LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States (Social sciences and society)

When Eisenhower was elected President in 1952, he believed hiring practices and anti-discrimination laws should be decided by the states, although the administration gradually continued to desegregate the Armed Forces and the federal government.:50 The President also established the Government Contract Committee in 1953, which "conducted surveys of the racial composition of federal employees and tax-supported contractors".:50–51 The committee, chaired by Vice President Richard Nixon, had minimal outcomes in that they imposed the contractors with the primary responsibility of desegregation within their own companies and corporations.:51

Q1: Which year was Eisenhower elected President?
A1: 1952
Q2: Who did Eisenhower believe should be allowed to decide the nature of discrimination laws?
A2: the states
Q3: What was established in 1953?
A3: Government Contract Committee
Q4: What was the main purpose of the Government Contract Committee?
A4: conducted surveys of the racial composition of federal employees and tax-supported contractors
Q5: Who was the chairman of the newly established committee?
A5: Vice President Richard Nixon
Athanasius_of_Alexandria (Philosophy and religion)

When Emperor Constantine I died, Athanasius was allowed to return to his See of Alexandria. Shortly thereafter, however, Constantine's son, the new Roman Emperor Constantius II, renewed the order for Athanasius's banishment in 338. Athanasius went to Rome, where he was under the protection of Constans, the Emperor of the West. During this time, Gregory of Cappadocia was installed as the Patriarch of Alexandria, usurping the absent Athanasius. Athanasius did, however, remain in contact with his people through his annual Festal Letters, in which he also announced on which date Easter would be celebrated that year.

Q1: At what point could Athanasius return to Alexandria?
A1: When Emperor Constantine I died
Q2: Who provided for his protection while he was in Rome?
A2: Constans
Q3: Who became Patriarch in Alexandria while Athanasius was away?
A3: Gregory of Cappadocia
Q4: How did the people of Alexandria know when to celebrate Easter?
A4: Festal Letters
Q5: Who declared Athanasius to be exiled again?
A5: Constantius II
Eritrea (Natural sciences)

When Emperor Haile Selassie unilaterally dissolved the Eritrean parliament and annexed the country in 1962, the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF) waged an armed struggle for independence. The ensuing Eritrean War for Independence went on for 30 years against successive Ethiopian governments until 1991, when the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF), a successor of the ELF, defeated the Ethiopian forces in Eritrea and helped a coalition of Ethiopian rebel forces take control of the Ethiopian Capital Addis Ababa.

Q1: Who dissolved the Eritrean parliament in 1962?
A1: Emperor Haile Selassie
Q2: What does the acroynm ELF stand for?
A2: Eritrean Liberation Front
Q3: Who waged an armed struggle for independence in 1962 after Eritrea was annexed?
A3: ELF
Q4: How long did the Eritrean War for Independence last?
A4: 30 years
Q5: What is the acronym for Eritrean People's Liberation Front?
A5: EPLF
Heian_period (History)

When Emperor Kammu moved the capital to Heian-kyō (Kyōto), which remained the imperial capital for the next 1,000 years, he did so not only to strengthen imperial authority but also to improve his seat of government geopolitically. Nara was abandoned after only 70 years in part due to the ascendancy of Dōkyō and the encroaching secular power of the Buddhist institutions there. Kyōto had good river access to the sea and could be reached by land routes from the eastern provinces. The early Heian period (784–967) continued Nara culture; the Heian capital was patterned on the Chinese Tang capital at Chang'an, as was Nara, but on a larger scale than Nara. Kammu endeavoured to improve the Tang-style administrative system which was in use. Known as the ritsuryō, this system attempted to recreate the Tang imperium in Japan, despite the "tremendous differences in the levels of development between the two countries". Despite the decline of the Taika-Taihō reforms, imperial government was vigorous during the early Heian period. Indeed, Kammu's avoidance of drastic reform decreased the intensity of political struggles, and he became recognized as one of Japan's most forceful emperors.

