LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
American_Idol (Music)

Finalist Phillip Phillips suffered from kidney pain and was taken to the hospital before the Top 13 results show, and later received medical procedure to alleviate a blockage caused by kidney stones. He was reported to have eight surgeries during his Idol run, and had considered quitting the show due to the pain. He underwent surgery to remove the stones and reconstruct his kidney soon after the season had finished.

Q1: Which season 11 contestant had to go to the hospital before the Top 13 Results?
A1: Phillip Phillips
Q2: Why was Phillip Phillips hospitalized during his time on American Idol?
A2: kidney stones
Q3: How many times did Phillip Phillips have surgery when he was on American Idol?
A3: eight
Q4: Which contestant thought about leaving the contest because of pain in his kidney?
A4: Phillip Phillips
Q5: Which contestant had eight surgeries during his Idol run?
A5: Phillip Phillips
Q6: What kind of pain did Phillips endure?
A6: kidney pain
Biodiversity (Natural sciences)

Finally, an introduced species may unintentionally injure a species that depends on the species it replaces. In Belgium, Prunus spinosa from Eastern Europe leafs much sooner than its West European counterparts, disrupting the feeding habits of the Thecla betulae butterfly (which feeds on the leaves). Introducing new species often leaves endemic and other local species unable to compete with the exotic species and unable to survive. The exotic organisms may be predators, parasites, or may simply outcompete indigenous species for nutrients, water and light.

Q1: What may unintentionally injure a species that depends on the species it replaces?
A1: an introduced species
Q2: Where does the Prunus spinosa leaf much sooner?
A2: In Belgium
Q3: What animal can its feeding habits disturbed by the Prunus spinosa?
A3: leaves endemic and other local species unable to compete with the exotic species and unable to survive
Q4: What species struggle to with the introduction of new species?
A4: endemic and other local species
Q5: What types of new species can be introduced?
A5: The exotic organisms may be predators, parasites
Electric_motor (Engineering and technology)

Finally, hysteresis synchronous motors typically are (essentially) two-phase motors with a phase-shifting capacitor for one phase. They start like induction motors, but when slip rate decreases sufficiently, the rotor (a smooth cylinder) becomes temporarily magnetized. Its distributed poles make it act like a PMSM. The rotor material, like that of a common nail, will stay magnetized, but can also be demagnetized with little difficulty. Once running, the rotor poles stay in place; they do not drift.

Q1: What do hysteresis synchronous motors' rotors do when slip rate decreases?
A1: becomes temporarily magnetized
Q2: When in operation, what do hysteresis synchronous motors poles do?
A2: stay in place
Q3: What do hysteresis synchronous motors resemble at startup?
A3: induction motors
Q4: How can a hysteresis synchronous motor's rotor be described?
A4: a smooth cylinder
Q5: What do the distributed poles of a hysteresis synchronous motor resemble?
A5: PMSM
Videoconferencing (History)

Finally, in the 1990s, Internet Protocol-based videoconferencing became possible, and more efficient video compression technologies were developed, permitting desktop, or personal computer (PC)-based videoconferencing. In 1992 CU-SeeMe was developed at Cornell by Tim Dorcey et al. In 1995 the first public videoconference between North America and Africa took place, linking a technofair in San Francisco with a techno-rave and cyberdeli in Cape Town. At the Winter Olympics opening ceremony in Nagano, Japan, Seiji Ozawa conducted the Ode to Joy from Beethoven's Ninth Symphony simultaneously across five continents in near-real time.

Q1: In what decade was Internet video-conferencing made possible?
A1: 1990s
Q2: In what device was videoconferencing finally able to be used in?
A2: desktop
Q3: In what year was CU-SeeMe, a desktop-based videoconferencing tool, developed?
A3: 1992
Q4: In what year did the first public video-conference take place?
A4: 1995
Q5: What South African city participated in the first public video-conference?
A5: Cape Town
Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact (History)

Finally, on 26 June, four days after France sued for an armistice with the Third Reich, the Soviet Union issued an ultimatum demanding Bessarabia and, unexpectedly, Northern Bukovina from Romania. Two days later, the Romanians caved to the Soviet demands and the Soviets occupied the territory. The Hertza region was initially not requested by the USSR but was later occupied by force after the Romanians agreed to the initial Soviet demands. The subsequent waves of deportations began in Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina.

