LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Brain (Natural sciences)

The brains of vertebrates are made of very soft tissue. Living brain tissue is pinkish on the outside and mostly white on the inside, with subtle variations in color. Vertebrate brains are surrounded by a system of connective tissue membranes called meninges that separate the skull from the brain. Blood vessels enter the central nervous system through holes in the meningeal layers. The cells in the blood vessel walls are joined tightly to one another, forming the blood–brain barrier, which blocks the passage of many toxins and pathogens (though at the same time blocking antibodies and some drugs, thereby presenting special challenges in treatment of diseases of the brain).

Q1: Brain tissue that is living is what color on the outside?
A1: pinkish
Q2: The color of the brain inside is what?
A2: white
Q3: Brains are surrounded by what system of tissues?
A3: meninges
Q4: Meninges separate what structure from the brain?
A4: the skull
Q5: The blood-brain barrier is made up of what?
A5: cells in the blood vessel walls
Middle_Ages (History)

The breakup of the Carolingian Empire was accompanied by invasions, migrations, and raids by external foes. The Atlantic and northern shores were harassed by the Vikings, who also raided the British Isles and settled there as well as in Iceland. In 911, the Viking chieftain Rollo (d. c. 931) received permission from the Frankish King Charles the Simple (r. 898–922) to settle in what became Normandy.[Q] The eastern parts of the Frankish kingdoms, especially Germany and Italy, were under continual Magyar assault until the invader's defeat at the Battle of Lechfeld in 955. The breakup of the Abbasid dynasty meant that the Islamic world fragmented into smaller political states, some of which began expanding into Italy and Sicily, as well as over the Pyrenees into the southern parts of the Frankish kingdoms.

Q1: What group settled in Iceland during this period?
A1: the Vikings
Q2: Who was king of the Franks in 899?
A2: Charles the Simple
Q3: In what region of modern-day France did the Vikings settle?
A3: Normandy
Q4: What group was defeated at the Battle of Lechfeld?
A4: Magyar
Q5: In what year did the Battle of Lechfeld occur?
A5: 955
Dog (Natural sciences)

The breed with the shortest lifespan (among breeds for which there is a questionnaire survey with a reasonable sample size) is the Dogue de Bordeaux, with a median longevity of about 5.2 years, but several breeds, including Miniature Bull Terriers, Bloodhounds, and Irish Wolfhounds are nearly as short-lived, with median longevities of 6 to 7 years.

Q1: What is the canine breed with shortest median lifespan?
A1: Dogue de Bordeaux
Q2: What is the median length of life for the canine breed that lives the least amount of years?
A2: 5.2 years
Q3: What is the average lifespan of an Irish Wolfhound?
A3: 6 to 7 years.
Q4: Which dog has the shortest lifespan?
A4: Dogue de Bordeaux
Q5: What is the average lifespan for a Dogue de Borddeaux?
A5: 5.2 years
Beer (Agriculture, food, and drink)

The brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. More than 133 billion litres (35 billion gallons) are sold per year—producing total global revenues of $294.5 billion (£147.7 billion) in 2006. The history of breweries has been one of absorbing smaller breweries in order to ensure economy of scale. In 2002 South African Breweries bought the North American Miller Brewing Company to found SABMiller, becoming the second largest brewery, after North American Anheuser-Bush. In 2004 the Belgian Interbrew was the third largest brewery by volume and the Brazilian AmBev was the fifth largest. They merged into InBev, becoming the largest brewery. In 2007, SABMiller surpassed InBev and Anheuser-Bush when it acquired Royal Grolsch, brewer of Dutch premium beer brand Grolsch in 2007. In 2008, InBev (the second-largest) bought Anheuser-Busch (the third largest), the new Anheuser-Busch InBev company became again the largest brewer in the world. As of 2015[update] AB InBev is the largest brewery, with SABMiller second, and Heineken International third.

