LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Antibiotics (History)

Florey and Chain succeeded in purifying the first penicillin, penicillin G, in 1942, but it did not become widely available outside the Allied military before 1945. Later, Norman Heatley developed the back extraction technique for efficiently purifying penicillin in bulk. The chemical structure of penicillin was determined by Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin in 1945. Purified penicillin displayed potent antibacterial activity against a wide range of bacteria and had low toxicity in humans. Furthermore, its activity was not inhibited by biological constituents such as pus, unlike the synthetic sulfonamides. The discovery of such a powerful antibiotic was unprecedented, and the development of penicillin led to renewed interest in the search for antibiotic compounds with similar efficacy and safety. For their successful development of penicillin, which Fleming had accidentally discovered but could not develop himself, as a therapeutic drug, Ernst Chain and Howard Florey shared the 1945 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Fleming. Florey credited Dubos with pioneering the approach of deliberately and systematically searching for antibacterial compounds, which had led to the discovery of gramicidin and had revived Florey's research in penicillin.

Q1: When was penicillin G first purified?
A1: 1942
Q2: When did penicillin G become available outside of military use?
A2: 1945
Q3: Who came up with a way to quickly produce penicillin?
A3: Norman Heatley
Q4: When was the chemical make-up of penicillin discovered?
A4: 1945
Q5: Who discovered the chemical structure of penicillin?
A5: Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
Miami (Geography and places)

Florida High Speed Rail was a proposed government backed high-speed rail system that would have connected Miami, Orlando, and Tampa. The first phase was planned to connect Orlando and Tampa and was offered federal funding, but it was turned down by Governor Rick Scott in 2011. The second phase of the line was envisioned to connect Miami. By 2014, a private project known as All Aboard Florida by a company of the historic Florida East Coast Railway began construction of a higher-speed rail line in South Florida that is planned to eventually terminate at Orlando International Airport.

Q1: Along with Orlando, what city would have been connected to Miami via Florida High Speed Rail?
A1: Tampa
Q2: Who was the governor of Florida in 2011?
A2: Rick Scott
Q3: In what year did All Aboard Florida begin?
A3: 2014
Q4: What company is responsible for All Aboard Florida?
A4: Florida East Coast Railway
Q5: From South Florida, where will All Aboard Florida stretch to?
A5: Orlando International Airport
Florida (Geography and places)

Florida had become a burden to Spain, which could not afford to send settlers or garrisons. Madrid therefore decided to cede the territory to the United States through the Adams-Onís Treaty, which took effect in 1821. President James Monroe was authorized on March 3, 1821 to take possession of East Florida and West Florida for the United States and provide for initial governance. Andrew Jackson served as military governor of the newly acquired territory, but only for a brief period. On March 30, 1822, the United States merged East Florida and part of West Florida into the Florida Territory.

Q1: Why did Madrid cede the territory to the US 
A1: Florida had become a burden to Spain, which could not afford to send settlers or garrisons
Q2: What was the name of the treaty which ceded florida to the US 
A2: Adams-Onís Treaty, which took effect in 1821
Q3: Which president was given control of Florida 
A3: James Monroe was authorized on March 3, 1821 to take possession of East Florida and West Florida for the United States and provide for initial governance
Q4: When did East and West Florida Merge 
A4: On March 30, 1822, the United States merged East Florida and part of West Florida into the Florida Territory
Florida (Geography and places)

Florida i/ˈflɒrɪdə/ (Spanish for "flowery land") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and the sovereign state of Cuba. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the United States. Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is the eighth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Tallahassee is the state capital.

Q1: What does Florida stand for 
A1: Florida i/ˈflɒrɪdə/ (Spanish for "flowery land")
Q2: What states border Florida 
A2: to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida
Q3: What is the state capital of Florida 
A3: Tallahassee is the state capital
Q4: Where does Florida rank in US population 
A4: the 3rd most populous
Q5: What city has the most people in Florida 
A5: Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida
Florida (Geography and places)

Florida is among the three states with the most severe felony disenfranchisement laws. Florida requires felons to have completed sentencing, parole and/or probation, and then seven years later, to apply individually for restoration of voting privileges. As in other aspects of the criminal justice system, this law has disproportionate effects for minorities. As a result, according to Brent Staples, based on data from The Sentencing Project, the effect of Florida's law is such that in 2014 "[m]ore than one in ten Floridians – and nearly one in four African-American Floridians – are shut out of the polls because of felony convictions."

