LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Chihuahua_(state) (History)

The Díaz administration made political decisions and took legal measures that allowed the elite throughout Mexico to concentrate the nation's wealth by favoring monopolies. During this time, two-fifths of the state's territory was divided among 17 rich families which owned practically all of the arable land in Chihuahua. The state economy grew at a rapid pace during the Porfiriato; the economy in Chihuahua was dominated by agriculture and mining. The Díaz administration helped Governor Luis Terrazas by funding the Municipal Public Library in Chihuahua City and passing a federal initiative for the construction of the railroad from Chihuahua City to Ciudad Júarez. By 1881, the Central Mexican Railroad was completed which connected Mexico City to Ciudad Juárez. In 1883 telephone lines were installed throughout the state, allowing communication between Chihuahua City and Aldama. By 1888 the telephone services were extended from the capital to the cites of Julimes, Meoqui, and Hidalgo del Parral; the telecommunication network in the state covered an estimated 3,500 kilometers. The need of laborers to construct the extensive infrastructure projects resulted in a significant Asian immigration, mostly from China. Asian immigrants soon become integral to the state economy by opening restaurants, small grocery stores, and hotels. By the end of the Terrazas term, the state experienced an increase in commerce, mining, and banking. When the banks were nationalized, Chihuahua became the most important banking state in Mexico.

Q1: The Diaz administration allowed the elite to concentrate wealth by favoring what?
A1: monopolies
Q2: Two-fifths of the state's territory was divided between how many families?
A2: 17
Q3: This state grew at a rapid pace during the Porfiriato.
A3: Chihuahua
Q4: What were installed throughout the state in 1883?
A4: telephone lines
Q5: Asian immigrants became integral to the state economy by opening what businesses?
A5: restaurants, small grocery stores, and hotels.
European_Central_Bank (Geography and places)

The ECB's first supplementary longer-term refinancing operation (LTRO) with a six-month maturity was announced March 2008. Previously the longest tender offered was three months. It announced two 3-month and one 6-month full allotment of Long Term Refinancing Operations (LTROs). The first tender was settled 3 April, and was more than four times oversubscribed. The €25 billion auction drew bids amounting to €103.1 billion, from 177 banks. Another six-month tender was allotted on 9 July, again to the amount of €25 billion. The first 12-month LTRO in June 2009 had close to 1100 bidders.

Q1: What is an LTRO?
A1: longer-term refinancing operation
Q2: How long was the time to maturity on an LTRO?
A2: six-month
Q3: When were the first supplemental LTRO's offered?
A3: March 2008
Q4: How long had the time to maturity been previously?
A4: three months
Q5: How many bids were recorded at the auction for the first 12 month LRTO?
A5: close to 1100 bidders
Nutrition (Agriculture, food, and drink)

The EFSA panel also determined intakes for different populations. Recommended intake volumes in the elderly are the same as for adults as despite lower energy consumption, the water requirement of this group is increased due to a reduction in renal concentrating capacity. Pregnant and breastfeeding women require additional fluids to stay hydrated. The EFSA panel proposes that pregnant women should consume the same volume of water as non-pregnant women, plus an increase in proportion to the higher energy requirement, equal to 300 mL/day. To compensate for additional fluid output, breastfeeding women require an additional 700 mL/day above the recommended intake values for non-lactating women.

Q1: Who was similar recommended intake volumes as adults?
A1: the elderly
Q2: Other then breastfeeding women, who what other category of woman should have increased water intake?
A2: Pregnant
Q3: How much more water should pregnant women consumed compared to an average non - pregnant woman?
A3: 300 mL/day
Q4: Why should lactating women increase their water consumption?
A4: To compensate for additional fluid output
Q5: How much more water do lactating women need to consume in relation to the average woman?
A5: 700 mL/day
Endangered_Species_Act (Natural sciences)

The ESA requires that critical habitat be designated at the time of or within one year of a species being placed on the endangered list. In practice, most designations occur several years after listing. Between 1978 and 1986 the FWS regularly designated critical habitat. In 1986 the Reagan Administration issued a regulation limiting the protective status of critical habitat. As a result, few critical habitats were designated between 1986 and the late 1990s. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, a series of court orders invalidated the Reagan regulations and forced the FWS and NMFS to designate several hundred critical habitats, especially in Hawaii, California and other western states. Midwest and Eastern states received less critical habitat, primarily on rivers and coastlines. As of December, 2006, the Reagan regulation has not yet been replaced though its use has been suspended. Nonetheless, the agencies have generally changed course and since about 2005 have tried to designate critical habitat at or near the time of listing.