Q1: How many liters of beer are bought and sold every year?
A1: More than 133 billion
Q2: How much revenue did beer bring in in 2006?
A2: $294.5 billion
Q3: What year was the brewing Company SABMiller founded?
A3: 2002
Q4: What company acquired the Anheuser-Busch brewing Company in 2008?
A4: InBev
Q5: What was the largest brewing company in the world in 2015?
A5: AB InBev
Napoleon (History)

The brief peace in Europe allowed Napoleon to focus on the French colonies abroad. Saint-Domingue had managed to acquire a high level of political autonomy during the Revolutionary Wars, with Toussaint Louverture installing himself as de facto dictator by 1801. Napoleon saw his chance to recuperate the formerly wealthy colony when he signed the Treaty of Amiens. During the Revolution, the National Convention voted to abolish slavery in February 1794. Under the terms of Amiens, however, Napoleon agreed to appease British demands by not abolishing slavery in any colonies where the 1794 decree had never been implemented. The resulting Law of 20 May never applied to colonies like Guadeloupe or Guyane, even though rogue generals and other officials used the pretext of peace as an opportunity to reinstate slavery in some of these places. The Law of 20 May officially restored the slave trade to the Caribbean colonies, not slavery itself. Napoleon sent an expedition under General Leclerc designed to reassert control over Sainte-Domingue. Although the French managed to capture Toussaint Louverture, the expedition failed when high rates of disease crippled the French army. In May 1803, the last 8000 French troops left the island and the slaves proclaimed an independent republic that they called Haïti in 1804. Seeing the failure of his colonial efforts, Napoleon decided in 1803 to sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States, instantly doubling the size of the U.S. The selling price in the Louisiana Purchase was less than three cents per acre, a total of $15 million.

Q1: During the short peace in Europe, where did Napoleon turn his focus?
A1: the French colonies abroad
Q2: During the Revolutionary War, which French colony had moved towards political independence?
A2: Saint-Domingue
Q3:  Who was the de facto ruler of Saint-Domingue in 1801?
A3: Toussaint Louverture
Q4: In February of what year did the national Convention vote to get rid of slavery?
A4: 1794
Q5: What was the name of the French general who led the forces that attempted to regain control of Sainte-Domingue?
A5: Leclerc
The_Blitz (History)

The brief success of the Communists also fed into the hands of the British Union of Fascists (BUF). Anti-Semitic attitudes became widespread, particularly in London. Rumours that Jewish support was underpinning the Communist surge were frequent. Rumours that Jews were inflating prices, were responsible for the Black Market, were the first to panic under attack (even the cause of the panic), and secured the best shelters via underhanded methods, were also widespread. Moreover, there was also racial antagonism between the small Black, Indian and Jewish communities. However, the feared race riots did not transpire despite the mixing of different peoples into confined areas.

Q1: The success of the Communists helped what political group?
A1: British Union of Fascists (BUF)
Q2: Where did anti-semitic attitude spread primarily?
A2: particularly in London
Q3: What was one the rumors that Jews were doing in regard to shelters?
A3: secured the best shelters via underhanded methods
Q4: What was feared would happen when different races were mixed in shelters?
A4: race riots
Communication (Language and literature)

The broad field of animal communication encompasses most of the issues in ethology. Animal communication can be defined as any behavior of one animal that affects the current or future behavior of another animal. The study of animal communication, called zoo semiotics (distinguishable from anthroposemiotics, the study of human communication) has played an important part in the development of ethology, sociobiology, and the study of animal cognition. Animal communication, and indeed the understanding of the animal world in general, is a rapidly growing field, and even in the 21st century so far, a great share of prior understanding related to diverse fields such as personal symbolic name use, animal emotions, animal culture and learning, and even sexual conduct, long thought to be well understood, has been revolutionized. A special field of animal communication has been investigated in more detail such as vibrational communication.

Q1: How is animal communication defined?
A1: any behavior of one animal that affects the current or future behavior of another animal
Q2: What is the study of animal communication called?
A2: zoo semiotics
Q3: What is the study of human communication called?
A3: anthroposemiotics
Q4: What are some fields of knowledge concerning the animal world that have been revolutionizes in the 21st century?
A4: animal emotions, animal culture and learning
Q5: What field of communication has been investigated more thoroughly?
A5: vibrational communication
Electric_motor (Engineering and technology)

The brushless wound-rotor synchronous doubly-fed (BWRSDF) machine is the only electric machine with a truly dual ported transformer circuit topology (i.e., both ports independently excited with no short-circuited port). The dual ported transformer circuit topology is known to be unstable and requires a multiphase slip-ring-brush assembly to propagate limited power to the rotor winding set. If a precision means were available to instantaneously control torque angle and slip for synchronous operation during motoring or generating while simultaneously providing brushless power to the rotor winding set, the active current of the BWRSDF machine would be independent of the reactive impedance of the transformer circuit and bursts of torque significantly higher than the maximum operating torque and far beyond the practical capability of any other type of electric machine would be realizable. Torque bursts greater than eight times operating torque have been calculated.

