LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Christian (Language and literature)

A wide range of beliefs and practices is found across the world among those who call themselves Christian. Denominations and sects disagree on a common definition of "Christianity". For example, Timothy Beal notes the disparity of beliefs among those who identify as Christians in the United States as follows:

Q1: While Christianity is ultimately one belief, a wide range of what is found among the different denominations and sects?
A1: beliefs and practices
Pacific_War (History)

A widely publicised example of institutionalised sexual slavery are "comfort women", a euphemism for the 200,000 women, mostly from Korea and China, who served in the Japanese army's camps during World War II. Some 35 Dutch comfort women brought a successful case before the Batavia Military Tribunal in 1948. In 1993, Chief Cabinet Secretary Yohei Kono said that women were coerced into brothels run by Japan's wartime military. Other Japanese leaders have apologized, including former Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi in 2001. In 2007, then-Prime Minister Shinzō Abe claimed: "The fact is, there is no evidence to prove there was coercion."

Q1: How many women are believed to have been sexual slaves for the Japenese Army?
A1: 200,000
Q2: In 1948, how many Dutch women brought a case to the Batavia Military Tribunal?
A2: 35
Q3: In 2001 which Japanese Prime <Minister apologized for the brothels.
A3: Junichiro Koizumi
Q4: In 2007 which Japenese Prime Minister said there was no proof of coercion of women to be sexual slaves?
A4: Shinzō Abe
Q5: Where were the sexual slave women mostly from?
A5: Korea and China
Internet_service_provider (Engineering and technology)

A wireless Internet service provider (WISP) is an Internet service provider with a network based on wireless networking. Technology may include commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment designed to operate over open 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands or licensed frequencies such as 2.5 GHz (EBS/BRS), 3.65 GHz (NN) and in the UHF band (including the MMDS frequency band) and LMDS.[citation needed]

Q1: What is a WISP? 
A1: wireless Internet service provider
Q2: What technology is part of a WISP?
A2: commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment
Q3: What are some bands that Wi-Fi can operate over? 
A3: 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands
Q4: What is a wireless internet service provider's network based on?
A4: wireless networking
MP3 (Engineering and technology)

A working group consisting of Leon van de Kerkhof (The Netherlands), Gerhard Stoll (Germany), Leonardo Chiariglione (Italy), Yves-François Dehery (France), Karlheinz Brandenburg (Germany) and James D. Johnston (USA) took ideas from ASPEC, integrated the filter bank from Layer 2, added some of their own ideas and created MP3, which was designed to achieve the same quality at 128 kbit/s as MP2 at 192 kbit/s.

Q1: What did the working group take ideas from?
A1: ASPEC
Q2: What did the working group integrate their ideas with?
A2: filter bank
Q3: Where was the filter bank taken from?
A3: Layer 2
Q4: What did the working group eventually create?
A4: MP3
Q5: What quality were they hoping to match at 128 kbit/s?
A5: MP2 at 192 kbit/s
Professional_wrestling (Sports and recreation)

A wrestler can win by knockout (sometimes referred to as a referee stoppage) if they do not resort to submission holds, but stills pummels their opponent to the point that they are unconscious or are unable to intelligently defend themselves. To check for a knockout in this manner, a referee will wave their hand in front of the wrestler's face; if the wrestler does not react in any way, the referee will award the victory to the other wrestler. If all the active wrestlers in a match are down inside the ring at the same time, the referee will begin a count (usually ten seconds, twenty in Japan). If nobody rises to their feet by the end of the count, the match is ruled a draw. Any participant who stands up in time will end the count for everyone else. In a Last Man Standing match, this form of a knockout is the only way that the match can end, so the referee will count when one or more wrestlers are down, and one wrestler standing up before the 10-count doesn't stop the count for another wrestler who is still down.

