LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Cyprus (Geography and places)

In 1570, a full-scale Ottoman assault with 60,000 troops brought the island under Ottoman control, despite stiff resistance by the inhabitants of Nicosia and Famagusta. Ottoman forces capturing Cyprus massacred many Greek and Armenian Christian inhabitants. The previous Latin elite were destroyed and the first significant demographic change since antiquity took place with the formation of a Muslim community. Soldiers who fought in the conquest settled on the island and Turkish peasants and craftsmen were brought to the island from Anatolia. This new community also included banished Anatolian tribes, "undesirable" persons and members of various "troublesome" Muslim sects, as well as a number of new converts on the island.

Q1: In what year did Cyprus face a full-scale Ottoman assault?
A1: 1570
Q2: Ottoman forces massacred which types of people?
A2: Greek and Armenian Christian inhabitants
Q3: Turkish peasants and craftsman were brought to the island from where?
A3: Anatolia
Szlachta (History)

In 1578 king Stefan Batory created the Crown Tribunal in order to reduce the enormous pressure on the Royal Court. This placed much of the monarch's juridical power in the hands of the elected szlachta deputies, further strengthening the nobility class. In 1581 the Crown Tribunal was joined by a counterpart in Lithuania, the Lithuanian Tribunal.

Q1: The crown tribunal was created when?
A1: 1578
Q2: Who created the crown tribunal?
A2: king Stefan Batory
Q3: What was the crown tribunal supposed to do?
A3: reduce the enormous pressure on the Royal Court
Q4: Where was a lot of power placed in result of the crown tribunal?
A4: the nobility class
Q5: WHo joined the crown tribunal eventually?
A5: Lithuanian Tribunal
British_Empire (History)

In 1578, Elizabeth I granted a patent to Humphrey Gilbert for discovery and overseas exploration. That year, Gilbert sailed for the West Indies with the intention of engaging in piracy and establishing a colony in North America, but the expedition was aborted before it had crossed the Atlantic. In 1583 he embarked on a second attempt, on this occasion to the island of Newfoundland whose harbour he formally claimed for England, although no settlers were left behind. Gilbert did not survive the return journey to England, and was succeeded by his half-brother, Walter Raleigh, who was granted his own patent by Elizabeth in 1584. Later that year, Raleigh founded the colony of Roanoke on the coast of present-day North Carolina, but lack of supplies caused the colony to fail.

Q1: When did Humphrey Gilbert first set sail for the West Indies?
A1: 1578
Q2: When was Humphrey Gilbert's second attempt to set sail?
A2: 1583
Q3: What was Humphrey Gilbert's second destination?
A3: Newfoundland
Q4: Who was Humphrey Gilbert's half-brother?
A4: Walter Raleigh
Q5: What colony did Walter Raleigh found?
A5: Roanoke
Dutch_Republic (History)

In 1579 a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries signed the Union of Utrecht, in which they promised to support each other in their defence against the Spanish army. This was followed in 1581 by the Act of Abjuration, the declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II.

Q1: In what year was the Union of Utrecht signed?
A1: 1579
Q2: Who signed the Union of Utrecht?
A2: a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries
Q3: What was the declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II called?
A3: the Act of Abjuration
Q4: In what year was the Act of Abjuration signed?
A4: 1581
Q5: What was the purpose of the Union of Utrecht?
A5: to support each other in their defence against the Spanish army
Utrecht (History)

In 1579 the northern seven provinces signed the Union of Utrecht, in which they decided to join forces against Spanish rule. The Union of Utrecht is seen as the beginning of the Dutch Republic. In 1580 the new and predominantly Protestant state abolished the bishoprics, including the archbishopric of Utrecht. The stadtholders disapproved of the independent course of the Utrecht bourgeoisie and brought the city under much more direct control of the republic; which shifted the power towards its dominant province Holland. This was the start of a long period of stagnation of trade and development in Utrecht. Utrecht remained an atypical city in the new republic with about 40% Catholic in the mid-17th century, and even more among the elite groups, who included many rural nobility and gentry with town houses there.

