LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
London (Geography and places)

London's first and only cable car, known as the Emirates Air Line, opened in June 2012. Crossing the River Thames, linking Greenwich Peninsula and the Royal Docks in the east of the city, the cable car is integrated with London's Oyster Card ticketing system, although special fares are charged. Costing £60 million to build, it carries over 3,500 passengers every day, although this is very much lower than its capacity. Similar to the Santander Cycles bike hire scheme, the cable car is sponsored in a 10-year deal by the airline Emirates.

Q1: What is the name of London' bike-for-hire operation?
A1: Santander Cycles
Q2: When did the single cable car operating in London begin service?
A2: June 2012
Q3: Who is the current sponsor of London's cable car operation?
A3: the airline Emirates
Q4: What was the approximate cost to build the Emirates Airline Cable Car?
A4: £60
Q5: Roughly how many passengers travel daily on London's cable car?
A5: 3,500
London (Geography and places)

London's largest industry is finance, and its financial exports make it a large contributor to the UK's balance of payments. Around 325,000 people were employed in financial services in London until mid-2007. London has over 480 overseas banks, more than any other city in the world. Over 85 percent (3.2 million) of the employed population of greater London works in the services industries. Because of its prominent global role, London's economy had been affected by the Late-2000s financial crisis. However, by 2010 the City has recovered; put in place new regulatory powers, proceeded to regain lost ground and re-established London's economic dominance. The City of London is home to the Bank of England, London Stock Exchange, and Lloyd's of London insurance market.

Q1: What is the name of the world-famous insurance market based in London?
A1: Lloyd's of London
Q2: What is the largest industry in London?
A2: finance
Q3: What is the UK's central bank known as?
A3: the Bank of England
Q4: Prior to mid-2007, approximately how many people in London had jobs in the financial sector?
A4: 325,000
Q5: How many banks does London operate overseas?
A5: 480
London (Geography and places)

London's most popular sport is football and it has fourteen League football clubs, including five in the Premier League: Arsenal, Chelsea, Crystal Palace, Tottenham Hotspur, and West Ham United. Among other professional teams based in London include Fulham, Queens Park Rangers, Millwall and Charlton Athletic. In May 2012, Chelsea became the first London club to win the UEFA Champions League. Aside from Arsenal, Chelsea and Tottenham, none of the other London clubs have ever won the national league title.

Q1: What is London's most popular athletic sport?
A1: football
Q2: How many of the football clubs in the Premier League are based in London?
A2: five
Q3: When did the Chelsea Football Club win the UEFA Champions League title?
A3: May 2012
Q4: How many professional football clubs call London their home?
A4: fourteen
Q5: Besides the Arsenal, Chelsea, and Tottenham football clubs, how many London-based football club have won a national league titie?
A5: none
Detroit (Geography and places)

Long a major population center and site of worldwide automobile manufacturing, Detroit has suffered a long economic decline produced by numerous factors. Like many industrial American cities, Detroit reached its population peak in the 1950 census. The peak population was 1.8 million people. Following suburbanization, industrial restructuring, and loss of jobs (as described above), by the 2010 census, the city had less than 40 percent of that number, with just over 700,000 residents. The city has declined in population in each census since 1950.

Q1: In which year did Detroit's population peak?
A1: 1950
Q2: What was the population of Detroit in 1950?
A2: 1.8 million
Q3: By how much in percent has the population of Detroit declined since 1950?
A3: 40
Q4: What was the population of Detroit in 2010?
A4: 700,000
Endangered_Species_Act (Natural sciences)

Long before the exemption is considered by the Endangered Species Committee, the Forest Service, and either the FWS or the NMFS will have consulted on the biological implications of the timber harvest. The consultation can be informal, to determine if harm may occur; and then formal if the harm is believed to be likely. The questions to be answered in these consultations are whether the species will be harmed, whether the habitat will be harmed and if the action will aid or hinder the recovery of the listed species.

