LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
New_York_City (Geography and places)

During the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the geologic foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, the ice sheet would help split apart what are now Long Island and Staten Island.

Q1: What island was once a part of Long Island?
A1: Staten Island
Q2: During what period was the area around New York City located at the edge of an ice sheet 1,000 feet deep?
A2: the Wisconsinan glaciation
Q3: Long Island and Staten Island were split in half by what geographical phenomenon?
A3: ice sheet
Tennessee (Geography and places)

During the administration of U.S. President Martin Van Buren, nearly 17,000 Cherokees—along with approximately 2,000 black slaves owned by Cherokees—were uprooted from their homes between 1838 and 1839 and were forced by the U.S. military to march from "emigration depots" in Eastern Tennessee (such as Fort Cass) toward the more distant Indian Territory west of Arkansas. During this relocation an estimated 4,000 Cherokees died along the way west. In the Cherokee language, the event is called Nunna daul Isunyi—"the Trail Where We Cried." The Cherokees were not the only American Indians forced to emigrate as a result of the Indian removal efforts of the United States, and so the phrase "Trail of Tears" is sometimes used to refer to similar events endured by other American Indian peoples, especially among the "Five Civilized Tribes". The phrase originated as a description of the earlier emigration of the Choctaw nation.

Q1: Which US President oversaw the forced westward relocation of Cherokees beginning in 1838?
A1: Martin Van Buren
Q2: How many Cherokee-owned black slaves were also relocated between 1838 and 1839?
A2: 2,000
Q3: What Cherokee phrase means "the trail where we cried?"
A3: Nunna daul Isunyi
Q4: Which Native American nation's emigration was first associated with the term "Trail of Tears?"
A4: Choctaw
Q5: Approximately how many Cherokees died along their "Trail of Tears?"
A5: 4,000
Black_people (Language and literature)

During the apartheid era, those classed as "Coloured" were oppressed and discriminated against. But, they had limited rights and overall had slightly better socioeconomic conditions than those classed as "Black". The government required that Blacks and Coloureds live in areas separate from Whites, creating large townships located away from the cities as areas for Blacks.

Q1: Who was oppressed and discriminated against?
A1: those classed as "Coloured"
Q2: What era did this discrimination take place?
A2: During the apartheid era
Q3: Who were "Coloured" people above in the class system?
A3: those classed as "Black"
Q4: Where were the "black" areas?
A4: large townships located away from the cities
United_States_Air_Force (Warfare)

During the board process an officer's record is reviewed by a selection board at the Air Force Personnel Center at Randolph Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas. At the 10 to 11 year mark, captains will take part in a selection board to major. If not selected, they will meet a follow-on board to determine if they will be allowed to remain in the Air Force. Promotion from major to lieutenant colonel is similar and occurs approximately between the thirteen year (for officers who were promoted to major early "below the zone") and the fifteen year mark, where a certain percentage of majors will be selected below zone (i.e., "early"), in zone (i.e., "on time") or above zone (i.e., "late") for promotion to lieutenant colonel. This process will repeat at the 16 year mark (for officers previously promoted early to major and lieutenant colonel) to the 21 year mark for promotion to full colonel.

Q1: Where is an officer's record in the USAF reviewed for a promotion?
A1: Air Force Personnel Center at Randolph Air Force Base
Q2: What state is the Randolph Air Force Base located in? 
A2: Texas
Q3: When does promotion from major to lieutenant colonel in the USAF typically occur?
A3: thirteen year
Q4: The promotion process repeats when for officers promoted early in the USAF?
A4: 16 year mark
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) (History)

During the campaign for the United Kingdom general election, 2010, The Independent ran ads declaring that "Rupert Murdoch won't decide this election – you will." In response James Murdoch and Rebekah Wade "appeared unannounced and uninvited on the editorial floor" of the Independent, and had an energetic conversation with its editor Simon Kelner. Several days later the Independent reported The Sun's failure to report its own YouGov poll result which said that "if people thought Mr Clegg's party had a significant chance of winning the election" the Liberal Democrats would win 49% of the vote, and with it a landslide majority.

