 CE. The Sumerians also developed the arch, which enabled them to develop a strong type of dome. They built this by constructing and linking several arches. Sumerian temples and palaces made use of more advanced materials and techniques,[citation needed] such as buttresses, recesses, half columns, and clay nails.

Q1: What is the most impressive and famous style of Sumerian buildings?
A1: the ziggurats
Q2: Sumerians also built houses from reeds not very different from ones built by inhabitants in Iraq as recently as when?
A2: 400 CE
Q3: What development by the Sumerians allowed them to make use of domes?
A3: the arch
Q4: How did the Sumerians build their strong domes?
A4: by constructing and linking several arches
Q5: Where were the use of advanced materials and techniques on display in Sumer?
A5: Sumerian temples and palaces
Age_of_Enlightenment (Philosophy and religion)

The most influential publication of the Enlightenment was the Encyclopédie, compiled by Denis Diderot and (until 1759) by Jean le Rond d'Alembert and a team of 150 scientists and philosophers. It was published between 1751 and 1772 in thirty-five volumes, and spread the ideas of the Enlightenment across Europe and beyond. Other landmark publications were the Dictionnaire philosophique (Philosophical Dictionary, 1764) and Letters on the English (1733) written by Voltaire; Rousseau's Discourse on Inequality (1754) and The Social Contract (1762); and Montesquieu's Spirit of the Laws (1748). The ideas of the Enlightenment played a major role in inspiring the French Revolution, which began in 1789. After the Revolution, the Enlightenment was followed by an opposing intellectual movement known as Romanticism.

Q1: What was the most influential publication of the Enlightenment?
A1: the Encyclopédie
Q2: The Encyclopedie was comprised of how many volumes?
A2: thirty-five
Q3: Voltaire wrote Letters on the English in what year?
A3: 1733
Q4: When was Rousseau's Discourse on Inequality published?
A4: 1754
Q5: What year did the French Revolution begin?
A5: 1789
Cubism (Art and architecture)

The most innovative period of Cubism was before 1914. After World War I, with the support given by the dealer Léonce Rosenberg, Cubism returned as a central issue for artists, and continued as such until the mid-1920s when its avant-garde status was rendered questionable by the emergence of geometric abstraction and Surrealism in Paris. Many Cubists, including Picasso, Braque, Gris, Léger, Gleizes, and Metzinger, while developing other styles, returned periodically to Cubism, even well after 1925. Cubism reemerged during the 1920s and the 1930s in the work of the American Stuart Davis and the Englishman Ben Nicholson. In France, however, Cubism experienced a decline beginning in about 1925. Léonce Rosenberg exhibited not only the artists stranded by Kahnweiler’s exile but others including Laurens, Lipchitz, Metzinger, Gleizes, Csaky, Herbin and Severini. In 1918 Rosenberg presented a series of Cubist exhibitions at his Galerie de l’Effort Moderne in Paris. Attempts were made by Louis Vauxcelles to claim that Cubism was dead, but these exhibitions, along with a well-organized Cubist show at the 1920 Salon des Indépendants and a revival of the Salon de la Section d’Or in the same year, demonstrated it was still alive.

Q1: Before what year was Cubism considered the most innovative? 
A1: 1914
Q2: With the assistance of what dealer did Cubism return as  a central consideration for artists after World War I?
A2: Léonce Rosenberg
Q3: In what year did Rosenberg exhibit Cubist works at  Galerie de l’Effort Moderne?
A3: 1918
Q4: In which city did Galerie de l’Effort Moderne take place? 
A4: Paris
Cork_(city) (History)

The most notable cricket club in Cork is Cork County Cricket Club, which was formed in 1874. Although located within the Munster jurisdiction, the club plays in the Leinster Senior League. The club plays at the Mardyke, a ground which has hosted three first-class matches in 1947, 1961 and 1973. All three involved Ireland playing Scotland. The Cork Cricket Academy operates within the city, with the stated aim of introducing the sport to schools in the city and county. Cork's other main cricket club, Harlequins Cricket Club, play close to Cork Airport.

Q1: What's the most famous cricket club in Cork?
A1: Cork County Cricket Club
Q2: When was the Cork County Cricket Club established?
A2: 1874
Q3: Which league does the Cork County Cricket Club belong to?
A3: Leinster Senior League
Q4: Which first-class matches were hosted at Mardyke?
A4: 1947, 1961 and 1973
Q5: Which teams played in the three first class matches?
A5: Ireland playing Scotland
Catalan_language (Language and literature)

The most notable difference between both standards is some tonic ⟨e⟩ accentuation, for instance: francès, anglès (IEC) – francés, anglés (AVL). Nevertheless, AVL's standard keeps the grave accent ⟨è⟩, without pronouncing this ⟨e⟩ as /ɛ/, in some words like: què ('what'), or València. Other divergences include the use of ⟨tl⟩ (AVL) in some words instead of ⟨tll⟩ like in ametla/ametlla ('almond'), espatla/espatlla ('back'), the use of elided demonstratives (este 'this', eixe 'that') in the same level as reinforced ones (aquest, aqueix) or the use of many verbal forms common in Valencian, and some of these common in the rest of Western Catalan too, like subjunctive mood or inchoative conjugation in -ix- at the same level as -eix- or the priority use of -e morpheme in 1st person singular in present indicative (-ar verbs): jo compre instead of jo compro ('I buy').

