LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Northwestern_University (History)

The undergraduates have a number of traditions: Painting The Rock (originally a fountain donated by the Class of 1902) is a way to advertise, for example, campus organizations, events in Greek life, student groups, and university-wide events. Dance Marathon, a 30-hour philanthropic event, has raised more than 13 million dollars in its history for various children's charities. Primal Scream is held at 9 p.m. on the Sunday before finals week every quarter; students lean out of windows or gather in courtyards and scream. Armadillo Day, or, more popularly, Dillo Day, a day of music and food, is held on Northwestern's Lakefill every Spring on the weekend after Memorial Day. And in one of the University's newer traditions, every year during freshman orientation, known as Wildcat Welcome, freshmen and transfer students pass through Weber Arch to the loud huzzahs of upperclassmen and the music of the University Marching Band.

Q1: How much money has the traditional Northwestern Dance Marathon raised for children's charities?
A1: more than 13 million dollars
Q2: What do students do during the traditional Primal Scream event held before finals week every quarter?
A2: scream
Q3: What is the popular name for Northwestern's traditional Armadillo Day?
A3: Dillo Day
Q4: When is Armadillo Day held every year?
A4: on the weekend after Memorial Day
Q5: What name is freshman orientation known as?
A5: Wildcat Welcome
Chihuahua_(state) (History)

The uneasy alliance of Carranza, Obregón, Villa, and Zapata eventually led the rebels to victory. The fight against Huerta formally ended on August 15, 1914, when Álvaro Obregón signed a number of treaties in Teoloyucan in which the last of Huerta's forces surrendered to him and recognized the constitutional government. On August 20, 1914, Carranza made a triumphal entry into Mexico City. Carranza (supported by Obregón) was now the strongest candidate to fill the power vacuum and set himself up as head of the new government. This government successfully printed money, passed laws, etc.

Q1: The uneasy alliance between whom eventually won rebels the victory?
A1: Carranza, Obregón, Villa, and Zapata
Q2: The fight against Huerta formally ended on which date?
A2: August 15, 1914
Q3: In which city did Obregon sign a number of treaties?
A3: Teoloyucan
Q4: Who made a triumphant entry into Mexico City on August 20, 1914?
A4: Carranza
Thuringia (History)

The unemployment rate reached its peak of 20% in 2005. Since then, it has decreased to 7% in 2013, which is only slightly above the national average. The decrease is caused on the one hand by the emergence of new jobs and on the other by a marked decrease in the working-age population, caused by emigration and low birth rates for decades. The wages in Thuringia are low compared to rich bordering Lands like Hesse and Bavaria. Therefore, many Thuringians are working in other German Lands and even in Austria and Switzerland as weekly commuters. Nevertheless, the demographic transition in Thuringia leads to a lack of workers in some sectors. External immigration into Thuringia has been encouraged by the government since about 2010 to counter this problem.

Q1: When did the unemployment rate of Thuringia peak?
A1: 20% in 2005
Q2: What is the current state of unemployment in Thuringia? 
A2: it has decreased to 7%
Q3: How do wages in Thuringia compare to their neighbors?
A3: The wages in Thuringia are low compared to rich bordering Lands like Hesse and Bavaria.
Q4: What do many Thuringian workers do to earn better wages?
A4: working in other German Lands and even in Austria and Switzerland as weekly commuters
Q5: What has lead to a lack of workers in some sectors?
A5: demographic transition
Samoa (Geography and places)

The unicameral legislature (the Fono) consists of 49 members serving 5-year terms. Forty-seven are matai title-holders elected from territorial districts by Samoans; the other two are chosen by non-Samoans with no chiefly affiliation on separate electoral rolls. Universal suffrage was adopted in 1990, but only chiefs (matai) may stand for election to the Samoan seats. There are more than 25,000 matais in the country, about 5% of whom are women. The prime minister, chosen by a majority in the Fono, is appointed by the head of state to form a government. The prime minister's choices for the 12 cabinet positions are appointed by the head of state, subject to the continuing confidence of the Fono.

