LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Portugal (Geography and places)

Portuguese universities have existed since 1290. The oldest Portuguese university was first established in Lisbon before moving to Coimbra. Historically, within the scope of the Portuguese Empire, the Portuguese founded the oldest engineering school of the Americas (the Real Academia de Artilharia, Fortificação e Desenho of Rio de Janeiro) in 1792, as well as the oldest medical college in Asia (the Escola Médico-Cirúrgica of Goa) in 1842. The largest university in Portugal is the University of Lisbon.

Q1: Since when have Portuguese universities existed?
A1: 1290
Q2: Where was the oldest Portuguese university established?
A2: Lisbon
Q3: Where did the oldest Portuguese university relocate to?
A3: Coimbra
Q4: What is the oldest engineering school of the Americas?
A4: the Real Academia de Artilharia, Fortificação e Desenho of Rio de Janeiro
Q5: What is the oldest medical college in Asia?
A5: the Escola Médico-Cirúrgica of Goa
Portugal (Geography and places)

Portuguese wines have enjoyed international recognition since the times of the Romans, who associated Portugal with their god Bacchus. Today, the country is known by wine lovers and its wines have won several international prizes. Some of the best Portuguese wines are: Vinho Verde, Vinho Alvarinho, Vinho do Douro, Vinho do Alentejo, Vinho do Dão, Vinho da Bairrada and the sweet: Port Wine, Madeira Wine, the Moscatel from Setúbal and Favaios. Port and Madeira are particularly appreciated in a wide range of places around the world.

Q1: Since when have Portuguese wines garnished international recognition?
A1: since the times of the Romans
Q2: With which Roman God was Portugal associated with?
A2: Bacchus
Q3: What are some of the best Portuguese wines?
A3: Vinho Verde, Vinho Alvarinho, Vinho do Douro, Vinho do Alentejo, Vinho do Dão, Vinho da Bairrada and the sweet: Port Wine, Madeira Wine
Q4: Which two Portuguese wines are especially enjoyed around the world?
A4: Port and Madeira
Antarctica (Natural sciences)

Positioned asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle, Antarctica is the southernmost continent and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean; alternatively, it may be considered to be surrounded by the southern Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, or by the southern waters of the World Ocean. It covers more than 14,000,000 km2 (5,400,000 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest continent, about 1.3 times as large as Europe. The coastline measures 17,968 km (11,165 mi) and is mostly characterized by ice formations, as the following table shows:

Q1: What is the southern most continent?
A1: Antarctica
Q2: What is the size of Antarctica in square miles?
A2: 5,400,000
Q3: What is Antarctica's ranking among the continents?
A3: fifth-largest
Q4: How many miles long is Antarctica's coast line?
A4: 11,165
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Possessing a mezzo-soprano vocal range, Madonna has always been self-conscious about her voice, especially in comparison to her vocal idols such as Ella Fitzgerald, Prince, and Chaka Khan. Mark Bego, author of Madonna: Blonde Ambition, called her "the perfect vocalist for lighter-than-air songs", despite not being a "heavyweight talent." According to MSNBC critic Tony Sclafani, "Madonna's vocals are the key to her rock roots. Pop vocalists usually sing songs "straight," but Madonna employs subtext, irony, aggression and all sorts of vocal idiosyncrasies in the ways John Lennon and Bob Dylan did." Madonna used a bright, girlish vocal timbre in her early albums which became passé in her later works. The change was deliberate since she was constantly reminded of how the critics had once labelled her as "Minnie Mouse on helium". During the filming of Evita, Madonna had to take vocal lessons, which increased her range further. Of this experience she commented, "I studied with a vocal coach for Evita and I realized there was a whole piece of my voice I wasn't using. Before, I just believed I had a really limited range and was going to make the most of it."