Q1: How many days after France sued for peace did the Romanians meet the requests of the USSR?
A1: 6
Q2: What month did France sue for peace?
A2: June
Q3: How many days did it take for the Romanians give into the Soviets requests?
A3: Two days
Labour_Party_(UK) (Geography and places)

Finance proved a major problem for the Labour Party during this period; a "cash for peerages" scandal under Blair resulted in the drying up of many major sources of donations. Declining party membership, partially due to the reduction of activists' influence upon policy-making under the reforms of Neil Kinnock and Blair, also contributed to financial problems. Between January and March 2008, the Labour Party received just over £3 million in donations and were £17 million in debt; compared to the Conservatives' £6 million in donations and £12 million in debt.

Q1: How much in contributions did the Labour party get from January to Marrch 2008?
A1: £3 million
Q2: How far was the party in debt for the same time period?
A2: £17 million
Q3: How far was the Conservative party in debt?
A3: £12 million
Norfolk_Island (Geography and places)

Financial problems and a reduction in tourism led to Norfolk Island's administration appealing to the Australian federal government for assistance in 2010. In return, the islanders were to pay income tax for the first time but would be eligible for greater welfare benefits. However, by May 2013 agreement had not been reached and islanders were having to leave to find work and welfare. An agreement was finally signed in Canberra on 12 March 2015 to replace self-government with a local council but against the wishes of the Norfolk Island government. A majority of Norfolk Islanders have objected to the Australian plan to make changes to Norfolk Island without first consulting them and allowing their say with 68% of voters against forced changes.

Q1:  What lead to Norfolk Island asking for assistance from Australia in 2010?
A1: Financial problems and a reduction in tourism
Q2: What benefit were residents of Norfolk Island told they would receive as a result of Australia's assistance?
A2: greater welfare benefits
Q3: What actually ended up happening after Norfolk Island asked Australia for help?
A3: islanders were having to leave to find work and welfare
Q4: An agreement was finally signed in Canberra on March 12, 2015, to do what for Norfolk Island?
A4: replace self-government with a local council
Q5: What percentage of Norfolk Island voters were against the changes brought by Australia?
A5: 68%
Group_(mathematics) (Mathematics)

Finite symmetry groups such as the Mathieu groups are used in coding theory, which is in turn applied in error correction of transmitted data, and in CD players. Another application is differential Galois theory, which characterizes functions having antiderivatives of a prescribed form, giving group-theoretic criteria for when solutions of certain differential equations are well-behaved.u[›] Geometric properties that remain stable under group actions are investigated in (geometric) invariant theory.

Q1: What are examples of finite symmetry groups used in coding theory?
A1: Mathieu groups
Q2: What is used for error correction of transferred data?
A2: coding theory
Q3: What describes functions having antiderivatives of a prescribed form?
A3: differential Galois theory
Q4: What concept investigates geometric elements that stay stable under group action?
A4: invariant theory
Comprehensive_school (Social sciences and society)

Finland has used comprehensive schools since the 1970s, in the sense that everyone is expected to complete the nine grades of peruskoulu, from the age 7 to 16. The division to lower comprehensive school (grades 1–6, ala-aste, alakoulu) and upper comprehensive school (grades 7–9, yläaste, yläkoulu) has been discontinued.

Q1: In what decade did Finland begin employing comprehensive schools?
A1: 1970s
Q2: What age ranges does Finnish comprehensive school cover?
A2: 7 to 16
Computer (Engineering and technology)

Firmware is the technology which has the combination of both hardware and software such as BIOS chip inside a computer. This chip (hardware) is located on the motherboard and has the BIOS set up (software) stored in it.

Q1: A BIOS chip is located where in a computer?
A1: the motherboard
Q2: What type of software is stored in a BIOS chip?
A2: BIOS set up
Planck_constant (Mathematics)

First recognized in 1900 by Max Planck, it was originally the proportionality constant between the minimal increment of energy, E, of a hypothetical electrically charged oscillator in a cavity that contained black body radiation, and the frequency, f, of its associated electromagnetic wave. In 1905 the value E, the minimal energy increment of a hypothetical oscillator, was theoretically associated by Einstein with a "quantum" or minimal element of the energy of the electromagnetic wave itself. The light quantum behaved in some respects as an electrically neutral particle, as opposed to an electromagnetic wave. It was eventually called the photon.