Q1: What was signed in 1579 
A1: the northern seven provinces signed the Union of Utrecht, in which they decided to join forces against Spanish rule
Q2: What is this union seen as 
A2: The Union of Utrecht is seen as the beginning of the Dutch Republic
Q3: What became the dominant province 
A3: towards its dominant province Holland
Q4: What was the state of Utrecht 
A4: Utrecht remained an atypical city in the new republic with about 40% Catholic in the mid-17th century, and even more among the elite groups
Dutch_Republic (History)

In 1582 the United Provinces invited Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them; but after a failed attempt to take Antwerp in 1583, the duke left the Netherlands again. After the assassination of William of Orange (10 July 1584), both Henry III of France and Elizabeth I of England declined the offer of sovereignty. However, the latter agreed to turn the United Provinces into a protectorate of England (Treaty of Nonsuch, 1585), and sent the Earl of Leicester as governor-general. This was unsuccessful and in 1588 the provinces became a confederacy. The Union of Utrecht is regarded as the foundation of the Republic of the Seven United Provinces, which was not recognized by the Spanish Empire until the Peace of Westphalia in 1648.

Q1: In what year did the United Provinces invite Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them?
A1: 1582
Q2: In what year did Francis, Duke of Anjou leave the Netherlands?
A2: 1583
Q3: When was William of Orange assassinated?
A3: 10 July 1584
Q4: Who agreed to turn the United Provinces into a protectorate of England?
A4: Elizabeth I
Q5: In what year did the United Provinces become a confederacy?
A5: 1588
North_Carolina (Geography and places)

In 1584, Elizabeth I granted a charter to Sir Walter Raleigh, for whom the state capital is named, for land in present-day North Carolina (then part of the territory of Virginia). It was the second American territory which the English attempted to colonize. Raleigh established two colonies on the coast in the late 1580s, but both failed. The fate of the "Lost Colony" of Roanoke Island remains one of the most widely debated mysteries of American history. Virginia Dare, the first English child to be born in North America, was born on Roanoke Island on August 18, 1587; Dare County is named for her.

Q1: Who is the North Carolina state capital named for?
A1: Sir Walter Raleigh
Q2: Who granted the charter for Sir Walter Raleigh to travel to present day North Carolina?
A2: Elizabeth I
Q3: What year did Elizabeth I grant the charter to Raleigh to travel to North Carolina?
A3: 1584
Q4: What was the second american territory the English attempted to colonize?
A4: North Carolina
Q5: How many colonies did Raleigh establish on the coast of carolina in 1580?
A5: two
Samurai (Language and literature)

In 1592, and again in 1597, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, aiming to invade China (唐入り) through Korea, mobilized an army of 160,000 peasants and samurai and deployed them to Korea. (See Hideyoshi's invasions of Korea, Chōsen-seibatsu (朝鮮征伐?). Taking advantage of arquebus mastery and extensive wartime experience from the Sengoku period, Japanese samurai armies made major gains in most of Korea. Kato Kiyomasa advanced to Orangkai territory (present-day Manchuria) bordering Korea to the northeast and crossed the border into Manchuria, but withdrew after retaliatory attacks from the Jurchens there, as it was clear he had outpaced the rest of the Japanese invasion force. A few of the more famous samurai generals of this war were Katō Kiyomasa, Konishi Yukinaga, and Shimazu Yoshihiro. Shimazu Yoshihiro led some 7,000 samurai and, despite being heavily outnumbered, defeated a host of allied Ming and Korean forces at the Battle of Sacheon in 1598, near the conclusion of the campaigns. Yoshihiro was feared as Oni-Shimazu ("Shimazu ogre") and his nickname spread across not only Korea but to Ming Dynasty China. In spite of the superiority of Japanese land forces, ultimately the two expeditions failed (though they did devastate the Korean landmass) from factors such as Korean naval superiority (which, led by Admiral Yi Sun-shin, harassed Japanese supply lines continuously throughout the wars, resulting in supply shortages on land), the commitment of sizeable Ming forces to Korea, Korean guerrilla actions, the underestimation of resistance by Japanese commanders (in the first campaign of 1592, Korean defenses on land were caught unprepared, under-trained, and under-armed; they were rapidly overrun, with only a limited number of successfully resistant engagements against the more-experienced and battle-hardened Japanese forces - in the second campaign of 1597, Korean and Ming forces proved to be a far more difficult challenge and, with the support of continued Korean naval superiority, limited Japanese gains to parts southeastern Korea), and wavering Japanese commitment to the campaigns as the wars dragged on. The final death blow to the Japanese campaigns in Korea came with Hideyoshi's death in late 1598 and the recall of all Japanese forces in Korea by the Council of Five Elders (established by Hideyoshi to oversee the transition from his regency to that of his son Hideyori).

