LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System (Video games)

All versions incorporate a top-loading slot for game cartridges, although the shape of the slot differs between regions to match the different shapes of the cartridges. The MULTI OUT connector (later used on the Nintendo 64 and GameCube) can output composite video, S-Video and RGB signals, as well as RF with an external RF modulator. Original versions additionally include a 28-pin expansion port under a small cover on the bottom of the unit and a standard RF output with channel selection switch on the back; the redesigned models output composite video only, requiring an external modulator for RF.

Q1: How is the SNES's slot positioned?
A1: top-loading
Q2: What connection types did MULTI OUT support?
A2: composite video, S-Video and RGB signals, as well as RF with an external RF modulator
Q3: How many pins did the SNES expansion port have?
A3: 28
Q4: What output type was the only one directly supported on the SNS-101?
A4: composite
Q5: What other Nintendo systems used MULTI OUT?
A5: Nintendo 64 and GameCube
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System (Video games)

All versions of the SNES are predominantly gray, although the exact shade may differ. The original North American version, designed by Nintendo of America industrial designer Lance Barr (who previously redesigned the Famicom to become the NES), has a boxy design with purple sliding switches and a dark gray eject lever. The loading bay surface is curved, both to invite interaction and to prevent food or drinks from being placed on the console and spilling as had happened with the flat surfaced NES. The Japanese and European versions are more rounded, with darker gray accents and buttons. The North American SNS-101 model and the Japanese Super Famicom Jr. (the SHVC-101 model), all designed by Barr, are both smaller with a rounded contour; however, the SNS-101 buttons are purple where the Super Famicom Jr. buttons are gray. The European and American versions of the SNES controllers have much longer cables compared to the Japanese Super Famicom controllers.

Q1: What color is the SNES?
A1: predominantly gray
Q2: Who designed the North American SNES?
A2: Lance Barr
Q3: What was Barr's job?
A3: industrial designer
Q4: What color were the North American SNES's buttons?
A4: purple
Q5: What color were the Japanese Super Famicom Jr.'s buttons?
A5: gray
Brain (Natural sciences)

All vertebrate brains share a common underlying form, which appears most clearly during early stages of embryonic development. In its earliest form, the brain appears as three swellings at the front end of the neural tube; these swellings eventually become the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain (the prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon, respectively). At the earliest stages of brain development, the three areas are roughly equal in size. In many classes of vertebrates, such as fish and amphibians, the three parts remain similar in size in the adult, but in mammals the forebrain becomes much larger than the other parts, and the midbrain becomes very small.

Q1: The forebrain during development is known as what?
A1: prosencephalon
Q2: The midbrain during development is known as what?
A2: mesencephalon
Q3: The hindbrain during development is known as what?
A3: rhombencephalon
Q4: Which group of animals does the forebrain grow the largest?
A4: mammals
Q5: During development, the brain is made up of three swellings at the front of what?
A5: neural tube;
Brain (Natural sciences)

All vertebrates have a blood–brain barrier that allows metabolism inside the brain to operate differently from metabolism in other parts of the body. Glial cells play a major role in brain metabolism by controlling the chemical composition of the fluid that surrounds neurons, including levels of ions and nutrients.

Q1: What type of cells have a huge role in brain metabolism?
A1: Glial cells
Q2: Glial cells control what inside the brain?
A2: chemical composition of the fluid that surrounds neurons
Gene (Natural sciences)

Alleles at a locus may be dominant or recessive; dominant alleles give rise to their corresponding phenotypes when paired with any other allele for the same trait, whereas recessive alleles give rise to their corresponding phenotype only when paired with another copy of the same allele. For example, if the allele specifying tall stems in pea plants is dominant over the allele specifying short stems, then pea plants that inherit one tall allele from one parent and one short allele from the other parent will also have tall stems. Mendel's work demonstrated that alleles assort independently in the production of gametes, or germ cells, ensuring variation in the next generation. Although Mendelian inheritance remains a good model for many traits determined by single genes (including a number of well-known genetic disorders) it does not include the physical processes of DNA replication and cell division.

