LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
LaserDisc (Engineering and technology)

Both AC-3 and DTS surround audio were clumsily implemented on LaserDiscs, leading to some interesting player- and disc-dependent issues. A disc that included AC-3 audio forfeited the right analog audio channel to the modulated AC-3 RF stream. If the player did not have an AC-3 output available, the next most attractive playback option would be the digital Dolby Surround or stereo audio tracks. The reason for this is the RF signal needs to bypass the audio circuitry in order to be properly processed by the demodulator. If either the player did not support digital audio tracks (common in older players), or the disc did not include digital audio tracks at all (uncommon for a disc which is mastered with an AC-3 track), the only remaining option was to fall back to a monophonic presentation of the left analog audio track. However, many older analog-only players not only failed to output AC-3 streams correctly, but were not even aware of their potential existence. Such a player will happily play the analog audio tracks verbatim, resulting in garbage (static) output in the right channel.

Q1: Which channel would not work in conjunction with AC-3 audio?
A1: right analog audio channel
Q2: What audio playback options were available if an AC-3 output was not present?
A2: digital Dolby Surround or stereo audio tracks
Q3: What happens to the right channel in a player that doesn't recognize AC-3?
A3: garbage (static) output
American_Idol (Music)

Both Allen and Lambert released the coronation song, "No Boundaries" which was co-written by DioGuardi. This is the first season in which the winner failed to achieve gold album status, and none from that season achieved platinum album status in the U.S.[citation needed]

Q1: What was the name of the song that Kris Allen and Adam Lamber released after American Idol?
A1: No Boundaries
Q2: Who helped write the song "No Boundaries"?
A2: DioGuardi
Q3: What was the coronation song for this season?
A3: No Boundaries
Q4: Who co-wrote the coronation song?
A4: DioGuardi
Q5: Unlike every previous winner, the winner of this season failed to achieve what status?
A5: gold album status
Q6: How many contestants from this season reached platinum album status?
A6: none
Alsace (History)

Both Alsatian and Standard German were for a time banned from public life (including street and city names, official administration, and educational system). Though the ban has long been lifted and street signs today are often bilingual, Alsace-Lorraine is today very French in language and culture. Few young people speak Alsatian today, although there do still exist one or two enclaves in the Sundgau region where some older inhabitants cannot speak French, and where Alsatian is still used as the mother tongue. A related Alemannic German survives on the opposite bank of the Rhine, in Baden, and especially in Switzerland. However, while French is the major language of the region, the Alsatian dialect of French is heavily influenced by German and other languages such a Yiddish in phonology and vocabulary.

Q1: Which two dialects were banned from public life?
A1: Alsatian and Standard German
Q2: What did the banning of the two dialects  include?
A2: street and city names, official administration, and educational system
Q3: Although Aslation is rarely used today, which region still uses their mother language of Aslation?
A3: Sundgau region
Q4: What other language besides French and German are part of the Aslation-French dialect of today?
A4: Yiddish
Age_of_Enlightenment (Philosophy and religion)

Both Locke and Rousseau developed social contract theories in Two Treatises of Government and Discourse on Inequality, respectively. While quite different works, Locke, Hobbes, and Rousseau agreed that a social contract, in which the government's authority lies in the consent of the governed, is necessary for man to live in civil society. Locke defines the state of nature as a condition in which humans are rational and follow natural law; in which all men are born equal and with the right to life, liberty and property. However, when one citizen breaks the Law of Nature, both the transgressor and the victim enter into a state of war, from which it is virtually impossible to break free. Therefore, Locke said that individuals enter into civil society to protect their natural rights via an "unbiased judge" or common authority, such as courts, to appeal to. Contrastingly, Rousseau's conception relies on the supposition that "civil man" is corrupted, while "natural man" has no want he cannot fulfill himself. Natural man is only taken out of the state of nature when the inequality associated with private property is established. Rousseau said that people join into civil society via the social contract to achieve unity while preserving individual freedom. This is embodied in the sovereignty of the general will, the moral and collective legislative body constituted by citizens.