Q1: How severe are Florida disenfranchisement laws 
A1: Florida is among the three states with the most severe felony disenfranchisement laws.
Q2: What doe s the law require for criminals 
A2: felons to have completed sentencing, parole and/or probation, and then seven years later, to apply individually for restoration of voting privileges
Q3: Who does this law effect most 
A3: this law has disproportionate effects for minorities
Q4: How does it effect elections 
A4: one in ten Floridians – and nearly one in four African-American Floridians – are shut out of the polls because of felony convictions
Florida (Geography and places)

Florida is served by Amtrak, operating numerous lines throughout, connecting the state's largest cities to points north in the United States and Canada. The busiest Amtrak train stations in Florida in 2011 were: Sanford (259,944), Orlando (179,142), Tampa Union Station (140,785), Miami (94,556), and Jacksonville (74,733). Sanford, in Greater Orlando, is the southern terminus of the Auto Train, which originates at Lorton, Virginia, south of Washington, D.C.. Until 2005, Orlando was also the eastern terminus of the Sunset Limited, which travels across the southern United States via New Orleans, Houston, and San Antonio to its western terminus of Los Angeles. Florida is served by two additional Amtrak trains (the Silver Star and the Silver Meteor), which operate between New York City and Miami. Miami Central Station, the city's rapid transit, commuter rail, intercity rail, and bus hub, is under construction.

Q1: What train line connects florida to the North 
A1: Amtrak, operating numerous lines throughout, connecting the state's largest cities to points north in the United States and Canada
Q2: Where does the Auto train originate 
A2: Auto Train, which originates at Lorton, Virginia, south of Washington, D.C
Q3: Who does sunset limited service 
A3: Sunset Limited, which travels across the southern United States via New Orleans, Houston, and San Antonio to its western terminus of Los Angeles
Q4: Two othe ramtrak trains that serve Florida 
A4: Amtrak trains (the Silver Star and the Silver Meteor), which operate between New York City and Miami
Florida (Geography and places)

Florida's nickname is the "Sunshine State", but severe weather is a common occurrence in the state. Central Florida is known as the lightning capital of the United States, as it experiences more lightning strikes than anywhere else in the country. Florida has one of the highest average precipitation levels of any state, in large part because afternoon thunderstorms are common in much of the state from late spring until early autumn. A narrow eastern part of the state including Orlando and Jacksonville receives between 2,400 and 2,800 hours of sunshine annually. The rest of the state, including Miami, receives between 2,800 and 3,200 hours annually.

Q1: What is Florida's nickname 
A1: Sunshine State
Q2: What is central Florida known as 
A2: lightning capital of the United States
Q3: Hours of annual sunshine in florida 
A3: 2,400 and 2,800 hours of sunshine annually. The rest of the state, including Miami, receives between 2,800 and 3,200 hours annually
Flowering_plant (Natural sciences)

Flower evolution continues to the present day; modern flowers have been so profoundly influenced by humans that some of them cannot be pollinated in nature. Many modern domesticated flower species were formerly simple weeds, which sprouted only when the ground was disturbed. Some of them tended to grow with human crops, perhaps already having symbiotic companion plant relationships with them, and the prettiest did not get plucked because of their beauty, developing a dependence upon and special adaptation to human affection.

Q1: How long has flower evolution occurred? 
A1: present day
Q2: Humans have effected some flowers so much they can no longer do what in nature?
A2: pollinated
Q3: What heritage do many modern domesticated flower species have?
A3: formerly simple weeds
Q4: Why did weeds grow with human crops?
A4: symbiotic companion plant relationships
Q5: What feature helped flowers not get plucked?
A5: prettiest
Flowering_plant (Natural sciences)

Flower ontogeny uses a combination of genes normally responsible for forming new shoots. The most primitive flowers probably had a variable number of flower parts, often separate from (but in contact with) each other. The flowers tended to grow in a spiral pattern, to be bisexual (in plants, this means both male and female parts on the same flower), and to be dominated by the ovary (female part). As flowers evolved, some variations developed parts fused together, with a much more specific number and design, and with either specific sexes per flower or plant or at least "ovary-inferior".

