LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Serbo-Croatian (Language and literature)

Like other South Slavic languages, Serbo-Croatian has a simple phonology, with the common five-vowel system and twenty-five consonants. Its grammar evolved from Common Slavic, with complex inflection, preserving seven grammatical cases in nouns, pronouns, and adjectives. Verbs exhibit imperfective or perfective aspect, with a moderately complex tense system. Serbo-Croatian is a pro-drop language with flexible word order, subject–verb–object being the default. It can be written in Serbian Cyrillic or Gaj's Latin alphabet, whose thirty letters mutually map one-to-one, and the orthography is highly phonemic in all standards.

Q1: How many vowels does the Serbo-Croatian language have?
A1: five
Q2: How many consonants does the Serbo-Croatian language have?
A2: twenty-five
Q3: From where does Serbo-Croatian derive its grammar?
A3: Common Slavic
Q4: Which alphabets can be used to express the Serbo-Croatian language?
A4: Serbian Cyrillic or Gaj's Latin
Green (Language and literature)

Like other common colors, green has several completely opposite associations. While it is the color most associated by Europeans and Americans with good health, it is also the color most often associated with toxicity and poison. There was a solid foundation for this association; in the nineteenth century several popular paints and pigments, notably verdigris, vert de Schweinfurt and vert de Paris, were highly toxic, containing copper or arsenic.[d] The intoxicating drink absinthe was known as "the green fairy".

Q1: What was absinthe known as?
A1: the green fairy
Q2: Why were popular paints and pigments in the nineteenth century highly toxic?
A2: copper or arsenic
Q3: What color is most associated with toxicity and poison?
A3: green
IPod (Engineering and technology)

Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now discontinued).

Q1: In addition to playing music, what other function can the iPod perform?
A1: data storage
Q2: What is the smallest data capacity for an iPod product?
A2: 2 GB
Q3: What is the largest data capacity for an iPod product?
A3: 128 GB
Q4: Which iPod product features the smallest data storage capacity?
A4: iPod Shuffle
Q5: Which current iPod product features the largest data storage capacity?
A5: iPod Touch
Q6: What's the storage capacity of the iPod Shuffle?
A6: 2 GB
Q7: What's the storage capacity for the iPod Touch?
A7: 128 GB
Political_corruption (Social sciences and society)

Like other governmental economic activities, also privatization, such as in the sale of government-owned property, is particularly at the risk of cronyism. Privatizations in Russia, Latin America, and East Germany were accompanied by large-scale corruption during the sale of the state owned companies. Those with political connections unfairly gained large wealth, which has discredited privatization in these regions. While media have reported widely the grand corruption that accompanied the sales, studies have argued that in addition to increased operating efficiency, daily petty corruption is, or would be, larger without privatization, and that corruption is more prevalent in non-privatized sectors. Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that extralegal and unofficial activities are more prevalent in countries that privatized less.

Q1: Selling government property is highly at risk for what?
A1: cronyism
Q2: What type of people got wealthy from the sale of state-owned companies?
A2: Those with political connections
Q3: Where is corruption even more prevalent?
A3: non-privatized sectors
Q4: Countries that what have more extralegal and unofficial things going on?
A4: privatized less
Old_English (Language and literature)

Like other historical languages, Old English has been used by scholars and enthusiasts of later periods to create texts either imitating Anglo-Saxon literature or deliberately transferring it to a different cultural context. Examples include Alistair Campbell and J. R. R. Tolkien. A number of websites devoted to Neo-Paganism and Historical re-enactment offer reference material and forums promoting the active use of Old English. By far the most ambitious project[peacock term] is the Old English Wikipedia, but most of the Neo-Old English texts published online bear little resemblance to the historical model and are riddled with very basic grammatical mistakes.

Q1: What modern religion sometimes uses Old English?
A1: Neo-Paganism
Q2: What hobby champions the use of Old English?
A2: Historical re-enactment
Q3: Along with Tolkien, what modern scholar notably made use of Old English?
A3: Alistair Campbell
Q4: What Wikipedia project makes use of the Old English language?
A4: the Old English Wikipedia
Q5: What is a term for modern texts written in Old English?
A5: Neo-Old English
Catalan_language (Language and literature)

Like other languages, Catalan has a large list of learned words from Greek and Latin. This process started very early, and one can find such examples in Ramon Llull's work. On the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries Catalan had a number of Greco-Latin learned words much superior to other Romance languages, as it can be attested for example in Roís de Corella's writings.

