LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Elevator (History)

Some skyscraper buildings and other types of installation feature a destination operating panel where a passenger registers their floor calls before entering the car. The system lets them know which car to wait for, instead of everyone boarding the next car. In this way, travel time is reduced as the elevator makes fewer stops for individual passengers, and the computer distributes adjacent stops to different cars in the bank. Although travel time is reduced, passenger waiting times may be longer as they will not necessarily be allocated the next car to depart. During the down peak period the benefit of destination control will be limited as passengers have a common destination.

Q1: What function does a "destination operating panel" feature?
A1: a passenger registers their floor calls before entering the car
Q2: What is one benefit of a "destination operating panel"
A2: travel time is reduced as the elevator makes fewer stops for individual passengers
Q3: What is another benefit of a "destination operating panel"?
A3: the computer distributes adjacent stops to different cars in the bank
Q4: What is the downside to a :destination operating panel"?
A4: passenger waiting times may be longer as they will not necessarily be allocated the next car to depart
Friedrich_Hayek (Social sciences and society)

Some socialists such as H. D. Dickinson and Oskar Lange, responded by invoking general equilibrium theory, which they argued disproved Mises's thesis. They noted that the difference between a planned and a free market system lay in who was responsible for solving the equations. They argued, if some of the prices chosen by socialist managers were wrong, gluts or shortages would appear, signalling them to adjust the prices up or down, just as in a free market. Through such a trial and error, a socialist economy could mimic the efficiency of a free market system, while avoiding its many problems.

Q1: What did some socialists bring up as a rebuttal to Hayek's resource distribution argument?
A1: general equilibrium theory
Q2: What did socialists believe equilibrium theory invalidated?
A2: Mises's thesis
Q3: According to those who argued against Hayek, what sets planned and free markets apart is what?
A3: who was responsible for solving the equations
Q4: What type of economic system did the socialists want to avoid?
A4: free market
ASCII (Engineering and technology)

Some software assigned special meanings to ASCII characters sent to the software from the terminal. Operating systems from Digital Equipment Corporation, for example, interpreted DEL as an input character as meaning "remove previously-typed input character", and this interpretation also became common in Unix systems. Most other systems used BS for that meaning and used DEL to mean "remove the character at the cursor".[citation needed] That latter interpretation is the most common now.[citation needed]

Q1: What did some software do to the ASCII characters?
A1: assigned special meanings
Q2: What interpretation became common in Unix systmes?
A2: interpreted DEL as an input character as meaning "remove previously-typed input character"
Q3: What do most other systmes use the DEL to mean?
A3: remove the character at the cursor
Q4: What did other systmes us for "remove previously-typed input character"?
A4: BS
Bacteria (Natural sciences)

Some species of bacteria kill and then consume other microorganisms, these species are called predatory bacteria. These include organisms such as Myxococcus xanthus, which forms swarms of cells that kill and digest any bacteria they encounter. Other bacterial predators either attach to their prey in order to digest them and absorb nutrients, such as Vampirovibrio chlorellavorus, or invade another cell and multiply inside the cytosol, such as Daptobacter. These predatory bacteria are thought to have evolved from saprophages that consumed dead microorganisms, through adaptations that allowed them to entrap and kill other organisms.

Q1: Why are certain bacteria called predatory?
A1: bacteria kill and then consume other microorganisms
Q2: Which way do Vampirovibrio absorb nutrients of other microorganisms?
A2: attach to their prey in order to digest them
Q3: What technique do Daptobacter use in order to kill other microorganism?
A3: invade another cell and multiply inside the cytosol
Q4: Where do Daptobacter bacteria come from?
A4: saprophages
Antarctica (Natural sciences)

Some species of marine animals exist and rely, directly or indirectly, on the phytoplankton. Antarctic sea life includes penguins, blue whales, orcas, colossal squids and fur seals. The emperor penguin is the only penguin that breeds during the winter in Antarctica, while the Adélie penguin breeds farther south than any other penguin. The rockhopper penguin has distinctive feathers around the eyes, giving the appearance of elaborate eyelashes. King penguins, chinstrap penguins, and gentoo penguins also breed in the Antarctic.