Q1: Who showed up on the editorial floor of the Independent?
A1: James Murdoch and Rebekah Wade
Q2: Who was the editor of the Independent?
A2: Simon Kelner
Q3: What did The Sun neglect to report concerning the upcoming election?
A3: its own YouGov poll result
Q4: Who did the Independent state wouldn't decide the election?
A4: Rupert Murdoch
Q5: What year was the United Kingdom general election?
A5: 2010
Napoleon (History)

During the campaign, Bonaparte became increasingly influential in French politics. He founded two newspapers: one for the troops in his army and another for circulation in France. The royalists attacked Bonaparte for looting Italy and warned that he might become a dictator. All told, Napoleon's forces extracted an estimated $45 million in funds from Italy during their campaign there, another $12 million in precious metals and jewels; atop that, his forces confiscated more than three-hundred priceless paintings and sculptures. Bonaparte sent General Pierre Augereau to Paris to lead a coup d'état and purge the royalists on 4 September—Coup of 18 Fructidor. This left Barras and his Republican allies in control again but dependent on Bonaparte, who proceeded to peace negotiations with Austria. These negotiations resulted in the Treaty of Campo Formio, and Bonaparte returned to Paris in December as a hero. He met Talleyrand, France's new Foreign Minister—who later served in the same capacity for Emperor Napoleon—and they began to prepare for an invasion of Britain.

Q1: For what action during the Italian campaign did the royalists condemn Bonaparte?
A1: looting
Q2: About how much money did Napoleon's army take from Italy during the conflict there?
A2: $45 million
Q3: Approximately how many valuable paintings and sculpture's did Napoleon's forces loot from Italy during the campaign there?
A3: three-hundred
Q4: What was the name of the general sent to Paris by Napoleon to organize a coup against the royalists there?
A4: Pierre Augereau
Q5: Napoleon's peace negotiations with Austria brought about what treaty?
A5: the Treaty of Campo Formio
Carnival (Philosophy and religion)

During the celebration, theaters called tablados are built in many places throughout the cities, especially in Montevideo. Traditionally formed by men and now starting to be open to women, the different Carnival groups (Murgas, Lubolos or Parodistas) perform a kind of popular opera at the tablados, singing and dancing songs that generally relate to the social and political situation. The 'Calls' groups, basically formed by drummers playing the tamboril, perform candombe rhythmic figures. Revelers wear their festival clothing. Each group has its own theme. Women wearing elegant, bright dresses are called vedettes and provide a sensual touch to parades.

Q1: What are built in many places through the cities?
A1: tablados
Q2: What do the different Carnival groups perform together?
A2: opera
Q3: What do the topics of the shows put on at the tablados typically relate to?
A3: the social and political situation
Q4: What type of rhythmic figures are performed by the drummers playing the tamboril?
A4: candombe
Q5: What sort of touch do the vedettes provide to the parades?
A5: sensual
Portugal (Geography and places)

During the century of internecine struggles for dominance among the Northern Christians kingdoms, the County of Portugal, formed the southern portion of the Kingdom of Galicia. At times the Kingdom of Galicia existed independently for short periods, but usually formed an important part of the Kingdom of Leon. Throughout this period, the people of County of Portugal as Galicians found themselves struggling to maintain the autonomy of Galicia with its distinct language and culture (Galician-Portuguese) from the Leonese culture, whenever the status of the Kingdom of Galicia changed in relation to the Kingdom of Leon. As a result of political division, Galician-Portuguese lost its unity when the County of Portugal separated from the Kingdom of Galicia (a dependent kingdom of Leon) to establish the Kingdom of Portugal. The Galician and Portuguese versions of the language then diverged over time as they followed independent evolutionary paths. This began occurring when the Kingdom of Leon and the Kingdom of Castile united and the Castilian Language (known as Spanish) slowly over the centuries began influencing the Galician Language and then trying to replace it. The same thing happened to Astur-Leonese Language to the point where it is greatly reduced or completely replaced by the Castilian (Spanish Language).