Q1: What is the time limit for designating a species critical habitat after the species has been added to the endangered list?
A1: within one year
Q2: Which presidential adminstration limited the protective status of critical habitat in 1986?
A2: the Reagan Administration
Q3: After the limitations placed on critical habitat were lifted by the courts, where were critical habitats established primarily?
A3: Hawaii, California and other western states
Q4: Where have the majority of critical habitats in the Midwest and Eastern states been located geographically?
A4: primarily on rivers and coastlines
Pub (History)

The Eagle and Child and the Lamb and Flag, Oxford, were regular meeting places of the Inklings, a writers' group which included J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis. The Eagle in Cambridge is where Francis Crick interrupted patrons' lunchtime on 28 February 1953 to announce that he and James Watson had "discovered the secret of life" after they had come up with their proposal for the structure of DNA. The anecdote is related in Watson's book The Double Helix. and commemorated with a blue plaque on the outside wall.

Q1: Along with the Eagle and Child, at what pub did the Inklings regularly meet?
A1: the Lamb and Flag
Q2: Where is the Eagle and Child located?
A2: Oxford
Q3: Along with J. R. R. Tolkien, who was a noted member of the Inklings?
A3: C. S. Lewis
Q4: Where is the Eagle pub located?
A4: Cambridge
Q5: On what date did Francis Crick announce to an audience of pub-goers that he had discovered DNA?
A5: 28 February 1953
Mesozoic (History)

The Early Cretaceous spans from 145 million to 100 million years ago. The Early Cretaceous saw the expansion of seaways, and as a result, the decline and extinction of sauropods (except in South America). Many coastal shallows were created, and that caused Ichthyosaurs to die out. Mosasaurs evolved to replace them as head of the seas. Some island-hopping dinosaurs, like Eustreptospondylus, evolved to cope with the coastal shallows and small islands of ancient Europe. Other dinosaurs rose up to fill the empty space that the Jurassic-Cretaceous extinction left behind, such as Carcharodontosaurus and Spinosaurus. Of the most successful would be the Iguanodon which spread to every continent. Seasons came back into effect and the poles got seasonally colder, but dinosaurs still inhabited this area like the Leaellynasaura which inhabited the polar forests year-round, and many dinosaurs migrated there during summer like Muttaburrasaurus. Since it was too cold for crocodiles, it was the last stronghold for large amphibians, like Koolasuchus. Pterosaurs got larger as species like Tapejara and Ornithocheirus evolved.

Q1: What is the span of the Early Cretaceous?
A1: 145 million to 100 million years
Q2: What event of the Early Cretaceous caused the extinction of several species?
A2: expansion of seaways
Q3: What species died out due to the expansion of coastal shallows?
A3: Ichthyosaurs
Q4: What species dominated the seas?
A4: Mosasaurs
Q5: What dinosaur spread to every continent?
A5: Iguanodon
Mesozoic (History)

The Early Jurassic spans from 200 million years to 175 million years ago. The climate was much more humid than the Triassic, and as a result, the world was very tropical. In the oceans, Plesiosaurs, Ichthyosaurs and Ammonites fill waters as the dominant races of the seas. On land, dinosaurs and other reptiles stake their claim as the dominant race of the land, with species such as Dilophosaurus at the top. The first true crocodiles evolved, pushing out the large amphibians to near extinction. All-in-all, reptiles rise to rule the world. Meanwhile, the first true mammals evolve, but remained relatively small sized.

Q1: What is the span of years for the Early Jurassic?
A1: 200 million years to 175 million
Q2: What feature of the climate produced a more tropical world?
A2: more humid
Q3: Besides Ichthyosaurs and Ammonites, what was the other dominate species in the seas?
A3: Plesiosaurs
Q4: What was the highest order of species n land?
A4: Dilophosaurus
Q5: What other order evolved during the Jurassic?
A5: true mammals
Middle_Ages (History)

