LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Dog (Natural sciences)

Domestic dogs have been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes. Modern dog breeds show more variation in size, appearance, and behavior than any other domestic animal. Dogs are predators and scavengers, and like many other predatory mammals, the dog has powerful muscles, fused wrist bones, a cardiovascular system that supports both sprinting and endurance, and teeth for catching and tearing.

Q1: What species shows more difference in size, looks and actions than any other?
A1: Modern dog breeds
Q2: What are dog teeth best suited for?
A2: catching and tearing.
Q3: Dogs are considered to be predators and what else?
A3: scavengers
Q4: What bones in dog legs are fused?
A4: wrist
Q5: A dog's heart and vascular ability if best suited for sprinting and what else?
A5: endurance
Q6: What are a dog's teeth mainly used for?
A6: catching and tearing
Q7: Dogs originated as predators and what?
A7: scavengers
Dog (Natural sciences)

Domestic dogs inherited complex behaviors, such as bite inhibition, from their wolf ancestors, which would have been pack hunters with complex body language. These sophisticated forms of social cognition and communication may account for their trainability, playfulness, and ability to fit into human households and social situations, and these attributes have given dogs a relationship with humans that has enabled them to become one of the most successful species on the planet today.:pages95-136

Q1: What is one of the complex behaviors pet dogs have gotten from wolves?
A1: bite inhibition
Q2: What may make dogs have the ability to be trained by, play with and fit in with people?
A2: sophisticated forms of social cognition and communication
Q3: Higher social attributes  and human relationships may have caused dogs to reach what as a species?
A3: one of the most successful species on the planet today.
Q4: What is a complex behavior that dogs inherited from wolves?
A4: bite inhibition
Dog (Natural sciences)

Domestic dogs often display the remnants of countershading, a common natural camouflage pattern. A countershaded animal will have dark coloring on its upper surfaces and light coloring below, which reduces its general visibility. Thus, many breeds will have an occasional "blaze", stripe, or "star" of white fur on their chest or underside.

Q1: When a dog has a camouflage pattern on its coat, this is called what?
A1: countershading
Q2: A dog with countershading has dark coloring where?
A2: upper surfaces
Q3: A natural camo pattern is known as what?
A3: countershading
Q4: What color is on a dogs upper surfaces if it has countershading?
A4: dark coloring
Q5: What is reduced when a dog has countershading?
A5: visibility
Poultry (Natural sciences)

Domestic geese are much larger than their wild counterparts and tend to have thick necks, an upright posture, and large bodies with broad rear ends. The greylag-derived birds are large and fleshy and used for meat, while the Chinese geese have smaller frames and are mainly used for egg production. The fine down of both is valued for use in pillows and padded garments. They forage on grass and weeds, supplementing this with small invertebrates, and one of the attractions of rearing geese is their ability to grow and thrive on a grass-based system. They are very gregarious and have good memories and can be allowed to roam widely in the knowledge that they will return home by dusk. The Chinese goose is more aggressive and noisy than other geese and can be used as a guard animal to warn of intruders. The flesh of meat geese is dark-coloured and high in protein, but they deposit fat subcutaneously, although this fat contains mostly monounsaturated fatty acids. The birds are killed either around 10 or about 24 weeks. Between these ages, problems with dressing the carcase occur because of the presence of developing pin feathers.

Q1: do domestic and wild geese have the same apperearance ?
A1: Domestic geese are much larger than their wild counterparts and tend to have thick necks, an upright posture, and large bodies with broad rear ends
Q2: What types of geese are used for human consumption?
A2: The greylag-derived birds
Q3: What types of geese are used most efficiently for their egg production?
A3: Chinese geese
Q4: What is the down feathers of geese most commonly used for ?
A4: use in pillows and padded garments
Q5: Why is the meat of geese considered fatty ?
A5: they deposit fat subcutaneously, although this fat contains mostly monounsaturated fatty acids
FC_Barcelona (Sports and recreation)

Domestically, Barcelona has won 23 La Liga, 27 Copa del Rey, 11 Supercopa de España, 3 Copa Eva Duarte and 2 Copa de la Liga trophies, as well as being the record holder for the latter four competitions. In international club football, Barcelona has won five UEFA Champions League titles, a record four UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, a shared record five UEFA Super Cup, a record three Inter-Cities Fairs Cup and a record three FIFA Club World Cup trophies. Barcelona was ranked first in the IFFHS Club World Ranking for 1997, 2009, 2011, 2012 and 2015 and currently occupies the second position on the UEFA club rankings. The club has a long-standing rivalry with Real Madrid; matches between the two teams are referred to as El Clásico.

