LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Roman_Republic (History)

Beginning in the summer of 54 BC, a wave of political corruption and violence swept Rome. This chaos reached a climax in January of 52 BC, when Clodius was murdered in a gang war by Milo. On 1 January 49 BC, an agent of Caesar presented an ultimatum to the senate. The ultimatum was rejected, and the senate then passed a resolution which declared that if Caesar did not lay down his arms by July of that year, he would be considered an enemy of the Republic. Meanwhile, the senators adopted Pompey as their new champion against Caesar. On 7 January of 49 BC, the senate passed a senatus consultum ultimum, which vested Pompey with dictatorial powers. Pompey's army, however, was composed largely of untested conscripts. On 10 January, Caesar crossed the Rubicon with his veteran army (in violation of Roman laws) and marched towards Rome. Caesar's rapid advance forced Pompey, the consuls and the senate to abandon Rome for Greece. Caesar entered the city unopposed.

Q1: In which year did Clodius die?
A1: 52 BC
Q2: Who was responsible for the death of Clodius?
A2: Milo
Q3: Who did the senators decide would aid them in their conflict with Caesar?
A3: Pompey
Q4: What type of powers were granted to Pompey by the senate?
A4: dictatorial
Q5: Ultimately what forced the senate to abandon Rome and flee to Greece?
A5: Caesar's rapid advance
American_Idol (Music)

Beginning in the tenth season[citation needed], permanent mentors were brought in during the live shows to help guide the contestants with their song choice and performance. Jimmy Iovine was the mentor in the tenth through twelfth seasons, former judge Randy Jackson was the mentor for the thirteenth season and Scott Borchetta was the mentor for the fourteenth and fifteenth season. The mentors regularly bring in guest mentors to aid them, including Akon, Alicia Keys, Lady Gaga, and current judge Harry Connick, Jr..

Q1: Who was a mentor to the contestants on American Idol in its thirteenth season? 
A1: Randy Jackson
Q2: Who mentored contestants in the fourteenth and fifteenth seasons of American Idol?
A2: Scott Borchetta
Q3: What two things did the mentors help the contestants with?
A3: song choice and performance
Q4: Who was the mentor for seasons 10 - 12?
A4: Jimmy Iovine
Q5: Who was the mentor for season 13?
A5: Randy Jackson
Q6: Who was the mentor for seasons 14 and 15?
A6: Scott Borchetta
Southern_Europe (Geography and places)

Beginning roughly in the 14th century in Florence, and later spreading through Europe with the development of the printing press, a Renaissance of knowledge challenged traditional doctrines in science and theology, with the Arabic texts and thought bringing about rediscovery of classical Greek and Roman knowledge.

Q1: When was the start of the period known as the Renaissance?
A1: 14th century
Q2: In what city did the Renaissance begin?
A2: Florence
Q3: What areas of knowledge were subject to much debate during the Renaissance?
A3: science and theology
Q4: The encounter with Arabic knowledge put Renaissance thinkers back in touch with the teachings of which ancient civilizations?
A4: Greek and Roman
Black_people (Language and literature)

Beginning several centuries ago, during the period of the Ottoman Empire, tens of thousands of Black Africans were brought by slave traders to plantations and agricultural areas situated between Antalya and Istanbul in present-day Turkey. Some of their descendants remained in situ, and many migrated to larger cities and towns. Other blacks slaves were transported to Crete, from where they or their descendants later reached the İzmir area through the population exchange between Greece and Turkey in 1923, or indirectly from Ayvalık in pursuit of work.

Q1: When did the slave trade begin?
A1: during the period of the Ottoman Empire
Q2: Where were the slaves brought?
A2: Antalya and Istanbul in present-day Turkey
Q3: Where did former slaves go for work once freed?
A3: İzmir area
Q4: What year did they begin to migrate to Izmir?
A4: 1923
Modern_history (Philosophy and religion)

Beginning the Age of Revolution, the American Revolution and the ensuing political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century saw the Thirteen Colonies of North America overthrow the governance of the Parliament of Great Britain, and then reject the British monarchy itself to become the sovereign United States of America. In this period the colonies first rejected the authority of the Parliament to govern them without representation, and formed self-governing independent states. The Second Continental Congress then joined together against the British to defend that self-governance in the armed conflict from 1775 to 1783 known as the American Revolutionary War (also called American War of Independence).

