LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Hindu_philosophy (Philosophy and religion)

Advaita literally means "not two, sole, unity". It is a sub-school of Vedanta, and asserts spiritual and universal non-dualism. Its metaphysics is a form of absolute monism, that is all ultimate reality is interconnected oneness. This is the oldest and most widely acknowledged Vedantic school. The foundational texts of this school are the Brahma Sutras and the early Upanishads from the 1st millennium BCE. Its first great consolidator was the 8th century scholar Adi Shankara, who continued the line of thought of the Upanishadic teachers, and that of his teacher's teacher Gaudapada. He wrote extensive commentaries on the major Vedantic scriptures and is celebrated as one of the major Hindu philosophers from whose doctrines the main currents of modern Indian thought are derived.

Q1: What means 
A1: Advaita
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 (History)

Advanced economies led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis with "emerging" and "developing" economies lagging behind. The crisis completely overturned this relationship. The International Monetary Fund found that "advanced" economies accounted for only 31% of global GDP while emerging and developing economies accounted for 69% of global GDP from 2007 to 2014. In the tables, the names of emergent economies are shown in boldface type, while the names of developed economies are in Roman (regular) type.

Q1: Who led global economic growth after the financial crisis?
A1: "emerging" and "developing" economies
Q2: How much global GDP did emerging and developing economies account for from 2007 to 2014?
A2: 69%
Q3: How much global GDP did "advanced" economies account for from 2007 to 2014?
A3: 31%
Q4: What economies led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis?
A4: Advanced economies
Q5: What relationship between advanced and emerging/developing was completely overturned by the financial crisis of 2007?
A5: global economic growth
Gene (Natural sciences)

Advances in understanding genes and inheritance continued throughout the 20th century. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was shown to be the molecular repository of genetic information by experiments in the 1940s to 1950s. The structure of DNA was studied by Rosalind Franklin using X-ray crystallography, which led James D. Watson and Francis Crick to publish a model of the double-stranded DNA molecule whose paired nucleotide bases indicated a compelling hypothesis for the mechanism of genetic replication. Collectively, this body of research established the central dogma of molecular biology, which states that proteins are translated from RNA, which is transcribed from DNA. This dogma has since been shown to have exceptions, such as reverse transcription in retroviruses. The modern study of genetics at the level of DNA is known as molecular genetics.

Q1: What was shown to be the molecular repository of genetic information by experiments in the 1940s to 1950s?
A1: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Q2: Who studied the structure of DNA using x-ray crystallography?
A2: Rosalind Franklin
Q3: What two scientists published a model of the double stranded DNA molecule?
A3: James D. Watson and Francis Crick
Q4: What is one exception to the central dogma of molecular biology?
A4: reverse transcription in retroviruses
Q5: What is the modern study of genetics at the level of DNA known as?
A5: molecular genetics
Muslim_world (Philosophy and religion)

Advances were made in irrigation and farming, using new technology such as the windmill. Crops such as almonds and citrus fruit were brought to Europe through al-Andalus, and sugar cultivation was gradually adopted by the Europeans. Arab merchants dominated trade in the Indian Ocean until the arrival of the Portuguese in the 16th century. Hormuz was an important center for this trade. There was also a dense network of trade routes in the Mediterranean, along which Muslim countries traded with each other and with European powers such as Venice, Genoa and Catalonia. The Silk Road crossing Central Asia passed through Muslim states between China and Europe.

Q1: What was the windmill used for?
A1: irrigation and farming
Q2: which crops were brought to europe from the Muslim World?
A2: almonds and citrus fruit
Q3: Trading in the Indian ocean was mainly controlled by whom?
A3: Arab merchants
Q4: When did the Portuguese arrive in the Indian Ocean?
A4: 16th century
Q5: Where was an important center of Indian Ocean trading in the 16th century?
A5: Hormuz
Portugal (Geography and places)

Adventurer and poet Luís de Camões (c. 1524–1580) wrote the epic poem "Os Lusíadas" (The Lusiads), with Virgil's Aeneid as his main influence. Modern Portuguese poetry is rooted in neoclassic and contemporary styles, as exemplified by Fernando Pessoa (1888–1935). Modern Portuguese literature is represented by authors such as Almeida Garrett, Camilo Castelo Branco, Eça de Queiroz, Fernando Pessoa, Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, António Lobo Antunes and Miguel Torga. Particularly popular and distinguished is José Saramago, recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Literature.