Q1: Madonna has which vocal range?
A1: mezzo-soprano
Q2: What was the title of Madonna's Book?
A2: Blonde Ambition
Q3: Who stated that Madonna's voice are key to her rock roots?
A3: Tony Sclafani
Q4: When did Madonna take voice lessons?
A4: filming of Evita
Antibiotics (History)

Possible improvements include clarification of clinical trial regulations by FDA. Furthermore, appropriate economic incentives could persuade pharmaceutical companies to invest in this endeavor. Antibiotic Development to Advance Patient Treatment (ADAPT) Act aims to fast track the drug development to combat the growing threat of 'superbugs'. Under this Act, FDA can approve antibiotics and antifungals treating life-threatening infections based on smaller clinical trials. The CDC will monitor the use of antibiotics and the emerging resistance, and publish the data. The FDA antibiotics labeling process, 'Susceptibility Test Interpretive Criteria for Microbial Organisms' or 'breakpoints', will provide accurate data to healthcare professionals. According to Allan Coukell, senior director for health programs at The Pew Charitable Trusts, "By allowing drug developers to rely on smaller datasets, and clarifying FDA's authority to tolerate a higher level of uncertainty for these drugs when making a risk/benefit calculation, ADAPT would make the clinical trials more feasible."

Q1: Who regulates antibiotic approval?
A1: FDA
Q2: What could help to spur pharmaceuticals to make new antibiotics?
A2: economic incentives
Q3: What are resistant bacteria called in the media?
A3: superbugs
Q4: Who is a director at the Pew Charitable Trusts?
A4: Allan Coukell,
Virgil (Language and literature)

Possibly as early as the second century AD, Virgil's works were seen as having magical properties and were used for divination. In what became known as the Sortes Vergilianae (Virgilian Lots), passages would be selected at random and interpreted to answer questions. In the 12th century, starting around Naples but eventually spreading widely throughout Europe, a tradition developed in which Virgil was regarded as a great magician. Legends about Virgil and his magical powers remained popular for over two hundred years, arguably becoming as prominent as his writings themselves. Virgil's legacy in medieval Wales was such that the Welsh version of his name, Fferyllt or Pheryllt, became a generic term for magic-worker, and survives in the modern Welsh word for pharmacist, fferyllydd.

Q1: Where did the tradition start which regarded Virgil as a great magician?
A1: Naples
Q2: How long did legends of Virgil's magical powers remain popular?
A2: over two hundred years
Q3: What is the modern Welsh word for phramacist?
A3: fferyllydd
Q4: Where did Virgil's name become a generic term for magic-worker?
A4: medieval Wales
Q5: When did Virgil's reputation as a great magician begin?
A5: 12th century
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States (History)

Possibly in part due to expedited federal habeas corpus procedures embodied in the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, the pace of executions picked up, reaching a peak of 98 in 1999 and then they declined gradually to 28 in 2015. Since the death penalty was reauthorized in 1976, 1,411 people have been executed, almost exclusively by the states, with most occurring after 1990. Texas has accounted for over one-third of modern executions (although only two death sentences were imposed in Texas during 2015, with the courts preferring to issue sentences of life without parole instead) and over four times as many as Oklahoma, the state with the second-highest number. California has the greatest number of prisoners on death row, has issued the highest number of death sentences but has held relatively few executions.

Q1: How many executions occurred in 1999?
A1: 98
Q2: What was the number of people executed in 2015?
A2: 28
Q3: In what year did the reauthorization of capital punishment occur?
A3: 1976
Q4: How many people have been executed in the United States since 1976?
A4: 1,411
Q5: Which state has the largest number of people awaiting execution?
A5: California
Buckingham_Palace (Art and architecture)

Possibly the first house erected within the site was that of a Sir William Blake, around 1624. The next owner was Lord Goring, who from 1633 extended Blake's house and developed much of today's garden, then known as Goring Great Garden. He did not, however, obtain the freehold interest in the mulberry garden. Unbeknown to Goring, in 1640 the document "failed to pass the Great Seal before King Charles I fled London, which it needed to do for legal execution". It was this critical omission that helped the British royal family regain the freehold under King George III.

Q1: Who built the first house on the site?
A1: Sir William Blake
Q2: Which owner developed much of the garden still seen today?
A2: Lord Goring
Q3: What was Lord Goring's garden known as?
A3: Goring Great Garden
Q4: Under which king did the Royal Family regain the freehold title of the property? 
A4: King George III
Q5: Which king failed to execute Goring's freehold document before fleeing to London?
A5: King Charles I
Q6: Who owned the first house built on the site?
A6: Sir William Blake
Q7: Who developed what is much of today's garden at Buckingham?
A7: Lord Goring
Q8: What was the name of Lord Goring Garden?
A8: Goring Great Garden
Q9: Which king fled to London leaving allowing the Royal family to keep it's freehold on the property?
A9: King Charles I
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

Possibly the first venture into fictional treatments of Chopin's life was a fanciful operatic version of some of its events. Chopin was written by Giacomo Orefice and produced in Milan in 1901. All the music is derived from that of Chopin.

