LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Macintosh (Engineering and technology)

Apple discontinued the use of PowerPC microprocessors in 2006. At WWDC 2005, Steve Jobs announced this transition, revealing that Mac OS X was always developed to run on both the Intel and PowerPC architectures. All new Macs now use x86 processors made by Intel, and some were renamed as a result. Intel-based Macs running OS X 10.6 and below (support has been discontinued since 10.7) can run pre-existing software developed for PowerPC using an emulator called Rosetta, although at noticeably slower speeds than native programs. However, the Classic environment is unavailable on the Intel architecture. Intel chips introduced the potential to run the Microsoft Windows operating system natively on Apple hardware, without emulation software such as Virtual PC. In March 2006, a group of hackers announced that they were able to run Windows XP on an Intel-based Mac. The group released their software as open source and has posted it for download on their website. On April 5, 2006, Apple announced the availability of the public beta of Boot Camp, software that allows owners of Intel-based Macs to install Windows XP on their machines; later versions added support for Windows Vista and Windows 7. Classic was discontinued in Mac OS X 10.5, and Boot Camp became a standard feature on Intel-based Macs.

Q1: When did Apple discontinue the use of PowerPC microprocessors?
A1: 2006
Q2: Who announced the capability to run Windows XP on an Intel-based Mac in 2006?
A2: a group of hackers
Q3: How did hackers release their software for running Windows on Macs?
A3: for download on their website
Q4: When did Apple announce software that would allow Windows XP to be run on Intel-based Macs?
A4: April 5, 2006
Q5: What is the name of the software that Apple introduced for running Windows XP?
A5: Boot Camp
Macintosh (Engineering and technology)

Apple has generally dominated the premium PC market, having a 91 percent market share for PCs priced at more than $1,000 in 2009, according to NPD. The Macintosh took 45 percent of operating profits in the PC industry during Q4 2012, compared to 13 percent for Dell, seven percent for Hewlett Packard, six percent for Lenovo and Asus, and one percent for Acer. While sales of the Macintosh have largely held steady, in comparison to Apple's sales of the iPhone and iPad which increased significantly during the 2010s, Macintosh computers still enjoy high margins on a per unit basis, with the majority being their MacBooks that are focused on the ultraportable niche that is the most profitable and only growing segment of PCs. It also helped that the Macintosh lineup is simple, updated on a yearly schedule, and consistent across both Apple retail stores, and authorized resellers where they have a special "store within a store" section to distinguish them from Windows PCs. In contrast, Windows PC manufacturers generally have a wide range of offerings, selling only a portion through retail with a full selection on the web, and often with limited-time or region-specific models. The Macintosh ranked third on the "list of intended brands for desktop purchases" for the 2011 holiday season, then moved up to second in 2012 by displacing Hewlett Packard, and in 2013 took the top spot ahead of Dell.

Q1: According to NPD, who has generally dominated the premium PC market?
A1: Apple
Q2: What was Macintosh ranked on the "list of intended brands for desktop purchases" for the 2011 holiday season?
A2: third
Q3: Who did Macintosh displace from 2nd place on the 2012 holiday season "list of intended brands for desktop purchases"?
A3: Hewlett Packard
Q4: Who did Macintosh displace from 1st place on the 2013 holiday season "list of intended brands for desktop purchases"?
A4: Dell
Q5: Which of Apple's products is focused on the ultraportable niche of PC's?
A5: MacBooks
IPod (Engineering and technology)

Apple introduced a new 8-pin dock connector, named Lightning, on September 12, 2012 with their announcement of the iPhone 5, the fifth generation iPod Touch, and the seventh generation iPod Nano, which all feature it. The new connector replaces the older 30-pin dock connector used by older iPods, iPhones, and iPads. Apple Lightning cables have pins on both sides of the plug so it can be inserted with either side facing up.