Q1: What event did the American revolution cause?
A1: British monarchy itself to become the sovereign United States of America.
Q2: How did the Thirteen Colonies become The United States Of America?
A2: overthrow the governance of the Parliament of Great Britain, and then reject the British monarchy
Q3: Why did the United States form independent states?
A3: the colonies first rejected the authority of the Parliament to govern them without representation
Q4: Who did the Second Continental Congress join together against?
A4: the British
Q5: What is the armed conflict form 1775 to 1783 is known as?
A5: American Revolutionary War
Idealism (Philosophy and religion)

Beginning with Immanuel Kant, German idealists such as G. W. F. Hegel, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, and Arthur Schopenhauer dominated 19th-century philosophy. This tradition, which emphasized the mental or "ideal" character of all phenomena, gave birth to idealistic and subjectivist schools ranging from British idealism to phenomenalism to existentialism. The historical influence of this branch of idealism remains central even to the schools that rejected its metaphysical assumptions, such as Marxism, pragmatism and positivism.

Q1: What was the ethnicity of Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling?
A1: German
Q2: In what century did Hegel write?
A2: 19th
Q3: Along with British idealism and existentialism, what philosophy was influenced by the German idealistic tradition?
A3: phenomenalism
Q4: Along with positivism and pragmatism, what philosophy rejected idealism's metaphysical views but what nevertheless influenced by it?
A4: Marxism
Detroit (Geography and places)

Beginning with its incorporation in 1802, Detroit has had a total of 74 mayors. Detroit's last mayor from the Republican Party was Louis Miriani, who served from 1957 to 1962. In 1973, the city elected its first black mayor, Coleman Young. Despite development efforts, his combative style during his five terms in office was not well received by many suburban residents. Mayor Dennis Archer, a former Michigan Supreme Court Justice, refocused the city's attention on redevelopment with a plan to permit three casinos downtown. By 2008, three major casino resort hotels established operations in the city.

Q1: When was Detroit incorporated?
A1: 1802
Q2: How many mayors has Detroit had?
A2: 74
Q3: Who was Detroit's last Republican mayor?
A3: Louis Miriani
Q4: Who was Detroit's first black mayor?
A4: Coleman Young
Q5: What was Dennis Archer's former occupation?
A5: Supreme Court Justice
Arena_Football_League (Sports and recreation)

Beginning with the 2003 season, the AFL made a deal with NBC to televise league games, which was renewed for another two years in 2005. In conjunction with this, the league moved the beginning of the season from May to February (the week after the NFL's Super Bowl) and scheduled most of its games on Sunday instead of Friday or Saturday as it had in the past. In 2006, because of the XX Winter Olympic Games, the Stanley Cup playoffs and the Daytona 500, NBC scaled back from weekly coverage to scattered coverage during the regular season, but committed to a full playoff schedule ending with the 20th ArenaBowl. NBC and the Arena Football League officially severed ties on June 30, 2006, having failed to reach a new broadcast deal. Las Vegas owner Jim Ferraro stated during a radio interview that the reason why a deal failed is because ESPN refused to show highlights or even mention a product being broadcast on NBC.

Q1: In what month did the AFL season originally begin?
A1: May
Q2: After the TV deal, when was the start of the AFL season moved to?
A2: February
Q3: What days were AFL games traditionally played on before the TV deal?
A3: Friday or Saturday
Q4: When were most of the AFL's games played after the TV deal?
A4: Sunday
Q5: On what date did the business relationship between the AFL and NBC end?
A5: June 30, 2006
Mandolin (Music)

Beginning with the Paris Exposition of 1878, the instrument's popularity rebounded. The Exposition was one of many stops for a popular new performing group the Estudiantes Españoles (Spanish Students). They danced and played guitars, violins and the bandurria, which became confused with the mandolin. Along with the energy and awareness created by the day's hit sensation, a wave of Italian mandolinists travelled Europe in the 1880s and 1890s and in the United States by the mid-1880s, playing and teaching their instrument. The instrument's popularity continued to increase during the 1890s and mandolin popularity was at its height in "early years of the 20th century." Thousands were taking up the instrument as a pastime, and it became an instrument of society, taken up by young men and women. Mandolin orchestras were formed worldwide, incorporating not only the mandolin family of instruments, but also guitars, double basses and zithers.