Q1: What sea plankton doe many sea creatures rely on to live?
A1: phytoplankton
Q2: What breed of penguin lives in Antarctica?
A2: emperor penguin
Q3: During what season does the emperor penguin breed?
A3: winter
Q4: What feature does the rockhopper penguin have around its eyes?
A4: feathers
Q5: Which penguin breeds the furterest south of all the penguin breeds?
A5: Adélie
Insect (Natural sciences)

Some species use vibrations for communicating within members of the same species, such as to attract mates as in the songs of the shield bug Nezara viridula. Vibrations can also be used to communicate between entirely different species; lycaenid (gossamer-winged butterfly) caterpillars which are myrmecophilous (living in a mutualistic association with ants) communicate with ants in this way. The Madagascar hissing cockroach has the ability to press air through its spiracles to make a hissing noise as a sign of aggression; the Death's-head Hawkmoth makes a squeaking noise by forcing air out of their pharynx when agitated, which may also reduce aggressive worker honey bee behavior when the two are in close proximity.

Q1: What are used by insects to communicate with members of the same species?
A1: vibrations
Q2: Vibrations are used to communicate with members of the same species, and what other species?
A2: different species
Q3: Which insects has a song to attract males from the same species?
A3: Nezara viridula
Q4: What is a lycaenid caterpillar? 
A4: gossamer-winged butterfly
Q5: Living in association with ants is called what?
A5: myrmecophilous
Bird (Natural sciences)

Some species, including frigatebirds, gulls, and skuas, engage in kleptoparasitism, stealing food items from other birds. Kleptoparasitism is thought to be a supplement to food obtained by hunting, rather than a significant part of any species' diet; a study of great frigatebirds stealing from masked boobies estimated that the frigatebirds stole at most 40% of their food and on average stole only 5%. Other birds are scavengers; some of these, like vultures, are specialised carrion eaters, while others, like gulls, corvids, or other birds of prey, are opportunists.

Q1: What is the term for stealing food items from other birds?
A1: kleptoparasitism
Q2: What is kleptoparasitism?
A2: stealing food items from other birds
Q3: A vulture is what type of bird?
A3: scavengers
Law_of_the_United_States (Social sciences and society)

Some states distinguish between two levels: felonies and misdemeanors (minor crimes). Generally, most felony convictions result in lengthy prison sentences as well as subsequent probation, large fines, and orders to pay restitution directly to victims; while misdemeanors may lead to a year or less in jail and a substantial fine. To simplify the prosecution of traffic violations and other relatively minor crimes, some states have added a third level, infractions. These may result in fines and sometimes the loss of one's driver's license, but no jail time.

Q1: What two levels of crime are there?
A1: felonies and misdemeanors
Q2: What is a misdemeanor?
A2: minor crimes
Q3: What results in lengthy prison sentences as well as subsequent probation, large fines, and orders to pay restitution directly to victims?
A3: felony convictions
Q4: What usually happens with misdemeanors?
A4: a year or less in jail and a substantial fine
Q5: What is a third level of crime that some states have adopted?
A5: infractions
Prime_minister (Social sciences and society)

Some states, however, do have a term of office of the prime minister linked to the period in office of the parliament. Hence the Irish Taoiseach is formally 'renominated' after every general election. (Some constitutional experts have questioned whether this process is actually in keeping with the provisions of the Irish constitution, which appear to suggest that a taoiseach should remain in office, without the requirement of a renomination, unless s/he has clearly lost the general election.) The position of prime minister is normally chosen from the political party that commands majority of seats in the lower house of parliament.

