LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Computer (Engineering and technology)

A general purpose computer has four main components: the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), the control unit, the memory, and the input and output devices (collectively termed I/O). These parts are interconnected by buses, often made of groups of wires.

Q1: The ALU of a computer stands for what?
A1: arithmetic logic
Q2: Input and output devices are known as what term?
A2: I/O
Q3: Besides the ALU, input and output devices, what are the other two main components of a computer?
A3: the control unit, the memory
Empiricism (Philosophy and religion)

A generation later, the Irish Anglican bishop, George Berkeley (1685–1753), determined that Locke's view immediately opened a door that would lead to eventual atheism. In response to Locke, he put forth in his Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge (1710) an important challenge to empiricism in which things only exist either as a result of their being perceived, or by virtue of the fact that they are an entity doing the perceiving. (For Berkeley, God fills in for humans by doing the perceiving whenever humans are not around to do it.) In his text Alciphron, Berkeley maintained that any order humans may see in nature is the language or handwriting of God. Berkeley's approach to empiricism would later come to be called subjective idealism.

Q1: Who wrote 'Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge'?
A1: George Berkeley
Q2: When was 'Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge' published?
A2: 1710
Q3: What religion was George Berkeley?
A3: Anglican
Q4: What nationality was George Berkeley?
A4: Irish
Q5: Who wrote 'Alciphron'?
A5: George Berkeley
Age_of_Enlightenment (Philosophy and religion)

A genre that greatly rose in importance was that of scientific literature. Natural history in particular became increasingly popular among the upper classes. Works of natural history include René-Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur's Histoire naturelle des insectes and Jacques Gautier d'Agoty's La Myologie complète, ou description de tous les muscles du corps humain (1746). Outside ancien régime France, natural history was an important part of medicine and industry, encompassing the fields of botany, zoology, meteorology, hydrology and mineralogy. Students in Enlightenment universities and academies were taught these subjects to prepare them for careers as diverse as medicine and theology. As shown by M D Eddy, natural history in this context was a very middle class pursuit and operated as a fertile trading zone for the interdisciplinary exchange of diverse scientific ideas.

Q1: Did natural history in particular become increasingly popular amoung the upper or lower classes?
A1: upper
Q2: Which type of history encompassed botany, zoology, meteorolgy, hydrology, and mineralogy?
A2: natural history
Q3: Who wrote the Histoire naturelle des insectes?
A3: René-Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur
Glacier (Natural sciences)

A glacier (US /ˈɡleɪʃər/ or UK /ˈɡlæsiə/) is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight; it forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation (melting and sublimation) over many years, often centuries. Glaciers slowly deform and flow due to stresses induced by their weight, creating crevasses, seracs, and other distinguishing features. They also abrade rock and debris from their substrate to create landforms such as cirques and moraines. Glaciers form only on land and are distinct from the much thinner sea ice and lake ice that form on the surface of bodies of water.

Q1: How long does it take glaciers to form?
A1: many years, often centuries
Q2: Do glaciers form on land, in the sea, or a combination of both?
A2: only on land
Q3: Which types of ice form on a body of water's surface?
A3: sea ice and lake ice
Q4: What causes glaciers to deform and flow?
A4: stresses induced by their weight
Q5: What are some distinguishing glacial features?
A5: crevasses, seracs
Boston (Geography and places)

A global city, Boston is placed among the top 30 most economically powerful cities in the world. Encompassing $363 billion, the Greater Boston metropolitan area has the sixth-largest economy in the country and 12th-largest in the world.

Q1: What rank does Boston hold as far as being an economically powerful city in the world?
A1: among the top 30
Q2: What is the economy of Boston?
A2: $363 billion
Q3: What ranking in the country does Greater Boston metro hold as far as economy?
A3: sixth-largest
Q4: What ranking in the world does greater Boston metro hold as far as economy?
A4: 12th-largest
Geological_history_of_Earth (Natural sciences)

A global drop in sea level at the end of the Devonian reversed early in the Carboniferous; this created the widespread epicontinental seas and carbonate deposition of the Mississippian. There was also a drop in south polar temperatures; southern Gondwana was glaciated throughout the period, though it is uncertain if the ice sheets were a holdover from the Devonian or not. These conditions apparently had little effect in the deep tropics, where lush coal swamps flourished within 30 degrees of the northernmost glaciers. A mid-Carboniferous drop in sea-level precipitated a major marine extinction, one that hit crinoids and ammonites especially hard. This sea-level drop and the associated unconformity in North America separate the Mississippian Period from the Pennsylvanian period.