Q1: What is jo compro changed to ?
A1: jo compre
Q2: What common Valencian forms are used?
A2: many verbal forms
Q3: What forms are also common in the rest of Western Catalan?
A3: verbal forms
Szlachta (History)

The most notable difference is that, contrary to other European heraldic systems, the Jews, Muslim Tatars or another minorities would be given the noble title. Also, most families sharing origin would also share a coat-of-arms. They would also share arms with families adopted into the clan (these would often have their arms officially altered upon ennoblement). Sometimes unrelated families would be falsely attributed to the clan on the basis of similarity of arms. Also often noble families claimed inaccurate clan membership. Logically, the number of coats of arms in this system was rather low and did not exceed 200 in late Middle Ages (40,000 in the late 18th century).

Q1: What is the most notable difference between countries?
A1: minorities would be given the noble title
Q2: Coat of arms would be shared with who else?
A2: most families sharing origin
Q3: How would unrelated families be attributed to the clan?
A3: on the basis of similarity of arms
Q4: Did number of cat of arms in the late middle ages fall?
A4: low and did not exceed 200
Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) (Warfare)

The most notable fraud conviction was that of Gordon Foxley, head of defence procurement at the Ministry of Defence from 1981 to 1984. Police claimed he received at least £3.5m in total in corrupt payments, such as substantial bribes from overseas arms contractors aiming to influence the allocation of contracts.

Q1: Who in the MoD was convicted of fraud?
A1: Gordon Foxley
Q2: What position was held by Foxley?
A2: head of defence procurement
Q3: What years was Foxley employed by the MoD?
A3: 1981 to 1984
Q4: How much money was Foxley accused of taking?
A4: at least £3.5m
Q5: What do the police believe the bribes were intended to do?
A5: influence the allocation of contracts
Brain (Natural sciences)

The most obvious difference between the brains of mammals and other vertebrates is in terms of size. On average, a mammal has a brain roughly twice as large as that of a bird of the same body size, and ten times as large as that of a reptile of the same body size.

Q1: A mammal's brain is how many times larger than a birds relative to body size?
A1: twice as large
Q2: A mammal's brain is how many times larger than a reptiles relative to body size?
A2: ten times
Q3: The biggest difference between brains of mammals and other vertebrates is what?
A3: size.
Clothing (Natural sciences)

The most obvious function of clothing is to improve the comfort of the wearer, by protecting the wearer from the elements. In hot climates, clothing provides protection from sunburn or wind damage, while in cold climates its thermal insulation properties are generally more important. Shelter usually reduces the functional need for clothing. For example, coats, hats, gloves, and other superficial layers are normally removed when entering a warm home, particularly if one is residing or sleeping there. Similarly, clothing has seasonal and regional aspects, so that thinner materials and fewer layers of clothing are generally worn in warmer seasons and regions than in colder ones.

Q1: What obvious improvement does clothing bestow upon the wearer?
A1: comfort
Q2: In what type of climate does clothing protect against sunburn and wind damage?
A2: hot
Q3: What property of clothing is important in cold climates?
A3: thermal insulation
Q4: What has seasonal and regional aspects?
A4: clothing
Q5: What type of material tends to be worn in warmer seasons?
A5: thinner
Greeks (History)

The most obvious link between modern and ancient Greeks is their language, which has a documented tradition from at least the 14th century BC to the present day, albeit with a break during the Greek Dark Ages (lasting from the 11th to the 8th century BC). Scholars compare its continuity of tradition to Chinese alone. Since its inception, Hellenism was primarily a matter of common culture and the national continuity of the Greek world is a lot more certain than its demographic. Yet, Hellenism also embodied an ancestral dimension through aspects of Athenian literature that developed and influenced ideas of descent based on autochthony. During the later years of the Eastern Roman Empire, areas such as Ionia and Constantinople experienced a Hellenic revival in language, philosophy, and literature and on classical models of thought and scholarship. This revival provided a powerful impetus to the sense of cultural affinity with ancient Greece and its classical heritage. The cultural changes undergone by the Greeks are, despite a surviving common sense of ethnicity, undeniable. At the same time, the Greeks have retained their language and alphabet, certain values and cultural traditions, customs, a sense of religious and cultural difference and exclusion, (the word barbarian was used by 12th-century historian Anna Komnene to describe non-Greek speakers), a sense of Greek identity and common sense of ethnicity despite the global political and social changes of the past two millennia.

Q1: What is the easiest connection between the Greeks of old and those of today ?
A1: most obvious link between modern and ancient Greeks is their language
Q2: How log did the age of darkness last for the Greeks ?
A2: Greek Dark Ages (lasting from the 11th to the 8th century BC)
Q3: Who else has a history as long standing as those of the Greeks ?
A3: continuity of tradition to Chinese alone
Q4: When did most of the Eastward sector of the Roman expanse choose to have a rebirth of Greek traditions and appreciations ?
A4: During the later years of the Eastern Roman Empire
Q5: What aspects of the Greek culture have remained steadfast throughout the years ?
A5: retained their language and alphabet, certain values and cultural traditions, customs, a sense of religious and cultural difference and exclusion