LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Political_corruption (Social sciences and society)

More generally, corruption erodes the institutional capacity of government if procedures are disregarded, resources are siphoned off, and public offices are bought and sold. Corruption undermines the legitimacy of government and such democratic values as trust and tolerance. Recent evidence suggests that variation in the levels of corruption amongst high-income democracies can vary significantly depending on the level of accountability of decision-makers. Evidence from fragile states also shows that corruption and bribery can adversely impact trust in institutions.

Q1: What two democratic values are soiled due to corruption?
A1: trust and tolerance
Q2: Corruption disintegrates government capacity when public offices are what?
A2: bought and sold
Q3: The level of corruption can vary in richer democracies in regards to the what of those officials making decisions?
A3: accountability
Age_of_Enlightenment (Philosophy and religion)

More importantly, the contests were open to all, and the enforced anonymity of each submission guaranteed that neither gender nor social rank would determine the judging. Indeed, although the "vast majority" of participants belonged to the wealthier strata of society ("the liberal arts, the clergy, the judiciary, and the medical profession"), there were some cases of the popular classes submitting essays, and even winning. Similarly, a significant number of women participated – and won – the competitions. Of a total of 2300 prize competitions offered in France, women won 49 – perhaps a small number by modern standards, but very significant in an age in which most women did not have any academic training. Indeed, the majority of the winning entries were for poetry competitions, a genre commonly stressed in women's education.

Q1: What enforced contest rule guaranteed that neither gender nor social rank would determine the judging?
A1: anonymity
Q2: Were the vast majority of contest participants from the wealthier strata of society or the popular classes?
A2: wealthier strata of society
Q3: How many prize competitions did women win out of the 2300 in France?
A3: 49
Q4: Women's education common stressed which literary genre?
A4: poetry
Q5: What literary genre were the majority of female winning contest entries?
A5: poetry
Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union (History)

More radical reformists were increasingly convinced that a rapid transition to a market economy was required, even if the eventual outcome meant the disintegration of the Soviet Union into several independent states. Independence also accorded with Yeltsin's desires as president of the Russian Federation, as well as those of regional and local authorities to get rid of Moscow’s pervasive control. In contrast to the reformers' lukewarm response to the treaty, the conservatives, "patriots," and Russian nationalists of the USSR – still strong within the CPSU and the military – were opposed to weakening the Soviet state and its centralized power structure.

Q1: What did radicals want to change the economy to?
A1: market economy
Q2: What were they prepared to have happen to the Soviet Union in order to get a market economy?
A2: disintegration
Q3: What was Yeltsin president of?
A3: the Russian Federation,
Q4: Whose control were regional authorities hoping to do away with?
A4: Moscow’s
Lancashire (Geography and places)

More recent Lancashire-born composers include Hugh Wood (1932- Parbold), Sir Peter Maxwell Davies (1934-, Salford), Sir Harrison Birtwistle (1934-, Accrington), Gordon Crosse (1937-, Bury),John McCabe (1939-2015, Huyton), Roger Smalley (1943-2015, Swinton), Nigel Osborne (1948-, Manchester), Steve Martland (1954-2013, Liverpool), Simon Holt (1958-, Bolton) and Philip Cashian (1963-, Manchester). The Royal Manchester College of Music was founded in 1893 to provide a northern counterpart to the London musical colleges. It merged with the Northern College of Music (formed in 1920) to form the Royal Northern College of Music in 1972.

Q1: In what year was Hugh Wood born?
A1: 1932
Q2: Where was Sir Peter Maxwell Davies born?
A2: Salford
Q3: When was the Royal Manchester College of Music founded?
A3: 1893
Q4: When was the Royal Northern College of Music formed?
A4: 1972
Q5: What did the Royal Manchester College of Music merge with?
A5: the Northern College of Music
Political_corruption (Social sciences and society)

More recently, articles in various financial periodicals, most notably Forbes magazine, have pointed to Fidel Castro, General Secretary of the Republic of Cuba since 1959, of likely being the beneficiary of up to $900 million, based on "his control" of state-owned companies. Opponents of his regime claim that he has used money amassed through weapons sales, narcotics, international loans, and confiscation of private property to enrich himself and his political cronies who hold his dictatorship together, and that the $900 million published by Forbes is merely a portion of his assets, although that needs to be proven.

