LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Eritrea (Natural sciences)

Eritrea is a multilingual country. The nation has no official language, as the Constitution establishes the "equality of all Eritrean languages". However, Tigrinya serves as the de facto language of national identity. With 2,540,000 total speakers of a population of 5,254,000 in 2006, Tigrinya is the most widely spoken language, particularly in the southern and central parts of Eritrea. Modern Standard Arabic and English serve as de facto working languages, with the latter used in university education and many technical fields. Italian, the former colonial language, is widely used in commerce and is taught as a second language in schools, with a few elderly monolinguals.

Q1: What is the official language of Eritrea?
A1: The nation has no official language
Q2: What does the Constitution establish of all Eritrean languages?
A2: equality
Q3: What was the most widely spoken language in Eritrea in 2006?
A3: Tigrinya
Q4: What languages serve as de facto working languages in Eritrea?
A4: Modern Standard Arabic and English
Q5: What language is used in Eritrean university education and many technical fields?
A5: English
Eritrea (Natural sciences)

Eritrea is a one-party state in which national legislative elections have been repeatedly postponed. According to Human Rights Watch, the government's human rights record is considered among the worst in the world. Most Western countries have accused the Eritrean authorities of arbitrary arrest and detentions, and of detaining an unknown number of people without charge for their political activism. However, the Eritrean government has continually dismissed the accusations as politically motivated. In June 2015, a 500-page United Nations Human Rights Council report accused Eritrea's government of extrajudicial executions, torture, indefinitely prolonged national service and forced labour, and indicated that sexual harassment, rape and sexual servitude by state officials are also widespread.

Q1: According to Human Rights Watch, how do the human rights in Eritrea compare to the rest of the world?
A1: among the worst
Q2: According to a 500-page UN Human Rights Council report, what was widespread behavior by state officials in Eritrea?
A2: sexual harassment, rape and sexual servitude
Q3: What type of state government exists in Eritrea?
A3: a one-party state
Q4: According to many western countries, why have Eritrean authorities detained an unknown number of people?
A4: for their political activism
Q5: In what year was the United Nations Human Rights Council report written?
A5: 2015
Eritrea (Natural sciences)

Eritrea's ethnic groups each have their own styles of music and accompanying dances. Amongst the Tigrinya, the best known traditional musical genre is the guaila. Traditional instruments of Eritrean folk music include the stringed krar, kebero, begena, masenqo and the wata (a distant/rudimentary cousin of the violin). The most popular Eritrean artist is the Tigrinya singer Helen Meles, who is noted for her powerful voice and wide singing range. Other prominent local musicians include the Kunama singer Dehab Faytinga, Ruth Abraha, Bereket Mengisteab, Yemane Baria, and the late Abraham Afewerki.

Q1: What is the best know musical genre amongst the Tigrinya?
A1: guaila
Q2: What is the Eritrean traditional instrument, the wata?
A2: a distant/rudimentary cousin of the violin
Q3: Who is the most popular Eritrean singing artist?
A3: Helen Meles
Q4: What is Helen Meles noted for?
A4: her powerful voice and wide singing range
Q5: Who, in Eritrea, have their own styles of music and  accompanying dance?
A5: ethnic groups
Computer (Engineering and technology)

Errors in computer programs are called "bugs". They may be benign and not affect the usefulness of the program, or have only subtle effects. But in some cases, they may cause the program or the entire system to "hang", becoming unresponsive to input such as mouse clicks or keystrokes, to completely fail, or to crash. Otherwise benign bugs may sometimes be harnessed for malicious intent by an unscrupulous user writing an exploit, code designed to take advantage of a bug and disrupt a computer's proper execution. Bugs are usually not the fault of the computer. Since computers merely execute the instructions they are given, bugs are nearly always the result of programmer error or an oversight made in the program's design.

Q1: Another name for errors in programs are called what?
A1: "bugs
Q2: Bugs are usually the fault of whom or what?
A2: programmer error or an oversight made in the program's design
Ottoman_Empire (History)

Ertuğrul, the father of Osman I (founder of the Ottoman Empire), arrived in Anatolia from Merv (Turkmenistan) with 400 horsemen to aid the Seljuks of Rum against the Byzantines. After the demise of the Turkish Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in the 14th century, Anatolia was divided into a patchwork of independent, mostly Turkish states, the so-called Ghazi emirates. One of the emirates was led by Osman I (1258–1326), from whom the name Ottoman is derived. Osman I extended the frontiers of Turkish settlement toward the edge of the Byzantine Empire. It is not well understood how the early Ottomans came to dominate their neighbours, as the history of medieval Anatolia is still little known.

