LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Software_testing (Engineering and technology)

Operational Acceptance is used to conduct operational readiness (pre-release) of a product, service or system as part of a quality management system. OAT is a common type of non-functional software testing, used mainly in software development and software maintenance projects. This type of testing focuses on the operational readiness of the system to be supported, and/or to become part of the production environment. Hence, it is also known as operational readiness testing (ORT) or Operations readiness and assurance (OR&A) testing. Functional testing within OAT is limited to those tests which are required to verify the non-functional aspects of the system.

Q1: What is the term used to test software during a pre-release?
A1: Operational Acceptance
Q2: What does Operational Acceptance focus on?
A2: operational readiness of the system
Q3: What is Operational Acceptance limited to while testing?
A3: limited to those tests which are required to verify the non-functional aspects of the system
Myanmar (Geography and places)

Opinions differ whether the transition to liberal democracy is underway. According to some reports, the military's presence continues as the label 'disciplined democracy' suggests. This label asserts that the Burmese military is allowing certain civil liberties while clandestinely institutionalising itself further into Burmese politics. Such an assertion assumes that reforms only occurred when the military was able to safeguard its own interests through the transition—here, "transition" does not refer to a transition to a liberal democracy, but transition to a quasi-military rule.

Q1: Is Burma now a democratic nation?
A1: Opinions differ whether the transition to liberal democracy is underway
Q2: Does the military still have a government presence in Burma ?
A2: the military's presence continues
Q3: What type of government does Burma operate under ?
A3: 'disciplined democracy
Q4: Does the military presence interfere with the day to day running of the government ?
A4: reforms only occurred when the military was able to safeguard its own interests
Daylight_saving_time (Engineering and technology)

Opponents argue that actual energy savings are inconclusive, that DST increases health risks such as heart attack, that DST can disrupt morning activities, and that the act of changing clocks twice a year is economically and socially disruptive and cancels out any benefit. Farmers have tended to oppose DST.

Q1: What major health risk do people who oppose DST say it increases?
A1: heart attack
Q2: What profession is more likely to want to repeal DST: farmers or shopkeepers?
A2: Farmers
Q3: What adjective would those against DST use to describe the energy savings touted by supporters?
A3: inconclusive
Q4: What time of day do opponents of daylight savings believe is disrupted the most by the time shift?
A4: morning
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States (History)

Opponents argue that the death penalty is not an effective means of deterring crime, risks the execution of the innocent, is unnecessarily barbaric in nature, cheapens human life, and puts a government on the same base moral level as those criminals involved in murder. Furthermore, some opponents argue that the arbitrariness with which it is administered and the systemic influence of racial, socio-economic, geographic, and gender bias on determinations of desert make the current practice of capital punishment immoral and illegitimate.

Q1: Along with gender, geography and race, what bias do some opponents of the death penalty see in its administration?
A1: socio-economic
Q2: According to opponents of the death penalty, what does the death penalty cheapen?
A2: human life
Q3: According to death penalty opponents, on whose moral level does execution place the government?
A3: criminals involved in murder
Q4: What do death penalty opponents argue that capital punishment isn't effective at doing?
A4: deterring crime
Q5: Who do death penalty opponents believe may sometimes be executed?
A5: the innocent
Endangered_Species_Act (Natural sciences)

Opponents of the Endangered Species Act argue that with over 2,000 endangered species listed, and only 28 delisted due to recovery, the success rate of 1% over nearly three decades proves that there needs to be serious reform in their methods to actually help the endangered animals and plants. Others argue that the ESA may encourage preemptive habitat destruction by landowners who fear losing the use of their land because of the presence of an endangered species; known colloquially as "Shoot, Shovel and Shut-Up." One example of such perverse incentives is the case of a forest owner who, in response to ESA listing of the red-cockaded woodpecker, increased harvesting and shortened the age at which he harvests his trees to ensure that they do not become old enough to become suitable habitat. While no studies have shown that the Act's negative effects, in total, exceed the positive effects, many economists believe that finding a way to reduce such perverse incentives would lead to more effective protection of endangered species.

