LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
American_Idol (Music)

Theories given for the success of Southerners on Idol have been: more versatility with musical genres, as the Southern U.S. is home to several music genre scenes; not having as many opportunities to break into the pop music business; text-voting due to the South having the highest percentage of cell-phone only households; and the strong heritage of music and singing, which is notable in the Bible Belt, where it is in church that many people get their start in public singing. Others also suggest that the Southern character of these contestants appeal to the South, as well as local pride. According to season five winner Taylor Hicks, who is from the state of Alabama, "People in the South have a lot of pride ... So, they're adamant about supporting the contestants who do well from their state or region."

Q1: Who won season five of American Idol? 
A1: Taylor Hicks
Q2: What state is Taylor Hicks from? 
A2: Alabama
Q3: Where do people in the Southern United States often begin singing? 
A3: church
Q4: Where do a lot of people get their start in singing in the south?
A4: church
Q5: Where is Taylor Hicks from?
A5: Alabama
Communication (Language and literature)

Theories of coregulation describe communication as a creative and dynamic continuous process, rather than a discrete exchange of information. Canadian media scholar Harold Innis had the theory that people use different types of media to communicate and which one they choose to use will offer different possibilities for the shape and durability of society (Wark, McKenzie 1997). His famous example of this is using ancient Egypt and looking at the ways they built themselves out of media with very different properties stone and papyrus. Papyrus is what he called 'Space Binding'. it made possible the transmission of written orders across space, empires and enables the waging of distant military campaigns and colonial administration. The other is stone and 'Time Binding', through the construction of temples and the pyramids can sustain their authority generation to generation, through this media they can change and shape communication in their society (Wark, McKenzie 1997).

Q1: What describes communication as creative and dynamic rather than discrete?
A1: Theories of coregulation
Q2: Who theorized that the types of media people use to communicate will offer different possibilities for the shape of society?
A2: Harold Innis
Q3: What ancient civilization did Harold Innis use as an example of his theory?
A3: Egypt
Q4: What did Harold Innis call papyrus?
A4: Space Binding
Q5: What did Space Binding make possible for the ancient Egyptian civilizations?
A5: transmission of written orders across space, empires
Mammal (Natural sciences)

Therapsids descended from pelycosaurs in the Middle Permian, about 265 million years ago, and became the dominant land vertebrates. They differ from basal eupelycosaurs in several features of the skull and jaws, including: larger temporal fenestrae and incisors which are equal in size. The therapsid lineage leading to mammals went through a series of stages, beginning with animals that were very like their pelycosaur ancestors and ending with probainognathian cynodonts, some of which could easily be mistaken for mammals. Those stages were characterized by:

Q1: From which dinosaur group did Therapsids descend from?
A1: pelycosaurs
Q2: Around what time did Therapsids become the dominant land animal?
A2: 265 million years ago
Q3: At which group did Therapsids end with?
A3: probainognathian cynodonts
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

Theravada ("Doctrine of the Elders", or "Ancient Doctrine") is the oldest surviving Buddhist school. It is relatively conservative, and generally closest to early Buddhism. The name Theravāda comes from the ancestral Sthāvirīya, one of the early Buddhist schools, from which the Theravadins claim descent. After unsuccessfully trying to modify the Vinaya, a small group of "elderly members", i.e. sthaviras, broke away from the majority Mahāsāṃghika during the Second Buddhist council, giving rise to the Sthavira sect. Sinhalese Buddhist reformers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries portrayed the Pali Canon as the original version of scripture. They also emphasized Theravada being rational and scientific.

Q1: What is the oldest surviving Buddhist school?
A1: Theravada
Q2: Where does the name theravada come from?
A2: ancestral Sthāvirīya
Q3: Sinhalese buddhist reformer portrayed what Canon as the original version of scripture?
A3: Pali Canon
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

Theravadin Buddhists believe that personal effort is required to realize rebirth. Monks follow the vinaya: meditating, teaching and serving their lay communities. Laypersons can perform good actions, producing merit.

