LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Cotton (Natural sciences)

The cottonseed which remains after the cotton is ginned is used to produce cottonseed oil, which, after refining, can be consumed by humans like any other vegetable oil. The cottonseed meal that is left generally is fed to ruminant livestock; the gossypol remaining in the meal is toxic to monogastric animals. Cottonseed hulls can be added to dairy cattle rations for roughage. During the American slavery period, cotton root bark was used in folk remedies as an abortifacient, that is, to induce a miscarriage. Gossypol was one of the many substances found in all parts of the cotton plant and it was described by the scientists as 'poisonous pigment'. It also appears to inhibit the development of sperm or even restrict the mobility of the sperm. Also, it is thought to interfere with the menstrual cycle by restricting the release of certain hormones.

Q1: For what is cottonseed used after it is separate from the fibers?
A1: cottonseed oil
Q2: What product is processed cottonseed oil?
A2: vegetable oil.
Q3: What is cottonseed meal used for feed?
A3: ruminant livestock
Q4: For what purpose are cottonseed hulls used in feed?
A4: roughage
Q5: As what did early scientists describe gossypol ?
A5: poisonous pigment
Portugal (Geography and places)

The country bounced between socialism and adherence to the neoliberal model. Land reform and nationalizations were enforced; the Portuguese Constitution (approved in 1976) was rewritten in order to accommodate socialist and communist principles. Until the constitutional revisions of 1982 and 1989, the constitution was a highly charged ideological document with numerous references to socialism, the rights of workers, and the desirability of a socialist economy. Portugal's economic situation after its transition to democracy, obliged the government to pursue International Monetary Fund (IMF)-monitored stabilization programs in 1977–78 and 1983–85.

Q1: Between which two political ideals did Portugal bounce between?
A1: socialism and adherence to the neoliberal model
Q2: In what year was the Portuguese Constitution approved?
A2: 1976
Q3: For what reasons were the Portuguese Constitution rewritten?
A3: to accommodate socialist and communist principles
Portugal (Geography and places)

The country continued to be governed by a Junta de Salvação Nacional until the Portuguese legislative election of 1976. It was won by the Portuguese Socialist Party (PS) and Mário Soares, its leader, became Prime Minister of the 1st Constitutional Government on 23 July. Mário Soares would be Prime Minister from 1976 to 1978 and again from 1983 to 1985. In this capacity Soares tried to resume the economic growth and development record that had been achieved before the Carnation Revolution, during the last decade of the previous regime. He initiated the process of accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) by starting accession negotiations as early as 1977.

Q1: What entity governed Portugal until 1976?
A1: Junta de Salvação Nacional
Q2: Which party won the Portuguese election in 1976?
A2: Socialist Party
Q3: Who became the Prime Minister of Portugal in 1976?
A3: Mário Soares
Q4: Through what years was Mario Soares the Portuguese Prime Minister?
A4: 1976 to 1978 and again from 1983 to 1985
Samoa (Geography and places)

The country currency is the Samoan tālā, issued and regulated by the Central Bank of Samoa. The economy of Samoa has traditionally been dependent on agriculture and fishing at the local level. In modern times, development aid, private family remittances from overseas, and agricultural exports have become key factors in the nation's economy. Agriculture employs two-thirds of the labour force, and furnishes 90% of exports, featuring coconut cream, coconut oil, noni (juice of the nonu fruit, as it is known in Samoan), and copra.

Q1: What institution is in charge of Samoa's currency?
A1: Central Bank of Samoa
Q2: In addition to agriculture, what industry historically supported Samoa's local economy?
A2: fishing
Q3: What fruit juice is a major Samoan export?
A3: noni
Q4: What portion of Samoa works in agriculture?
A4: two-thirds
Q5: What kind of oil does Samoa export?
A5: coconut
Economy_of_Greece (Geography and places)

The country is a significant agricultural producer within the EU. Greece has the largest economy in the Balkans and is as an important regional investor. Greece was the largest foreign investor in Albania in 2013, the third in Bulgaria, in the top-three in Romania and Serbia and the most important trading partner and largest foreign investor in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. The Greek telecommunications company OTE has become a strong investor in former Yugoslavia and in other Balkan countries.

