LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Cyprus (Geography and places)

The Republic of Cyprus has de jure sovereignty over the island of Cyprus and its surrounding waters, according to international law, except for the British Overseas Territory of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, administered as Sovereign Base Areas. However, the Republic of Cyprus is de facto partitioned into two main parts; the area under the effective control of the Republic, comprising about 59% of the island's area, and the north, administered by the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, which is recognised only by Turkey, covering about 36% of the island's area. The international community considers the northern part of the island as territory of the Republic of Cyprus occupied by Turkish forces. The occupation is viewed as illegal under international law, amounting to illegal occupation of EU territory since Cyprus became a member of the European Union.

Q1: The Republic of Cyprus does not have de jure sovereignty over what two British territories? 
A1: Akrotiri and Dhekelia
Q2: How many parts is the Republic of Cyprus partitioned into?
A2: two main parts
Q3: How much area of the island does the Republic control?
A3: 59%
Q4: The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is only recognized by what country?
A4: Turkey
Q5: What does the international community consider the northern part of Cyprus?
A5: territory of the Republic of Cyprus occupied by Turkish forces
Age_of_Enlightenment (Philosophy and religion)

The Republic of Letters was the sum of a number of Enlightenment ideals: an egalitarian realm governed by knowledge that could act across political boundaries and rival state power. It was a forum that supported "free public examination of questions regarding religion or legislation". Immanuel Kant considered written communication essential to his conception of the public sphere; once everyone was a part of the "reading public", then society could be said to be enlightened. The people who participated in the Republic of Letters, such as Diderot and Voltaire, are frequently known today as important Enlightenment figures. Indeed, the men who wrote Diderot's Encyclopédie arguably formed a microcosm of the larger "republic".

Q1: What did the Republic of Letters support?
A1: free public examination of questions regarding religion or legislation
Q2: Once everyone was a part of what group did Kant believe all of society would be enlightened?
A2: the "reading public"
Q3: Who were two of the figures that participated in the Republic of Letters?
A3: Diderot and Voltaire
Q4: What did Immanuel Kant consider essential to his conception of the public sphere?
A4: written communication
Liberia (History)

The Republic of Liberia, beginning as a settlement of the American Colonization Society (ACS), declared its independence on July 26, 1847. The United States did not recognize Liberia's independence until during the American Civil War on February 5, 1862. Between January 7, 1822 and the American Civil War, more than 15,000 freed and free-born Black Americans from United States and 3,198 Afro-Caribbeans relocated to the settlement. The Black American settlers carried their culture with them to Liberia. The Liberian constitution and flag were modeled after the United States. In January 3, 1848 Joseph Jenkins Roberts, a wealthy free-born Black American from Virginia who settled in Liberia, was elected as Liberia's first president after the people proclaimed independence.

Q1: How did the republic of liberia begin?
A1: as a settlement of the American Colonization Society (ACS)
Q2: When did the Republic of Liberia declare it's independence?
A2: July 26, 1847
Q3: When did the united states recognize the republic of Liberia's independence?
A3: February 5, 1862. Between January 7, 182
Q4: How many slaves were freed in the american civil war?
A4: more than 15,000
Q5: What was the Liberian flag and constitution modeled after?
A5: the United States
Republic_of_the_Congo (Geography and places)

The Republic of the Congo (French: République du Congo), also known as Congo, Congo Republic, West Congo[citation needed], or Congo-Brazzaville, is a country located in Central Africa. It is bordered by five countries: Gabon to the west; Cameroon to the northwest; the Central African Republic to the northeast; the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the east and south; and the Angolan exclave of Cabinda to the southwest.

Q1: What is the French term for the Republic of the Congo?
A1: République du Congo
Q2: Which country lies on Congo's northeast border?
A2: Central African Republic
Q3: Whic country lies on Congo's western border?
A3: Gabon
Q4: Which country lies on Congo's northwest border?
A4: Cameroon
Q5: In what part of Africa is the Congo located?
A5: Central Africa
Republic_of_the_Congo (Geography and places)

The Republic of the Congo also has large untapped base metal, gold, iron and phosphate deposits. The country is a member of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA). The Congolese government signed an agreement in 2009 to lease 200,000 hectares of land to South African farmers to reduce its dependence on imports.

