LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects (Art and architecture)

The content of the acts, particularly section 1 (1) of the amending act of 1938, shows the importance which was then attached to giving architects the responsibility of superintending or supervising the building works of local authorities (for housing and other projects), rather than persons professionally qualified only as municipal or other engineers. By the 1970s another issue had emerged affecting education for qualification and registration for practice as an architect, due to the obligation imposed on the United Kingdom and other European governments to comply with European Union Directives concerning mutual recognition of professional qualifications in favour of equal standards across borders, in furtherance of the policy for a single market of the European Union. This led to proposals for reconstituting ARCUK. Eventually, in the 1990s, before proceeding, the government issued a consultation paper "Reform of Architects Registration" (1994). The change of name to "Architects Registration Board" was one of the proposals which was later enacted in the Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996 and reenacted as the Architects Act 1997; another was the abolition of the ARCUK Board of Architectural Education.

Q1: What organization's policies regarding acceptance of professional qualifications prompted thoughts of revamping ARCUK?
A1: European Union
Q2: When did the name of ARCUK change?
A2: 1996
Q3: What was the name of the legistlation leading to the change in ARCUK's name?
A3: the Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act
Q4: What was shut down as a result of legislation changing the name of ARCUK?
A4: the ARCUK Board of Architectural Education
Q5: What was the new name given to ARCUK in the '90s?
A5: Architects Registration Board
Age_of_Enlightenment (Philosophy and religion)

The context for the rise of the public sphere was the economic and social change commonly associated with the Industrial Revolution: "economic expansion, increasing urbanization, rising population and improving communications in comparison to the stagnation of the previous century"." Rising efficiency in production techniques and communication lowered the prices of consumer goods and increased the amount and variety of goods available to consumers (including the literature essential to the public sphere). Meanwhile, the colonial experience (most European states had colonial empires in the 18th century) began to expose European society to extremely heterogeneous cultures, leading to the breaking down of "barriers between cultural systems, religious divides, gender differences and geographical areas".

Q1: Did rising efficiency in production and communication lower or raise the prices of consumer goods?
A1: lowered
Q2: Was the variety of goods available to consumers increased or decreased by the economic and social change of the Industrial Revolution?
A2: increased
Q3: The context for the rise of the public sphere was the econoic and social change associated with what revolution?
A3: Industrial Revolution
The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess (Video games)

The context-sensitive button mechanic allows one button to serve a variety of functions, such as talking, opening doors, and pushing, pulling, and throwing objects.[e] The on-screen display shows what action, if any, the button will trigger, determined by the situation. For example, if Link is holding a rock, the context-sensitive button will cause Link to throw the rock if he is moving or targeting an object or enemy, or place the rock on the ground if he is standing still.[f]

Q1: Many different types of interaction can be controlled by how many buttons?
A1: one
Q2: Where can players see what action will be performed in different scenarios?
A2: on-screen display
Q3: If Link is not moving, where will he put the projectile he's carrying?
A3: on the ground
Q4: What mechanic allows one button to serve many functions?
A4: context-sensitive button mechanic
Q5: What shows what action the button will trigger?
A5: on-screen display
American_Idol (Music)

The continuing decline influenced further changes for season 14, including the loss of Coca-Cola as the show's major sponsor, and a decision to only broadcast one, two-hour show per week during the top 12 rounds (with results from the previous week integrated into the performance show, rather than having a separate results show). On May 11, 2015, prior to the fourteenth season finale, Fox announced that the fifteenth season of American Idol would be its last. Despite these changes, the show's ratings would decline more sharply. The fourteenth season finale was the lowest-rated finale ever, with an average of only 8.03 million viewers watching the finale.