Q1: What magazine had articles about Castro benefiting from corruption?
A1: Forbes
Q2: The $900 million Forbes said Castro took may only be what of his total assets?
A2: a portion
Q3: What is Fidel Castro's official title?
A3: General Secretary of the Republic of Cuba
Germans (Language and literature)

More recently, films such as Das Boot (1981), The Never Ending Story (1984) Run Lola Run (1998), Das Experiment (2001), Good Bye Lenin! (2003), Gegen die Wand (Head-on) (2004) and Der Untergang (Downfall) (2004) have enjoyed international success. In 2002 the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film went to Caroline Link's Nowhere in Africa, in 2007 to Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck's The Lives of Others. The Berlin International Film Festival, held yearly since 1951, is one of the world's foremost film and cinema festivals.

Q1: In what year was the never ending story made?
A1: 1984
Q2: What award did Nowhere in Africa win in 2002?
A2: Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film
Q3: In what year did The Lives of Others win the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language?
A3: 2007
Q4: How often is the Berlin International Film Festival held?
A4: yearly
Q5: What was the first year of the Berlin International Film Festival?
A5: 1951
Sexual_orientation (Natural sciences)

More recently, scientists have started to focus on measuring changes in brain activity related to sexual arousal, by using brain-scanning techniques. A study on how heterosexual and homosexual men's brains react to seeing pictures of naked men and women has found that both hetero- and homosexual men react positively to seeing their preferred sex, using the same brain regions. The only significant group difference between these orientations was found in the amygdala, a brain region known to be involved in regulating fear.

Q1: What have scientists started spending the most time on?
A1: measuring changes in brain activity related to sexual arousal
Q2: How do scientiest measure brain activity?
A2: by using brain-scanning techniques
Q3: How did both gay and straight men react to pictures of both naked men and women?
A3: positively
Q4: What was the only difference in the study between gay and straight men?
A4: The only significant group difference between these orientations was found in the amygdala,
Q5: What does the amygdala region of the brain do?
A5: known to be involved in regulating fear.
Oklahoma (Geography and places)

More than 12,000 miles (19,000 km) of roads make up the state's major highway skeleton, including state-operated highways, ten turnpikes or major toll roads, and the longest drivable stretch of Route 66 in the nation. In 2008, Interstate 44 in Oklahoma City was Oklahoma's busiest highway, with a daily traffic volume of 123,300 cars. In 2010, the state had the nation's third highest number of bridges classified as structurally deficient, with nearly 5,212 bridges in disrepair, including 235 National Highway System Bridges.

Q1: How many miles of highways are in Oklahoma?
A1: More than 12,000
Q2: Oklahoma has the longest drivable stretch of what famous highway?
A2: Route 66
Q3: What is the busiest highway in Oklahoma?
A3: Interstate 44
Q4: How many bridges in Oklahoma were found to be deficient in 2010?
A4: 5,212
Q5: How many national highway bridges in Oklahoma were found to be deficient in 2010?
A5: 235
Muslim_world (Philosophy and religion)

More than 20% of the world's population is Muslim. Current estimates conclude that the number of Muslims in the world is around 1,5 billion. Muslims are the majority in 49 countries, they speak hundreds of languages and come from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Major languages spoken by Muslims include Arabic, Urdu, Bengali, Punjabi, Malay, Javanese, Sundanese, Swahili, Hausa, Fula, Berber, Tuareg, Somali, Albanian, Bosnian, Russian, Turkish, Azeri, Kazakh, Uzbek, Tatar, Persian, Kurdish, Pashto, Balochi, Sindhi and Kashmiri, among many others.

