LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Arsenal_F.C. (Sports and recreation)

Arsenal's longest-running and deepest rivalry is with their nearest major neighbours, Tottenham Hotspur; matches between the two are referred to as North London derbies. Other rivalries within London include those with Chelsea, Fulham and West Ham United. In addition, Arsenal and Manchester United developed a strong on-pitch rivalry in the late 1980s, which intensified in recent years when both clubs were competing for the Premier League title – so much so that a 2003 online poll by the Football Fans Census listed Manchester United as Arsenal's biggest rivals, followed by Tottenham and Chelsea. A 2008 poll listed the Tottenham rivalry as more important.

Q1: What football club is Arsenal's greatest rival?
A1: Tottenham Hotspur
Q2: Since the Arsenal and Tottenham Hotspurs are geographically so close , what is the contest between them called?
A2: North London derbies
Q3: What club has Arsenal have an increased rivalry since the 1980s?
A3: Manchester United
Q4: What competition sparked the rivalry with Manchester?
A4: Premier League title
Q5: What year's poll of supporters said that the Tottenham rivalry was greatest?
A5: 2008
Arsenal_F.C. (Sports and recreation)

Arsenal's parent company, Arsenal Holdings plc, operates as a non-quoted public limited company, whose ownership is considerably different from that of other football clubs. Only 62,217 shares in Arsenal have been issued, and they are not traded on a public exchange such as the FTSE or AIM; instead, they are traded relatively infrequently on the ICAP Securities and Derivatives Exchange, a specialist market. On 10 March 2016, a single share in Arsenal had a mid price of £15,670, which sets the club's market capitalisation value at approximately £975m. Most football clubs aren't listed on an exchange, which makes direct comparisons of their values difficult. Business magazine Forbes valued Arsenal as a whole at $1.3 billion in 2015. Consultants Brand Finance valued the club's brand and intangible assets at $703m in 2015, and consider Arsenal an AAA global brand. Research by the Henley Business School modelled the club's value at £1.118 billion in 2015, the second highest in the Premier League.

Q1: By what means does Arsenal operate as a company?
A1: non-quoted public limited
Q2: How many shares of Arsenal stock are there?
A2: 62,217
Q3: On March 10,2016 what was the value of a share of Arsenal stock?
A3: £15,670
Q4: What value did Forbes place on Arsenal in 2015?
A4: $1.3 billion
Q5: At what rank in value in the Premier League is Arsenal?
A5: second highest
Arsenal_F.C. (Sports and recreation)

Arsenal's tally of 13 League Championships is the third highest in English football, after Manchester United (20) and Liverpool (18), and they were the first club to reach 8 League Championships. They hold the highest number of FA Cup trophies, 12. The club is one of only six clubs to have won the FA Cup twice in succession, in 2002 and 2003, and 2014 and 2015. Arsenal have achieved three League and FA Cup "Doubles" (in 1971, 1998 and 2002), a feat only previously achieved by Manchester United (in 1994, 1996 and 1999). They were the first side in English football to complete the FA Cup and League Cup double, in 1993. Arsenal were also the first London club to reach the final of the UEFA Champions League, in 2006, losing the final 2–1 to Barcelona.

Q1: How many League Championships has Arsenal won?
A1: 13
Q2: Where does Arsenal's total League Championships place it as compared to other English teams?
A2: third highest
Q3: Of what type of trophies does Arsenal have the most?
A3: FA Cup trophies
Q4: In what competition was Arsenal the first to enter the finals?
A4: UEFA Champions League
Q5: What team beat Arsenal to win the 2006 UEFA Champions League?
A5: Barcelona
Armenians (Geography and places)

Art historian Hravard Hakobyan notes that "Artsakh carpets occupy a special place in the history of Armenian carpet-making." Common themes and patterns found on Armenian carpets were the depiction of dragons and eagles. They were diverse in style, rich in color and ornamental motifs, and were even separated in categories depending on what sort of animals were depicted on them, such as artsvagorgs (eagle-carpets), vishapagorgs (dragon-carpets) and otsagorgs (serpent-carpets). The rug mentioned in the Kaptavan inscriptions is composed of three arches, "covered with vegatative ornaments", and bears an artistic resemblance to the illuminated manuscripts produced in Artsakh.