Q1: What do Samoans call their legislative body?
A1: the Fono
Q2: How many Fono members are there?
A2: 49
Q3: How many of the members of the Fono are elected to office?
A3: Forty-seven
Q4: What percentage of female matais are there in Samoa?
A4: 5%
Q5: What position in government is chosen by Fono majority vote?
A5: prime minister
Hydrogen (Natural sciences)

The universal emergence of atomic hydrogen first occurred during the recombination epoch. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, nonmetallic, highly combustible diatomic gas with the molecular formula H2. Since hydrogen readily forms covalent compounds with most non-metallic elements, most of the hydrogen on Earth exists in molecular forms such as in the form of water or organic compounds. Hydrogen plays a particularly important role in acid–base reactions as many acid-base reactions involve the exchange of protons between soluble molecules. In ionic compounds, hydrogen can take the form of a negative charge (i.e., anion) when it is known as a hydride, or as a positively charged (i.e., cation) species denoted by the symbol H+. The hydrogen cation is written as though composed of a bare proton, but in reality, hydrogen cations in ionic compounds are always more complex species than that would suggest. As the only neutral atom for which the Schrödinger equation can be solved analytically, study of the energetics and bonding of the hydrogen atom has played a key role in the development of quantum mechanics.

Q1: What form can you find hydrogen is on Earth?
A1: molecular
Q2: What is the molecular make-up of hydrogen?
A2: H2
Q3: What are three properties of hydrogen at normal temperature and normal pressure?
A3: colorless, odorless, tasteless
Q4: What charge does hydrogen display in ionic compounds when it is called a hydride?
A4: negative
Q5: What field of study has hydrogen and it's properties played a key role in development?
A5: quantum mechanics
University (Language and literature)

The university culture developed differently in northern Europe than it did in the south, although the northern (primarily Germany, France and Great Britain) and southern universities (primarily Italy) did have many elements in common. Latin was the language of the university, used for all texts, lectures, disputations and examinations. Professors lectured on the books of Aristotle for logic, natural philosophy, and metaphysics; while Hippocrates, Galen, and Avicenna were used for medicine. Outside of these commonalities, great differences separated north and south, primarily in subject matter. Italian universities focused on law and medicine, while the northern universities focused on the arts and theology. There were distinct differences in the quality of instruction in these areas which were congruent with their focus, so scholars would travel north or south based on their interests and means. There was also a difference in the types of degrees awarded at these universities. English, French and German universities usually awarded bachelor's degrees, with the exception of degrees in theology, for which the doctorate was more common. Italian universities awarded primarily doctorates. The distinction can be attributed to the intent of the degree holder after graduation – in the north the focus tended to be on acquiring teaching positions, while in the south students often went on to professional positions. The structure of northern universities tended to be modeled after the system of faculty governance developed at the University of Paris. Southern universities tended to be patterned after the student-controlled model begun at the University of Bologna. Among the southern universities, a further distinction has been noted between those of northern Italy, which followed the pattern of Bologna as a "self-regulating, independent corporation of scholars" and those of southern Italy and Iberia, which were "founded by royal and imperial charter to serve the needs of government."

Q1: Which language was used in lectures in early European universities?
A1: Latin
Q2: For what subjects did professors use the work of Hippocrates?
A2: medicine
Q3: What type of subjects did the universities of northern Europe focus on?
A3: arts and theology
Q4: What type of degree was given out at a English university?
A4: bachelor's degrees
Northwestern_University (History)

The university employs 3,401 full-time faculty members across its eleven schools, including 18 members of the National Academy of Sciences, 65 members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 19 members of the National Academy of Engineering, and 6 members of the Institute of Medicine. Notable faculty include 2010 Nobel Prize–winning economist Dale T. Mortensen; nano-scientist Chad Mirkin; Tony Award-winning director Mary Zimmerman; management expert Philip Kotler; King Faisal International Prize in Science recipient Sir Fraser Stoddart; Steppenwolf Theatre director Anna Shapiro; sexual psychologist J. Michael Bailey; Holocaust denier Arthur Butz; Federalist Society co-founder Steven Calabresi; former Weatherman Bernardine Rae Dohrn; ethnographer Gary Alan Fine; Pulitzer Prize–winning historian Garry Wills; American Academy of Arts and Sciences fellow Monica Olvera de la Cruz and MacArthur Fellowship recipients Stuart Dybek, and Jennifer Richeson. Notable former faculty include political advisor David Axelrod, artist Ed Paschke, writer Charles Newman, Nobel Prize–winning chemist John Pople, and military sociologist and "don't ask, don't tell" author Charles Moskos.