Q1: What percentage of the humans in the world are considered Muslim?
A1: 20%
Q2: How many Muslims are believed to live on earth?
A2: 1,5 billion
Q3: In how many nations are Muslims in the majority of people?
A3: 49
Q4: How many languages are spoken by Muslims?
A4: hundreds
New_York_City (Geography and places)

More than 200 newspapers and 350 consumer magazines have an office in the city, and the publishing industry employs about 25,000 people. Two of the three national daily newspapers in the United States are New York papers: The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times, which has won the most Pulitzer Prizes for journalism. Major tabloid newspapers in the city include: The New York Daily News, which was founded in 1919 by Joseph Medill Patterson and The New York Post, founded in 1801 by Alexander Hamilton. The city also has a comprehensive ethnic press, with 270 newspapers and magazines published in more than 40 languages. El Diario La Prensa is New York's largest Spanish-language daily and the oldest in the nation. The New York Amsterdam News, published in Harlem, is a prominent African American newspaper. The Village Voice is the largest alternative newspaper.

Q1: How many people work in the New York publishing industry?
A1: 25,000
Q2: Which New York-based newspaper has won the Pulitzer Prize for journalism?
A2: The New York Times
Q3: Along with the New York Times, what national daily newspaper is based in New York?
A3: The Wall Street Journal
Q4: What was the founding year of the New York Daily News?
A4: 1919
Q5: Who was the founder of the New York Post?
A5: Alexander Hamilton
Q6: How many newspaper offices are located in New York?
A6: More than 200
Q7: How many magazines can call NYC home?
A7: 350
Q8: How many national newspapers out of the three are from New York?
A8: 2
Q9: Which two national newspapers are located in New York?
A9: The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times
Q10: When was the New York Daily News founded?
A10: 1919
Endangered_Species_Act (Natural sciences)

More than half of habitat for listed species is on non-federal property, owned by citizens, states, local governments, tribal governments and private organizations. Before the law was amended in 1982, a listed species could be taken only for scientific or research purposes. The amendment created a permit process to circumvent the take prohibition called a Habitat Conservation Plan or HCP to give incentives to non-federal land managers and private landowners to help protect listed and unlisted species, while allowing economic development that may harm ("take") the species.

Q1: Who owns the majority of critical habitat?
A1: non-federal property, owned by citizens, states, local governments, tribal governments and private organizations
Q2: What program gives incentives to private landowners to protect species on their land?
A2: Habitat Conservation Plan
Q3: Before the amendment in 1982, under what situations could a listed species be displaced?
A3: only for scientific or research purposes
Jews (History)

More than half of the Jews live in the Diaspora (see Population table). Currently, the largest Jewish community outside Israel, and either the largest or second-largest Jewish community in the world, is located in the United States, with 5.2 million to 6.4 million Jews by various estimates. Elsewhere in the Americas, there are also large Jewish populations in Canada (315,000), Argentina (180,000-300,000), and Brazil (196,000-600,000), and smaller populations in Mexico, Uruguay, Venezuela, Chile, Colombia and several other countries (see History of the Jews in Latin America). Demographers disagree on whether the United States has a larger Jewish population than Israel, with many maintaining that Israel surpassed the United States in Jewish population during the 2000s, while others maintain that the United States still has the largest Jewish population in the world. Currently, a major national Jewish population survey is planned to ascertain whether or not Israel has overtaken the United States in Jewish population.

Q1: More than half of the Jews live where?
A1: Diaspora
Q2: How many Jews live in Canada?
A2: 315,000
Q3: How many Jews live in Argentina?
A3: 180,000-300,000
Q4: How many Jews live in Brazil?
A4: 196,000-600,000
Boston (Geography and places)