Q1: What is Hakobyan's career?
A1: Art historian
Q2: What creatures are often depicted on Armenian carpets?
A2: dragons and eagles
Q3: What are artsvagorgs?
A3: eagle-carpets
Q4: What are vishapagorgs?
A4: dragon-carpets
Q5: What are otsagorgs?
A5: serpent-carpets
Idealism (Philosophy and religion)

Arthur Collier published similar assertions though there seems to have been no influence between the two contemporary writers. The only knowable reality is the represented image of an external object. Matter as a cause of that image, is unthinkable and therefore nothing to us. An external world as absolute matter unrelated to an observer does not exist as far as we are concerned. The universe cannot exist as it appears if there is no perceiving mind. Collier was influenced by An Essay Towards the Theory of the Ideal or Intelligible World by "Cambridge Platonist" John Norris (1701).

Q1: Who was known as the "Cambridge Platonist"?
A1: John Norris
Q2: Who was notably influenced by John Norris?
A2: Arthur Collier
Q3: When was An Essay Towards the Theory of the Ideal or Intelligible World written?
A3: 1701
Q4: What sort of reality did Collier believe was knowable?
A4: represented image of an external object
Friedrich_Hayek (Social sciences and society)

Arthur M. Diamond argues Hayek's problems arise when he goes beyond claims that can be evaluated within economic science. Diamond argued that: “The human mind, Hayek says, is not just limited in its ability to synthesize a vast array of concrete facts, it is also limited in its ability to give a deductively sound ground to ethics. Here is where the tension develops, for he also wants to give a reasoned moral defense of the free market. He is an intellectual skeptic who wants to give political philosophy a secure intellectual foundation. It is thus not too surprising that what results is confused and contradictory.”

Q1: Who criticizes Hayek's ability to provide specific facts?
A1: Arthur M. Diamond
Q2: Diamond believes Hayek's weaknesses come out when he steps beyond the bounds of what topic?
A2: economic science
Q3: What term does Diamond use to refer to Hayek?
A3: intellectual skeptic
Q4: Diamond states that the final result of Hayek's statements are what?
A4: confused and contradictory
Materialism (Philosophy and religion)

Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) wrote that "...materialism is the philosophy of the subject who forgets to take account of himself". He claimed that an observing subject can only know material objects through the mediation of the brain and its particular organization. That is, the brain itself is the "determiner" of how material objects will be experienced or perceived:

Q1: Arthur Schopenhauer lived from what year to what year?
A1: 1788-1860
Q2: What did he say that the brain would decide?
A2: how material objects will be experienced or perceived
Copyright_infringement (Language and literature)

Article 10 of the Berne Convention mandates that national laws provide for limitations to copyright, so that copyright protection does not extend to certain kinds of uses that fall under what the treaty calls "fair practice," including but not limited to minimal quotations used in journalism and education. The laws implementing these limitations and exceptions for uses that would otherwise be infringing broadly fall into the categories of either fair use or fair dealing. In common law systems, these fair practice statutes typically enshrine principles underlying many earlier judicial precedents, and are considered essential to freedom of speech.

Q1: What does Article 10 of the Berne Convention call certain uses that limit copyright?
A1: fair practice
Q2: Where are minimal quotations commonly used?
A2: journalism and education
Q3: What categories do works that would normally be considered infringing fall into?
A3: fair use or fair dealing
Q4: What do these statutes represent?
A4: principles underlying many earlier judicial precedents
Q5: What are these statutes essential to?
A5: freedom of speech
Royal_assent (History)

Articles 41 and 68 of the constitution empower the sovereign to withhold royal assent from bills adopted by the Legislative Assembly. In 2010, the kingdom moved towards greater democracy, with King George Tupou V saying that he would be guided by his prime minister in the exercising of his powers. Nonetheless, this does not preclude an independent royal decision to exercise a right of veto. In November 2011, the assembly adopted an Arms and Ammunitions (Amendment) Bill, which reduced the possible criminal sentences for the illicit possession of firearms. The bill was adopted by ten votes to eight. Two members of the assembly had recently been charged with the illicit possession of firearms. The Prime Minister, Lord Tuʻivakanō, voted in favour of the amendment. Members of the opposition denounced the bill and asked the King to veto it, which he did in December.