Q1: What is Greece a significant producer of within the EU?
A1: agricultural
Q2: Greece has the largest what in the Balkans?
A2: economy
Q3: What was Albania's largest foreign investor in 2013?
A3: Greece
Q4: Who is Greece the most important trading partner to?
A4: Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Q5: What Greek telecommunications company has become a strong investor in former Yugoslavia?
A5: OTE
Guinea-Bissau (Geography and places)

The country was controlled by a revolutionary council until 1984. The first multi-party elections were held in 1994. An army uprising in May 1998 led to the Guinea-Bissau Civil War and the president's ousting in June 1999. Elections were held again in 2000, and Kumba Ialá was elected president.

Q1: Who controlled the country prior to 1984?
A1: a revolutionary council
Q2: When were the first multi-party elections held?
A2: 1994
Q3: What led to the Guinea-Bissau Civil War?
A3: An army uprising
Q4: When was the president ousted?
A4: June 1999
Q5: Who was elected president in the 2000 election?
A5: Kumba Ialá
Switzerland (Geography and places)

The country was historically about evenly balanced between Catholic and Protestant, with a complex patchwork of majorities over most of the country. Geneva converted to Protestantism in 1536, just before John Calvin arrived there. One canton, Appenzell, was officially divided into Catholic and Protestant sections in 1597. The larger cities and their cantons (Bern, Geneva, Lausanne, Zürich and Basel) used to be predominantly Protestant. Central Switzerland, the Valais, the Ticino, Appenzell Innerrhodes, the Jura, and Fribourg are traditionally Catholic. The Swiss Constitution of 1848, under the recent impression of the clashes of Catholic vs. Protestant cantons that culminated in the Sonderbundskrieg, consciously defines a consociational state, allowing the peaceful co-existence of Catholics and Protestants. A 1980 initiative calling for the complete separation of church and state was rejected by 78.9% of the voters. Some traditionally Protestant cantons and cities nowadays have a slight Catholic majority, not because they were growing in members, quite the contrary, but only because since about 1970 a steadily growing minority became not affiliated with any church or other religious body (21.4% in Switzerland, 2012) especially in traditionally Protestant regions, such as Basel-City (42%), canton of Neuchâtel (38%), canton of Geneva (35%), canton of Vaud (26%), or Zürich city (city: >25%; canton: 23%).

Q1: When did Geneva convert to Protestantism?
A1: 1536
Q2: How is a consociational state defined by the Constitution of 1848?
A2: allowing the peaceful co-existence of Catholics and Protestants
Q3: When was the calling for a complete separation from church and state rejected by the majority of voters?
A3: 1980
Q4: What percentage of voters rejected the separation of church and state in 1980?
A4: 78.9%
Somerset (Geography and places)

The county has a long tradition of supplying freestone and building stone. Quarries at Doulting supplied freestone used in the construction of Wells Cathedral. Bath stone is also widely used. Ralph Allen promoted its use in the early 18th century, as did Hans Price in the 19th century, but it was used long before then. It was mined underground at Combe Down and Bathampton Down Mines, and as a result of cutting the Box Tunnel, at locations in Wiltshire such as Box. Bath stone is still used on a reduced scale today, but more often as a cladding rather than a structural material. Further south, Hamstone is the colloquial name given to stone from Ham Hill, which is also widely used in the construction industry. Blue Lias has been used locally as a building stone and as a raw material for lime mortar and Portland cement. Until the 1960s, Puriton had Blue Lias stone quarries, as did several other Polden villages. Its quarries also supplied a cement factory at Dunball, adjacent to the King's Sedgemoor Drain. Its derelict, early 20th century remains, was removed when the M5 motorway was constructed in the mid-1970s. Since the 1920s, the county has supplied aggregates. Foster Yeoman is Europe's large supplier of limestone aggregates, with quarries at Merehead Quarry. It has a dedicated railway operation, Mendip Rail, which is used to transport aggregates by rail from a group of Mendip quarries.