Q1: What occurred to the level of the sea when the Devonian period was finished?
A1: A global drop
Q2: During which period were epicontinental seas created?
A2: Carboniferous
Q3: What was on the land at 30 degrees latitude north in the carboniferous period?
A3: lush coal swamps
Q4: What was the result in the decline in sea level in the middle of the Carboniferous period?
A4: a major marine extinction
Q5: The Pennsylvania period is separated by the drop in Carboniferous era sea levels from what other period?
A5: Mississippian Period
Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) (Warfare)

A government report covered by the Guardian in 2002 indicates that between 1940 and 1979, the Ministry of Defence "turned large parts of the country into a giant laboratory to conduct a series of secret germ warfare tests on the public" and many of these tests "involved releasing potentially dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms over vast swaths of the population without the public being told." The Ministry of Defence claims that these trials were to simulate germ warfare and that the tests were harmless. Still, families who have been in the area of many of the tests are experiencing children with birth defects and physical and mental handicaps and many are asking for a public inquiry. According to the report these tests affected estimated millions of people including one period between 1961 and 1968 where "more than a million people along the south coast of England, from Torquay to the New Forest, were exposed to bacteria including e.coli and bacillus globigii, which mimics anthrax." Two scientists commissioned by the Ministry of Defence stated that these trials posed no risk to the public. This was confirmed by Sue Ellison, a representative of Porton Down who said that the results from these trials "will save lives, should the country or our forces face an attack by chemical and biological weapons." Asked whether such tests are still being carried out, she said: "It is not our policy to discuss ongoing research." It is unknown whether or not the harmlessness of the trials was known at the time of their occurrence.

Q1: What publication released a report about the Ministry of Defence in 2002?
A1: the Guardian
Q2: What was the MoD accused of doing to the public?
A2: secret germ warfare tests
Q3: What are the children of some families in the area of the testing experiencing?
A3: children with birth defects and physical and mental handicaps
Q4: When was the supposed germ warfare testing taking place?
A4: between 1940 and 1979
Q5: When were millions of people supposedly exposed to e. coli and an anthrax-like bacteria?
A5: between 1961 and 1968
Gramophone_record (Music)

A gramophone record (phonograph record in American English) or vinyl record, commonly known as a "record", is an analogue sound storage medium in the form of a flat polyvinyl chloride (previously shellac) disc with an inscribed, modulated spiral groove. The groove usually starts near the periphery and ends near the center of the disc. Phonograph records are generally described by their diameter in inches (12", 10", 7"), the rotational speed in rpm at which they are played (16 2⁄3, 33 1⁄3, 45, 78), and their time capacity resulting from a combination of those parameters (LP – long playing 33 1⁄3 rpm, SP – 78 rpm single, EP – 12-inch single or extended play, 33 or 45 rpm); their reproductive quality or level of fidelity (high-fidelity, orthophonic, full-range, etc.), and the number of audio channels provided (mono, stereo, quad, etc.).

Q1: What does LP stand for when it comes to time capacity?
A1: long playing
Q2: What are common diameters found in phonograph records?
A2: 12", 10", 7"
Q3: What is a gramophone or 'vinyl' record?
A3: analogue sound storage medium
Q4: Where does the groove on a vinyl record typically start?
A4: near the periphery
Q5: In what method is the rotational speed measured in?
A5: rpm
Great_power (History)

A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions. Sometimes the status of great powers is formally recognized in conferences such as the Congress of Vienna or an international structure such as the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States serve as the body's five permanent members). At the same time the status of great powers can be informally recognized in a forum such as the G7 which consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.

Q1: What do great powers usually have?
A1: military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence
Q2: What are the permanent members of UN Security Council?
A2: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States
Q3: What are the countries in the G7?
A3: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America
Q4: What 3 factors have international relations theorists considered factors for great power status?
A4: power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions
Group_(mathematics) (Mathematics)

A group is called finite if it has a finite number of elements. The number of elements is called the order of the group. An important class is the symmetric groups SN, the groups of permutations of N letters. For example, the symmetric group on 3 letters S3 is the group consisting of all possible orderings of the three letters ABC, i.e. contains the elements ABC, ACB, ..., up to CBA, in total 6 (or 3 factorial) elements. This class is fundamental insofar as any finite group can be expressed as a subgroup of a symmetric group SN for a suitable integer N (Cayley's theorem). Parallel to the group of symmetries of the square above, S3 can also be interpreted as the group of symmetries of an equilateral triangle.

Q1: What does a finite group include?
A1: a finite number of elements
Q2: What is the number of elements in a group named?
A2: the order of the group
Q3: What type of class has a finite group that can be expressed as a subgroup of a symmetric group?
A3: fundamental
Q4: What can be described as the group of symmetries of an equilateral triangle?
A4: S3
USB (Engineering and technology)

A group of seven companies began the development of USB in 1994: Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, and Nortel. The goal was to make it fundamentally easier to connect external devices to PCs by replacing the multitude of connectors at the back of PCs, addressing the usability issues of existing interfaces, and simplifying software configuration of all devices connected to USB, as well as permitting greater data rates for external devices. A team including Ajay Bhatt worked on the standard at Intel; the first integrated circuits supporting USB were produced by Intel in 1995.