More than two-thirds of inner Boston's modern land area did not exist when the city was founded, but was created via the gradual filling in of the surrounding tidal areas over the centuries, notably with earth from the leveling or lowering of Boston's three original hills (the "Trimountain", after which Tremont Street is named), and with gravel brought by train from Needham to fill the Back Bay. Downtown and its immediate surroundings consists largely of low-rise (often Federal style and Greek Revival) masonry buildings, interspersed with modern highrises, notably in the Financial District, Government Center, and South Boston. Back Bay includes many prominent landmarks, such as the Boston Public Library, Christian Science Center, Copley Square, Newbury Street, and New England's two tallest buildings—the John Hancock Tower and the Prudential Center. Near the John Hancock Tower is the old John Hancock Building with its prominent illuminated beacon, the color of which forecasts the weather. Smaller commercial areas are interspersed among areas of single-family homes and wooden/brick multi-family row houses. The South End Historic District is the largest surviving contiguous Victorian-era neighborhood in the US. The geography of downtown and South Boston was particularly impacted by the Central Artery/Tunnel Project (known unofficially as the "Big Dig"), which allowed for the removal of the unsightly elevated Central Artery and the incorporation of new green spaces and open areas.

Q1: How much of Inner Bostons land area did not exist when the city was founded?
A1: More than two-thirds
Q2: The modern land area was created by the gradual filling in of surrounding what?
A2: tidal areas
Q3: Tremont Street is named after what original hill in Boston?
A3: Trimountain
Q4: A train full of gravel came from Needham to fill what?
A4: the Back Bay
Q5: The Boston Public Library is located in what part of Boston?
A5: the Back Bay
Circadian_rhythm (Natural sciences)

More-or-less independent circadian rhythms are found in many organs and cells in the body outside the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), the "master clock". These clocks, called peripheral oscillators, are found in the adrenal gland,[citation needed] oesophagus, lungs, liver, pancreas, spleen, thymus, and skin.[citation needed] Though oscillators in the skin respond to light, a systemic influence has not been proven. There is also some evidence that the olfactory bulb and prostate may experience oscillations when cultured, suggesting that these structures may also be weak oscillators.[citation needed]

Q1: Where else beside the SCN cells are independent circadian rhythms also found?
A1: organs and cells
Q2: What is the term for the independent clocks?
A2: peripheral oscillators
Q3: What is the SCN considered to be in comparison to the peripheral oscillators?
A3: master clock
Q4: In what body gland are the peripheral oscillators located?
A4: adrenal gland
Q5: To what do oscillators in the skin respond?
A5: light
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 (History)

Moreover, a conflict of interest between professional investment managers and their institutional clients, combined with a global glut in investment capital, led to bad investments by asset managers in over-priced credit assets. Professional investment managers generally are compensated based on the volume of client assets under management. There is, therefore, an incentive for asset managers to expand their assets under management in order to maximize their compensation. As the glut in global investment capital caused the yields on credit assets to decline, asset managers were faced with the choice of either investing in assets where returns did not reflect true credit risk or returning funds to clients. Many asset managers chose to continue to invest client funds in over-priced (under-yielding) investments, to the detriment of their clients, in order to maintain their assets under management. This choice was supported by a "plausible deniability" of the risks associated with subprime-based credit assets because the loss experience with early "vintages" of subprime loans was so low.

Q1: What led to bad investments by asset managers in over-priced credit assets?
A1: a conflict of interest
Q2: Who is compensated based on the volume of client assets they have under management?
A2: Professional investment managers
Q3: What is the incentive for asset managers to expand their assets under management?
A3: to maximize their compensation
Q4: What did many asset managers decide to do to the detriment of their clients?
A4: continue to invest client funds in over-priced (under-yielding) investments
Q5: What rationale did asset managers who continued to invest in over-priced investments to the detriment of their clients use?
A5: plausible deniability
Race_(human_categorization) (Natural sciences)

Morning (2008) looked at high school biology textbooks during the 1952-2002 period and initially found a similar pattern with only 35% directly discussing race in the 1983–92 period from initially 92% doing so. However, this has increased somewhat after this to 43%. More indirect and brief discussions of race in the context of medical disorders have increased from none to 93% of textbooks. In general, the material on race has moved from surface traits to genetics and evolutionary history. The study argues that the textbooks' fundamental message about the existence of races has changed little.