Q1: Who reviews exemption considerations before the Endangered Species committee?
A1: the Forest Service, and either the FWS or the NMFS
Q2: During informal consultation, what is the goal?
A2: to determine if harm may occur
Q3: What prompts the need for formal consultation?
A3: if the harm is believed to be likely
Q4: What considerations are weighed during the consultations?
A4: whether the species will be harmed, whether the habitat will be harmed and if the action will aid or hinder the recovery
Bird_migration (Natural sciences)

Long distance migrants are believed to disperse as young birds and form attachments to potential breeding sites and to favourite wintering sites. Once the site attachment is made they show high site-fidelity, visiting the same wintering sites year after year.

Q1: When do long distance migrants disperse?
A1: as young birds
Q2: What do young birds form attachments to?
A2: potential breeding sites
Q3: What else do young birds form attachments to?
A3: wintering sites
Q4: What happens when the site attachment is made?
A4: they show high site-fidelity
Q5: Where do migrating birds visit?
A5: the same wintering sites year after year
Classical_music (Music)

Longer works are often divided into self-contained pieces, called movements, often with contrasting characters or moods. For instance, symphonies written during the Classical period are usually divided into four movements: (1) an opening Allegro in sonata form, (2) a slow movement, (3) a minuet or scherzo, and (4) a final Allegro. These movements can then be further broken down into a hierarchy of smaller units: first sections, then periods, and finally phrases.

Q1: What are self-contained pieces in longer works called?
A1: movements
Q2: How many movements are symphonies written in the Classical period usually divided into?
A2: four
Q3: What, typically, is the speed of the second movement in a classical piece?
A3: slow
Q4: A movement broken up further is called what?
A4: sections
Q5: The final movement of a classical piece is usually called what?
A5: Allegro
Zhejiang (Geography and places)

Longjing tea (also called dragon well tea), originating in Hangzhou, is one of the most prestigious, if not the most prestigious Chinese tea. Hangzhou is also renowned for its silk umbrellas and hand fans. Zhejiang cuisine (itself subdivided into many traditions, including Hangzhou cuisine) is one of the eight great traditions of Chinese cuisine.

Q1: What is Longjing tea also called?
A1: dragon well tea
Q2: Where does Longjing tea originate from?
A2: Hangzhou
Q3: What type of umbrellas is Hangzhou known for?
A3: silk
Q4: What type of fans is Hangzhou known for?
A4: hand
Q5: Zhejiang cuisine is one of how many great traditions of Chinese cuisine?
A5: eight
Liberia (History)

Longstanding political tensions from the 27 year rule of William Tubman resulted in a military coup in 1980 that overthrew the leadership soon after his death, marking the beginning of political instability. Five years of military rule by the People's Redemption Council and five years of civilian rule by the National Democratic Party of Liberia were followed by the First and Second Liberian Civil Wars. These resulted in the deaths and displacement of more than half a million people and devastated Liberia's economy. A peace agreement in 2003 led to democratic elections in 2005. Recovery proceeds but about 85% of the population live below the international poverty line.

Q1: How long did william tubman rule?
A1: 27 year
Q2: In what year did a military coupe overthrow leadership leading to william tubmans death?
A2: 1980
Q3: How long was the rule of the peoples redemption council?
A3: five years
Q4: How long was the rule of the national democratic party?
A4: five years
Q5: What did the liberian civil war result in?
A5: the deaths and displacement of more than half a million people and devastated Liberia's economy.
Antenna_(radio) (Engineering and technology)

Loop antennas consist of a loop or coil of wire. Loops with circumference of a wavelength or larger act similarly to dipole antennas. However loops small in comparison to a wavelength act differently. They interact with the magnetic field of the radio wave instead of the electric field as other antennas do, and so are relatively insensitive to nearby electrical noise. However they have low radiation resistance, and so are inefficient for transmitting. They are used as receiving antennas at low frequencies, and also as direction finding antennas.

Q1: What type of antenna can be formed by a circular segment of wire?
A1: Loop antennas
Q2: What is a loop antenna compared with to determine its beahvior?
A2: circumference of a wavelength
Q3: If you needed to place an antenna somewhere with a large amount of interference, which type would be best?
A3: loops small
Q4: Why would this type be good for receiving but not transmtting?
A4: low radiation resistance
Q5: What else would be an effective application of this antenna type?
A5: direction finding
Great_power (History)

Lord Castlereagh, the British Foreign Secretary, first used the term in its diplomatic context, in a letter sent on February 13, 1814: "It affords me great satisfaction to acquaint you that there is every prospect of the Congress terminating with a general accord and Guarantee between the Great powers of Europe, with a determination to support the arrangement agreed upon, and to turn the general influence and if necessary the general arms against the Power that shall first attempt to disturb the Continental peace."