Q1: When did the mandolin's poplarity rebound?
A1: Beginning with the Paris Exposition of 1878
Q2: What popular group performed at the Paris Exposition? 
A2: Estudiantes Españoles (Spanish Students)
Q3: When was it said that mandolin's popularity peaked? 
A3: early years of the 20th century.
Q4: What instrument was the mandolin confused with during the 1880's? 
A4: bandurria
Q5: What were formed worldwide that incorporated the mandolin famiy of instruments and other instruments as well?
A5: Mandolin orchestras
The_Bronx (Geography and places)

Beginning with the advent of beat match DJing, in which Bronx DJs (Disc Jockeys) including Grandmaster Flash, Afrika Bambaataa and DJ Kool Herc extended the breaks of funk records, a major new musical genre emerged that sought to isolate the percussion breaks of hit funk, disco and soul songs. As hip hop's popularity grew, performers began speaking ("rapping") in sync with the beats, and became known as MCs or emcees. The Herculoids, made up of Herc, Coke La Rock, and DJ Clark Kent, were the earliest to gain major fame. The Bronx is referred to in hip-hop slang as "The Boogie Down Bronx", or just "The Boogie Down". This was hip-hop pioneer KRS-One's inspiration for his thought provoking group BDP, or Boogie Down Productions, which included DJ Scott La Rock. Newer hip hop artists from the Bronx include Big Pun, Lord Toriq and Peter Gunz, Camp Lo, Swizz Beatz, Drag-On, Fat Joe, Terror Squad and Corey Gunz.

Q1: Who were the Herculoids?
A1: Herc, Coke La Rock, and DJ Clark Kent
Q2: What is 'The Boogie Down'?
A2: The Bronx
Q3: Where is Big Pun from?
A3: the Bronx
Q4: What types of music did hip hop emerge from?
A4: funk, disco and soul
Q5: Who started BDP?
A5: KRS-One
Solar_energy (Natural sciences)

Beginning with the surge in coal use which accompanied the Industrial Revolution, energy consumption has steadily transitioned from wood and biomass to fossil fuels. The early development of solar technologies starting in the 1860s was driven by an expectation that coal would soon become scarce. However, development of solar technologies stagnated in the early 20th century in the face of the increasing availability, economy, and utility of coal and petroleum.

Q1: Why was solar technology developed in the 1860s?
A1: driven by an expectation that coal would soon become scarce
Q2: What slowed the development of solar technologies in the early 20th century?
A2: increasing availability, economy, and utility of coal and petroleum
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 (History)

Behavior that may be optimal for an individual (e.g., saving more during adverse economic conditions) can be detrimental if too many individuals pursue the same behavior, as ultimately one person's consumption is another person's income. Too many consumers attempting to save (or pay down debt) simultaneously is called the paradox of thrift and can cause or deepen a recession. Economist Hyman Minsky also described a "paradox of deleveraging" as financial institutions that have too much leverage (debt relative to equity) cannot all de-leverage simultaneously without significant declines in the value of their assets.

Q1: What is an example of something that can be detrimental if too many individuals pursue the same behavior?
A1: saving more during adverse economic conditions
Q2: What is it called when too many consumers attempt to save or pay down debt at the same time?
A2: paradox of thrift
Q3: What will happen if too many consumers save or pay down debt simultaneously?
A3: can cause or deepen a recession
Q4: Who is the economist who described a "paradox of deleveraging"?
A4: Hyman Minsky
Q5: Financial institutions cannot all de-leverage simultaneously without a decline in the value of this?
A5: their assets
Professional_wrestling (Sports and recreation)

Behind the scenes, the bookers in a company will place the title on the most accomplished performer, or those the bookers believe will generate fan interest in terms of event attendance and television viewership. Lower ranked titles may also be used on the performers who show potential, thus allowing them greater exposure to the audience. However other circumstances may also determine the use of a championship. A combination of a championship's lineage, the caliber of performers as champion, and the frequency and manner of title changes, dictates the audience's perception of the title's quality, significance and reputation.