Q1: What type of Buddhists believe that personal effort is required to realize rebirth?
A1: Theravadin
Q2: Laypersons can perform good actions, producing what?
A2: merit
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

Theravāda is primarily practiced today in Sri Lanka, Burma, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia as well as small portions of China, Vietnam, Malaysia and Bangladesh. It has a growing presence in the west.

Q1: Where is there a growing presence of Theravada?
A1: the west
Southampton (Geography and places)

There are 119,500 males within the city and 117,400 females. The 20–24 age range is the most populous, with an estimated 32,300 people falling in this age range. Next largest is the 25–29 range with 24,700 people and then 30–34 years with 17,800. By population, Southampton is the largest monocentric city in the South East England region and the second largest on the South Coast after Plymouth.

Q1: Are there more males or females in Southampton?
A1: males
Q2: What age range contains the most people from Southampton?
A2: 20–24
Q3: How many people between the ages of 30 and 34 live in Southampton?
A3: 17,800
Q4: How many women live in Southampton?
A4: 117,400
Q5: What's the only monocentric city on the South Coast larger than Southampton?
A5: Plymouth
Switzerland (Geography and places)

There are 12 universities in Switzerland, ten of which are maintained at cantonal level and usually offer a range of non-technical subjects. The first university in Switzerland was founded in 1460 in Basel (with a faculty of medicine) and has a tradition of chemical and medical research in Switzerland. The biggest university in Switzerland is the University of Zurich with nearly 25,000 students. The two institutes sponsored by the federal government are the ETHZ in Zürich (founded 1855) and the EPFL in Lausanne (founded 1969 as such, formerly an institute associated with the University of Lausanne) which both have an excellent international reputation.[note 10]

Q1: How many universities are in Switzerland?
A1: 12
Q2: How many of the 12 Swiss universities are maintained at the cantonal level?
A2: ten
Q3: When was the first university in Switzerland founded?
A3: 1460
Q4: What is the biggest university in Switzerland?
A4: University of Zurich
Q5: How many students attend the University of Zurich?
A5: nearly 25,000
Hyderabad (Geography and places)

There are 13 universities in Hyderabad: two private universities, two deemed universities, six state universities and three central universities. The central universities are the University of Hyderabad, Maulana Azad National Urdu University and the English and Foreign Languages University. Osmania University, established in 1918, was the first university in Hyderabad and as of 2012[update] is India's second most popular institution for international students. The Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Open University, established in 1982, is the first distance learning open university in India.

Q1: How many universities are in Hyderabad?
A1: 13
Q2: Of the universities in Hyderabad how many are state run?
A2: six
Q3: Maulana Azad National Urdu University is a type of university that represents what type of university?
A3: central universities
Q4: What year was Osmania University formed?
A4: 1918
Q5: In 1982 the first long distance university was opened in India, what is it's name?
A5: The Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Open University
Institute_of_technology (Engineering and technology)

There are 16 autonomous Indian Institutes of Technology in addition to 30 National Institutes of Technology which are Government Institutions. In addition to these there are many other Universities which offer higher technical courses. The Authority over technical education in India is the AICTE.

Q1: How many private institutes of technology are there in India?
A1: 16
Q2: How many government-affiliated institutes of technology are there in India?
A2: 30
Q3: What organization oversees India's technical education institutions?
A3: AICTE
Association_football (History)

There are 17 laws in the official Laws of the Game, each containing a collection of stipulation and guidelines. The same laws are designed to apply to all levels of football, although certain modifications for groups such as juniors, seniors, women and people with physical disabilities are permitted. The laws are often framed in broad terms, which allow flexibility in their application depending on the nature of the game. The Laws of the Game are published by FIFA, but are maintained by the International Football Association Board (IFAB). In addition to the seventeen laws, numerous IFAB decisions and other directives contribute to the regulation of football.