Q1: Heian was Japan's capital for how many years?
A1: 1,000
Q2: Nara was the former capital for how many years?
A2: 70
Q3: What religion was gaining popularity in Nara?
A3: Buddhist
Q4: What time period was the early Heian era?
A4: 784–967
Q5: Kanmu modeled his government after what Chinese capital?
A5: Tang
Han_dynasty (History)

When Empress Dowager Deng died, Emperor An (r. 106–125 AD) was convinced by the accusations of the eunuchs Li Run (李閏) and Jiang Jing (江京) that Deng and her family had planned to depose him. An dismissed Deng's clan members from office, exiled them and forced many to commit suicide. After An's death, his wife, Empress Dowager Yan (d. 126 AD) placed the child Marquess of Beixiang on the throne in an attempt to retain power within her family. However, palace eunuch Sun Cheng (d. 132 AD) masterminded a successful overthrow of her regime to enthrone Emperor Shun of Han (r. 125–144 AD). Yan was placed under house arrest, her relatives were either killed or exiled, and her eunuch allies were slaughtered. The regent Liang Ji (d. 159 AD), brother of Empress Liang Na (d. 150 AD), had the brother-in-law of Consort Deng Mengnü (later empress) (d. 165 AD) killed after Deng Mengnü resisted Liang Ji's attempts to control her. Afterward, Emperor Huan employed eunuchs to depose Liang Ji, who was then forced to commit suicide.

Q1: Who had forced a large number of Empress Dowager Deng's clan members to kill themselves?
A1: Emperor An
Q2: Which person plotted to overthrew the regime of Empress Dowager Yan?
A2: Sun Cheng
Q3: Who did Emperor Huan hire to depose Liang Ji?
A3: eunuchs
Q4: Relatives of what family were exiled after Sun Cheng had overthrown the regime?
A4: Yan
Q5: How did Liang Ji die?
A5: forced to commit suicide
Estonian_language (Language and literature)

When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.

Q1: What happened to Estonia during WWII?
A1: invaded and occupied
Q2: Who invaded Estonia?
A2: Soviet Union
Q3: After the Soviet invasion what other language became the second official Estonian language?
A3: Russian
Q4: What was another country with similar immigration patterns to post Soviet Estonia?
A4: Latvia
Q5: What became more intense in the 1970's in Estonia?
A5: pressure of bilingualism
Avicenna (Language and literature)

When Ibn Sina was 22 years old, he lost his father. The Samanid dynasty came to its end in December 1004. Ibn Sina seems to have declined the offers of Mahmud of Ghazni, and proceeded westwards to Urgench in modern Turkmenistan, where the vizier, regarded as a friend of scholars, gave him a small monthly stipend. The pay was small, however, so Ibn Sina wandered from place to place through the districts of Nishapur and Merv to the borders of Khorasan, seeking an opening for his talents. Qabus, the generous ruler of Tabaristan, himself a poet and a scholar, with whom Ibn Sina had expected to find asylum, was on about that date (1012) starved to death by his troops who had revolted. Ibn Sina himself was at this time stricken by a severe illness. Finally, at Gorgan, near the Caspian Sea, Ibn Sina met with a friend, who bought a dwelling near his own house in which Ibn Sina lectured on logic and astronomy. Several of Ibn Sina's treatises were written for this patron; and the commencement of his Canon of Medicine also dates from his stay in Hyrcania.

Q1: At what age did Avicenna lose his father?
A1: 22
Q2: What dynasty ended in December 1004?
A2: The Samanid dynasty
Q3: What modern country did Ibn Sina travel to after the end of the Samanid dynasty?
A3: Turkmenistan
Q4: What is one district that Ibn Sina traveled through in search of more work?
A4: Nishapur
Q5: Who did Ibn Sina turn down in order to travel westwards after the Samanid dynasty ended?
A5: Mahmud of Ghazni
Hunting (Sports and recreation)

When Internet hunting was introduced in 2005, allowing people to hunt over the Internet using remotely controlled guns, the practice was widely criticised by hunters as violating the principles of fair chase. As a representative of the National Rifle Association (NRA) explained, "The NRA has always maintained that fair chase, being in the field with your firearm or bow, is an important element of hunting tradition. Sitting at your desk in front of your computer, clicking at a mouse, has nothing to do with hunting."