Q1: What is the only device with dual ported transformer circuit topology?
A1: brushless wound-rotor
Q2: What is a brushless wound-rotor?
A2: both ports independently excited with no short-circuited port
Q3: How does a brushless wound rotor achieve stability?
A3: a multiphase slip-ring-brush assembly to propagate limited power to the rotor winding set
Q4: What is the theoretical maximum of a brushless wound rotor?
A4: eight times operating torque
Paris (Geography and places)

The budget of the city for 2013 was €7.6 billion, of which 5.4 billion went for city administration, while €2.2 billion went for investment. The largest part of the budget (38 percent) went for public housing and urbanism projects; 15 percent for roads and transport; 8 percent for schools (which are mostly financed by the state budget); 5 percent for parks and gardens; and 4 percent for culture. The main source of income for the city is direct taxes (35 percent), supplemented by a 13-percent real estate tax; 19 percent of the budget comes in a transfer from the national government.

Q1: What was the budget of the city in 2013
A1: €7.6 billion
Q2: How much of the budget was allocated for city administration?
A2: 5.4 billion
Q3: What percent of the budget goes towards public housing and urbanism projects?
A3: 38
Q4: What is the main source of income for Paris?
A4: taxes
Q5: What percentage of the budget is allocated for schools?
A5: 8
Windows_8 (Engineering and technology)

The build was released for download later in the day in standard 32-bit and 64-bit versions, plus a special 64-bit version which included SDKs and developer tools (Visual Studio Express and Expression Blend) for developing Metro-style apps. The Windows Store was announced during the presentation, but was not available in this build. According to Microsoft, there were about 535,000 downloads of the developer preview within the first 12 hours of its release. Originally set to expire on March 11, 2012, in February 2012 the Developer Preview's expiry date was changed to January 15, 2013.

Q1: What 3 versions of the build did Microsoft first release?
A1: standard 32-bit and 64-bit versions, plus a special 64-bit version which included SDKs and developer tools
Q2: What developer tools did the build have?
A2: Visual Studio Express and Expression Blend
Q3: How many downloads occured in the first 12 hours?
A3: 535,000
Q4: When did the developer preview expire?
A4: January 15, 2013
Q5: When was the Developer preview initially intended to expire?
A5: March 11, 2012
Freemasonry (Unknown)

The bulk of Masonic ritual consists of degree ceremonies. Candidates for Freemasonry are progressively initiated into Freemasonry, first in the degree of Entered Apprentice. Some time later, in a separate ceremony, they will be passed to the degree of Fellowcraft, and finally they will be raised to the degree of Master Mason. In all of these ceremonies, the candidate is entrusted with passwords, signs and grips peculiar to his new rank. Another ceremony is the annual installation of the Master and officers of the Lodge. In some jurisdictions Installed Master is valued as a separate rank, with its own secrets to distinguish its members. In other jurisdictions, the grade is not recognised, and no inner ceremony conveys new secrets during the installation of a new Master of the Lodge.

Q1: What do most masonic rituals consist of?
A1: degree ceremonies
Q2: What is the first degree of Masonry?
A2: Entered Apprentice
Q3: What is the second degree of Masonry?
A3: Fellowcraft
Q4: What is the final degree of Masonry?
A4: Master Mason
Q5: What things come with each new degree in Freemasonry?
A5: passwords, signs and grips
Q6: The bulk of Masonic rituals consist of what?
A6: degree ceremonies
Q7: What is the first of degree ceremonies?
A7: the degree of Entered Apprentice
Q8: What comes after the degree of Entered Apprentice?
A8: the degree of Fellowcraft
Q9: What is the final degree in the Freemasons?
A9: the degree of Master Mason
Q10: What annual ceremony do Freemasons have?
A10: the annual installation of the Master and officers of the Lodge
Alaska (Geography and places)

The bulk of remaining commercial flight offerings come from small regional commuter airlines such as Ravn Alaska, PenAir, and Frontier Flying Service. The smallest towns and villages must rely on scheduled or chartered bush flying services using general aviation aircraft such as the Cessna Caravan, the most popular aircraft in use in the state. Much of this service can be attributed to the Alaska bypass mail program which subsidizes bulk mail delivery to Alaskan rural communities. The program requires 70% of that subsidy to go to carriers who offer passenger service to the communities.