Q1: How many laws are there in the official Laws of the Game?
A1: 17
Q2: Who maintains the Laws of the Game?
A2: International Football Association Board (IFAB)
Q3: Broad terms in the laws allow for what?
A3: flexibility
Q4: Who publishes the Laws of the Game?
A4: FIFA
Institute_of_technology (Engineering and technology)

There are 17 universities of technology in Germany with about 290,000 students enrolled. The four states of Bremen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Saxony-Anhalt and Schleswig-Holstein are not operating a Technische Universität. Saxony and Lower Saxony have the highest counts of TUs, while in Saxony three out of four universities are universities of technology.

Q1: How many institutes of technology are there in Germany?
A1: 17
Q2: What's the approximate number of students in Germany who are enrolled in a university of technology?
A2: 290,000
Q3: Which German state has the highest ratio of universities of technology to standard universities?
A3: Saxony
Premier_League (Sports and recreation)

There are 20 clubs in the Premier League. During the course of a season (from August to May) each club plays the others twice (a double round-robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for a total of 38 games. Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, then goal difference, and then goals scored. If still equal, teams are deemed to occupy the same position. If there is a tie for the championship, for relegation, or for qualification to other competitions, a play-off match at a neutral venue decides rank. The three lowest placed teams are relegated into the Football League Championship, and the top two teams from the Championship, together with the winner of play-offs involving the third to sixth placed Championship clubs, are promoted in their place.

Q1: When does the Premier League have its playing season?
A1: During the course of a season (from August to May)
Q2: How many games does each club play each season?
A2: each club plays the others twice (a double round-robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for a total of 38 games.
Q3: How many points does each club receive for each win?
A3: Teams receive three points for a win
Q4: Which criteria is used to rank the clubs?
A4: Teams are ranked by total points, then goal difference, and then goals scored.
Q5: How is a tie for the championship handled?
A5: If there is a tie for the championship, for relegation, or for qualification to other competitions, a play-off match at a neutral venue decides rank.
Q6: How many clubs are currently in the Premier League?
A6: 20
Q7: Which month marks the start of a Premier League season?
A7: May
Q8: How many times does each club play every other club?
A8: twice
Q9: How many total games does each club in the Premier League play per season?
A9: 38
Copper (History)

There are 29 isotopes of copper. 63Cu and 65Cu are stable, with 63Cu comprising approximately 69% of naturally occurring copper; they both have a spin of 3⁄2. The other isotopes are radioactive, with the most stable being 67Cu with a half-life of 61.83 hours. Seven metastable isotopes have been characterized, with 68mCu the longest-lived with a half-life of 3.8 minutes. Isotopes with a mass number above 64 decay by β−, whereas those with a mass number below 64 decay by β+. 64Cu, which has a half-life of 12.7 hours, decays both ways.

Q1: How many isotopes are there of copper?
A1: 29
Q2: What are the two stable isotopes of cooper?
A2: 63Cu and 65Cu
Q3: Which isotope makes up about 69% of natural copper?
A3: 63Cu
Q4: What is the half life of the copper isotope 68mCu?
A4: 3.8 minutes
Q5: What is the half life of the copper isotope 67Cu?
A5: 61.83 hours
London (Geography and places)

There are 366 railway stations in the London Travelcard Zones on an extensive above-ground suburban railway network. South London, particularly, has a high concentration of railways as it has fewer Underground lines. Most rail lines terminate around the centre of London, running into eighteen terminal stations, with the exception of the Thameslink trains connecting Bedford in the north and Brighton in the south via Luton and Gatwick airports. London has Britain's busiest station by number of passengers – Waterloo, with over 184 million people using the interchange station complex (which includes Waterloo East station) each year. Clapham Junction is the busiest station in Europe by the number of trains passing.