Q1: What uses a combination of genes to form new shoots?
A1: Flower ontogeny
Q2: What were plant parts like in their primitive days?
A2: separate from (but in contact with) each other
Q3: How did flowers become bixsexual?
A3: grow in a spiral pattern
Q4: What did some plant parts do as they evolved?
A4: fused together
Q5: What is a term for a plant with a specific sex per flower?
A5: "ovary-inferior"
Race_(human_categorization) (Natural sciences)

Fluidity of racial categories aside, the "biologification" of race in Brazil referred above would match contemporary concepts of race in the United States quite closely, though, if Brazilians are supposed to choose their race as one among, Asian and Indigenous apart, three IBGE's census categories. While assimilated Amerindians and people with very high quantities of Amerindian ancestry are usually grouped as caboclos, a subgroup of pardos which roughly translates as both mestizo and hillbilly, for those of lower quantity of Amerindian descent a higher European genetic contribution is expected to be grouped as a pardo. In several genetic tests, people with less than 60-65% of European descent and 5-10% of Amerindian descent usually cluster with Afro-Brazilians (as reported by the individuals), or 6.9% of the population, and those with about 45% or more of Subsaharan contribution most times do so (in average, Afro-Brazilian DNA was reported to be about 50% Subsaharan African, 37% European and 13% Amerindian).

Q1: What categories have an aspect of fluidity?
A1: racial
Q2: What are people with high quantities of Amerindian ancestry grouped as?
A2: caboclos
Q3: What's a rough translation of "pardos"?
A3: hillbilly
Q4: What do people with less than 60-65% of European descent usually cluster with?
A4: Afro-Brazilians
Q5: What percentage of Afro-Brazillian DNA is reported to be Subsaharan African?
A5: 50%
Space_Race (History)

Focused by the commitment to a Moon landing, in January 1962 the US announced Project Gemini, a two-man spacecraft that would support the later three-man Apollo by developing the key spaceflight technologies of space rendezvous and docking of two craft, flight durations of sufficient length to simulate going to the Moon and back, and extra-vehicular activity to accomplish useful work outside the spacecraft.

Q1: What year was the Gemini project confirmed?
A1: 1962
Q2: How many people could the Gemini project carry?
A2: 2
Boston (Geography and places)

Fog is fairly common, particularly in spring and early summer, and the occasional tropical storm or hurricane can threaten the region, especially in late summer and early autumn. Due to its situation along the North Atlantic, the city often receives sea breezes, especially in the late spring, when water temperatures are still quite cold and temperatures at the coast can be more than 20 °F (11 °C) colder than a few miles inland, sometimes dropping by that amount near midday. Thunderstorms occur from May to September, that are occasionally severe with large hail, damaging winds and heavy downpours. Although downtown Boston has never been struck by a violent tornado, the city itself has experienced many tornado warnings. Damaging storms are more common to areas north, west, and northwest of the city. Boston has a relatively sunny climate for a coastal city at its latitude, averaging over 2,600 hours of sunshine per annum.

Q1: During what seasons is fog common in Boston?
A1: spring and early summer
Q2: When can tropical storms and hurricanes threaten Boston?
A2: late summer and early autumn
Q3: Sea breezes occur during what season?
A3: late spring
Q4: What months do thunderstorms occur in Boston?
A4: May to September
Q5: What is the average hours of sunshine per year in Boston?
A5: 2,600
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

Following (or leading up to) the schisms, each Saṅgha started to accumulate an Abhidharma, a detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material appearing in the Suttas, according to schematic classifications. These Abhidharma texts do not contain systematic philosophical treatises, but summaries or numerical lists. Scholars generally date these texts to around the 3rd century BCE, 100 to 200 years after the death of the Buddha. Therefore the seven Abhidharma works are generally claimed not to represent the words of the Buddha himself, but those of disciples and great scholars.[note 38] Every school had its own version of the Abhidharma, with different theories and different texts. The different Abhidharmas of the various schools did not agree with each other. Scholars disagree on whether the Mahasanghika school had an Abhidhamma Pitaka or not.[note 38]

