LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Utrecht (History)

The area surrounding Utrecht Centraal railway station and the station itself were developed following modernist ideas of the 1960s, in a brutalist style. This led to the construction of the shopping mall Hoog Catharijne (nl), music centre Vredenburg (Hertzberger, 1979), and conversion of part of the ancient canal structure into a highway (Catherijnebaan). Protest against further modernisation of the city centre followed even before the last buildings were finalised. In the early 21st century the whole area is being redeveloped. The music redeveloped music centre opened in 2014 where the original Vredenburg concert and rock and jazz halls are brought together in a single building.

Q1: What was railway area developed into 
A1: were developed following modernist ideas of the 1960s, in a brutalist style
Q2: What mall was constructed 
A2: the shopping mall Hoog Catharijne
Q3: What happened in the early 21 st century 
A3: In the early 21st century the whole area is being redeveloped
Boston (Geography and places)

The area's many colleges and universities are active in college athletics. Four NCAA Division I members play in the city—Boston College, Boston University, Harvard University, and Northeastern University. Of the four, only Boston College participates in college football at the highest level, the Football Bowl Subdivision. Harvard participates in the second-highest level, the Football Championship Subdivision.

Q1: How many NCAA Division I members play in Boston?
A1: four
Q2: Which college participates in college football at the highest level?
A2: Boston College
Q3: What is the name of the highest level of college football?
A3: the Football Bowl Subdivision
Q4: Who participates in the second highest level of college football?
A4: Harvard
Q5: What is the name of the second highest level of college football?
A5: Football Championship Subdivision
Boston (Geography and places)

The area's many colleges and universities make Boston an international center of higher education and medicine, and the city is considered to be a world leader in innovation. Boston's economic base also includes finance, professional and business services, biotechnology, information technology, and government activities. Households in the city claim the highest average rate of philanthropy in the United States; businesses and institutions rank amongst the top in the country for environmental sustainability and investment. The city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States, though it remains high on world livability rankings.

Q1: Households in Boston claim the highest average rate of what in the United States?
A1: philanthropy
Q2: Bostons businesses rank top in the country for what?
A2: environmental sustainability and investment
Q3: Where does Boston rank as far as cost of living in the United States?
A3: The city has one of the highest costs of living
Q4: How does Boston rank on world livability?
A4: high
Q5: Boston is internationally known for education and medicine because of its many what?
A5: colleges and universities
Philadelphia (History)

The area's many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational and economic hub. With a gross domestic product of $388 billion, Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation. Philadelphia is the center of economic activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is growing, with several nationally prominent skyscrapers. The city is known for its arts, culture, and history, attracting over 39 million domestic tourists in 2013. Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city, and Fairmount Park is the largest landscaped urban park in the world. The 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city helped account for the $10 billion generated by tourism. Philadelphia is the birthplace of the United States Marine Corps, and is also the home of many U.S. firsts, including the first library (1731), first hospital (1751) and medical school (1765), first Capitol (1777), first stock exchange (1790), first zoo (1874), and first business school (1881). Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States.

Q1: What is the GDP of the city?
A1: $388 billion
Q2: Where does it rank in comparison to other US cities in GDP?
A2: fourth
Q3: How many Fortune 500 companies call Philadelpia home?
A3: seven
Q4: How many domestic tourists visit annually?
A4: 39 million
Q5: What branch of the US military was born in Philadelphia?
A5: United States Marine Corps
Alps (Geography and places)

The areas that are not arid and receive high precipitation experience periodic flooding from rapid snowmelt and runoff. The mean precipitation in the Alps ranges from a low of 2,600 mm (100 in) per year to 3,600 mm (140 in) per year, with the higher levels occurring at high altitudes. At altitudes between 1,000 and 3,000 m (3,281 and 9,843 ft), snowfall begins in November and accumulates through to April or May when the melt begins. Snow lines vary from 2,400 to 3,000 m (7,874 to 9,843 ft), above which the snow is permanent and the temperatures hover around the freezing point even July and August. High-water levels in streams and rivers peak in June and July when the snow is still melting at the higher altitudes.