Q1: How many full-time faculty members does Northwestern employ?
A1: 3,401
Q2: Who is Northwestern's faculty member notable for being a Holocaust denier?
A2: Arthur Butz
Q3: Who is Northwestern's faculty member notable for winning a Pulitzer Prize?
A3: historian Garry Wills
Q4: Who is Northwestern's faculty member notable for becoming a Tony Award-winning director?
A4: Mary Zimmerman
Q5: Who is Northwestern's faculty member notable for winning the Nobel Prize?
A5: chemist John Pople
University_of_Notre_Dame (Geography and places)

The university first offered graduate degrees, in the form of a Master of Arts (MA), in the 1854–1855 academic year. The program expanded to include Master of Laws (LL.M.) and Master of Civil Engineering in its early stages of growth, before a formal graduate school education was developed with a thesis not required to receive the degrees. This changed in 1924 with formal requirements developed for graduate degrees, including offering Doctorate (PhD) degrees. Today each of the five colleges offer graduate education. Most of the departments from the College of Arts and Letters offer PhD programs, while a professional Master of Divinity (M.Div.) program also exists. All of the departments in the College of Science offer PhD programs, except for the Department of Pre-Professional Studies. The School of Architecture offers a Master of Architecture, while each of the departments of the College of Engineering offer PhD programs. The College of Business offers multiple professional programs including MBA and Master of Science in Accountancy programs. It also operates facilities in Chicago and Cincinnati for its executive MBA program. Additionally, the Alliance for Catholic Education program offers a Master of Education program where students study at the university during the summer and teach in Catholic elementary schools, middle schools, and high schools across the Southern United States for two school years.

Q1: In what year was a Master of Arts course first offered at Notre Dame?
A1: 1854
Q2: The granting of Doctorate degrees first occurred in what year at Notre Dame?
A2: 1924
Q3: What type of degree is an M.Div.?
A3: Master of Divinity
Q4: Which department at Notre Dame is the only one to not offer a PhD program?
A4: Department of Pre-Professional Studies
Q5: Which program at Notre Dame offers a Master of Education degree?
A5: Alliance for Catholic Education
Yale_University (History)

The university hosts a variety of student journals, magazines, and newspapers. Established in 1872, The Yale Record is the world's oldest humor magazine. Newspapers include the Yale Daily News, which was first published in 1878, and the weekly Yale Herald, which was first published in 1986. Dwight Hall, an independent, non-profit community service organization, oversees more than 2,000 Yale undergraduates working on more than 70 community service initiatives in New Haven. The Yale College Council runs several agencies that oversee campus wide activities and student services. The Yale Dramatic Association and Bulldog Productions cater to the theater and film communities, respectively. In addition, the Yale Drama Coalition serves to coordinate between and provide resources for the various Sudler Fund sponsored theater productions which run each weekend. WYBC Yale Radio is the campus's radio station, owned and operated by students. While students used to broadcast on AM & FM frequencies, they now have an Internet-only stream.

Q1: What is the name of the world's oldest humor magazine?
A1: The Yale Record
Q2: What year was The Yale Record first published?
A2: 1872
Q3: In what year was the Yale Daily News established?
A3: 1878
Q4: When was the Yale Herald established?
A4: 1986
Q5: What is the name of the campus radio station?
A5: WYBC Yale Radio
University_of_Kansas (Geography and places)

The university houses the following public broadcasting stations: KJHK, a student-run campus radio station, KUJH-LP, an independent station that primarily broadcasts public affairs programs, and KANU, the NPR-affiliated radio station. Kansas Public Radio station KANU was one of the first public radio stations in the nation. KJHK, the campus radio has roots back to 1952 and is completely run by students.