Q1: How many species are currently listed?
A1: over 2,000
Q2: What is the success rate of the list and the Endangered Species Act initiatives?
A2: 1%
Q3: What is the name given to the act of pre-emptive habitat destruction by landowners fearing a protected species?
A3: "Shoot, Shovel and Shut-Up."
Q4: How did a land owner impact the protected red-cockaded woodpecker species?
A4: increased harvesting and shortened the age at which he harvests his trees to ensure that they do not become old enough to become suitable habitat
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser (History)

Opposition to the union mounted among some of Syria's key elements, namely the socioeconomic, political, and military elites. In response to Syria's worsening economy, which Nasser attributed to its control by the bourgeoisie, in July 1961, Nasser decreed socialist measures that nationalized wide-ranging sectors of the Syrian economy. He also dismissed Sarraj in September to curb the growing political crisis. Aburish states that Nasser was not fully capable of addressing Syrian problems because they were "foreign to him". In Egypt, the economic situation was more positive, with a GNP growth of 4.5 percent and a rapid growth of industry. In 1960, Nasser nationalized the Egyptian press, which had already been cooperating with his government, in order to steer coverage towards the country's socioeconomic issues and galvanize public support for his socialist measures.

Q1: What Syrian social group opposed the UAR?
A1: elites
Q2: How was Syria's economy fairing under the arrangement?
A2: worsening
Q3: How did Nasser respond to economic problems in Syria?
A3: nationalized wide-ranging sectors of the Syrian economy
Q4: What did Nasser do to Sarraj to try and help the political situation?
A4: dismissed
Q5: What industry did Nassir nationalize in 1960?
A5: press
Diarrhea (Natural sciences)

Oral rehydration solution (ORS) (a slightly sweetened and salty water) can be used to prevent dehydration. Standard home solutions such as salted rice water, salted yogurt drinks, vegetable and chicken soups with salt can be given. Home solutions such as water in which cereal has been cooked, unsalted soup, green coconut water, weak tea (unsweetened), and unsweetened fresh fruit juices can have from half a teaspoon to full teaspoon of salt (from one-and-a-half to three grams) added per liter. Clean plain water can also be one of several fluids given. There are commercial solutions such as Pedialyte, and relief agencies such as UNICEF widely distribute packets of salts and sugar. A WHO publication for physicians recommends a homemade ORS consisting of one liter water with one teaspoon salt (3 grams) and two tablespoons sugar (18 grams) added (approximately the "taste of tears"). Rehydration Project recommends adding the same amount of sugar but only one-half a teaspoon of salt, stating that this more dilute approach is less risky with very little loss of effectiveness. Both agree that drinks with too much sugar or salt can make dehydration worse.

Q1: What can be used to prevent dehydration?
A1: Oral rehydration solution (ORS)
Q2: What are some good standard home solutions?
A2: salted rice water, salted yogurt drinks, vegetable and chicken soups with salt
Q3: What is a commercial solution that can also be used?
A3: Pedialyte
Q4: What is the WHO's recipe for ORS?
A4: one liter water with one teaspoon salt (3 grams) and two tablespoons sugar (18 grams) added
Cotton (Natural sciences)

Organic cotton is generally understood as cotton from plants not genetically modified and that is certified to be grown without the use of any synthetic agricultural chemicals, such as fertilizers or pesticides. Its production also promotes and enhances biodiversity and biological cycles. In the United States, organic cotton plantations are required to enforce the National Organic Program (NOP). This institution determines the allowed practices for pest control, growing, fertilizing, and handling of organic crops. As of 2007, 265,517 bales of organic cotton were produced in 24 countries, and worldwide production was growing at a rate of more than 50% per year.

Q1: What are organic plants understood to be?
A1: not genetically modified
Q2: Without what are organic plants meant to be grown ? 
A2: synthetic agricultural chemicals
Q3: What is meant by synthetic chemicals?
A3: fertilizers or pesticides
Q4: What group in the US determines the allowed practices in organic agriculture?
A4: National Organic Program
Q5: How much organic cotton was produced worldwide in 2007?
A5: 265,517 bales
Pub (History)

Organisations such as Wetherspoons, Punch Taverns and O'Neill's were formed in the UK in the wake of the Beer Orders. A PubCo is a company involved in the retailing but not the manufacture of beverages, while a Pub chain may be run either by a PubCo or by a brewery.