Q1: What areas experience periodic flooding from rapid snowmelt and runoff?
A1: The areas that are not arid and receive high precipitation
Q2: What are the ranges of mean precipitation in the Alps?
A2: 2,600 mm (100 in) per year to 3,600 mm (140 in) per year
Q3: Where do the higher levels of precipitation occur? 
A3: high altitudes
Q4: At what altitude does snowfall begin in November?
A4: At altitudes between 1,000 and 3,000 m
Portugal (Geography and places)

The armed forces have three branches: Navy, Army and Air Force. They serve primarily as a self-defense force whose mission is to protect the territorial integrity of the country and provide humanitarian assistance and security at home and abroad. As of 2008, the three branches numbered 39,200 active personnel including 7,500 women. Portuguese military expenditure in 2009 was $5.2 billion, representing 2.1 percent of GDP. Military conscription was abolished in 2004. The minimum age for voluntary recruitment is 18 years.

Q1: How many branches make up the Portuguese armed forces?
A1: three
Q2: What are the branches of the Portuguese armed forces?
A2: Navy, Army and Air Force
Q3: What is the primary purpose of the Portuguese armed forces?
A3: primarily as a self-defense force whose mission is to protect the territorial integrity of the country and provide humanitarian assistance and security
Q4: How many women were in the Portuguese armed forces in 2008?
A4: 7,500
Q5: How much money was spent on the Portuguese armed forced in 2009?
A5: $5.2 billion, representing 2.1 percent of GDP
Han_dynasty (History)

The armillary sphere, a three-dimensional representation of the movements in the celestial sphere, was invented in Han China by the 1st century BC. Using a water clock, waterwheel and a series of gears, the Court Astronomer Zhang Heng (78–139 AD) was able to mechanically rotate his metal-ringed armillary sphere. To address the problem of slowed timekeeping in the pressure head of the inflow water clock, Zhang was the first in China to install an additional tank between the reservoir and inflow vessel. Zhang also invented a seismometer (Houfeng didong yi 候风地动仪) in 132 AD to detect the exact cardinal or ordinal direction of earthquakes from hundreds of kilometers away. This employed an inverted pendulum that, when disturbed by ground tremors, would trigger a set of gears that dropped a metal ball from one of eight dragon mouths (representing all eight directions) into a metal toad's mouth.

Q1: Who was responsible for the invention of the seismometer?
A1: Zhang Heng
Q2: In what year was the seismometer first invented?
A2: 132 AD
Q3: What invention included an inverted pendulum?
A3: seismometer
Q4: How many dragons were represented in Zhang Heng's invention of the seismometer?
A4: eight
Q5: What was exchanged from mouth to mouth in the usage of the seismometer?
A5: metal ball
United_States_Army (History)

The army employs various individual weapons to provide light firepower at short ranges. The most common weapons used by the army are the compact variant of the M16 rifle, the M4 carbine, as well as the 7.62×51mm variant of the FN SCAR for Army Rangers. The primary sidearm in the U.S. Army is the 9 mm M9 pistol; the M11 pistol is also used. Both handguns are to be replaced through the Modular Handgun System program. Soldiers are also equiped with various hand grenades, such as the M67 fragmentation grenade and M18 smoke grenade.

Q1: What is the primary sidearm used by the U.S. Army?
A1: 9 mm M9 pistol
Q2: What type of frag grenade is used by the U.S. Army?
A2: M67
Q3: The M18 is a type of what kind of grenade?
A3: smoke
Q4: Through what system are handguns being replacedby the U.S. Army?
A4: Modular Handgun System
United_States_Army (History)

The army has relied heavily on tents to provide the various facilities needed while on deployment. The most common tent uses for the military are as temporary barracks (sleeping quarters), DFAC buildings (dining facilities), forward operating bases (FOBs), after action review (AAR), tactical operations center (TOC), morale, welfare, and recreation (MWR) facilities, and security checkpoints. Furthermore, most of these tents are set up and operated through the support of Natick Soldier Systems Center.

