LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Macintosh (Engineering and technology)

Compaq, who had previously held the third place spot among PC manufacturers during the 1980s and early-mid 1990s, initiated a successful price war in 1994 that vaulted them to the biggest by the year end, overtaking a struggling IBM and relegating Apple to third place. Apple's market share further struggled due to the release of the Windows 95 operating system, which unified Microsoft's formerly separate MS-DOS and Windows products. Windows 95 significantly enhanced the multimedia capability and performance of IBM PC compatible computers, and brought the capabilities of Windows to parity with the Mac OS GUI.

Q1: Who initiated a successful price war among PC manufacturers in 1994?
A1: Compaq
Q2: Who did Compaq overtake in the price war of 1994?
A2: IBM
Q3: What happened to Apple's market share with the release of Windows 95?
A3: struggled
Q4: What unified Microsoft's MS-DOS and Windows products?
A4: Windows 95
Q5: What significantly enhanced the multimedia capability of IBM PC compatible computers?
A5: Windows 95
Serbo-Croatian (Language and literature)

Comparative and historical linguistics offers some clues for memorising the accent position: If one compares many standard Serbo-Croatian words to e.g. cognate Russian words, the accent in the Serbo-Croatian word will be one syllable before the one in the Russian word, with the rising tone. Historically, the rising tone appeared when the place of the accent shifted to the preceding syllable (the so-called "Neoshtokavian retraction"), but the quality of this new accent was different – its melody still "gravitated" towards the original syllable. Most Shtokavian dialects (Neoshtokavian) dialects underwent this shift, but Chakavian, Kajkavian and the Old Shtokavian dialects did not.

Q1: What is the term used when shifing the acent to the next preceding syllable?
A1: "Neoshtokavian retraction"
Q2: Which dialects did not follow the Neoshtokavian retraction?
A2: Chakavian, Kajkavian and the Old Shtokavian
Q3: Where can one look for memorization clues concerning accent positions?
A3: Comparative and historical linguistics
Adolescence (Natural sciences)

Compared to children, adolescents are more likely to question others' assertions, and less likely to accept facts as absolute truths. Through experience outside the family circle, they learn that rules they were taught as absolute are in fact relativistic. They begin to differentiate between rules instituted out of common sense—not touching a hot stove—and those that are based on culturally-relative standards (codes of etiquette, not dating until a certain age), a delineation that younger children do not make. This can lead to a period of questioning authority in all domains.

Q1: Are children or adolescents more likely to question assertions and less likely to accept facts?
A1: adolescents
Q2: Is not dating until a certain age a common sense or culturally-relative standard?
A2: culturally-relative
Q3: Is refraining from touching a hot stoce a common sense or culturally-relative standard?
A3: common sense
Namibia (Social sciences and society)

Compared to neighbouring countries, Namibia has a large degree of media freedom. Over the past years, the country usually ranked in the upper quarter of the Press Freedom Index of Reporters without Borders, reaching position 21 in 2010, being on par with Canada and the best-positioned African country. The African Media Barometer shows similarly positive results.[citation needed] However, as in other countries, there is still mentionable influence of representatives of state and economy on media in Namibia. In 2009, Namibia dropped to position 36 on the Press Freedom Index. In 2013, it was 19th. In 2014 it ranked 22nd 

Q1: Compared to neighbouring countries, what freedom does Namibia have?
A1: media
Q2: Namibia is on par with what country in terms of media and reporting?
A2: Canada
Q3: Where was Namibia ranked on Press Freedom in 2009?
A3: 36
Q4: Where was Namibia ranked on Press Freedom in 2013?
A4: 19th
Q5: Where was Namibia ranked on Press Freedom in 2014?
A5: 22nd
Exhibition_game (Sports and recreation)