Q1: Where does Catalan get a lot of its learned words?
A1: Greek and Latin
Q2: When did the process of acquiring words from Latin and Greek begin?
A2: very early
Q3: In whose work can you find examples of acquired words?
A3: Ramon Llull
Q4: When did Catalan have a greater number of Greco-Latin words than other Romance languages?
A4: fourteenth and fifteenth centuries
Q5: Whose writings are a good example of learned words in Catalan?
A5: Roís de Corella
The_Bronx (Geography and places)

Like other neighborhoods in New York City, the South Bronx has no official boundaries. The name has been used to represent poverty in the Bronx and applied to progressively more northern places so that by the 2000s Fordham Road was often used as a northern limit. The Bronx River more consistently forms an eastern boundary. The South Bronx has many high-density apartment buildings, low income public housing complexes, and multi-unit homes. The South Bronx is home to the Bronx County Courthouse, Borough Hall, and other government buildings, as well as Yankee Stadium. The Cross Bronx Expressway bisects it, east to west. The South Bronx has some of the poorest neighborhoods in the country, as well as very high crime areas.

Q1: Why has the supposed size of the 'South Bronx' grown?
A1: The name has been used to represent poverty in the Bronx and applied to progressively more northern places
Q2: When was Fordham Road being used as the limit of the South Bronx area?
A2: by the 2000s
Q3: Which river is the eastern edge of the South Bronx?
A3: The Bronx River
Q4: Which stadium is in the South Bronx?
A4: Yankee Stadium
Q5: Which direction does the Cross Bronx Expressway run through the South Bronx?
A5: east to west
Armenia (History)

Like other newly independent states of the former Soviet Union, Armenia's economy suffers from the breakdown of former Soviet trading patterns. Soviet investment in and support of Armenian industry has virtually disappeared, so that few major enterprises are still able to function. In addition, the effects of the 1988 Spitak earthquake, which killed more than 25,000 people and made 500,000 homeless, are still being felt. The conflict with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh has not been resolved. The closure of Azerbaijani and Turkish borders has devastated the economy, because Armenia depends on outside supplies of energy and most raw materials. Land routes through Georgia and Iran are inadequate or unreliable. The GDP fell nearly 60% between 1989 and 1993, but then resumed robust growth. The national currency, the dram, suffered hyperinflation for the first years after its introduction in 1993.

Q1: How many people died because of the Spitak earthquake?
A1: more than 25,000
Q2: When was the Spitak earthquake?
A2: 1988
Q3: How much did the Armenian GDP decrease from 1989-1993
A3: 60%
Q4: What is the national currency of Armenia?
A4: the dram
History_of_India (History)

Like other settled, agrarian societies in history, those in the Indian subcontinent have been attacked by nomadic tribes throughout its long history. In evaluating the impact of Islam on the sub-continent, one must note that the northwestern sub-continent was a frequent target of tribes raiding from Central Asia. In that sense, the Muslim intrusions and later Muslim invasions were not dissimilar to those of the earlier invasions during the 1st millennium. What does however, make the Muslim intrusions and later Muslim invasions different is that unlike the preceding invaders who assimilated into the prevalent social system, the successful Muslim conquerors retained their Islamic identity and created new legal and administrative systems that challenged and usually in many cases superseded the existing systems of social conduct and ethics, even influencing the non-Muslim rivals and common masses to a large extent, though non-Muslim population was left to their own laws and customs. They also introduced new cultural codes that in some ways were very different from the existing cultural codes. This led to the rise of a new Indian culture which was mixed in nature, though different from both the ancient Indian culture and later westernized modern Indian culture. At the same time it must be noted that overwhelming majority of Muslims in India are Indian natives converted to Islam. This factor also played an important role in the synthesis of cultures.