Q1: When did Toyotomi Hideyoshi first send an army to Korea?
A1: 1592
Q2: When did Toyotomi Hideyoshi send an army to Korea a second time?
A2: 1597
Q3: How many troops did Toyotomi Hideyoshi send to Korea?
A3: 160,000
Q4: When was the Battle of Sacheon?
A4: 1598
Q5: When did Toyotomi Hideyoshi die?
A5: 1598
Tuberculosis (Natural sciences)

In 15–20% of active cases, the infection spreads outside the lungs, causing other kinds of TB. These are collectively denoted as "extrapulmonary tuberculosis". Extrapulmonary TB occurs more commonly in immunosuppressed persons and young children. In those with HIV, this occurs in more than 50% of cases. Notable extrapulmonary infection sites include the pleura (in tuberculous pleurisy), the central nervous system (in tuberculous meningitis), the lymphatic system (in scrofula of the neck), the genitourinary system (in urogenital tuberculosis), and the bones and joints (in Pott disease of the spine), among others. When it spreads to the bones, it is also known as "osseous tuberculosis", a form of osteomyelitis. Sometimes, bursting of a tubercular abscess through skin results in tuberculous ulcer. An ulcer originating from nearby infected lymph nodes is painless, slowly enlarging and has an appearance of "wash leather". A potentially more serious, widespread form of TB is called "disseminated tuberculosis", also known as miliary tuberculosis. Miliary TB makes up about 10% of extrapulmonary cases.

Q1: What's the medical term for TB when it spreads from the lungs to other parts of the body?
A1: extrapulmonary tuberculosis
Q2: At least what percentage of HIV-positive patients who contract TB will experience extrapulmonary infection?
A2: 50%
Q3: Along with people with diminished immune function, like HIV patients, what group of people is more likely to develop extrapulmonary TB?
A3: young children
Q4: If TB infection spreads to the central nervous system, what is it called?
A4: tuberculous meningitis
Q5: What's the other name for "disseminated tuberculosis"?
A5: miliary tuberculosis
British_Empire (History)

In 1603, James VI, King of Scots, ascended (as James I) to the English throne and in 1604 negotiated the Treaty of London, ending hostilities with Spain. Now at peace with its main rival, English attention shifted from preying on other nations' colonial infrastructures to the business of establishing its own overseas colonies. The British Empire began to take shape during the early 17th century, with the English settlement of North America and the smaller islands of the Caribbean, and the establishment of private companies, most notably the English East India Company, to administer colonies and overseas trade. This period, until the loss of the Thirteen Colonies after the American War of Independence towards the end of the 18th century, has subsequently been referred to by some historians as the "First British Empire".

Q1: What was James I's name/title before taking the English throne?
A1: James VI, King of Scots
Q2: When did James I negotiate the Treaty of London?
A2: 1604
Q3: Which country did England negotiate the Treaty of London with?
A3: Spain
Q4: In what century did the English East India Company form?
A4: 17th
Q5: What period ended towards the end of the 18th century?
A5: the "First British Empire"
Rule_of_law (History)

In 1607, English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke said in the Case of Prohibitions (according to his own report) "that the law was the golden met-wand and measure to try the causes of the subjects; and which protected His Majesty in safety and peace: with which the King was greatly offended, and said, that then he should be under the law, which was treason to affirm, as he said; to which I said, that Bracton saith, quod Rex non debed esse sub homine, sed sub Deo et lege (That the King ought not to be under any man but under God and the law.)."