Q1: Who was Luís de Camões?
A1: Adventurer and poet
Q2: What epic poem did Luís de Camões write?
A2: "Os Lusíadas" (The Lusiads)
Q3: What was Luís de Camões main influence?
A3: Virgil's Aeneid
Q4: What styles are modern Portuguese poetry rooted in?
A4: neoclassic and contemporary styles
Q5: Who are some modern Portuguese authors?
A5: Almeida Garrett, Camilo Castelo Branco, Eça de Queiroz, Fernando Pessoa, Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, António Lobo Antunes and Miguel Torga
Pharmaceutical_industry (Natural sciences)

Advertising is common in healthcare journals as well as through more mainstream media routes. In some countries, notably the US, they are allowed to advertise directly to the general public. Pharmaceutical companies generally employ sales people (often called 'drug reps' or, an older term, 'detail men') to market directly and personally to physicians and other healthcare providers. In some countries, notably the US, pharmaceutical companies also employ lobbyists to influence politicians. Marketing of prescription drugs in the US is regulated by the federal Prescription Drug Marketing Act of 1987.

Q1: "Drug reps" are usually hired by what type of firms?
A1: Pharmaceutical companies
Q2: What law regulates drug marketing in the US?
A2: Prescription Drug Marketing Act of 1987
Q3: Who do drug reps market to?
A3: directly and personally to physicians
Gymnastics (Sports and recreation)

Aerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17 trios and mixed pairs. From 2009, all senior trios and mixed pairs were required to be on the larger floor (10x10m), all groups also perform on this floor. Routines generally last 60–90 seconds depending on age of participant and routine category.

Q1: What was aerobic gymnastics called orginally?
A1: Sport Aerobics
Q2: What does aerobic gymnastiscs involve?
A2: the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness
Q3: How many people can be in a routine?
A3: individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people
Q4: What is the size of the mat?
A4: 7x7m
Q5: How long do the routines last?
A5: Routines generally last 60–90 seconds depending on age of participant and routine category
United_States_Air_Force (Warfare)

Aeromedical Evacuation is "the movement of patients under medical supervision to and between medical treatment facilities by air transportation" (JP 1-02). JP 4-02, Health Service Support, further defines it as "the fixed wing movement of regulated casualties to and between medical treatment facilities, using organic and/or contracted mobility airframes, with aircrew trained explicitly for this mission." Aeromedical evacuation forces can operate as far forward as fixed-wing aircraft are able to conduct airland operations.

Q1: What is the movement of patients who need medical attention called?
A1: Aeromedical Evacuation
Q2: Who coordinates the deployment of thee Aeromedical Evacuation? 
A2: Health Service Support
Q3: Where does the Aeromedical Evacuation team transport casualties? 
A3: to and between medical treatment facilities
Q4: Who operates and is able to conduct airland missions? 
A4: Aeromedical evacuation forces
Gymnastics (Sports and recreation)

Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (AGG) was developed from the Finnish "naisvoimistelu". It differs from Rhythmic Gymnastics in that body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger' Athletes do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions compared to Rhythmic Gymnastics where ball, ribbon, hoop and clubs are used on the floor area. The sport requires physical qualities such as flexibility, balance, speed, strength, coordination and sense of rhythm where movements of the body are emphasized through the flow, expression and aesthetic appeal. A good performance is characterized by uniformity and simultaneity. The competition program consists of versatile and varied body movements, such as body waves, swings, balances, pivots, jumps and leaps, dance steps, and lifts. The International Federation of Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (IFAGG) was established in 2003.