The Early Middle Ages witnessed the rise of monasticism in the West. The shape of European monasticism was determined by traditions and ideas that originated with the Desert Fathers of Egypt and Syria. Most European monasteries were of the type that focuses on community experience of the spiritual life, called cenobitism, which was pioneered by Pachomius (d. 348) in the 4th century. Monastic ideals spread from Egypt to Western Europe in the 5th and 6th centuries through hagiographical literature such as the Life of Anthony. Benedict of Nursia (d. 547) wrote the Benedictine Rule for Western monasticism during the 6th century, detailing the administrative and spiritual responsibilities of a community of monks led by an abbot. Monks and monasteries had a deep effect on the religious and political life of the Early Middle Ages, in various cases acting as land trusts for powerful families, centres of propaganda and royal support in newly conquered regions, and bases for missions and proselytisation. They were the main and sometimes only outposts of education and literacy in a region. Many of the surviving manuscripts of the Latin classics were copied in monasteries in the Early Middle Ages. Monks were also the authors of new works, including history, theology, and other subjects, written by authors such as Bede (d. 735), a native of northern England who wrote in the late 7th and early 8th centuries.

Q1: What religious lifestyle arose in the Early Middle Ages?
A1: monasticism
Q2: Who was the pioneer of cenobitism?
A2: Pachomius
Q3: Who composed the Benedictine Rule?
A3: Benedict of Nursia
Q4: From what part of England did Bede come?
A4: northern
Q5: What was the title of the leader of a monastery?
A5: abbot
Mesozoic (History)

The Early Triassic was between 250 million to 247 million years ago and was dominated by deserts as Pangaea had not yet broken up, thus the interior was nothing but arid. The Earth had just witnessed a massive die-off in which 95% of all life went extinct. The most common life on earth were Lystrosaurus, Labyrinthodont, and Euparkeria along with many other creatures that managed to survive the Great Dying. Temnospondyli evolved during this time and would be the dominant predator for much of the Triassic.

Q1: What era was 250 million to 247 million years ago?
A1: Early Triassic
Q2: What geologic climate was found in the Early Triassic?
A2: deserts
Q3: What landmass was still unbroken in the Early Triassic?
A3: Pangaea
Q4: What percentage of extinction of species had recently happened??
A4: 95%
Q5: What species had evolved after  the extinction and would become the basic predator in the Triassic?
A5: Temnospondyli
Wood (Natural sciences)

The Earth contains about 434 billion cubic meters of growing stock forest, 47% of which is commercial. As an abundant, carbon-neutral renewable resource, woody materials have been of intense interest as a source of renewable energy. In 1991, approximately 3.5 cubic kilometers of wood were harvested. Dominant uses were for furniture and building construction.

Q1: How many cubic meters of growing stock forest are there on the planet?
A1: 434 billion
Q2: What percentage of the Earth's stock forest is commercial?
A2: 47%
Q3: In addition to buildings, what is wood often used to make?
A3: furniture
Q4: About how many cubic kilometers of the vast stock forest's wood were harvested in 1991?
A4: 3.5
Q5: In addition to being carbon neutral, what other adjective describes wood that makes it compelling as a renewable energy source?
A5: abundant
Geological_history_of_Earth (Natural sciences)

The Earth of the early Archean (4,000 to 2,500 million years ago) may have had a different tectonic style. During this time, the Earth's crust cooled enough that rocks and continental plates began to form. Some scientists think because the Earth was hotter, that plate tectonic activity was more vigorous than it is today, resulting in a much greater rate of recycling of crustal material. This may have prevented cratonisation and continent formation until the mantle cooled and convection slowed down. Others argue that the subcontinental lithospheric mantle is too buoyant to subduct and that the lack of Archean rocks is a function of erosion and subsequent tectonic events.

Q1: During what time period was the Archean era?
A1: 4,000 to 2,500 million years ago
Q2: During what period did the earths crust cooling allow the creation of plates?
A2: Archean
Q3: It is believed that a very warm earth would lead to more recycling of what?
A3: crustal material
Q4: What might have a very hot earth stopped from occurring?
A4: cratonisation and continent formation
Q5: What do some believe accounts for the small amount of Archean rocks?
A5: erosion and subsequent tectonic events
Solar_energy (Natural sciences)

The Earth receives 174,000 terawatts (TW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared ranges with a small part in the near-ultraviolet. Most people around the world live in areas with insolation levels of 150 to 300 watts per square meter or 3.5 to 7.0 kWh/m2 per day.