Q1: What drink company ended its relationship with American Idol during season 14?
A1: Coca-Cola
Q2: How many people watched American Idols finale in season 14?
A2: 8.03 million
Q3: After what season will American Idol be cancelled? 
A3: 15
Q4: When did Fox announce the following season would be Idol's last?
A4: May 11, 2015
Q5: How many people watched the season 14 finale?
A5: 8.03 million
Electric_motor (Engineering and technology)

The continuous torque density of conventional electric machines is determined by the size of the air-gap area and the back-iron depth, which are determined by the power rating of the armature winding set, the speed of the machine, and the achievable air-gap flux density before core saturation. Despite the high coercivity of neodymium or samarium-cobalt PMs, continuous torque density is virtually the same amongst electric machines with optimally designed armature winding sets. Continuous torque density relates to method of cooling and permissible period of operation before destruction by overheating of windings or PM damage.

Q1: What determines continuous torque density?
A1: size of the air-gap area and the back-iron depth
Q2: What three elements determine the size of the air-gap area and back iron depth?
A2: power rating of the armature winding set, the speed of the machine, and the achievable air-gap flux density before core saturation
Q3: What does continuous torque density refer to?
A3: method of cooling and permissible period of operation before destruction by overheating
Q4: How does continuous torque density vary between well designed motors?
A4: virtually the same
Treaty (Language and literature)

The contracting parties' full names or sovereign titles are often included in the preamble, along with the full names and titles of their representatives, and a boilerplate clause about how their representatives have communicated (or exchanged) their full powers (i.e., the official documents appointing them to act on behalf of their respective states) and found them in good or proper form.

Q1: What term describes a common clause in a treaty stating that the representatives of the parties have communicated their full powers?
A1: boilerplate
Q2: What are the official documents appointing a party's representative to act on their behalf?
A2: full powers
Q3: In addition to their full names, what else is included in the preamble that identifies the parties to a treaty?
A3: sovereign titles
Q4: How must the full powers of a parties' representatives be found in order to enter into a treaty?
A4: in good or proper form.
Q5: Who else besides the parties themselves is typically identified in the preamble to a treaty?
A5: their representatives
Biodiversity (Natural sciences)

The control of associated biodiversity is one of the great agricultural challenges that farmers face. On monoculture farms, the approach is generally to eradicate associated diversity using a suite of biologically destructive pesticides, mechanized tools and transgenic engineering techniques, then to rotate crops. Although some polyculture farmers use the same techniques, they also employ integrated pest management strategies as well as strategies that are more labor-intensive, but generally less dependent on capital, biotechnology and energy.

Q1: What is one of the great agricultural challenges that farmers face?
A1: The control of associated biodiversity
Q2: What farms use biologically destructive pesticides
A2: monoculture farms
Q3: What farmers use integrated pest management strategies?
A3: polyculture farmers
Q4: What farmers are generally less dependent on capital, biotechnology and energy?
A4: polyculture farmers
Bird_migration (Natural sciences)

The control of migration, its timing and response are genetically controlled and appear to be a primitive trait that is present even in non-migratory species of birds. The ability to navigate and orient themselves during migration is a much more complex phenomenon that may include both endogenous programs as well as learning.

Q1: What controls a birds migration?
A1: a primitive trait
Q2: How do birds navigate and orient themselves during migration?
A2: endogenous programs as well as learning
Q3: What is a primitive trait present even in non migrating birds?
A3: migration
Q4: What is a complex phenomenon in regards to migration?
A4: The ability to navigate
Computer (Engineering and technology)

The control unit (often called a control system or central controller) manages the computer's various components; it reads and interprets (decodes) the program instructions, transforming them into control signals that activate other parts of the computer. Control systems in advanced computers may change the order of execution of some instructions to improve performance.

Q1: What are other names for a control unit for a computer?
A1: a control system or central controller)
Q2: Reading and interpreting from a control unit is called doing what?
A2: (decodes
Computer (Engineering and technology)

The control unit, ALU, and registers are collectively known as a central processing unit (CPU). Early CPUs were composed of many separate components but since the mid-1970s CPUs have typically been constructed on a single integrated circuit called a microprocessor.