Q1: Along with Punch Taverns and Weatherspoons, what was an organization formed as a result of the Beer Orders?
A1: O'Neill's
Q2: What is the name of a company that retails but does not manufacture drinks?
A2: PubCo
Q3: Along with breweries, what type of company may run a pub chain?
A3: PubCo
Q4: In what country was Punch Taverns established?
A4: the UK
Gene (Natural sciences)

Organisms inherit their genes from their parents. Asexual organisms simply inherit a complete copy of their parent's genome. Sexual organisms have two copies of each chromosome because they inherit one complete set from each parent.:1

Q1: Where do organisms inherit their genes from?
A1: from their parents
Q2: How much of an asexual organism's genome is inherited from its parents?
A2: a complete copy
Q3: How many copies of each chromosome does a sexual organism have?
A3: two copies of each chromosome
Q4: How many sets of chromosomes does a sexual organism inherit from each parent?
A4: one complete set from each parent
Q5: Why do sexual organisms have two copies of each chromosome?
A5: because they inherit one complete set from each parent
YouTube (Engineering and technology)

Organizations including Viacom, Mediaset, and the English Premier League have filed lawsuits against YouTube, claiming that it has done too little to prevent the uploading of copyrighted material. Viacom, demanding $1 billion in damages, said that it had found more than 150,000 unauthorized clips of its material on YouTube that had been viewed "an astounding 1.5 billion times". YouTube responded by stating that it "goes far beyond its legal obligations in assisting content owners to protect their works".

Q1: Companies including Viacom and Mediaset have done what against youtube?
A1: filed lawsuits
Q2: How much did Viacom want in damages in their lawsuit against youtube?
A2: $1 billion
Q3: What does youtube do to prevent losing lawsuits involving copyright infringement?
A3: goes far beyond its legal obligations
Q4: How many unauthorized clips did Viacom allegedly find on youtube that infringed its copyrights?
A4: 150,000
New_York_City (Geography and places)

Organized crime has long been associated with New York City, beginning with the Forty Thieves and the Roach Guards in the Five Points in the 1820s. The 20th century saw a rise in the Mafia, dominated by the Five Families, as well as in gangs, including the Black Spades. The Mafia presence has declined in the city in the 21st century.

Q1: The first major crime groups in NYC were in the 1820s known as what?
A1: Forty Thieves and the Roach Guards
Q2: What group controlled the Mafia in New York in the 20th century?
A2: the Five Families
Q3: The Forth Thieves and Roach Guards were two gangs that operated in what area of New York in the 1820s?
A3: the Five Points
Q4: What was a notable 20th century gang in New York?
A4: the Black Spades
Sanskrit (Language and literature)

Orientalist scholars of the 18th century like Sir William Jones marked a wave of enthusiasm for Indian culture and for Sanskrit. According to Thomas Trautmann, after this period of "Indomania", a certain hostility to Sanskrit and to Indian culture in general began to assert itself in early 19th century Britain, manifested by a neglect of Sanskrit in British academia. This was the beginning of a general push in favor of the idea that India should be culturally, religiously and linguistically assimilated to Britain as far as possible. Trautmann considers two separate and logically opposite sources for the growing hostility: one was "British Indophobia", which he calls essentially a developmentalist, progressivist, liberal, and non-racial-essentialist critique of Hindu civilisation as an aid for the improvement of India along European lines; the other was scientific racism, a theory of the English "common-sense view" that Indians constituted a "separate, inferior and unimprovable race".

Q1: When was Sanskrit and Indian culture popular?
A1: 18th century
Q2: In what century was Indian culture accorded a more hostile reception?
A2: early 19th century
Q3: How did the British academics show their feelings about Sanskrit?
A3: neglect
Q4: What did British of the 19th century want India to be as soon as possible?
A4: assimilated to Britain
Q5: Besides assimilation of British culture, what else did the British consider Indians to be?
A5: inferior
Bird_migration (Natural sciences)

Orientation behaviour studies have been traditionally carried out using variants of a setup known as the Emlen funnel, which consists of a circular cage with the top covered by glass or wire-screen so that either the sky is visible or the setup is placed in a planetarium or with other controls on environmental cues. The orientation behaviour of the bird inside the cage is studied quantitatively using the distribution of marks that the bird leaves on the walls of the cage. Other approaches used in pigeon homing studies make use of the direction in which the bird vanishes on the horizon.

