LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
London (Geography and places)

London has been the setting for many works of literature. The literary centres of London have traditionally been hilly Hampstead and (since the early 20th century) Bloomsbury. Writers closely associated with the city are the diarist Samuel Pepys, noted for his eyewitness account of the Great Fire, Charles Dickens, whose representation of a foggy, snowy, grimy London of street sweepers and pickpockets has been a major influence on people's vision of early Victorian London, and Virginia Woolf, regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the 20th century.

Q1: Who witnessed first-hand and wrote about the Great Fire of 1666?
A1: Samuel Pepys
Q2: What area has historically been the literary hub of London?
A2: Hampstead
Q3: A more current, 20th century center for London's literary set is located where?
A3: Bloomsbury
Q4: Which author's novels painted a dismal portrait of Victorian London?
A4: Charles Dickens
Q5: What female writer is one of the leading literary minds of the 20th century?
A5: Virginia Woolf
London (Geography and places)

London has numerous venues for rock and pop concerts, including the world's busiest arena the o2 arena and other large arenas such as Earls Court, Wembley Arena, as well as many mid-sized venues, such as Brixton Academy, the Hammersmith Apollo and the Shepherd's Bush Empire. Several music festivals, including the Wireless Festival, South West Four, Lovebox, and Hyde Park's British Summer Time are all held in London. The city is home to the first and original Hard Rock Cafe and the Abbey Road Studios where The Beatles recorded many of their hits. In the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, musicians and groups like Elton John, Pink Floyd, David Bowie, Queen, The Kinks, The Rolling Stones, The Who, Eric Clapton, Led Zeppelin, The Small Faces, Iron Maiden, Fleetwood Mac, Elvis Costello, Cat Stevens, The Police, The Cure, Madness, The Jam, Dusty Springfield, Phil Collins, Rod Stewart and Sade, derived their sound from the streets and rhythms vibrating through London.

Q1: What famous chain of music-themed restaurants opened its first establishment in London?
A1: Hard Rock Cafe
Q2: In which recording studio did the Beatles do much of their recording? 
A2: Abbey Road Studios
Q3: What in part inspired the sounds of many British rock bands and singers in the 60s, 70s, and 80s?
A3: the streets and rhythms vibrating through London.
Q4: What London concert venue shares its first name with a famous football stadium?
A4: Wembley Arena
Q5: Located in London, what is the busiest concert arena in the world?
A5: the o2 arena
London (Geography and places)

London has played a significant role in the film industry, and has major studios at Ealing and a special effects and post-production community centred in Soho. Working Title Films has its headquarters in London. London has been the setting for films including Oliver Twist (1948), Scrooge (1951), Peter Pan (1953), The 101 Dalmatians (1961), My Fair Lady (1964), Mary Poppins (1964), Blowup (1966), The Long Good Friday (1980), Notting Hill (1999), Love Actually (2003), V For Vendetta (2005), Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber Of Fleet Street (2008) and The King's Speech (2010). Notable actors and filmmakers from London include; Charlie Chaplin, Alfred Hitchcock, Michael Caine, Helen Mirren, Gary Oldman, Christopher Nolan, Jude Law, Tom Hardy, Keira Knightley and Daniel Day-Lewis. As of 2008[update], the British Academy Film Awards have taken place at the Royal Opera House. London is a major centre for television production, with studios including BBC Television Centre, The Fountain Studios and The London Studios. Many television programmes have been set in London, including the popular television soap opera EastEnders, broadcast by the BBC since 1985.