Q1: How does a referee check for a knockout?
A1: a referee will wave their hand in front of the wrestler's face
Q2: What happens if all wrestlers are down?
A2: If nobody rises to their feet by the end of the count, the match is ruled a draw.
Q3: If all wrestlers are down, how long do they have to rise? 
A3: usually ten seconds, twenty in Japan
Q4: What kind of match has to end in a knockout?
A4: Last Man Standing
Q5: What is another name for a knockout?
A5: referee stoppage
Professional_wrestling (Sports and recreation)

A wrestler may voluntarily submit by verbally informing the referee (usually used in moves such as the Mexican Surfboard, where all four limbs are incapacitated, making tapping impossible). Also, since Ken Shamrock (a legitimate UFC competitor in its early days) popularized it in 1997, a wrestler can indicate a voluntary submission by "tapping out", that is, tapping a free hand against the mat or against an opponent. Occasionally, a wrestler will reach for a rope (see rope breaks below), only to put their hand back on the mat so they can crawl towards the rope some more; this is not a submission, and the referee decides what their intent is.

Q1: How can a wrestler willingly submit?
A1: verbally informing the referee
Q2: What is the move called where all limbs are incapicitated? 
A2: Mexican Surfboard
Q3: What can a wrestler do to show a willing submission?
A3: tapping out
Professional_wrestling (Sports and recreation)

A wrestler's championship accomplishments can be central to their career, becoming a measure of their performance ability and drawing power. In general, a wrestler with multiple title reigns or an extended title reign is indicative of a wrestler's ability to maintain audience interest and/or a wrestler's ability to perform in the ring. As such, the most accomplished or decorated wrestlers tend to be revered as legends despite the predetermined nature of title reigns. American wrestler Ric Flair has had multiple world heavyweight championship reigns spanning over three decades. Japanese wrestler Último Dragón once held and defended a record 10 titles simultaneously.

Q1: What does it show when a wrestler has many titles?
A1: ability to maintain audience interest and/or a wrestler's ability to perform in the ring
Q2: What can be important in a wrestler's career? 
A2: championship accomplishments
Q3: What do those accomplishments indicate? 
A3: performance ability and drawing power
Q4: What has Ric Flair accomplished? 
A4: multiple world heavyweight championship reigns spanning over three decades
Q5: Who held 10 records at once? 
A5: Último Dragón
Professional_wrestling (Sports and recreation)

A wrestling match may be declared a no contest if the winning conditions are unable to occur. This can be due to excessive interference, loss of referee's control over the match, one or more participants sustaining debilitating injury not caused by the opponent, or the inability of a scheduled match to even begin. A no contest is a state separate and distinct from a draw — a draw indicates winning conditions were met. Although the terms are sometimes used interchangeably in practice, this usage is technically incorrect.

Q1: What kind of injury can cause a no contest ruling?
A1: debilitating
Q2: How is no contest related to a draw, if at all?
A2: state separate and distinct from a draw
Q3: How can a referee's action result in a no contest?
A3: loss of referee's control over the match
Portugal (Geography and places)

A year before Alfonso III "the Great" of Asturias death, three of Alfonso's sons rose in rebellion and forced him to abdicate, partitioning the kingdom among them. The eldest son, García, became king of León. The second son, Ordoño, reigned in Galicia, while the third, Fruela, received Asturias with Oviedo as his capital. Alfonso died in Zamora, probably in 910. His former realm would be reunited when first García died childless and León passed to Ordoño. He in turn died when his children were too young to ascend; Fruela became king of a reunited crown. His death the next year initiated a series of internecine struggles that led to unstable succession for over a century. It continued under that name[clarification needed] until incorporated into the Kingdom of Castile in 1230, after Ferdinand III became joint king of the two kingdoms. This was done to avoid dynastic feuds and to maintain the Christian Kingdoms strong enough to prevent complete Muslim take over of the Iberian Peninsula and to further the Reconquista of Iberia by Christian armies.

Q1: Who was the eldest son of Alfonso III and what did he become king of?
A1: García, became king of León
Q2: Who was the second son of Alfonso III and what did he become king of?
A2: Ordoño, reigned in Galicia
Q3: Who was Alfonso III's third son and what area did he receive?
A3: Fruela, received Asturias with Oviedo as his capital
Q4: In which year did Alfonso III likely die?
A4: 910
Q5: In which year was the Kingdom of Castile formed?
A5: 1230
Elizabeth_II (History)

A year later, at the height of the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis, the Australian Prime Minister, Gough Whitlam, was dismissed from his post by Governor-General Sir John Kerr, after the Opposition-controlled Senate rejected Whitlam's budget proposals. As Whitlam had a majority in the House of Representatives, Speaker Gordon Scholes appealed to the Queen to reverse Kerr's decision. She declined, stating that she would not interfere in decisions reserved by the Constitution of Australia for the governor-general. The crisis fuelled Australian republicanism.