Compared to other team sports, the National Football League preseason is very structured. Every NFL team plays exactly four pre-season exhibition games a year, two at home and two away, with the exception of two teams each year who play a fifth game, the Pro Football Hall of Fame Game. These exhibition games, most of which are held in the month of August, are played for the purpose of helping coaches narrow down the roster from the offseason limit of 90 players to the regular-season limit of 53 players. While the scheduling formula is not as rigid for preseason games as they are for the regular season, there are numerous restrictions and traditions that limit the choices of preseason opponents; teams are also restricted on what days and times they can play these games. Split-squad games, a practice common in baseball and hockey, where a team that is scheduled to play two games on the same day splits their team into two squads, are prohibited. The NFL has played exhibition games in Europe, Japan, Canada, Australia (including the American Bowl in 1999) and Mexico to spread the league's popularity (a game of this type was proposed for China but, due to financial and logistical problems, was eventually canceled). The league has tacitly forbidden the playing of non-league opponents, with the last interleague game having come in 1972 and the last game against a team other than an NFL team (the all-NFL rookie College All-Stars) was held in 1976. Exhibition games are quite unpopular with many fans, who resent having to pay regular-season prices for two home exhibition games as part of a season-ticket package. Numerous lawsuits have been brought by fans and classes of fans against the NFL or its member teams regarding this practice, but none have been successful in halting it.[citation needed] The Pro Bowl, traditionally played after the end of the NFL season (since 2011 is played the week prior to the Super Bowl), is also considered an exhibition game.

Q1: How many preseason exhibition games does an NFL team play?
A1: four
Q2: What is the one exception to the NFL's 4-preseason-game limit?
A2: the Pro Football Hall of Fame Game
Q3: What month are most NFL preseason games in?
A3: August
Q4: How many players can an NFL team have in the off-season?
A4: 90
Q5: How many players can an NFL team have in the regular season?
A5: 53
Mesozoic (History)

Compared to the vigorous convergent plate mountain-building of the late Paleozoic, Mesozoic tectonic deformation was comparatively mild. The sole major Mesozoic orogeny occurred in what is now the Arctic, creating the Innuitian orogeny, the Brooks Range, the Verkhoyansk and Cherskiy Ranges in Siberia, and the Khingan Mountains in Manchuria. This orogeny was related to the opening of the Arctic Ocean and subduction of the North China and Siberian cratons under the Pacific Ocean. Nevertheless, the era featured the dramatic rifting of the supercontinent Pangaea. Pangaea gradually split into a northern continent, Laurasia, and a southern continent, Gondwana. This created the passive continental margin that characterizes most of the Atlantic coastline (such as along the U.S. East Coast) today.

Q1: At what time was tectonic formation mild?
A1: Mesozoic
Q2: Where did the basic geological changes of this period occur?
A2: Arctic
Q3: What supercontinent split to form two smaller continents?
A3: Pangaea
Q4: What was the northern continent split from Pangaea?
A4: Laurasia
Q5: What was Pangaea's southern continent called?
A5: Gondwana
Grape (Natural sciences)

Comparing diets among Western countries, researchers have discovered that although the French tend to eat higher levels of animal fat, the incidence of heart disease remains low in France. This phenomenon has been termed the French paradox, and is thought to occur from protective benefits of regularly consuming red wine. Apart from potential benefits of alcohol itself, including reduced platelet aggregation and vasodilation, polyphenols (e.g., resveratrol) mainly in the grape skin provide other suspected health benefits, such as:

Q1: What do people in France eat more of that in most western countries?
A1: animal fat
Q2: What kind of the wine is regularly consumed by the French?
A2: red wine
Q3: What is the phenomenon that shows that the French have less heart disease, even though they eat more animal fat?
A3: the French paradox
Q4: What is a potential health benefit from drinking alcohol?
A4: vasodilation
Translation (Language and literature)

Comparison of a back-translation with the original text is sometimes used as a check on the accuracy of the original translation, much as the accuracy of a mathematical operation is sometimes checked by reversing the operation. But the results of such reverse-translation operations, while useful as approximate checks, are not always precisely reliable. Back-translation must in general be less accurate than back-calculation because linguistic symbols (words) are often ambiguous, whereas mathematical symbols are intentionally unequivocal.