Q1: What precious metals and minerals have yet to be utilized in the Republic of the Congo?
A1: base metal, gold, iron and phosphate
Q2: What business organization is the Congo a member of?
A2: Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa
Q3: How much land did the Congolese government agree to lease to South Africans in 2009?
A3: 200,000 hectares
Republic_of_the_Congo (Geography and places)

The Republic of the Congo received full independence from France on August 15, 1960. Fulbert Youlou ruled as the country's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him. The Congolese military took charge of the country briefly and installed a civilian provisional government headed by Alphonse Massamba-Débat.

Q1: On what date was the Congo made fully independent from colonial rule?
A1: August 15, 1960
Q2: Who was the first leader of the independent Congo?
A2: Fulbert Youlou
Q3: Who replaced Youlou?
A3: Alphonse Massamba-Débat
Q4: Who were responsible for the revolts that ended with Youlou's removal?
A4: labour elements and rival political parties
Q5: Who took control of the company during the transition from Youlou to Debat?
A5: Congolese military
Republic_of_the_Congo (Geography and places)

The Republic of the Congo's sparse population is concentrated in the southwestern portion of the country, leaving the vast areas of tropical jungle in the north virtually uninhabited. Thus, Congo is one of the most urbanized countries in Africa, with 70% of its total population living in a few urban areas, namely in Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire or one of the small cities or villages lining the 534-kilometre (332 mi) railway which connects the two cities. In rural areas, industrial and commercial activity has declined rapidly in recent years, leaving rural economies dependent on the government for support and subsistence.

Q1: In what part of the country can most of the Congo's citizens be found?
A1: southwest
Q2: How long is the track connecting Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire?
A2: 534-kilometre (332 mi)
Dutch_Republic (History)

The Republic of the United Provinces lasted until a series of republican revolutions in 1783–1795 created the Batavian Republic. During this period, republican forces took several major cities of the Netherlands. After initially fleeing, the monarchist forces came back with British, Austrian, and Prussian troops and retook the Netherlands. The republican forces fled to France, but then successfully re-invaded alongside the army of the French republic. After the French Republic became the French Empire under Napoleon, the Batavian Republic was replaced by the Napoleonic Kingdom of Holland.

Q1: What events created the Batavian Republic?
A1: a series of republican revolutions in 1783–1795
Q2: The republican forces fled to which country?
A2: France
Q3: The Napoleonic Kingdom of Holland replaced which republic?
A3: the Batavian Republic
University_of_Notre_Dame (Geography and places)

The Rev. John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C. served as president from 1946 to 1952. Cavanaugh's legacy at Notre Dame in the post-war years was devoted to raising academic standards and reshaping the university administration to suit it to an enlarged educational mission and an expanded student body and stressing advanced studies and research at a time when Notre Dame quadrupled in student census, undergraduate enrollment increased by more than half, and graduate student enrollment grew fivefold. Cavanaugh also established the Lobund Institute for Animal Studies and Notre Dame's Medieval Institute. Cavanaugh also presided over the construction of the Nieuwland Science Hall, Fisher Hall, and the Morris Inn, as well as the Hall of Liberal Arts (now O'Shaughnessy Hall), made possible by a donation from I.A. O'Shaughnessy, at the time the largest ever made to an American Catholic university. Cavanaugh also established a system of advisory councils at the university, which continue today and are vital to the university's governance and development

Q1: Which president did Notre Dame have in 1947?
A1: Rev. John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C.
Q2: Around the time that Rev. Cavanaugh became president of Notre Dame by how much did the undergrad student body of Notre Dame increase?
A2: more than half
Q3: Which institute involving animal life did Cavanaugh create at Notre Dame?
A3: Lobund Institute for Animal Studies
Q4: Outside of an institute studying animals, what other institute did Cavanugh create at Notre Dame?
A4: Medieval Institute
Q5: What is O'Shaughnessy Hall of Notre Dame formerly known as?
A5: Hall of Liberal Arts
University_of_Notre_Dame (Geography and places)

The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., (1917–2015) served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of dramatic transformations. In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a factor of 20 from $735,000 to $15 million. Enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,600, faculty more than doubled 389 to 950, and degrees awarded annually doubled from 1,212 to 2,500.