Q1: During the Australian constitutional crisis, what Prime Minister was dismissed?
A1: Gough Whitlam
Q2: Who dismissed Whilam from the post of Australian Prime Minister?
A2: Governor-General Sir John Kerr
Q3: What did Whitlam have in the House of Representatives?
A3: a majority
Q4: Who appealed to Elizabeth to reverse the dismissal of Whitlam?
A4: Speaker Gordon Scholes
Q5: What did Elizabeth decline to do in response to the appeal by Scholes?
A5: interfere
Animal (Natural sciences)

A zygote initially develops into a hollow sphere, called a blastula, which undergoes rearrangement and differentiation. In sponges, blastula larvae swim to a new location and develop into a new sponge. In most other groups, the blastula undergoes more complicated rearrangement. It first invaginates to form a gastrula with a digestive chamber, and two separate germ layers — an external ectoderm and an internal endoderm. In most cases, a mesoderm also develops between them. These germ layers then differentiate to form tissues and organs.

Q1: What is the hollow sphere that a zygote initially develops into called?
A1: blastula
Q2: In sponges, how do blastula develop into a new sponge?
A2: swim to a new location
Q3: What are the 2 germ layers formed by most blastula?
A3: an external ectoderm and an internal endoderm
Q4: What may be formed between the external ectoderm and an internal endoderm layers?
A4: mesoderm
Q5: What do the external ectoderm and an internal endoderm layers develop into?
A5: tissues and organs
Idealism (Philosophy and religion)

A. A. Luce and John Foster are other subjectivists. Luce, in Sense without Matter (1954), attempts to bring Berkeley up to date by modernizing his vocabulary and putting the issues he faced in modern terms, and treats the Biblical account of matter and the psychology of perception and nature. Foster's The Case for Idealism argues that the physical world is the logical creation of natural, non-logical constraints on human sense-experience. Foster's latest defense of his views is in his book A World for Us: The Case for Phenomenalistic Idealism.

Q1: What sort of thinkers were Foster and Luce?
A1: subjectivists
Q2: What book was written by A.A. Luce?
A2: Sense without Matter
Q3: What year saw the publication of Sense without Matter?
A3: 1954
Q4: Who wrote A World for Us: The Case for Phenomenalistic Idealism?
A4: Foster
Q5: Whose work is Sense without Matter regarded as updating?
A5: Berkeley
Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty (History)

A. Tom Grunfeld says that Tsongkhapa claimed ill health in his refusal to appear at the Ming court, while Rossabi adds that Tsongkhapa cited the "length and arduousness of the journey" to China as another reason not to make an appearance. This first request by the Ming was made in 1407, but the Ming court sent another embassy in 1413, this one led by the eunuch Hou Xian (候顯; fl. 1403–1427), which was again refused by Tsongkhapa. Rossabi writes that Tsongkhapa did not want to entirely alienate the Ming court, so he sent his disciple Chosrje Shākya Yeshes to Nanjing in 1414 on his behalf, and upon his arrival in 1415 the Yongle Emperor bestowed upon him the title of "State Teacher"—the same title earlier awarded the Phagmodrupa ruler of Tibet. The Xuande Emperor (r. 1425–1435) even granted this disciple Chosrje Shākya Yeshes the title of a "King" (王). This title does not appear to have held any practical meaning, or to have given its holder any power, at Tsongkhapa's Ganden Monastery. Wylie notes that this—like the Karma Kargyu—cannot be seen as a reappointment of Mongol Yuan offices, since the Gelug school was created after the fall of the Yuan dynasty.

Q1: When did the Ming first request Tsongkhapa to come to court?
A1: 1407
Q2: When did the Ming court send a second request to Tsongkhapa?
A2: 1413
Q3: Who did Tsongkhapa send in his place to Nanjing?
A3: his disciple Chosrje Shākya Yeshes
Q4: When was Chosrje Shākya Yeshes sent to Nanjing?
A4: 1414
Anti-aircraft_warfare (Warfare)

AA gunnery was a difficult business. The problem was of successfully aiming a shell to burst close to its target's future position, with various factors affecting the shells' predicted trajectory. This was called deflection gun-laying, 'off-set' angles for range and elevation were set on the gunsight and updated as their target moved. In this method when the sights were on the target, the barrel was pointed at the target's future position. Range and height of the target determined fuse length. The difficulties increased as aircraft performance improved.