Q1: Where can alleles be located in order to be either dominant or recessive?
A1: at a locus
Q2: When paired with any other allele for the same trait, what do dominant alleles give rise to?
A2: their corresponding phenotypes
Q3: When do recessive alleles give rise to their corresponding phenotype?
A3: when paired with another copy of the same allele
Q4: When do alleles assort independently?
A4: in the production of gametes
Q5: What are gametes?
A5: germ cells
Pacific_War (History)

Allied submarines did not adopt a defensive posture and wait for the enemy to attack. Within hours after the Pearl Harbor attack, in retribution against Japan, Roosevelt promulgated a new doctrine: unrestricted submarine warfare against Japan. This meant sinking any warship, commercial vessel, or passenger ship in Axis-controlled waters, without warning and without help to survivors.[nb 13] At the outbreak of the war in the Pacific the Dutch Admiral in charge of the naval defense of the East Indies, Conrad Helfrich, gave instructions to wage war aggressively. His small force of submarines sank more Japanese ships in the first weeks of the war than the entire British and US navies together, an exploit which earned him the nickname "Ship-a-day Helfrich". The Dutch force were in fact the first to sink an enemy warship; On 24 December 1941, HNLMS K XVI torpedoed and sank the Japanese destroyer Sagiri.

Q1: What doctrine did Roosevelt give for submarines against Japan?
A1: unrestricted submarine warfare
Q2: Who was the Dutch Admiral in charge of the East Indies?
A2: Conrad Helfrich
Q3: What was the nickname given to the Dutch Admiral in charge of the East Indies?
A3: "Ship-a-day Helfrich"
Q4: What was the first Japanese warship to be sunk by submarine?
A4: Sagiri
Q5: When was the first Japanese warship sunk by a submarine?
A5: 24 December 1941
Alloy (Mathematics)

Alloying a metal is done by combining it with one or more other metals or non-metals that often enhance its properties. For example, steel is stronger than iron, its primary element. The electrical and thermal conductivity of alloys is usually lower than that of the pure metals. The physical properties, such as density, reactivity, Young's modulus of an alloy may not differ greatly from those of its elements, but engineering properties such as tensile strength and shear strength may be substantially different from those of the constituent materials. This is sometimes a result of the sizes of the atoms in the alloy, because larger atoms exert a compressive force on neighboring atoms, and smaller atoms exert a tensile force on their neighbors, helping the alloy resist deformation. Sometimes alloys may exhibit marked differences in behavior even when small amounts of one element are present. For example, impurities in semiconducting ferromagnetic alloys lead to different properties, as first predicted by White, Hogan, Suhl, Tian Abrie and Nakamura. Some alloys are made by melting and mixing two or more metals. Bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, was the first alloy discovered, during the prehistoric period now known as the bronze age; it was harder than pure copper and originally used to make tools and weapons, but was later superseded by metals and alloys with better properties. In later times bronze has been used for ornaments, bells, statues, and bearings. Brass is an alloy made from copper and zinc.

Q1: What can be done to a metal to enhance its properties?
A1: combining it with one or more other metals or non-metals
Q2: Pure metals have a higher electrical and thermal conductivity than what?
A2: alloys
Q3: When copper and tin is mixed, what is made?
A3: Bronze
Q4: When was the bronze age?
A4: prehistoric period
Q5: Copper and zinc combine to make what?
A5: Brass
Copper (History)

Alloying copper with tin to make bronze was first practiced about 4000 years after the discovery of copper smelting, and about 2000 years after "natural bronze" had come into general use[citation needed]. Bronze artifacts from the Vinča culture date to 4500 BC. Sumerian and Egyptian artifacts of copper and bronze alloys date to 3000 BC. The Bronze Age began in Southeastern Europe around 3700–3300 BC, in Northwestern Europe about 2500 BC. It ended with the beginning of the Iron Age, 2000–1000 BC in the Near East, 600 BC in Northern Europe. The transition between the Neolithic period and the Bronze Age was formerly termed the Chalcolithic period (copper-stone), with copper tools being used with stone tools. This term has gradually fallen out of favor because in some parts of the world the Chalcolithic and Neolithic are coterminous at both ends. Brass, an alloy of copper and zinc, is of much more recent origin. It was known to the Greeks, but became a significant supplement to bronze during the Roman Empire.