Q1: Which articles allow the soverign to refise consent even when the bills have been passed through the Legislative assembly?
A1: 41 and 68
Q2: What statement by King George Tupou emphasized democracy?
A2: he would be guided by his prime minister in the exercising of his powers
Q3: In which year was the Arms and Ammunitions (Amemndment) Bill adopted?
A3: 2011
Q4: In what month did the King veto the Arms and Ammunitions Amendment Bill?
A4: December
Treaty (Language and literature)

Articles 46–53 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties set out the only ways that treaties can be invalidated—considered unenforceable and void under international law. A treaty will be invalidated due to either the circumstances by which a state party joined the treaty, or due to the content of the treaty itself. Invalidation is separate from withdrawal, suspension, or termination (addressed above), which all involve an alteration in the consent of the parties of a previously valid treaty rather than the invalidation of that consent in the first place.

Q1: Which articles of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties set out the ways that treaties can be invalidated?
A1: Articles 46–53
Q2: In addition to the circumstances by which a state party joined a treaty, why might a treaty be invalidated?
A2: the content of the treaty itself
Q3: In addition to the content of the treaty itself, why might a treated by invalidated?
A3: the circumstances by which a state party joined the treaty
Q4: A treaty might be considered what if it's considered unenforceable and void under international law?
A4: invalidated
Q5: Which processes simply alter the consent given by parties to a previously valid treaty rather than invalidating the consent completely?
A5: withdrawal, suspension, or termination
Royal_assent (History)

Articles 77–79 of the Norwegian Constitution specifically grant the monarch of Norway the right to withhold royal assent from any bill passed by the Storting. Should the sovereign ever choose to exercise this privilege, Article 79 provides a means by which his veto may be over-ridden: "If a Bill has been passed unaltered by two sessions of the Storting, constituted after two separate successive elections and separated from each other by at least two intervening sessions of the Storting, without a divergent Bill having been passed by any Storting in the period between the first and last adoption, and it is then submitted to the King with a petition that His Majesty shall not refuse his assent to a Bill which, after the most mature deliberation, the Storting considers to be beneficial, it shall become law even if the Royal Assent is not accorded before the Storting goes into recess."

Q1: Which articles in the Norwegian Constitution allow the monarch to reject a bill that has been passed through the Sorting?
A1: Articles 77–79
Q2: Which article in the Norweigan Constitution provides a way to override a monarch's veto?
A2: Article 79
Q3: How many elections are required to assend a bill that the monarch has vetoed?
A3: two
Time (Philosophy and religion)

Artifacts from the Paleolithic suggest that the moon was used to reckon time as early as 6,000 years ago. Lunar calendars were among the first to appear, either 12 or 13 lunar months (either 354 or 384 days). Without intercalation to add days or months to some years, seasons quickly drift in a calendar based solely on twelve lunar months. Lunisolar calendars have a thirteenth month added to some years to make up for the difference between a full year (now known to be about 365.24 days) and a year of just twelve lunar months. The numbers twelve and thirteen came to feature prominently in many cultures, at least partly due to this relationship of months to years. Other early forms of calendars originated in Mesoamerica, particularly in ancient Mayan civilization. These calendars were religiously and astronomically based, with 18 months in a year and 20 days in a month.

Q1: Artifacts from which era suggest that the moon was used to reckon time around 6,000 years ago?
A1: the Paleolithic
Q2: Which calendars were among the first to appear?
A2: Lunar calendars
Q3: How long were the original lunar calendars?
A3: either 12 or 13 lunar months (either 354 or 384 days)
Q4: Where did some of the other early forms of calendars originate?
A4: Mesoamerica
Q5: How many months were in a year in the original Mayan calendars?
A5: 18
Adult_contemporary_music (Music)

Artists contributing to this format include mainly soft rock/pop singers such as, Andy Williams, Johnny Mathis, Nana Mouskouri, Celine Dion, Julio Iglesias, Frank Sinatra, Barry Manilow, Engelbert Humperdinck, and Marc Anthony.

Q1: Along with Andy Williams, Johnny Mathis, Nana Mouskouri, Celine Dion, Julio Iglesias, Barry Manilow, Engelbert Humperdinck, and Marc Anthony, what notable artist is featured on the soft AC format?
A1: Frank Sinatra
Post-punk (Music)

Artists such as Gary Numan, the Human League, Soft Cell, John Foxx and Visage helped pioneer a new synthpop style that drew more heavily from electronic and synthesizer music and benefited from the rise of MTV. Post-punk artists such as Scritti Politti's Green Gartside and Josef K's Paul Haig, previously engaged in avant-garde practices, turned away from these approaches and pursued mainstream styles and commercial success. These new developments, in which post-punk artists attempted to bring subversive ideas into the pop mainstream, began to be categorized under the marketing term new pop.

