LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
British_Isles (Geography and places)

The linguistic heritage of the British Isles is rich, with twelve languages from six groups across four branches of the Indo-European family. The Insular Celtic languages of the Goidelic sub-group (Irish, Manx and Scottish Gaelic) and the Brittonic sub-group (Cornish, Welsh and Breton, spoken in north-western France) are the only remaining Celtic languages—the last of their continental relations becoming extinct before the 7th century. The Norman languages of Guernésiais, Jèrriais and Sarkese spoken in the Channel Islands are similar to French. A cant, called Shelta, is spoken by Irish Travellers, often as a means to conceal meaning from those outside the group. However, English, sometimes in the form of Scots, is the dominant language, with few monoglots remaining in the other languages of the region. The Norn language of Orkney and Shetland became extinct around 1880.

Q1: How many groups do these languages belong to?
A1: six groups
Q2: What are the three Insular Celtic languages?
A2: Irish, Manx and Scottish Gaelic
Q3: What are the remaining Cetic languages that are still used today?
A3: Cornish, Welsh and Breton
Q4: Which cant is often used by Irish Travellers?
A4: Shelta
Religion_in_ancient_Rome (History)

The links between religious and political life were vital to Rome's internal governance, diplomacy and development from kingdom, to Republic and to Empire. Post-regal politics dispersed the civil and religious authority of the kings more or less equitably among the patrician elite: kingship was replaced by two annually elected consular offices. In the early Republic, as presumably in the regal era, plebeians were excluded from high religious and civil office, and could be punished for offenses against laws of which they had no knowledge. They resorted to strikes and violence to break the oppressive patrician monopolies of high office, public priesthood, and knowledge of civil and religious law. The senate appointed Camillus as dictator to handle the emergency; he negotiated a settlement, and sanctified it by the dedication of a temple to Concordia. The religious calendars and laws were eventually made public. Plebeian tribunes were appointed, with sacrosanct status and the right of veto in legislative debate. In principle, the augural and pontifical colleges were now open to plebeians. In reality, the patrician and to a lesser extent, plebeian nobility dominated religious and civil office throughout the Republican era and beyond.

Q1: The link between what groups was necessary to Rome?
A1: religious and political
Q2: Where was the basic power in Rome to be found?
A2: patrician elite
Q3: What group was excluded from high offices ?
A3: plebeians
Q4: Who did the Senate select to settle a strike by the lower classes?
A4: Camillus
Q5: To whom was a temple dedicated at the settlement of the strike?
A5: Concordia
Human_Development_Index (Social sciences and society)

The list below displays the top-ranked country from each year of the Human Development Index. Norway has been ranked the highest twelve times, Canada eight times, followed by Japan which has been ranked highest three times. Iceland has been ranked highest twice.

Q1: Which country has been ranked highest the most number of times?
A1: Norway
Q2: Which country has received the top rank twice?
A2: Iceland
Nutrition (Agriculture, food, and drink)

The list of nutrients that people are known to require is, in the words of Marion Nestle, "almost certainly incomplete". As of 2014, nutrients are thought to be of two types: macro-nutrients which are needed in relatively large amounts, and micronutrients which are needed in smaller quantities. A type of carbohydrate, dietary fiber, i.e. non-digestible material such as cellulose, is required, for both mechanical and biochemical reasons, although the exact reasons remain unclear. Other micronutrients include antioxidants and phytochemicals, which are said to influence (or protect) some body systems. Their necessity is not as well established as in the case of, for instance, vitamins.

Q1: Who claims that the list of nutrients that humans require is incomplete?
A1: Marion Nestle
Q2: What is the other category of nutrients that people require other than micronutrients?
A2: macro-nutrients
Q3: What is notable about cellulose in humans?
A3: non-digestible
Q4: What else, other than antioxidants, helps protect body systems?
A4: phytochemicals
Q5: In which year were nutrients categorized into their two respective categories?
A5: 2014
Kathmandu (Geography and places)

The literal meaning of Durbar Square is a "place of palaces". There are three preserved Durbar Squares in Kathmandu valley and one unpreserved in Kirtipur. The Durbar Square of Kathmandu is located in the old city and has heritage buildings representing four kingdoms (Kantipur, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, Kirtipur); the earliest is the Licchavi dynasty. The complex has 50 temples and is distributed in two quadrangles of the Durbar Square. The outer quadrangle has the Kasthamandap, Kumari Ghar, and Shiva-Parvati Temple; the inner quadrangle has the Hanuman Dhoka palace. The squares were severely damaged in the April 2015 Nepal earthquake.