Q1: When was internet hunting introduced?
A1: 2005
Q2: How did Internet hunting allow people to hunt?
A2: using remotely controlled guns
Q3: Who criticized the practice of Internet hunting?
A3: hunters
Q4: What did hunters feel hunting over the Internet violated?
A4: principles of fair chase
Q5: What has the NRA always maintained that being in the field with your firearm is?
A5: an important element of hunting tradition
Q6: What allows people to hunt over the internet?
A6: Internet hunting
Q7: When was this type of hunting introduced?
A7: 2005
Q8: How is this type of hunting done?
A8: hunt over the Internet using remotely controlled guns
Q9: What was the principle was this type of hunting said to violate?
A9: fair chase
Q10: Who spoke on this violation?
A10: National Rifle Association (NRA)
New_Haven,_Connecticut (Geography and places)

When John DeStefano, Jr., became mayor of New Haven in 1995, he outlined a plan to transform the city into a major cultural and arts center in the Northeast, which involved investments in programs and projects other than sports franchises. As nearby Bridgeport built new sports facilities, the brutalist New Haven Coliseum rapidly deteriorated. Believing the upkeep on the venue to be a drain of tax dollars, the DeStefano administration closed the Coliseum in 2002; it was demolished in 2007. New Haven's last professional sports team, the New Haven County Cutters, left in 2009. The DeStefano administration did, however, see the construction of the New Haven Athletic Center in 1998, a 94,000-square-foot (8,700 m2) indoor athletic facility with a seating capacity of over 3,000. The NHAC, built adjacent to Hillhouse High School, is used for New Haven public schools athletics, as well as large-scale area and state sporting events; it is the largest high school indoor sports complex in the state.

Q1: What 1995 mayor of New Haven sought to reinvent the area into a northeastern hub of art and culture?
A1: John DeStefano, Jr.
Q2: What sports complex was shuttered in New Haven by the DeStefano administration in 2002? 
A2: New Haven Coliseum
Q3: What was New Haven's last professional sports team?
A3: New Haven County Cutters
Q4: What indoor sporting complex in New Haven was constructed by the DeStefano administration in 1998?
A4: New Haven Athletic Center
Q5: What is the approximate seating capacity of the New Haven Athletic Center?
A5: over 3,000
Q6: Who was the mayor for the city in the late 90s?
A6: John DeStefano, Jr
Q7: Due to the heavy upkeep, DeStefano decided to close what major infrastructure in the city?
A7: New Haven Coliseum
Q8: When was the last time New Haven had a professional sport team?
A8: 2009
Q9: In terms of capacity how big was the new constructed New Haven Athletic Center?
A9: over 3,000
John,_King_of_England (History)

When John's elder brother Richard became king in September 1189, he had already declared his intention of joining the Third Crusade. Richard set about raising the huge sums of money required for this expedition through the sale of lands, titles and appointments, and attempted to ensure that he would not face a revolt while away from his empire. John was made Count of Mortain, was married to the wealthy Isabel of Gloucester, and was given valuable lands in Lancaster and the counties of Cornwall, Derby, Devon, Dorset, Nottingham and Somerset, all with the aim of buying his loyalty to Richard whilst the king was on crusade. Richard retained royal control of key castles in these counties, thereby preventing John from accumulating too much military and political power, and, for the time being, the king named the four-year-old Arthur of Brittany as the heir to the throne. In return, John promised not to visit England for the next three years, thereby in theory giving Richard adequate time to conduct a successful crusade and return from the Levant without fear of John seizing power. Richard left political authority in England – the post of justiciar – jointly in the hands of Bishop Hugh de Puiset and William Mandeville, and made William Longchamp, the Bishop of Ely, his chancellor. Mandeville immediately died, and Longchamp took over as joint justiciar with Puiset, which would prove to be a less than satisfactory partnership. Eleanor, the queen mother, convinced Richard to allow John into England in his absence.