Q1: What was the lifespan of Theodore Hesburgh?
A1: 1917–2015
Q2: During what years was Theodor Hesburgh president of Notre Dame?
A2: 1952–87
Q3: In the time that Hesburgh was president of Notre Dame by what factor did the operating budget increase?
A3: 18
Q4: What was the size of the Notre Dame endowment when Theodore Hesburgh became president?
A4: $9 million
Q5: How many faculty members were at Notre Dame when Hesburgh left the role of president?
A5: 950
University_of_Notre_Dame (Geography and places)

The Review of Politics was founded in 1939 by Gurian, modeled after German Catholic journals. It quickly emerged as part of an international Catholic intellectual revival, offering an alternative vision to positivist philosophy. For 44 years, the Review was edited by Gurian, Matthew Fitzsimons, Frederick Crosson, and Thomas Stritch. Intellectual leaders included Gurian, Jacques Maritain, Frank O'Malley, Leo Richard Ward, F. A. Hermens, and John U. Nef. It became a major forum for political ideas and modern political concerns, especially from a Catholic and scholastic tradition.

Q1: Gurian created what in 1939 at Notre Dame?
A1: The Review of Politics
Q2: What was the Review of Politics inspired by?
A2: German Catholic journals
Q3: Over how many years did Gurian edit the Review of Politics at Notre Dame?
A3: 44
Q4: Thomas Stritch was an editor of which publican from Notre Dame?
A4: Review of Politics
Yale_University (History)

The Revolutionary War soldier Nathan Hale (Yale 1773) was the prototype of the Yale ideal in the early 19th century: a manly yet aristocratic scholar, equally well-versed in knowledge and sports, and a patriot who "regretted" that he "had but one life to lose" for his country. Western painter Frederic Remington (Yale 1900) was an artist whose heroes gloried in combat and tests of strength in the Wild West. The fictional, turn-of-the-20th-century Yale man Frank Merriwell embodied the heroic ideal without racial prejudice, and his fictional successor Frank Stover in the novel Stover at Yale (1911) questioned the business mentality that had become prevalent at the school. Increasingly the students turned to athletic stars as their heroes, especially since winning the big game became the goal of the student body, and the alumni, as well as the team itself.

Q1: What was Nathan Hale famous for?
A1: Revolutionary War soldier
Q2: What profession did Frederic Remington hold?
A2: artist
Q3: What was the name of the protagonist of "Stover at Yale"?
A3: Frank Stover
Q4: What turned into the goal of the student body?
A4: winning the big game
Q5: What were the subjects of Frederic Remington's paintings?
A5: heroes gloried in combat and tests of strength in the Wild West
Richmond,_Virginia (Geography and places)

The Richmond Times-Dispatch, the local daily newspaper in Richmond with a Sunday circulation of 120,000, is owned by BH Media, a subsidiary of Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway company. Style Weekly is a standard weekly publication covering popular culture, arts, and entertainment, owned by Landmark Communications. RVA Magazine is the city's only independent art music and culture publication, was once monthly, but is now issued quarterly. The Richmond Free Press and the Voice cover the news from an African-American perspective.