Q1: What is sometimes used to check the accuracy of a translation?
A1: Comparison of a back-translation with the original text
Q2: How are mathematical operations checked?
A2: by reversing the operation
Q3: What operations are results from not always completely reliable?
A3: reverse-translation operations
Q4: What symbol set has a defining property of ambiguity?
A4: linguistic
Q5: What symbol set has the property of being intentionally unequivocal?
A5: mathematical
Carnival (Philosophy and religion)

Comparsas are held throughout the week, consisting of large groups "of dancers dancing and traveling on the streets, followed by a Carrosa (carriage) where the musicians play. The Comparsa is a development of African processions where groups of devotees follow a given saint or deity during a particular religious celebration". One of the most popular comparsas of Fiesta de Carnaval is the male group comparsa, usually composed of notable men from the community who dress up in outlandish costumes or cross-dress and dance to compete for money and prizes. Other popular activities include body painting and flour fighting. "On the last day of Carnival painters flood the street to paint each other. This simply means that a mixture of water paint and water or raw eggs is used to paint people on the streets, the goal being to paint as many people as you can".

Q1: What's the name of the vehicle where the musicians play?
A1: a Carrosa
Q2: What do devotees follow during a particular religious celebration?
A2: a given saint or deity
Q3: Who are usually included the group comparsa?
A3: notable men from the community
Q4: What is used in some of the festive fights?
A4: flour
Q5: What is the goal of the Carnival painters?
A5: to paint as many people as you can
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System (Engineering and technology)

Compass-M1 is an experimental satellite launched for signal testing and validation and for the frequency filing on 14 April 2007. The role of Compass-M1 for Compass is similar to the role of the GIOVE satellites for the Galileo system. The orbit of Compass-M1 is nearly circular, has an altitude of 21,150 km and an inclination of 55.5 degrees.

Q1: When was the Compass-M1 satellite launched?
A1: 14 April 2007
Q2: What is the purpose of the Compass-M1 satellite?
A2: for signal testing and validation and for the frequency filing
Q3: The purpose of the Compass-M1 satellite is similar to the purpose of what other satellite?
A3: the GIOVE satellites for the Galileo system
Q4: What is the altitude of the Compass-M1 satellite?
A4: 21,150 km
Q5: What is the inclination of the Compass-M1 satellite?
A5: 55.5 degrees
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System (Engineering and technology)

Compass-M1 transmits in 3 bands: E2, E5B, and E6. In each frequency band two coherent sub-signals have been detected with a phase shift of 90 degrees (in quadrature). These signal components are further referred to as "I" and "Q". The "I" components have shorter codes and are likely to be intended for the open service. The "Q" components have much longer codes, are more interference resistive, and are probably intended for the restricted service. IQ modulation has been the method in both wired and wireless digital modulation since morsetting carrier signal 100 years ago.

Q1: What frequency bands does Compass-M1 transmit in?
A1: E2, E5B, and E6
Q2: What is the phase shift of the sub-signals detected in each frequency band used by  Compass-M1?
A2: 90 degrees (in quadrature)
Q3: What are the two sub-signals in each frequency band referred to as?
A3: "I" and "Q"
Q4: What is the intended purpose of the "I" component?
A4: likely to be intended for the open service
Q5: What is the intended purpose of the "Q" component?
A5: probably intended for the restricted service
Nonprofit_organization (Social sciences and society)

Competition for employees with the public and private sector is another problem that Nonprofit organizations will inevitably face, particularly for management positions. There are reports of major talent shortages in the nonprofit sector today regarding newly graduated workers, and NPOs have for too long relegated hiring to a secondary priority, which could be why they find themselves in the position many do. While many established NPO's are well-funded and comparative to their public sector competetitors, many more are independent and must be creative with which incentives they use to attract and maintain vibrant personalities. The initial interest for many is the wage and benefits package, though many who have been questioned after leaving an NPO have reported that it was stressful work environments and implacable work that drove them away.

