LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser (History)

During Mubarak's presidency, Nasserist political parties began to emerge in Egypt, the first being the Arab Democratic Nasserist Party (ADNP). The party carried minor political influence, and splits between its members beginning in 1995 resulted in the gradual establishment of splinter parties, including Hamdeen Sabahi's 1997 founding of Al-Karama. Sabahi came in third place during the 2012 presidential election. Nasserist activists were among the founders of Kefaya, a major opposition force during Mubarak's rule. On 19 September 2012, four Nasserist parties (the ADNP, Karama, the National Conciliation Party, and the Popular Nasserist Congress Party) merged to form the United Nasserist Party.

Q1: What type of political parties came about when Mubarek was president?
A1: Nasserist
Q2: What was the first Nasserist political party?
A2: Arab Democratic Nasserist Party
Q3: What party came in third in the 2013 election?
A3: Sabahi
Q4: What consolated party was formed from several Nasserist groups?
A4: United Nasserist Party
Egypt (Geography and places)

During Mubarak's reign, the political scene was dominated by the National Democratic Party, which was created by Sadat in 1978. It passed the 1993 Syndicates Law, 1995 Press Law, and 1999 Nongovernmental Associations Law which hampered freedoms of association and expression by imposing new regulations and draconian penalties on violations.[citation needed] As a result, by the late 1990s parliamentary politics had become virtually irrelevant and alternative avenues for political expression were curtailed as well.

Q1: What group dominated the political scene when Mubarak was in power?
A1: National Democratic Party,
Q2: What laws created in 1990s impacted culture?
A2: 1993 Syndicates Law, 1995 Press Law, and 1999 Nongovernmental Associations Law
Q3: When did parliamentary politics become irrelevant in Egypt?
A3: late 1990s
Tennessee (Geography and places)

During Reconstruction, freedmen and former free people of color were granted the right to vote; most joined the Republican Party. Numerous African Americans were elected to local offices, and some to state office. Following Reconstruction, Tennessee continued to have competitive party politics. But in the 1880s, the white-dominated state government passed four laws, the last of which imposed a poll tax requirement for voter registration. These served to disenfranchise most African Americans, and their power in the Republican Party, the state, and cities where they had significant population was markedly reduced. In 1900 African Americans comprised 23.8 percent of the state's population, concentrated in Middle and West Tennessee. In the early 1900s, the state legislature approved a form of commission government for cities based on at-large voting for a few positions on a Board of Commission; several adopted this as another means to limit African-American political participation. In 1913 the state legislature enacted a bill enabling cities to adopt this structure without legislative approval.

Q1: Which party did most former slaves join when they were given the right to vote after the Civil War?
A1: Republican
Q2: In which decade did the Tennessee legislature institute a poll tax?
A2: 1880s
Q3: Which party declined in Tennessee politics following voting reform legislation during Reconstruction?
A3: Republican
Q4: What percentage of the Tennessee population was African-American in 1900?
A4: 23.8
Q5: In 1913, the Tennessee state legislature made which organizational structure the default form of city government in the state?
A5: Board of Commission
Armenians (Geography and places)

During Soviet rule, Armenian athletes rose to prominence winning plenty of medals and helping the USSR win the medal standings at the Olympics on numerous occasions. The first medal won by an Armenian in modern Olympic history was by Hrant Shahinyan, who won two golds and two silvers in gymnastics at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. In football, their most successful team was Yerevan's FC Ararat, which had claimed most of the Soviet championships in the 70s and had also gone to post victories against professional clubs like FC Bayern Munich in the Euro cup.

Q1: When did Armenia begin winning Olympic medals?
A1: 1952
Q2: Where were the 1952 Olympics held?
A2: Helsinki
Q3: Which Armenian football team was the most successful?
A3: Yerevan's FC Ararat
Q4: What pro team has FC Ararat beaten?
A4: FC Bayern Munich
Q5: Who won Armenia's first Olympic medal?
A5: Hrant Shahinyan
Pope_Paul_VI (Philosophy and religion)