Q1: To what did English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke compare the law?
A1: golden met-wand
Q2: According to English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke, what should Kings follow?
A2: God and the law
Q3: When did English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke speak in the Case of Prohibitions?
A3: 1607
Q4: How did the king feel about what was said in the Case of Prohibitions?
A4: greatly offended
Q5: What was Edward Coke's official title?
A5: Chief Justice Sir
New_York_City (Geography and places)

In 1609, English explorer Henry Hudson re-discovered the region when he sailed his ship the Halve Maen ("Half Moon" in Dutch) into New York Harbor while searching for the Northwest Passage to the Orient for his employer, the Dutch East India Company. He proceeded to sail up what he named the North River, also called the Mauritis River, and now known as the Hudson River, to the site of the present-day New York State capital of Albany in the belief that it might represent an oceanic tributary. When the river narrowed and was no longer saline, he realized it was not a maritime passage and sailed back downriver. He made a ten-day exploration of the area and claimed the region for his employer. In 1614, the area between Cape Cod and Delaware Bay would be claimed by the Netherlands and called Nieuw-Nederland (New Netherland).

Q1: What was the name of the explorer who visited the area in 1609?
A1: Henry Hudson
Q2: Who was Henry Hudson working for?
A2: Dutch East India Company
Q3: In what year did the Netherlands claim the area between Delaware Bay and Cape Cod?
A3: 1614
Q4: How many days did Henry Hudson spend exploring the region?
A4: ten
Q5: What did Henry Hudson call the river that is now called the Hudson River?
A5: North River
Q6: Henry Hudson worked for which company in the 1600s?
A6: Dutch East India Company
Q7: In what year was the land between Cape Cod and Delaware Bay claimed by the Dutch?
A7: 1614
Q8: Which explorer sailed his ship into New York harbor in 1609?
A8: Henry Hudson
Baptists (Philosophy and religion)

In 1609, while still there, Smyth wrote a tract titled "The Character of the Beast," or "The False Constitution of the Church." In it he expressed two propositions: first, infants are not to be baptized; and second, "Antichristians converted are to be admitted into the true Church by baptism." Hence, his conviction was that a scriptural church should consist only of regenerate believers who have been baptized on a personal confession of faith. He rejected the Separatist movement's doctrine of infant baptism (paedobaptism). Shortly thereafter, Smyth left the group, and layman Thomas Helwys took over the leadership, leading the church back to England in 1611. Ultimately, Smyth became committed to believers' baptism as the only biblical baptism. He was convinced on the basis of his interpretation of Scripture that infants would not be damned should they die in infancy.

Q1: Smyth wrote a tract titled what?
A1: "The Character of the Beast," or "The False Constitution of the Church."
Q2: What was his first proposition?
A2: infants are not to be baptized
Q3: What was his second proposition?
A3: Antichristians converted are to be admitted into the true Church by baptism
Q4: Smyth believed a scriptural church should consist only of regenerate believers who have been what?
A4: baptized on a personal confession of faith
Q5: What is paedobaptism?
A5: infant baptism
Bermuda (History)

In 1610, all but three of the survivors of the Sea Venture sailed on to Jamestown. Among them was John Rolfe, whose wife and child died and were buried in Bermuda. Later in Jamestown he married Pocahontas, a daughter of the powerful Powhatan, leader of a large confederation of about 30 Algonquian-speaking tribes in coastal Virginia. In 1612, the English began intentional settlement of Bermuda with the arrival of the ship Plough. St. George's was settled that year and designated as Bermuda's first capital. It is the oldest continually inhabited English town in the New World.

Q1: Who was one of the original survivor's to sail on to Jamestown.
A1: John Rolfe
Q2: What is one of the main things John Rolfe is known for?
A2: married Pocahontas
Q3: When did the English begin their intentional settlement of Bermuda?
A3: 1612,
Q4: What is St. George credited with?
A4: oldest continually inhabited English town in the New World.
Boston (Geography and places)

In 1629, the Massachusetts Bay Colony's first governor, John Winthrop, led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement, a key founding document of the city. Puritan ethics and their focus on education influenced its early history; America's first public school was founded in Boston in 1635. Over the next 130 years, the city participated in four French and Indian Wars, until the British defeated the French and their native allies in North America. Boston was the largest town in British North America until Philadelphia grew larger in the mid 18th century.