Q1: During the internecine struggles, what did the the people of Country of Portugal struggle with?
A1: maintain the autonomy of Galicia with its distinct language and culture (Galician-Portuguese) from the Leonese culture
Q2: The County of Portugal separated from the Kingdom of Galicia to establish what?
A2: the Kingdom of Portugal
Q3: Portugese diverged from which language? 
A3: Galician
Q4: What is the Castilian Lanugage known as?
A4: Spanish
Q5: By which language was the Astur-Leonese replaced?
A5: Castilian (Spanish Language)
Freemasonry (Unknown)

During the ceremony of initiation, the candidate is expected to swear (usually on a volume of sacred text appropriate to his personal religious faith) to fulfil certain obligations as a Mason. In the course of three degrees, new masons will promise to keep the secrets of their degree from lower degrees and outsiders, and to support a fellow Mason in distress (as far as practicality and the law permit). There is instruction as to the duties of a Freemason, but on the whole, Freemasons are left to explore the craft in the manner they find most satisfying. Some will further explore the ritual and symbolism of the craft, others will focus their involvement on the social side of the Lodge, while still others will concentrate on the charitable functions of the lodge.

Q1: When does a candidate swear to fullfil his obligations as a Mason?
A1: During the ceremony of initiation
Q2: What does a candidate swear on?
A2: usually on a volume of sacred text
Q3: How many degrees must a Mason swear to keep the secrets from outsiders?
A3: three degrees
Q4: Are Freemasons free to explore the craft?
A4: Freemasons are left to explore the craft in the manner they find most satisfying
Wood (Natural sciences)

During the development of a tree, the lower limbs often die, but may remain attached for a time, sometimes years. Subsequent layers of growth of the attaching stem are no longer intimately joined with the dead limb, but are grown around it. Hence, dead branches produce knots which are not attached, and likely to drop out after the tree has been sawn into boards.

Q1: What will the lower limbs of a tree usually do during development?
A1: die
Q2: For what length of time can a dead lower limb stay attached to a tree?
A2: years
Q3: Rather than being joined to the limb that died, where do subsequent layers grow?
A3: around it
Q4: Are the knots that dead tree limbs form attached or not attached?
A4: not attached
Q5: A detached knot will probably drop out of the wood when someone saws it into what?
A5: boards
FC_Barcelona (Sports and recreation)

During the dictatorships of Miguel Primo de Rivera (1923–1930) and especially of Francisco Franco (1939–1975), all regional cultures were suppressed. All of the languages spoken in Spanish territory, except Spanish (Castilian) itself, were officially banned. Symbolising the Catalan people's desire for freedom, Barça became 'More than a club' (Més que un club) for the Catalans. According to Manuel Vázquez Montalbán, the best way for the Catalans to demonstrate their identity was by joining Barça. It was less risky than joining a clandestine anti-Franco movement, and allowed them to express their dissidence. During Franco's regime, however, the blaugrana team was granted profit due to its good relationship with the dictator at management level, even giving two awards to him.

Q1: What caused the suppression of regional cultures?
A1: dictatorships
Q2: Of the languages of the are, what was the only approved language?
A2: Spanish (Castilian)
Q3: How did the Catalans show their identity during the dictatorships?
A3: joining Barça
Q4: What team was awarded by Franco for having a good relationship?
A4: blaugrana
Q5: What motto of the team Barcelona appealed to the Catalans?
A5: 'More than a club'
Raleigh,_North_Carolina (Geography and places)

During the difficult 1930s of the Great Depression, government at all levels was integral to creating jobs. The city provided recreational and educational programs, and hired people for public works projects. In 1932, Raleigh Memorial Auditorium was dedicated. The North Carolina Symphony, founded the same year, performed in its new home. From 1934 to 1937, the federal Civilian Conservation Corps constructed the area now known as William B. Umstead State Park. In 1939, the State General Assembly chartered the Raleigh-Durham Aeronautical Authority to build a larger airport between Raleigh and Durham, with the first flight occurring in 1943.

Q1: When was the Great Depression?
A1: 1930s
Q2: What did the city provide during the Great Depression?
A2: recreational and educational programs
Q3: What was dedicated in 1932?
A3: Raleigh Memorial Auditorium
Q4: What year was the North Carolina Symphony founded?
A4: 1932
Q5: What was charted in 1939?
A5: Raleigh-Durham Aeronautical Authority to build a larger airport between Raleigh and Durham,
Classical_music (Music)

During the earlier medieval period, the vocal music from the liturgical genre, predominantly Gregorian chant, was monophonic, using a single, unaccompanied vocal melody line. Polyphonic vocal genres, which used multiple independent vocal melodies, began to develop during the high medieval era, becoming prevalent by the later 13th and early 14th century.