Q1: When did Lord Castlereagh first use the term Great Powers?
A1: in a letter sent on February 13, 1814
Q2: What position did Lord Castlereagh hold?
A2: British Foreign Secretary
Q3: What did Castlereagh determine as the last resort of great power's influence?
A3: if necessary the general arms against the Power that shall first attempt to disturb the Continental peace
Qing_dynasty (History)

Losing the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895 was a watershed. Japan, a country long regarded by the Chinese as little more than an upstart nation of pirates, annihilated the Qing government's modernized Beiyang Fleet, then deemed to be the strongest naval force in Asia. The Japanese victory occurred a mere three decades after the Meiji Restoration set a feudal Japan on course to emulate the Western nations in their economic and technological achievements. Finally, in December 1894, the Qing government took concrete steps to reform military institutions and to re-train selected units in westernized drills, tactics and weaponry. These units were collectively called the New Army. The most successful of these was the Beiyang Army under the overall supervision and control of a former Huai Army commander, General Yuan Shikai, who used his position to build networks of loyal officers and eventually become President of the Republic of China.

Q1: Who beat the Chinese in the First Sino-Japanese War?
A1: Japan
Q2: Which fleet did the Japanese destroy?
A2: Beiyang Fleet
Q3: When did the Qing decide to modernize their military?
A3: 1894
Q4: What was the new modern army called?
A4: the New Army
Q5: Who became the President of the Republic of China?
A5: General Yuan Shikai
Data_compression (Engineering and technology)

Lossless audio compression produces a representation of digital data that decompress to an exact digital duplicate of the original audio stream, unlike playback from lossy compression techniques such as Vorbis and MP3. Compression ratios are around 50–60% of original size, which is similar to those for generic lossless data compression. Lossless compression is unable to attain high compression ratios due to the complexity of waveforms and the rapid changes in sound forms. Codecs like FLAC, Shorten and TTA use linear prediction to estimate the spectrum of the signal. Many of these algorithms use convolution with the filter [-1 1] to slightly whiten or flatten the spectrum, thereby allowing traditional lossless compression to work more efficiently. The process is reversed upon decompression.

Q1: What produces a representation of digital data that decompresses?
A1: Lossless audio compression
Q2: What are around 50-60% of the original size?
A2: Compression ratios
Q3: What compression cannot attain high compression ratios?
A3: Lossless
Data_compression (Engineering and technology)

Lossless data compression algorithms usually exploit statistical redundancy to represent data without losing any information, so that the process is reversible. Lossless compression is possible because most real-world data exhibits statistical redundancy. For example, an image may have areas of colour that do not change over several pixels; instead of coding "red pixel, red pixel, ..." the data may be encoded as "279 red pixels". This is a basic example of run-length encoding; there are many schemes to reduce file size by eliminating redundancy.

Q1: What usually exploits statistical redundancy?
A1: Lossless data compression algorithms
Q2: What represents statistical redundancy?
A2: Lossless compression
Q3: What may have colors that do not change over several pixels?
A3: an image
Data_compression (Engineering and technology)

Lossy audio compression is used in a wide range of applications. In addition to the direct applications (mp3 players or computers), digitally compressed audio streams are used in most video DVDs, digital television, streaming media on the internet, satellite and cable radio, and increasingly in terrestrial radio broadcasts. Lossy compression typically achieves far greater compression than lossless compression (data of 5 percent to 20 percent of the original stream, rather than 50 percent to 60 percent), by discarding less-critical data.