Q1: What does AGG stand for?
A1: Aesthetic Group Gymnastics
Q2: Why is AGG different than Rhythmic Gymnastics? 
A2: body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger'
Q3: Do athletes use apparatuses in the international AGG competitions?
A3: do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions
Q4: What physical qualities are needed for rhythmic gymastics? 
A4: flexibility, balance, speed, strength, coordination and sense of rhythm
Q5: What year was the Federsation of Aesthetic Group Gymnastics established?
A5: 2003
Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States (Social sciences and society)

Affirmative action in the United States tends to focus on issues such as education and employment, specifically granting special consideration to racial minorities, Native Americans, and women who have been historically excluded groups in America. Reports have shown that minorities and women have faced discrimination in schools and businesses for many years and this discrimination produced unfair advantages for whites and males in education and employment. The impetus toward affirmative action is redressing the disadvantages associated with past and present discrimination. Further impetus is a desire to ensure public institutions, such as universities, hospitals, and police forces, are more representative of the populations they serve.

Q1: Outside of employment, what is the other main issue that affirmative action focuses on?
A1: education
Q2: Affirmative action attempts to ask institutions to grant extra consideration to what group of people outside of Native Americans and women?
A2: racial minorities
Q3: Studies showed that discrimination in both business sectors and education resulted in advantages for what group of people?
A3: whites and males
Q4: Affirmative action does not only attempt to remove disadvantages, but also to ensure what about the number of people in a field?
A4: are more representative of the populations they serve
Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States (Social sciences and society)

Affirmative action is a subject of controversy. Some policies adopted as affirmative action, such as racial quotas or gender quotas for collegiate admission, have been criticized as a form of reverse discrimination, and such implementation of affirmative action has been ruled unconstitutional by the majority opinion of Gratz v. Bollinger. Affirmative action as a practice was upheld by the Supreme Court's decision in Grutter v. Bollinger in 2003. Affirmative action policies were developed in order to correct decades of discrimination stemming from the Reconstruction Era by granting disadvantaged minorities opportunities. Many believe that the diversity of current American society suggests that affirmative action policies succeeded and are no longer required. Opponents of affirmative action argue that these policies are outdated and lead to reverse discrimination which entails favoring one group over another based upon racial preference rather than achievement.

Q1: What is another example aside from racial quotes of affirmative action for collegiate admissions?
A1: gender quotas
Q2: Having quotas regarding admissions or employment has been criticized and said to be what kind of discrimination?
A2: reverse
Q3: What case determined that some implementation of affirmative action was unconstitutional?
A3: Gratz v. Bollinger
Q4: In which time period did discrimination policies originate from?
A4: Reconstruction Era
Q5: What do critics of affirmative action believe should be the main factor in hiring?
A5: achievement
Antarctica (Natural sciences)

Africa separated from Antarctica in the Jurassic, around 160 Ma, followed by the Indian subcontinent in the early Cretaceous (about 125 Ma). By the end of the Cretaceous, about 66 Ma, Antarctica (then connected to Australia) still had a subtropical climate and flora, complete with a marsupial fauna. In the Eocene epoch, about 40 Ma Australia-New Guinea separated from Antarctica, so that latitudinal currents could isolate Antarctica from Australia, and the first ice began to appear. During the Eocene–Oligocene extinction event about 34 million years ago, CO2 levels have been found to be about 760 ppm and had been decreasing from earlier levels in the thousands of ppm.

Q1: In what period did Africa beak off from Antarctica?
A1: Jurassic
Q2: When was Antarctica still joined to Australia?
A2: end of the Cretaceous
Q3: What type of climate did Antarctica have in the Cretaceous period?
A3: subtropical
Q4: When did Australia separate from Antarctica?
A4: Eocene epoch
Q5: After the division from Australia, what began to appear?
A5: ice
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States (History)

African Americans made up 41 percent of death row inmates while making up only 12.6 percent of the general population. (They have made up 34 percent of those actually executed since 1976.) However, that number is lower than that of prison inmates, which is 47 percent. According to the US Department of Justice, African Americans accounted for 52.5% of homicide offenders from 1980 to 2008, with whites 45.3% and Native Americans and Asians 2.2%. This means African Americans are less likely to be executed on a per capita basis. However, according to a 2003 Amnesty International report, blacks and whites were the victims of murder in almost equal numbers, yet 80 percent of the people executed since 1977 were convicted of murders involving white victims. 13.5% of death row inmates are of Hispanic or Latino descent, while they make up 17.4% of the general population.