Q1: What did Morning find when he looked at biology textbooks during the 1952-2002 period?
A1: similar pattern
Q2: How many of the textbooks between 1983 and 1992 discussed race?
A2: 35%
Q3: After 1992, what did the percentage of textbooks discussing race increase to?
A3: 43%
Q4: What percentage have discussions of race in the context of medical disorders increased from zero to?
A4: 93%
Q5: What does the study argue about the fundamental message regarding the existence of races?
A5: changed little
Mosaic (Art and architecture)

Mosaic art also flourished in Christian Petra where three Byzantine churches were discovered. The most important one was uncovered in 1990. It is known that the walls were also covered with golden glass mosaics but only the floor panels survived as usual. The mosaic of the seasons in the southern aisle is from this first building period from the middle of the 5th century. In the first half of the 6th century the mosaics of the northern aisle and the eastern end of the southern aisle were installed. They depict native as well as exotic or mythological animals, and personifications of the Seasons, Ocean, Earth and Wisdom.

Q1: How many Christian churches have been found in the Christian Petra?
A1: three
Q2: When was the most important Byzantine church re-discovered?
A2: in 1990
Q3: What type of mosaics were present in the church discovered in 1990?
A3: only the floor panels
Q4: What century was the oldest known mosaic at the church discovered in 1990?
A4: the 5th
Q5: The scenes depicted on the mosaics were both native and what kind of mythological animals?
A5: exotic
Mosaic (Art and architecture)

Mosaic has a long history, starting in Mesopotamia in the 3rd millennium BC. Pebble mosaics were made in Tiryns in Mycenean Greece; mosaics with patterns and pictures became widespread in classical times, both in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Early Christian basilicas from the 4th century onwards were decorated with wall and ceiling mosaics. Mosaic art flourished in the Byzantine Empire from the 6th to the 15th centuries; that tradition was adopted by the Norman kingdom in Sicily in the 12th century, by eastern-influenced Venice, and among the Rus in Ukraine. Mosaic fell out of fashion in the Renaissance, though artists like Raphael continued to practise the old technique. Roman and Byzantine influence led Jews to decorate 5th and 6th century synagogues in the Middle East with floor mosaics.

Q1: What millennium did Mosaic start?
A1: the 3rd millennium BC
Q2: What kind of mosaic were made in Tiryns?
A2: Pebble mosaics
Q3: Who besides the Romans did the Jewish people get influenced by?
A3: Byzantine
Q4: The Norman kingdomwas in what italian city state?
A4: Sicily
Q5: When did mosaic fall out of fashion?
A5: the Renaissance
Quran (Philosophy and religion)

Moses, in 7:143, comes the way of those who are in love, he asks for a vision but his desire is denied, he is made to suffer by being commanded to look at other than the Beloved while the mountain is able to see God. The mountain crumbles and Moses faints at the sight of God's manifestation upon the mountain. In Qushayri's words, Moses came like thousands of men who traveled great distances, and there was nothing left to Moses of Moses. In that state of annihilation from himself, Moses was granted the unveiling of the realities. From the Sufi point of view, God is the always the beloved and the wayfarer's longing and suffering lead to realization of the truths.

Q1: Beloved is a term for God used by which style of Quranic interpretation?
A1: Sufi
Q2: Which Quranic verse describes Moses' encounter with God at the mountain?
A2: 7:143
Q3: In Sufi thought, what experiences bring one closer to truth?
A3: longing and suffering
Q4: Who wrote that Moses had lost the Moses in himself along the way to his encounter with God?
A4: Qushayri
Pub (History)

Most British pubs still have decorated signs hanging over their doors, and these retain their original function of enabling the identification of the pub. Today's pub signs almost always bear the name of the pub, both in words and in pictorial representation. The more remote country pubs often have stand-alone signs directing potential customers to their door.

Q1: What hangs today over most British pub doors?
A1: decorated signs
Q2: What piece of information is almost always listed on a pub sign?
A2: the name of the pub
Q3: What purpose do stand-alone signs serve for country pubs?
A3: directing potential customers to their door