LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Namibia (Social sciences and society)

Namibia extends from 17°S to 25°S: climatically the range of the sub-Tropical High Pressure Belt, arid is the overall climate description descending from the Sub-Humid (mean rain above 500 mm) through Semi-Arid between 300 and 500 mm (embracing most of the waterless Kalahari) and Arid from 150 to 300 mm (these three regions are inland from the western escarpment) to the Hyper-Arid coastal plain with less than a 100 mm mean. Temperature maxima are limited by the overall elevation of the entire region: only in the far south, Warmbad for instance, are mid-40 °C maxima recorded.

Q1: What is the climate range for Namibia?
A1: 17°S to 25°S
Q2: What is the overall climate description for Namibia? 
A2: arid
Q3: What is the mean rain above in Namibia?
A3: 500 mm
Q4: What is the semi-arid measurements in Namibia?
A4: 300 and 500 mm
Q5: What is the arid measurement in Namibia?
A5: 150 to 300 mm
Namibia (Social sciences and society)

Namibia follows a largely independent foreign policy, with persisting affiliations with states that aided the independence struggle, including Cuba. With a small army and a fragile economy, the Namibian Government's principal foreign policy concern is developing strengthened ties within the Southern African region. A dynamic member of the Southern African Development Community, Namibia is a vocal advocate for greater regional integration. Namibia became the 160th member of the UN on 23 April 1990. On its independence it became the fiftieth member of the Commonwealth of Nations.

Q1: Who does Namibia have affiliation with in their foreign policy?
A1: states that aided the independence
Q2: What ties does Namibia want to strengthen?
A2: Southern African
Q3: Which number member is Namibia in the UN?
A3: 160th
Q4: When did Namibia join the UN?
A4: 23 April 1990
Q5: Which number member is Namibia in the Commonwealth of Nations?
A5: fiftieth
Namibia (Social sciences and society)

Namibia has free education for both Primary and secondary education levels. Grades 1–7 are primary level, grades 8–12 secondary. In 1998, there were 400,325 Namibian students in primary school and 115,237 students in secondary schools. The pupil-teacher ratio in 1999 was estimated at 32:1, with about 8% of the GDP being spent on education. Curriculum development, educational research, and professional development of teachers is centrally organised by the National Institute for Educational Development (NIED) in Okahandja.

Q1: What is the cost of primary and secondary education in Namibia?
A1: free
Q2: How many Namibian students were recorded in 1998 in primary school? 
A2: 400,325
Q3: How many Namibian students were recorded in 1998 in secondary schools?
A3: 115,237
Q4: What was the pupil-teacher ratio in Namibia in 1999?
A4: 32:1
Q5: What develops the curriculum as well as other educational resources in Namibia?
A5: National Institute for Educational Development
Namibia (Social sciences and society)

Namibia is one of few countries in the world to specifically address conservation and protection of natural resources in its constitution. Article 95 states, "The State shall actively promote and maintain the welfare of the people by adopting international policies aimed at the following: maintenance of ecosystems, essential ecological processes, and biological diversity of Namibia, and utilisation of living natural resources on a sustainable basis for the benefit of all Namibians, both present and future."

Q1: What does Namibia protect in it's constitution? 
A1: natural resources
Q2: What article in the Namibia constitution supports natural conservation?
A2: Article 95
Q3: What do Namibians believe sustains them?
A3: utilisation of living natural resources
Namibia (Social sciences and society)

Namibia is the driest country in sub-Saharan Africa and depends largely on groundwater. With an average rainfall of about 350 mm per annum, the highest rainfall occurs in the Caprivi in the northeast (about 600 mm per annum) and decreases in a westerly and southwesterly direction to as little as 50 mm and less per annum at the coast. The only perennial rivers are found on the national borders with South Africa, Angola, Zambia, and the short border with Botswana in the Caprivi. In the interior of the country surface water is available only in the summer months when rivers are in flood after exceptional rainfalls. Otherwise, surface water is restricted to a few large storage dams retaining and damming up these seasonal floods and their runoff. Thus, where people don’t live near perennial rivers or make use of the storage dams, they are dependent on groundwater. The advantage of using groundwater sources is that even isolated communities and those economic activities located far from good surface water sources such as mining, agriculture, and tourism can be supplied from groundwater over nearly 80% of the country.