Q1: Where is a Durban Square located that is not preserved?
A1: Kirtipur
Q2: What is the oldest dynasty to be represented with buildings in Kathmandu's Durbar Square?
A2: Licchavi
Q3: How many temples are present in Kathmandu's Durbar Square?
A3: 50
Q4: When did a notable earthquake occur that damaged Kathmandu's Durbar Square?
A4: April 2015
Q5: How many kingdoms have buildings present in the Durbar Square of Kathmandu?
A5: four
Melbourne (Geography and places)

The local councils are responsible for providing the functions set out in the Local Government Act 1989 such as urban planning and waste management. Most other government services are provided or regulated by the Victorian state government, which governs from Parliament House in Spring Street. These include services which are associated with local government in other countries and include public transport, main roads, traffic control, policing, education above preschool level, health and planning of major infrastructure projects. The state government retains the right to override certain local government decisions, including urban planning, and Melburnian issues often feature prominently in state election.

Q1: Which act sets functions for Melbourne such as urban planning and waste management?
A1: Local Government Act 1989
Q2: From where does the Victorian state government operate?
A2: Parliament House in Spring Street
Q3: Contrary to other countires, are public transport, traffic control, policing, and education the responsibility of local or state government?
A3: state government
Mexico_City (Geography and places)

The local government continuously strives for a reduction of massive traffic congestion, and has increased incentives for making a bicycle-friendly city. This includes North America's second-largest bicycle sharing system, EcoBici, launched in 2010, in which registered residents can get bicycles for 45 minutes with a pre-paid subscription of 300 pesos a year. There are, as of September 2013, 276 stations with 4,000 bicycles across an area stretching from the Historic center to Polanco. within 300 metres (980 feet) of one another and are fully automatic using a transponder based card. Bicycle-service users have access to several permanent Ciclovías (dedicated bike paths/lanes/streets), including ones along Paseo de la Reforma and Avenida Chapultepec as well as one running 59 kilometres (37 miles) from Polanco to Fierro del Toro, which is located south of Cumbres del Ajusco National Park, near the Morelos state line. The city's initiative is inspired by forward thinking examples, such as Denmark's Copenhagenization.

Q1: What is the name of the city's bike sharing system?
A1: EcoBici
Q2: When did the bike sharing system of the city begin?
A2: 2010
Q3: How many bikes are involved in the bike share system?
A3: 4,000
Q4: What do they call the bike paths in Mexico City?
A4: Ciclovías
Q5: What country is the inspiration for Mexico City's new programs?
A5: Denmark
Kathmandu (Geography and places)

The location and terrain of Kathmandu have played a significant role in the development of a stable economy which spans millennia. The city is located in an ancient lake basin, with fertile soil and flat terrain. This geography helped form a society based on agriculture. This, combined with its location between India and China, helped establish Kathmandu as an important trading center over the centuries. Kathmandu's trade is an ancient profession that flourished along an offshoot of the Silk Road which linked India and Tibet. From centuries past, Lhasa Newar merchants of Kathmandu have conducted trade across the Himalaya and contributed to spreading art styles and Buddhism across Central Asia. Other traditional occupations are farming, metal casting, woodcarving, painting, weaving, and pottery.