Q1: What major film production company calls London home?
A1: Working Title Films
Q2: In what theater are the British Academy film awards presented?
A2: the Royal Opera House
Q3: What popular soap opera has the BBC televised since 1985?
A3: EastEnders
Q4: What silent movie film star who made movies such as The Little Tramp hailed from London?
A4: Charlie Chaplin
Q5: In what year was the stage musical My Fair Lady, set in turn-of-the-century London, made into a major motion picture?
A5: 1964
London (Geography and places)

London i/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south eastern part of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1.12-square-mile (2.9 km2) medieval boundaries and in 2011 had a resident population of 7,375, making it the smallest city in England. Since at least the 19th century, the term London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms Greater London,[note 1] a region of England governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.[note 2] The conurbation also covers two English counties: the small district of the City of London and the county of Greater London. The latter constitutes the vast majority of London, though historically it was split between Middlesex (a now abolished county), Essex, Surrey, Kent and Hertfordshire.

Q1: As of 2011 what was the population of the core of London?
A1: 7,375
Q2: On what river is London situated?
A2: River Thames
Q3: What was London's original name, as founded by the Romans?
A3: Londinium
Q4: What bodies govern Greater London?
A4: the Mayor of London and the London Assembly
Q5: What is the approximate area of the core of the City of London?
A5: 1.12-square-mile (2.9 km2)
London (Geography and places)

London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism, and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is one of the world's leading financial centres and has the fifth-or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world depending on measurement.[note 3] London is a world cultural capital. It is the world's most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the world's largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic. London is one of the world's leading investment destinations, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe, and a 2014 report placed it first in the world university rankings. According to the report London also ranks first in the world in software, multimedia development and design, and shares first position in technology readiness. In 2012, London became the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.

Q1: Where does London rank in terms of metropolitan area GDP?
A1: fifth-or sixth-largest
Q2: How many times has London hosted the Summer Olympic Games?
A2: three
Q3: What measurement designates London as the world's most visited city?
A3: international arrivals
Q4: How many universities does London boast?
A4: 43
Q5: When did London most recently host the Summer Olympics?
A5: 2012
London (Geography and places)

London is a major global centre of higher education teaching and research and its 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe. According to the QS World University Rankings 2015/16, London has the greatest concentration of top class universities in the world and the international student population around 110,000 which is also more than any other city in the world. A 2014 PricewaterhouseCoopers report termed London as the global capital of higher education

Q1: What professional services network named London the world's capital of higher education?
A1: PricewaterhouseCoopers
Q2: London has the highest concentration of higher education institutions in Europe with how many universities?
A2: 43
Q3: What is the approximate number of international students studying in London?
A3: 110,000
London (Geography and places)

London is a major international air transport hub with the busiest city airspace in the world. Eight airports use the word London in their name, but most traffic passes through six of these. London Heathrow Airport, in Hillingdon, West London, is the busiest airport in the world for international traffic, and is the major hub of the nation's flag carrier, British Airways. In March 2008 its fifth terminal was opened. There were plans for a third runway and a sixth terminal; however, these were cancelled by the Coalition Government on 12 May 2010.

Q1: How many airports are affiliated with London and incorporate the word London in their names?
A1: Eight
Q2: The majority of air traffic utilizes how many of the airports in and around London?
A2: six
Q3: In terms of international travel, which airport is the world's busiest?
A3: London Heathrow
Q4: A fifth terminal was opened in 2008 for which UK airline?
A4: British Airways
Q5: In May 2010, who scrapped British Airways's plans to add a sixth terminal and another runway?
A5: the Coalition Government
London (Geography and places)

London is also home to sizeable Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, and Jewish communities. Notable mosques include the East London Mosque in Tower Hamlets, London Central Mosque on the edge of Regent's Park and the Baitul Futuh Mosque of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. Following the oil boom, increasing numbers of wealthy Hindus and Middle-Eastern Muslims have based themselves around Mayfair and Knightsbridge in West London. There are large Muslim communities in the eastern boroughs of Tower Hamlets and Newham. Large Hindu communities are in the north-western boroughs of Harrow and Brent, the latter of which is home to Europe's largest Hindu temple, Neasden Temple. London is also home to 42 Hindu temples. There are Sikh communities in East and West London, particularly in Southall, home to one of the largest Sikh populations and the largest Sikh temple outside India.