Q1: What did Locke, Hobbes, and Rousseau agree was necessary for a man to live in civil society?
A1: social contract
Q2: Which theorist wrote Two Treatises of Government?
A2: Locke
Q3: Who wrote Discourse on Inequality?
A3: Rousseau
Q4: From which state does Locke believe it is virtually improssible to break free?
A4: state of war
Q5: For what reason did Rousseau feel people joined into civil society?
A5: to achieve unity while preserving individual freedom
Baptists (Philosophy and religion)

Both Roger Williams and John Clarke, his compatriot and coworker for religious freedom, are variously credited as founding the earliest Baptist church in North America. In 1639, Williams established a Baptist church in Providence, Rhode Island, and Clarke began a Baptist church in Newport, Rhode Island. According to a Baptist historian who has researched the matter extensively, "There is much debate over the centuries as to whether the Providence or Newport church deserved the place of 'first' Baptist congregation in America. Exact records for both congregations are lacking."

Q1: Who founded the earliest Baptist church in North America?
A1: Roger Williams and John Clarke
Q2: When was the first American Baptist church established?
A2: 1639
Q3: Where did Roger Williams establish a Baptist church?
A3: Providence, Rhode Island
Q4: Where did John Clarke establish a Baptist church?
A4: Newport, Rhode Island
Q5: Clarke was what to Williams?
A5: his compatriot and coworker for religious freedom
Age_of_Enlightenment (Philosophy and religion)

Both Rousseau and Locke's social contract theories rest on the presupposition of natural rights, which are not a result of law or custom, but are things that all men have in pre-political societies, and are therefore universal and inalienable. The most famous natural right formulation comes from John Locke in his Second Treatise, when he introduces the state of nature. For Locke the law of nature is grounded on mutual security, or the idea that one cannot infringe on another's natural rights, as every man is equal and has the same inalienable rights. These natural rights include perfect equality and freedom, and the right to preserve life and property. Locke also argued against slavery on the basis that enslaving yourself goes against the law of nature; you cannot surrender your own rights, your freedom is absolute and no one can take it from you. Additionally, Locke argues that one person cannot enslave another because it is morally reprehensible, although he introduces a caveat by saying that enslavement of a lawful captive in time of war would not go against one's natural rights.

Q1: How does John Locke define mutual security?
A1: the idea that one cannot infringe on another's natural rights
Q2: What do Locke's idea of natural rights include?
A2: perfect equality and freedom, and the right to preserve life and property
Q3: Why did John Locke believe that one person cannot enslave another?
A3: because it is morally reprehensible
Q4: What was John Locke's one exception to denouncing slavery?
A4: enslavement of a lawful captive in time of war would not go against one's natural rights
Q5: In which of John Locke's works are natural rights most famously defined and discussed?
A5: Second Treatise
American_Idol (Music)

Both finalists found success after the show, but Aiken out-performed Studdard's coronation song "Flying Without Wings" with his single release from the show "This Is the Night", as well as in their subsequent album releases. The fourth-place finisher Josh Gracin also enjoyed some success as a country singer.

Q1: What is the first song that Ruben Studdard released after winning American Idol?
A1: Flying Without Wings
Q2: What contestant came in fourth on season two of American Idol?
A2: Josh Gracin
Q3: What song did Clay Aiken first release after losing American Idol?
A3: This Is the Night
Q4: What was the name of Studdard's coronation song?
A4: Flying Without Wings
Q5: What was Aiken's single release named?
A5: This Is the Night
Q6: Which of the final two had more success with his first album?
A6: Aiken
Q7: Who finished fourth on season two?
A7: Josh Gracin
Poultry (Natural sciences)

Both intensive and free-range farming have animal welfare concerns. In intensive systems, cannibalism, feather pecking and vent pecking can be common, with some farmers using beak trimming as a preventative measure. Diseases can also be common and spread rapidly through the flock. In extensive systems, the birds are exposed to adverse weather conditions and are vulnerable to predators and disease-carrying wild birds. Barn systems have been found to have the worst bird welfare. In Southeast Asia, a lack of disease control in free-range farming has been associated with outbreaks of avian influenza.