During Vatican II, the Council Fathers avoided statements which might anger Christians of other faiths.[page needed] Cardinal Augustin Bea, the President of the Christian Unity Secretariat, always had the full support of Paul VI in his attempts to ensure that the Council language was friendly and open to the sensitivities of Protestant and Orthodox Churches, whom he had invited to all sessions at the request of Pope John XXIII. Bea also was strongly involved in the passage of Nostra aetate, which regulates the Church's relations with the Jewish faith and members of other religions.[d]

Q1: Who was President of the Christian Unity Secretariat?
A1: Cardinal Augustin Bea
Q2: What did Paul VI believe in keeping friendly to people of other Christian faiths?
A2: Council language
Q3: Who insisted that Protestant and Orthodox Christians be invited to all Counsel meetings?
A3: Pope John XXIII
Q4: Which cardinal became heavily engaged in the passage of Nostra aetate?
A4: Cardinal Augustin Bea
Q5: Which Vatican strove to avoid offending other Christian faiths with counsel session language?
A5: Vatican II
Queen_Victoria (History)

During Victoria's first pregnancy in 1840, in the first few months of the marriage, 18-year-old Edward Oxford attempted to assassinate her while she was riding in a carriage with Prince Albert on her way to visit her mother. Oxford fired twice, but either both bullets missed or, as he later claimed, the guns had no shot. He was tried for high treason and found guilty, but was acquitted on the grounds of insanity. In the immediate aftermath of the attack, Victoria's popularity soared, mitigating residual discontent over the Hastings affair and the bedchamber crisis. Her daughter, also named Victoria, was born on 21 November 1840. The Queen hated being pregnant, viewed breast-feeding with disgust, and thought newborn babies were ugly. Nevertheless, over the following seventeen years, she and Albert had a further eight children: Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (b. 1841), Alice (b. 1843), Alfred (b. 1844), Helena (b. 1846), Louise (b. 1848), Arthur (b. 1850), Leopold (b. 1853) and Beatrice (b. 1857).

Q1: What year was Queen Victorias first pregnancy?
A1: 1840
Q2: Who attempted to assasinate Victoria while she was riding in a carriage?
A2: Edward Oxford
Q3: How old was Edward Oxford?
A3: 18
Q4: Who was riding in the carriage with Victoria when Oxford attempted to assasinate her?
A4: Prince Albert
Q5: How many times did Oxford fire the gun at Victoria and miss?
A5: twice
Q6: Who tried to assassinate Queen Victoria while she was pregnant with her first child?
A6: Edward Oxford
Q7: When was Queen Victoria's first daughter born? 
A7: 21 November 1840
Q8: Queen Victoria and Prince Albert had how many more children after Victoria's birth? 
A8: eight
Q9: What year was Albert Edward, Queen Victoria's first born son born? 
A9: 1841
Q10: What major life event was Victoria facing when she also had to contend with her first assassination attempt?
A10: first pregnancy
Q11: When was Victoria's first assassination attempt?
A11: 1840
Q12: What did the first assassination attempt do for Victoria's reign?
A12: popularity soared
Q13: What was Edward Oxford charged with after his assassination attempt?
A13: high treason
Q14: What happened to Edward Oxford to after he was found guilty of high treason?
A14: acquitted on the grounds of insanity
Buckingham_Palace (Art and architecture)

During World War I, the palace, then the home of King George V and Queen Mary, escaped unscathed. Its more valuable contents were evacuated to Windsor but the royal family remained in situ. The King imposed rationing at the palace, much to the dismay of his guests and household. To the King's later regret, David Lloyd George persuaded him to go further by ostentatiously locking the wine cellars and refraining from alcohol, to set a good example to the supposedly inebriated working class. The workers continued to imbibe and the King was left unhappy at his enforced abstinence. In 1938, the north-west pavilion, designed by Nash as a conservatory, was converted into a swimming pool.