Q1: What is energy abbreviated to in science?
A1: E
Q2: What is frequency also known as in science?
A2: f
Q3: What term describes a small amount of element?
A3: quantum
Q4: What did the light quantum, in some ways, behave as?
A4: an electrically neutral particle
Q5: What was later termed the photon?
A5: The light quantum
Q6: When did Max Planck first recognize the value of the Planck constant?
A6: 1900
Q7: Which scientist associated the Planck constant with a quantum five years after Planck's recognition?
A7: Einstein
Q8: Instead of an electromagnetic wave, what did the light quantum behave as in some regards?
A8: an electrically neutral particle
Q9: What is the simple name given to the light quantum today?
A9: the photon
Qing_dynasty (History)

First, the Manchus had entered "China proper" because Dorgon responded decisively to Wu Sangui's appeal. Then, after capturing Beijing, instead of sacking the city as the rebels had done, Dorgon insisted, over the protests of other Manchu princes, on making it the dynastic capital and reappointing most Ming officials. Choosing Beijing as the capital had not been a straightforward decision, since no major Chinese dynasty had directly taken over its immediate predecessor's capital. Keeping the Ming capital and bureaucracy intact helped quickly stabilize the regime and sped up the conquest of the rest of the country. However, not all of Dorgon's policies were equally popular nor easily implemented.

Q1: Who made Beijing his capital?
A1: Dorgon
Q2: Whose capital was Beijing before the Manchu's?
A2: Ming
Q3: Why did Dorgon keep Beijing as his capital?
A3: stabilize the regime and sped up the conquest of the rest of the country
Qing_dynasty (History)

First, the Yongying system signaled the end of Manchu dominance in Qing military establishment. Although the Banners and Green Standard armies lingered on as a drain on resources, henceforth the Yongying corps became the Qing government's de facto first-line troops. Second, the Yongying corps were financed through provincial coffers and were led by regional commanders, weakening central government's grip on the whole country. Finally, the nature of Yongying command structure fostered nepotism and cronyism amongst its commanders, who laid the seeds of regional warlordism in the first half of the 20th century.

Q1: What entity became the main Qing troops?
A1: Yongying corps
Q2: Who paid for the Yongying?
A2: provincial coffers
Q3: Who led the Yongying?
A3: regional commanders
USB (Engineering and technology)

Firstly conceived and still used today for optical storage devices (CD-RW drives, DVD drives, etc.), several manufacturers offer external portable USB hard disk drives, or empty enclosures for disk drives. These offer performance comparable to internal drives, limited by the current number and types of attached USB devices, and by the upper limit of the USB interface (in practice about 30 MB/s for USB 2.0 and potentially 400 MB/s or more for USB 3.0). These external drives typically include a "translating device" that bridges between a drive's interface to a USB interface port. Functionally, the drive appears to the user much like an internal drive. Other competing standards for external drive connectivity include eSATA, ExpressCard, FireWire (IEEE 1394), and most recently Thunderbolt.

Q1: Several manufacturers offer what?
A1: external portable USB hard disk drives
Q2: What do external portable USB hard drive disks offer?
A2: performance comparable to internal drives
Q3: What is the most recent standard for external drive connectivity?
A3: Thunderbolt
Q4: What do the external drives typically include?
A4: a "translating device"
Gene (Natural sciences)

Firstly, flanking the open reading frame, all genes contain a regulatory sequence that is required for their expression. In order to be expressed, genes require a promoter sequence. The promoter is recognized and bound by transcription factors and RNA polymerase to initiate transcription.:7.1 A gene can have more than one promoter, resulting in messenger RNAs (mRNA) that differ in how far they extend in the 5' end. Promoter regions have a consensus sequence, however highly transcribed genes have "strong" promoter sequences that bind the transcription machinery well, whereas others have "weak" promoters that bind poorly and initiate transcription less frequently.:7.2 Eukaryotic promoter regions are much more complex and difficult to identify than prokaryotic promoters.:7.3