Q1: From where did raiders come to attack the agrarian Indians?
A1: Central Asia
Q2: After a history of raiding groups, what is not remarkable in the history of the subcontinent?
A2: Muslim intrusions
Q3: Before the Muslim invasions, what did previous invaders do in the local cultures?
A3: assimilated
Q4: What did the Muslim invaders staunchly keep after invading?
A4: Islamic identity
Q5: What type of new Indian culture was formed from this mixture of cultures?
A5: mixed
Myanmar (Geography and places)

Like the Pagan Empire, Ava, Hanthawaddy and the Shan states were all multi-ethnic polities. Despite the wars, cultural synchronisation continued. This period is considered a golden age for Burmese culture. Burmese literature "grew more confident, popular, and stylistically diverse", and the second generation of Burmese law codes as well as the earliest pan-Burma chronicles emerged. Hanthawaddy monarchs introduced religious reforms that later spread to the rest of the country. Many splendid temples of Mrauk U were built during this period.

Q1: Was there more than one racial class in the organized societies of the states of Myanmar?
A1: states were all multi-ethnic polities
Q2: During what age did the culture of Myanmar grow?
A2: This period is considered a golden age
Q3: Who increased the spread of religious reforms in Myanmar?
A3: Hanthawaddy monarchs
Q4: Who is the monarch that has some of the most impressive built in their honor in the Myanmar
A4: Mrauk U
Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives (History)

Like the Speaker of the House, the Minority Leaders are typically experienced lawmakers when they win election to this position. When Nancy Pelosi, D-CA, became Minority Leader in the 108th Congress, she had served in the House nearly 20 years and had served as minority whip in the 107th Congress. When her predecessor, Richard Gephardt, D-MO, became minority leader in the 104th House, he had been in the House for almost 20 years, had served as chairman of the Democratic Caucus for four years, had been a 1988 presidential candidate, and had been majority leader from June 1989 until Republicans captured control of the House in the November 1994 elections. Gephardt's predecessor in the minority leadership position was Robert Michel, R-IL, who became GOP Leader in 1981 after spending 24 years in the House. Michel's predecessor, Republican John Rhodes of Arizona, was elected Minority Leader in 1973 after 20 years of House service.

Q1: Are minority leaders usually experienced?
A1: Minority Leaders are typically experienced lawmakers when they win election to this position
Q2: In what congress did Nancy Pelosi bdcome minority leader?
A2: 108th Congress
Q3: How long had Richard Gephart served in house prior to being elected to minority leader?
A3: 20 years
Q4: When was Robert Michel elected minority leader?
A4: 1981
Q5: John Rhodes served as minority leader beginning in what year?
A5: 1973
Bird (Natural sciences)

Like the reptiles, birds are primarily uricotelic, that is, their kidneys extract nitrogenous waste from their bloodstream and excrete it as uric acid instead of urea or ammonia through the ureters into the intestine. Birds do not have a urinary bladder or external urethral opening and (with exception of the ostrich) uric acid is excreted along with feces as a semisolid waste. However, birds such as hummingbirds can be facultatively ammonotelic, excreting most of the nitrogenous wastes as ammonia. They also excrete creatine, rather than creatinine like mammals. This material, as well as the output of the intestines, emerges from the bird's cloaca. The cloaca is a multi-purpose opening: waste is expelled through it, most birds mate by joining cloaca, and females lay eggs from it. In addition, many species of birds regurgitate pellets. Males within Palaeognathae (with the exception of the kiwis), the Anseriformes (with the exception of screamers), and in rudimentary forms in Galliformes (but fully developed in Cracidae) possess a penis, which is never present in Neoaves. The length is thought to be related to sperm competition. When not copulating, it is hidden within the proctodeum compartment within the cloaca, just inside the vent. The digestive system of birds is unique, with a crop for storage and a gizzard that contains swallowed stones for grinding food to compensate for the lack of teeth. Most birds are highly adapted for rapid digestion to aid with flight. Some migratory birds have adapted to use protein from many parts of their bodies, including protein from the intestines, as additional energy during migration.