Q1: What genre was predominately Gregorian chant during the earlier medieval period?
A1: liturgical
Q2: What genre uses multiple independent vocal melodies?
A2: Polyphonic vocal genres
Q3: When did the Polyphonic vocal genre begin to develop?
A3: during the high medieval era
Q4: What word means using a single unaccompanied vocal melody line?
A4: monophonic
United_States_Air_Force (Warfare)

During the early 2000s, the USAF fumbled several high profile aircraft procurement projects, such as the missteps on the KC-X program. Winslow Wheeler has written that this pattern represents "failures of intellect and – much more importantly – ethics." As a result, the USAF fleet is setting new records for average aircraft age and needs to replace its fleets of fighters, bombers, airborne tankers, and airborne warning aircraft, in an age of restrictive defense budgets. Finally in the midst of scandal and failure in maintaining its nuclear arsenal, the civilian and military leaders of the air force were replaced in 2008.

Q1: When did the USAF have several missteps of aircraft procurement projects? 
A1: early 2000s
Q2: Who wrote that these aircraft procurement projects were a failure of intellect and ethics?
A2: Winslow Wheeler
Q3: When were the military leaders replaced after a scandal over failure to maintain its nuclear arsenal? 
A3: 2008
Westminster_Abbey (Art and architecture)

During the early 20th century it became increasingly common to bury cremated remains rather than coffins in the abbey. In 1905 the actor Sir Henry Irving was cremated and his ashes buried in Westminster Abbey, thereby becoming the first person ever to be cremated prior to interment at the abbey. The majority of interments at the Abbey are of cremated remains, but some burials still take place - Frances Challen, wife of the Rev Sebastian Charles, Canon of Westminster, was buried alongside her husband in the south choir aisle in 2014. Members of the Percy Family have a family vault, The Northumberland Vault, in St Nicholas's chapel within the abbey.

Q1: In the early 20th century it became more common to bury what kind of remains?
A1: cremated
Q2: In what year was Sir Henry Irving cremated?
A2: 1905
Q3: Who was buried in the south choir aisle in 2014?
A3: Frances Challen
Q4: What family has the Northumberland Vault?
A4: Percy Family
Miami (Geography and places)

During the early 20th century, northerners were attracted to the city, and Miami prospered during the 1920s with an increase in population and infrastructure. The legacy of Jim Crow was embedded in these developments. Miami's chief of police, H. Leslie Quigg, did not hide the fact that he, like many other white Miami police officers, was a member of the Ku Klux Klan. Unsurprisingly, these officers enforced social codes far beyond the written law. Quigg, for example, "personally and publicly beat a colored bellboy to death for speaking directly to a white woman."

Q1: Who was a notable chief of the Miami police?
A1: H. Leslie Quigg
Q2: To what controversial organization did a Miami chief of police belong?
A2: Ku Klux Klan
Q3: For what reason did H. Leslie Quigg kill a black man?
A3: speaking directly to a white woman
Q4: What was the occupation of the African-American man killed by Quigg?
A4: bellboy
Middle_Ages (History)

During the early High Middle Ages, Germany was ruled by the Ottonian dynasty, which struggled to control the powerful dukes ruling over territorial duchies tracing back to the Migration period. In 1024, they were replaced by the Salian dynasty, who famously clashed with the papacy under Emperor Henry IV (r. 1084–1105) over church appointments as part of the Investiture Controversy. His successors continued to struggle against the papacy as well as the German nobility. A period of instability followed the death of Emperor Henry V (r. 1111–25), who died without heirs, until Frederick I Barbarossa (r. 1155–90) took the imperial throne. Although he ruled effectively, the basic problems remained, and his successors continued to struggle into the 13th century. Barbarossa's grandson Frederick II (r. 1220–1250), who was also heir to the throne of Sicily through his mother, clashed repeatedly with the papacy. His court was famous for its scholars and he was often accused of heresy. He and his successors faced many difficulties, including the invasion of the Mongols into Europe in the mid-13th century. Mongols first shattered the Kievan Rus' principalities and then invaded Eastern Europe in 1241, 1259, and 1287.