Q1: What type of stone was supplied in the county 
A1: supplying freestone and building stone
Q2: Who promoted the use of stone from the  Bath area
A2: Ralph Allen promoted its use in the early 18th century, as did Hans Price in the 19th century
Q3: What are some uses for Blue Lias
A3: Blue Lias has been used locally as a building stone and as a raw material for lime mortar and Portland cement
Q4: What has been supplied by the county since the 1920's 
A4: the county has supplied aggregates. Foster Yeoman is Europe's large supplier of limestone aggregates
Somerset (Geography and places)

The county has several museums; those at Bath include the American Museum in Britain, the Museum of Bath Architecture, the Herschel Museum of Astronomy, the Jane Austen Centre, and the Roman Baths. Other visitor attractions which reflect the cultural heritage of the county include: Claverton Pumping Station, Dunster Working Watermill, the Fleet Air Arm Museum at Yeovilton, Nunney Castle, The Helicopter Museum in Weston-super-Mare, King John's Hunting Lodge in Axbridge, Blake Museum Bridgwater, Radstock Museum, Museum of Somerset in Taunton, the Somerset Rural Life Museum in Glastonbury, and Westonzoyland Pumping Station Museum.

Q1: What some of the Museums in Bath
A1: American Museum in Britain, the Museum of Bath Architecture, the Herschel Museum of Astronomy, the Jane Austen Centre, and the Roman Baths
Q2: What are some other attractions 
A2: Claverton Pumping Station, Dunster Working Watermill, the Fleet Air Arm Museum at Yeovilton, Nunney Castle, The Helicopter Museum in Weston-super-Mare
Q3: Where is the Museum of Somerset 
A3: in Taunton
Q4: What is the name of the museum in Glastonbury 
A4: the Somerset Rural Life Museum in Glastonbury
Lancashire (Geography and places)

The county was established in 1182, later than many other counties. During Roman times the area was part of the Brigantes tribal area in the military zone of Roman Britain. The towns of Manchester, Lancaster, Ribchester, Burrow, Elslack and Castleshaw grew around Roman forts. In the centuries after the Roman withdrawal in 410AD the northern parts of the county probably formed part of the Brythonic kingdom of Rheged, a successor entity to the Brigantes tribe. During the mid-8th century, the area was incorporated into the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria, which became a part of England in the 10th century.

Q1: When was Lancashire established?
A1: 1182
Q2: When was the area part of Brigantes tribal area?
A2: Roman times
Q3: In what year did the northern parts of the country form the Brythonic kingdom of Rheged?
A3: 410AD
Q4: What is the Brythonic kingdom of Rheged?
A4: a successor entity to the Brigantes tribe
Q5: When was the area incorporated into Northumbria?
A5: mid-8th century
Lancashire (Geography and places)

The county was subject to significant boundary reform in 1974 that removed Liverpool and Manchester and most of their surrounding conurbations to form the metropolitan counties of Merseyside and Greater Manchester. The detached northern part of Lancashire in the Lake District, including the Furness Peninsula and Cartmel, was merged with Cumberland and Westmorland to form Cumbria. Lancashire lost 709 square miles of land to other counties, about two fifths of its original area, although it did gain some land from the West Riding of Yorkshire. Today the county borders Cumbria to the north, Greater Manchester and Merseyside to the south and North and West Yorkshire to the east; with a coastline on the Irish Sea to the west. The county palatine boundaries remain the same[clarification needed] with the Duke of Lancaster exercising sovereignty rights, including the appointment of lords lieutenant in Greater Manchester and Merseyside.

Q1: When was Liverpool and Manchester removed from Lancashire boundaries?
A1: 1974
Q2: How many miles of land did Lancashire lose to other countries?
A2: 709
Q3: What is to the north of Lancashire today?
A3: Cumbria
Q4: What is to the east of Lancashire today?
A4: West Yorkshire
Q5: Who exercises sovereignty rights for Lancashire?
A5: Duke of Lancaster
Muammar_Gaddafi (History)

The coup completed, the RCC proceeded with their intentions of consolidating the revolutionary government and modernizing the country. They purged monarchists and members of Idris' Senussi clan from Libya's political world and armed forces; Gaddafi believed this elite were opposed to the will of the Libyan people and had to be expunged. "People's Courts" were founded to try various monarchist politicians and journalists, and though many were imprisoned, none were executed. Idris was sentenced to execution in absentia.