Q1: Who lived at Buckingham Palace during WWI?
A1: King George V and Queen Mary
Q2: Where were valuable items from Buckingham Palace taken during WWI?
A2: Windsor
Q3: The king refrained from doing what during the war?
A3: alcohol
Q4: In what year was the north-west pavilion turned into a swimming pool?
A4: 1938
Q5: Who persuaded the king to lock the wine cellars during WWI?
A5: David Lloyd George
Q6: Buckingham Palace was untouched during which war?
A6: World War I
Q7: Where were valuables evacuated to during the war?
A7: Windsor
Q8: What did the King give up during the war?
A8: alcohol
Q9: Who convinced the king to lock the wine cellars?
A9: David Lloyd George
Q10: What was the north-west pavilion converted into in 1938?
A10: swimming pool
John_von_Neumann (Mathematics)

During World War II he worked on the Manhattan Project with J. Robert Oppenheimer and Edward Teller, developing the mathematical models behind the explosive lenses used in the implosion-type nuclear weapon. After the war, he served on the General Advisory Committee of the United States Atomic Energy Commission, and later as one of its commissioners. He was a consultant to a number of organizations, including the United States Air Force, the Armed Forces Special Weapons Project, and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Along with theoretical physicist Edward Teller, mathematician Stanislaw Ulam, and others, he worked out key steps in the nuclear physics involved in thermonuclear reactions and the hydrogen bomb.

Q1: With whom did Von Neumann work on the Manhattan Project?
A1: J. Robert Oppenheimer and Edward Teller
Q2: Post World War II, in what role did Von Neumann work?
A2: General Advisory Committee of the United States Atomic Energy Commission
Q3: For what organizations was Von Neumann a consultant after World War II?
A3: United States Air Force, the Armed Forces Special Weapons Project, and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Q4: What keys steps did Von Neumann work out that contributed to weapons of war?
A4: key steps in the nuclear physics involved in thermonuclear reactions and the hydrogen bomb
Friedrich_Hayek (Social sciences and society)

During World War II, Hayek began the ‘Abuse of Reason’ project. His goal was to show how a number of then-popular doctrines and beliefs had a common origin in some fundamental misconceptions about the social science. In his philosophy of science, which has much in common with that of his good friend Karl Popper, Hayek was highly critical of what he termed scientism: a false understanding of the methods of science that has been mistakenly forced upon the social sciences, but that is contrary to the practices of genuine science. Usually, scientism involves combining the philosophers' ancient demand for demonstrative justification with the associationists' false view that all scientific explanations are simple two-variable linear relationships.

Q1: When did Hayek start working on Abuse of Reason?
A1: During World War II
Q2: What did Hayek specifically aim to expose in Abuse of Reason?
A2: fundamental misconceptions about the social science
Q3: Whose beliefs in scientific philosophy were similar to Hayek's?
A3: Karl Popper
Q4: What did Hayek use to refer to the spread of ignorance and misunderstanding within the social sciences?
A4: scientism
Q5: In scientism, it is typically believed that explanations in science are what?
A5: simple two-variable linear relationships
Slavs (History)

During World War II, Hitler's Generalplan Ost (general plan for the East) entailed killing, deporting, or enslaving the Slavic and Jewish population of occupied Eastern Europe to create Lebensraum (living space) for German settlers. The Nazi Hunger Plan and Generalplan Ost would have led to the starvation of 80 million people in the Soviet Union. These partially fulfilled plans resulted in the deaths of an estimated 19.3 million civilians and prisoners of war.

Q1: Whose plan for the East entailed killing, deporting, or enslaving the Slavs?
A1: Hitler's
Q2: What would have led to the starvation of 80 million people in the Soviet Union?
A2: The Nazi Hunger Plan and Generalplan Ost
Q3: The Nazi Hunger Plan and Generalplan Ost resulted in the death and imprisonment of how many people?
A3: 19.3 million civilians
Q4: What is the German word for living space?
A4: Lebensraum
Southeast_Asia (Geography and places)

During World War II, Imperial Japan invaded most of the former western colonies. The Shōwa occupation regime committed violent actions against civilians such as the Manila massacre and the implementation of a system of forced labour, such as the one involving 4 to 10 million romusha in Indonesia. A later UN report stated that four million people died in Indonesia as a result of famine and forced labour during the Japanese occupation. The Allied powers who defeated Japan in the South-East Asian theatre of World War II then contended with nationalists to whom the occupation authorities had granted independence.