Q1: What is Europe's busiest rail station in terms of train activity?
A1: Clapham Junction
Q2: How many railway stations are utilized by London's railway network?
A2: 366
Q3: Why does South London have such a high number of railways?
A3: it has fewer Underground lines.
Q4: What is Britain's busiest railway station in terms of passengers?
A4: Waterloo
Q5: How many travelers pass through Waterloo station yearly?
A5: over 184 million
Punjab,_Pakistan (Geography and places)

There are 48 departments in Punjab government. Each Department is headed by a Provincial Minister (Politician) and a Provincial Secretary (A civil servant of usually BPS-20 or BPS-21). All Ministers report to the Chief Minister, who is the Chief Executive. All Secretaries report to the Chief Secretary of Punjab, who is usually a BPS-22 Civil Servant. The Chief Secretary in turn reports to the Chief Minister. In addition to these departments, there are several Autonomous Bodies and Attached Departments that report directly to either the Secretaries or the Chief Secretary.

Q1: How many departments does the Punjab administration have?
A1: 48
Q2: Who heads each government department?
A2: a Provincial Minister (Politician) and a Provincial Secretary
Q3: Who do the Provincial Ministers report to?
A3: the Chief Minister
Q4: Who do the Provincial Secretaries report to?
A4: the Chief Secretary of Punjab
Q5: What rank is the Chief Secretary?
A5: usually a BPS-22 Civil Servant
Brain (Natural sciences)

There are a few types of existing bilaterians that lack a recognizable brain, including echinoderms, tunicates, and acoelomorphs (a group of primitive flatworms). It has not been definitively established whether the existence of these brainless species indicates that the earliest bilaterians lacked a brain, or whether their ancestors evolved in a way that led to the disappearance of a previously existing brain structure.

Q1: A name for a group of primitive flatworms is what?
A1: acoelomorphs
Q2: Some bilaterians without a brain are what?
A2: echinoderms, tunicates, and acoelomorphs
Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States (Social sciences and society)

There are a multitude of supporters as well as opponents to the policy of affirmative action. Many presidents throughout the last century have failed to take a very firm stance on the policy, and the public has had to discern the president's opinion for themselves. Bill Clinton, however, made his stance on affirmative action very clear in a speech on July 19, 1995, nearly two and a half years after his inauguration. In his speech, he discussed the history in the United States that brought the policy into fruition: slavery, Jim Crow, and segregation. Clinton also mentioned a point similar to President Lyndon B. Johnson's "Freedom is not Enough" speech, and declared that just outlawing discrimination in the country would not be enough to give everyone in America equality. He addressed the arguments that affirmative action hurt the white middle class and said that the policy was not the source of their problems. Clinton plainly outlined his stance on affirmative action, saying:

Q1: Which President made their stance on affirmative action clear in 1995?
A1: Bill Clinton
Q2: How long after his inauguration was Bill Clinton's speech?
A2: two and a half years
Q3: Which speech did Bill Clinton's speech draw parallels to?
A3: President Lyndon B. Johnson's "Freedom is not Enough"
Q4: What did President Clinton claim would not be enough to give everyone in American equality?
A4: just outlawing discrimination
Q5: What was President Clinton's response to the claim that affirmative action was hurting the white middle class.
A5: the policy was not the source of their problems
Airport (Engineering and technology)

There are a number of aids available to pilots, though not all airports are equipped with them. A visual approach slope indicator (VASI) helps pilots fly the approach for landing. Some airports are equipped with a VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) to help pilots find the direction to the airport. VORs are often accompanied by a distance measuring equipment (DME) to determine the distance to the VOR. VORs are also located off airports, where they serve to provide airways for aircraft to navigate upon. In poor weather, pilots will use an instrument landing system (ILS) to find the runway and fly the correct approach, even if they cannot see the ground. The number of instrument approaches based on the use of the Global Positioning System (GPS) is rapidly increasing and may eventually be the primary means for instrument landings.