Q1: What happens behind the scenes of a match?
A1: bookers in a company will place the title on the most accomplished performer,
Q2: Who else do bookers focus on? 
A2: those the bookers believe will generate fan interest
Q3: Who might they use a lower ranked title on?
A3: performers who show potential
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System (Engineering and technology)

BeiDou-1 is an experimental regional navigation system, which consists of four satellites (three working satellites and one backup satellite). The satellites themselves were based on the Chinese DFH-3 geostationary communications satellite and had a launch weight of 1,000 kilograms (2,200 pounds) each.

Q1: What is the BeiDou-1?
A1: an experimental regional navigation system
Q2: The BeiDou-1 is made up of how may satellites?
A2: four
Q3: How many satellites in the BeiDou-1 system is used for back up?
A3: one
Q4: What were the BeiDou-1 system satellites based on?
A4: the Chinese DFH-3 geostationary communications satellite
Q5: How much did each satellite for the BeiDou-1 system weigh?
A5: 1,000 kilograms (2,200 pounds) each
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System (Engineering and technology)

BeiDou-2 (formerly known as COMPASS) is not an extension to the older BeiDou-1, but rather supersedes it outright. The new system will be a constellation of 35 satellites, which include 5 geostationary orbit satellites for backward compatibility with BeiDou-1, and 30 non-geostationary satellites (27 in medium Earth orbit and 3 in inclined geosynchronous orbit), that will offer complete coverage of the globe.

Q1: What was the BeiDou-2 system previously known as?
A1: COMPASS
Q2: How may satellites will the BeiDou-2 system have?
A2: 35
Q3: How many geostationary orbit satellites will the BeiDou-2 system have?
A3: 5
Q4: How many non-geostationary orbit satellites will the BeiDou-2 system have?
A4: 30
Q5: What is the purpose of the geostationary orbit satellites in the BeiDou-2 system?
A5: for backward compatibility with BeiDou-1
2008_Sichuan_earthquake (Natural sciences)

Beijing accepted the aid of the Tzu Chi Foundation from Taiwan late on May 13. Tzu Chi was the first force from outside the People's Republic of China to join the rescue effort. China stated it would gratefully accept international help to cope with the quake.

Q1: What Foundation wanted to aid Beijing?
A1: the Tzu Chi Foundation
Q2: Where was the foundation based?
A2: Taiwan
Q3: When did Beijing agree to aid from Taiwan?
A3: late on May 13
Q4: What was the first group from outside China to join in the relief operation?
A4: Tzu Chi Foundation
Q5: What did China say they would accept?
A5: international help
Q6: What did China need help for?
A6: cope with the quake
Palermo (Unknown)

Being Sicily's administrative capital, Palermo is a centre for much of the region's finance, tourism and commerce. The city currently hosts an international airport, and Palermo's economic growth over the years has brought the opening of many new businesses. The economy mainly relies on tourism and services, but also has commerce, shipbuilding and agriculture. The city, however, still has high unemployment levels, high corruption and a significant black market empire (Palermo being the home of the Sicilian Mafia). Even though the city still suffers from widespread corruption, inefficient bureaucracy and organized crime, the level of crime in Palermo's has gone down dramatically, unemployment has been decreasing and many new, profitable opportunities for growth (especially regarding tourism) have been introduced, making the city safer and better to live in.

Q1: On what does Palermo's economy rely?
A1: tourism and services, but also has commerce, shipbuilding and agriculture
Q2: Palermo is the home of what mafia?
A2: the Sicilian Mafia
Q3: Has the level of crime in Palermo risen or declined?
A3: gone down dramatically
Q4: What negative qualities does Palermo carry?
A4: high unemployment levels, high corruption and a significant black market empire
Strasbourg (Geography and places)

Being a city on the Ill and close to the Rhine, Strasbourg has always been an important centre of fluvial navigation, as is attested by archeological findings. In 1682 the Canal de la Bruche was added to the river navigations, initially to provide transport for sandstone from quarries in the Vosges for use in the fortification of the city. That canal has since closed, but the subsequent Canal du Rhone au Rhine, Canal de la Marne au Rhin and Grand Canal d'Alsace are still in use, as is the important activity of the Port autonome de Strasbourg. Water tourism inside the city proper attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists yearly.