Q1: The western colonies were invaded by whom during World War II?
A1: Imperial Japan
Q2: According to the UN report, what was the count of people who perished due to famine?
A2: 4 to 10 million
Q3: What violent acts did the Showa regime commit?
A3: Manila massacre and the implementation of a system of forced labour
Q4: Who defeated Japan during the World War II?
A4: The Allied powers
Korean_War (Warfare)

During World War II, Japan used Korea's food, livestock, and metals for their war effort. Japanese forces in Korea increased from 46,000 soldiers in 1941 to 300,000 in 1945. Japanese Korea conscripted 2.6 million forced laborers controlled with a collaborationist Korean police force; some 723,000 people were sent to work in the overseas empire and in metropolitan Japan. By 1942, Korean men were being conscripted into the Imperial Japanese Army. By January 1945, Koreans made up 32% of Japan's labor force. At the end of the war, other world powers did not recognize Japanese rule in Korea and Taiwan.

Q1: How many Japanese forces were in Korea in 1945?
A1: 300,000
Q2: Where were 723,000 Koreans sent to work?
A2: overseas empire and in metropolitan Japan
Q3: Who did Japan collaborate with to help control the citizens of Korea?
A3: Korean police force
Q4: By 1945, what percentage of Koreans made up the Japanese labor force?
A4: 32%
Q5: What army were Korean men conscripted into?
A5: Imperial Japanese Army
University_of_Kansas (Geography and places)

During World War II, Kansas was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission.

Q1: How many institutions participated in the V-12 program?
A1: 131
Q2: What did the V-12 program provide to interested pupils?
A2: a path to a Navy commission
Q3: During what event did the V-12 program take place?
A3: World War II
San_Diego (Geography and places)

During World War II, San Diego became a major hub of military and defense activity, due to the presence of so many military installations and defense manufacturers. The city's population grew rapidly during and after World War II, more than doubling between 1930 (147,995) and 1950 (333,865). During the final months of the war, the Japanese had a plan to target multiple U.S. cities for biological attack, starting with San Diego. The plan was called "Operation Cherry Blossoms at Night" and called for kamikaze planes filled with fleas infected with plague (Yersinia pestis) to crash into civilian population centers in the city, hoping to spread plague in the city and effectively kill tens of thousands of civilians. The plan was scheduled to launch on September 22, 1945, but was not carried out because Japan surrendered five weeks earlier.

Q1: When did San Diego's population grow so rapidly that it nearly doubled?
A1: during and after World War II
Q2: What was the name of the attack the Japanese had planned against San Diego?
A2: Operation Cherry Blossoms at Night
Q3: What were the Japanese originally going to drop on San Diego from their kamikaze planes?
A3: fleas infected with plague (Yersinia pestis)
Q4: Why didn't the Japanese launch their planned attack on September 22, 1945?
A4: Japan surrendered five weeks earlier
Q5: How many civilians were the Japanese hoping to kill during their planned attack on San Diego?
A5: tens of thousands of civilians
Montevideo (Geography and places)

During World War II, a famous incident involving the German pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee took place in Punta del Este, 200 kilometers (120 mi) from Montevideo. After the Battle of the River Plate with the Royal Navy and Royal New Zealand Navy on 13 December 1939, the Graf Spee retreated to Montevideo's port, which was considered neutral at the time. To avoid risking the crew in what he thought would be a losing battle, Captain Hans Langsdorff scuttled the ship on 17 December. Langsdorff committed suicide two days later.[citation needed] The eagle figurehead of the Graf Spee was salvaged on 10 February 2006; to protect the feelings of those still sensitive to Nazi Germany, the swastika on the figurehead was covered as it was pulled from the water.

Q1: Who was the Admiral of the German pocket ship?
A1: Admiral Graf Spee
Q2: Where did the famous incident involving the German pocket battleship take place in?
A2: Punta del Este
Q3: When year did the Battle of the River Plate take place?
A3: 13 December 1939
Switzerland (Geography and places)

During World War II, detailed invasion plans were drawn up by the Germans, but Switzerland was never attacked. Switzerland was able to remain independent through a combination of military deterrence, concessions to Germany, and good fortune as larger events during the war delayed an invasion. Under General Henri Guisan central command, a general mobilisation of the armed forces was ordered. The Swiss military strategy was changed from one of static defence at the borders to protect the economic heartland, to one of organised long-term attrition and withdrawal to strong, well-stockpiled positions high in the Alps known as the Reduit. Switzerland was an important base for espionage by both sides in the conflict and often mediated communications between the Axis and Allied powers.