Q1: What religion proliferated throughout Central Asia in part due to the efforts of Lhasa Newar merchants?
A1: Buddhism
Q2: Existing between what two countries contributed to Kathmandu becoming a center of trade?
A2: India and China
Q3: Other than trade, what was the traditional basis of Kathmandu's economy?
A3: agriculture
Utrecht (History)

The location on the banks of the river Rhine allowed Utrecht to become an important trade centre in the Northern Netherlands. The growing town Utrecht was granted city rights by Henry V in 1122. When the main flow of the Rhine moved south, the old bed, which still flowed through the heart of the town became evermore canalized; and the wharf system was built as an inner city harbour system. On the wharfs storage facilities (werfkelders) were built, on top of which the main street, including houses was constructed. The wharfs and the cellars are accessible from a platform at water level with stairs descending from the street level to form a unique structure.[nb 2] The relations between the bishop, who controlled many lands outside of the city, and the citizens of Utrecht was not always easy. The bishop, for example dammed the Kromme Rijn at Wijk bij Duurstede to protect his estates from flooding. This threatened shipping for the city and led the city of Utrecht to commission a canal to ensure access to the town for shipping trade: the Vaartse Rijn, connecting Utrecht to the Hollandse IJssel at IJsselstein.

Q1: What did Utrecht's location allow 
A1: allowed Utrecht to become an important trade centre in the Northern Netherlands.
Q2: Who granted Utrecht city rights 
A2: Henry V in 1122
Q3: What was the relationship with the bishop like for citizens of Utrecht
A3: the bishop, who controlled many lands outside of the city, and the citizens of Utrecht was not always easy
Q4: What Industry did the bishop hurt 
A4: The bishop, for example dammed the Kromme Rijn at Wijk bij Duurstede to protect his estates from flooding
Compact_disc (Engineering and technology)

The logical format of an audio CD (officially Compact Disc Digital Audio or CD-DA) is described in a document produced in 1980 by the format's joint creators, Sony and Philips. The document is known colloquially as the Red Book CD-DA after the colour of its cover. The format is a two-channel 16-bit PCM encoding at a 44.1 kHz sampling rate per channel. Four-channel sound was to be an allowable option within the Red Book format, but has never been implemented. Monaural audio has no existing standard on a Red Book CD; thus, mono source material is usually presented as two identical channels in a standard Red Book stereo track (i.e., mirrored mono); an MP3 CD, however, can have audio file formats with mono sound.

Q1: Where does the Red Book get it's name from?
A1: the colour of its cover
Q2: What is the formal name for a CD? 
A2: Compact Disc Digital Audio
Q3: Do CDs have a two or four channel format?
A3: two-channel
Q4: What format has never been implemented on CDs?
A4: Four-channel sound
Universal_Studios (Media and drama)

The long-awaited takeover of Universal Pictures by MCA, Inc. happened in mid-1962 as part of the MCA-Decca Records merger. The company reverted in name to Universal Pictures. As a final gesture before leaving the talent agency business, virtually every MCA client was signed to a Universal contract. In 1964 MCA formed Universal City Studios, Inc., merging the motion pictures and television arms of Universal Pictures Company and Revue Productions (officially renamed as Universal Television in 1966). And so, with MCA in charge, Universal became a full-blown, A-film movie studio, with leading actors and directors under contract; offering slick, commercial films; and a studio tour subsidiary launched in 1964. Television production made up much of the studio's output, with Universal heavily committed, in particular, to deals with NBC (which later merged with Universal to form NBC Universal; see below) providing up to half of all prime time shows for several seasons. An innovation during this period championed by Universal was the made-for-television movie.

Q1: In what year did MCA take over Universal?
A1: 1962
Q2: What company did MCA create in 1964?
A2: Universal City Studios, Inc.
Q3: What new name was given to Revue Productions in 1966?
A3: Universal Television
Q4: What was the company formed by the merger of Universal and NBC?
A4: NBC Universal
Q5: When did Universal inaugurate its studio tour subsidiary?
A5: 1964
Eton_College (History)

The long-standing claim that the present uniform was first worn as mourning for the death of George III is unfounded. "Eton dress" has undergone significant changes since its standardisation in the 19th century. Originally (along with a top-hat and walking-cane), Etonian dress was reserved for formal occasions, but boys wear it today for classes, which are referred to as "divisions", or "divs". As stated above, King's Scholars wear a black gown over the top of their tailcoats, and occasionally a surplice in Chapel. Members of the teaching staff (known as Beaks) are required to wear a form of school dress when teaching.