Q1: What problems with employment do Non Profits face?
A1: Competition for employees with the public and private sector
Q2: What are positions that employees really want, but there are never enough of?
A2: management
Q3: How important do NPOs consider hiring?
A3: secondary priority
Q4: What is a primary interest to prospective NPO employees?
A4: wage and benefits package
Q5: How do employees that are no longer with NPOs feel about the time that they worked there?
A5: stressful work environments and implacable work that drove them away
Infection (Natural sciences)

Complex serological techniques have been developed into what are known as Immunoassays. Immunoassays can use the basic antibody – antigen binding as the basis to produce an electro - magnetic or particle radiation signal, which can be detected by some form of instrumentation. Signal of unknowns can be compared to that of standards allowing quantitation of the target antigen. To aid in the diagnosis of infectious diseases, immunoassays can detect or measure antigens from either infectious agents or proteins generated by an infected organism in response to a foreign agent. For example, immunoassay A may detect the presence of a surface protein from a virus particle. Immunoassay B on the other hand may detect or measure antibodies produced by an organism's immune system that are made to neutralize and allow the destruction of the virus.

Q1: What are immunoassays?
A1: Complex serological techniques
Q2: What type of signal do immunoassays produce?
A2: electro - magnetic or particle radiation
Q3: What allows quantitation of the target antigen?
A3: unknowns can be compared to that of standards
Q4: Immunoassays are able to detect what type of proteins?
A4: generated by an infected organism in response to a foreign agent
Classical_music (Music)

Composers of classical music have often made use of folk music (music created by musicians who are commonly not classically trained, often from a purely oral tradition). Some composers, like Dvořák and Smetana, have used folk themes to impart a nationalist flavor to their work, while others like Bartók have used specific themes lifted whole from their folk-music origins.

Q1: Folk musicians are not commonly what?
A1: classically trained
Q2: What music comes from those commonly trained by oral tradition?
A2: folk music
Q3: Dovrak has used what type of themes to impart a nationalist flavor?
A3: folk
Q4: Who used specific themes lifted from folk-music?
A4: Bartók
Hydrogen (Natural sciences)

Compounds of hydrogen are often called hydrides, a term that is used fairly loosely. The term "hydride" suggests that the H atom has acquired a negative or anionic character, denoted H−, and is used when hydrogen forms a compound with a more electropositive element. The existence of the hydride anion, suggested by Gilbert N. Lewis in 1916 for group I and II salt-like hydrides, was demonstrated by Moers in 1920 by the electrolysis of molten lithium hydride (LiH), producing a stoichiometry quantity of hydrogen at the anode. For hydrides other than group I and II metals, the term is quite misleading, considering the low electronegativity of hydrogen. An exception in group II hydrides is BeH
2, which is polymeric. In lithium aluminium hydride, the AlH−
4 anion carries hydridic centers firmly attached to the Al(III).

Q1:  Who suggested that hydride anions existed?character does the H atom have in a hydride?
A1: Gilbert N. Lewis
Q2: What group of hydrides is BEH considered polymeric?
A2: group II
Copper (History)

Compounds that contain a carbon-copper bond are known as organocopper compounds. They are very reactive towards oxygen to form copper(I) oxide and have many uses in chemistry. They are synthesized by treating copper(I) compounds with Grignard reagents, terminal alkynes or organolithium reagents; in particular, the last reaction described produces a Gilman reagent. These can undergo substitution with alkyl halides to form coupling products; as such, they are important in the field of organic synthesis. Copper(I) acetylide is highly shock-sensitive but is an intermediate in reactions such as the Cadiot-Chodkiewicz coupling and the Sonogashira coupling. Conjugate addition to enones and carbocupration of alkynes can also be achieved with organocopper compounds. Copper(I) forms a variety of weak complexes with alkenes and carbon monoxide, especially in the presence of amine ligands.