Q1: What new connector did Apple unveil on September 12, 2012?
A1: Lightning
Q2: What other Apple product was unveiled on September 12, 2012?
A2: seventh generation iPod Nano
Q3: How man pins did the pre-Lightning dock connecter use?
A3: 30
Q4: How many pins did the Lightning connector have?
A4: 8
Q5: On how many sides of the Lightning connector are the pins located?
A5: both sides
Q6: What's Apple's code name for the newer 8-pin dock connector?
A6: Lightning
Q7: What was the first iPod Touch generation to feature the Lightning connector?
A7: fifth generation
Macintosh (Engineering and technology)

Apple released the Macintosh Plus on January 10, 1986, for a price of US$2,600. It offered one megabyte of RAM, easily expandable to four megabytes by the use of socketed RAM boards. It also featured a SCSI parallel interface, allowing up to seven peripherals—such as hard drives and scanners—to be attached to the machine. Its floppy drive was increased to an 800 kB capacity. The Mac Plus was an immediate success and remained in production, unchanged, until October 15, 1990; on sale for just over four years and ten months, it was the longest-lived Macintosh in Apple's history. In September 1986, Apple introduced the Macintosh Programmer's Workshop, or MPW, an application that allowed software developers to create software for Macintosh on Macintosh, rather than cross compiling from a Lisa. In August 1987, Apple unveiled HyperCard and MultiFinder, which added cooperative multitasking to the Macintosh. Apple began bundling both with every Macintosh.

Q1: What was the longest-lived Macintosh in Apple's history while it was in production?
A1: The Mac Plus
Q2: How long did the Mac Plus remain in production, unchanged?
A2: just over four years and ten months
Q3: In 1986, what did Apple introduce to allow developers to create software for Macintosh on Macintosh?
A3: Macintosh Programmer's Workshop
Q4: What did Apple's HyerCard and MultiFinder add to the Macintosh?
A4: cooperative multitasking
Q5: After their unveiling in 1987, what did Apple begin bundling with every Macintosh?
A5: HyperCard and MultiFinder
Macintosh (Engineering and technology)

Apple spent $2.5 million purchasing all 39 advertising pages in a special, post-election issue of Newsweek, and ran a "Test Drive a Macintosh" promotion, in which potential buyers with a credit card could take home a Macintosh for 24 hours and return it to a dealer afterwards. While 200,000 people participated, dealers disliked the promotion, the supply of computers was insufficient for demand, and many were returned in such a bad condition that they could no longer be sold. This marketing campaign caused CEO John Sculley to raise the price from US$1,995 to US$2,495 (about $5,200 when adjusted for inflation in 2010). The computer sold well, nonetheless, reportedly outselling the IBM PCjr which also began shipping early that year. By April 1984 the company sold 50,000 Macintoshes, and hoped for 70,000 by early May and almost 250,000 by the end of the year.

Q1: How much did Apple spend to advertise in a special post-election issue of Newsweek?
A1: $2.5 million
Q2: What was the name of the big promotion Apple ran in the special edition of Newsweek?
A2: "Test Drive a Macintosh"
Q3: What did Apple allow potential buyers to take home and try for 24 hours?
A3: a Macintosh
Q4: How were many computers returned during the Test Drive a Macintosh promotion that made them unsellable?
A4: a bad condition
Q5: Who was the CEO of Apple during the Test Drive a Macintosh promotion?
A5: John Sculley
Macintosh (Engineering and technology)

Apple was initially reluctant to embrace mice with multiple buttons and scroll wheels. Macs did not natively support pointing devices that featured multiple buttons, even from third parties, until Mac OS X arrived in 2001. Apple continued to offer only single button mice, in both wired and Bluetooth wireless versions, until August 2005, when it introduced the Mighty Mouse. While it looked like a traditional one-button mouse, it actually had four buttons and a scroll ball, capable of independent x- and y-axis movement. A Bluetooth version followed in July 2006. In October 2009, Apple introduced the Magic Mouse, which uses multi-touch gesture recognition (similar to that of the iPhone) instead of a physical scroll wheel or ball. It is available only in a wireless configuration, but the wired Mighty Mouse (re-branded as "Apple Mouse") is still available as an alternative. Since 2010, Apple has also offered the Magic Trackpad as a means to control Macintosh desktop computers in a way similar to laptops.