Q1: How many UEFA Championship League titles has Barcelona won?
A1: five
Q2: How many UEFA  Cup Winners' Cup wins does Barcelona have?
A2: four
Q3: How many UEFA Super Cup wins does the Barcelona team have?
A3: five
Q4: How many FIFA Club World Cup trophies does football club Barcelona have?
A4: three
Q5: What club is Barcelona's long time rival?
A5: Real Madrid
Liberal_Party_of_Australia (History)

Domestically, Menzies presided over a fairly regulated economy in which utilities were publicly owned, and commercial activity was highly regulated through centralised wage-fixing and high tariff protection. Liberal leaders from Menzies to Malcolm Fraser generally maintained Australia's high tariff levels. At that time the Liberals' coalition partner, the Country Party, the older of the two in the coalition (now known as the "National Party"), had considerable influence over the government's economic policies. It was not until the late 1970s and through their period out of power federally in the 1980s that the party came to be influenced by what was known as the "New Right" – a conservative liberal group who advocated market deregulation, privatisation of public utilities, reductions in the size of government programs and tax cuts.

Q1: Did Mezies and Malcom Fraser raise, mainain, or lower tariff levels?
A1: generally maintain
Q2: Which group is currently known as the "National Party"?
A2: the Country Party
Q3: What is the "New Right"?
A3: a conservative liberal group who advocated market deregulation, privatisation of public utilities, reductions in the size of government programs and tax cuts
Q4: Were utilities publically or privately owned in Menzie's economy?
A4: publicly
Bird (Natural sciences)

Domesticated birds raised for meat and eggs, called poultry, are the largest source of animal protein eaten by humans; in 2003, 76 million tons of poultry and 61 million tons of eggs were produced worldwide. Chickens account for much of human poultry consumption, though domesticated turkeys, ducks, and geese are also relatively common. Many species of birds are also hunted for meat. Bird hunting is primarily a recreational activity except in extremely undeveloped areas. The most important birds hunted in North and South America are waterfowl; other widely hunted birds include pheasants, wild turkeys, quail, doves, partridge, grouse, snipe, and woodcock. Muttonbirding is also popular in Australia and New Zealand. Though some hunting, such as that of muttonbirds, may be sustainable, hunting has led to the extinction or endangerment of dozens of species.

Q1: What are domesticated birds raised for meat and eggs?
A1: poultry
Q2: What is the largest source of animal protein eaten by humans?
A2: poultry
Q3: In 2003, how many tons of poultry were produced worldwide?
A3: 76 million tons
Q4: What is primarily a recreational activity except in extremely underdeveloped areas?
A4: Bird hunting
Neolithic (History)

Domestication of sheep and goats reached Egypt from the Near East possibly as early as 6,000 BC. Graeme Barker states "The first indisputable evidence for domestic plants and animals in the Nile valley is not until the early fifth millennium bc in northern Egypt and a thousand years later further south, in both cases as part of strategies that still relied heavily on fishing, hunting, and the gathering of wild plants" and suggests that these subsistence changes were not due to farmers migrating from the Near East but was an indigenous development, with cereals either indigenous or obtained through exchange. Other scholars argue that the primary stimulus for agriculture and domesticated animals (as well as mud-brick architecture and other Neolithic cultural features) in Egypt was from the Middle East.

Q1: When did the domestication of sheep first appear in Egypt?
A1: 6,000 BC
Q2: How did Egyptians gather food before raising livestock?
A2: fishing, hunting, and the gathering of wild plants
Q3: What region do some scholars see as the source for Egypt's start in agriculture?
A3: the Middle East
Dominican_Order (Philosophy and religion)

Dominic became the spiritual father to several Albigensian women he had reconciled to the faith, and in 1206 he established them in a convent in Prouille. This convent would become the foundation of the Dominican nuns, thus making the Dominican nuns older than the Dominican friars. Prior Diego sanctioned the building of a monastery for girls whose parents had sent them to the care of the Albigensians because their families were too poor to fulfill their basic needs. The monastery was at Prouille would later become Dominic's headquarters for his missionary effort there. After two years on the mission field, Prior Diego died while traveling back to Spain. When his preaching companions heard of his death, all save Dominic and a very small number of others returned to their homes.