Q1: What did the RCC do with remnants of the monarchy?
A1: They purged monarchists and members of Idris' Senussi clan from Libya's political world and armed forces
Q2: What happened to Idris?
A2: Idris was sentenced to execution in absentia.
Q3: How did Gaddafi view the elite?
A3: Gaddafi believed this elite were opposed to the will of the Libyan people and had to be expunged.
Q4: What happened to the monarchists and and journalists?
A4: "People's Courts" were founded to try various monarchist politicians and journalists, and though many were imprisoned, none were executed.
Q5: What clan was King Idris part of?
A5: Senussi
Q6: Along with journalists, who was tried in the People's Courts?
A6: monarchist politicians
Q7: How many people were executed by the People's Courts?
A7: none
Q8: What sentence was given to the absent King Idris?
A8: execution
Q9: Along with the Senussi, who was purged from the military?
A9: monarchists
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States (Philosophy and religion)

The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to the court's embrace of the "wall of separation" metaphor: "I think that the Court's task, in this as in all areas of constitutional adjudication, is not responsibly aided by the uncritical invocation of metaphors like the "wall of separation," a phrase nowhere to be found in the Constitution."

Q1: What was one of the reasons early colonists left England to seek religious freedom in America?
A1: governmentally composed prayers for religious services
Q2: Who was the lone dissenter in the Supreme Court's ruling?
A2: Justice Potter Stewart
Q3: What did Stewart object to?
A3: the court's embrace of the "wall of separation" metaphor
Q4: Stewart felt the court was not responsibly aided by the uncritical invocation of what?
A4: metaphors
Q5: Stewart pointed out that the phrase "Wall of separation" was nowhere to be found in what?
A5: the Constitution
Florida (Geography and places)

The court ruled in 2014, after lengthy testimony, that at least two districts had to be redrawn because of gerrymandering. After this was appealed, in July 2015 the Florida Supreme Court ruled that lawmakers had followed an illegal and unconstitutional process overly influenced by party operatives, and ruled that at least eight districts had to be redrawn. On December 2, 2015, a 5-2 majority of the Court accepted a new map of congressional districts, some of which was drawn by challengers. Their ruling affirmed the map previously approved by Leon County Judge Terry Lewis, who had overseen the original trial. It particularly makes changes in South Florida. There are likely to be additional challenges to the map and districts.

Q1: Why did the 2 districts have to be redrawn in 2014 
A1: that at least two districts had to be redrawn because of gerrymandering
Q2: How many were ruled to be redrawn in 2015 
A2: lawmakers had followed an illegal and unconstitutional process overly influenced by party operatives, and ruled that at least eight districts had to be redrawn
Q3: What was the court vote on the new congressional map in 2015
A3: a 5-2 majority of the Court accepted a new map of congressional districts
Q4: Are there any more changes coming to the map 
A4: There are likely to be additional challenges to the map and districts.
Josip_Broz_Tito (History)

The court, however, explicitly made it clear that the purpose of the review was "not a verdict on Tito as a figure or on his concrete actions, as well as not a historical weighing of facts and circumstances". Slovenia has several streets and squares named after Tito, notably Tito Square in Velenje, incorporating a 10-meter statue.

Q1: Tito Square is located in what Slovenian city?
A1: Velenje
Q2: How tall is the statue in Tito Square?
A2: 10-meter
Q3: Where is a 10-meter statue of Tito located?
A3: Tito Square
Q4: Where is Velenje located?
A4: Slovenia
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay (Sports and recreation)

The coverage of the events by the media came under scrutiny during the relay. Chinese media coverage of the torch relay has been distinct in a number of ways from coverage elsewhere. Western reporters in Beijing have described Chinese media coverage as partial and censored (for example when Chinese media did not broadcast Reporters Without Borders' disruption of the torch lighting ceremony), whereas Chinese netizens have in turn accused Western media coverage of being biased. The French newspaper Libération was criticised by the Chinese State press agency Xinhua for its allegedly biased reporting; Xinhua suggested that Libération needed "a stinging slap in the face" for having "insulted the Olympic flame" and "supported a handful of saboteurs".