Q1: How many terawatts of solar radiation does the Earth receive?
A1: 174,000
Q2: What percentage of solar radiation is reflected back by the atmosphere?
A2: 30%
Q3: The areas that people live in typically receive what range of kWh/m2 per day?
A3: 3.5 to 7.0
Q4: How many terrawatts of radiation does the earth receive?
A4: 174,000
Q5: How much of the solar radiation is reflected back into space?
A5: Approximately 30%
Q6: What are the insolation levels of most populated areas?
A6: 150 to 300 watts per square meter or 3.5 to 7.0 kWh/m2 per day
Q7: Where is the solar radiation not reflected back to space absorbed?
A7: clouds, oceans and land masses
East_India_Company (History)

The East India Company's arms, granted in 1698, were: "Argent a cross Gules; in the dexter chief quarter an escutcheon of the arms of France and England quarterly, the shield ornamentally and regally crowned Or." The crest was: "A lion rampant guardant Or holding between the forepaws a regal crown proper." The supporters were: "Two lions rampant guardant Or, each supporting a banner erect Argent, charged with a cross Gules." The motto was AUSPICIO REGIS ET SENATUS ANGLIÆ (Latin: By right of the King and the Senate of England).

Q1: The EIC Arms feature what king of the jungle animal on it?
A1: lion
Q2: in the arms of EIC what was the lion holding in his forepaws
A2: crown
Q3: how many lions were on the EIC arms
A3: Two
Q4: what year did the EIC arms include both france and england?
A4: 1698
Han_dynasty (History)

The Eastern Han, also known as the Later Han, formally began on 5 August 25, when Liu Xiu became Emperor Guangwu of Han. During the widespread rebellion against Wang Mang, the state of Goguryeo was free to raid Han's Korean commanderies; Han did not reaffirm its control over the region until AD 30. The Trưng Sisters of Vietnam rebelled against Han in AD 40. Their rebellion was crushed by Han general Ma Yuan (d. AD 49) in a campaign from AD 42–43. Wang Mang renewed hostilities against the Xiongnu, who were estranged from Han until their leader Bi (比), a rival claimant to the throne against his cousin Punu (蒲奴), submitted to Han as a tributary vassal in AD 50. This created two rival Xiongnu states: the Southern Xiongnu led by Bi, an ally of Han, and the Northern Xiongnu led by Punu, an enemy of Han.

Q1: On what date did the Eastern Han dynasty begin?
A1: 5 August 25
Q2: Which state raided Han's Korean commanderies?
A2: Goguryeo
Q3: Who started a rebellion against Han in the year AD 40?
A3: The Trưng Sisters of Vietnam
Q4: In what year did Ma Yuan die?
A4: AD 49
Q5: Who was the leader of the Xiongnu?
A5: Bi
Greeks (History)

The Eastern Roman Empire – today conventionally named the Byzantine Empire, a name not in use during its own time – became increasingly influenced by Greek culture after the 7th century, when Emperor Heraclius (AD 575 - 641) decided to make Greek the empire's official language. Certainly from then on, but likely earlier, the Roman and Greek cultures were virtually fused into a single Greco-Roman world. Although the Latin West recognized the Eastern Empire's claim to the Roman legacy for several centuries, after Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne, king of the Franks, as the "Roman Emperor" on 25 December 800, an act which eventually led to the formation of the Holy Roman Empire, the Latin West started to favour the Franks and began to refer to the Eastern Roman Empire largely as the Empire of the Greeks (Imperium Graecorum).

Q1: When did the Byzantine Kingdom come under the impact of the Greeks. 
A1: influenced by Greek culture after the 7th century,
Q2: Who ruled Rome during this time period ?
A2: Emperor Heraclius (AD 575 - 641)
Q3: What decision did he make that influenced the culture in an attempt to make things more homogeneous ?
A3: decided to make Greek the empire's official language.
Q4: What made the Eastern Empire be known as the Imperium Graecorum ?
A4: Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne, king of the Franks, as the "Roman Emperor"
Q5: Who was favored by those who lived in the west and mainly used another form of well know verbal language ?
A5: the Latin West started to favour the Franks
Animal (Natural sciences)

The Ecdysozoa are protostomes, named after the common trait of growth by moulting or ecdysis. The largest animal phylum belongs here, the Arthropoda, including insects, spiders, crabs, and their kin. All these organisms have a body divided into repeating segments, typically with paired appendages. Two smaller phyla, the Onychophora and Tardigrada, are close relatives of the arthropods and share these traits. The ecdysozoans also include the Nematoda or roundworms, perhaps the second largest animal phylum. Roundworms are typically microscopic, and occur in nearly every environment where there is water. A number are important parasites. Smaller phyla related to them are the Nematomorpha or horsehair worms, and the Kinorhyncha, Priapulida, and Loricifera. These groups have a reduced coelom, called a pseudocoelom.