Q1: What is the name of the prime ministerial position in Ireland?
A1: Taoiseach
Q2: From where is the Irish prime minister usually selected?
A2: the political party that commands majority of seats in the lower house of parliament
Q3: When is the Irish Taoiseach renominated?
A3: after every general election
CBC_Television (History)

Some stations that broadcast from smaller cities are private affiliates of the CBC, that is, stations which are owned by commercial broadcasters but predominantly incorporate CBC programming within their schedules. Such stations generally follow the CBC schedule, airing a minimum 40 hours per week of network programming. However, they may opt out of some CBC programming in order to air locally produced programs, syndicated series or programs purchased from other broadcasters, such as CTV Two, which do not have a broadcast outlet in the same market. In these cases, the CBC programming being displaced may be broadcast at a different time than the network, or may not be broadcast on the station at all. Most private affiliates generally opt out of CBC's afternoon schedule and Thursday night arts programming. Private affiliates carry the 10 p.m. broadcast of The National as a core part of the CBC schedule, but generally omitted the 11 p.m. repeat (which is no longer broadcast). Most private affiliates produce their own local newscasts for a duration of at least 35 minutes. Some of the private affiliates have begun adding CBC's overnight programming to their schedules since the network began broadcasting 24 hours a day.

Q1: What are private affiliates?
A1: stations which are owned by commercial broadcasters but predominantly incorporate CBC programming within their schedules
Q2: Minimally, how many hours are devoted weekly to network programming in CBC's private affiliates?
A2: 40
Q3: Which broadcast do affiliates generally carry?
A3: 10 p.m
Railway_electrification_system (Engineering and technology)

Some street trams (streetcars) used conduit third-rail current collection. The third rail was below street level. The tram picked up the current through a plough (U.S. "plow") accessed through a narrow slot in the road. In the United States, much (though not all) of the former streetcar system in Washington, D.C. (discontinued in 1962) was operated in this manner to avoid the unsightly wires and poles associated with electric traction. The same was true with Manhattan's former streetcar system. The evidence of this mode of running can still be seen on the track down the slope on the northern access to the abandoned Kingsway Tramway Subway in central London, United Kingdom, where the slot between the running rails is clearly visible, and on P and Q Streets west of Wisconsin Avenue in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington DC, where the abandoned tracks have not been paved over. The slot can easily be confused with the similar looking slot for cable trams/cars (in some cases, the conduit slot was originally a cable slot). The disadvantage of conduit collection included much higher initial installation costs, higher maintenance costs, and problems with leaves and snow getting in the slot. For this reason, in Washington, D.C. cars on some lines converted to overhead wire on leaving the city center, a worker in a "plough pit" disconnecting the plough while another raised the trolley pole (hitherto hooked down to the roof) to the overhead wire. In New York City for the same reasons of cost and operating efficiency outside of Manhattan overhead wire was used. A similar system of changeover from conduit to overhead wire was also used on the London tramways, notably on the southern side; a typical changeover point was at Norwood, where the conduit snaked sideways from between the running rails, to provide a park for detached shoes or ploughs.

Q1: What is the other name for the street trams?
A1: streetcars
Q2: Where is third rail situated in the street trams system?
A2: below street level
Q3: What area in US discontinued using overhead wires for streetcars in 1962?
A3: Washington, D.C.
Q4: What external and weather factors can effect conduit slot?
A4: leaves and snow
Q5: What are the main reasons the conduit lines were converted to overhead  wire system?
A5: cost and operating efficiency
Black_people (Language and literature)

Some succeeded their fathers as rulers, such as Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur, who ruled Morocco from 1578 to 1608. He was not technically considered as a mixed-race child of a slave; his mother was Fulani and a concubine of his father. Such tolerance for black persons, even when technically "free", was not so common in Morocco. The long association of sub-Saharan peoples as slaves is shown in the term abd (Arabic: عبد‎,) (meaning "slave"); it is still frequently used in the Arabic-speaking world as a term for black people.