Q1: What is the name of the largest Hindu temple in Europe?
A1: Neasden Temple
Q2: Where is London's Sikh population primarily located?
A2: Southall
Q3: Where is the East London Mosque located?
A3: Tower Hamlets
Q4: Which eastern boroughs host large Muslim populations?
A4: Tower Hamlets and Newham
Q5: How many Hindu temples exist in London?
A5: 42
London (Geography and places)

London is home to five major medical schools – Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (part of Queen Mary), King's College London School of Medicine (the largest medical school in Europe), Imperial College School of Medicine, UCL Medical School and St George's, University of London – and has a large number of affiliated teaching hospitals. It is also a major centre for biomedical research, and three of the UK's five academic health science centres are based in the city – Imperial College Healthcare, King's Health Partners and UCL Partners (the largest such centre in Europe).

Q1: How many major medical schools does London boast?
A1: five
Q2: What is the largest school of medicine in Europe?
A2: King's College London School of Medicine
Q3: Barts and the London School of Dentistry if part of which university in the University of London Network?
A3: Queen Mary
Q4: How many of the United Kingdom's five health academic science centers are located in London?
A4: three
Q5: UCL Partners is the largest type of what facility in Europe?
A5: academic health science centres
London (Geography and places)

London is home to many museums, galleries, and other institutions, many of which are free of admission charges and are major tourist attractions as well as playing a research role. The first of these to be established was the British Museum in Bloomsbury, in 1753. Originally containing antiquities, natural history specimens and the national library, the museum now has 7 million artefacts from around the globe. In 1824 the National Gallery was founded to house the British national collection of Western paintings; this now occupies a prominent position in Trafalgar Square.

Q1: When was the British Museum in Bloomsbury founded?
A1: 1753
Q2: Which London museum is prominently located in Trafalgar Square?
A2: the National Gallery
Q3: How many artifacts from all over the world does the British Museum have on display?
A3: 7 million
Q4: Besides being popular tourist destinations, London's museums play a vital role in what activity?
A4: research
Q5: The National Gallery was established in 1824 to accommodate and display what items?
A5: the British national collection of Western paintings
London (Geography and places)

London is one of the leading tourist destinations in the world and in 2015 was ranked as the most visited city in the world with over 65 million visits. It is also the top city in the world by visitor cross-border spending, estimated at US$20.23 billion in 2015 Tourism is one of London's prime industries, employing the equivalent of 350,000 full-time workers in 2003, and the city accounts for 54% of all inbound visitor spend in UK. As of 2016 London is rated as the world top ranked city destination by TripAdvisor users.

Q1: According to 2015 data, how many how many visitors gave London its ranking as the number one visited city in the world?
A1: 65 million
Q2: How many US dollars are estimated to have been spent in London by visitors from other countries?
A2: $20.23 billion
Q3: As of 2003, roughly how many full time workers were employed in the tourism industry?
A3: 350,000
Q4: Which travel and tourism website's user activity has indicated that London is the number one travel destination?
A4: TripAdvisor
Q5: What percentage of visitor money is estimated to be spent in London?
A5: 54%
London (Geography and places)

London is one of the major classical and popular music capitals of the world and is home to major music corporations, such as EMI and Warner Music Group as well as countless bands, musicians and industry professionals. The city is also home to many orchestras and concert halls, such as the Barbican Arts Centre (principal base of the London Symphony Orchestra and the London Symphony Chorus), Cadogan Hall (Royal Philharmonic Orchestra) and the Royal Albert Hall (The Proms). London's two main opera houses are the Royal Opera House and the London Coliseum. The UK's largest pipe organ is at the Royal Albert Hall. Other significant instruments are at the cathedrals and major churches. Several conservatoires are within the city: Royal Academy of Music, Royal College of Music, Guildhall School of Music and Drama and Trinity Laban.