Q1: What compression is used in a lot of applications?
A1: Lossy
Q2: What is used in most video DVDs?
A2: digitally compressed audio streams
Q3: What compression usually achieves far greater compression then lossless? 
A3: Lossy
Data_compression (Engineering and technology)

Lossy data compression is the converse of lossless data compression. In these schemes, some loss of information is acceptable. Dropping nonessential detail from the data source can save storage space. Lossy data compression schemes are designed by research on how people perceive the data in question. For example, the human eye is more sensitive to subtle variations in luminance than it is to the variations in color. JPEG image compression works in part by rounding off nonessential bits of information. There is a corresponding trade-off between preserving information and reducing size. A number of popular compression formats exploit these perceptual differences, including those used in music files, images, and video.

Q1: What type of data compression is the converse of lossless date data compression?
A1: Lossy
Q2: What can save storage space?
A2: Dropping nonessential detail from the data source
Q3: What helps by eliminating off nonessential bits of information?
A3: JPEG image compression
John_von_Neumann (Mathematics)

Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim described von Neumann as the "fastest mind I ever met", and Jacob Bronowski wrote "He was the cleverest man I ever knew, without exception. He was a genius." George Pólya, whose lectures at ETH Zürich von Neumann attended as a student, said "Johnny was the only student I was ever afraid of. If in the course of a lecture I stated an unsolved problem, the chances were he'd come to me at the end of the lecture with the complete solution scribbled on a slip of paper." Halmos recounts a story told by Nicholas Metropolis, concerning the speed of von Neumann's calculations, when somebody asked von Neumann to solve the famous fly puzzle:

Q1: How did Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim describe von Neumann? 
A1: "fastest mind I ever met",
Q2: What did Jacob Bronowski think of von Neumann?
A2: He was the cleverest man I ever knew, without exception. He was a genius.
Q3: What did Lecturer Polya think about von Nuemann?
A3: Johnny was the only student I was ever afraid of.
Paris (Geography and places)

Louis XIV distrusted the Parisians and moved his court to Versailles in 1682, but his reign also saw an unprecedented flourishing of the arts and sciences in Paris. The Comédie-Française, the Academy of Painting, and the French Academy of Sciences were founded and made their headquarters in the city. To show that the city was safe against attack, he had the city walls demolished, replacing them with Grands Boulevards. To leave monuments to his reign, he built the Collège des Quatre-Nations, Place Vendôme, Place des Victoires, and began Les Invalides.

Q1: In what year did Louis XIV move his court to Versailles?
A1: 1682
Q2: What monuments did Louis XIV have constructed?
A2: Collège des Quatre-Nations, Place Vendôme, Place des Victoires, and began Les Invalides.
Q3: What was the reason behind demolishing the city walls?
A3: To show that the city was safe against attack
Q4: In what city was the French Academy of Science founded
A4: Paris
Paris (Geography and places)

Louis XVI and the royal family were brought to Paris and made virtual prisoners within the Tuileries Palace. In 1793, as the revolution turned more and more radical, the king, queen, and the mayor were guillotined, along with more than 16,000 others (throughout France), during the Reign of Terror. The property of the aristocracy and the church was nationalised, and the city's churches were closed, sold or demolished. A succession of revolutionary factions ruled Paris until 9 November 1799 (coup d'état du 18 brumaire), when Napoléon Bonaparte seized power as First Consul.

Q1: Where did Louis XVI and his family live?
A1: Tuileries Palace
Q2: When did Napoleon Bonaparte gain power as the First Consul?
A2: 9 November 1799
Q3: Approximately how many people were executed during the Reign of Terror?
A3: 16,000
Edmund_Burke (History)

Louis XVI translated the Reflections "from end to end" into French. Fellow Whig MPs Richard Sheridan and Charles James Fox, disagreed with Burke and split with him. Fox thought the Reflections to be "in very bad taste" and "favouring Tory principles". Other Whigs such as the Duke of Portland and Earl Fitzwilliam privately agreed with Burke, but did not wish for a public breach with their Whig colleagues. Burke wrote on 29 November 1790: "I have received from the Duke of Portland, Lord Fitzwilliam, the Duke of Devonshire, Lord John Cavendish, Montagu (Frederick Montagu MP), and a long et cetera of the old Stamina of the Whiggs a most full approbation of the principles of that work and a kind indulgence to the execution". The Duke of Portland said in 1791 that when anyone criticised the Reflections to him, he informed them that he had recommended the book to his sons as containing the true Whig creed.