Q1: Who was the ruler in Morocco?
A1: Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur
Q2: When did Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur rule?
A2: from 1578 to 1608
Q3: What ethnicity was his mother?
A3: Fulani
Q4: What Arabic term is still used for black people?
A4: (Arabic: عبد‎,) (meaning "slave")
Q5: Who still had the term "slave" used in reference to them?
A5: sub-Saharan peoples
Symbiosis (Natural sciences)

Some symbiotic relationships are obligate, meaning that both symbionts entirely depend on each other for survival. For example, many lichens consist of fungal and photosynthetic symbionts that cannot live on their own. Others are facultative (optional): they can, but do not have to live with the other organism.

Q1: What is the type of symbiotic relationship where two organisms can't survive without each other?
A1: obligate
Q2: What is the type of symbiotic relationship where the symbionts can live together but can also survive alone?
A2: facultative
Q3: What is an example of an obligate relationship?
A3: lichens
Videoconferencing (History)

Some systems are capable of multipoint conferencing with no MCU, stand-alone, embedded or otherwise. These use a standards-based H.323 technique known as "decentralized multipoint", where each station in a multipoint call exchanges video and audio directly with the other stations with no central "manager" or other bottleneck. The advantages of this technique are that the video and audio will generally be of higher quality because they don't have to be relayed through a central point. Also, users can make ad-hoc multipoint calls without any concern for the availability or control of an MCU. This added convenience and quality comes at the expense of some increased network bandwidth, because every station must transmit to every other station directly.

Q1: What do systems with no MCU use in order to perform multipoint conferencing?
A1: a standards-based H.323 technique
Q2: What is one advantage of using an H.323 technique?
A2: higher quality
Q3: What is one disadvantage of using the H.323 technique?
A3: increased network bandwidth
Q4: What is the H.323 technique also known as?
A4: decentralized multipoint
Q5: Why is the video and audio of the H.323 technique higher quality?
A5: they don't have to be relayed through a central point
Education (Philosophy and religion)

Some theories propose that all individuals benefit from a variety of learning modalities, while others suggest that individuals may have preferred learning styles, learning more easily through visual or kinesthetic experiences. A consequence of the latter theory is that effective teaching should present a variety of teaching methods which cover all three learning modalities so that different students have equal opportunities to learn in a way that is effective for them. Guy Claxton has questioned the extent that learning styles such as Visual, Auditory and Kinesthetic(VAK) are helpful, particularly as they can have a tendency to label children and therefore restrict learning. Recent research has argued "there is no adequate evidence base to justify incorporating learning styles assessments into general educational practice."

Q1: What do some theories believe?
A1: that all individuals benefit from a variety of learning modalities
Q2: What should be included in effective teaching?
A2: teaching methods which cover all three learning modalities
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) (Philosophy and religion)

Some titles have a Biblical basis, for instance the title Queen Mother has been given to Mary since she was the mother of Jesus, who was sometimes referred to as the "King of Kings" due to his lineage of King David. The biblical basis for the term Queen can be seen in the Gospel of Luke 1:32 and the Book of Isaiah 9:6, and Queen Mother from 1 Kings 2:19-20 and Jeremiah 13:18-19. Other titles have arisen from reported miracles, special appeals or occasions for calling on Mary, e.g., Our Lady of Good Counsel, Our Lady of Navigators or Our Lady of Ransom who protects captives.

Q1: Jesus was known as the "King of Kings" because of his lieage from who?
A1: King David
Q2: Which name is given to Mary because of her role as a protector of captives?
A2: Our Lady of Ransom
Q3: Who was the mother of Jesus?
A3: Mary
Q4: Which New Testament book provides a basis for the term Queen when referring to Mary?
A4: Luke
Group_(mathematics) (Mathematics)