Q1: What does the army use for facilities while they are deployed?
A1: tents
Q2: What are the barracks used for?
A2: sleeping quarters
Q3: Where are the dining facilities called?
A3: DFAC buildings
Q4: What does FOB stand for?
A4: forward operating bases
Q5: What is the abbreviation for a tactical operations center?
A5: TOC
United_States_Army (History)

The army is also changing its base unit from divisions to brigades. Division lineage will be retained, but the divisional headquarters will be able to command any brigade, not just brigades that carry their divisional lineage. The central part of this plan is that each brigade will be modular, i.e., all brigades of the same type will be exactly the same, and thus any brigade can be commanded by any division. As specified before the 2013 end-strength re-definitions, the three major types of ground combat brigades are:

Q1: What is the army replacing divisions with?
A1: brigades
Q2: How will the brigades be structured?
A2: modular
Q3: Who can command any brigade?
A3: divisional headquarters
United_States_Army (History)

The army is led by a civilian Secretary of the Army, who has the statutory authority to conduct all the affairs of the army under the authority, direction and control of the Secretary of Defense. The Chief of Staff of the Army, who is the highest-ranked military officer in the army, serves as the principal military adviser and executive agent for the Secretary of the Army, i.e., its service chief; and as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, a body composed of the service chiefs from each of the four military services belonging to the Department of Defense who advise the President of the United States, the Secretary of Defense, and the National Security Council on operational military matters, under the guidance of the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In 1986, the Goldwater–Nichols Act mandated that operational control of the services follows a chain of command from the President to the Secretary of Defense directly to the unified combatant commanders, who have control of all armed forces units in their geographic or function area of responsibility. Thus, the secretaries of the military departments (and their respective service chiefs underneath them) only have the responsibility to organize, train and equip their service components. The army provides trained forces to the combatant commanders for use as directed by the Secretary of Defense.

Q1: Who is the highest-ranked military officer in the army?
A1: The Chief of Staff
Q2: Who does the Chief of Staff serve as the principal military adviser to?
A2: Secretary of the Army
Q3: How many military services beling to the Department of Defense?
A3: four
Q4: In what year did the Goldwater-Nichols act take place?
A4: 1986
Franco-Prussian_War (History)

The army was still equipped with the Dreyse needle gun of Battle of Königgrätz fame, which was by this time showing the age of its 25-year-old design. The rifle had a range of only 600 m (2,000 ft) and lacked the rubber breech seal that permitted aimed shots. The deficiencies of the needle gun were more than compensated for by the famous Krupp 6-pounder (3 kg) steel breech-loading cannons being issued to Prussian artillery batteries. Firing a contact-detonated shell, the Krupp gun had a longer range and a higher rate of fire than the French bronze muzzle loading cannon, which relied on faulty time fuses.

Q1: In which battle did the Dreyse needle gun gain its fame?
A1: Battle of Königgrätz
Q2: At the start of the Franco-Prussian War, what was the age of the Dreyse gun's design?
A2: 25-year-old design
Q3: What was the Dreyse rifle's tactical range?
A3: 600 m (2,000 ft)
Q4: What was the name of the famous cannon issued to Prussian soldiers at the time?
A4: Krupp
Q5: What type of shell did the Krupp weapon fire?
A5: a contact-detonated shell
United_States_Army (History)

The army's major campaign against the Indians was fought in Florida against Seminoles. It took long wars (1818–58) to finally defeat the Seminoles and move them to Oklahoma. The usual strategy in Indian wars was to seize control of the Indians winter food supply, but that was no use in Florida where there was no winter. The second strategy was to form alliances with other Indian tribes, but that too was useless because the Seminoles had destroyed all the other Indians when they entered Florida in the late eighteenth century.