Q1: Though invasion plans were drawn up the the Germans, which war did Switzerland escape attack during?
A1: World War II
Q2: Who was the head of the Swiss central command during World War II?
A2: General Henri Guisan
Q3: What did General Henry Guisan order a general mobilisation of during World War II?
A3: armed forces
Q4: What was the original goal of the Swiss military strategy?
A4: protect the economic heartland
Q5: What were the Reduit?
A5: strong, well-stockpiled positions high in the Alps
Computer (Engineering and technology)

During World War II, the British at Bletchley Park achieved a number of successes at breaking encrypted German military communications. The German encryption machine, Enigma, was first attacked with the help of the electro-mechanical bombes. To crack the more sophisticated German Lorenz SZ 40/42 machine, used for high-level Army communications, Max Newman and his colleagues commissioned Flowers to build the Colossus. He spent eleven months from early February 1943 designing and building the first Colossus. After a functional test in December 1943, Colossus was shipped to Bletchley Park, where it was delivered on 18 January 1944 and attacked its first message on 5 February.

Q1: Who built the first Colossus in 1943?
A1: Flowers
Q2: When was the Colossus sent to Bletchley Park?
A2: 18 January 1944
Q3: Who achieved success at cracking secret German military communications during World War II?
A3: , the British
Q4: Where did the British crack secret German military communications during World War II?
A4: Bletchley Park
Myanmar (Geography and places)

During World War II, the British destroyed the major government buildings, oil wells and mines for tungsten, tin, lead and silver to keep them from the Japanese. Myanmar was bombed extensively by both sides. After independence, the country was in ruins with its major infrastructure completely destroyed. After a parliamentary government was formed in 1948, Prime Minister U Nu embarked upon a policy of nationalisation and the state was declared the owner of all land. The government also tried to implement a poorly considered Eight-Year plan. By the 1950s, rice exports had fallen by two thirds and mineral exports by over 96% (as compared to the pre-World War II period). Plans were partly financed by printing money, which led to inflation.

Q1: How did world war two affect Burmese business and economy ?
A1: British destroyed the major government buildings, oil wells and mines for tungsten, tin, lead and silver to keep them from the Japanese.
Q2: How was the Burma framework affected by WWII ?
A2: the country was in ruins with its major infrastructure completely destroyed.
Q3: What lead to the architectural changes in Myanmar ?
A3: bombed extensively
Q4: Who was credited with changes that occurred to the interior due to the war's effects ?
A4: bombed extensively by both sides
Q5: When was Myanmar given sovereignty to rule it's own nation ?
A5: 1948, Prime Minister U Nu embarked upon a policy of nationalisation and the state was declared the owner of all land.
Printed_circuit_board (Engineering and technology)

During World War II, the development of the anti-aircraft proximity fuse required an electronic circuit that could withstand being fired from a gun, and could be produced in quantity. The Centralab Division of Globe Union submitted a proposal which met the requirements: a ceramic plate would be screenprinted with metallic paint for conductors and carbon material for resistors, with ceramic disc capacitors and subminiature vacuum tubes soldered in place. The technique proved viable, and the resulting patent on the process, which was classified by the U.S. Army, was assigned to Globe Union. It was not until 1984 that the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) awarded Mr. Harry W. Rubinstein, the former head of Globe Union's Centralab Division, its coveted Cledo Brunetti Award for early key contributions to the development of printed components and conductors on a common insulating substrate. As well, Mr. Rubinstein was honored in 1984 by his alma mater, the University of Wisconsin-Madison, for his innovations in the technology of printed electronic circuits and the fabrication of capacitors.

Q1: What company developed the first electronic circuit that could be mass produced and was durable enough to be fired from a gun?
A1: Globe Union
Q2: What was the plate used for anti-aircraft proximity fuses in World War II made out of?
A2: ceramic
Q3: Who was in charge of the Centralab Division of Globe Union when the PCB used in anti-aircraft fuses was invented?
A3: Harry W. Rubinstein
Q4: What award did Rubinstein win in 1984 for his contributions?
A4: Cledo Brunetti Award
Q5: Where did Harry Rubinstein attend college?
A5: University of Wisconsin-Madison