Q1: When did Richard become king?
A1: September 1189
Q2: Who took over as joint justiciar with Puiset after Mandeville died?
A2: Longchamp
Q3: Who convinced Richard to allow John to join into England?
A3: Eleanor
The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess (Video games)

When Link enters the Twilight Realm, the void that corrupts parts of Hyrule, he transforms into a wolf.[h] He is eventually able to transform between his Hylian and wolf forms at will. As a wolf, Link loses the ability to use his sword, shield, or any secondary items; he instead attacks by biting, and defends primarily by dodging attacks. However, "Wolf Link" gains several key advantages in return—he moves faster than he does as a human (though riding Epona is still faster) and digs holes to create new passages and uncover buried items, and has improved senses, including the ability to follow scent trails.[i] He also carries Midna, a small imp-like creature who gives him hints, uses an energy field to attack enemies, helps him jump long distances, and eventually allows Link to "warp" to any of several preset locations throughout the overworld.[j] Using Link's wolf senses, the player can see and listen to the wandering spirits of those affected by the Twilight, as well as hunt for enemy ghosts named Poes.[k]

Q1: What form does Link take in the Twilight Realm?
A1: Wolf
Q2: What is Link's main form of offense in wolf form?
A2: biting
Q3: Hostile spirits are also known as what?
A3: Poes
Q4: Who provides helpful information to Link?
A4: Midna
Q5: Link's wolf form is faster than what other form?
A5: human
Q6: What does Link transform into when he enters the Twilight Realm?
A6: Wolf
Q7: Who is Midna?
A7: small imp-like creature
Q8: What are Poes?
A8: enemy ghosts
Arsenal_F.C. (Sports and recreation)

When Nike took over from Adidas as Arsenal's kit provider in 1994, Arsenal's away colours were again changed to two-tone blue shirts and shorts. Since the advent of the lucrative replica kit market, the away kits have been changed regularly, with Arsenal usually releasing both away and third choice kits. During this period the designs have been either all blue designs, or variations on the traditional yellow and blue, such as the metallic gold and navy strip used in the 2001–02 season, the yellow and dark grey used from 2005 to 2007, and the yellow and maroon of 2010 to 2013. As of 2009, the away kit is changed every season, and the outgoing away kit becomes the third-choice kit if a new home kit is being introduced in the same year.

Q1: What manufacturer became Arsenal's uniform provider in 1994?
A1: Nike
Q2: Which brand was the kit provider prior to 1994?
A2: Adidas
Q3: To appeal to what are the kits changed regularly?
A3: replica kit market
Q4: What traditional Arsenal colors have frequently been employed for away kits?
A4: yellow and blue
Q5: Since what year has the away kit been changed every year?
A5: 2009
Nintendo_Entertainment_System (Video games)

When Nintendo released the NES in the US, the design styling was deliberately different from that of other game consoles. Nintendo wanted to distinguish its product from those of competitors and to avoid the generally poor reputation that game consoles had acquired following the video game crash of 1983. One result of this philosophy was to disguise the cartridge slot design as a front-loading zero insertion force (ZIF) cartridge socket, designed to resemble the front-loading mechanism of a VCR. The newly designed connector worked quite well when both the connector and the cartridges were clean and the pins on the connector were new. Unfortunately, the ZIF connector was not truly zero insertion force. When a user inserted the cartridge into the NES, the force of pressing the cartridge down and into place bent the contact pins slightly, as well as pressing the cartridge’s ROM board back into the cartridge itself. Frequent insertion and removal of cartridges caused the pins to wear out from repeated usage over the years and the ZIF design proved more prone to interference by dirt and dust than an industry-standard card edge connector. These design issues were not alleviated by Nintendo’s choice of materials; the console slot nickel connector springs would wear due to design and the game cartridge copper connectors were also prone to tarnishing. Many players would try to alleviate issues in the game caused by this corrosion by blowing into the cartridges, then reinserting them, which actually hurt the copper connectors by speeding up the tarnishing.

Q1: What does ZIF stand for?
A1: zero insertion force
Q2: The ZIF insertion used by Nintendo was set to emulate what device?
A2: VCR
Q3: The force of pushing in the cartridge did what to the device over eventual use?
A3: bent the contact pins slightly
Q4: What material were the connector springs made of?
A4: nickel
Q5: What material comprised the game cartridge connectors?
A5: copper
Universal_Studios (Media and drama)

When Pasternak stopped producing Durbin's pictures, and she outgrew her screen persona and pursued more dramatic roles, the studio signed 13-year-old Gloria Jean for her own series of Pasternak musicals from 1939; she went on to star with Bing Crosby, W. C. Fields, and Donald O'Connor. A popular Universal film of the late 1930s was Destry Rides Again (1939), starring James Stewart as Destry and Marlene Dietrich in her comeback role after leaving Paramount Studios.