Q1: When did the seven companies begin developing USB's?
A1: 1994
Q2: How many companies developed USB's?
A2: seven
Q3: What was the goal for USB's?
A3: to make it fundamentally easier to connect external devices to PCs
Q4: Who was included in a team that worked on the standard at Intel?
A4: Ajay Bhatt
Gymnastics (Sports and recreation)

A gymnast's score comes from deductions taken from their start value. The start value of a routine is based on the difficulty of the elements the gymnast attempts and whether or not the gymnast meets composition requirements. The composition requirements are different for each apparatus; this score is called the D score. Deductions in execution and artistry are taken from 10.0. This score is called the E score. The final score is calculated by taking deductions from the E score, and adding the result to the D score. Since 2007, the scoring system has changed by adding bonus plus the execution and then adding those two together to get the final score.

Q1: How are gymnasts scored?
A1: from deductions taken from their start value
Q2: How is the start vaule determined?
A2: e start value of a routine is based on the difficulty of the elements the gymnast attempts and whether or not the gymnast meets composition requirements
Q3: What is this score called?
A3: D score
Q4: Deductions in execution and artistry are taken from what score?
A4: 10.0
Q5: What were added to scoring in 2007?
A5: adding bonus plus the execution and then adding those two together to get the final score
Chihuahua_(state) (History)

A handful of families owned large estates (known as haciendas) and controlled the greater part of the land across the state while the vast majority of Chihuahuans were landless. The state economy was largely defined by ranching and mining. At the expense of the working class, the Díaz administration promoted economic growth by encouraging investment from foreign companies from the United Kingdom, France, Imperial Germany and the United States. The proletariat was often exploited, and found no legal protection or political recourse to redress injustices.

Q1: The state's economy was largely defined by these two industries.
A1: ranching and mining
Q2: Diaz promoted economic growth by encouraging investment from foreign companies at the expense of what group?
A2: working class
Q3: What was the name of the large estates owned by wealthy families?
A3: haciendas
Q4: This group was often exploited and had no legal protection or recourse.
A4: proletariat
Age_of_Enlightenment (Philosophy and religion)

A healthy, and legal, publishing industry existed throughout Europe, although established publishers and book sellers occasionally ran afoul of the law. The Encyclopédie, for example, condemned not only by the King but also by Clement XII, nevertheless found its way into print with the help of the aforementioned Malesherbes and creative use of French censorship law. But many works were sold without running into any legal trouble at all. Borrowing records from libraries in England, Germany and North America indicate that more than 70 percent of books borrowed were novels. Less than 1 percent of the books were of a religious nature, indicating the general trend of declining religiosity.

Q1: Who helped The Encyclopedie find its way into print using the French censorship law creatively?
A1: Malesherbes
Q2: The King and Clement XII condemned which literary work?
A2: The Encyclopédie
Q3: What percentage of books borrowed in England, Germany, and Norath America were novels?
A3: 70
Q4: What percentage of books borrowed were of a religious nature in England, Germany, and North America?
A4: 1
The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess (Video games)

A high-definition remaster of the game, The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD, is being developed by Tantalus Media for the Wii U. Officially announced during a Nintendo Direct presentation on November 12, 2015, it features enhanced graphics and Amiibo functionality. The game will be released in North America and Europe on March 4, 2016; in Australia on March 5, 2016; and in Japan on March 10, 2016.

Q1: Which company is responsible for the HD version of Twilight Princess?
A1: Tantalus Media
Q2: For which console is Twilight Princess HD being made?
A2: Wii U
Q3: When were plans for Twilight Princess HD revealed?
A3: November 12, 2015
Q4: On what date is Twilight Princess HD scheduled for Australian release?
A4: March 5, 2016
Q5: What is the name of the remastered game?
A5: The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD
Q6: What company is developing the remaster?
A6: Tantalus Media
Q7: What kind of functionality will the remaster feature?
A7: Amiibo
Q8: When will the game be released in America?
A8: March 4, 2016
Gymnastics (Sports and recreation)

A higher flight phase results in a higher vertical ground reaction force. Vertical ground reaction force represents external force which the gymnasts have to overcome with their muscle force and has an impact on the gymnasts linear and angular momentum. Another important variable that affects linear and angular momentum is time the landing takes Gymnasts can alter the shape of the area by increasing the time taken to perform the landing. Gymnasts can achieve this by increasing hip, knee and ankle amplitude. With the increase of height, the amplitude in ankles knees and hips rise the bars.