Q1: How are orientation behavior studies traditionally carried out?
A1: the Emlen funnel
Q2: What shape is the cage in the Emlen funnel?
A2: circular
Q3: What is studied quantitatively inside the cage?
A3: The orientation behaviour
Q4: What does the bird leave on the walls of the cage?
A4: marks
Q5: Where does the homing pigeon vanish?
A5: on the horizon
Letter_case (Language and literature)

Originally alphabets were written entirely in majuscule letters, spaced between well-defined upper and lower bounds. When written quickly with a pen, these tended to turn into rounder and much simpler forms. It is from these that the first minuscule hands developed, the half-uncials and cursive minuscule, which no longer stayed bound between a pair of lines. These in turn formed the foundations for the Carolingian minuscule script, developed by Alcuin for use in the court of Charlemagne, which quickly spread across Europe. The advantage of the minuscule over majuscule was improved, faster readability.[citation needed]

Q1: Originally alphabets were written entirely in which type of letter?
A1: majuscule
Q2: Rounder and simpler forms of letters came from writing quickly with which instrument?
A2: pen
Q3: Who developed the Carolingian minuscule script for handwriting?
A3: Alcuin
Q4: Carolingian minuscule script quickly spread across which continent?
A4: Europe
Q5: What is a common advantage of miniscule over majuscule handwriting?
A5: faster readability
ASCII (Engineering and technology)

Originally based on the English alphabet, ASCII encodes 128 specified characters into seven-bit integers as shown by the ASCII chart on the right. The characters encoded are numbers 0 to 9, lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, basic punctuation symbols, control codes that originated with Teletype machines, and a space. For example, lowercase j would become binary 1101010 and decimal 106. ASCII includes definitions for 128 characters: 33 are non-printing control characters (many now obsolete) that affect how text and space are processed and 95 printable characters, including the space (which is considered an invisible graphic:223).

Q1: What is the ASCII based on?
A1: English alphabet
Q2: How many specific characters are there in the ASCII code?
A2: 128 specified characters
Q3: How many are non-printing control characters?
A3: 33 are non-printing control characters
Q4: How many characters are printable characters? 
A4: 95 printable characters
Q5: What is the space also known as what?
A5: invisible graphic:223
Buckingham_Palace (Art and architecture)

Originally known as Buckingham House, the building at the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1703 on a site that had been in private ownership for at least 150 years. It was acquired by King George III in 1761 as a private residence for Queen Charlotte and became known as "The Queen's House". During the 19th century it was enlarged, principally by architects John Nash and Edward Blore, who constructed three wings around a central courtyard. Buckingham Palace became the London residence of the British monarch on the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837.

Q1: What was Buckingham Palace orginally known as?
A1: Buckingham House
Q2: Who was Buckingham Palace was originally built for?
A2: Duke of Buckingham
Q3: Which king acquired the Buckingham House in 1761?
A3: King George III
Q4: What was Buckingham House known as when Queen Charlotte resided there?
A4: "The Queen's House"
Q5: Which two architects were commissioned to enlarge Buckingham in the 19th century?
A5: John Nash and Edward Blore
Q6: For whom was Buckingham house originally built?
A6: Duke of Buckingham
Q7: Who enlarged the house in the 19th century?
A7: John Nash and Edward Blore
Q8: When did the palace become the London residence for the monarchs?
A8: 1837
Mexico_City (Geography and places)

Originally much of the valley laid beneath the waters of Lake Texcoco, a system of interconnected salt and freshwater lakes. The Aztecs built dikes to separate the fresh water used to raise crops in chinampas and to prevent recurrent floods. These dikes were destroyed during the siege of Tenochtitlan, and during colonial times the Spanish regularly drained the lake to prevent floods. Only a small section of the original lake remains, located outside the Federal District, in the municipality of Atenco, State of Mexico.