Q1: What was the problem with AA gunnery?
A1: successfully aiming a shell to burst close to its target's future position
Q2: Different things could affect what with the shell?
A2: predicted trajectory
Q3: What was updated on the gunsight as a target moved?
A3: 'off-set' angles for range and elevation
Q4: Where was the barrel pointed when the sights were on a target?
A4: the target's future position
Q5: What two things figured the fuse length?
A5: Range and height of the target
Anti-aircraft_warfare (Warfare)

AAA battalions were also used to help suppress ground targets. Their larger 90 mm M3 gun would prove, as did the eighty-eight, to make an excellent anti-tank gun as well, and was widely used late in the war in this role. Also available to the Americans at the start of the war was the 120 mm M1 gun stratosphere gun, which was the most powerful AA gun with an impressive 60,000 ft (18 km) altitude capability. No 120 M1 was ever fired at an enemy aircraft. The 90 mm and 120 mm guns would continue to be used into the 1950s.

Q1: What was also utilized to control ground targets?
A1: AAA battalions
Q2: Along with the 88, what other AAA battalion gun made a good anti-tank weapon?
A2: 90 mm M3 gun
Q3: What did the Americans use at the beginning of the war?
A3: 120 mm M1 gun stratosphere gun
Q4: What was the altitude range in feet of the stratosphere gun?
A4: 60,000 ft
Q5: What decade were the 90 and 120 millimeter guns used until?
A5: 1950s
Adult_contemporary_music (Music)

AC radio stations may play mainstream music, but they will exclude hip hop, dance tracks, hard rock, and some forms of teen pop, as they are less popular amongst the target demographic of these radio stations, which is intended for an adult audience. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s. A common practice in recent years is that many adult contemporary stations play less newer music because they also give ample airtime to hits of the past, so the de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart.

Q1: What age group does adult contemporary radio typically focus on?
A1: 25–44
Q2: Along with teen pop, dance and hard rock, what form of music is typically not heard on AC radio?
A2: hip hop
Q3: When did advertisers begin to focus on the adult contemporary age demographic?
A3: 1960s
Q4: What type of music are AC stations noted as playing less of versus hits of the past?
A4: newer music
Saint_Helena (Geography and places)

ADSL-broadband service is provided with maximum speeds of up to 1536 KBit/s downstream and 512 KBit/s upstream offered on contract levels from lite £16 per month to gold+ at £190 per month. There are a few public WiFi hotspots in Jamestown, which are also being operated by SURE (formerly Cable & Wireless).

Q1: What kind of broadband service is provided on the island?
A1: ADSL
Q2: What is the maximum speed of the broadband service?
A2: 1536 KBit/s downstream and 512 KBit/s upstream
Q3: What is the lite price of the broadband service?
A3: £16 per month
Q4: What is the gold price of the broadband service?
A4: £190 per month
Q5: What location has a few public wifi spots available to the public?
A5: Jamestown
Arena_Football_League (Sports and recreation)

AFL Global and Ganlan Media were created in 2012 by businessman Martin E. Judge, founder and owner of the Judge Group. The company, called AFL Global, LLC, looks to introduce and launch professional Arena Football teams and franchises in various locations throughout the world (like NFL Europe). After their successful trip to China to help promote the game, they formally announced plans to further develop AFL China by the fall of 2014 by starting a comprehensive training program in May 2013 with exhibition games planned for the cities of Beijing and Guangzhou in October. This is the first time professional football of any kind will be played in China with the support of the Chinese government and the CRFA (Chinese Rugby Football Association). Key persons involved include founder and CEO. Martin E. Judge, partner Ron Jaworski, CAFL CEO Gary Morris and president David Niu. Ganlan Media has since dropped this name and will carry the league's name as its corporate identity.