Q1: How old was Gloria Jean in 1939?
A1: 13
Q2: Along with Donald O'Connor and Bing Crosby, with whom did Gloria Jean star?
A2: Bing Crosby
Q3: Who played Destry in Destry Rides Again?
A3: James Stewart
Q4: Prior to working at Universal, what studio employed Marlene Dietrich?
A4: Paramount Studios
Q5: In what year was Destry Rides again produced?
A5: 1939
Richard_Feynman (Mathematics)

When Richard was five years old, his mother gave birth to a younger brother, but this brother died at four weeks of age. Four years later, Richard gained a sister, Joan, and the family moved to Far Rockaway, Queens. Though separated by nine years, Joan and Richard were close, as they both shared a natural curiosity about the world. Their mother thought that women did not have the cranial capacity to comprehend such things. Despite their mother's disapproval of Joan's desire to study astronomy, Richard encouraged his sister to explore the universe. Joan eventually became an astrophysicist specializing in interactions between the Earth and the solar wind.

Q1: What happened to Feyman's younger brother?
A1: died at four weeks of age
Q2: What is Feynman's sister's name?
A2: Joan
Q3: What science displicine did Feyman encourage his sister to study?
A3: astronomy
Q4: Who was the one that pushed Joan to explore the universe?
A4: Richard
Q5: What career did Joan hold?
A5: astrophysicist
British_Empire (History)

When Russia invaded the Turkish Balkans in 1853, fears of Russian dominance in the Mediterranean and Middle East led Britain and France to invade the Crimean Peninsula to destroy Russian naval capabilities. The ensuing Crimean War (1854–56), which involved new techniques of modern warfare, and was the only global war fought between Britain and another imperial power during the Pax Britannica, was a resounding defeat for Russia. The situation remained unresolved in Central Asia for two more decades, with Britain annexing Baluchistan in 1876 and Russia annexing Kirghizia, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan. For a while it appeared that another war would be inevitable, but the two countries reached an agreement on their respective spheres of influence in the region in 1878 and on all outstanding matters in 1907 with the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente. The destruction of the Russian Navy by the Japanese at the Battle of Port Arthur during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05 also limited its threat to the British.

Q1: When did Russia invade the Turkish Balkans?
A1: 1853
Q2: What was took place in 1854-1856?
A2: Crimean War
Q3: Who lost the Crimean War?
A3: Russia
Q4: When did Britain take over Baluchistan?
A4: 1876
Q5: Which country took over Kazakhstan?
A5: Russia
Macintosh (Engineering and technology)

When Steve Jobs returned to Apple in 1997 following the company's purchase of NeXT, he ordered that the OS that had been previewed as version 7.7 be branded Mac OS 8 (in place of the never-to-appear Copland OS). Since Apple had licensed only System 7 to third parties, this move effectively ended the clone line. The decision caused significant financial losses for companies like Motorola, who produced the StarMax; Umax, who produced the SuperMac; and Power Computing, who offered several lines of Mac clones, including the PowerWave, PowerTower, and PowerTower Pro. These companies had invested substantial resources in creating their own Mac-compatible hardware. Apple bought out Power Computing's license, but allowed Umax to continue selling Mac clones until their license expired, as they had a sizeable presence in the lower-end segment that Apple did not. In September 1997 Apple extended Umax' license allowing them to sell clones with Mac OS 8, the only clone maker to do so, but with the restriction that they only sell low-end systems. Without the higher profit margins of high-end systems, however, Umax judged this would not be profitable and exited the Mac clone market in May 1998, having lost USD$36 million on the program.

Q1: Who returned to Apple in 1997?
A1: Steve Jobs
Q2: What did Steve Jobs order the OS version 7.7 to be branded as?
A2: Mac OS 8
Q3: What did the branding of the Mac OS 8 effectively end?
A3: the clone line
Q4: What effect did Mac's decision to brand the Mac OS8 have on companies such as Motorola?
A4: significant financial losses
Q5: How much money did Umax lose when it exited the low-end Mac clone market?
A5: USD$36 million