Q1: What is it called when a bird's kidneys extract nitrogenous waste from their bloodstream and secrete it as uric acid?
A1: uricotelic
Q2: Which bid has a urinary bladder or external urethral opening?
A2: ostrich
Q3: What is a multi-purpose opening on birds?
A3: cloaca
Q4: How do most birds mate?
A4: by joining cloaca
Q5: What aids birds with flight?
A5: rapid digestion
Paris (Geography and places)

Like the rest of France, Paris has been predominantly Roman Catholic since the early Middle Ages, though religious attendance is now low. A majority of Parisians are still nominally Roman Catholic. According to 2011 statistics, there are 106 parishes and curates in the city, plus separate parishes for Spanish, Polish and Portuguese Catholics. There are an additional 10 Eastern Orthodox parishes, and bishops for the Armenian and Ukrainian Orthodox Churches. In addition there are eighty male religious orders and 140 female religious orders in the city, as well as 110 Catholic schools with 75,000 students.

Q1: What is the most predominant religion in France?
A1: Roman Catholic
Q2: How many parishes and curates were there in 2011?
A2: 106
Q3: How many catholic schools are in Paris?
A3: 110
Q4: How many students attend catholic schools?
A4: 75,000
Hyderabad (Geography and places)

Like the rest of India, Hyderabad has a large informal economy that employs 30% of the labour force.:71 According to a survey published in 2007, it had 40–50,000 street vendors, and their numbers were increasing.:9 Among the street vendors, 84% are male and 16% female,:12 and four fifths are "stationary vendors" operating from a fixed pitch, often with their own stall.:15–16 Most are financed through personal savings; only 8% borrow from moneylenders.:19 Vendor earnings vary from ₹50 (74¢ US) to ₹800 (US$12) per day.:25 Other unorganised economic sectors include dairy, poultry farming, brick manufacturing, casual labour and domestic help. Those involved in the informal economy constitute a major portion of urban poor.:71

Q1: What percentage of Hyderabad's employed are employed informally?
A1: 30%
Q2: In 2007 how many street vendors did Hyderabad have?
A2: 40–50,000
Q3: What percentage of the street vendors in Hyderabad were male in 2007?
A3: 84%
Q4: Of the street vendors in Hyderabad what percentage owned their own stall in 2007?
A4: four fifths
Q5: In 2007 what percentage of street vendors in Hyderabad borrowed money to finance their operations?
A5: 8%
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States (Language and literature)

Likewise the migration of Spanish-speaking Nicaraguans also began as a result of political instability during the end of the 1970s and the 1980s. The uprising of the Sandinista revolution which toppled the Somoza dictatorship in 1979 caused many Nicaraguans to migrate particularly from those opposing the Sandinistas. Throughout the 1980s with the United States supported Contra War (or Contra-revolutionary war) which continued up until 1988, and the economic collapse of the country many more Nicaraguans migrated to the United States amongst other countries. The states of the United States where most Nicaraguans migrated to include Florida, California and Texas.

Q1: What other Spanish Speaking people come to America?
A1: Spanish-speaking Nicaraguans
Q2: Why did the Nicaraguans come to America?
A2: political instability during the end of the 1970s and the 1980s
Q3: When did the Nicaraguans arrive?
A3: Throughout the 1980s with the United States supported Contra War (or Contra-revolutionary war) which continued up until 1988
Q4: Where did Nicaraguans settle in America?
A4: The states of the United States where most Nicaraguans migrated to include Florida, California and Texas.
Q5: Was there a specific reason many Nicaraguans fled to the U.S.?
A5: the economic collapse of the country many more Nicaraguans migrated to the United States amongst other countries.
Group_(mathematics) (Mathematics)

Likewise, group theory helps predict the changes in physical properties that occur when a material undergoes a phase transition, for example, from a cubic to a tetrahedral crystalline form. An example is ferroelectric materials, where the change from a paraelectric to a ferroelectric state occurs at the Curie temperature and is related to a change from the high-symmetry paraelectric state to the lower symmetry ferroelectic state, accompanied by a so-called soft phonon mode, a vibrational lattice mode that goes to zero frequency at the transition.