Q1: What year was the Cambridge Agreement signed?
A1: 1629
Q2: America's first public school was founded in Boston in what year?
A2: 1635
Q3: Who was Massachusetts first governor?
A3: John Winthrop
Q4: How many french and Indian wars did Boston participate in?
A4: four
Q5: Who led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement?
A5: John Winthrop
Cardinal_(Catholicism) (History)

In 1630, Pope Urban VIII decreed their title to be Eminence (previously, it had been "illustrissimo" and "reverendissimo")  and decreed that their secular rank would equate to Prince, making them secondary only to the Pope and crowned monarchs.

Q1: In was year was the title decreed Eminence?
A1: 1630
Q2: Who decreed this?
A2: Pope Urban VIII
Q3: What rank did the Eminece decree assigned?
A3: Prince
Q4: Who held more power then the cardinal?
A4: the Pope and crowned monarchs
Q5: Which pope decided that being pope was equal to being a prince?
A5: Pope Urban VIII
East_India_Company (History)

In 1634, the Mughal emperor extended his hospitality to the English traders to the region of Bengal, and in 1717 completely waived customs duties for the trade. The company's mainstay businesses were by then cotton, silk, indigo dye, saltpetre, and tea. The Dutch were aggressive competitors and had meanwhile expanded their monopoly of the spice trade in the Malaccan straits by ousting the Portuguese in 1640–41. With reduced Portuguese and Spanish influence in the region, the EIC and Dutch East India Company (VOC) entered a period of intense competition, resulting in the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th and 18th centuries.

Q1: How important were cotton, silk, indigo dye,saltpetre and tea to the company?
A1: The company's mainstay business
Q2: Name the wars that was caused by the intense competition between the EIC and Dutch East India Company
A2: Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th and 18th centuries
Q3: what caused the Dutch to expand thier spice trade in the malaccan straits?
A3: ousting the Portuguese in 1640–41
Q4: what year did the Mughal emperor completely wave customs duities?
A4: 1717
Q5: who did the Mughal emperor extend hospitality to?
A5: English traders
Q6: what region was made available to english traders by  the Mughal emperor?
A6: Bengal
Q7: in 1717 what made the region of Bengal  so appealing to English traders?
A7: waived customs duties
Q8: why type of  dye was one of the East  India company's main  products?
A8: indigo dye
Q9: Who were the main competitors that  had a monopoly of the spice trade in Malaccan?
A9: The Dutch
Q10: what wars was a result of the competitive nature of the mulitple trading companies in the 17th and 18th centuries?
A10: Anglo-Dutch Wars
Hanover (History)

In 1636 George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, ruler of the Brunswick-Lüneburg principality of Calenberg, moved his residence to Hanover. The Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg were elevated by the Holy Roman Emperor to the rank of Prince-Elector in 1692, and this elevation was confirmed by the Imperial Diet in 1708. Thus the principality was upgraded to the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg, colloquially known as the Electorate of Hanover after Calenberg's capital (see also: House of Hanover). Its electors would later become monarchs of Great Britain (and from 1801, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland). The first of these was George I Louis, who acceded to the British throne in 1714. The last British monarch who ruled in Hanover was William IV. Semi-Salic law, which required succession by the male line if possible, forbade the accession of Queen Victoria in Hanover. As a male-line descendant of George I, Queen Victoria was herself a member of the House of Hanover. Her descendants, however, bore her husband's titular name of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Three kings of Great Britain, or the United Kingdom, were concurrently also Electoral Princes of Hanover.

Q1: Where did the Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg move his residence to?
A1: Hanover
Q2: Who elevated the status of the Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg?
A2: Holy Roman Emperor
Q3: Who confirmed the elevation of the Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg in 1708?
A3: Imperial Diet
Q4: Which other nation would the electors of Hanover become monarchs of?
A4: Great Britain
Q5: Who was the first elector from Hanover to sit on the British throne?
A5: George I Louis