Q1: What are the call letters of the National Public Radio affiliate that broadcasts from KU?
A1: KANU
Q2: What is the name of the station operated by KU students?
A2: KJHK
Q3: When did KJHK first broadcast?
A3: 1952
Q4: What is the name of an independent radio broadcast run out of KU?
A4: KUJH-LP
Q5: What kinds of programming appear on KUJH-LP?
A5: public affairs
University_of_Notre_Dame (Geography and places)

The university is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross (Latin: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce, abbreviated postnominals: "CSC"). While religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission, more than 93% of students identify as Christian, with over 80% of the total being Catholic. Collectively, Catholic Mass is celebrated over 100 times per week on campus, and a large campus ministry program provides for the faith needs of the community. There are multitudes of religious statues and artwork around campus, most prominent of which are the statue of Mary on the Main Building, the Notre Dame Grotto, and the Word of Life mural on Hesburgh Library depicting Christ as a teacher. Additionally, every classroom displays a crucifix. There are many religious clubs (catholic and non-Catholic) at the school, including Council #1477 of the Knights of Columbus (KOC), Baptist Collegiate Ministry (BCM), Jewish Club, Muslim Student Association, Orthodox Christian Fellowship, The Mormon Club, and many more. The Notre Dame KofC are known for being the first collegiate council of KofC, operating a charitable concession stand during every home football game and owning their own building on campus which can be used as a cigar lounge. Fifty-seven chapels are located throughout the campus.

Q1: What is Congregation of Holy Cross in Latin?
A1: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce
Q2: What percentage of Notre Dame students feel they are Christian?
A2: more than 93%
Q3: How often is Catholic mass held at Notre Dame in a week?
A3: over 100 times
Q4: How many chapels are on the Notre Dame campus?
A4: Fifty-seven
Q5: What amount of the student body of Notre Dame identifies as Catholic?
A5: over 80%
University_of_Notre_Dame (Geography and places)

The university is the major seat of the Congregation of Holy Cross (albeit not its official headquarters, which are in Rome). Its main seminary, Moreau Seminary, is located on the campus across St. Joseph lake from the Main Building. Old College, the oldest building on campus and located near the shore of St. Mary lake, houses undergraduate seminarians. Retired priests and brothers reside in Fatima House (a former retreat center), Holy Cross House, as well as Columba Hall near the Grotto. The university through the Moreau Seminary has ties to theologian Frederick Buechner. While not Catholic, Buechner has praised writers from Notre Dame and Moreau Seminary created a Buechner Prize for Preaching.

Q1: Where is the headquarters of the Congregation of the Holy Cross?
A1: Rome
Q2: What is the primary seminary of the Congregation of the Holy Cross?
A2: Moreau Seminary
Q3: What is the oldest structure at Notre Dame?
A3: Old College
Q4: What individuals live at Fatima House at Notre Dame?
A4: Retired priests and brothers
Q5: Which prize did Frederick Buechner create?
A5: Buechner Prize for Preaching
Brigham_Young_University (Philosophy and religion)

The university operates under 11 colleges or schools, which collectively offer 194 bachelor's degree programs, 68 master's degree programs, 25 PhD programs, and a Juris Doctor program. BYU also manages some courses and majors through the David M. Kennedy Center for International Studies and "miscellaneous" college departments, including Undergraduate Education, Graduate Studies, Independent Study, Continuing Education, and the Honors Program. BYU's Winter semester ends earlier than most universities in April since there is no Spring break, thus allowing students to pursue internships and other summer activities earlier. A typical academic year is broken up into two semesters: Fall (September–December) and Winter (January–April), as well as two shorter terms during the summer months: Spring (May–June) and Summer (July–August).

Q1: Why does BYU's Winter semester end earlier than most colleges?
A1: there is no Spring break
Q2: How many semesters is a typical BYU year broken up into?
A2: two
Q3: How many shorter terms does BYU have during the summer?
A3: two
Q4: What type of Doctor Program is offered at BYU?
A4: Juris
Q5: What allows BYU students to pursue summer internships earlier than most college students?
A5: Winter semester ends earlier than most universities
University_of_Notre_Dame (Geography and places)

The university owns several centers around the world used for international studies and research, conferences abroad, and alumni support. The university has had a presence in London, England, since 1968. Since 1998, its London center has been based in the former United University Club at 1 Suffolk Street in Trafalgar Square. The center enables the Colleges of Arts & Letters, Business Administration, Science, Engineering and the Law School to develop their own programs in London, as well as hosting conferences and symposia. Other Global Gateways are located in Beijing, Chicago, Dublin, Jerusalem and Rome.