Q1: What musical instrument is situated at Royal Albert Hall?
A1: The UK's largest pipe organ
Q2: London-based EMI is a corporation focused on what industry?
A2: music
Q3: In which facility is the London Symphony Orchestra based?
A3: the Barbican Arts Centre
Q4: What are the names of London's two primary opera houses?
A4: the Royal Opera House and the London Coliseum
Q5: Royal Academy of Music and Royal College of Music are examples of what?
A5: conservatoires
London (Geography and places)

London is the seat of the Government of the United Kingdom. Many government departments are based close to the Palace of Westminster, particularly along Whitehall, including the Prime Minister's residence at 10 Downing Street. The British Parliament is often referred to as the "Mother of Parliaments" (although this sobriquet was first applied to England itself by John Bright) because it has been the model for most other parliamentary systems. There are 73 Members of Parliament (MPs) from London, who correspond to local parliamentary constituencies in the national Parliament. As of May 2015, 45 are from the Labour Party, 27 are Conservatives, and one is a Liberal Democrat.

Q1: What is the Prime Minister of the UK's official residence?
A1: 10 Downing Street
Q2: Who first dubbed the British Parliament the "Mother of Parliaments?"
A2: John Bright
Q3: How many Members of Parliament are from London?
A3: 73
Q4: As of May 2015, which party holds the majority of seats in Parliament?
A4: the Labour Party
Q5: As of May 2015, how many Liberal Democrats sit in Parliament?
A5: one
London (Geography and places)

London is the world's most expensive office market for the last three years according to world property journal (2015) report. As of 2015[update] the residential property in London is worth $2.2 trillion - same value as that of Brazil annual GDP. The city has the highest property prices of any European city according to the Office for National Statistics and the European Office of Statistics. On average the price per square metre in central London is €24,252 (April 2014). This is higher than the property prices in other G8 European capital cities; Berlin €3,306, Rome €6,188 and Paris €11,229.

Q1: London's residential property value is equivalent to what nation's GDP?
A1: Brazil
Q2: What is the average price of property per square meter in central London as of April 2014?
A2: €24,252
Q3: A World Property Journal report has ranked London as the most expensive office market in the world for how many consecutive years?
A3: three
Q4: What city has the highest prices for property in Europe?
A4: London
Q5: What is the average property price per square meter in Berlin as of April 2014?
A5: €3,306
London (Geography and places)

London was instrumental in the development of punk music, with figures such as the Sex Pistols, The Clash, and Vivienne Westwood all based in the city. More recent artists to emerge from the London music scene include George Michael, Kate Bush, Seal, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bush, the Spice Girls, Jamiroquai, Blur, The Prodigy, Gorillaz, Mumford & Sons, Coldplay, Amy Winehouse, Adele, Ed Sheeran and One Direction. London is also a centre for urban music. In particular the genres UK garage, drum and bass, dubstep and grime evolved in the city from the foreign genres of hip hop and reggae, alongside local drum and bass. Black music station BBC Radio 1Xtra was set up to support the rise of home-grown urban music both in London and in the rest of the UK.

Q1: London was a major factor in the rise of what musical genre?
A1: punk
Q2: Musical genres that gained popularity in London and elsewhere, such as dubstep, were based on and derived from what?
A2: the foreign genres of hip hop and reggae
Q3: Which BBC radio station focuses primarily on black and urban music?
A3: BBC Radio 1Xtra
Q4: What rock music group led by Gavin Rossdale got its start in London's music scene?
A4: Bush
London (Geography and places)

London was the world's largest city from about 1831 to 1925. London's overcrowded conditions led to cholera epidemics, claiming 14,000 lives in 1848, and 6,000 in 1866. Rising traffic congestion led to the creation of the world's first local urban rail network. The Metropolitan Board of Works oversaw infrastructure expansion in the capital and some of the surrounding counties; it was abolished in 1889 when the London County Council was created out of those areas of the counties surrounding the capital. London was bombed by the Germans during the First World War while during the Second World War, the Blitz and other bombings by the German Luftwaffe, killed over 30,000 Londoners and destroyed large tracts of housing and other buildings across the city. Immediately after the war, the 1948 Summer Olympics were held at the original Wembley Stadium, at a time when London had barely recovered from the war.