Q1: Who was the father of Osman I?
A1: Ertuğrul
Q2: How many horsemen did Osman I's father bring to aid the Seljuks of Rum?
A2: 400 horsemen
Q3: When did the Turkish Seljuk Sultanate of Rum reach its demise?
A3: 14th century
Q4: What did the divided Anatolia end up being referred to as?
A4: Ghazi emirates
Q5: To the edge of what empire did Osman I push Turkish settlements?
A5: Byzantine Empire
Quran (Philosophy and religion)

Esoteric or Sufi interpretation attempts to unveil the inner meanings of the Quran. Sufism moves beyond the apparent (zahir) point of the verses and instead relates Quranic verses to the inner or esoteric (batin) and metaphysical dimensions of consciousness and existence. According to Sands, esoteric interpretations are more suggestive than declarative, they are allusions (isharat) rather than explanations (tafsir). They indicate possibilities as much as they demonstrate the insights of each writer.

Q1: What is another term for Sufi Quranic interpretation?
A1: Esoteric
Q2: What Arabic word describes the aspects of Quranic verses that Sufism tries to push beyond?
A2: zahir
Q3: Sands says Sufi interpretations tend to use which literary device rather than direct explanation?
A3: allusions
Q4: What is an Arabic term for allusions?
A4: isharat
Gene (Natural sciences)

Essential genes are the set of genes thought to be critical for an organism's survival. This definition assumes the abundant availability of all relevant nutrients and the absence of environmental stress. Only a small portion of an organism's genes are essential. In bacteria, an estimated 250–400 genes are essential for Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, which is less than 10% of their genes. Half of these genes are orthologs in both organisms and are largely involved in protein synthesis. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae the number of essential genes is slightly higher, at 1000 genes (~20% of their genes). Although the number is more difficult to measure in higher eukaryotes, mice and humans are estimated to have around 2000 essential genes (~10% of their genes).

Q1: What are the set of genes which are thought to be crucial for the survival of an organism?
A1: Essential genes
Q2: What does the definition of essential genes assume an absence of?
A2: environmental stress
Q3: How many genes are essential for Escherichia coli?
A3: 250–400
Q4: What fraction of Escherichia coli's essential genes are orthologs?
A4: Half
Q5: How many essential genes does Saccharomyces cerevisiae have?
A5: 1000 genes
Hard_rock (Music)

Established acts benefited from the new commercial climate, with Whitesnake's self-titled album (1987) selling over 17 million copies, outperforming anything in Coverdale's or Deep Purple's catalogue before or since. It featured the rock anthem "Here I Go Again '87" as one of 4 UK top 20 singles. The follow-up Slip of the Tongue (1989) went platinum, but according to critics Steve Erlwine and Greg Prato, "it was a considerable disappointment after the across-the-board success of Whitesnake". Aerosmith's comeback album Permanent Vacation (1987) would begin a decade long revival of their popularity. Crazy Nights (1987) by Kiss was the band's highest charting release in the US since 1979 and the highest of their career in the UK. Mötley Crüe with Girls, Girls, Girls (1987) continued their commercial success and Def Leppard with Hysteria (1987) hit their commercial peak, the latter producing seven hit singles (a record for a hard rock act). Guns N' Roses released the best-selling début of all time, Appetite for Destruction (1987). With a "grittier" and "rawer" sound than most glam metal, it produced three top 10 hits, including the number one "Sweet Child O' Mine". Some of the glam rock bands that formed in the mid-1980s, such as White Lion and Cinderella experienced their biggest success during this period with their respective albums Pride (1987) and Long Cold Winter (1988) both going multi-platinum and launching a series of hit singles. In the last years of the decade, the most notable successes were New Jersey (1988) by Bon Jovi, OU812 (1988) by Van Halen, Open Up and Say... Ahh! (1988) by Poison, Pump (1989) by Aerosmith, and Mötley Crüe's most commercially successful album Dr. Feelgood (1989). New Jersey spawned five Top 10 singles, a record for a hard rock act. In 1988 from 25 June to 5 November, the number one spot on the Billboard 200 album chart was held by a hard rock album for 18 out of 20 consecutive weeks; the albums were OU812, Hysteria, Appetite for Destruction, and New Jersey. A final wave of glam rock bands arrived in the late 1980s, and experienced success with multi-platinum albums and hit singles from 1989 until the early 1990s, among them Extreme, Warrant Slaughter and FireHouse. Skid Row also released their eponymous début (1989), reaching number six on the Billboard 200, but they were to be one of the last major bands that emerged in the glam rock era.