Q1: In what year did Notre Dame first have a facility in England?
A1: 1968
Q2: At which location is the London Center operated by Notre Dame found?
A2: 1 Suffolk Street in Trafalgar Square
Q3: Notre Dame has a center in Beijing, what is it referred to as?
A3: Global Gateways
Q4: In what year did the Suffolk Street location start to house a Notre Dame facility?
A4: 1998
University_of_Kansas (Geography and places)

The university's Medical Center and University Hospital are located in Kansas City, Kansas. The Edwards Campus is in Overland Park, Kansas, in the Kansas City metropolitan area. There are also educational and research sites in Parsons and Topeka, and branches of the University of Kansas School of Medicine in Wichita and Salina. The university is one of the 62 members of the Association of American Universities.

Q1: In what two cities are there satellite locations for KU's medical school?
A1: Wichita and Salina
Q2: What organization does KU belong to?
A2: the Association of American Universities
Q3: How many insititutions comprise the Association of American Universities' membership?
A3: 62
Q4: In what city can KU's hospital be found?
A4: Kansas City
Q5: In what city can KU's Edwards campus be found?
A5: Overland Park
Washington_University_in_St._Louis (Geography and places)

The university's first chancellor was Joseph Gibson Hoyt. Crow secured the university charter from the Missouri General Assembly in 1853, and Eliot was named President of the Board of Trustees. Early on, Eliot solicited support from members of the local business community, including John O'Fallon, but Eliot failed to secure a permanent endowment. Washington University is unusual among major American universities in not having had a prior financial endowment. The institution had no backing of a religious organization, single wealthy patron, or earmarked government support.

Q1: Who was the first chancellor of Washington University?
A1: Joseph Gibson Hoyt.
Q2: When did Washington University secure its charter?
A2: 1853
Q3: What makes Washington University unique among other American universities?
A3: not having had a prior financial endowment
Q4: Who was the first president of Washington University?
A4: Eliot
Q5: What local businessman help provide support for the Washington University?
A5: John O'Fallon
Nintendo_Entertainment_System (Video games)

The unlicensed clone market has flourished following Nintendo's discontinuation of the NES. Some of the more exotic of these resulting systems have gone beyond the functionality of the original hardware and have included variations such as a portable system with a color LCD (e.g. PocketFami). Others have been produced with certain specialized markets in mind, such as an NES clone that functions as a rather primitive personal computer, which includes a keyboard and basic word processing software. These unauthorized clones have been helped by the invention of the so-called NES-on-a-chip.

Q1: What thrived after the NES was discontinued?
A1: unlicensed clone market
Q2: What feature does the PocketFami have?
A2: color LCD
Q3: The NES was duplicated on which medium in order to make clones easy to produce?
A3: chip
Windows_8 (Engineering and technology)

The upgrade addressed a number of criticisms faced by Windows 8 upon its release, with additional customization options for the Start screen, the restoration of a visible Start button on the desktop, the ability to snap up to four apps on a single display, and the ability to boot to the desktop instead of the Start screen. Windows 8's stock apps were also updated, a new Bing-based unified search system was added, SkyDrive was given deeper integration with the operating system, and a number of new stock apps, along with a tutorial, were added. Windows 8.1 also added support for 3D printing, Miracast media streaming, NFC printing, and Wi-Fi Direct.

Q1: What search engine was added in Windows 8.1?
A1: Bing-based unified search system
Q2: How did the Windows 8.1 upgrade enhance desktop startup?
A2: ability to boot to the desktop instead of the Start screen
Q3: What main feature was added back to the desktop?
A3: a visible Start button
Q4: How many apps did the WIndows 8.1 update allow to be snapped onto a signular display?
A4: up to four