Q1: What are the names of a few regional Alaskan airlines?
A1: Ravn Alaska, PenAir, and Frontier Flying Service
Q2: What model is the most popular aicraft in Alaska?
A2: Cessna Caravan
Q3: How much of the subsidized bulk mail delivery program goes to carriers who offer passenger service?
A3: 70%
Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation (History)

The bureau's first official task was visiting and making surveys of the houses of prostitution in preparation for enforcing the "White Slave Traffic Act," or Mann Act, passed on June 25, 1910. In 1932, it was renamed the United States Bureau of Investigation. The following year it was linked to the Bureau of Prohibition and rechristened the Division of Investigation (DOI) before finally becoming an independent service within the Department of Justice in 1935. In the same year, its name was officially changed from the Division of Investigation to the present-day Federal Bureau of Investigation, or FBI.

Q1: What was the bureau's first task?
A1: visiting and making surveys of the houses of prostitution
Q2: What act was the bureau initially tasked with enforcing?
A2: White Slave Traffic Act
Q3: What was the other formal name of the Mann Act?
A3: White Slave Traffic Act
Q4: When was the Mann Act passed?
A4: June 25, 1910
Q5: When was the bureau renamed?
A5: In 1932,
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 (History)

The bursting of the U.S. (United States) housing bubble, which peaked in 2004, caused the values of securities tied to U.S. real estate pricing to plummet, damaging financial institutions globally. The financial crisis was triggered by a complex interplay of policies that encouraged home ownership, providing easier access to loans for subprime borrowers, overvaluation of bundled subprime mortgages based on the theory that housing prices would continue to escalate, questionable trading practices on behalf of both buyers and sellers, compensation structures that prioritize short-term deal flow over long-term value creation, and a lack of adequate capital holdings from banks and insurance companies to back the financial commitments they were making. Questions regarding bank solvency, declines in credit availability and damaged investor confidence had an impact on global stock markets, where securities suffered large losses during 2008 and early 2009. Economies worldwide slowed during this period, as credit tightened and international trade declined. Governments and central banks responded with unprecedented fiscal stimulus, monetary policy expansion and institutional bailouts. In the U.S., Congress passed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.

Q1: What year did the U.S. housing bubble peak?
A1: 2004
Q2: What year did Congress pass the American Recover and Reinvestment Act?
A2: 2009
Q3: Overvaluation of bundled subprime mortgages was based on the theory that housing prices would continue to do this?
A3: escalate
Q4: One of the causes of the financial crisis was easier access to loans by this type borrower?
A4: subprime
Q5: In 2007, banks and insurance companies did not have adequate holdings of which type to back their financial commitments?
A5: capital
Guinea-Bissau (Geography and places)

The calabash is the primary musical instrument of Guinea-Bissau, and is used in extremely swift and rhythmically complex dance music. Lyrics are almost always in Guinea-Bissau Creole, a Portuguese-based creole language, and are often humorous and topical, revolving around current events and controversies, especially AIDS.

Q1: What is the primary instrument of Guinea-Bissau?
A1: The calabash
Q2: What type of music is the calabash used in?
A2: extremely swift and rhythmically complex dance music
Q3: What language are lyrics typically sung in?
A3: Guinea-Bissau Creole
Q4: What do typical song lyrics revolve around?
A4: current events and controversies
Q5: What is the main controversy found in song lyrics?
A5: AIDS
Gregorian_calendar (Mathematics)

The calendar was a refinement to the Julian calendar amounting to a 0.002% correction in the length of the year. The motivation for the reform was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of the year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Because the celebration of Easter was tied to the spring equinox, the Roman Catholic Church considered the steady drift in the date of Easter caused by the year being slightly too long to be undesirable. The reform was adopted initially by the Catholic countries of Europe. Protestants and Eastern Orthodox countries continued to use the traditional Julian calendar and adopted the Gregorian reform after a time, for the sake of convenience in international trade. The last European country to adopt the reform was Greece, in 1923.