Q1: Who was initially reluctant to embrace mice with multiple buttons and scroll wheels?
A1: Apple
Q2: What was the name of the 1st multiple button mouse introduced by Apple?
A2: Mighty Mouse
Q3: How many buttons did the Mighty Mouse have?
A3: four
Q4: What did Apple introduce to take the place of a physical scroll wheel in 2009?
A4: multi-touch gesture recognition
Q5: What Apple mouse 1st used multi-touch gesture recognition?
A5: Magic Mouse
LaserDisc (Engineering and technology)

Apple's HyperCard scripting language provided Macintosh computer users with a means to design databases of slides, animation, video and sounds from LaserDiscs and then to create interfaces for users to play specific content from the disc through software called LaserStacks. User-created "stacks" were shared and were especially popular in education where teacher-generated stacks were used to access discs ranging from art collections to basic biological processes. Commercially available stacks were also popular with the Voyager company being possibly the most successful distributor.

Q1: Which of Apple's programming languages allowed users to ceatively manipulate LaserDiscs?
A1: HyperCard
Q2: What did LaserStacks software enable Mac users to do?
A2: play specific content from the disc
Q3: Where were "stacks" created with the LaserStack software used?
A3: in education
Q4: Which commercial company was LaserStack's most successful distributor?
A4: Voyager
Web_browser (Engineering and technology)

Apple's Safari had its first beta release in January 2003; as of April 2011, it had a dominant share of Apple-based web browsing, accounting for just over 7% of the entire browser market.

Q1: When was the first beta release for Safari?
A1: January 2003
Q2: Who created Safari?
A2: Apple
IPod (Engineering and technology)

Apple's application to the United States Patent and Trademark Office for a patent on "rotational user inputs", as used on the iPod interface, received a third "non-final rejection" (NFR) in August 2005. Also in August 2005, Creative Technology, one of Apple's main rivals in the MP3 player market, announced that it held a patent on part of the music selection interface used by the iPod line, which Creative Technology dubbed the "Zen Patent", granted on August 9, 2005. On May 15, 2006, Creative filed another suit against Apple with the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. Creative also asked the United States International Trade Commission to investigate whether Apple was breaching U.S. trade laws by importing iPods into the United States.

Q1: What interface component did Apple attempt to patent in 2005?
A1: rotational user inputs
Q2: When did Apple receive a decision on its attempt to patent rotational user inputs?
A2: August 2005
Q3: Which competitor sued Apple over rights to part of the software user interface?
A3: Creative Technology
Q4: What was the name of the patent over which Creative asserted its ownership?
A4: Zen Patent
Q5: From which entity did Creative request an investigation into Apple importing their devices to the US?
A5: United States International Trade Commission
Q6: What interface feature did Apple unsuccessfully try to patent?
A6: rotational user inputs
Q7: Which rival company sued Apple in 2005 and 2006?
A7: Creative Technology
IPod (Engineering and technology)

Apple's iTunes software (and other alternative software) can be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars, to the devices supporting these features from computers using certain versions of Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows operating systems.

Q1: What Apple program is used to communicate between computers and portable devices?
A1: iTunes
Q2: Which operating systems are compatible with iTunes?
A2: Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows
Q3: What's the name of the software used to manage music and other media on Apple devices?
A3: iTunes
Electric_motor (Engineering and technology)

Application of electric motors revolutionized industry. Industrial processes were no longer limited by power transmission using line shafts, belts, compressed air or hydraulic pressure. Instead every machine could be equipped with its own electric motor, providing easy control at the point of use, and improving power transmission efficiency. Electric motors applied in agriculture eliminated human and animal muscle power from such tasks as handling grain or pumping water. Household uses of electric motors reduced heavy labor in the home and made higher standards of convenience, comfort and safety possible. Today, electric motors stand for more than half of the electric energy consumption in the US.