Q1: The Chinese coverage of torch relay events has been accused by Western reporters as being what?
A1: partial and censored
Q2: In turn, Chinese supporters have accused Western media of being what in their coverage?
A2: biased.
Q3: Which French newspaper was accused of being biased by Chinese State press agency Xinhua?
A3: Libération
Q4: What was under scrutiny?
A4: media coverage
Q5: Coverage in China is reported to be partial and what?
A5: censored
Q6: What organization interrupted the relay and was not broadcast by the Chinese media?
A6: Reporters Without Borders
Q7: Chinese State Press said what French newspaper was biased?
A7: Libération
Q8: The Chinese State Press said the French newspaper was supporting a handful of what?
A8: saboteurs
Mosaic (Art and architecture)

The craft has also been popular in early medieval Rus, inherited as part of the Byzantine tradition. Yaroslav, the Grand Prince of the Kievan Rus' built a large cathedral in his capital, Kiev. The model of the church was the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople, and it was also called Saint Sophia Cathedral. It was built mainly by Byzantine master craftsmen, sent by Constantine Monomachos, between 1037 and 1046. Naturally the more important surfaces in the interior were decorated with golden mosaics. In the dome we can see the traditional stern Pantokrator supported by angels. Between the 12 windows of the drum were apostles and the four evangelists on the pendentives. The apse is dominated by an orant Theotokos with a Deesis in three medallions above. Below is a Communion of the Apostles.

Q1: Yaroslav held what title in medieval Russia?
A1: Grand Prince of the Kievan Rus'
Q2: Where did Yaroslav build his Cathedral?
A2: Kiev
Q3: What was used as a model for the church Yaroslav commissioned?
A3: the Hagia Sophia
Q4: What was the name of the church Yaroslav commissioned?
A4: Saint Sophia Cathedral
Q5: Who sent the Byzantine craftsmen that built Yaroslav's cathedral?
A5: Constantine Monomachos
Modern_history (Philosophy and religion)

The creation of a modern industrial economy took place. With the creation of a transportation and communication infrastructure, the corporation became the dominant form of business organization and a managerial revolution transformed business operations. In 1890, Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust Act—the source of all American anti-monopoly laws. The law forbade every contract, scheme, deal, or conspiracy to restrain trade, though the phrase "restraint of trade" remained subjective. By the beginning of the 20th century, per capita income and industrial production in the United States exceeded that of any other country except Britain. Long hours and hazardous working conditions led many workers to attempt to form labor unions despite strong opposition from industrialists and the courts. But the courts did protect the marketplace, declaring the Standard Oil group to be an "unreasonable" monopoly under the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1911. It ordered Standard to break up into 34 independent companies with different boards of directors.

Q1: What creations brought in the modern industrial economy?
A1: transportation and communication infrastructure
Q2: What became the dominant form of business organization? 
A2: the corporation
Q3: What transformed business organization in 1890?
A3: managerial revolution
Q4: The Sherman Antitrust Act is the source of what?
A4: all American anti-monopoly laws.
Q5: What was he Standard Oil Group determined to be by the courts?
A5: an "unreasonable" monopoly
Franco-Prussian_War (History)

The creation of a unified German Empire ended the balance of power that had been created with the Congress of Vienna after the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Germany had established itself as the main power in continental Europe with the most powerful and professional army in the world.[citation needed] Although Great Britain remained the dominant world power, British involvement in European affairs during the late 19th century was very limited, allowing Germany to exercise great influence over the European mainland.[citation needed] Besides, the Crown Prince's marriage with the daughter of Queen Victoria was only the most prominent of several German–British relationships.

Q1: A unified German Empire ended the balance of power in which congress?
A1: Congress of Vienna
Q2: At the end of the Napoleonic wars, Germany had established itself as what, in continental Europe?
A2: the main power
Q3: Who remained the dominant world power at this time?
A3: Great Britain
Q4: British involvement in European matters in the late 19th century was considered what?
A4: very limited
Q5: The Crown Prince's marriage to whom was considered the most prominent of German-British royal liasons?
A5: the daughter of Queen Victoria