Q1: In what year did Dominic establish a convent?
A1: 1206
Q2: What women did Dominic convert for his convent?
A2: Albigensian
Q3: What group are older than the Dominican Friars?
A3: Dominican nuns
Q4: Why did families send their girls to Diego's monastery? 
A4: too poor
Q5: How long after his mission did Prior Diego die?
A5: two years
Dominican_Order (Philosophy and religion)

Dominic inspired his followers with loyalty to learning and virtue, a deep recognition of the spiritual power of worldly deprivation and the religious state, and a highly developed governmental structure. At the same time, Dominic inspired the members of his order to develop a "mixed" spirituality. They were both active in preaching, and contemplative in study, prayer and meditation. The brethren of the Dominican Order were urban and learned, as well as contemplative and mystical in their spirituality. While these traits had an impact on the women of the order, the nuns especially absorbed the latter characteristics and made those characteristics their own. In England, the Dominican nuns blended these elements with the defining characteristics of English Dominican spirituality and created a spirituality and collective personality that set them apart.

Q1: How did Dominic inspire his followers?
A1: with loyalty to learning and virtue
Q2: What group especially benefited from the Dominican Order's mystical spirituality?
A2: nuns
Q3: In what country did Dominican Order nuns thrive in?
A3: England
Q4: What type of spirituality did Dominic want his followers to learn?
A4: a "mixed" spirituality
Dominican_Order (Philosophy and religion)

Dominic sought to establish a new kind of order, one that would bring the dedication and systematic education of the older monastic orders like the Benedictines to bear on the religious problems of the burgeoning population of cities, but with more organizational flexibility than either monastic orders or the secular clergy. Dominic's new order was to be a preaching order, trained to preach in the vernacular languages. Rather than earning their living on vast farms as the monasteries had done, the new friars would survive by begging, "selling" themselves through persuasive preaching.

Q1: The Dominican Order received influence from what monastic order?
A1: the Benedictines
Q2: What type of order was the Dominican Order?
A2: a preaching order
Q3: What did previous religious orders do for a living?
A3: farms
Q4: How did the Dominican Order earn money?
A4: by begging
Dominican_Order (Philosophy and religion)

Dominic's education at Palencia gave him the knowledge he needed to overcome the Manicheans. With charity, the other concept that most defines the work and spirituality of the order, study became the method most used by the Dominicans in working to defend the Church against the perils that hounded it, and also of enlarging its authority over larger areas of the known world. In Dominic's thinking, it was impossible for men to preach what they did not or could not understand. When the brethren left Prouille, then, to begin their apostolic work, Dominic sent Matthew of Paris to establish a school near the University of Paris. This was the first of many Dominican schools established by the brethren, some near large universities throughout Europe.

Q1: Dominic studied in what city?
A1: Palencia
Q2: Dominic's education helped him to overcome who?
A2: the Manicheans
Q3: What helps define the work of the Dominican Order?
A3: charity
Q4: In what city did Dominic establish a school?
A4: Paris
Q5: Who did Dominic entrust to start his school?
A5: Matthew of Paris
Dominican_Order (Philosophy and religion)

Dominic's search for a close relationship with God was determined and unceasing. He rarely spoke, so little of his interior life is known. What is known about it comes from accounts written by people near to him. St. Cecilia remembered him as cheerful, charitable and full of unceasing vigor. From a number of accounts, singing was apparently one of Dominic's great delights. Dominic practiced self-scourging and would mortify himself as he prayed alone in the chapel at night for 'poor sinners.' He owned a single habit, refused to carry money, and would allow no one to serve him.