Q1: What do all genes contain that is required for their expression?
A1: a regulatory sequence
Q2: How is a promoter sequence recognized?
A2: by transcription factors and RNA polymerase
Q3: What results when genes have more than one promoter?
A3: messenger RNAs (mRNA) that differ in how far they extend in the 5' end
Q4: What does a "strong" promoter sequence do?
A4: bind the transcription machinery well
Q5: What does a "weak" promoter sequence do?
A5: bind poorly and initiate transcription less frequently
Endangered_Species_Act (Natural sciences)

Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) are required to create an Endangered Species Recovery Plan outlining the goals, tasks required, likely costs, and estimated timeline to recover endangered species (i.e., increase their numbers and improve their management to the point where they can be removed from the endangered list). The ESA does not specify when a recovery plan must be completed. The FWS has a policy specifying completion within three years of the species being listed, but the average time to completion is approximately six years. The annual rate of recovery plan completion increased steadily from the Ford administration (4) through Carter (9), Reagan (30), Bush I (44), and Clinton (72), but declined under Bush II (16 per year as of 9/1/06).

Q1: What four topics are required in an Endangered Species Recovery Plan?
A1: goals, tasks required, likely costs, and estimated timeline to recover endangered species
Q2: What is the time limit for completing an Endangered Species Recovery Plan?
A2: The ESA does not specify when a recovery plan must be completed.
Q3: What Recovery Plan duration the does Fish and Wildlife Service plan for in their policies?
A3: completion within three years
Q4: What is the average time of completion of an Endangered Species Recovery Plan?
A4: approximately six years
Q5: Which president had the most completed Recovery Plans during their administration?
A5: Clinton (72)
Kathmandu (Geography and places)

Five major climatic regions are found in Nepal. Of these, Kathmandu Valley is in the Warm Temperate Zone (elevation ranging from 1,200–2,300 metres (3,900–7,500 ft)), where the climate is fairly temperate, atypical for the region. This zone is followed by the Cool Temperate Zone with elevation varying between 2,100–3,300 metres (6,900–10,800 ft). Under Köppen's climate classification, portions of the city with lower elevations have a humid subtropical climate (Cwa), while portions of the city with higher elevations generally have a subtropical highland climate. In the Kathmandu Valley, which is representative of its valley's climate, the average summer temperature varies from 28–30 °C (82–86 °F). The average winter temperature is 10.1 °C (50.2 °F).

Q1: What is the Kathmandu Valley's average temperature in winter, in degrees Fahrenheit?
A1: 50.2
Q2: Along with a subtropical highland climate, what climate classification covers Kathmandu?
A2: humid subtropical climate
Q3: What is the Köppen abbreviation for a humid subtropical climate?
A3: Cwa
Q4: How many meters up is the Cool Temperate Zone?
A4: 2,100–3,300
Q5: How many significant climate regions exist in Nepal?
A5: Five
The_Blitz (History)

Five nights later, Birmingham was hit by 369 bombers from KG 54, KG 26, and KG 55. By the end of November, 1,100 bombers were available for night raids. An average of 200 were able to strike per night. This weight of attack went on for two months, with the Luftwaffe dropping 13,900 short tons (12,600 t) of bombs. In November 1940, 6,000 sorties and 23 major attacks (more than 100 tons of bombs dropped) were flown. Two heavy (50 short tons (45 t) of bombs) attacks were also flown. In December, only 11 major and five heavy attacks were made.

Q1: How many bombers hit Birmingham?
A1: 369
Q2: For how many months did the night raids continue for?
A2: two months
Q3: How many tons of bombs had to be dropped to be considered a major attack?
A3: more than 100 tons of bombs dropped
Q4: December saw how many attacks?
A4: only 11 major and five heavy attacks
Lighting (Engineering and technology)

Flares can also be used by the military to mark positions, usually for targeting, but laser-guided and GPS weapons have eliminated this need for the most part.