Q1: What started about 4000 years after copper smelting was discovered?
A1: Alloying copper with tin to make bronze
Q2: What are the first datings of Bronze artifacts from the Vinca culture?
A2: 4500 BC
Q3: When did the Bronze Age began in Southeastern Europe?
A3: 3700–3300 BC
Q4: What was the transition between the Neolithic period and the bronze age called?
A4: Chalcolithic
Q5: What is an alloy of copper and zinc?
A5: Brass
Alloy (Mathematics)

Alloys are often made to alter the mechanical properties of the base metal, to induce hardness, toughness, ductility, or other desired properties. Most metals and alloys can be work hardened by creating defects in their crystal structure. These defects are created during plastic deformation, such as hammering or bending, and are permanent unless the metal is recrystallized. However, some alloys can also have their properties altered by heat treatment. Nearly all metals can be softened by annealing, which recrystallizes the alloy and repairs the defects, but not as many can be hardened by controlled heating and cooling. Many alloys of aluminium, copper, magnesium, titanium, and nickel can be strengthened to some degree by some method of heat treatment, but few respond to this to the same degree that steel does.

Q1: What kind of treatment can be made to alter it's properties?
A1: heat treatment
Q2: Softening metals can be achieved by?
A2: annealing
Q3: Aluminium, copper, magnesium, titanium, and nickel can be strengthened by?
A3: heat treatment
Q4: Annealling softens metals by achieving what?
A4: recrystallizes the alloy and repairs the defects
Zinc (Unknown)

Alloys of primarily zinc with small amounts of copper, aluminium, and magnesium are useful in die casting as well as spin casting, especially in the automotive, electrical, and hardware industries. These alloys are marketed under the name Zamak. An example of this is zinc aluminium. The low melting point together with the low viscosity of the alloy makes the production of small and intricate shapes possible. The low working temperature leads to rapid cooling of the cast products and therefore fast assembly is possible. Another alloy, marketed under the brand name Prestal, contains 78% zinc and 22% aluminium and is reported to be nearly as strong as steel but as malleable as plastic. This superplasticity of the alloy allows it to be molded using die casts made of ceramics and cement.

Q1: Aside from die casting, what are alloys of zinc mixed with copper, aluminium and magnesium used for?
A1: spin casting
Q2: Alloys of zinc mixed with copper, aluminium and magnesium are marketed as what?
A2: Zamak
Q3: What is possible to produce thanks to the low melting point and low viscosity of zinc aluminium alloy?
A3: small and intricate shapes
Q4: What brand name of alloy is supposed to be as strong as steel while still being malleable as plastic?
A4: Prestal
Q5: What is used to mold Prestal?
A5: die casts made of ceramics and cement.
To_Kill_a_Mockingbird (Language and literature)

Allusions to legal issues in To Kill a Mockingbird, particularly in scenes outside of the courtroom, has drawn the attention from legal scholars. Claudia Durst Johnson writes that "a greater volume of critical readings has been amassed by two legal scholars in law journals than by all the literary scholars in literary journals". The opening quote by the 19th-century essayist Charles Lamb reads: "Lawyers, I suppose, were children once." Johnson notes that even in Scout and Jem's childhood world, compromises and treaties are struck with each other by spitting on one's palm and laws are discussed by Atticus and his children: is it right that Bob Ewell hunts and traps out of season? Many social codes are broken by people in symbolic courtrooms: Mr. Dolphus Raymond has been exiled by society for taking a black woman as his common-law wife and having interracial children; Mayella Ewell is beaten by her father in punishment for kissing Tom Robinson; by being turned into a non-person, Boo Radley receives a punishment far greater than any court could have given him. Scout repeatedly breaks codes and laws and reacts to her punishment for them. For example, she refuses to wear frilly clothes, saying that Aunt Alexandra's "fanatical" attempts to place her in them made her feel "a pink cotton penitentiary closing in on [her]". Johnson states, "[t]he novel is a study of how Jem and Scout begin to perceive the complexity of social codes and how the configuration of relationships dictated by or set off by those codes fails or nurtures the inhabitants of (their) small worlds."