Q1: What Indian tribe was the Army's major campaign against?
A1: Seminoles
Q2: During what years did the wars between the Army and the Seminoles take place?
A2: 1818–58
Q3: What state were the Seminoles moved to?
A3: Oklahoma
Q4: What did the Army traditionally take control of to defeat the Indians?
A4: winter food supply
Q5: During what century did the Seminoles enter Florida?
A5: eighteenth
United_States_Army (History)

The army's most common vehicle is the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), commonly called the Humvee, which is capable of serving as a cargo/troop carrier, weapons platform, and ambulance, among many other roles. While they operate a wide variety of combat support vehicles, one of the most common types centers on the family of HEMTT vehicles. The M1A2 Abrams is the army's main battle tank, while the M2A3 Bradley is the standard infantry fighting vehicle. Other vehicles include the Stryker, and the M113 armored personnel carrier, and multiple types of Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicles.

Q1: What does HMMWV stand for?
A1: High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle
Q2: What is the HMMWV also known as?
A2: Humvee
Q3: The M1A2 Abrams is an example of what?
A3: battle tank
Q4: What does MRAP stand for?
A4: Mine Resistant Ambush Protected
Capacitor (Engineering and technology)

The arrangement of plates and dielectric has many variations depending on the desired ratings of the capacitor. For small values of capacitance (microfarads and less), ceramic disks use metallic coatings, with wire leads bonded to the coating. Larger values can be made by multiple stacks of plates and disks. Larger value capacitors usually use a metal foil or metal film layer deposited on the surface of a dielectric film to make the plates, and a dielectric film of impregnated paper or plastic – these are rolled up to save space. To reduce the series resistance and inductance for long plates, the plates and dielectric are staggered so that connection is made at the common edge of the rolled-up plates, not at the ends of the foil or metalized film strips that comprise the plates.

Q1: What order of magnitude of capacitance is suitable for capacitors comprised of ceramic disks with metallic coatings?
A1: microfarads and less
Q2: How are larger value capacitors often constructed?
A2: multiple stacks of plates and disks
Q3: What do larger value capacitors often use as the dielectric medium?
A3: impregnated paper or plastic – these are rolled up to save space
Q4: Why are the plates and dielectrics often staggered in larger value capacitors?
A4: To reduce the series resistance and inductance
Q5: How are the conductive plates often made for larger value capacitors?
A5: metal film layer deposited on the surface of a dielectric film
Cubism (Art and architecture)

The art historian Douglas Cooper states that Paul Gauguin and Paul Cézanne "were particularly influential to the formation of Cubism and especially important to the paintings of Picasso during 1906 and 1907". Cooper goes on to say: "The Demoiselles is generally referred to as the first Cubist picture. This is an exaggeration, for although it was a major first step towards Cubism it is not yet Cubist. The disruptive, expressionist element in it is even contrary to the spirit of Cubism, which looked at the world in a detached, realistic spirit. Nevertheless, the Demoiselles is the logical picture to take as the starting point for Cubism, because it marks the birth of a new pictorial idiom, because in it Picasso violently overturned established conventions and because all that followed grew out of it."

Q1: Which two artists did Douglass Cooper say were very important to the forming of Cubism?
A1: Paul Gauguin and Paul Cézanne
Q2: What does Cooper say is the first  Cubist picture? 
A2: The Demoiselles
Q3: Is it true that the first Cubist picture is The Demoiselles? 
A3: although it was a major first step towards Cubism it is not yet Cubist.
Ottoman_Empire (History)

The art of carpet weaving was particularly significant in the Ottoman Empire, carpets having an immense importance both as decorative furnishings, rich in religious and other symbolism, and as a practical consideration, as it was customary to remove one's shoes in living quarters. The weaving of such carpets originated in the nomadic cultures of central Asia (carpets being an easily transportable form of furnishing), and was eventually spread to the settled societies of Anatolia. Turks used carpets, rugs and kilims not just on the floors of a room, but also as a hanging on walls and doorways, where they provided additional insulation. They were also commonly donated to mosques, which often amassed large collections of them.