Q1: What year was the Canal de la Bruche added? 
A1: 1682
Q2: What kind of tourism attracts tourists yearly?
A2: Water tourism
Q3: What river is Strasbourg by?
A3: Rhine
Black_people (Language and literature)

Being identified as either "black" or "white" in Australia during the 19th and early 20th centuries was critical in one's employment and social prospects. Various state-based Aboriginal Protection Boards were established which had virtually complete control over the lives of Indigenous Australians – where they lived, their employment, marriage, education and included the power to separate children from their parents. Aborigines were not allowed to vote and were often confined to reserves and forced into low paid or effectively slave labour. The social position of mixed-race or "half-caste" individuals varied over time. A 1913 report by Sir Baldwin Spencer states that:

Q1: What was established to control the Indigenous Australians?
A1: Aboriginal Protection Boards
Q2: What did the Aboriginal Protection Boards control?
A2: where they lived, their employment, marriage, education and included the power to separate children from their parents.
Q3: Were Aborigines allowed to vote?
A3: Aborigines were not allowed to vote
Q4: Who reported how the Aborigines were treated?
A4: Sir Baldwin Spencer
Q5: What year was his report from?
A5: 1913
Galicia_(Spain) (Geography and places)

Being located on the Atlantic coastline, Galicia has a very mild climate for the latitude and the marine influence affects most of the province to various degrees. In comparison to similar latitudes on the other side of the Atlantic, winters are exceptionally mild, with consistently heavy rainfall. Snow is rare due to temperatures rarely dropping below freezing. The warmest coastal station of Pontevedra has a yearly mean temperature of 14.8 °C (58.6 °F). Ourense located somewhat inland is only slightly warmer with 14.9 °C (58.8 °F). Due to its exposed north-westerly location, the climate is still very cool by Spanish standards. In coastal areas summers are temperered, averaging around 25 °C (77 °F) in Vigo. Temperatures are further cooler in A Coruña, with a subdued 22.8 °C (73.0 °F) normal. Temperatures do however soar in inland areas such as Ourense, where days above 30 °C (86 °F) are very regular.

Q1: Where is Galicia's warmest coastal station?
A1: Pontevedra
Q2: What about inland?
A2: Ourense
Nanjing (Geography and places)

Being one of the four ancient capitals of China, Nanjing has always been a cultural centre attracting intellectuals from all over the country. In the Tang and Song dynasties, Nanjing was a place where poets gathered and composed poems reminiscent of its luxurious past; during the Ming and Qing dynasties, the city was the official imperial examination centre (Jiangnan Examination Hall) for the Jiangnan region, again acting as a hub where different thoughts and opinions converged and thrived.

Q1: How many ancient capitals does China have in its history?
A1: four
Q2: What type of people does Nanjing draw because of its culture?
A2: intellectuals
Q3: In what dynasties did poets congregate in Nanjing?
A3: the Tang and Song dynasties
Q4: When did the city serve as the official imperial examination centre?
A4: the Ming and Qing dynasties
Q5: What was the name of the examination centre?
A5: Jiangnan Examination Hall
Quran (Philosophy and religion)

Belief is a fundamental aspect of morality in the Quran, and scholars have tried to determine the semantic contents of "belief" and "believer" in the Quran. The ethico-legal concepts and exhortations dealing with righteous conduct are linked to a profound awareness of God, thereby emphasizing the importance of faith, accountability, and the belief in each human's ultimate encounter with God. People are invited to perform acts of charity, especially for the needy. Believers who "spend of their wealth by night and by day, in secret and in public" are promised that they "shall have their reward with their Lord; on them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve". It also affirms family life by legislating on matters of marriage, divorce, and inheritance. A number of practices, such as usury and gambling, are prohibited. The Quran is one of the fundamental sources of Islamic law (sharia). Some formal religious practices receive significant attention in the Quran including the formal prayers (salat) and fasting in the month of Ramadan. As for the manner in which the prayer is to be conducted, the Quran refers to prostration. The term for charity, zakat, literally means purification. Charity, according to the Quran, is a means of self-purification.

Q1: What mental state is the foundation of morality as described by the Quran?
A1: Belief
Q2: What finance-related acts are forbidden by the Quran?
A2: usury and gambling
Q3: What is the name of the formal prayer proscribed by the Quran?
A3: salat
Q4: Which month is designated for fasting in the Quran?
A4: Ramadan
Q5: The Quran uses a term that also means purification for what social act?
A5: charity