Q1: What are some of the major concerns with intensive breeding programs?
A1: cannibalism, feather pecking and vent pecking can be common
Q2: What harsh measures do farmers use to prevent the chickens from harming themselves or others?
A2: some farmers using beak trimming as a preventative measure
Q3: What are some of the major concerns with extensive breeding programs such as free range ?
A3: the birds are exposed to adverse weather conditions and are vulnerable to predators and disease-carrying wild birds.
Q4: How is the spread of the avian flu related to the conditions in which chickens are kept?
A4: In Southeast Asia, a lack of disease control in free-range farming has been associated with outbreaks of avian influenza.
Q5: What is considered the most alarming setting for chickens to be raised in?
A5: Barn systems have been found to have the worst bird welfare.
Dutch_language (Language and literature)

Both languages are still largely mutually intelligible, although this relation can in some fields (such as lexicon, spelling and grammar) be asymmetric, as it is easier for Dutch speakers to understand written Afrikaans than it is for Afrikaans speakers to understand written Dutch. Afrikaans is grammatically far less complex than Dutch, and vocabulary items are generally altered in a clearly patterned manner, e.g. vogel becomes voël ("bird") and regen becomes reën ("rain"). In South Africa, the number of students following Dutch at university, is difficult to estimate, since the academic study of Afrikaans inevitably includes the study of Dutch. Elsewhere in the world, the number of people learning Dutch is relatively small.

Q1: Who has a more difficult time understanding the other's language: Dutch speakers or Afrikaans speakers?
A1: Afrikaans speakers
Q2: Is Afrikaans more or less complex compared to Dutch?
A2: less complex
Q3: What's the Dutch word for "bird"?
A3: vogel
Q4: What is the Afrikaans word for "rain"?
A4: reën
Q5: Is it difficult or easy to estimate the number of students in South Africa who study Dutch?
A5: difficult
Bras%C3%ADlia (Geography and places)

Both low-cost and luxury housing were built by the government in the Brasília. The residential zones of the inner city are arranged into superquadras ("superblocks"): groups of apartment buildings along with a prescribed number and type of schools, retail stores, and open spaces. At the northern end of Lake Paranoá, separated from the inner city, is a peninsula with many fashionable homes, and a similar city exists on the southern lakeshore. Originally the city planners envisioned extensive public areas along the shores of the artificial lake, but during early development private clubs, hotels, and upscale residences and restaurants gained footholds around the water. Set well apart from the city are satellite cities, including Gama, Ceilândia, Taguatinga, Núcleo Bandeirante, Sobradinho, and Planaltina. These cities, with the exception of Gama and Sobradinho were not planned.

Q1: What are 'superquadras' or superblocks?
A1: groups of apartment buildings along with a prescribed number and type of schools, retail stores, and open spaces
Q2: Where is there a peninsula with luxury homes?
A2: the northern end of Lake Paranoá
Q3: What did the planners want to have around Lake Paranoa?
A3: extensive public areas
Q4: What took over Lake Paranoa's shores contrary to the plan?
A4: private clubs, hotels, and upscale residences and restaurants
Q5: What mostly-unplanned cities are around Brasilia?
A5: Gama, Ceilândia, Taguatinga, Núcleo Bandeirante, Sobradinho, and Planaltina
YouTube (Engineering and technology)

Both private individuals and large production companies have used YouTube to grow audiences. Independent content creators have built grassroots followings numbering in the thousands at very little cost or effort, while mass retail and radio promotion proved problematic. Concurrently, old media celebrities moved into the website at the invitation of a YouTube management that witnessed early content creators accruing substantial followings, and perceived audience sizes potentially larger than that attainable by television. While YouTube's revenue-sharing "Partner Program" made it possible to earn a substantial living as a video producer—its top five hundred partners each earning more than $100,000 annually and its ten highest-earning channels grossing from $2.5 million to $12 million—in 2012 CMU business editor characterized YouTube as "a free-to-use... promotional platform for the music labels". In 2013 Forbes' Katheryn Thayer asserted that digital-era artists' work must not only be of high quality, but must elicit reactions on the YouTube platform and social media. In 2013, videos of the 2.5% of artists categorized as "mega", "mainstream" and "mid-sized" received 90.3% of the relevant views on YouTube and Vevo. By early 2013 Billboard had announced that it was factoring YouTube streaming data into calculation of the Billboard Hot 100 and related genre charts.