Q1: Which art was important in religious symbolism and as a decoration in the Ottoman empire?
A1: carpet weaving
Q2: What was the custom for those wearing shoes indoors in the Ottoman empire?
A2: it was customary to remove one's shoes
Q3: Where did carpet weaving in the Empire originate?
A3: the nomadic cultures of central Asia
Q4: Where did carpet weaving initially spread to inside of the Empire?
A4: Anatolia
Q5: Kilims were used by Turks to provide insulation where?
A5: walls and doorways
Computer (Engineering and technology)

The art of mechanical analog computing reached its zenith with the differential analyzer, built by H. L. Hazen and Vannevar Bush at MIT starting in 1927. This built on the mechanical integrators of James Thomson and the torque amplifiers invented by H. W. Nieman. A dozen of these devices were built before their obsolescence became obvious.

Q1: Where was the differential analyzer built by H.L. Hazen?
A1: MIT
Q2: The differential analyzer by H.L. Hazen and Vannevar Bush was first being built in what year?
A2: 1927
Q3: The torque amplifiers of the differential analyzer were created by whom?
A3: H. W. Nieman
Chinese_characters (Language and literature)

The art of writing Chinese characters is called Chinese calligraphy. It is usually done with ink brushes. In ancient China, Chinese calligraphy is one of the Four Arts of the Chinese Scholars. There is a minimalist set of rules of Chinese calligraphy. Every character from the Chinese scripts is built into a uniform shape by means of assigning it a geometric area in which the character must occur. Each character has a set number of brushstrokes; none must be added or taken away from the character to enhance it visually, lest the meaning be lost. Finally, strict regularity is not required, meaning the strokes may be accentuated for dramatic effect of individual style. Calligraphy was the means by which scholars could mark their thoughts and teachings for immortality, and as such, represent some of the more precious treasures that can be found from ancient China.

Q1: What is the art of writing Chinese characters?
A1: Chinese calligraphy
Q2: What is one of the Four Arts of the Chinese Scholars?
A2: Chinese calligraphy
Q3: What is not required?
A3: strict regularity
The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess (Video games)

The artificial intelligence (AI) of enemies in Twilight Princess is more advanced than that of enemies in The Wind Waker. Enemies react to defeated companions and to arrows or slingshot pellets that pass by, and can detect Link from a greater distance than was possible in previous games.

Q1: What does AI stand for?
A1: artificial intelligence
Q2: What is a game whose enemies have more rudimentary programming than those in Twilight Princess?
A2: The Wind Waker
Q3: What do enemies do to defeated companions?
A3: react
Q4: What feature of the enemies in Twilight Princess is more advanced?
A4: artificial intelligence
Q5: Who can enemies detect from a greater distance than in previous games?
A5: Link
Southeast_Asia (Geography and places)

The arts of Southeast Asia have affinity with the arts of other areas. Dance in much of Southeast Asia includes movement of the hands as well as the feet, to express the dance's emotion and meaning of the story that the ballerina is going to tell the audience. Most of Southeast Asia introduced dance into their court; in particular, Cambodian royal ballet represented them in the early 7th century before the Khmer Empire, which was highly influenced by Indian Hinduism. Apsara Dance, famous for strong hand and feet movement, is a great example of Hindu symbolic dance.

Q1: Where did the Southeast Asians introduce their dance?
A1: into their court
Q2: Which dance was famous for strong feet & hand movements?
A2: Apsara Dance
Q3: The Khmer Empire was influenced by what?
A3: Indian Hinduism
Catalan_language (Language and literature)

The ascription of Catalan to the Occitano-Romance branch of Gallo-Romance languages is not shared by all linguists and philologists, particularly among Spanish ones, such as Ramón Menéndez Pidal.

Q1: To what branch of Gallo-Romance languages is Catalan attributed?
A1: Occitano-Romance
Q2: Who disagrees with putting Catalan in the Occitano-Romance branch?
A2: linguists
Q3: What kind of linguists do not like placing Catalan in the Occitano-Romance category?
A3: Spanish ones