Q1: How many copies did Whitesnake's 1987 self title album sell?
A1: 17 million
Q2: What was the title of Aerosmith's 1987 comeback album?
A2: Permanent Vacation
Q3: Def Leppard's album Hysteria churned out how many hit singles?
A3: seven
Q4: What Guns N Roses album was the second best selling debut of all time?
A4: Appetite for Destruction
Q5: What Guns N Roses song became a number one single?
A5: "Sweet Child O' Mine"
Hard_rock (Music)

Established bands made something of a comeback in the mid-1980s. After an 8-year separation, Deep Purple returned with the classic Machine Head line-up to produce Perfect Strangers (1984), which reached number five in the UK, hit the top five in five other countries, and was a platinum-seller in the US. After somewhat slower sales of its fourth album, Fair Warning, Van Halen rebounded with the Top 3 album Diver Down in 1982, then reached their commercial pinnacle with 1984. It reached number two on the Billboard album chart and provided the track "Jump", which reached number one on the singles chart and remained there for several weeks. Heart, after floundering during the first half of the decade, made a comeback with their eponymous ninth studio album which hit number one and contained four Top 10 singles including their first number one hit. The new medium of video channels was used with considerable success by bands formed in previous decades. Among the first were ZZ Top, who mixed hard blues rock with new wave music to produce a series of highly successful singles, beginning with "Gimme All Your Lovin'" (1983), which helped their albums Eliminator (1983) and Afterburner (1985) achieve diamond and multi-platinum status respectively. Others found renewed success in the singles charts with power ballads, including REO Speedwagon with "Keep on Loving You" (1980) and "Can't Fight This Feeling" (1984), Journey with "Don't Stop Believin'" (1981) and "Open Arms" (1982), Foreigner's "I Want to Know What Love Is", Scorpions' "Still Loving You" (both from 1984), Heart’s "What About Love" (1985) and "These Dreams" (1986), and Boston's "Amanda" (1986).

Q1: What was the title of Deep Purple's 1980s reunion album?
A1: Perfect Strangers
Q2: What album was Van Halen's commercial high point?
A2: 1984
Q3: In what year did ZZ Top release Eliminator?
A3: 1983
Q4: What band recorded "Keep On Loving You"?
A4: REO Speedwagon
Q5: The hit single "Amanda" was recorded by what band?
A5: Boston
Hyderabad (Geography and places)

Established in 1591 by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, Hyderabad remained under the rule of the Qutb Shahi dynasty for nearly a century before the Mughals captured the region. In 1724, Mughal viceroy Asif Jah I declared his sovereignty and created his own dynasty, known as the Nizams of Hyderabad. The Nizam's dominions became a princely state during the British Raj, and remained so for 150 years, with the city serving as its capital. The Nizami influence can still be seen in the culture of the Hyderabadi Muslims. The city continued as the capital of Hyderabad State after it was brought into the Indian Union in 1948, and became the capital of Andhra Pradesh after the States Reorganisation Act, 1956. Since 1956, Rashtrapati Nilayam in the city has been the winter office of the President of India. In 2014, the newly formed state of Telangana split from Andhra Pradesh and the city became joint capital of the two states, a transitional arrangement scheduled to end by 2025.

Q1: In what year was Hyderabad established?
A1: Established in 1591
Q2: Who is the person that established Hyderabad?
A2: Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah
Q3: What dynasty controlled Hyderabad until the early 18th century?
A3: the Qutb Shahi dynasty
Q4: Which Mughal viceroy created a dynasty in early 18th century Hyderabad?
A4: Mughal viceroy Asif Jah I declared his sovereignty and created his own dynasty
Q5: Which dynasty did Asif Jah I create?
A5: Nizams of Hyderabad
Sichuan (History)

Established in 1988, Chengdu Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone (Chinese: 成都高新技术产业开发区; pinyin: Chéngdū Gāoxīn Jìshù Chǎnyè Kāifā Qū) was approved as one of the first national hi-tech development zones in 1991. In 2000, it was open to APEC and has been recognized as a national advanced hi-tech development zone in successive assessment activities held by China's Ministry of Science and Technology. It ranks 5th among the 53 national hi-tech development zones in China in terms of comprehensive strength.