Q1: What happened to the dikes the Aztecs built?
A1: destroyed during the siege of Tenochtitlan
Q2: Where does the lake still remain?
A2: municipality of Atenco, State of Mexico
Q3: Who first built the dikes in Lake Texcoco?
A3: The Aztecs
Q4: What made up Lake Texcoco?
A4: a system of interconnected salt and freshwater lakes
Q5: Where is the lake located in Atenco?
A5: Federal District
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects (Art and architecture)

Originally named the Institute of British Architects in London, it was formed in 1834 by several prominent architects, including Philip Hardwick, Thomas Allom, William Donthorne, Thomas Leverton Donaldson, William Adams Nicholson, John Buonarotti Papworth, and Thomas de Grey, 2nd Earl de Grey.

Q1: What was Riba's first name?
A1: Institute of British Architects in London
Q2: In what year was the Institute of British Architects founded?
A2: 1834
Q3: In what city was the Institute of British Architects located?
A3: London
Q4: In terms of profession, what were people like Philip Hardwick, William Adams Nicholson and Thomas de Grey?
A4: Architects
Samurai (Language and literature)

Originally the Emperor and non-warrior nobility employed these warrior nobles. In time, they amassed enough manpower, resources and political backing in the form of alliances with one another, to establish the first samurai-dominated government. As the power of these regional clans grew, their chief was typically a distant relative of the Emperor and a lesser member of either the Fujiwara, Minamoto, or Taira clans. Though originally sent to provincial areas for a fixed four-year term as a magistrate, the toryo declined to return to the capital when their terms ended, and their sons inherited their positions and continued to lead the clans in putting down rebellions throughout Japan during the middle- and later-Heian period. Because of their rising military and economic power, the warriors ultimately became a new force in the politics of the court. Their involvement in the Hōgen in the late Heian period consolidated their power, and finally pitted the rival Minamoto and Taira clans against each other in the Heiji Rebellion of 1160.

Q1: What rebellion happened in 1160?
A1: Heiji Rebellion
Q2: Who fought in the Heiji Rebellion?
A2: the rival Minamoto and Taira clans
Q3: How long were the toryos' terms supposed to be?
A3: four-year
Q4: What clans were most regional clans' chiefs also a member of?
A4: Fujiwara, Minamoto, or Taira clans
Dell (History)

Originally, Dell did not emphasize the consumer market, due to the higher costs and unacceptably low profit margins in selling to individuals and households; this changed when the company’s Internet site took off in 1996 and 1997. While the industry’s average selling price to individuals was going down, Dell's was going up, as second- and third-time computer buyers who wanted powerful computers with multiple features and did not need much technical support were choosing Dell. Dell found an opportunity among PC-savvy individuals who liked the convenience of buying direct, customizing their PC to their means, and having it delivered in days. In early 1997, Dell created an internal sales and marketing group dedicated to serving the home market and introduced a product line designed especially for individual users.

Q1: What market did Dell ignore at first?
A1: consumer market
Q2: When did Dell's internet site gain popularity?
A2: 1996
Q3: What was happening to Dell's average sale to individuals?
A3: going up
Q4: When did Dell create their internal marketing group?
A4: 1997
IPod (Engineering and technology)

Originally, a FireWire connection to the host computer was used to update songs or recharge the battery. The battery could also be charged with a power adapter that was included with the first four generations.

Q1: What was the first type of connection used by the iPod to charge and transfer files?
A1: FireWire
Q2: What was an alternate method of charging the iPod?
A2: power adapter
Q3: What type of connector was originally required to upload songs or recharge the iPod?
A3: FireWire
National_Archives_and_Records_Administration (History)

Originally, each branch and agency of the U.S. government was responsible for maintaining its own documents, which often resulted in records loss and destruction. Congress established the National Archives Establishment in 1934 to centralize federal record keeping, with the Archivist of the United States as chief administrator. The National Archives was incorporated with GSA in 1949; in 1985 it became an independent agency as NARA (National Archives and Records Administration).

Q1: What year was the National Archives Establishment established in?
A1: 1934
Q2: In what year did NARA become an independent agency?
A2: 1985
Q3: In what year was The National Archives merged with GSA?
A3: 1949