Q1: Who created Ganlan Media?
A1: Martin E. Judge
Q2: What company is Martin Judge the founder of?
A2: the Judge Group
Q3: In what year was AFL Global created?
A3: 2012
Q4: In what month was an exhibition game planned for Guangzhou?
A4: October
Q5: Who is the Chief Executive Officer of the China American Football League?
A5: Gary Morris
United_States_Air_Force (Warfare)

AFSCs range from officer specialties such as pilot, combat systems officer, missile launch officer, intelligence officer, aircraft maintenance officer, judge advocate general (JAG), medical doctor, nurse or other fields, to various enlisted specialties. The latter range from flight combat operations such as a gunner, to working in a dining facility to ensure that members are properly fed. There are additional occupational fields such as computer specialties, mechanic specialties, enlisted aircrew, communication systems, cyberspace operations, avionics technicians, medical specialties, civil engineering, public affairs, hospitality, law, drug counseling, mail operations, security forces, and search and rescue specialties.

Q1: What kind of AFSC is a JAG?
A1: judge advocate general
Q2: What is one of the many types of AFSC employed by the USAF? 
A2: missile launch officer
Q3: What is an example of an occupational field position in the USAF?
A3: computer specialties
The_Blitz (History)

AOC Bomber Command Arthur Harris did see German morale as a major objective. However, he did not believe that the morale-collapse could occur without the destruction of the German economy. The primary goal of Bomber Command's offensives was to destroy the German industrial base (economic warfare), and in doing so reduce morale. In late 1943, just before the Battle of Berlin, he declared the power of Bomber Command would enable it to achieve "a state of devastation in which surrender is inevitable." A summary of Harris' strategic intentions was clear:

Q1: Without what could morale collapse occur according to Arthur Harris?
A1: without the destruction of the German economy.
Q2: What was the primary strategy for Bomber Command offensives?
A2: to destroy the German industrial base (economic warfare), and in doing so reduce morale
Q3: Arthur Harris announced that Bomber Command would enable economic warfare to achieve what?
A3: "a state of devastation in which surrender is inevitable."
Sony_Music_Entertainment (Music)

ARC was acquired in 1938 by the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS, which, in turn, had been formed by the Columbia Phonograph Company, but then sold off). ARC was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation. The Columbia Phonograph Company had international subsidiaries and affiliates such as the Columbia Graphophone Company in the United Kingdom, but they were sold off prior to CBS acquiring American Columbia. RCA Victor Records executive Ted Wallerstein convinced CBS head William S. Paley to buy ARC and Paley made Wallerstein head of the newly acquired record company. The renamed company made Columbia its flagship label with Okeh its subsidiary label while deemphasizing ARC's other labels. This allowed ARC's leased labels Brunswick Records and Vocalion Records to revert to former owner Warner Bros. which sold the labels to Decca Records. Columbia kept the Brunswick catalogue recorded from December 1931 onward which was reissued on the Columbia label as well as the Vocalion label material from the same time period which was reissued on the Okeh label. Wallerstein, who was promoted at the end of 1947 from president to chairman of the record company, restored Columbia's status as a leading record company and spearheaded the successful introduction of the long playing (LP) record before he retired as Columbia's chairman in 1951. James Conkling then became head of Columbia Records. Also in 1951, Columbia severed its ties with the EMI-owned record label of the same name and began a UK distribution deal with Philips Records, whereas Okeh Records continued to be distributed by EMI on the Columbia label.

Q1: Who bought out ARC?
A1: Columbia Broadcasting System
Q2: In what year was ARC bought?
A2: 1938
Q3: What did CBS call ARC after buying it?
A3: Columbia Recording Corporation
Q4: Who was the head of CBS at the time?
A4: William S. Paley
Q5: Who convinced Paley to buy ARC?
A5: RCA Victor Records executive Ted Wallerstein
ASCII (Engineering and technology)

ASCII (i/ˈæski/ ASS-kee), abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character-encoding scheme (the IANA prefers the name US-ASCII). ASCII codes represent text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that use text. Most modern character-encoding schemes are based on ASCII, though they support many additional characters. ASCII was the most common character encoding on the World Wide Web until December 2007, when it was surpassed by UTF-8, which is fully backward compatibe to ASCII.

Q1: What does ASCII stand for?
A1: American Standard Code for Information Interchange
Q2: What is the definition of ASCII?
A2: is a character-encoding scheme
Q3: What does ASCII code represent?
A3: text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that use text
Q4: ASCI was the most common character encoding on the world wide web until when?
A4: December 2007
Q5: Who surpassed ASCII?
A5: UTF-8