Q1: What did Dominic greatly struggle with?
A1: relationship with God
Q2: Who remembered Dominic as a cheerful fellow?
A2: St. Cecilia
Q3: What did Dominic enjoy doing?
A3: sing
Q4: Who did Dominic pray for?
A4: poor sinners
Q5: What did Dominic refuse to do?
A5: carry money
Santa_Monica,_California (Geography and places)

Donald Wills Douglas, Sr. built a plant in 1922 at Clover Field (Santa Monica Airport) for the Douglas Aircraft Company. In 1924, four Douglas-built planes took off from Clover Field to attempt the first aerial circumnavigation of the world. Two planes made it back, after having covered 27,553 miles (44,342 km) in 175 days, and were greeted on their return September 23, 1924, by a crowd of 200,000 (generously estimated). The Douglas Company (later McDonnell Douglas) kept facilities in the city until the 1960s.

Q1: Who built a plant in Clover field?
A1: Donald Wills Douglas, Sr
Q2: What company was the structure at Clover Field for?
A2: Douglas Aircraft
Q3: What did Clover Field built airplanes attempt the first of?
A3: aerial circumnavigation of the world
Q4: The Douglas Company had facilities in Santa Monica through what decade?
A4: 1960s
Q5: How Many Planes returned from the circumnavigation in 1924?
A5: Two
Himachal_Pradesh (Social sciences and society)

Doordarshan is the state-owned television broadcaster. Doordarshan Shimla also provides programs in Pahari language.Multi system operators provide a mix of Nepali, Hindi, English, and international channels via cable. All India Radio is a public radio station. Private FM stations are also available in few cities like Shimla. BSNL, Reliance Infocomm, Tata Indicom, Tata Docomo, Aircel, Vodafone, Idea Cellular and Airtel are available cellular phone operators. Broadband internet is available in select towns and cities and is provided by the state-run BSNL and by other private companies. Dial-up access is provided throughout the state by BSNL and other providers.

Q1: What is Doordarshan?
A1: state-owned television broadcaster
Q2: What is provided by BSNL and others throughout the state?
A2: Dial-up access
Q3: What is available in few cities?
A3: Private FM stations
Q4: Who are the cellular phone operators available?
A4: BSNL, Reliance Infocomm, Tata Indicom, Tata Docomo, Aircel, Vodafone, Idea Cellular and Airtel
Q5: What is All India Radio?
A5: public radio station
Qing_dynasty (History)

Dorgon's controversial July 1645 edict (the "haircutting order") forced adult Han Chinese men to shave the front of their heads and comb the remaining hair into the queue hairstyle which was worn by Manchu men, on pain of death. The popular description of the order was: "To keep the hair, you lose the head; To keep your head, you cut the hair." To the Manchus, this policy was a test of loyalty and an aid in distinguishing friend from foe. For the Han Chinese, however, it was a humiliating reminder of Qing authority that challenged traditional Confucian values. The Classic of Filial Piety (Xiaojing) held that "a person's body and hair, being gifts from one's parents, are not to be damaged." Under the Ming dynasty, adult men did not cut their hair but instead wore it in the form of a top-knot. The order triggered strong resistance to Qing rule in Jiangnan and massive killing of ethnic Han Chinese. It was Han Chinese defectors who carried out massacres against people refusing to wear the queue.. Li Chengdong, a Han Chinese general who had served the Ming but surrendered to the Qing, ordered his Han troops to carry out three separate massacres in the city of Jiading within a month, resulting in tens of thousands of deaths. At the end of the third massacre, there was hardly any living person left in this city. Jiangyin also held out against about 10,000 Han Chinese Qing troops for 83 days. When the city wall was finally breached on 9 October 1645, the Han Chinese Qing army led by the Han Chinese Ming defector Liu Liangzuo (劉良佐), who had been ordered to "fill the city with corpses before you sheathe your swords," massacred the entire population, killing between 74,000 and 100,000 people. The queue was the only aspect of Manchu culture which the Qing forced on the common Han population. The Qing required people serving as officials to wear Manchu clothing, but allowed non-official Han civilians to continue wearing Hanfu (Han clothing).