Q1: What is a detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material called?
A1: Abhidharma
Q2: The abhidharma texts do not contain treatises, but what?
A2: summaries or numerical lists
Q3: The Abhidharma texts are from what time?
A3: 3rd century BCE
Q4: There is a disagreement on whether a school had an Abhidhamma or not, which school is it?
A4: Mahasanghika
Muammar_Gaddafi (History)

Following Anwar Sadat's ascension to the Egyptian presidency, Libya's relations with Egypt deteriorated. Sadat was perturbed by Gaddafi's unpredictability and insistence that Egypt required a cultural revolution. In February 1973, Israeli forces shot down Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114, which had strayed from Egyptian airspace into Israeli-held territory during a sandstorm. Gaddafi was infuriated that Egypt had not done more to prevent the incident, and in retaliation planned to destroy the RMS Queen Elizabeth 2, a British ship chartered by American Jews to sail to Haifa for Israel's 25th anniversary. Gaddafi ordered an Egyptian submarine to target the ship, but Sadat cancelled the order, fearing a military escalation.

Q1: Whose rise to the presidency of Egypt led to the decline in relations between Egypt and Libya?
A1: Sadat
Q2: What nation's military destroyed Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114?
A2: Israeli
Q3: Why did Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114 accidentally fly into Israel's airspace?
A3: sandstorm
Q4: What city was the destination of RMS Queen Elizabeth 2?
A4: Haifa
Q5: Jews from what nation chartered the RMS Queen Elizabeth 2?
A5: American
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser (History)

Following Bandung, Nasser officially adopted the "positive neutralism" of Yugoslavian president Josip Broz Tito and Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru as a principal theme of Egyptian foreign policy regarding the Cold War. Nasser was welcomed by large crowds of people lining the streets of Cairo on his return to Egypt on 2 May and was widely heralded in the press for his achievements and leadership in the conference. Consequently, Nasser's prestige was greatly boosted as was his self-confidence and image.

Q1: What political philosophy did Nasser adopt?
A1: positive neutralism
Q2: What global period was Positive Neutralism meant to deal with?
A2: Cold War
Q3: How did the Egyptian people react to Nasser after the conference?
A3: welcomed by large crowds
Q4: How did the Egyptian press react to Nasser's accomplishments?
A4: heralded
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Following Die Another Day, Madonna collaborated with fashion photographer Steven Klein in 2003 for an exhibition installation named X-STaTIC Pro=CeSS. It included photography from a photo shoot in W magazine, and seven video segments. The installation ran from March to May in New York's Deitch Projects gallery. It traveled the world in an edited form. The same year, Madonna released her ninth studio album, American Life, which was based on her observations of American society; it received mixed reviews. She commented, "[American Life] was like a trip down memory lane, looking back at everything I've accomplished and all the things I once valued and all the things that were important to me." Larry Flick from The Advocate felt that "American Life is an album that is among her most adventurous and lyrically intelligent" while condemning it as "a lazy, half-arsed effort to sound and take her seriously." The title song peaked at number 37 on the Hot 100. Its original music video was canceled as Madonna thought that the video, featuring violence and war imagery, would be deemed unpatriotic since America was then at war with Iraq. With four million copies sold worldwide, American Life was the lowest-selling album of her career at that point.

Q1: What is the name of the exhibition installation that Madonna teamed up with fashion photographer Chris Klein called?
A1: X-STaTIC Pro=CeSS
Q2: What was Madonna's ninth album called?
A2: American Life
Q3: When was American Life released?
A3: 2003
Q4: American Life reached which number at the Hot 100?
A4: 37
Q5: How many copies did the album sell worldwide?
A5: four million
Spectre_(2015_film) (Media and drama)

Following Garreth Mallory's promotion to M, on a mission in Mexico City unofficially ordered by a posthumous message from the previous M, 007 James Bond kills three men plotting a terrorist bombing during the Day of the Dead and gives chase to Marco Sciarra, an assassin who survived the attack. In the ensuing struggle, Bond steals his ring, which is emblazoned with a stylised octopus, and then kills Sciarra by kicking him out of a helicopter. Upon returning to London, Bond is indefinitely suspended from field duty by M, who is in the midst of a power struggle with C, the head of the privately-backed Joint Intelligence Service, consisting of the recently merged MI5 and MI6. C campaigns for Britain to form alongside 8 other countries "Nine Eyes ", a global surveillance and intelligence co-operation initiative between nine member states, and uses his influence to close down the '00' section, believing it to be outdated.

Q1: On what holiday do insurgents plan to detonate a bomb?
A1: Day of the Dead
Q2: Who removed James Bond from active service?
A2: M
Q3: Who is M's rival?
A3: C
Q4: What group does C support England joining?
A4: Nine Eyes
Q5: Which character is promoted to M?
A5: Garreth Mallory
Q6: Which holiday was the terrorist bombing planned for?
A6: Day of the Dead
Q7: Which two intelligence groups merged to form Joint Intelligence Service?
A7: MI5 and MI6
Q8: What does Bond take from Marco Sciarra?
A8: his ring
Han_dynasty (History)

Following Huan's death, Dou Wu and the Grand Tutor Chen Fan (陳蕃) (d. 168 AD) attempted a coup d'état against the eunuchs Hou Lan (d. 172 AD), Cao Jie (d. 181 AD), and Wang Fu (王甫). When the plot was uncovered, the eunuchs arrested Empress Dowager Dou (d. 172 AD) and Chen Fan. General Zhang Huan (張奐) favored the eunuchs. He and his troops confronted Dou Wu and his retainers at the palace gate where each side shouted accusations of treason against the other. When the retainers gradually deserted Dou Wu, he was forced to commit suicide.

Q1: Who arrested Chen Fan in a failed plot?
A1: the eunuchs
Q2: Who made accusations of treason against Dou Wu?
A2: General Zhang Huan
Q3: How did Dou Wu pass away?
A3: he was forced to commit suicide
Q4: Which group was favorable to Zhang Huan?
A4: the eunuchs
Q5: What type of action was attempted on the eunuchs?
A5: coup d'état
Heian_period (History)

Following Kammu's death in 806 and a succession struggle among his sons, two new offices were established in an effort to adjust the Taika-Taihō administrative structure. Through the new Emperor's Private Office, the emperor could issue administrative edicts more directly and with more self-assurance than before. The new Metropolitan Police Board replaced the largely ceremonial imperial guard units. While these two offices strengthened the emperor's position temporarily, soon they and other Chinese-style structures were bypassed in the developing state. In 838 the end of the imperial-sanctioned missions to Tang China, which had begun in 630, marked the effective end of Chinese influence. Tang China was in a state of decline, and Chinese Buddhists were severely persecuted, undermining Japanese respect for Chinese institutions. Japan began to turn inward.

Q1: In what year did Emperor Kanmu die?
A1: 806
Q2: What office replaced the imperial guards?
A2: Metropolitan Police Board
Q3: What new office allowed government to issue administrative orders faster?
A3: Emperor's Private Office
Q4: Tang China's influence over Japan ended in what year?
A4: 838
East_Prussia (History)

Following Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II in 1945, East Prussia was partitioned between Poland and the Soviet Union according to the Potsdam Conference. Southern East Prussia was placed under Polish administration, while northern East Prussia was divided between the Soviet republics of Russia (the Kaliningrad Oblast) and Lithuania (the constituent counties of the Klaipėda Region). The city of Königsberg was renamed Kaliningrad in 1946. The German population of the province largely evacuated during the war, but several hundreds of thousands died during the years 1944–46 and the remainder were subsequently expelled.

Q1: What two countries were East Prussia partitioned into after World Was II?
A1: Poland and the Soviet Union
Q2: What was the city of Konigsberg renamed in to in 1946?
A2: Kaliningrad
Q3: What happened to most of the German population during the war in what is current day Kaliningrad?
A3: evacuated during the war