Q1: What aids in predicting changes of physical traits?
A1: group theory
Q2: What stage of a physical transformation can group theory be used to make prediction?
A2: phase transition
Q3: What temperature causes the change of ferroelectric materials?
A3: Curie temperature
Q4: What term describes the vibrational lattice mode that turns to 0 frequency at the change?
A4: soft phonon mode
God (Philosophy and religion)

Likewise, Émile Durkheim was one of the earliest to suggest that gods represent an extension of human social life to include supernatural beings. In line with this reasoning, psychologist Matt Rossano contends that when humans began living in larger groups, they may have created gods as a means of enforcing morality. In small groups, morality can be enforced by social forces such as gossip or reputation. However, it is much harder to enforce morality using social forces in much larger groups. Rossano indicates that by including ever-watchful gods and spirits, humans discovered an effective strategy for restraining selfishness and building more cooperative groups.

Q1: What are ways that small social groups can force morality?
A1: gossip or reputation
Q2: Who suggested that by including the presence of an omniscient God, selfishness can be controlled and cooperation can be gained?
A2: Matt Rossano
Q3: What did Émile Durkheim suggest about the existence of God?
A3: gods represent an extension of human social life to include supernatural beings
Q4: Why would humans have begun to create gods?
A4: a means of enforcing morality
Q5: Who posited that humans created gods to create morality in social groups?
A5: Matt Rossano
Q6: Omnipresent gods are a way to watch large groups and enforce what?
A6: morality
Q7: Omniprestent gods helped build what?
A7: more cooperative groups
Gregorian_calendar (Mathematics)

Lilius's proposals had two components. Firstly, he proposed a correction to the length of the year. The mean tropical year is 365.24219 days long. As the average length of a Julian year is 365.25 days, the Julian year is almost 11 minutes longer than the mean tropical year. The discrepancy results in a drift of about three days every 400 years. Lilius's proposal resulted in an average year of 365.2425 days (see Accuracy). At the time of Gregory's reform there had already been a drift of 10 days since the Council of Nicaea, resulting in the vernal equinox falling on 10 or 11 March instead of the ecclesiastically fixed date of 21 March, and if unreformed it would drift further. Lilius proposed that the 10-day drift should be corrected by deleting the Julian leap day on each of its ten occurrences over a period of forty years, thereby providing for a gradual return of the equinox to 21 March.

Q1: What did Lilius first propose to correct in the calendar?
A1: length of the year
Q2: By how much is the Julian calendar too long?
A2: 11 minutes
Q3: How much difference does the extra 11 minutes make over 400 years time?
A3: three days
Q4: On what date was the original vernal equinox set?
A4: 21 March
Q5: By the time of Lilius where was the equinox falling?
A5: 10 or 11 March
New_York_City (Geography and places)

Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, anchoring Lincoln Square on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, is home to numerous influential arts organizations, including the Metropolitan Opera, New York City Opera, New York Philharmonic, and New York City Ballet, as well as the Vivian Beaumont Theater, the Juilliard School, Jazz at Lincoln Center, and Alice Tully Hall. The Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute is in Union Square, and Tisch School of the Arts is based at New York University, while Central Park SummerStage presents performances of free plays and music in Central Park.

Q1: In what borough is the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts located?
A1: Manhattan
Q2: In what part of Manhattan can you find Lincoln Square?
A2: Upper West Side
Q3: In what square is the theater named after Lee Strasberg located?
A3: Union Square
Q4: At what institution of higher education is the Tisch School of the Arts located?
A4: New York University
Q5: In what New York park can one find performances at no cost?
A5: Central Park
Christian (Language and literature)

Linda Woodhead attempts to provide a common belief thread for Christians by noting that "Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance." Philosopher Michael Martin, in his book The Case Against Christianity, evaluated three historical Christian creeds (the Apostles' Creed, the Nicene Creed and the Athanasian Creed) to establish a set of basic assumptions which include belief in theism, the historicity of Jesus, the Incarnation, salvation through faith in Jesus, and Jesus as an ethical role model.

Q1: Who states that Christian believers agree that Jesus has a unique significance? 
A1: Linda Woodhead
Q2: Who wrote The Case Against Christianity?
A2: Michael Martin
Q3: How many historical Christian creeds did Martin write about?
A3: three
Q4: What do Christians believe is the way to salvation?
A4: faith in Jesus
Q5: What are the three creeds Martin studied?
A5: the Apostles' Creed, the Nicene Creed and the Athanasian Creed