Q1: There is false belief that the current uniforms were first worn for what event?
A1: mourning for the death of George III
Q2: What are Beaks?
A2: Members of the teaching staff
Q3: When are Beaks required to wear a form of school dress?
A3: when teaching
Q4: What are classes at Eaton known as today?
A4: "divisions", or "divs"
Dog (Natural sciences)

The longest-lived breeds, including Toy Poodles, Japanese Spitz, Border Terriers, and Tibetan Spaniels, have median longevities of 14 to 15 years. The median longevity of mixed-breed dogs, taken as an average of all sizes, is one or more years longer than that of purebred dogs when all breeds are averaged. The dog widely reported to be the longest-lived is "Bluey", who died in 1939 and was claimed to be 29.5 years old at the time of his death. On 5 December 2011, Pusuke, the world's oldest living dog recognized by Guinness Book of World Records, died aged 26 years and 9 months.

Q1: What is the average length of years of life for canines with long lifespans?
A1: 14 to 15 years.
Q2: What is the name of the canine that is reported to have lived the longest?
A2: Bluey
Q3: What is the name of the dog in the Guinness Book of World Records for longest lived?
A3: Pusuke
Q4: What year did the dog die that is reported to be the longest lived but not officially in a record book?
A4: 1939
Q5: What was the name of the dog who lived to be 29.5 years?
A5: Bluey
Q6: When did Bluey die?
A6: 1939
Q7: Who did the Guinness Book of World Records say was the oldest dog in 2011?
A7: Pusuke
Military_history_of_the_United_States (History)

The loss of eight battleships and 2,403 Americans at Pearl Harbor forced the U.S. to rely on its remaining aircraft carriers, which won a major victory over Japan at Midway just six months into the war, and on its growing submarine fleet. The Navy and Marine Corps followed this up with an island hopping campaign across the central and south Pacific in 1943–45, reaching the outskirts of Japan in the Battle of Okinawa. During 1942 and 1943, the U.S. deployed millions of men and thousands of planes and tanks to the UK, beginning with the strategic bombing of Nazi Germany and occupied Europe and leading up to the Allied invasions of occupied North Africa in November 1942, Sicily and Italy in 1943, France in 1944, and the invasion of Germany in 1945, parallel with the Soviet invasion from the east. That led to the surrender of Nazi Germany in May 1945. In the Pacific, the U.S. experienced much success in naval campaigns during 1944, but bloody battles at Iwo Jima and Okinawa in 1945 led the U.S. to look for a way to end the war with minimal loss of American lives. The U.S. used atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to destroy the Japanese war effort and to shock the Japanese leadership, which quickly caused the surrender of Japan.

Q1: How many battleships did the US Navy lose at Pearl Harbor?
A1: eight
Q2: How many Americans were killed during the Pearl Harbor attack?
A2: 2,403
Q3: What term describes the overall US strategy in the Pacific in WWII?
A3: island hopping
Q4: When did the Allies invade North Africa?
A4: 1942
Q5: Which two Japanese cities were hit with atomic bombs?
A5: Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Detroit (Geography and places)

The loss of industrial and working-class jobs in the city has resulted in high rates of poverty and associated problems. From 2000 to 2009, the city's estimated median household income fell from $29,526 to $26,098. As of 2010[update] the mean income of Detroit is below the overall U.S. average by several thousand dollars. Of every three Detroit residents, one lives in poverty. Luke Bergmann, author of Getting Ghost: Two Young Lives and the Struggle for the Soul of an American City, said in 2010, "Detroit is now one of the poorest big cities in the country."