Q1: What is the driest country in sub-Saharan Africa?
A1: Namibia
Q2: What is the average rainfall in Namibia?
A2: 350 mm per annum
Q3: Where does the highest rainfall occur in Namibia?
A3: Caprivi
Q4: How much of the country does dam water supply the rest of the country with? 
A4: 80%
Namibia (Social sciences and society)

Namibia's primary tourism related governing body, the Namibia Tourism Board (NTB), was established by an Act of Parliament: the Namibia Tourism Board Act, 2000 (Act 21 of 2000). Its primary objectives are to regulate the tourism industry and to market Namibia as a tourist destination. There are also a number of trade associations that represent the tourism sector in Namibia, such as the Federation of Namibia Tourism Associations (the umbrella body for all tourism associations in Namibia), the Hospitality Association of Namibia, the Association of Namibian Travel Agents, Car Rental Association of Namibia and the Tour and Safari Association of Namibia.

Q1: What does NTB stand for?
A1: Namibia Tourism Board
Q2: What is act 21 of 2000 in Namibia?
A2: Namibia Tourism Board Act, 2000
Q3: What does act 21 in Namibia regulate?
A3: tourism industry
Q4: What market does Act 21 promote?
A4: tourism
Nanjing (Geography and places)

Nanjing ( listen; Chinese: 南京, "Southern Capital") is the city situated in the heartland of lower Yangtze River region in China, which has long been a major centre of culture, education, research, politics, economy, transport networks and tourism. It is the capital city of Jiangsu province of People's Republic of China and the second largest city in East China, with a total population of 8,216,100, and legally the capital of Republic of China which lost the mainland during the civil war. The city whose name means "Southern Capital" has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having served as the capitals of various Chinese dynasties, kingdoms and republican governments dating from the 3rd century AD to 1949. Prior to the advent of pinyin romanization, Nanjing's city name was spelled as Nanking or Nankin. Nanjing has a number of other names, and some historical names are now used as names of districts of the city, and among them there is the name Jiangning (江寧), whose former character Jiang (江, River) is the former part of the name Jiangsu and latter character Ning (寧, simplified form 宁, Peace) is the short name of Nanjing. When being the capital of a state, for instance, ROC, Jing (京) is adopted as the abbreviation of Nanjing. Although as a city located in southern part of China becoming Chinese national capital as early as in Jin dynasty, the name Nanjing was designated to the city in Ming dynasty, about a thousand years later. Nanjing is particularly known as Jinling (金陵, literally meaning Gold Mountain) and the old name has been used since the Warring States Period in Zhou Dynasty.

Q1: What is the legal capital of the Republic of China?
A1: Nanjing
Q2: What region is Nanjing in?
A2: lower Yangtze River region
Q3: When was the city given the name Nanjing?
A3: Ming dynasty
Q4: When did Nanjing become the Chinese national capital?
A4: Jin dynasty
Q5: What does Nanjing mean?
A5: "Southern Capital"
Nanjing (Geography and places)

Nanjing Library, founded in 1907, houses more than 10 million volumes of printed materials and is the third largest library in China, after the National Library in Beijing and Shanghai Library. Other libraries, such as city-owned Jinling Library and various district libraries, also provide considerable amount of information to citizens. Nanjing University Library is the second largest university libraries in China after Peking University Library, and the fifth largest nationwide, especially in the number of precious collections.

Q1: When was the Nanjing Library completed?
A1: 1907
Q2: What is the Nanjing Library's ranking in China?
A2: the third largest library in China
Q3: How many volumes does the Nanjing Library have?
A3: more than 10 million volumes
Q4: What is the name of the fifth largest library in China?
A4: Nanjing University Library
Q5: Which university library is larger than Nanjing University Library?
A5: Peking University Library
Nanjing (Geography and places)

Nanjing borders Yangzhou to the northeast, one town downstream when following the north bank of the Yangtze, Zhenjiang to the east, one town downstream when following the south bank of the Yangtze, and Changzhou to the southeast. On its western boundary is Anhui province, where Nanjing borders five prefecture-level cities, Chuzhou to the northwest, Wuhu, Chaohu and Maanshan to the west and Xuancheng to the southwest.

Q1: What city is northeast of Nanjing?
A1: Yangzhou
Q2: What is southeast of Nanjing?
A2: Changzhou
Q3: What province is to the west of Nanjing?
A3: Anhui province
Q4: How many prefecture-size cities are in the province of Anhui?
A4: five
Q5: What city is on the border of Nanjing to the East?
A5: Zhenjiang
Nanjing (Geography and places)

Nanjing first became a state capital in 229 AD, when the state of Eastern Wu founded by Sun Quan during the Three Kingdoms period relocated its capital to Jianye (建業), the city extended on the basis of Jinling Yi in 211 AD. Although conquered by the Western Jin dynasty in 280, Nanjing and its neighbouring areas had been well cultivated and developed into one of the commercial, cultural and political centers of China during the rule of East Wu. This city would soon play a vital role in the following centuries.