Q1: Which character is chastised in the book for marrying a black woman?
A1: Dolphus Raymond
Q2: Who does Charles Lamb speculate were once children?
A2: Lawyers
Q3: What is another name for Scout's pink cotton penitentiary?
A3: frilly clothes
FA_Cup (Sports and recreation)

Almost 60 years later, 80 year old career criminal Henry (Harry) James Burge claimed to have committed the theft, confessing to a newspaper, with the story being published in the Sunday Pictorial newspaper on 23 February 1958. He claimed to have carried out the robbery with two other men, although when discrepancies with a contemporaneous report in the Birmingham Post newspaper (the crime pre-dated written police reports) in his account of the means of entry and other items stolen, detectives decided there was no realistic possibility of a conviction and the case was closed. Burge claimed the cup had been melted down to make counterfeit half-crown coins, which matched known intelligence of the time, in which stolen silver was being used to forge coins which were then laundered through betting shops at a local racecourse, although Burge had no past history of forgery in a record of 42 previous convictions for which he had spent 42 years in prison. He had been further imprisoned in 1957 for seven years for theft from cars. Released in 1961, he died in 1964.

Q1: How claims to have stolen the FA cup? 
A1: 80 year old career criminal Henry (Harry) James Burge claimed to have committed the theft
Q2: Did he act alone? 
A2: He claimed to have carried out the robbery with two other men
Q3: How long go did this crime take place? 
A3: 60 years
Q4: What did Burge do with the cup? 
A4: the cup had been melted down to make counterfeit half-crown coins
Q5: What did they do with those coins? 
A5: stolen silver was being used to forge coins which were then laundered through betting shops at a local racecourse
Paris (Geography and places)

Almost all Protestant denominations are represented in Paris, with 74 evangelical churches from various denominations, including 21 parishes of the United Protestant Church of France and two parishes of the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints. There are several important churches for the English-speaking community: the American Church in Paris, founded in 1814, was the first American church outside the United States; the current church was finished in 1931. The Saint George's Anglican Church in the 16th arrondissement is the principal Anglican church in the city.

Q1: How many evangelical churches are there in Paris?
A1: 74
Q2: How many parishes of the LDS church are in Paris?
A2: two
Q3: When was the American Church in Paris founded?
A3: 1814
Q4: What is the principal Anglican church in Paris?
A4: Saint George's Anglican Church
Brain (Natural sciences)

Almost all animals are capable of modifying their behavior as a result of experience—even the most primitive types of worms. Because behavior is driven by brain activity, changes in behavior must somehow correspond to changes inside the brain. Theorists dating back to Santiago Ramón y Cajal argued that the most plausible explanation is that learning and memory are expressed as changes in the synaptic connections between neurons. Until 1970, however, experimental evidence to support the synaptic plasticity hypothesis was lacking. In 1971 Tim Bliss and Terje Lømo published a paper on a phenomenon now called long-term potentiation: the paper showed clear evidence of activity-induced synaptic changes that lasted for at least several days. Since then technical advances have made these sorts of experiments much easier to carry out, and thousands of studies have been made that have clarified the mechanism of synaptic change, and uncovered other types of activity-driven synaptic change in a variety of brain areas, including the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and physical activity appear to play a beneficial role in the process.

Q1: In what year did Tim Bliss and Terje Lomo publish a paper about long-term potentiation?
A1: 1971
Q2: BDNF is an abbreviation for what term?
A2: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Q3: Learning and memory expressed as changes in the synaptic connections was first theorized by whom?
A3: Santiago Ramón y Cajal
Classical_music (Music)

Almost all of the composers who are described in music textbooks on classical music and whose works are widely performed as part of the standard concert repertoire are male composers, even though there has been a large number of women composers throughout the classical music period. Musicologist Marcia Citron has asked "[w]hy is music composed by women so marginal to the standard 'classical' repertoire?" Citron "examines the practices and attitudes that have led to the exclusion of women composers from the received 'canon' of performed musical works." She argues that in the 1800s, women composers typically wrote art songs for performance in small recitals rather than symphonies intended for performance with an orchestra in a large hall, with the latter works being seen as the most important genre for composers; since women composers did not write many symphonies, they were deemed to be not notable as composers. In the "...Concise Oxford History of Music, Clara Shumann  [sic] is one of the only  [sic] female composers mentioned." Abbey Philips states that "[d]uring the 20th century the women who were composing/playing gained far less attention than their male counterparts."