Q1: What can be used by military for targeting?
A1: Flares
Q2: What has eliminated the need for flares on a battlefield?
A2: laser-guided and GPS weapons
Gramophone_record (Music)

Flexible or so-called "unbreakable" records made of unusual materials were introduced by a number of manufacturers at various times during the 78 rpm era. In the UK, Nicole records, made of celluloid or a similar substance coated onto a cardboard core disc, were produced for a few years beginning in 1904, but they suffered from an exceptionally high level of surface noise. In the United States, Columbia Records introduced flexible, fiber-cored "Marconi Velvet Tone Record" pressings in 1907, but the advantages and longevity of their relatively noiseless surfaces depended on the scrupulous use of special gold-plated Marconi Needles and the product was not a success. Thin, flexible plastic records such as the German Phonycord and the British Filmophone and Goodson records appeared around 1930 but also did not last long. The contemporary French Pathé Cellodiscs, made of a very thin black plastic, which uncannily resembles the vinyl "sound sheet" magazine inserts of the 1965–1985 era, were similarly short-lived. In the US, Hit of the Week records, made of a patented translucent plastic called Durium coated on a heavy brown paper base, were introduced in early 1930. A new issue came out every week and they were sold at newsstands like a weekly magazine. Although inexpensive and commercially successful at first, they soon fell victim to the Great Depression and production in the US ended in 1932. Related Durium records continued to be made somewhat later in the UK and elsewhere, and as remarkably late as 1950 in Italy, where the name "Durium" survived far into the LP era as a trademark on ordinary vinyl records. Despite all these attempts at innovation, shellac compounds continued to be used for the overwhelming majority of commercial 78 rpm records during the lifetime of the format.

Q1: What was a major downfall of the success of Durium records?
A1: Great Depression
Q2: What year were Durium records no longer released in the US?
A2: 1932
Q3: What are most 78 rpm records made of?
A3: shellac compounds
Q4: What was a common problem found in early flexible records?
A4: surface noise
Q5: What was the thin translucent plastic most successfully used to make discs called?
A5: Durium
Myanmar (Geography and places)

Flights are available from most countries, though direct flights are limited to mainly Thai and other ASEAN airlines. According to Eleven magazine, "In the past, there were only 15 international airlines and increasing numbers of airlines have began launching direct flights from Japan, Qatar, Taiwan, South Korea, Germany and Singapore." Expansions were expected in September 2013, but yet again are mainly Thai and other Asian-based airlines according to Eleven Media Group's Eleven, "Thailand-based Nok Air and Business Airlines and Singapore-based Tiger Airline".

Q1: Can one travel by plane from any country in Myanmar ?
A1: Flights are available from most countries
Q2: Is there anyway to decrease travel time in getting to Myanmar ?
A2: direct flights are limited to mainly Thai and other ASEAN airlines
Q3: Has the travel industry considered making changes to fight plans for Myanmar ?
A3: 5 international airlines and increasing numbers of airlines have began launching direct flights from Japan, Qatar, Taiwan, South Korea, Germany and Singapore.
Q4: What airlines travel to Myanmar that currently has development plans towards expanding ? 
A4: Thailand-based Nok Air and Business Airlines and Singapore-based Tiger Airline".
Lighting (Engineering and technology)

Floodlights can be used to illuminate outdoor playing fields or work zones during nighttime hours. The most common type of floodlights are metal halide and high pressure sodium lights.

Q1: What kind of light is used to illuminate outdoor playing fields at night?
A1: Floodlights
Guinea-Bissau (Geography and places)

Flora Gomes is an internationally renowned film director; his most famous film is Nha Fala (English: My Voice). Gomes's Mortu Nega (Death Denied) (1988) was the first fiction film and the second feature film ever made in Guinea-Bissau. (The first feature film was N’tturudu, by director Umban u’Kest in 1987.) At FESPACO 1989, Mortu Nega won the prestigious Oumarou Ganda Prize. Mortu Nega is in Creole with English subtitles. In 1992, Gomes directed Udju Azul di Yonta, which was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival. Gomes has also served on the boards of many Africa-centric film festivals.

Q1: Who is an internationally renowned film director from Guinea-Bissau?
A1: Flora Gomes
Q2: What is Flora Gomes' most famous film?
A2: Nha Fala (English: My Voice)
Q3: What year was the first feature film made in Guinea-Bissau?
A3: 1987
Q4: Who directed the first feature film in Guinea-Bissau?
A4: Umban u’Kest
Q5: What prize did the film Mortu Nega win?
A5: Oumarou Ganda Prize