Some topological spaces may be endowed with a group law. In order for the group law and the topology to interweave well, the group operations must be continuous functions, that is, g • h, and g−1 must not vary wildly if g and h vary only little. Such groups are called topological groups, and they are the group objects in the category of topological spaces. The most basic examples are the reals R under addition, (R ∖ {0}, ·), and similarly with any other topological field such as the complex numbers or p-adic numbers. All of these groups are locally compact, so they have Haar measures and can be studied via harmonic analysis. The former offer an abstract formalism of invariant integrals. Invariance means, in the case of real numbers for example:

Q1: What group operations must occur for group law and topology to integrate well?
A1: continuous functions
Q2: What is the most simple example of topological groups?
A2: reals R under addition, (R ∖ {0}, ·),
Q3: What variables do locally compact groups share that can be studied by harmonic analysis?
A3: Haar measures
Energy (Natural sciences)

Some types of energy are a varying mix of both potential and kinetic energy. An example is mechanical energy which is the sum of (usually macroscopic) kinetic and potential energy in a system. Elastic energy in materials is also dependent upon electrical potential energy (among atoms and molecules), as is chemical energy, which is stored and released from a reservoir of electrical potential energy between electrons, and the molecules or atomic nuclei that attract them.[need quotation to verify].The list is also not necessarily complete. Whenever physical scientists discover that a certain phenomenon appears to violate the law of energy conservation, new forms are typically added that account for the discrepancy.

Q1: What is dependent upon electrical potential energy?
A1: Elastic energy in materials
Q2: Where is chemical energy stored and released?
A2: from a reservoir of electrical potential energy between electrons
Q3: Some types of energy are a varying mix of potential and what other kind of energy?
A3: kinetic
Elevator (History)

Some types of residential elevators do not use a traditional elevator shaft, machine room, and elevator hoistway. This allows an elevator to be installed where a traditional elevator may not fit, and simplifies installation. The ASME board first approved machine-room-less systems in a revision of the ASME A17.1 in 2007. Machine-room-less elevators have been available commercially since the mid 1990s, however cost and overall size prevented their adoption to the residential elevator market until around 2010.

Q1: What types of elevators occassionaly do not use a traditional elevator shaft, machine room or hoistway?
A1: residential
Q2: What benefits does this serve?
A2: allows an elevator to be installed where a traditional elevator may not fit, and simplifies installation
Q3: In what year were Machine-room-less elevators first allowed?
A3: 2007
Q4: This decision reflected a revision of what?
A4: the ASME A17.1
Data_compression (Engineering and technology)

Some video compression schemes typically operate on square-shaped groups of neighboring pixels, often called macroblocks. These pixel groups or blocks of pixels are compared from one frame to the next, and the video compression codec sends only the differences within those blocks. In areas of video with more motion, the compression must encode more data to keep up with the larger number of pixels that are changing. Commonly during explosions, flames, flocks of animals, and in some panning shots, the high-frequency detail leads to quality decreases or to increases in the variable bitrate.

Q1: What compression typically operate on square-shaped groups of pixels?
A1: video
Q2: What only sends the differences within those pixels and blocks?
A2: macroblocks
Q3: What does high-frequency detail lead to?
A3: variable bitrate
Gene (Natural sciences)

Some viruses store their entire genomes in the form of RNA, and contain no DNA at all. Because they use RNA to store genes, their cellular hosts may synthesize their proteins as soon as they are infected and without the delay in waiting for transcription. On the other hand, RNA retroviruses, such as HIV, require the reverse transcription of their genome from RNA into DNA before their proteins can be synthesized. RNA-mediated epigenetic inheritance has also been observed in plants and very rarely in animals.

Q1: In what form do some viruses store their entire genome?
A1: in the form of RNA
Q2: Why do the cellular hosts of some viruses not have to wait for transcription to synthesize their proteins?
A2: Because they use RNA to store genes
Q3: What is one type of an RNA retrovirus?
A3: HIV
Q4: What sort of transcription does the genome of HIV require before its proteins can be synthesized?
A4: reverse transcription
Q5: Besides viruses, where has RNA-mediated epigenetic inheritance been observed?
A5: in plants and very rarely in animals