Q1: What was the percentsge of correction from the Julian calendar to the new Gregorian calendar?
A1: 0.002%
Q2: What was the correction due to?
A2: length of the year
Q3: What change in date motivated the change in calendars?
A3: celebration of Easter
Q4: To what astrological date was Easter tied?
A4: spring equinox
Q5: What was wrong in the Julian calendar?
A5: slightly too long
Modern_history (Philosophy and religion)

The campaigns of French Emperor and General Napoleon Bonaparte characterized the Napoleonic Era. Born on Corsica as the French invaded, and dying suspiciously on the tiny British Island of St. Helena, this brilliant commander, controlled a French Empire that, at its height, ruled a large portion of Europe directly from Paris, while many of his friends and family ruled countries such as Spain, Poland, several parts of Italy and many other Kingdoms Republics and dependencies. The Napoleonic Era changed the face of Europe forever, and old Empires and Kingdoms fell apart as a result of the mighty and "Glorious" surge of Republicanism.

Q1: What characterized the Napoleonic Era?
A1: The campaigns of French Emperor and General Napoleon Bonaparte
Q2: Where was Napoleon Bonaparte born?
A2: Corsica
Q3: Where was Napoleon Bonaparte die? 
A3: St. Helena
Q4: From where did the French empire rule a large portion of Europe?
A4: Paris
Q5: Why were Europe's Empires and Kingdoms dispatched?
A5: surge of Republicanism
Brigham_Young_University (Philosophy and religion)

The campus also houses several performing arts facilities. The de Jong Concert Hall seats 1282 people and is named for Gerrit de Jong Jr. The Pardoe Theatre is named for T. Earl and Kathryn Pardoe. Students use its stage in a variety of theatre experiments, as well as for Pardoe Series performances. It seats 500 people, and has quite a large stage with a proscenium opening of 19 by 55 feet (17 m). The Margetts Theatre was named for Philip N. Margetts, a prominent Utah theatre figure. A smaller, black box theater, it allows a variety of seating and staging formats. It seats 125, and measures 30 by 50 feet (15 m). The Nelke Theatre, named for one of BYU's first drama teachers, is used largely for instruction in experimental theater. It seats 280.

Q1: How many people does the de Jong Concert Hall seat?
A1: 1282
Q2: What building is named after Earl and Kathryn Pardoe?
A2: The Pardoe Theatre
Q3: What building was named after prominent Utah theater figure Philip N. Margetts?
A3: The Margetts Theatre
Q4: Who was the Nelke Theatre named for?
A4: one of BYU's first drama teachers
Q5: What type of theater is Nelke Theatre primarily used for?
A5: experimental
Brigham_Young_University (Philosophy and religion)

The campus is home to several museums containing exhibits from many different fields of study. BYU's Museum of Art, for example, is one of the largest and most attended art museums in the Mountain West. This Museum aids in academic pursuits of students at BYU via research and study of the artworks in its collection. The Museum is also open to the general public and provides educational programming. The Museum of Peoples and Cultures is a museum of archaeology and ethnology. It focuses on native cultures and artifacts of the Great Basin, American Southwest, Mesoamerica, Peru, and Polynesia. Home to more than 40,000 artifacts and 50,000 photographs, it documents BYU's archaeological research. The BYU Museum of Paleontology was built in 1976 to display the many fossils found by BYU's Dr. James A. Jensen. It holds many artifacts from the Jurassic Period (210-140 million years ago), and is one of the top five collections in the world of fossils from that time period. It has been featured in magazines, newspapers, and on television internationally. The museum receives about 25,000 visitors every year. The Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum was formed in 1978. It features several forms of plant and animal life on display and available for research by students and scholars.

Q1: Which BYU building is one of the most attended art museus in the Mountain West?
A1: Museum of Art
Q2: How many photographs are in BYU's Museum of Peoples and Cultures?
A2: 50,000
Q3: Who found many of the fossils displayed in BYU's Museum of Paleontology?
A3: BYU's Dr. James A. Jensen
Q4: From which period does BYU Museum of Paleontology hold many artifacts from?
A4: Jurassic Period (210-140 million years ago)
Q5: How many visitors does BYU Museum of Paleontology receive each year?
A5: about 25,000