Q1: What company owns the company that owns the Richmond Times-Dispatch?
A1: Berkshire Hathaway
Q2: How many people buy the Richmond Times-Dispatch on Sunday?
A2: 120,000
Q3: What newspaper is published by Landmark Communications?
A3: Style Weekly
Q4: Before switching to its current publication schedule, how often was RVA Magazine published?
A4: monthly
Q5: Along with the Voice, what is Richmond's black-oriented news publication?
A5: Richmond Free Press
Richmond,_Virginia (Geography and places)

The Richmond area also has two railroad stations served by Amtrak. Each station receives regular service from north of Richmond including Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, and New York. The suburban Staples Mill Road Station is located on a major north-south freight line and receives all service to and from all points south including, Raleigh, Durham, Savannah, Newport News, Williamsburg and Florida. Richmond's only railway station located within the city limits, the historic Main Street Station, was renovated in 2004. As of 2010, the station only receives trains headed to and from Newport News and Williamsburg due to track layout. As a result, the Staples Mill Road station receives more trains and serves more passengers overall.

Q1: What station services all southern rail traffic passing through Richmond?
A1: Staples Mill Road Station
Q2: What is the name of the railroad station inside Richmond proper?
A2: Main Street Station
Q3: In what year was Richmond's railroad station renovated?
A3: 2004
Q4: Along with Williamsburg, what city's rail traffic uses the Main Street Station?
A4: Newport News
Q5: Why does the Main Street Station only receive rail traffic from Newport News and Williamsburg?
A5: track layout
Richmond,_Virginia (Geography and places)

The Richmond area has many major institutions of higher education, including Virginia Commonwealth University (public), University of Richmond (private), Virginia Union University (private), Virginia College (private), South University - Richmond (private, for-profit), Union Theological Seminary & Presbyterian School of Christian Education (private), and the Baptist Theological Seminary in Richmond (BTSR—private). Several community colleges are found in the metro area, including J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College and John Tyler Community College (Chesterfield County). In addition, there are several Technical Colleges in Richmond including ITT Technical Institute, ECPI College of Technology and Centura College. There are several vocational colleges also, such as Fortis College and Bryant Stratton College.

Q1: What type of university is the University of Richmond?
A1: private
Q2: What is a for-profit university in Richmond?
A2: South University - Richmond
Q3: What does BTSR stand for?
A3: Baptist Theological Seminary in Richmond
Q4: Where is John Tyler Community College located?
A4: Chesterfield County
Q5: What is Richmond's public university?
A5: Virginia Commonwealth
Richmond,_Virginia (Geography and places)

The Richmond metro area is served by many local television and radio stations. As of 2010[update], the Richmond-Petersburg designated market area (DMA) is the 58th largest in the U.S. with 553,950 homes according to Nielsen Market Research. The major network television affiliates are WTVR-TV 6 (CBS), WRIC-TV 8 (ABC), WWBT 12 (NBC), WRLH-TV 35 (Fox), and WUPV 65 (CW). Public Broadcasting Service stations include WCVE-TV 23 and WCVW 57. There are also a wide variety of radio stations in the Richmond area, catering to many different interests, including news, talk radio, and sports, as well as an eclectic mix of musical interests.

Q1: Per Nielsen, how many homes exist in the Richmond-Petersburg DMA?
A1: 553,950
Q2: Where does the Richmind-Petersburg DMA rank in the United States?
A2: 58th
Q3: With what network is WUPV 65 affiliated?
A3: CW
Q4: What type of channel is WCVW 57?
A4: Public Broadcasting
Q5: What Richmond-area station is affiliated with CBS?
A5: WTVR-TV 6
Chicago_Cubs (Sports and recreation)