Q1: How much energy do electric motors use in the modern United States?
A1: more than half
Q2: In what domain did electric motors reduce reliance on humans and animals?
A2: agriculture
Q3: Besides shafts, belts and compressed air, what did electric motors reduce the need for?
A3: hydraulic pressure
Q4: Where did electric motors improve convenience and safety?
A4: in the home
Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas (History)

Application of the term "Indian" originated with Christopher Columbus, who, in his search for Asia, thought that he had arrived in the East Indies. The Americas came to be known as the "West Indies", a name still used to refer to the islands of the Caribbean Sea. This led to the names "Indies" and "Indian", which implied some kind of racial or cultural unity among the aboriginal peoples of the Americas. This unifying concept, codified in law, religion, and politics, was not originally accepted by indigenous peoples but has been embraced by many over the last two centuries.[citation needed] Even though the term "Indian" does not include the Aleuts, Inuit, or Yupik peoples, these groups are considered indigenous peoples of the Americas.

Q1: What incorrect term for the indigenous population originated with Christopher Columbus? 
A1: Indian
Q2: Where did Columbus believe he had arrived?
A2: East Indies
Q3: Because of Columbus' mistake, the Americas came to be known as what?
A3: West Indies
Q4: What is implied by the global term of "Indian"?
A4: some kind of racial or cultural unity
Q5: Despite fitting under the umbrella label of "Indian", Aleuts, Inuit and Yupik peoples are still considered to be what to the Americas?
A5: indigenous
Anthropology (Social sciences and society)

Applied Anthropology refers to the application of the method and theory of anthropology to the analysis and solution of practical problems. It is a, "complex of related, research-based, instrumental methods which produce change or stability in specific cultural systems through the provision of data, initiation of direct action, and/or the formulation of policy". More simply, applied anthropology is the practical side of anthropological research; it includes researcher involvement and activism within the participating community. It is closely related to Development anthropology (distinct from the more critical Anthropology of development).

Q1: What type of anthropology is used to analyse and find solutions to real world problems?
A1: Applied
Q2: What do the instrumental methods of applied anthropology produce?
A2: change or stability
Q3: What type of action does applied anthropology initiate?
A3: direct
Q4: What side of anthropology is applied anthropology?
A4: the practical side
Q5: Included in applied anthropology is researcher involvement as well as activism in what communities?
A5: participating
Prime_minister (Social sciences and society)

Appointment of the prime minister of France requires no approval by the parliament either, but the parliament may force the resignation of the government. In these systems, it is possible for the president and the prime minister to be from different political parties if the legislature is controlled by a party different from that of the president. When it arises, such a state of affairs is usually referred to as (political) cohabitation.

Q1: What is the term for a situation in which the president and prime minister come from different political parties?
A1: cohabitation
Q2: What can the French parliament cause in order to oust the prime minister?
A2: resignation of the government
Order_of_the_British_Empire (History)

Appointments to the Order of the British Empire were at first made on the nomination of the self-governing Dominions of the Empire, the Viceroy of India, and the colonial governors, as well as on nominations from within the United Kingdom. As the Empire evolved into the Commonwealth, nominations continued to come from the Commonwealth realms, in which the monarch remained head of state. These overseas nominations have been discontinued in realms that have established their own Orders—such as the Order of Australia, the Order of Canada, and the New Zealand Order of Merit—but members of the Order are still appointed in the British Overseas Territories.

Q1: How were the appointments to the Order of the British Empire made?
A1: nomination of the self-governing Dominions of the Empire, the Viceroy of India, and the colonial governors
Q2: What evolved as the Commonwealth nominations continued?
A2: Empire
Q3: What remained the head of state of the British Empire?
A3: the monarch
Q4: Why did the oversea nominations discontinue?
A4: established their own Orders
Q5: What countries established new orders?
A5: Order of Australia, the Order of Canada, and the New Zealand Order of Merit
Order_of_the_British_Empire (History)

Appointments to the Order of the British Empire were discontinued in those Commonwealth realms that established a national system of honours and awards such as the Order of Australia, the Order of Canada, and the New Zealand Order of Merit. In many of these systems, the different levels of award and honour reflect the Imperial system they replaced. Canada, Australia, and New Zealand all have (in increasing level of precedence) Members of, Officers of, and Companions to (rather than Commanders of) their respective orders, with both Australia and New Zealand having Knights and Dames as their highest classes.