Q1: When did Nanjing become a state capital?
A1: 229 AD
Q2: Who founded Eastern Wu?
A2: Sun Quan
Q3: When was Eastern Wu founded?
A3: during the Three Kingdoms period
Q4: Who defeated Nanjing and took over in 280?
A4: the Western Jin dynasty
Q5: When was Nanjing extended?
A5: 211 AD
Nanjing (Geography and places)

Nanjing has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) and is under the influence of the East Asian monsoon. The four seasons are distinct, with damp conditions seen throughout the year, very hot and muggy summers, cold, damp winters, and in between, spring and autumn are of reasonable length. Along with Chongqing and Wuhan, Nanjing is traditionally referred to as one of the "Three Furnacelike Cities" along the Yangtze River (长江流域三大火炉) for the perennially high temperatures in the summertime. However, the time from mid-June to the end of July is the plum blossom blooming season in which the meiyu (rainy season of East Asia; literally "plum rain") occurs, during which the city experiences a period of mild rain as well as dampness. Typhoons are uncommon but possible in the late stages of summer and early part of autumn. The annual mean temperature is around 15.46 °C (59.8 °F), with the monthly 24-hour average temperature ranging from 2.4 °C (36.3 °F) in January to 27.8 °C (82.0 °F) in July. Extremes since 1951 have ranged from −14.0 °C (7 °F) on 6 January 1955 to 40.7 °C (105 °F) on 22 August 1959. On average precipitation falls 115 days out of the year, and the average annual rainfall is 1,062 millimetres (42 in). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 37 percent in March to 52 percent in August, the city receives 1,983 hours of bright sunshine annually.

Q1: What type of climate does Nanjing enjoy?
A1: a humid subtropical climate
Q2: What monsoon affects Nanjing?
A2: the East Asian monsoon
Q3: Nanjing is one of three "Furnacelike" cities. What are the other two cities?
A3: Chongqing and Wuhan
Q4: How many days of rain does Nanjing get a year, on average?
A4: 115 days
Q5: How many hours of bright sunshine does Nanjing get each year?
A5: 1,983 hours
Nanjing (Geography and places)

Nanjing has been the educational centre in southern China for more than 1700 years. There are 75 institutions of higher learning till 2013. The number of National key laboratories, National key disciplines and the academicians of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering all rank third in the nation. It boasts some of the most prominent educational institutions in the region, some of which are listed as follows:

Q1: How long has Nanjing been considered the education hub of southern China?
A1: more than 1700 years
Q2: How many places of higher learning are in Nanjing?
A2: 75
Q3: What is Nanjing's nationwide ranking for National key laboratories?
A3: third
Q4: What is Nanjing's nationwide ranking for National key disciplines?
A4: third
Q5: What type of educational institutions are in the area, that Nanjing can brag about?
A5: some of the most prominent
Nanjing (Geography and places)

Nanjing has some of the oldest and finest museums in China. Nanjing Museum, formerly known as National Central Museum during ROC period, is the first modern museum and remains as one of the leading museums in China having 400,000 items in its permanent collection,. The museum is notable for enormous collections of Ming and Qing imperial porcelain, which is among the largest in the world. Other museums include the City Museum of Nanjing in the Chaotian Palace, the Oriental Metropolitan Museum, the China Modern History Museum in the Presidential Palace, the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall, the Taiping Kingdom History Museum, Jiangning Imperial Silk Manufacturing Museum, Nanjing Yunjin Museum, Nanjing City Wall Cultural Museum, Nanjing Customs Museum in Ganxi House, Nanjing Astronomical History Museum, Nanjing Paleontological Museum, Nanjing Geological Museum, Nanjing Riverstones Museum, and other museums and memorials such Zheng He Memorial, Jinling Four Modern Calligraphers Memorial.