Q1: What percentage of American death row prisoners are African American?
A1: 41
Q2: What percentage of people executed in the United States since 1976 have been African American?
A2: 34
Q3: What percentage of American prison inmates are African American?
A3: 47
Q4: What percentage of homicides were committed by Asians between 1980 and 2008?
A4: 2.2%
Q5: What percentage of the American population is Hispanic?
A5: 17.4%
Presbyterianism (History)

African Presbyterian churches often incorporate diaconal ministries, including social services, emergency relief, and the operation of mission hospitals. A number of partnerships exist between presbyteries in Africa and the PC(USA), including specific connections with Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, Ghana and Zambia. For example, the Lackawanna Presbytery, located in Northeastern Pennsylvania, has a partnership with a presbytery in Ghana. Also the Southminster Presbyterian Church, located near Pittsburgh, has partnerships with churches in Malawi and Kenya. The Presbyterian Church of Nigeria, western Africa is also healthy and strong in mostly the southern states of this nation, strong density in the south-eastern states of this country. Beginning from Cross River state, the nearby coastal states, Rivers state, Lagos state to Ebonyi and Abia States. The missionary expedition of Mary Slessor and Hope Waddel and their group in the mid 18th century in this coastal regions of the ten British colony has brought about the beginning and the flourishing of this church in these areas.

Q1: Which  services to most African Presbyterian churches offer?
A1: social services, emergency relief, and the operation of mission hospitals
Q2: The Southminster Presbyterian Church in Pittsburg has partnerships with churches in which two countries?
A2: Malawi and Kenya
Q3: Which two missionaries help bring Presbyterian churches in the south eastern states?
A3: Mary Slessor and Hope Waddel
Charleston,_South_Carolina (Geography and places)

Africans were brought to Charles Town on the Middle Passage, first as "servants", then as slaves. Ethnic groups transported here included especially Wolof, Yoruba, Fulani, Igbo, Malinke, and other people of the Windward Coast. An estimated 40% of the total 400,000 Africans transported and sold as slaves into North America are estimated to have landed at Sullivan's Island, just off the port of Charles Town; it is described as a "hellish Ellis Island of sorts .... Today nothing commemorates that ugly fact but a simple bench, established by the author Toni Morrison using private funds."

Q1: What author paid for the simple bench at Sullivan's Island?
A1: Toni Morrison
Q2: What percentage of those sold as slaves in North America landed at Sullivan's Island?
A2: 40%
Q3: What stage of the slave trade provided slaves to Charles Town?
A3: Middle Passage
Q4: What peoples were brought to Charles Town to be slaves?
A4: Africans
Q5: Which African coast did many slaves that were sold in Charles Town come from?
A5: Windward Coast
Black_people (Language and literature)

Afro-Spaniards are Spanish nationals of West/Central African descent. They today mainly come from Angola, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nigeria and Senegal. Additionally, many Afro-Spaniards born in Spain are from the former Spanish colony Equatorial Guinea. Today, there are an estimated 683,000 Afro-Spaniards in Spain.

Q1: What are Afro-Spaniards?
A1: Spanish nationals of West/Central African descent
Q2: Where do Afro-Spaniards come from?
A2: Angola, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nigeria and Senegal
Q3: Which Spanish colony do Afro-Spaniards reside?
A3: Equatorial Guinea
Q4: How many Afro-Spaniards currently live in Spain?
A4: an estimated 683,000
Arena_Football_League (Sports and recreation)

After 12 years as commissioner of the AFL, David Baker retired unexpectedly on July 25, 2008, just two days before ArenaBowl XXII; deputy commissioner Ed Policy was named interim commissioner until Baker's replacement was found. Baker explained, "When I took over as commissioner, I thought it would be for one year. It turned into 12. But now it's time."