Q1: What did Dorgon declare in July of 1645?
A1: the "haircutting order")
Q2: What was the peoples description of the haircutting order?
A2: "To keep the hair, you lose the head; To keep your head, you cut the hair."
Q3: How did the Ming's typically wear their hair>
A3: top-knot
Q4: What city was massacred for not wearing the proper haircut?
A4: Jiading
Elevator (History)

Double deck elevators are used in the Taipei 101 office tower. Tenants of even-numbered floors first take an escalator (or an elevator from the parking garage) to the 2nd level, where they will enter the upper deck and arrive at their floors. The lower deck is turned off during low-volume hours, and the upper deck can act as a single-level elevator stopping at all adjacent floors. For example, the 85th floor restaurants can be accessed from the 60th floor sky-lobby. Restaurant customers must clear their reservations at the reception counter on the 2nd floor. A bank of express elevators stop only on the sky lobby levels (36 and 60, upper-deck car), where tenants can transfer to "local" elevators.

Q1: What type of elevators are used in the Taipei 101 office tower?
A1: Double deck elevators
Q2: During what hours is the lower deck turned off?
A2: low-volume hours
Q3: During the low volume hours, what can the upper deck function as?
A3: a single-level elevator stopping at all adjacent floors
Q4: On what floor must restaurant customers clear their reservations?
A4: at the reception counter on the 2nd floor
Q5: What levels make up the "sky lobby"?
A5: 36 and 60, upper-deck car
Flowering_plant (Natural sciences)

Double fertilization refers to a process in which two sperm cells fertilize cells in the ovary. This process begins when a pollen grain adheres to the stigma of the pistil (female reproductive structure), germinates, and grows a long pollen tube. While this pollen tube is growing, a haploid generative cell travels down the tube behind the tube nucleus. The generative cell divides by mitosis to produce two haploid (n) sperm cells. As the pollen tube grows, it makes its way from the stigma, down the style and into the ovary. Here the pollen tube reaches the micropyle of the ovule and digests its way into one of the synergids, releasing its contents (which include the sperm cells). The synergid that the cells were released into degenerates and one sperm makes its way to fertilize the egg cell, producing a diploid (2n) zygote. The second sperm cell fuses with both central cell nuclei, producing a triploid (3n) cell. As the zygote develops into an embryo, the triploid cell develops into the endosperm, which serves as the embryo's food supply. The ovary now will develop into fruit and the ovule will develop into seed.

Q1: What process does double fertilization refer to?
A1: two sperm cells fertilize cells in the ovary
Q2: What does a pollen grain adhere to, to start the process of double fertilization?
A2: the stigma of the pistil
Q3: What type of cell travels down the pollen tube while it's growing?
A3: haploid generative
Q4: Where does the pollen tube release its sperm cells?
A4: one of the synergids
Q5: What serves as the embryo's food supply?
A5: endosperm
Electric_motor (Engineering and technology)

Doubly fed electric motors have two independent multiphase winding sets, which contribute active (i.e., working) power to the energy conversion process, with at least one of the winding sets electronically controlled for variable speed operation. Two independent multiphase winding sets (i.e., dual armature) are the maximum provided in a single package without topology duplication. Doubly-fed electric motors are machines with an effective constant torque speed range that is twice synchronous speed for a given frequency of excitation. This is twice the constant torque speed range as singly-fed electric machines, which have only one active winding set.

Q1: What type of motor has two independent multiphase winding sets?
A1: Doubly fed electric motors
Q2: What advanage do independent multiphase winding sets have?
A2: contribute active (i.e., working) power to the energy conversion process
Q3: What is one of the independent multiphase winding sets configured for?
A3: variable speed operation
Q4: Doubly fed motors have what advantage over single fed?
A4: twice the constant torque speed range
Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union (History)

Doubts remained over the authority of the Belavezha Accords to disband the Soviet Union, since they were signed by only three republics. However, on December 21, 1991, representatives of 11 of the 12 former republics – all except Georgia – signed the Alma-Ata Protocol, which confirmed the dissolution of the Union and formally established the CIS. They also "accepted" Gorbachev's resignation. While Gorbachev hadn't made any formal plans to leave the scene yet, he did tell CBS News that he would resign as soon as he saw that the CIS was indeed a reality.

Q1: Which republic did not sign the Alma-Ata Protocol?
A1: Georgia
Q2: How many of the former republics had representatives sign the Protocol?
A2: 11
Q3: What did the Protocol establish?
A3: CIS
Q4: What was dissolved by the Protocol?
A4: Union
Q5: Which news organization did Gorbachev talk to about his resignation plans? 
A5: CBS