Q1: What city contains some of the finest and oldest museums in all of China?
A1: Nanjing
Q2: What is the previous name of the Nanjing Museum?
A2: National Central Museum
Q3: Which museum was the first modern one in China?
A3: Nanjing Museum
Q4: What collections are the Nanjing Museum famous for?
A4: Ming and Qing imperial porcelain
Q5: How many items does the Nanjing Museum contain?
A5: 400,000 items
Nanjing (Geography and places)

Nanjing is an important railway hub in eastern China. It serves as rail junction for the Beijing-Shanghai (Jinghu) (which is itself composed of the old Jinpu and Huning Railways), Nanjing–Tongling Railway (Ningtong), Nanjing–Qidong (Ningqi), and the Nanjing-Xian (Ningxi) which encompasses the Hefei–Nanjing Railway. Nanjing is connected to the national high-speed railway network by Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway and Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu Passenger Dedicated Line, with several more high-speed rail lines under construction.

Q1: Nanjing's railway is important, and is located in what region of China?
A1: eastern China
Q2: What line does Nanjing serve as a railway junction for?
A2: Beijing-Shanghai (Jinghu)
Q3: What lines comprise the Beijing-Shanghai (Jinghu) line?
A3: the old Jinpu and Huning Railways
Q4: What high-speed railway is Nanjing connected to that contains Shanghai?
A4: Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu Passenger Dedicated Line
Q5: What type of railway lines are now under construction?
A5: several more high-speed rail lines
Nanjing (Geography and places)

Nanjing is endowed with rich natural resources, which include more than 40 kinds of minerals. Among them, iron and sulfur reserves make up 40 percent of those of Jiangsu province. Its reserves of strontium rank first in East Asia and the South East Asia region. Nanjing also possesses abundant water resources, both from the Yangtze River and groundwater. In addition, it has several natural hot springs such as Tangshan Hot Spring in Jiangning and Tangquan Hot Spring in Pukou.

Q1: How many types of minerals are found in Nanjing?
A1: 40
Q2: Which minerals comprise 40 percent of those in the province?
A2: iron and sulfur
Q3: For what mineral reserve does Nanjing rank first in both East Asia and the South East Asia areas?
A3: strontium
Q4: What are Nanjing's main water sources?
A4: the Yangtze River and groundwater
Q5: What hot spring is in Jiangning?
A5: Tangshan Hot Spring
Nanjing (Geography and places)

Nanjing is one of the most beautiful cities of mainland China with lush green parks, natural scenic lakes, small mountains, historical buildings and monuments, relics and much more, which attracts thousands of tourists every year.

Q1: Nanjing is considered one of the most pretty cities in what region?
A1: mainland China
Q2: How many tourists does Nanjing receive each year?
A2: thousands
Q3: What type of buildings attract tourists to Nanjing?
A3: historical buildings
Q4: List three natural attractions of Nanjing.
A4: lush green parks, natural scenic lakes, small mountains
Nanjing (Geography and places)

Nanjing is the intersection of Yangtze River, an east-west water transport artery, and Nanjing–Beijing railway, a south-north land transport artery, hence the name “door of the east and west, throat of the south and north”. Furthermore, the west part of the Ningzhen range is in Nanjing; the Loong-like Zhong Mountain is curling in the east of the city; the tiger-like Stone Mountain is crouching in the west of the city, hence the name “the Zhong Mountain, a dragon curling, and the Stone Mountain, a tiger crouching”. Mr. Sun Yet-sen spoke highly of Nanjing in the “Constructive Scheme for Our Country”, “The position of Nanjing is wonderful since mountains, lakes and plains all integrated in it. It is hard to find another city like this.”

Q1: What is the east-west waterway near Nanjing?
A1: Yangtze River
Q2: What is the railway that runs South to North called?
A2: Nanjing–Beijing railway
Q3: What mountain is in the East are of Nanjing?
A3: Zhong Mountain
Q4: What mountain lies in the west of Nanjing?
A4: Stone Mountain
Q5: Stone Mountain is compared to what animal?
A5: tiger
Nanjing (Geography and places)

Nanjing is the transportation hub in eastern China and the downstream Yangtze River area. Different means of transportation constitute a three-dimensional transport system that includes land, water and air. As in most other Chinese cities, public transportation is the dominant mode of travel of the majority of the citizens. As of October 2014, Nanjing had five bridges and two tunnels over the Yangtze River, which are tying districts north of the river with the city centre on the south bank.