Q1: What was the median household income in 2009?
A1: $26,098
Q2: What was the median household income in 2000?
A2: $29,526
Q3: How many residents of Detroit in three live in poverty?
A3: one
Q4: Who said that Detroit is one of the poorest big cities in the country?
A4: Luke Bergmann
British_Empire (History)

The loss of such a large portion of British America, at the time Britain's most populous overseas possession, is seen by some historians as the event defining the transition between the "first" and "second" empires, in which Britain shifted its attention away from the Americas to Asia, the Pacific and later Africa. Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations, published in 1776, had argued that colonies were redundant, and that free trade should replace the old mercantilist policies that had characterised the first period of colonial expansion, dating back to the protectionism of Spain and Portugal. The growth of trade between the newly independent United States and Britain after 1783 seemed to confirm Smith's view that political control was not necessary for economic success.

Q1: What book by Adam Smith was published in 1776?
A1: Wealth of Nations
Q2: The growth of trade between the US and Britain after 1783 seemed to confirm whose views?
A2: Smith
Q3: In the 'second' British Empire period, Britain refocused on which areas?
A3: Asia, the Pacific and later Africa
Q4: What had been Britain's most populous overseas possession?
A4: British America
Q5: Who argued that colonies were redundant?
A5: Adam Smith
American_Idol (Music)

The loss of viewers continued into season 12, which saw the show hitting a number of series low in the 18-49 demo. The finale had 7.2 million fewer viewers than the previous season, and saw a drop of 44% in the 18-49 demo. The season viewers averaged at 13.3 million, a drop of 24% from the previous season. The thirteenth season suffered a huge decline in the 18–49 demographic, a drop of 28% from the twelfth season, and American Idol lost its Top 10 position in the Nielsen ratings by the end of the 2013–14 television season for the first time since its entry to the rankings in 2003 as a result, although the entire series to date had not yet been dropped from the Nielsen Top 30 rankings since its inception in 2002.

Q1: How many people on average watched season 12 of American Idol? 
A1: 13.3 million
Q2: During which season did American Idol fall out of the top ten shows in ratings? 
A2: 13
Q3: When did American Idol first air on television? 
A3: 2002
Q4: The season finale for season 12 had how many fewer viewers than season 11?
A4: 7.2 million
Q5: How many viewers watched on average this season?
A5: 13.3 million
American_Idol (Music)

The loss of viewers continued into season seven. The premiere was down 11% among total viewers, and the results show in which Kristy Lee Cook was eliminated delivered its lowest-rated Wednesday show among the 18–34 demo since the first season in 2002. However, the ratings rebounded for the season seven finale with the excitement over the battle of the Davids, and improved over season six as the series' third most watched finale. The strong finish of season seven also helped Fox become the most watched TV network in the country for the first time since its inception, a first ever in American television history for a non-Big Three major broadcast network. Overall ratings for the season were down 10% from season six, which is in line with the fall in viewership across all networks due in part to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike.

Q1: During which season of American Idol did Fox beat the other networks in ratings for the first time? 
A1: season seven
Q2: Why were television ratings down across the board during American Idols seventh season? 
A2: Writers Guild of America strike
Q3: On what season was Kristy Lee Cook a contestant on American Idol? 
A3: season seven
Q4: Who was eliminated during the lowest rated show since season one?
A4: Kristy Lee Cook
Q5: What was the series' third most watched finale?
A5: season seven
Q6: Because of the rebound in viewers, Fox became what for the first time?
A6: the most watched TV network
Q7: What happened in 2007-2008 that had a drop in viewers for all networks?
A7: Writers Guild of America strike
Elevator (History)

The low mechanical complexity of hydraulic elevators in comparison to traction elevators makes them ideal for low rise, low traffic installations. They are less energy efficient as the pump works against gravity to push the car and its passengers upwards; this energy is lost when the car descends on its own weight. The high current draw of the pump when starting up also places higher demands on a building’s electrical system. There are also environmental concerns should the lifting cylinder leak fluid into the ground.

Q1: What type of installations are hydraulic elevators best suited for?
A1: low rise, low traffic installations
Q2: Why do hydraulic elevators use more energy?
A2: the pump works against gravity to push the car and its passengers upwards; this energy is lost when the car descends on its own weight
Q3: What else contributes to a higher demand from the electrical system?
A3: The high current draw of the pump when starting up
Q4: What concerns arise when the lifting cylinder leaks fluid into the ground?
A4: environmental concerns