Q1: What style of music was Gary Numan associated with?
A1: synthpop
Q2: What did the synthpop style of music benefit from the gaining popularity of?
A2: MTV
Q3: Synthpop heavily borrowed elements from what type of music?
A3: electronic and synthesizer music
Q4: What type of ideas did post-punk artists attempt to sneak into mainstream pop?
A4: subversive
Q5: What did some post-punk artists reject their previous avant-garde practices to pursue?
A5: commercial success
Q6: What new music style focused on electronic and synthesized sounds?
A6: synthpop
Q7: What really helped to launch synthpop?
A7: MTV
Q8: What else began to emerge as post-punk groups moved to a more commercial focus?
A8: pop
Q9: How did pos-punk give rise to pop?
A9: post-punk artists attempted to bring subversive ideas into the pop mainstream
Washington_University_in_St._Louis (Geography and places)

Arts & Sciences at Washington University comprises three divisions: the College of Arts & Sciences, the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences, and University College in Arts & Sciences. Barbara Schaal is Dean of the Faculty of Arts & Sciences. James E. McLeod was the Vice Chancellor for Students and Dean of the College of Arts & Sciences; according to a University news release he died at the University's Barnes-Jewish Hospital on Tuesday, September 6, 2011 of renal failure as a result of a two-year-long struggle with cancer. Richard J. Smith is Dean of the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences.

Q1: How many divisions make up Arts & Sciences at Washington University?
A1: three divisions
Q2: Who is the Dean of Faculty of Arts & Sciences at Washington University?
A2: Barbara Schaal
Q3: What positions did James Mcleod hold at Washington University?
A3: Vice Chancellor for Students and Dean of the College of Arts & Sciences
Q4: When did James Mcleod pass away?
A4: September 6, 2011
Q5: What position does Richard J. Smith hold at Washington University?
A5: Dean of the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences.
New_Haven,_Connecticut (Geography and places)

Artspace on Orange Street is one of several contemporary art galleries around the city, showcasing the work of local, national, and international artists. Others include City Gallery and A. Leaf Gallery in the downtown area. Westville galleries include Kehler Liddell, Jennifer Jane Gallery, and The Hungry Eye. The Erector Square complex in the Fair Haven neighborhood houses the Parachute Factory gallery along with numerous artist studios, and the complex serves as an active destination during City-Wide Open Studios held yearly in October.

Q1: What is the name of a prominent contemporary art gallery on Orange Street in New Haven?
A1: Artspace
Q2: What are two contemporary art galleries located in downtown New Haven?
A2: City Gallery and A. Leaf Gallery
Q3: In what area of New Haven are Kehler Liddel, Jennider Jane Gallery, and The Hungry Eye Gallery located? 
A3: Westville
Q4: What New Haven gallery is housed in the Erector Square complex located in the Fair Haven neighborhood? 
A4: Parachute Factory
Q5: For what annual New Haven art event, held in early October, is the Erector Square complex used? 
A5: City-Wide Open Studios
Q6: What is the name of the art gallery that hosts multiple artist locally and around the world?
A6: Artspace
Q7: This gallery contains works of artist such as The Hungry Eye, what is name of the place?
A7: Westville galleries
Q8: The Erector Square complex is a gallery that is located where?
A8: Fair Haven neighborhood houses
Q9: During which month is the complex particularly active? 
A9: October
Aircraft_carrier (Warfare)

As "runways at sea", aircraft carriers have a flat-top flight deck, which launches and recovers aircraft. Aircraft launch forward, into the wind, and are recovered from astern. The flight deck is where the most notable differences between a carrier and a land runway are found. Creating such a surface at sea poses constraints on the carrier – for example, the fact that it is a ship means that a full-length runway would be costly to construct and maintain. This affects take-off procedure, as a shorter runway length of the deck requires that aircraft accelerate more quickly to gain lift. This either requires a thrust boost, a vertical component to its velocity, or a reduced take-off load (to lower mass). The differing types of deck configuration, as above, influence the structure of the flight deck. The form of launch assistance a carrier provides is strongly related to the types of aircraft embarked and the design of the carrier itself.