Q1: What dynasty controlled Germany in the early High Middle Ages?
A1: Ottonian
Q2: What dynasty ruled Germany starting in 1024?
A2: Salian
Q3: When did Henry IV's reign begin?
A3: 1084
Q4: The clash between Henry IV and the pope was part of what greater conflict?
A4: Investiture Controversy
Q5: What was the regnal name of Frederick I Barbarossa's grandson?
A5: Frederick II
Marshall_Islands (Geography and places)

During the early years of the Cold War from 1946 to 1958, the United States tested 67 nuclear weapons at its Pacific Proving Grounds located in the Marshall Islands, including the largest atmospheric nuclear test ever conducted by the U.S., code named Castle Bravo. "The bombs had a total yield of 108,496 kilotons, over 7,200 times more powerful than the atomic weapons used during World War II." With the 1952 test of the first U.S. hydrogen bomb, code named "Ivy Mike," the island of Elugelab in the Enewetak atoll was destroyed. In 1956, the United States Atomic Energy Commission regarded the Marshall Islands as "by far the most contaminated place in the world."

Q1: In what year did the Cold War begin?
A1: 1946
Q2: How many nuclear weapons were tested in the Marshall Islands between 1946 and 1958?
A2: 67
Q3: What was the name of the United States' largest atmospheric nuclear test?
A3: Castle Bravo
Q4: What was the yield of the Castle Bravo bombs in kilotons?
A4: 108,496
Q5: Which of the Marshall Islands was destroyed in a United States hydrogen bomb test?
A5: Elugelab
LaserDisc (Engineering and technology)

During the early years, MCA also manufactured discs for other companies including Paramount, Disney and Warner Bros. Some of them added their own names to the disc jacket to signify that the movie was not owned by MCA. After Discovision Associates shut down in early 1982, Universal Studio's videodisc software label, called MCA Videodisc until 1984, began reissuing many DiscoVision titles. Unfortunately, quite a few, such as Battlestar Galactica and Jaws, were time-compressed versions of their CAV or CLV Disco Vision originals. The time-compressed CLV re-issue of Jaws no longer had the original soundtrack, having had incidental background music replaced for the video disc version due to licensing cost (the music would not be available until the THX LaserDisc box set was released in 1995). One Universal/Columbia co-production issued by MCA Disco Vision in both CAV and CLV versions, The Electric Horseman, is still not available in any other home video format with its original score intact; even the most recent DVD release has had substantial music replacements of both instrumental score and Willie Nelson's songs. An MCA release of Universal's Howard the Duck, sees only the start credits shown in widescreen before changing to 4:3 for the rest of the film. For many years this was the only disc-based release of the film, until widescreen DVD formats were released with extras. Also, the LaserDisc release of E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is the only format to include the cut scene of Harrison Ford playing the part of the school headmaster telling off Elliott for letting the frogs free in the biology class.

Q1: What other companies did MCA manufacture discs for?
A1: Paramount, Disney and Warner Bros
Q2: What quirk is present in MCA's release of Howard the Duck?
A2: only the start credits shown in widescreen before changing to 4:3 for the rest of the film
Q3: What is unique about the LaserDisc release of E.T.?
A3: only format to include the cut scene of Harrison Ford playing the part of the school headmaster
Q4: Which film is only available with its original score in LD format , even today?
A4: The Electric Horseman
Hunting (Sports and recreation)

During the feudal and colonial times in British India, hunting was regarded as a regal sport in the numerous princely states, as many maharajas and nawabs, as well as British officers, maintained a whole corps of shikaris (big-game hunters), who were native professional hunters. They would be headed by a master of the hunt, who might be styled mir-shikar. Often, they recruited the normally low-ranking local tribes because of their traditional knowledge of the environment and hunting techniques. Big game, such as Bengal tigers, might be hunted from the back of an elephant.

Q1: What was hunting regarded as in British India?
A1: regal sport
Q2: What does the Indian word "shikaris" mean in English?
A2: big-game hunters
Q3: What did British officers maintain whole corps of?
A3: shikaris
Q4: Why did the regals recruit low-ranking local tribes when hunting?
A4: because of their traditional knowledge of the environment and hunting techniques
Q5: What could a Bengal tiger be hunted from the back of?
A5: an elephant
Q6: Where was hunting reguarded as a regal sport?
A6: British India
Q7: What is hunted from the back of an elephant?
A7: Bengal tigers
Q8: Who did British officers maintain?
A8: shikaris
Q9: Who were the shikaris headed by?
A9: master of the hunt
Q10: Why were low-ranking local tribes recruited?
A10: because of their traditional knowledge of the environment and hunting techniques