Q1: The CPU is an abbreviation for what?
A1: central processing unit
Q2: What 3 parts make up the CPU?
A2: The control unit, ALU, and registers
Q3: CPUs that are constructed on a single integrated circuit are called what?
A3: a microprocessor
Q4: Since when have CPUs been constructed with a microprocessor?
A4: mid-1970s
Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States (Social sciences and society)

The controversy surrounding affirmative action's effectiveness is based on the idea of class inequality. Opponents of racial affirmative action argue that the program actually benefits middle- and upper-class African Americans and Hispanic Americans at the expense of lower-class European Americans and Asian Americans. This argument supports the idea of class-based affirmative action. America's poor is disproportionately made up of people of color, so class-based affirmative action would disproportionately help people of color. This would eliminate the need for race-based affirmative action as well as reducing any disproportionate benefits for middle- and upper-class people of color.

Q1: Which idea is the controversy of affirmative action primarily based upon?
A1: class inequality
Q2: Other than African Americans, who do detractors of affirmative action claim benefit most from affirmative action?
A2: Hispanic Americans
Q3: At who's expense other than Asian Americans are upper-class African Americans and Hispanic Americans supposedly benefiting?
A3: lower-class European Americans
Q4: What do some people believe should be the basis for affirmative action instead of race based legislation?
A4: class-based affirmative action
Q5: Who primarily makes up America's poor group?
A5: people of color
Letter_case (Language and literature)

The convention followed by many British publishers (including scientific publishers, like Nature, magazines, like The Economist and New Scientist, and newspapers, like The Guardian and The Times) and U.S. newspapers is to use sentence-style capitalisation in headlines, where capitalisation follows the same rules that apply for sentences. This convention is usually called sentence case. It may also be applied to publication titles, especially in bibliographic references and library catalogues. Examples of global publishers whose English-language house styles prescribe sentence-case titles and headings include the International Organization for Standardization.

Q1: What is the basis of capitalization standards for the sentence-style capitalization?
A1: sentences
Q2: What is the popular capitalization structure and standard used by many British publishers and U.S. newspapers?
A2: sentence-style
Q3: What is an alternative name for sentence-style capitalization?
A3: sentence case
Q4: Which popular global publisher utilizes sentence case for titles and headers?
A4: International Organization for Standardization
Q5: Besides headlines, what is sentence-style capitalization often applied to?
A5: publication titles
Prime_minister (Social sciences and society)

The convention in the English language is to call nearly all national heads of government "prime minister" (sometimes modified to the equivalent term of premier), regardless of the correct title of the head of government as applied in his or her respective country. The few exceptions to the rule are Germany and Austria, whose heads of government titles are almost always translated as Chancellor; Monaco, whose head of government is referred to as the Minister of State; and Vatican City, for which the head of government is titled the Secretary of State. In the case of Ireland, the head of government is occasionally referred to as the Taoiseach by English speakers. A stand-out case is the President of Iran, who is not actually a head of state, but the head of the government of Iran. He is referred to as "president" in both the Persian and English languages.

Q1: What is a term that is used to mean prime minister?
A1: premier
Q2: Which countries use the term chancellor to denote the head of government?
A2: Germany and Austria
Q3: What is the head of Monaco's government called?
A3: Minister of State
Q4: What is the term for the highest position in government in Vatican City?
A4: Secretary of State
Q5: What is the head of Iran's government called?
A5: President
Education (Philosophy and religion)

The conventional merit-system degree is currently not as common in open education as it is in campus universities, although some open universities do already offer conventional degrees such as the Open University in the United Kingdom. Presently, many of the major open education sources offer their own form of certificate. Due to the popularity of open education, these new kind of academic certificates are gaining more respect and equal "academic value" to traditional degrees. Many open universities are working to have the ability to offer students standardized testing and traditional degrees and credentials. A culture is beginning to form around distance learning for people who are looking to social connections enjoyed on traditional campuses. For example, students may create study groups, meetups and movements such as UnCollege.

Q1: What is not as common in open education?
A1: merit-system degree
Q2: Which University offers conventional degrees? 
A2: Open University in the United Kingdom
Q3: What do most open education sources offer?
A3: own form of certificate
Group_(mathematics) (Mathematics)

The convergence of these various sources into a uniform theory of groups started with Camille Jordan's Traité des substitutions et des équations algébriques (1870). Walther von Dyck (1882) introduced the idea of specifying a group by means of generators and relations, and was also the first to give an axiomatic definition of an "abstract group", in the terminology of the time. As of the 20th century, groups gained wide recognition by the pioneering work of Ferdinand Georg Frobenius and William Burnside, who worked on representation theory of finite groups, Richard Brauer's modular representation theory and Issai Schur's papers. The theory of Lie groups, and more generally locally compact groups was studied by Hermann Weyl, Élie Cartan and many others. Its algebraic counterpart, the theory of algebraic groups, was first shaped by Claude Chevalley (from the late 1930s) and later by the work of Armand Borel and Jacques Tits.

Q1: When did the uniform theory of groups develop from different sources? 
A1: 1870
Q2: Who presented a method for specifying a group by means of generators and relations?
A2: Walther von Dyck
Q3: What theory did Hermann Weyl study in addition to locally compact groups?
A3: The theory of Lie groups
Q4: Who initially molded the theory of algebraic groups?
A4: Claude Chevalley
Nutrition (Agriculture, food, and drink)

The conversion rate of omega-6 DGLA to AA largely determines the production of the prostaglandins PGE1 and PGE2. Omega-3 EPA prevents AA from being released from membranes, thereby skewing prostaglandin balance away from pro-inflammatory PGE2 (made from AA) toward anti-inflammatory PGE1 (made from DGLA). Moreover, the conversion (desaturation) of DGLA to AA is controlled by the enzyme delta-5-desaturase, which in turn is controlled by hormones such as insulin (up-regulation) and glucagon (down-regulation). The amount and type of carbohydrates consumed, along with some types of amino acid, can influence processes involving insulin, glucagon, and other hormones; therefore, the ratio of omega-3 versus omega-6 has wide effects on general health, and specific effects on immune function and inflammation, and mitosis (i.e., cell division).

Q1: What is able to prevent AA from being released from membranes?
A1: Omega-3 EPA
Q2: The conversion of omega-6 DGLA to AA is able to help regulate which process?
A2: the production of the prostaglandins PGE1 and PGE2
Q3: What kind of process is the conversion of DGLA to AA?
A3: desaturation
Q4: What is an example of a hormone other than insulin that is able to control the enzyme delta-5-desaturase?
A4: glucagon
Q5: What is the scientific name for cell division?
A5: mitosis
Guam (Geography and places)

The core culture or Pengngan Chamorro is based on complex social protocol centered upon respect: From sniffing over the hands of the elders (called mangnginge in Chamorro), the passing down of legends, chants, and courtship rituals, to a person asking for permission from spiritual ancestors before entering a jungle or ancient battle grounds. Other practices predating Spanish conquest include galaide' canoe-making, making of the belembaotuyan (a string musical instrument made from a gourd), fashioning of åcho' atupat slings and slingstones, tool manufacture, Måtan Guma' burial rituals, and preparation of herbal medicines by Suruhanu.

Q1: What is the culture of Pengngan Chamorro based on?
A1: social protocol
Q2: What does mangnging refer to that directly involves one major human scense?
A2: sniffing over the hands of the elders
Q3: What is a belembaotuyan in Guam?
A3: string musical instrument made from a gourd
Alps (Geography and places)

The core regions of the Alpine orogenic belt have been folded and fractured in such a manner that erosion created the characteristic steep vertical peaks of the Swiss Alps that rise seemingly straight out of the foreland areas. Peaks such as Mont Blanc, the Matterhorn, and high peaks in the Pennine Alps, the Briançonnais, and Hohe Tauern consist of layers of rock from the various orogenies including exposures of basement rock.