Q1: What are typically regarded as "runways at sea"?
A1: aircraft carriers
Q2: What design feature do aircraft carriers feature to aid in launching and recovering aircraft?
A2: flat-top flight deck
Q3: Where are the most notable differences between a carrier and a land runway found?
A3: The flight deck
Q4: What is a primary reason that ships have shorter runways than land runways have?
A4: a full-length runway would be costly to construct and maintain
Q5: What do aircraft need to do when using shorter runway lengths?
A5: accelerate more quickly to gain lift
Black_people (Language and literature)

As African states became independent in the 1960s, the Soviet Union offered many of their citizens the chance to study in Russia. Over a period of 40 years, about 400,000 African students from various countries moved to Russia to pursue higher studies, including many Black Africans. This extended beyond the Soviet Union to many countries of the Eastern bloc.

Q1: When did African states become independent?
A1: 1960s
Q2: Who offered many Africans a chance to study in their country?
A2: Soviet Union
Q3: How many students moved from Africa to Russia?
A3: about 400,000
Q4: Why did students move to Russia?
A4: to pursue higher studies
Q5: Migration to Russia continued into many countries where?
A5: Eastern bloc.
Ashkenazi_Jews (History)

As Ashkenazi Jews moved away from Europe, mostly in the form of aliyah to Israel, or immigration to North America, and other English-speaking areas; and Europe (particularly France) and Latin America, the geographic isolation that gave rise to Ashkenazim has given way to mixing with other cultures, and with non-Ashkenazi Jews who, similarly, are no longer isolated in distinct geographic locales. Hebrew has replaced Yiddish as the primary Jewish language for many Ashkenazi Jews, although many Hasidic and Hareidi groups continue to use Yiddish in daily life. (There are numerous Ashkenazi Jewish anglophones and Russian-speakers as well, although English and Russian are not originally Jewish languages.)

Q1: Most of the Ashkenazi Jews moved away from Europe either immigrating to North America, or other English speaking areas but most to which place?
A1: Israel
Q2: For most Ashkenazi Jews, Yiddish was replaced with what language?
A2: Hebrew
Q3: What two groups continue to use Yiddish in daily life?
A3: many Hasidic and Hareidi groups
Charleston,_South_Carolina (Geography and places)

As Charles Town grew, so did the community's cultural and social opportunities, especially for the elite merchants and planters. The first theatre building in America was built in 1736 on the site of today's Dock Street Theatre. Benevolent societies were formed by different ethnic groups, from French Huguenots to free people of color to Germans to Jews. The Charles Towne Library Society was established in 1748 by well-born young men who wanted to share the financial cost to keep up with the scientific and philosophical issues of the day. This group also helped establish the College of Charles Towne in 1770, the oldest college in South Carolina. Until its transition to state ownership in 1970, this was the oldest municipally supported college in the United States.

Q1: What is the oldest college in South Carolina?
A1: College of Charles Towne
Q2: Charleston supported the College of Charles Towne until what year?
A2: 1970
Q3: What year was the Charles Towne Library Society established?
A3: 1748
Q4: When was the College of Charles Towe founded?
A4: 1770
Q5: What is located where the first theatre building in Charles Town once stood?
A5: Dock Street Theatre
George_VI (History)

As Edward was unmarried and had no children, Albert was the heir presumptive to the throne. Less than a year later, on 11 December 1936, Edward VIII abdicated in order to marry his mistress, Wallis Simpson, who was divorced from her first husband and divorcing her second. Edward had been advised by British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin that he could not remain king and marry a divorced woman with two living ex-husbands. Edward chose abdication in preference to abandoning his marriage plans. Thus Albert became king, a position he was reluctant to accept. The day before the abdication, he went to London to see his mother, Queen Mary. He wrote in his diary, "When I told her what had happened, I broke down and sobbed like a child."

Q1: Why was Albert the heir presumptive to the throne?
A1: Edward was unmarried and had no children
Q2: What was wrong with Edward marrying Wallis Simpson?
A2: divorced woman with two living ex-husbands
Q3: What did Edward do to marry Wallis Simpson?
A3: abdication
Q4: Who is Edward's mother?
A4: Queen Mary
Q5: How did Edward react when he became heir to the throne?
A5: broke down and sobbed like a child