Q1: What are compounds that have a carbon-copper bond called?
A1: organocopper compounds
Q2: What does organocopper compounds reactions toward oxygen form?
A2: copper(I) oxide
Q3: What is produced when copper compounds are treated with organolithium reagents?
A3: Gilman reagent
Q4: Coupling products can be made by substituting Gilman reagent with what?
A4: alkyl halides
Q5: Which form of copper is shock sensitive?
A5: Copper(I) acetylide
Comprehensive_school (Social sciences and society)

Comprehensive schools are primarily about providing an entitlement curriculum to all children, without selection whether due to financial considerations or attainment. A consequence of that is a wider ranging curriculum, including practical subjects such as design and technology and vocational learning, which were less common or non-existent in grammar schools. Providing post-16 education cost-effectively becomes more challenging for smaller comprehensive schools, because of the number of courses needed to cover a broader curriculum with comparatively fewer students. This is why schools have tended to get larger and also why many local authorities have organised secondary education into 11–16 schools, with the post-16 provision provided by Sixth Form colleges and Further Education Colleges. Comprehensive schools do not select their intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude, but there are demographic reasons why the attainment profiles of different schools vary considerably. In addition, government initiatives such as the City Technology Colleges and Specialist schools programmes have made the comprehensive ideal less certain.

Q1: What are some areas of learning in comprehensive schools that were not found often in grammar schools?
A1: design and technology and vocational learning
Q2: What two kinds of schools were developed in response to the costs of post-16 comprehensive school education?
A2: Sixth Form colleges and Further Education Colleges
Q3: Which types of school projects have called the model of comprehensive schools into question?
A3: City Technology Colleges and Specialist schools programmes
Comprehensive_school (Social sciences and society)

Comprehensive schools have been accused of grade inflation after a study revealed that Gymnasium senior students of average mathematical ability found themselves at the very bottom of their class and had an average grade of "Five", which means "Failed". Gesamtschule senior students of average mathematical ability found themselves in the upper half of their class and had an average grade of "Three Plus". When a central Abitur examination was established in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, it was revealed that Gesamtschule students did worse than could be predicted by their grades or class rank. Barbara Sommer (Christian Democratic Union), Education Minister of North Rhine-Westphalia, commented that: Looking at the performance gap between comprehensives and the Gymnasium [at the Abitur central examination] [...] it is difficult to understand why the Social Democratic Party of Germany wants to do away with the Gymnasium. [...] The comprehensives do not help students achieve [...] I am sick and tired of the comprehensive schools blaming their problems on the social class origins of their students. What kind of attitude is this to blame their own students? She also called the Abitur awarded by the Gymnasium the true Abitur and the Abitur awarded by the Gesamtschule "Abitur light". As a reaction, Sigrid Beer (Alliance '90/The Greens) stated that comprehensives were structurally discriminated against by the government, which favoured the Gymnasiums. She also said that many of the students awarded the Abitur by the comprehensives came from "underprivileged groups" and sneering at their performance was a "piece of impudence".

Q1: What type of misconduct have comprehensive schools been alleged of engaging in?
A1: grade inflation
Q2: Which German minister criticized comprehensive schools' ability to help students succeed?
A2: Barbara Sommer
Q3: Which German politician defended comprehensive schools?
A3: Sigrid Beer
Q4: Which party does Barbara Sommer belong to?
A4: Christian Democratic Union
Q5: Which party does Sigrid Beer belong to?
A5: Alliance '90/The Greens
Comprehensive_school (Social sciences and society)

Comprehensive schools were introduced into Ireland in 1966 by an initiative by Patrick Hillery, Minister for Education, to give a broader range of education compared to that of the vocational school system, which was then the only system of schools completely controlled by the state. Until then, education in Ireland was largely dominated by religious persuasion, particularly the voluntary secondary school system was a particular realisation of this. The comprehensive school system is still relatively small and to an extent has been superseded by the community school concept. The Irish word for a comprehensive school is a 'scoil chuimsitheach.'

Q1: When did Ireland first open comprehensive schools?
A1: 1966
Q2: Who was responsible for creating comprehensive schools in Ireland?
A2: Patrick Hillery
Q3: What was the only state-run educational system in Ireland prior to comprehensive schools?
A3: vocational school system
Q4: What type of school has surpassed comprehensive schools in Ireland?
A4: community school