Q1: When was the first fictionalized account of Chopin's life?
A1: 1901
Q2: Where was the first fictionalized account of Chopin's life created?
A2: Milan
Q3: Who is responsible for the first fictionalized account of Chopin's life?
A3: Giacomo Orefice
Q4: What is thought to be the first fictionalized work about Chopin?
A4: Chopin
Q5: What style is the fictionalized "Chopin" in?
A5: opera
Q6: Who wrote the fictionalized "Chopin?"
A6: Giacomo Orefice
Q7: When was the fictionalized "Chopin" produced?
A7: 1901.
Q8: Where was the fictionalized "Chopin" produced?
A8: Milan
Guam (Geography and places)

Post-European-contact Chamorro culture is a combination of American, Spanish, Filipino, other Micronesian Islander and Mexican traditions, with few remaining indigenous pre-Hispanic customs. These influences are manifested in the local language, music, dance, sea navigation, cuisine, fishing, games (such as batu, chonka, estuleks, and bayogu), songs and fashion. During Spanish colonial rule (1668–1898) the majority of the population was converted to Roman Catholicism and religious festivities such as Easter and Christmas became widespread. Post-contact Chamorro cuisine is largely based on corn, and includes tortillas, tamales, atole and chilaquiles, which are a clear influence from Spanish trade between Mesoamerica and Asia. The modern Chamorro language is a Malayo-Polynesian language with much Spanish and Filipino influence. Many Chamorros also have Spanish surnames because of their conversion to Roman Catholic Christianity and the adoption of names from the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos, a phenomenon also common to the Philippines.

Q1: hat years did the Spanish rule Guam?
A1: 1668–1898
Q2: What religion was the general population converted to?
A2: Roman Catholicism
Q3: Which two major holidays become popular in Guam?
A3: Easter and Christmas
Q4: What is the name of the modern Chamorro language?
A4: Malayo-Polynesian
Post-punk (Music)

Post-punk is a heterogeneous type of rock music that emerged in the wake of the punk movement of the 1970s. Drawing inspiration from elements of punk rock while departing from its musical conventions and wider cultural affiliations, post-punk music was marked by varied, experimentalist sensibilities and its "conceptual assault" on rock tradition. Artists embraced electronic music, black dance styles and the avant-garde, as well as novel recording technology and production techniques. The movement also saw the frequent intersection of music with art and politics, as artists liberally drew on sources such as critical theory, cinema, performance art and modernist literature. Accompanying these musical developments were subcultures that produced visual art, multimedia performances, independent record labels and fanzines in conjunction with the music.

Q1: When did post-punk arrive on the scene?
A1: in the wake of the punk movement of the 1970s
Q2: What did post-punk artists use in their music?
A2: critical theory, cinema, performance art and modernist literature
Q3: What began to spring up around the post-punk music?
A3: independent record labels and fanzines
Q4: How did post-punk take on rock and roll?
A4: conceptual assault
Q5: When was the original punk movement?
A5: 1970s
Q6: What is a name for a type of rock music that is extremely varied in sound?
A6: Post-punk
Q7: What elements of punk rock did post-punk depart from?
A7: musical conventions and wider cultural affiliations
Q8: What subject matter does post-punk commonly mesh its musical sensibilities with?
A8: art and politics
Q9: What developed along with the music developments of post-punk?
A9: subcultures
Post-punk (Music)

Post-punk was an eclectic genre which resulted in a wide variety of musical innovations and helped merge white and black musical styles. Out of the post-punk milieu came the beginnings of various subsequent genres, including new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alternative rock and house music. Bands such as Joy Division, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus and the Cure played in a darker, more morose style of post-punk that lead to the development of the gothic rock genre.