Q1: What are the three types of transport in Nanjing?
A1: land, water and air
Q2: What is the most popular method of travel for citizens?
A2: public transportation
Q3: How many bridges does Nanjing have over the Yangtze River?
A3: five
Q4: How many tunnels does Nanjing have over the Yangtze River?
A4: two
Q5: Where is the city centre located?
A5: on the south bank
Nanjing (Geography and places)

Nanjing's airport, Lukou International Airport, serves both national and international flights. In 2013, Nanjing airport handled 15,011,792 passengers and 255,788.6 tonnes of freight. The airport currently has 85 routes to national and international destinations, which include Japan, Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, USA and Germany. The airport is connected by a 29-kilometre (18 mi) highway directly to the city center, and is also linked to various intercity highways, making it accessible to the passengers from the surrounding cities. A railway Ninggao Intercity Line is being built to link the airport with Nanjing South Railway Station. Lukou Airport was opened on 28 June 1997, replacing Nanjing Dajiaochang Airport as the main airport serving Nanjing. Dajiaochang Airport is still used as a military air base.

Q1: What is Nanjing's airport called?
A1: Lukou International Airport
Q2: How many routes does Nanjing's airport run?
A2: 85 routes
Q3: How many passengers did the airport service in 2013?
A3: 15,011,792 passengers
Q4: When did the airport open for business?
A4: 28 June 1997
Q5: What airport was the primary airport before Lukou?
A5: Nanjing Dajiaochang Airport
Nanjing (Geography and places)

Nanjing, one of the nation's most important cities for over a thousand years, is recognized as one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China, and had been the world's largest city aggregately for hundreds of years, enjoyed peace and prosperity and beared wars and disasters. Nanjing served as the capital of Eastern Wu, one of the three major states in the Three Kingdoms period (211-280); the Eastern Jin and each of the Southern Dynasties (Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang and Chen), which successively ruled southern China from 317-589; the Southern Tang, one of the Ten Kingdoms (937-76); the Ming dynasty when, for the first time, all of China was ruled from the city (1368-1421); and the Republic of China (1927–37, 1945–49) prior to its flight to Taiwan during the Chinese Civil War. The city also served as the seat of the rebel Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1851–64) and the Japanese puppet regime of Wang Jingwei (1940–45) during the Second Sino-Japanese War, and suffered appalling atrocities in both conflicts, including the Nanjing Massacre. It has been serving as the capital city of Jiangsu province after the China was established, and is still the nominal capital of Republic of China that accommodates many of its important heritage sites, including the Presidential Palace and Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. Nanjing is famous for human historical landscapes, mountains and waters such as Fuzimiao, Ming Palace, Chaotian Palace, Porcelain Tower, Drum Tower, Stone City, City Wall, Qinhuai River, Xuanwu Lake and Purple Mountain. Key cultural facilities include Nanjing Library, Nanjing Museum and Art Museum.

Q1: How long has Nanjing been important?
A1: over a thousand years
Q2: How many Great Ancient Capitals does China have?
A2: Four
Q3: What city is considered to be the nominal capital of the Republic of China?
A3: Nanjing
Q4: What mausoleum is in Nanjing?
A4: Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum
Q5: What city was the capital of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms era?
A5: Nanjing
Nanjing (Geography and places)

Nanjing, with a total land area of 6,598 square kilometres (2,548 sq mi), is situated in the heartland of drainage area of lower reaches of Yangtze River, and in Yangtze River Delta, one of the largest economic zones of China. The Yangtze River flows past the west side and then north side of Nanjing City, while the Ningzheng Ridge surrounds the north, east and south side of the city. The city is 300 kilometres (190 mi) west-northwest of Shanghai, 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) south-southeast of Beijing, and 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) east-northeast of Chongqing. The downstream Yangtze River flows from Jiujiang, Jiangxi, through Anhui and Jiangsu to East Sea, north to drainage basin of downstream Yangtze is Huai River basin and south to it is Zhe River basin, and they are connected by the Grand Canal east to Nanjing. The area around Nanjing is called Hsiajiang (下江, Downstream River) region, with Jianghuai (江淮) stressing northern part and Jiangzhe (江浙) stressing southern part. The region is also known as Dongnan (東南, South East, the Southeast) and Jiangnan (江南, River South, south of Yangtze).

Q1: How large is Nanjing, in miles?
A1: 2,548 sq mi
Q2: Where does the Yangtze River flow in Nanjing?
A2: past the west side and then north side
Q3: How far is Nanjing from Shanghai, in miles?
A3: 190 mi
Q4: How far is Nanjing from Beijing?
A4: 750 mi
Q5: What is the name of the area of land around Nanjing?
A5: Hsiajiang (下江, Downstream River) region