Q1: When was the Chengdu Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone established?
A1: 1988
Q2: When was the Chengdu Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone approved?
A2: 1991
Q3: The Chengdu Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone is what rank of 53 in China terms of comprehensive strength?
A3: 5th
Montevideo (Geography and places)

Estadio Centenario, the national football stadium in Parque Batlle, was opened in 1930 for the first World Cup, as well as to commemorate the centennial of Uruguay's first constitution. In this World Cup, Uruguay won the title game against Argentina by 4 goals to 2. The stadium has 70,000 seats. It is listed by FIFA as one of the football world's classic stadiums, along with Maracanã, Wembley Stadium, San Siro, Estadio Azteca, and Santiago Bernabéu Stadium. A museum located within the football stadium has exhibits of memorabilia from Uruguay's 1930 and 1950 World Cup championships. Museum tickets give access to the stadium, stands, locker rooms and playing field.

Q1: What is the national football stadium in Parque Batlle?
A1: Estadio Centenario
Q2: When was Estadio Centenario opened? 
A2: 1930
Q3: How many seats does the Estadio Centenario have? 
A3: 70,000
Sexual_orientation (Natural sciences)

Estimates for the percentage of the population that are bisexual vary widely, at least in part due to differing definitions of bisexuality. Some studies only consider a person bisexual if they are nearly equally attracted to both sexes, and others consider a person bisexual if they are at all attracted to the same sex (for otherwise mostly heterosexual persons) or to the opposite sex (for otherwise mostly homosexual persons). A small percentage of people are not sexually attracted to anyone (asexuality). A study in 2004 placed the prevalence of asexuality at 1%.

Q1: What is part of the reason for the varying estimates of the bisexual population?
A1: due to differing definitions of bisexuality.
Q2: What is one way a study can view bisexuality?
A2: if they are nearly equally attracted to both sexes,
Q3: What is another way studies can view bisexuality?
A3: they are at all attracted to the same sex (for otherwise mostly heterosexual persons) or to the opposite sex (for otherwise mostly homosexual persons)
Q4: What is the percentage of asexuals?
A4: 1%.
Greece (Geography and places)

Estimates of the recognized Greek Muslim minority, which is mostly located in Thrace, range from 98,000 to 140,000, (about 1%) while the immigrant Muslim community numbers between 200,000 and 300,000. Albanian immigrants to Greece are usually associated with the Muslim religion, although most are secular in orientation. Following the 1919–1922 Greco-Turkish War and the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne, Greece and Turkey agreed to a population transfer based on cultural and religious identity. About 500,000 Muslims from Greece, predominantly those defined as Turks, but also Greek Muslims like the Vallahades of western Macedonia, were exchanged with approximately 1,500,000 Greeks from Turkey. However, many refugees who settled in former Ottoman Muslim villages in Central Macedonia and were defined as Christian Orthodox Caucasus Greeks arrived from the former Russian Transcaucasus province of Kars Oblast after it had been retroceded to Turkey but in the few years before the official population exchange.

Q1: What is the religious minority in Greece?
A1: Muslim
Q2: The Muslim minority is mostly located in what city?
A2: Thrace
Q3: Immigrants from Albania are usually what religion?
A3: Muslim
Q4: Greek Muslims were in a population exchange with what country?
A4: Turkey
Estonia (Geography and places)

Estonia (i/ɛˈstoʊniə/; Estonian: Eesti [ˈeːsti]), officially the Republic of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Vabariik), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia (343 km), and to the east by Lake Peipus and Russia (338.6 km). Across the Baltic Sea lies Sweden in the west and Finland in the north. The territory of Estonia consists of a mainland and 2,222 islands and islets in the Baltic Sea, covering 45,339 km2 (17,505 sq mi) of land, and is influenced by a humid continental climate.