Q1: What musical styles did post-punk help merge?
A1: white and black musical styles
Q2: What beginnings rose from the dead ashes of post-punk?
A2: various subsequent genres
Q3: New wave, industrial music, synthpop and house all share roots in what genre?
A3: post-punk
Q4: What style of music did post-punk band the Cure play in?
A4: darker, more morose
Q5: What genre of music did Joy Division help in the development of?
A5: gothic rock
Q6: Which type of eclectic music had a huge variety, large innovations and an "anything goes" mentality?
A6: Post-punk
Q7: Which darker post-punk bands gave rise to gothic rock?
A7: Joy Division, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus and the Cure
Q8: Where did systhpop, industrial and neo-psychedelia music derive from?
A8: Post-punk
Q9: What type of music was gothic rock?
A9: darker, more morose style
Q10: What styles of music did post-punk pave the way for?
A10: new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alternative rock and house music
Plymouth (History)

Post-war, Devonport Dockyard was kept busy refitting aircraft carriers such as the Ark Royal and, later, nuclear submarines while new light industrial factories were constructed in the newly zoned industrial sector attracting rapid growth of the urban population. The army had substantially left the city by 1971, with barracks pulled down in the 1960s, however the city remains home to the 42 Commando of the Royal Marines.

Q1: What aircraft carrier received maintenance at Devonport Dockyard?
A1: Ark Royal
Q2: By what year was the greater part of the army presence in Plymouth gone?
A2: 1971
Q3: What military unit is based in Plymouth?
A3: 42 Commando of the Royal Marines
BBC_Television (Media and drama)

Postwar broadcast coverage was extended to Birmingham in 1949 with the opening of the Sutton Coldfield transmitting station, and by the mid-1950s most of the country was covered, transmitting a 405-line interlaced image on VHF.[original research?]

Q1: What city received BBC signals starting in 1949?
A1: Birmingham
Q2: Which facility brought the BBC's transmissions to Birmingham?
A2: Sutton Coldfield transmitting station
Q3: What kind of image was broadcasted by the BBC by the mid-'50s?
A3: 405-line interlaced image
Q4: On what frequency band was the BBC broadcasting in thie 1950s?
A4: VHF
Poultry (Natural sciences)

Poultry (/ˌpoʊltriː/) are domesticated birds kept by humans for the eggs they produce, their meat, their feathers, or sometimes as pets. These birds are most typically members of the superorder Galloanserae (fowl), especially the order Galliformes (which includes chickens, quails and turkeys) and the family Anatidae, in order Anseriformes, commonly known as "waterfowl" and including domestic ducks and domestic geese. Poultry also includes other birds that are killed for their meat, such as the young of pigeons (known as squabs) but does not include similar wild birds hunted for sport or food and known as game. The word "poultry" comes from the French/Norman word poule, itself derived from the Latin word pullus, which means small animal.

Q1: What is the significance of poultry in the lives of humans?
A1: kept by humans for the eggs they produce, their meat, their feathers, or sometimes as pets.
Q2: Are all domesticated and wild birds classified as poultry  ?
A2: but does not include similar wild birds hunted for sport or food and known as game.
Q3: What types of  birds are most commonly considered poultry?
A3: chickens, quails and turkeys
Q4: Was the Latin word for poultry also used to decribe other small animals as opposed to any poulty?
A4: from the Latin word pullus, which means small animal.
Q5: Are any other birds considered common in the world of poultry?
A5: domestic ducks and domestic geese.
Poultry (Natural sciences)

Poultry is available fresh or frozen, as whole birds or as joints (cuts), bone-in or deboned, seasoned in various ways, raw or ready cooked. The meatiest parts of a bird are the flight muscles on its chest, called "breast" meat, and the walking muscles on the legs, called the "thigh" and "drumstick". The wings are also eaten (Buffalo wings are a popular example in the United States) and may be split into three segments, the meatier "drumette", the "wingette" (also called the "flat"), and the wing tip (also called the "flapper"). In Japan, the wing is frequently separated, and these parts are referred to as 手羽元 (teba-moto "wing base") and 手羽先 (teba-saki "wing tip").