Q1: Who re-translated the Reflections into French?
A1: Louis XVI
Q2: Which British ministers disagreed with Burke's Reflections?
A2: Richard Sheridan and Charles James Fox
Q3: What political party was Charles James Fox?
A3: Whig
Q4: What political party was Earl Fitzwilliam?
A4: Whigs
Q5: What political party was Richard Sheridan?
A5: Whig
Late_Middle_Ages (History)

Louis did not leave a son as heir after his death in 1382. Instead, he named as his heir the young prince Sigismund of Luxemburg, who was 11 years old. The Hungarian nobility did not accept his claim, and the result was an internal war. Sigismund eventually achieved total control of Hungary and established his court in Buda and Visegrád. Both palaces were rebuilt and improved, and were considered the richest of the time in Europe. Inheriting the throne of Bohemia and the Holy Roman Empire, Sigismund continued conducting his politics from Hungary, but he was kept busy fighting the Hussites and the Ottoman Empire, which was becoming a menace to Europe in the beginning of the 15th century.

Q1: In what year did Louis die?
A1: 1382
Q2: Who did Louis name as his heir?
A2: Sigismund of Luxemburg
Q3: How old was Sigismund of Luxemburg when he was named heir?
A3: 11
Q4: Upon taking the throne of Hungary where did Sigismund establish his court?
A4: Buda and Visegrád
Q5: What was the result of the Hungarian nobility's refusal to accept Sigismund claim as Louis' heir?
A5: internal war
Strasbourg (Geography and places)

Louis' advisors believed that, as long as Strasbourg remained independent, it would endanger the King's newly annexed territories in Alsace, and, that to defend these large rural lands effectively, a garrison had to be placed in towns such as Strasbourg. Indeed, the bridge over the Rhine at Strasbourg had been used repeatedly by Imperial (Holy Roman Empire) forces, and three times during the Franco-Dutch War Strasbourg had served as a gateway for Imperial invasions into Alsace. In September 1681 Louis' forces, though lacking a clear casus belli, surrounded the city with overwhelming force. After some negotiation, Louis marched into the city unopposed on 30 September 1681 and proclaimed its annexation.

Q1: How many times was the Rhines bridge used during the Franco-Dutch War?
A1: three
Q2: When did Louis surround the city with considerable force?
A2: September 1681
Q3: When did Louis march into the city unopposed and proclaimed its annexation?
A3: 30 September 1681
Paris (Geography and places)

Louis-Philippe was overthrown by a popular uprising in the streets of Paris in 1848. His successor, Napoleon III, and the newly appointed prefect of the Seine, Georges-Eugène Haussmann, launched a gigantic public works project to build wide new boulevards, a new opera house, a central market, new aqueducts, sewers, and parks, including the Bois de Boulogne and Bois de Vincennes. In 1860, Napoleon III also annexed the surrounding towns and created eight new arrondissements, expanding Paris to its current limits.

Q1: In what year was Louis-Phillipe over thrown?
A1: 1848
Q2: In what year did Napoleon III create new arrondissements?
A2: 1860
Q3: Who was Napoleon III's prefect of the Siene?
A3: Georges-Eugène Haussmann
USB (Engineering and technology)

Low-bandwidth devices are supported with a special PID value, PRE. This marks the beginning of a low-bandwidth packet, and is used by hubs that normally do not send full-bandwidth packets to low-bandwidth devices. Since all PID bytes include four 0 bits, they leave the bus in the full-bandwidth K state, which is the same as the low-bandwidth J state. It is followed by a brief pause, during which hubs enable their low-bandwidth outputs, already idling in the J state. Then a low-bandwidth packet follows, beginning with a sync sequence and PID byte, and ending with a brief period of SE0. Full-bandwidth devices other than hubs can simply ignore the PRE packet and its low-bandwidth contents, until the final SE0 indicates that a new packet follows.

Q1: Low-bandwidth devices are supported with what?
A1: a special PID value, PRE
Q2: All PID bytes include how many 0 bits?
A2: four 0 bits
Q3:  Full-bandwidth devices other than hubs can what?
A3: simply ignore the PRE packet and its low-bandwidth contents