Q1: Who was the commissioner of the Arena Football League for the first half of 2008?
A1: David Baker
Q2: For how many years did David Baker serve as commissioner of the AFL?
A2: 12
Q3: On what date did Baker step down as commissioner of the AFL?
A3: July 25, 2008
Q4: What Arena Football League event occurred two days after Baker's resignation?
A4: ArenaBowl XXII
Q5: Who temporarily served in the commissioner's post after Baker's departure?
A5: Ed Policy
Josip_Broz_Tito (History)

After 13 months at the hospital, Broz was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains where prisoners selected him for their camp leader. In February 1917, revolting workers broke into the prison and freed the prisoners. Broz subsequently joined a Bolshevik group. In April 1917, he was arrested again but managed to escape and participate in the July Days demonstrations in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) on 16–17 July 1917. On his way to Finland, Broz was caught and imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress for three weeks. He was again sent to Kungur, but escaped from the train. He hid with a Russian family in Omsk, Siberia where he met his future wife Pelagija Belousova. After the October Revolution, he joined a Red Guard unit in Omsk. Following a White counteroffensive, he fled to Kirgiziya and subsequently returned to Omsk, where he married Belousova. In the spring of 1918, he joined the Yugoslav section of the Russian Communist Party. By June of the same year, Broz left Omsk to find work and support his family, and was employed as a mechanic near Omsk for a year.

Q1: How long was Broz in the hospital?
A1: 13 months
Q2: Where was Broz's work camp?
A2: Ural Mountains
Q3: What position was he selected for at work camp?
A3: camp leader
Q4: Where did Broz flee to after a White counteroffensive?
A4: Kirgiziya
Q5: Where did Broz marry Belousova?
A5: Omsk
The_Times (History)

After 14 years as editor, William Rees-Mogg resigned the post upon completion of the change of ownership. Murdoch began to make his mark on the paper by appointing Harold Evans as his replacement. One of his most important changes was the introduction of new technology and efficiency measures. In March–May 1982, following agreement with print unions, the hot-metal Linotype printing process used to print The Times since the 19th century was phased out and replaced by computer input and photo-composition. This allowed print room staff at The Times and The Sunday Times to be reduced by half. However, direct input of text by journalists ("single stroke" input) was still not achieved, and this was to remain an interim measure until the Wapping dispute of 1986, when The Times moved from New Printing House Square in Gray's Inn Road (near Fleet Street) to new offices in Wapping.

Q1: When The Times was bought in 1982, who resigned as editor?
A1: William Rees-Mogg
Q2: How many years as an editor was editor who resigned from The Times in 1982?
A2: 14 years
Q3: In 1982, what is the name of the editor who replaced the previous editor of The Times?
A3: Harold Evans
Q4: What printing process for The Times was replaced by computers in 1982?
A4: hot-metal Linotype printing process
Q5: In 1982, the allowed print room staff at The Times and The Sunday Times was reduced by how much?
A5: half
Humanism (Philosophy and religion)

After 1517, when the new invention of printing made these texts widely available, the Dutch humanist Erasmus, who had studied Greek at the Venetian printing house of Aldus Manutius, began a philological analysis of the Gospels in the spirit of Valla, comparing the Greek originals with their Latin translations with a view to correcting errors and discrepancies in the latter. Erasmus, along with the French humanist Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples, began issuing new translations, laying the groundwork for the Protestant Reformation. Henceforth Renaissance humanism, particularly in the German North, became concerned with religion, while Italian and French humanism concentrated increasingly on scholarship and philology addressed to a narrow audience of specialists, studiously avoiding topics that might offend despotic rulers or which might be seen as corrosive of faith. After the Reformation, critical examination of the Bible did not resume until the advent of the so-called Higher criticism of the 19th-century German Tübingen school.

Q1: When are these texts first able to reach a large amount of people?
A1: Erasmus
Q2:  Erasmus can be said to have lit the match that sparked a radical change in thinking in his era along with who?
A2: Lefèvre d'Étaples
Q3: What text still remained without the type of thorough review that others texts had received by the 18th century?
A3: the Bible