Q1: What gender are most composers described in music textbooks?
A1: male
Q2: Who asked why is music composed by women so marginal to the standard 'classical' repertoire?
A2: Musicologist Marcia Citron
Q3: Why were women composers deemed not notable?
A3: did not write many symphonies
Q4: Who is one of the only female composers mentioned?
A4: Clara Shumann
Q5: What type of music did women composers typically write?
A5: art songs
Vacuum (Natural sciences)

Almost two thousand years after Plato, René Descartes also proposed a geometrically based alternative theory of atomism, without the problematic nothing–everything dichotomy of void and atom. Although Descartes agreed with the contemporary position, that a vacuum does not occur in nature, the success of his namesake coordinate system and more implicitly, the spatial–corporeal component of his metaphysics would come to define the philosophically modern notion of empty space as a quantified extension of volume. By the ancient definition however, directional information and magnitude were conceptually distinct. With the acquiescence of Cartesian mechanical philosophy to the "brute fact" of action at a distance, and at length, its successful reification by force fields and ever more sophisticated geometric structure, the anachronism of empty space widened until "a seething ferment" of quantum activity in the 20th century filled the vacuum with a virtual pleroma.

Q1: What did Descartes believe about vacuums in nature?
A1: that a vacuum does not occur in nature
Q2: Whose work with metaphysics would come to define the notion of empty space?
A2: Descartes
Q3: What philosophy combined with Descartes to push quantum activity in the 20th century?
A3: Cartesian mechanical philosophy
Anthropology (Social sciences and society)

Along with dividing up their project by theoretical emphasis, anthropologists typically divide the world up into relevant time periods and geographic regions. Human time on Earth is divided up into relevant cultural traditions based on material, such as the Paleolithic and the Neolithic, of particular use in archaeology.[citation needed] Further cultural subdivisions according to tool types, such as Olduwan or Mousterian or Levalloisian help archaeologists and other anthropologists in understanding major trends in the human past.[citation needed] Anthropologists and geographers share approaches to Culture regions as well, since mapping cultures is central to both sciences. By making comparisons across cultural traditions (time-based) and cultural regions (space-based), anthropologists have developed various kinds of comparative method, a central part of their science.

Q1: How do anthropologists typically like to divide up the world?
A1: relevant time periods and geographic regions
Q2: How has human time on Earth been divided up?
A2: cultural traditions based on material
Q3: Olduwan, Mousterian, and Levalloisian are all types of what?
A3: tool
Q4: Mapping cultures is central to both the sciences of anthropologists and who else?
A4: geographers
Q5: What is a central part of the science of anthropology?
A5: comparative method
John_von_Neumann (Mathematics)

Along with four other scientists and various military personnel, von Neumann was included in the target selection committee responsible for choosing the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki as the first targets of the atomic bomb. Von Neumann oversaw computations related to the expected size of the bomb blasts, estimated death tolls, and the distance above the ground at which the bombs should be detonated for optimum shock wave propagation and thus maximum effect. The cultural capital Kyoto, which had been spared the bombing inflicted upon militarily significant cities, was von Neumann's first choice, a selection seconded by Manhattan Project leader General Leslie Groves. However, this target was dismissed by Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson.

Q1: What other people worked with von Neumann on target selection?
A1: four other scientists and various military personnel
Q2: What role did von Neuman play in the selection of targets?
A2: oversaw computations
Q3: What was von Neumann's first choice for target city?
A3: Kyoto
Q4: Who dismissed von Neuamann's primary target city?
A4: Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson.