LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Mesozoic (History)

The lower (Triassic) boundary is set by the Permian–Triassic extinction event, during which approximately 90% to 96% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrates became extinct. It is also known as the "Great Dying" because it is considered the largest mass extinction in the Earth's history. The upper (Cretaceous) boundary is set at the Cretaceous–Tertiary (KT) extinction event (now more accurately called the Cretaceous–Paleogene (or K–Pg) extinction event), which may have been caused by the impactor that created Chicxulub Crater on the Yucatán Peninsula. Towards the Late Cretaceous large volcanic eruptions are also believed to have contributed to the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. Approximately 50% of all genera became extinct, including all of the non-avian dinosaurs.

Q1: What event sets the boundary for the Triassic?
A1: Permian–Triassic extinction
Q2: What percentage of marine life died during the extinction?
A2: 90% to 96%
Q3: How many terrestrial species died during the extinction?
A3: 70%
Q4: What is the largest extinction of species in Earth's history known as?
A4: Great Dying
Q5: What is the possible cause of the upper Cretaceous extinction event ?
A5: K–Pg) extinction
Alps (Geography and places)

The lower regions and larger towns of the Alps are well-served by motorways and main roads, but higher mountain passes and byroads, which are amongst the highest in Europe, can be treacherous even in summer due to steep slopes. Many passes are closed in winter. A multitude of airports around the Alps (and some within), as well as long-distance rail links from all neighbouring countries, afford large numbers of travellers easy access from abroad.

Q1: When are many passes in the Alps closed? 
A1: winter
Q2: The lower regions and larger towns of the Alps are well-served by what?
A2: motorways
Q3: What can be treacherous even in summer due to steep slopes?
A3: mountain passes
Vacuum (Natural sciences)

The lowest pressure that can be attained in a system is also dependent on many things other than the nature of the pumps. Multiple pumps may be connected in series, called stages, to achieve higher vacuums. The choice of seals, chamber geometry, materials, and pump-down procedures will all have an impact. Collectively, these are called vacuum technique. And sometimes, the final pressure is not the only relevant characteristic. Pumping systems differ in oil contamination, vibration, preferential pumping of certain gases, pump-down speeds, intermittent duty cycle, reliability, or tolerance to high leakage rates.

Q1: When multiple pumps are connected in series to produce higher vacuum it is called what?
A1: stages
Q2: The choice of seals, or chamber geometry ,for example impact a pump. Together these are options are called what?
A2: vacuum technique
Q3: What are two other relevant characteristics of a pumping system along with final pressure?
A3: oil contamination, vibration
Serbo-Croatian (Language and literature)

The luxurious and ornate representative texts of Serbo-Croatian Church Slavonic belong to the later era, when they coexisted with the Serbo-Croatian vernacular literature. The most notable are the "Missal of Duke Novak" from the Lika region in northwestern Croatia (1368), "Evangel from Reims" (1395, named after the town of its final destination), Hrvoje's Missal from Bosnia and Split in Dalmatia (1404), and the first printed book in Serbo-Croatian, the Glagolitic Missale Romanum Glagolitice (1483).

Q1: What was the first book published in Serbo-Croatian?
A1: Glagolitic Missale Romanum Glagolitice (1483)
Q2: For what was "Evangel from Reims" named?
A2: the town of its final destination
Q3: In what year was the first book printed in Serbo-Croatian?
A3: (1483)
Heian_period (History)

The lyrics of the modern Japanese national anthem, Kimi ga Yo, were written in the Heian period, as was The Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu, one of the first novels ever written. Murasaki Shikibu's contemporary and rival Sei Shōnagon's revealing observations and musings as an attendant in the Empress' court were recorded collectively as The Pillow Book in the 990s, which revealed the quotidian capital lifestyle. The Heian period produced a flowering of poetry including works of Ariwara no Narihira, Ono no Komachi, Izumi Shikibu, Murasaki Shikibu, Saigyō and Fujiwara no Teika. The famous Japanese poem known as the Iroha (いろは), of uncertain authorship, was also written during the Heian period.

Q1: What is the name of the Japanese national anthem?
A1: Kimi ga Yo
Q2: What famous poem with an unknown author was written during the Heian period?
A2: Iroha
Q3: The Pillow Book was a collection of whose observations of the imperial court?
A3: Sei Shōnagon
Computer (Engineering and technology)

The machine was about a century ahead of its time. All the parts for his machine had to be made by hand — this was a major problem for a device with thousands of parts. Eventually, the project was dissolved with the decision of the British Government to cease funding. Babbage's failure to complete the analytical engine can be chiefly attributed to difficulties not only of politics and financing, but also to his desire to develop an increasingly sophisticated computer and to move ahead faster than anyone else could follow. Nevertheless, his son, Henry Babbage, completed a simplified version of the analytical engine's computing unit (the mill) in 1888. He gave a successful demonstration of its use in computing tables in 1906.

Q1: Who was Charles Babbage's son?
A1: Henry Babbage
Q2: Who created a simple version of the analytical engine's computing unit?
A2: Henry Babbage
Q3: When was the mill created by Henry Babbage?
A3: 1888
Q4: When was a demonstration by Henry Babbage of the mill given?
A4: 1906
Nutrition (Agriculture, food, and drink)

The macronutrients are carbohydrates, fats, protein, and water. The macronutrients (excluding fiber and water) provide structural material (amino acids from which proteins are built, and lipids from which cell membranes and some signaling molecules are built) and energy. Some of the structural material can be used to generate energy internally, and in either case it is measured in Joules or kilocalories (often called "Calories" and written with a capital C to distinguish them from little 'c' calories). Carbohydrates and proteins provide 17 kJ approximately (4 kcal) of energy per gram, while fats provide 37 kJ (9 kcal) per gram, though the net energy from either depends on such factors as absorption and digestive effort, which vary substantially from instance to instance. Vitamins, minerals, fiber, and water do not provide energy, but are required for other reasons.

Q1: Which category is represented by carbohydrates and fats among other nutrients?
A1: macronutrients
Q2: What other significant aspect do macronutrients provide other than energy?
A2: structural material
Q3: What unit other than calories is used to measure the energy generated by nutrients?
A3: Joules
Q4: Which nutrient generally provides around 37 kJ per gram?
A4: fats
Q5: Although vitamins are important for many reasons, which role do they not play in the human body?
A5: provide energy
Beer (Agriculture, food, and drink)

The main active ingredient of beer is alcohol, and therefore, the health effects of alcohol apply to beer. Consumption of small quantities of alcohol (less than one drink in women and two in men) is associated with a decreased risk of cardiac disease, stroke and diabetes mellitus. The long term health effects of continuous, moderate or heavy alcohol consumption include the risk of developing alcoholism and alcoholic liver disease. A total of 3.3 million deaths (5.9% of all deaths) are believed to be due to alcohol. Alcoholism often reduces a person's life expectancy by around ten years. Alcohol use is the third leading cause of early death in the United States.

Q1: What is beers primary active ingredient?
A1: alcohol
Q2: What disease can be caused by heavy alcohol consumption?
A2: alcoholic liver disease
Q3: How many deaths are believed to have been caused by alcohol?
A3: 3.3 million
Q4: What is the third leading cause of premature dying in the US?
A4: Alcohol
Q5: How many years are removed from an alcoholic's life expectancy?
A5: around ten
Brigham_Young_University (Philosophy and religion)

The main campus in Provo, Utah, United States sits on approximately 560 acres (2.3 km2) nestled at the base of the Wasatch Mountains and includes 295 buildings. The buildings feature a wide variety of architectural styles, each building being built in the style of its time. The grass, trees, and flower beds on BYU's campus are impeccably maintained. Furthermore, views of the Wasatch Mountains, (including Mount Timpanogos) can be seen from the campus. BYU's Harold B. Lee Library (also known as "HBLL"), which The Princeton Review ranked as the No. 1 "Great College Library" in 2004, has approximately 8½ million items in its collections, contains 98 miles (158 km) of shelving, and can seat 4,600 people. The Spencer W. Kimball Tower, shortened to SWKT and pronounced Swicket by many students, is home to several of the university's departments and programs and is the tallest building in Provo, Utah. Furthermore, BYU's Marriott Center, used as a basketball arena, can seat over 22,000 and is one of the largest on-campus arenas in the nation. Interestingly absent on the campus of this church owned university is a campus chapel. Notwithstanding, each Sunday LDS Church services for students are conducted on campus, but due to the large number of students attending these services, nearly all of the buildings and possible meeting spaces on campus are utilized (in addition, many students attend services off campus in LDS chapels in the surrounding communities).

Q1: How many buildings are on BYU's main campus?
A1: 295
Q2: How many acres are included in BYU's main campus?
A2: approximately 560
Q3: Where is BYU's main campus located?
A3: Provo, Utah
Q4: How many miles of shelving are in BYU's Harold B. Lee Library?
A4: 98
Q5: Which BYU building is the tallest in Provost, Utah?
A5: Spencer W. Kimball Tower
Spectre_(2015_film) (Media and drama)

The main cast was revealed in December 2014 at the 007 Stage at Pinewood Studios. Daniel Craig returned for his fourth appearance as James Bond, while Ralph Fiennes, Naomie Harris and Ben Whishaw reprised their roles as M, Eve Moneypenny and Q respectively, having been established in Skyfall. Rory Kinnear also reprised his role as Bill Tanner in his third appearance in the series.

Q1: When were the actors in Spectre announced?
A1: December 2014
Q2: Which actor portrayed M?
A2: Ralph Fiennes
Q3: Which actress portrayed Eve Moneypenny?
A3: Naomie Harris
Q4: Which actor portrayed Q?
A4: Ben Whishaw
Q5: Which actor portrayed Bill Tanner?
A5: Rory Kinnear
Q6: How many times has Daniel Craig portrayed James Bond in films?
A6: four
Q7: Which actor portrays Bill Tanner?
A7: Rory Kinnear
Q8: Which three actors reprised supporting roles for Spectre?
A8: Ralph Fiennes, Naomie Harris and Ben Whishaw
Tuberculosis (Natural sciences)

The main cause of TB is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a small, aerobic, nonmotile bacillus. The high lipid content of this pathogen accounts for many of its unique clinical characteristics. It divides every 16 to 20 hours, which is an extremely slow rate compared with other bacteria, which usually divide in less than an hour. Mycobacteria have an outer membrane lipid bilayer. If a Gram stain is performed, MTB either stains very weakly "Gram-positive" or does not retain dye as a result of the high lipid and mycolic acid content of its cell wall. MTB can withstand weak disinfectants and survive in a dry state for weeks. In nature, the bacterium can grow only within the cells of a host organism, but M. tuberculosis can be cultured in the laboratory.

Q1: The uniqueness of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is due to its high level of what type of molecule?
A1: lipid
Q2: Is the division rate of the TB bacterium fast or slow relative to other bacteria?
A2: slow
Q3: In nature, what "helper" does the MTB bacterium require to grow?
A3: a host organism
Q4: How long is the period between division of MTB cells?
A4: 16 to 20 hours
Q5: How much time does it take most bacteria to divide?
A5: less than an hour
Swaziland (Geography and places)

The main centre for technical training in Swaziland is the Swaziland College of Technology which is slated to become a full university. It aims to provide and facilitating high quality training and learning in technology and business studies in collaboration with the Commercial, Industrial and Public Sectors. Other technical and vocational institutions are the Gwamile Vocational and Commercial Training Institute located in Matsapha and the Manzini Industrial and Training Centre (MITC) in Manzini. Other vocational institutions include Nhlangano Agricultural Skills Training Center and Siteki Industrial Training Centre.

Q1: Which school is the main location for technical education in Swaziland?
A1: Swaziland College of Technology
Q2: What types of education does the Swaziland College of Technology offer?
A2: technology and business studies
Q3: What is the location of the Gwamile Vocational and Commercial Training Institute?
A3: Matsapha
Q4: There is an educational facility in Manzini within Swaziland known by the acronym MITC, what does it stand for?
A4: Manzini Industrial and Training Centre
Somerset (Geography and places)

The main coastal towns are, from the west to the north-east, Minehead, Watchet, Burnham-on-Sea, Weston-super-Mare, Clevedon and Portishead. The coastal area between Minehead and the eastern extreme of the administrative county's coastline at Brean Down is known as Bridgwater Bay, and is a National Nature Reserve. North of that, the coast forms Weston Bay and Sand Bay whose northern tip, Sand Point, marks the lower limit of the Severn Estuary. In the mid and north of the county the coastline is low as the level wetlands of the levels meet the sea. In the west, the coastline is high and dramatic where the plateau of Exmoor meets the sea, with high cliffs and waterfalls.

Q1: What are the main coastal towns 
A1: Minehead, Watchet, Burnham-on-Sea, Weston-super-Mare, Clevedon and Portishead
Q2: what is the name of the natural reserve area 
A2: Bridgwater Bay, and is a National Nature Reserve
Q3: what does the western coastline look like 
A3: the coastline is high and dramatic where the plateau of Exmoor meets the sea, with high cliffs and waterfalls.
Tibet (Geography and places)

The main crops grown are barley, wheat, buckwheat, rye, potatoes, and assorted fruits and vegetables. Tibet is ranked the lowest among China’s 31 provinces on the Human Development Index according to UN Development Programme data. In recent years, due to increased interest in Tibetan Buddhism, tourism has become an increasingly important sector, and is actively promoted by the authorities. Tourism brings in the most income from the sale of handicrafts. These include Tibetan hats, jewelry (silver and gold), wooden items, clothing, quilts, fabrics, Tibetan rugs and carpets. The Central People's Government exempts Tibet from all taxation and provides 90% of Tibet's government expenditures. However most of this investment goes to pay migrant workers who do not settle in Tibet and send much of their income home to other provinces.

Q1: Where is Tibet ranked among China's 31 provinces on the UN's Human Development Index?
A1: lowest
Q2: What has increased tourism to Tibet in recent years?
A2: increased interest in Tibetan Buddhism
Q3: What is Tibet exempt from?
A3: all taxation
Q4: From which area does tourism bring the most income?
A4: sale of handicrafts
Rajasthan (Geography and places)

The main industries are mineral based, agriculture based, and textile based. Rajasthan is the second largest producer of polyester fibre in India. The Pali and Bhilwara District produces more cloth than Bhiwandi, Maharashtra and the bhilwara is the largest city in suitings production and export and Pali is largest city in cotton and polyster in blouse pieces and rubia production and export. Several prominent chemical and engineering companies are located in the city of Kota, in southern Rajasthan. Rajasthan is pre-eminent in quarrying and mining in India. The Taj Mahal was built from the white marble which was mined from a town called Makrana. The state is the second largest source of cement in India. It has rich salt deposits at Sambhar, copper mines at Khetri, Jhunjhunu, and zinc mines at Dariba, Zawar mines and Rampura Aghucha (opencast) near Bhilwara. Dimensional stone mining is also undertaken in Rajasthan. Jodhpur sandstone is mostly used in monuments, important buildings and residential buildings. This stone is termed as "chittar patthar". Jodhpur leads in Handicraft and Guar Gum industry. Rajasthan is also a part of the Mumbai-Delhi Industrial corridor is set to benefit economically. The State gets 39% of the DMIC, with major districts of Jaipur, Alwar, Kota and Bhilwara benefiting.

Q1: What type of fibre is Rajasthan ranked 2nd in production of?
A1: polyester fibre
Q2: What is the largest city for polyster blouse pieces in Rajasthan?
A2: Pali is largest city in cotton and polyster in blouse pieces
Q3: From what town did the marble in the Taj Mahal come?
A3: Makrana
Q4: What type of deposits are found at Sambhar?
A4: rich salt deposits
Q5: What kind of mines are found in Khetri and Jhunjhunu ?
A5: copper mines
Kathmandu (Geography and places)

The main international airport serving Kathmandu and thus Nepal is the Tribhuvan International Airport, located about six kilometers (6 km (3.7 mi)) from the city centre. Operated by the Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal it has two terminals, one domestic and one international. At present, about 22 international airlines connect Nepal to other destinations in Europe, Asia and the Middle East, to cities such as Istanbul, Delhi, Kolkata, Singapore, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Dhaka, Islamabad, Paro, Lhasa, Chengdu, and Guangzhou. A recent extension to the international terminal has made the distance to the airplanes shorter and in October 2009 it became possible to fly directly to Kathmandu from Amsterdam with Arkefly. Since 2013, Turkish Airlines connects Istanbul to Kathmandu. Regionally, several Nepali airlines operate from the city, including Agni Air, Buddha Air, Cosmic Air, Nepal Airlines and Yeti Airlines, to other major towns across Nepal.