Q1: What was the primary cause of the cholera outbreak in 19th century London?
A1: London's overcrowded conditions
Q2: Who bombed London in both World War I and World War II?
A2: the Germans
Q3: When did London host its first Summer Olympics?
A3: 1948
Q4: How many people died of cholera in London in 1848?
A4: 14,000
Q5: Where did the 1948 Summer Olympics in London take place?
A5: the original Wembley Stadium
London (Geography and places)

London's buildings are too diverse to be characterised by any particular architectural style, partly because of their varying ages. Many grand houses and public buildings, such as the National Gallery, are constructed from Portland stone. Some areas of the city, particularly those just west of the centre, are characterised by white stucco or whitewashed buildings. Few structures in central London pre-date the Great Fire of 1666, these being a few trace Roman remains, the Tower of London and a few scattered Tudor survivors in the City. Further out is, for example, the Tudor period Hampton Court Palace, England's oldest surviving Tudor palace, built by Cardinal Thomas Wolsey c.1515.

Q1: What is England's oldest standing palace from the Tudor period?
A1: Hampton Court Palace
Q2: Of what material is London's National Gallery made?
A2: Portland stone
Q3: When did the Great Fire of London occur?
A3: 1666
Q4: The area west of London's city is characterized by what type of building?
A4: white stucco or whitewashed
Q5: What, in part, is the reason for London's lack of a singularly characteristic architectural style among its buildings?
A5: their varying ages
London (Geography and places)

London's bus network is one of the largest in the world, running 24 hours a day, with about 8,500 buses, more than 700 bus routes and around 19,500 bus stops. In 2013, the network had more than 2 billion commuter trips per annum, more than the Underground. Around £850 million is taken in revenue each year. London has the largest wheelchair accessible network in the world and, from the 3rd quarter of 2007, became more accessible to hearing and visually impaired passengers as audio-visual announcements were introduced. The distinctive red double-decker buses are an internationally recognised trademark of London transport along with black cabs and the Tube.

Q1: How much revenue is generated yearly by London's public bus service?
A1: £850 million
Q2: How many buses does the London public bus network operate?
A2: more than 700
Q3: What feature added in 2007 facilitated bus travel by London' passengers with hearing and vision impairments?
A3: audio-visual announcements
Q4: What distinct appearance identifies many buses as a landmark for London?
A4: red double-decker
Q5: Typically, what color are London taxi cabs?
A5: black
The_Blitz (History)

London's defences were rapidly reorganised by General Pile, the Commander-in-Chief of Anti-Aircraft Command. The difference this made to the effectiveness of air defences is questionable. The British were still one-third below the establishment of heavy anti-aircraft artillery AAA (or ack-ack) in May 1941, with only 2,631 weapons available. Dowding had to rely on night fighters. From 1940 to 1941, the most successful night-fighter was the Boulton Paul Defiant; its four squadrons shot down more enemy aircraft than any other type. AA defences improved by better use of radar and searchlights. Over several months, the 20,000 shells spent per raider shot down in September 1940, was reduced to 4,087 in January 1941 and to 2,963 shells in February 1941.

Q1: Who reorganised London's defences?
A1: General Pile
Q2: The British were how far below the establishment of heavy anti-aircraft artillery?
A2: one-third
Q3: Who relied on night fighters?
A3: Dowding
Q4: Who's four squadrons shot down more enemy aircraft than any other type?
A4: Boulton Paul Defiant
Q5: How were AA defenses improved?
A5: by better use of radar and searchlights