Q1: Is poultry available in various forms?
A1: fresh or frozen, as whole birds or as joints (cuts), bone-in or deboned, seasoned in various ways, raw or ready cooked.
Q2: What is the most substantial part of a birds antomy as it apples to consupmtion og the meat?
A2: The meatiest parts of a bird are the flight muscles on its chest, called "breast" meat, and the walking muscles on the legs, called the "thigh" and "drumstick"
Q3: Are certain parts of the bird used for particular reasons in relation to receipes?
A3: wings are also eaten (Buffalo wings are a popular example in the United States) and may be split into three segments,
Poultry (Natural sciences)

Poultry is the second most widely eaten type of meat in the world, accounting for about 30% of total meat production worldwide compared to pork at 38%. Sixteen billion birds are raised annually for consumption, more than half of these in industrialised, factory-like production units. Global broiler meat production rose to 84.6 million tonnes in 2013. The largest producers were the United States (20%), China (16.6%), Brazil (15.1%) and the European Union (11.3%). There are two distinct models of production; the European Union supply chain model seeks to supply products which can be traced back to the farm of origin. This model faces the increasing costs of implementing additional food safety requirements, welfare issues and environmental regulations. In contrast, the United States model turns the product into a commodity.

Q1: Jo w common is the consumtion of poultry in the world?
A1: Poultry is the second most widely eaten type of meat in the world, accounting for about 30% of total meat production worldwide
Q2: How many animals of the poultry variety are raised for consumtion each year?
A2: Sixteen billion birds are raised annually
Q3: What type of enviornment is poultry most commonly raised in?
A3: more than half of these in industrialised, factory-like production units
Q4: How many industry models are followed for the production process of poultry?
A4: There are two distinct models of production;
Q5: What is the Europeon model of the poultry business ?
A5: the European Union supply chain model seeks to supply products which can be traced back to the farm of origin
Poultry (Natural sciences)

Poultry meat and eggs provide nutritionally beneficial food containing protein of high quality. This is accompanied by low levels of fat which have a favourable mix of fatty acids. Chicken meat contains about two to three times as much polyunsaturated fat as most types of red meat when measured by weight. However, for boneless, skinless chicken breast, the amount is much lower. A 100-g serving of baked chicken breast contains 4 g of fat and 31 g of protein, compared to 10 g of fat and 27 g of protein for the same portion of broiled, lean skirt steak.

Q1: What is the nutitional value to humans of poultry and poultry products?
A1: protein of high quality
Q2: What is the fat and protien content of a 100g ram serving of baked chicken breast contain ?
A2: 4 g of fat and 31 g of protein
Q3: How much healthy fat in in the average serving of poultry?
A3: two to three times as much polyunsaturated fat as most types of red meat
Q4: Does chicken contain fat?
A4: low levels of fat which have a favourable mix of fatty acids
Diarrhea (Natural sciences)

Poverty is a good indicator of the rate of infectious diarrhea in a population. This association does not stem from poverty itself, but rather from the conditions under which impoverished people live. The absence of certain resources compromises the ability of the poor to defend themselves against infectious diarrhea. "Poverty is associated with poor housing, crowding, dirt floors, lack of access to clean water or to sanitary disposal of fecal waste (sanitation), cohabitation with domestic animals that may carry human pathogens, and a lack of refrigerated storage for food, all of which increase the frequency of diarrhea... Poverty also restricts the ability to provide age-appropriate, nutritionally balanced diets or to modify diets when diarrhea develops so as to mitigate and repair nutrient losses. The impact is exacerbated by the lack of adequate, available, and affordable medical care."

Q1: What is a good indicator of the rate of infectious diarrhea?
A1: Poverty
Q2: Why does living in poverty raise your risk of diarrhea?
A2: from the conditions under which impoverished people live
Q3: What causes this to be exacerbated?
A3: the lack of adequate, available, and affordable medical care.
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

Prajñā (Sanskrit) or paññā (Pāli) means wisdom that is based on a realization of dependent origination, The Four Noble Truths and the three marks of existence. Prajñā is the wisdom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about bodhi. It is spoken of as the principal means of attaining nirvāṇa, through its revelation of the true nature of all things as dukkha (unsatisfactoriness), anicca (impermanence) and anatta (not-self). Prajñā is also listed as the sixth of the six pāramitās of the Mahayana.

Q1: How many Noble Truths are there?
A1: Four
Q2: Prajna is the wisom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about what?
A2: bodhi
Q3: What is listed as the sixth of the six paramitas of the mahayana?
A3: Prajñā