Q1: What groups is named after the trait of growth by moulting or ecdysis?
A1: Ecdysozoa
Q2: What are some animals in the Arthropoda group?
A2: insects, spiders, crabs
Q3: Organisms in the Arthropoda group have bodies that are divided into what?
A3: repeating segments
Q4: What groups are relatives of the arthropods?
A4: Onychophora and Tardigrada
Q5: What is another name for roundworms?
A5: Nematoda
Saint_Helena (Geography and places)

The Education and Employment Directorate also offers programmes for students with special needs, vocational training, adult education, evening classes, and distance learning. The island has a public library (the oldest in the Southern Hemisphere) and a mobile library service which operates weekly rural areas.

Q1: When does the mobile library service operate?
A1: weekly
Q2: Who provides programs to students with special needs?
A2: The Education and Employment Directorate
Modern_history (Philosophy and religion)

The Edwardian era in the United Kingdom is the period spanning the reign of King Edward VII up to the end of the First World War, including the years surrounding the sinking of the RMS Titanic. In the early years of the period, the Second Boer War in South Africa split the country into anti- and pro-war factions. The imperial policies of the Conservatives eventually proved unpopular and in the general election of 1906 the Liberals won a huge landslide. The Liberal government was unable to proceed with all of its radical programme without the support of the House of Lords, which was largely Conservative. Conflict between the two Houses of Parliament over the People's Budget led to a reduction in the power of the peers in 1910. The general election in January that year returned a hung parliament with the balance of power held by Labour and Irish Nationalist members.

Q1: What is the Edwardian era?
A1: the period spanning the reign of King Edward VII up to the end of the First World War,
Q2: What event split the United Kingdom into two groups?
A2: Second Boer War
Q3: In what year did the Liberals win huge in the general election?
A3: 1906
Q4: What led to a reduction in the power of the peers?
A4: Conflict between the two Houses of Parliament over the People's Budget
Q5: Who held the balance of power in the 1910 election?
A5: Labour and Irish Nationalist members.
Oklahoma (Geography and places)

The Egyptian art collection at the Mabee-Gerrer Museum of Art in Shawnee is considered to be the finest Egyptian collection between Chicago and Los Angeles. The Oklahoma City Museum of Art contains the most comprehensive collection of glass sculptures by artist Dale Chihuly in the world, and Oklahoma City's National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum documents the heritage of the American Western frontier. With remnants of the Holocaust and artifacts relevant to Judaism, the Sherwin Miller Museum of Jewish Art of Tulsa preserves the largest collection of Jewish art in the Southwest United States.

Q1: Where does Oklahoma have a fine Egyptian art collection?
A1: Mabee-Gerrer Museum of Art in Shawnee
Q2: Where is the largest collection of Dale Chinuly's work?
A2: Oklahoma City Museum of Art
Q3: What kind of art did Dale Chinuly make?
A3: glass sculptures
Q4: Where is the National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum?
A4: Oklahoma City
Q5: Where is the largest Jewish art collection in the southwest?
A5: Sherwin Miller Museum of Jewish Art of Tulsa
Egypt (Geography and places)

The Egyptian military has dozens of factories manufacturing weapons as well as consumer goods. The Armed Forces' inventory includes equipment from different countries around the world. Equipment from the former Soviet Union is being progressively replaced by more modern US, French, and British equipment, a significant portion of which is built under license in Egypt, such as the M1 Abrams tank.[citation needed] Relations with Russia have improved significantly following Mohamed Morsi's removal and both countries have worked since then to strengthen military and trade ties among other aspects of bilateral co-operation. Relations with China have also improved considerably. In 2014, Egypt and China have established a bilateral "comprehensive strategic partnership".

Q1: Equipment from what country is being replaced?
A1: Soviet Union
Q2: How many factories does Egyptian military have?
A2: dozens
Q3: After Morsi removal, what country has Egypt improved relations with?
A3: Russia
Q4: In 2014 what country did Egypt form partnership with?
A4: China