Q1: What is the official name for Estonia?
A1: the Republic of Estonia
Q2: Where is Estonia located in Northern Europe?
A2: the Baltic region
Q3: What borders the north of Estonia?
A3: the Gulf of Finland
Q4: What body of water borders Estonia on the west?
A4: the Baltic Sea
Q5: What country borders south Estonia?
A5: Latvia
Estonia (Geography and places)

Estonia co-operates with Latvia and Lithuania in several trilateral Baltic defence co-operation initiatives, including Baltic Battalion (BALTBAT), Baltic Naval Squadron (BALTRON), Baltic Air Surveillance Network (BALTNET) and joint military educational institutions such as the Baltic Defence College in Tartu. Future co-operation will include sharing of national infrastructures for training purposes and specialisation of training areas (BALTTRAIN) and collective formation of battalion-sized contingents for use in the NATO rapid-response force. In January 2011 the Baltic states were invited to join NORDEFCO, the defence framework of the Nordic countries.

Q1: Which countries aid Estonia in trilateral defense strategies?
A1: Latvia and Lithuania
Q2: What joint military educational academy does Estonia share with Baltic Countries?
A2: the Baltic Defence College
Q3: Where is the Baltic Defence College located?
A3: Tartu
Q4: When were the Baltic states asked to join NORDEFCO?
A4: January 2011
Estonia (Geography and places)

Estonia has had a market economy since the end of the 1990s and one of the highest per capita income levels in Eastern Europe. Proximity to the Scandinavian markets, its location between the East and West, competitive cost structure and a highly skilled labour force have been the major Estonian comparative advantages in the beginning of the 2000s (decade). As the largest city, Tallinn has emerged as a financial centre and the Tallinn Stock Exchange joined recently with the OMX system. The current government has pursued tight fiscal policies, resulting in balanced budgets and low public debt.

Q1: In what region does Estonia hold one of the highest per capita income levels?
A1: Eastern
Q2: Being close to what commercial area gives Estonia a competitive advantage?
A2: Scandinavian markets
Q3: What is a major trait of the Estonian employed workers?
A3: highly skilled
Q4: What is the largest city in Estonia?
A4: Tallinn
Estonia (Geography and places)

Estonia has pursued the development of the e-state and e-government. Internet voting is used in elections in Estonia. The first internet voting took place in the 2005 local elections and the first in a parliamentary election was made available for the 2007 elections, in which 30,275 individuals voted over the internet. Voters have a chance to invalidate their electronic vote in traditional elections, if they wish to. In 2009 in its eighth Worldwide Press Freedom Index, Reporters Without Borders ranked Estonia sixth out of 175 countries. In the first ever State of World Liberty Index report, Estonia was ranked first out of 159 countries.

Q1: What digital technology as Estonia been advacning?
A1: Internet voting
Q2: What year did the first internet vote occur in local Estonia elections?
A2: 2005
Q3: What year did the first internet vote occur in Estonia parliamentary elections?
A3: 2007
Q4: In 2007, how many Estonians used internet voting?
A4: 30,275
Estonia (Geography and places)

Estonia is a dependent country in the terms of energy and energy production. In recent years many local and foreign companies have been investing in renewable energy sources.[citation needed] The importance of wind power has been increasing steadily in Estonia and currently the total amount of energy production from wind is nearly 60 MW while at the same time roughly 399 MW worth of projects are currently being developed and more than 2800 MW worth of projects are being proposed in the Lake Peipus area and the coastal areas of Hiiumaa.

Q1: What lacking resource does Estonia depend on other countries for?
A1: energy
Q2: What type of energy production as many companies been investing in recent years?
A2: renewable energy sources
Q3: What energy source has been increasing in Estonia?
A3: wind power
Q4: What is total amount of energy production from wind power?
A4: nearly 60 MW
Estonia (Geography and places)

Estonia is a parliamentary representative democratic republic in which the Prime Minister of Estonia is the head of government and which includes a multi-party system. The political culture is stable in Estonia, where power is held between two and three parties that have been in politics for a long time. This situation is similar to other countries in Northern Europe. The former Prime Minister of Estonia, Andrus Ansip, is also Europe's longest-serving Prime Minister (from 2005 until 2014). The current Estonian Prime Minister is Taavi Rõivas, who is the former Minister of Social Affairs and the head of the Estonian Reform Party.

Q1: Who is the leader of Estonia's government?
A1: the Prime Minister of Estonia
Q2: What political structure aids the Prime Minister?
A2: a multi-party system
Q3: The political scene of Estonia is similar to other countries in what continent?
A3: Northern Europe
Q4: Who is Europe's longest serving Prime Minister?
A4: Andrus Ansip