Q1: Other than private individuals, who has used youtube to grow their audience?
A1: large production companies
Q2: What is the name of youtube's revenue-sharing program?
A2: Partner Program
Q3: What was the highest earning youtube partner video producer?
A3: $12 million
Q4: Big pop artists account for how what percentage of the views on youtube?
A4: 90.3%
Q5: Which music chart said in 2013 it would start taking youtube data into account for its ratings?
A5: Billboard
Nanjing (Geography and places)

Both the Qing viceroy and the Taiping king resided in buildings that would later be known as the Presidential Palace. When Qing forces led by Zeng Guofan retook the city in 1864, a massive slaughter occurred in the city with over 100,000 estimated to have committed suicide or fought to the death. Since the Taiping Rebellion began, Qing forces allowed no rebels speaking its dialect to surrender. This policy of mass murder of civilians occurred in Nanjing.

Q1: Who lived in buildings that would later come to be known as the Presidential Palace?
A1: the Qing viceroy and the Taiping king
Q2: When did Qing troops regain Nanjing?
A2: 1864
Q3: How many people died during the Qing troops retaking of Nanjing?
A3: over 100,000
Q4: Qing troops allowed no rebels who spoke what dialect to surrender?
A4: Taiping
Q5: Who was the leader of the Qing troops?
A5: Zeng Guofan
2008_Sichuan_earthquake (Natural sciences)

Both the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspended trading of companies based in southwestern China. Copper rose over speculations that production in southwestern China may be affected, and oil prices dropped over speculations that demand from China would fall.

Q1: Where were the exchanges based?
A1: southwestern China
Q2: What metal rose in value?
A2: Copper
Q3: What natural resource dropped in value?
A3: oil
Q4: What did the Shanghai Stock Exchange do?
A4: suspended trading
Q5: Where were companies located that had their stock trading suspended?
A5: southwestern China
Q6: What metal rose due to speculation?
A6: Copper
Q7: Besides the Shanghai Stock Exchange, what other exchange suspended trading of southwestern China stock?
A7: Shenzhen Stock Exchange
Portugal (Geography and places)

Both the archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira have a subtropical climate, although variations between islands exist, making weather predictions very difficult (owing to rough topography). The Madeira and Azorean archipelagos have a narrower temperature range, with annual average temperatures exceeding 20 °C (68 °F) along the coast (according to the Portuguese Meteorological Institute). Some islands in Azores do have drier months in the summer. Consequently, the island of the Azores have been identified as having a Mediterranean climate (both Csa and Csb types), while some islands (such as Flores or Corvo) are classified as Maritime Temperate (Cfb) and Humid subtropical (Cfa), respectively, according to Köppen-Geiger classification.

Q1: What type of climate do the archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira have?
A1: subtropical
Q2: What makes weather predictions difficult in the archipelago region?
A2: rough topography
Q3: What type of climate does the island of the Azores have?
A3: Mediterranean
Tucson,_Arizona (Geography and places)

Both the council members and the mayor serve four-year terms; none face term limits. Council members are nominated by their wards via a ward-level primary held in September. The top vote-earners from each party then compete at-large for their ward's seat on the November ballot. In other words, on election day the whole city votes on all the council races up for that year. Council elections are severed: Wards 1, 2, and 4 (as well as the mayor) are up for election in the same year (most recently 2011), while Wards 3, 5, and 6 share another year (most recently 2013).

Q1: When is Tucson's city council primary?
A1: September
Q2: How long are Tucson's city council terms?
A2: four-year
Q3: When is Tucson's city council general election?
A3: November
Q4: Which wards elect city council members in the same year as the mayor?
A4: 1, 2, and 4
Q5: Which wards elect city council members in the alternate year from the mayor?
A5: 3, 5, and 6
Genome (Natural sciences)

Both the number of base pairs and the number of genes vary widely from one species to another, and there is only a rough correlation between the two (an observation known as the C-value paradox). At present, the highest known number of genes is around 60,000, for the protozoan causing trichomoniasis (see List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes), almost three times as many as in the human genome.