Q1: What is Nepal's primary airport for international travel?
A1: Tribhuvan International Airport
Q2: Starting in the center of Kathmandu, how many kilometers must one travel to reach Tribhuvan International Airport?
A2: 6
Q3: How many airlines use Tribhuvan International for international flights?
A3: 22
Q4: From what city does Arkefly offer nonstop flights to Kathmandu?
A4: Amsterdam
Q5: Who operates flights between Kathmandu and Istanbul?
A5: Turkish Airlines
Utrecht (History)

The main local and regional bus station of Utrecht is located adjacent to Utrecht Centraal railway station, at the East and West entrances. Due to large scale renovation and construction works at the railway station, the station's bus stops are changing frequently. As a general rule, westbound buses depart from the bus station on the west entrance, other buses from the east side station. Local buses in Utrecht are operated by Qbuzz – its services include a high-frequency service to the Uithof university district. The local bus fleet is one of Europe's cleanest, using only buses compliant with the Euro-VI standard as well as electric buses for inner city transport. Regional buses from the city are operated by Arriva and Connexxion.

Q1: Where is the bus station located 
A1: The main local and regional bus station of Utrecht is located adjacent to Utrecht Centraal railway station, at the East and West entrances
Q2: renovations are causing what changes 
A2: large scale renovation and construction works at the railway station, the station's bus stops are changing frequently
Q3: what is qbuzz
A3: Local buses in Utrecht are operated by Qbuzz – its services include a high-frequency service to the Uithof university district
Q4: What is one of Europes cleanest 
A4: The local bus fleet is one of Europe's cleanest, using only buses compliant with the Euro-VI standard as well as electric buses for inner city transport
Antarctica (Natural sciences)

The main mineral resource known on the continent is coal. It was first recorded near the Beardmore Glacier by Frank Wild on the Nimrod Expedition, and now low-grade coal is known across many parts of the Transantarctic Mountains. The Prince Charles Mountains contain significant deposits of iron ore. The most valuable resources of Antarctica lie offshore, namely the oil and natural gas fields found in the Ross Sea in 1973. Exploitation of all mineral resources is banned until 2048 by the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty.

Q1: What is the main mineral found on Antarctica?
A1: coal
Q2: Where was coal first found on Antarctica?
A2: Beardmore Glacier
Q3: What expedition discovered coal on Antarctica?
A3: Nimrod Expedition
Q4: Where is iron ore found on Antarctica?
A4: Prince Charles Mountains
Q5: Where are oil and gas deposits located near Antarctica?
A5: Ross Sea
Seattle (History)

The main mode of transportation, however, relies on Seattle's streets, which are laid out in a cardinal directions grid pattern, except in the central business district where early city leaders Arthur Denny and Carson Boren insisted on orienting their plats relative to the shoreline rather than to true North. Only two roads, Interstate 5 and State Route 99 (both limited-access highways), run uninterrupted through the city from north to south. State Route 99 runs through downtown Seattle on the Alaskan Way Viaduct, which was built in 1953. However, due to damage sustained during the 2001 Nisqually earthquake the viaduct will be replaced by a tunnel. The 2-mile (3.2 km) Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement tunnel was originally scheduled to be completed in December 2015 at a cost of US$4.25 billion. Unfortunately, due to issues with the worlds largest tunnel boring machine (TBM), which is nicknamed "Bertha" and is 57 feet (17 m) in diameter, the projected date of completion has been pushed back to 2017. Seattle has the 8th worst traffic congestion of all American cities, and is 10th among all North American cities.

Q1: What is mainly used for transportation in Seattle?
A1: streets
Q2: What road was built in 1953 and later damaged by an earthquake?
A2: Alaskan Way Viaduct
Q3: What is planned to replace the Alaska Way Viaduct?
A3: tunnel
Q4: What was the original projected cost of the viaduct replacement tunnel?
A4: $4.25 billion
Q5: When is the tunnel now expected to be finished?
A5: 2017