Q1: Who was discontinued in the Commonwealth realms?
A1: Appointments to the Order of the British Empire
Q2: Who established a national system of honours and awards?
A2: Order of Australia, the Order of Canada, and the New Zealand Order of Merit
Q3: How were the different levels of award and honour reflected the imperial system?
A3: Canada, Australia, and New Zealand
Q4: What were the highest class?
A4: Knights and Dames
Guinea-Bissau (Geography and places)

Approximately 10% of the country's population belong to the Christian community, and 40% continue to hold Indigenous beliefs. These statistics can be misleading, however, as many residents practice syncretic forms of Islamic and Christian faiths, combining their practices with traditional African beliefs.

Q1: What percentage of the population is Christian?
A1: Approximately 10%
Q2: What percentage of the population continues to hold indigenous beliefs?
A2: 40%
Q3: What forms of Islamic and Christian faiths do many residents practice?
A3: syncretic
Q4: What do many residents combine with Islamic and Christian practices?
A4: traditional African beliefs
Central_African_Republic (Geography and places)

Approximately 10,000 years ago, desertification forced hunter-gatherer societies south into the Sahel regions of northern Central Africa, where some groups settled and began farming as part of the Neolithic Revolution. Initial farming of white yam progressed into millet and sorghum, and before 3000 BC the domestication of African oil palm improved the groups' nutrition and allowed for expansion of the local populations. Bananas arrived in the region and added an important source of carbohydrates to the diet; they were also used in the production of alcoholic beverages.[when?] This Agricultural Revolution, combined with a "Fish-stew Revolution", in which fishing began to take place, and the use of boats, allowed for the transportation of goods. Products were often moved in ceramic pots, which are the first known examples of artistic expression from the region's inhabitants.

Q1: How long ago did people start living in the area?
A1: Approximately 10,000 years ago
Q2: What agricultural job did people settling in the area perform?
A2: farming
Q3: What vegetation helped populations expand?
A3: African oil palm
Q4: What was an imported food that provided most of the carbohydrates?
A4: Bananas
Q5: What important protein helped with expansion of the inhabitants?
A5: Fish
Black_people (Language and literature)

Approximately 12 million Africans were shipped to the Americas during the Atlantic slave trade from 1492 to 1888, with 11.5 million of those shipped to South America and the Caribbean. Brazil was the largest importer in the Americas, with 5.5 million African slaves imported, followed by the British Caribbean with 2.76 million, the Spanish Caribbean and Spanish Mainland with 1.59 million Africans, and the French Caribbean with 1.32 million. Today their descendants number approximately 150 million in South America and the Caribbean. In addition to skin color, other physical characteristics such as facial features and hair texture are often variously used in classifying peoples as black in South America and the Caribbean. In South America and the Caribbean, classification as black is also closely tied to social status and socioeconomic variables, especially in light of social conceptions of "blanqueamiento" (racial whitening) and related concepts.

Q1: How many Africans were shipped to the US between 1492 to 1888?
A1: 12 million
Q2: How many were shipped to South America and the Caribbean?
A2: 11.5 million
Q3: How many slaves were imported by Brazil?
A3: 5.5 million
Q4: How many slaves were imported by the British Caribbean?
A4: 2.76 million
Q5: How is black identified in South America?
A5: closely tied to social status and socioeconomic variables,
Canadian_Armed_Forces (Warfare)

Approximately 26,000 citizen soldiers, sailors, and airmen and women, trained to the level of and interchangeable with their Regular Force counterparts, and posted to CAF operations or duties on a casual or ongoing basis, make up the Primary Reserve. This group is represented, though not commanded, at NDHQ by the Chief of Reserves and Cadets, who is usually a major general or rear admiral, and is divided into four components that are each operationally and administratively responsible to its corresponding environmental command in the Regular Force – the Naval Reserve (NAVRES), Land Force Reserve (LFR), and Air Reserve (AIRRES) – in addition to one force that does not fall under an environmental command, the Health Services Reserve under the Canadian Forces Health Services Group.

Q1: Who commands the reserves?
A1: Chief of Reserves and Cadets
Q2: What are some of the components of the reserve force?
A2: the Naval Reserve (NAVRES), Land Force Reserve (LFR), and Air Reserve (AIRRES)