Q1: What is the relation between the number of base pairs and total complement of genes in a species called?
A1: C-value paradox
Q2: Which organism has the most genes?
A2: trichomoniasis
Q3: How many genes is the trichomoniasis estimated to have?
A3: 60,000
Q4: Relative to the human genome, how many more genes does trichomoniasis have?
A4: three times
Antenna_(radio) (Engineering and technology)

Both the vertical and dipole antennas are simple in construction and relatively inexpensive. The dipole antenna, which is the basis for most antenna designs, is a balanced component, with equal but opposite voltages and currents applied at its two terminals through a balanced transmission line (or to a coaxial transmission line through a so-called balun). The vertical antenna, on the other hand, is a monopole antenna. It is typically connected to the inner conductor of a coaxial transmission line (or a matching network); the shield of the transmission line is connected to ground. In this way, the ground (or any large conductive surface) plays the role of the second conductor of a dipole, thereby forming a complete circuit. Since monopole antennas rely on a conductive ground, a so-called grounding structure may be employed to provide a better ground contact to the earth or which itself acts as a ground plane to perform that function regardless of (or in absence of) an actual contact with the earth.

Q1: Are basic antennas expensive?
A1: relatively inexpensive
Q2: What is the foundation most often used when creating new antenna models?
A2: dipole antenna
Q3: What category do vertical antennas fall under?
A3: monopole antenna
Q4: What is used to close the circuit of a dipole antenna?
A4: large conductive surface
Software_testing (Engineering and technology)

Bottom Up Testing is an approach to integrated testing where the lowest level components (modules, procedures, and functions) are tested first, then integrated and used to facilitate the testing of higher level components. After the integration testing of lower level integrated modules, the next level of modules will be formed and can be used for integration testing. The process is repeated until the components at the top of the hierarchy are tested. This approach is helpful only when all or most of the modules of the same development level are ready.[citation needed] This method also helps to determine the levels of software developed and makes it easier to report testing progress in the form of a percentage.[citation needed]

Q1: What three components make up Bottom Up Testing?
A1: modules, procedures, and functions
Q2: Bottom Up Testing helps facilitate the testing of what?
A2: the testing of higher level components
Q3: What does Bottom Up Testing also help with once the process has been repeated over and over again at all levels?
A3: makes it easier to report testing progress in the form of a percentage
Identity_(social_science) (Philosophy and religion)

Boundaries can be inclusive or exclusive depending on how they are perceived by other people. An exclusive boundary arises, for example, when a person adopts a marker that imposes restrictions on the behaviour of others. An inclusive boundary is created, by contrast, by the use of a marker with which other people are ready and able to associate. At the same time, however, an inclusive boundary will also impose restrictions on the people it has included by limiting their inclusion within other boundaries. An example of this is the use of a particular language by a newcomer in a room full of people speaking various languages. Some people may understand the language used by this person while others may not. Those who do not understand it might take the newcomer's use of this particular language merely as a neutral sign of identity. But they might also perceive it as imposing an exclusive boundary that is meant to mark them off from her. On the other hand, those who do understand the newcomer's language could take it as an inclusive boundary, through which the newcomer associates herself with them to the exclusion of the other people present. Equally, however, it is possible that people who do understand the newcomer but who also speak another language may not want to speak the newcomer's language and so see her marker as an imposition and a negative boundary. It is possible that the newcomer is either aware or unaware of this, depending on whether she herself knows other languages or is conscious of the plurilingual quality of the people there and is respectful of it or not.

Q1: What are the two types of group boundaries?
A1: inclusive or exclusive
Q2: A marker that imposes restriction on the behavior of others is what kind of boundary?
A2: exclusive
Q3: A marker that people are ready and willing to associate with is what kind of boundary?
A3: inclusive
Q4: What boundary is given as an example that can be inclusive or exclusive?
A4: language