Q1: What happened to the Alpine orogenic belt that gave it the steep vertical peak?
A1: folded and fractured
Q2: Mont Blanc, the Matterhorn, and peaks in the Pennine Alps cosist of what?
A2: layers of rock from the various orogenies
Q3: What are the common characteristics of the Alpine Orogenic Belt?
A3: steep vertical peaks
Videoconferencing (History)

The core technology used in a videoconferencing system is digital compression of audio and video streams in real time. The hardware or software that performs compression is called a codec (coder/decoder). Compression rates of up to 1:500 can be achieved. The resulting digital stream of 1s and 0s is subdivided into labeled packets, which are then transmitted through a digital network of some kind (usually ISDN or IP). The use of audio modems in the transmission line allow for the use of POTS, or the Plain Old Telephone System, in some low-speed applications, such as videotelephony, because they convert the digital pulses to/from analog waves in the audio spectrum range.

Q1: What is the software that performs audio and/or video compression?
A1: a codec (coder/decoder)
Q2: How high can compression rates go?
A2: 1:500
Q3: What is one digital network through which a digital stream can be transmitted?
A3: IP
Q4: What does POTS stand for?
A4: Plain Old Telephone System
Q5: What do POTS do?
A5: convert the digital pulses to/from analog waves
Middle_Ages (History)

The coronation of Charlemagne as emperor on Christmas Day 800 is regarded as a turning point in medieval history, marking a return of the Western Roman Empire, since the new emperor ruled over much of the area previously controlled by the western emperors. It also marks a change in Charlemagne's relationship with the Byzantine Empire, as the assumption of the imperial title by the Carolingians asserted their equivalence to the Byzantine state. There were several differences between the newly established Carolingian Empire and both the older Western Roman Empire and the concurrent Byzantine Empire. The Frankish lands were rural in character, with only a few small cities. Most of the people were peasants settled on small farms. Little trade existed and much of that was with the British Isles and Scandinavia, in contrast to the older Roman Empire with its trading networks centred on the Mediterranean. The empire was administered by an itinerant court that travelled with the emperor, as well as approximately 300 imperial officials called counts, who administered the counties the empire had been divided into. Clergy and local bishops served as officials, as well as the imperial officials called missi dominici, who served as roving inspectors and troubleshooters.

Q1: On what date did Charlemagne assume the imperial title?
A1: Christmas Day 800
Q2: Of what class were most inhabitants of the Carolingian Empire?
A2: peasants
Q3: About how many counts existed in the Carolingian Empire?
A3: 300
Q4: In what settlements did most inhabitants of the Carolingian Empire live?
A4: small farms
Q5: Along with the British Isles, with what land did the Carolingians trade?
A5: Scandinavia
Guam (Geography and places)

The cosmopolitan and multicultural nature of modern Guam poses challenges for Chamorros struggling to preserve their culture and identity amidst forces of acculturation. The increasing numbers of Chamorros, especially Chamorro youth, relocating to the U.S. Mainland has further complicated both definition and preservation of Chamorro identity.[citation needed] While only a few masters exist to continue traditional art forms, the resurgence of interest among the Chamorros to preserve the language and culture has resulted in a growing number of young Chamorros who seek to continue the ancient ways of the Chamorro people.

Q1: What posses some challenges for the Chamorros who find it hard to keep their culture?
A1: cosmopolitan and multicultural nature of modern Guam
Q2: What else has led to the Chamorro find it hard to keep their culture that involves it's children?
A2: relocating to the U.S. Mainland
Q3: What has recently led to a resurgence in the Chamorros culture and preservation of their old ways?
A3: young Chamorros who seek to continue the ancient ways of the Chamorro people.