Q1: What helps pilots fly the approach for landing?
A1: visual approach slope indicator
Q2: What does VASI stand for?
A2: visual approach slope indicator
Q3: What does VOR stand for?
A3: VHF omnidirectional range
Q4: What helps pilots find the direction to the airport?
A4: VHF omnidirectional range
Q5: What instruments do pilots use to find the runway and fly the correct approach, even if they cannot see the ground?
A5: instrument landing system
London (Geography and places)

There are a number of business schools in London, including the London School of Business and Finance, Cass Business School (part of City University London), Hult International Business School, ESCP Europe, European Business School London, Imperial College Business School and the London Business School. London is also home to many specialist arts education institutions, including the Academy of Live and Recorded Arts, Central School of Ballet, LAMDA, London College of Contemporary Arts (LCCA), London Contemporary Dance School, National Centre for Circus Arts, RADA, Rambert School of Ballet and Contemporary Dance, the Royal College of Art, the Royal College of Music and Trinity Laban.

Q1: City University London is related to what specialized business school?
A1: Cass Business School
Q2: The Royal College of Art and the Royal College of Music are examples of what type of schools?
A2: specialist arts education institutions
Planck_constant (Mathematics)

There are a number of proposals to redefine certain of the SI base units in terms of fundamental physical constants. This has already been done for the metre, which is defined in terms of a fixed value of the speed of light. The most urgent unit on the list for redefinition is the kilogram, whose value has been fixed for all science (since 1889) by the mass of a small cylinder of platinum–iridium alloy kept in a vault just outside Paris. While nobody knows if the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram has changed since 1889 – the value 1 kg of its mass expressed in kilograms is by definition unchanged and therein lies one of the problems – it is known that over such a timescale the many similar Pt–Ir alloy cylinders kept in national laboratories around the world, have changed their relative mass by several tens of parts per million, however carefully they are stored, and the more so the more they have been taken out and used as mass standards. A change of several tens of micrograms in one kilogram is equivalent to the current uncertainty in the value of the Planck constant in SI units.

Q1: What measurement is deemed most important to redefine in terms of physical constants?
A1: the kilogram
Q2: What is the shape of the object that establishes the base unit of the kilogram?
A2: cylinder
Q3: What alloy is the base unit of the kilogram made from?
A3: platinum–iridium
Q4: Where is the base unit for the kilogram kept?
A4: in a vault just outside Paris
Communications_in_Somalia (Engineering and technology)

There are a number of radio news agencies based in Somalia. Established during the colonial period, Radio Mogadishu initially broadcast news items in both Somali and Italian. The station was modernized with Russian assistance following independence in 1960, and began offering home service in Somali, Amharic and Oromo. After closing down operations in the early 1990s due to the civil war, the station was officially re-opened in the early 2000s by the Transitional National Government. In the late 2000s, Radio Mogadishu also launched a complementary website of the same name, with news items in Somali, Arabic and English.

Q1: When was Radio Mogadishu established?
A1: during the colonial period
Q2: What languages di Radio Mogadishu originally broadcast in?
A2: Somali and Italian
Q3: What countrys assistance helped Radio Mogadishu modernize?
A3: Russian assistance
Q4: What type of services were offered in Somali, Amharic, and Oromo?
A4: home service
Cork_(city) (History)

There are a variety of watersports in Cork, including rowing and sailing. There are five rowing clubs training on the river Lee, including Shandon BC, UCC RC, Pres RC, Lee RC, and Cork BC. Naomhóga Chorcaí is a rowing club whose members row traditional naomhóga on the Lee in occasional competitions. The "Ocean to City" race has been held annually since 2005, and attracts teams and boats from local and visiting clubs who row the 24 kilometres (15 mi) from Crosshaven into Cork city centre. The decision to move the National Rowing Center to Inniscarra has boosted numbers involved in the sport.[citation needed] Cork's maritime sailing heritage is maintained through its sailing clubs. The Royal Cork Yacht Club located in Crosshaven (outside the city) is the world's oldest yacht club, and "Cork Week" is a notable sailing event.

Q1: What kinds of sea faring sports are available in Cork?
A1: rowing and sailing
Q2: How many rowing clubs are in Cork?
A2: five
Q3: Where is the world's oldest yahct club?
A3: The Royal Cork Yacht Club located in Crosshaven
Q4: What is one of the more popular sailing events in Cork?
A4: Cork Week
Q5: What annual rowing event has been happening in Cork since 2005?
A5: Ocean to City