Q1: What does a higher flight phase result in?
A1: a higher vertical ground reaction force
Q2: What is vertical ground reaction force?
A2: s external force which the gymnasts have to overcome with their muscle force and has an impact on the gymnasts linear and angular momentum
Q3: What else is an important aspect that affects linear and agular movements?
A3: time the landing takes Gymnasts
Hunter-gatherer (Natural sciences)

A hunter-gatherer is a human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging (collecting wild plants and pursuing wild animals), in contrast to agricultural societies, which rely mainly on domesticated species.

Q1: What kind of human lives by collecting wild flora and fauna?
A1: hunter-gatherer
Q2: What type of society relies on domestication for producing food?
A2: agricultural
Q3: What type of plants and animals do agricultural groups harvest?
A3: domesticated species
Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation (Social sciences and society)

A key aspect of the Gates Foundation's U.S. efforts involves an overhaul of the country's education policies at both the K-12 and college levels, including support for teacher evaluations and charter schools and opposition to seniority-based layoffs and other aspects of the education system that are typically backed by teachers' unions. It spent $373 million on education in 2009. It has also donated to the two largest national teachers' unions. The foundation was the biggest early backer of the Common Core State Standards Initiative.

Q1: what is a key aspect of the gates foundation in the US
A1: A key aspect of the Gates Foundation's U.S. efforts involves an overhaul of the country's education policies at both the K-12 and college levels
Q2: What do these efforts include
A2: including support for teacher evaluations and charter schools and opposition to seniority-based layoffs
Q3: how much did it spend in 2009
A3: It spent $373 million on education in 2009.
Q4: It was an early backer of what 
A4: The foundation was the biggest early backer of the Common Core State Standards Initiative.
Computer (Engineering and technology)

A key component common to all CPUs is the program counter, a special memory cell (a register) that keeps track of which location in memory the next instruction is to be read from.

Q1: A special memory cell of a CPU is called what?
A1: a register
Q2: A register of a CPU keeps track of what?
A2: which location in memory the next instruction is to be read from
Q3: What is a component that all CPUs have?
A3: the program counter
Brain (Natural sciences)

A key component of the arousal system is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a tiny part of the hypothalamus located directly above the point at which the optic nerves from the two eyes cross. The SCN contains the body's central biological clock. Neurons there show activity levels that rise and fall with a period of about 24 hours, circadian rhythms: these activity fluctuations are driven by rhythmic changes in expression of a set of "clock genes". The SCN continues to keep time even if it is excised from the brain and placed in a dish of warm nutrient solution, but it ordinarily receives input from the optic nerves, through the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT), that allows daily light-dark cycles to calibrate the clock.

Q1: The SCN of the nervous system is an abbreviation for what?
A1: suprachiasmatic nucleus
Q2: The suprachiasmatic nucleus is a small part of what part of the brain?
A2: the hypothalamus
Q3: Which part of the arousal system controls the body's biological clock?
A3: the suprachiasmatic nucleus
Q4: The RHT is an abbreviation for what?
A4: retinohypothalamic tract
Q5: THE SCN receives information from the optic nerves through what?
A5: the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT
Political_corruption (Social sciences and society)

A kickback is an official's share of misappropriated funds allocated from his or her organization to an organization involved in corrupt bidding. For example, suppose that a politician is in charge of choosing how to spend some public funds. He can give a contract to a company that is not the best bidder, or allocate more than they deserve. In this case, the company benefits, and in exchange for betraying the public, the official receives a kickback payment, which is a portion of the sum the company received. This sum itself may be all or a portion of the difference between the actual (inflated) payment to the company and the (lower) market-based price that would have been paid had the bidding been competitive.

Q1: What is the public official's share called when involved in corrupt bidding?
A1: kickback
Q2: A contract can be given to someone who is not the best what?
A2: bidder
Wood (Natural sciences)

A knot is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood; it will affect the technical properties of the wood, usually reducing the local strength and increasing the tendency for splitting along the wood grain, but may be exploited for visual effect. In a longitudinally sawn plank, a knot will appear as a roughly circular "solid" (usually darker) piece of wood around which the grain of the rest of the wood "flows" (parts and rejoins). Within a knot, the direction of the wood (grain direction) is up to 90 degrees different from the grain direction of the regular wood.

Q1: What is the sort of circular imperfection in a piece of wood called?
A1: knot
Q2: What property of wood does a knot usually reduce in the wood around it?
A2: strength
Q3: In what direction is wood often sawn so that a knot appears as a solid circle that the grain flows around?
A3: longitudinally
Q4: Are knots usually lighter or darker than the surrounding wood?
A4: darker
Q5: The direction of grain in a knot can differ by as much as how many degrees from the regular wood?
A5: 90