The Ricketts family acquired a majority interest in the Cubs in 2009, ending the Tribune years. Apparently handcuffed by the Tribune's bankruptcy and the sale of the club to the Ricketts family, the Cubs' quest for a NL Central 3-peat started with notice that there would be less invested into contracts than in previous years. Chicago engaged St. Louis in a see-saw battle for first place into August 2009, but the Cardinals played to a torrid 20–6 pace that month, designating their rivals to battle in the Wild Card race, from which they were eliminated in the season's final week. The Cubs were plagued by injuries in 2009, and were only able to field their Opening Day starting lineup three times the entire season. Third baseman Aramis Ramírez injured his throwing shoulder in an early May game against the Milwaukee Brewers, sidelining him until early July and forcing journeyman players like Mike Fontenot and Aaron Miles into more prominent roles. Additionally, key players like Derrek Lee (who still managed to hit .306 with 35 HR and 111 RBI that season), Alfonso Soriano and Geovany Soto also nursed nagging injuries. The Cubs posted a winning record (83–78) for the third consecutive season, the first time the club had done so since 1972, and a new era of ownership under the Ricketts' family was approved by MLB owners in early October.

Q1: When did the Ricketts family acquire a majority interest in the Cubs?
A1: 2009
Q2: Who did Chicago engage in a see-saw battle for first place into August 2009?
A2: St. Louis
Q3: What plagued the Cubs in 2009?
A3: injuries
Estonia (Geography and places)

The Riigikogu elects and appoints several high officials of the state, including the President of the Republic. In addition to that, the Riigikogu appoints, on the proposal of the President of Estonia, the Chairman of the National Court, the chairman of the board of the Bank of Estonia, the Auditor General, the Legal Chancellor and the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Forces. A member of the Riigikogu has the right to demand explanations from the Government of the Republic and its members. This enables the members of the parliament to observe the activities of the executive power and the above-mentioned high officials of the state.

Q1: Who chooses high state officials of Estonia?
A1: The Riigikogu
Q2: Who does the government have to explain their actions to?
A2: the Riigikogu
Q3: What can the Riigikogu monitor for abuse of influence?
A3: activities of the executive power
Plymouth (History)

The River Plym, which flows off Dartmoor to the north-east, forms a smaller estuary to the east of the city called Cattewater. Plymouth Sound is protected from the sea by the Plymouth Breakwater, in use since 1814. In the Sound is Drake's Island which is seen from Plymouth Hoe, a flat public area on top of limestone cliffs. The Unitary Authority of Plymouth is 79.84 square kilometres (30.83 sq mi). The topography rises from sea level to a height, at Roborough, of about 509 feet (155 m) above Ordnance Datum (AOD).

Q1: What estuary east of Plymouth is part of the River Plym?
A1: Cattewater
Q2: When did the Plymouth Breakwater open?
A2: 1814
Q3: What island is present in Plymouth Sound?
A3: Drake's Island
Q4: How large is the Unitary Authority of Plymouth in square miles?
A4: 30.83
Q5: In meters, what is the highest point in the Plymouth Unitary Authority?
A5: 155
Southampton (Geography and places)

The River Test runs along the western border of the city, separating it from the New Forest. There are bridges over the Test from Southampton, including the road and rail bridges at Redbridge in the south and the M27 motorway to the north. The River Itchen runs through the middle of the city and is bridged in several places. The northernmost bridge, and the first to be built, is at Mansbridge, where the A27 road crosses the Itchen. The original bridge is closed to road traffic, but is still standing and open to pedestrians and cyclists. The river is bridged again at Swaythling, where Woodmill Bridge separates the tidal and non tidal sections of the river. Further south is Cobden Bridge which is notable as it was opened as a free bridge (it was originally named the Cobden Free Bridge), and was never a toll bridge. Downstream of the Cobden Bridge is the Northam Railway Bridge, then the Northam Road Bridge, which was the first major pre-stressed concrete bridge to be constructed in the United Kingdom. The southernmost, and newest, bridge on the Itchen is the Itchen Bridge, which is a toll bridge.

Q1: Along which border of Southampton does the River Test run?
A1: western
Q2: What forest is on the opposite bank of the River Test from Southampton?
A2: New Forest
Q3: What motorway crosses the River Test to the North?
A3: the M27
Q4: Where was the first bridge built across the River Itchen?
A4: Mansbridge
Q5: What bridge at Swaythling crosses at the point between the tidal and non-tidal sections of the River Itchen?
A5: Woodmill Bridge