LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Universal_Studios (Media and drama)

Universal Studios was founded by Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Cochrane[a] and Jules Brulatour. One story has Laemmle watching a box office for hours, counting patrons and calculating the day's takings. Within weeks of his Chicago trip, Laemmle gave up dry goods to buy the first several nickelodeons. For Laemmle and other such entrepreneurs, the creation in 1908 of the Edison-backed Motion Picture Trust meant that exhibitors were expected to pay fees for Trust-produced films they showed. Based on the Latham Loop used in cameras and projectors, along with other patents, the Trust collected fees on all aspects of movie production and exhibition, and attempted to enforce a monopoly on distribution.

Q1: After a trip to what city did Carl Laemmle leave the dry goods business?
A1: Chicago
Q2: In what year was the Motion Picture Trust created?
A2: 1908
Q3: What notable historical figure was involved in the Motion Picture Trust?
A3: Edison
Q4: For what part of a motion picture projector did the Motion Picture Trust hold a patent?
A4: the Latham Loop
Universal_Studios (Media and drama)

Universal could seldom afford its own stable of stars, and often borrowed talent from other studios, or hired freelance actors. In addition to Stewart and Dietrich, Margaret Sullavan, and Bing Crosby were two of the major names that made a couple of pictures for Universal during this period. Some stars came from radio, including Edgar Bergen, W. C. Fields, and the comedy team of Abbott and Costello (Bud Abbott and Lou Costello). Abbott and Costello's military comedy Buck Privates (1941) gave the former burlesque comedians a national and international profile.

Q1: What two performers were known as the team Abbott and Costello?
A1: Bud Abbott and Lou Costello
Q2: What military comedy did Bud Abbott and Lou Costello star in?
A2: Buck Privates
Q3: Along with Abbott and Costello and Edgar Bergen, what radio star appeared in Universal films?
A3: W. C. Fields
Universal_Studios (Media and drama)

Universal owned the rights to the "Oswald the Lucky Rabbit" character, although Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks had created Oswald, and their films had enjoyed a successful theatrical run. After Charles Mintz had unsuccessfully demanded that Disney accept a lower fee for producing the property, Mintz produced the films with his own group of animators. Instead, Disney and Iwerks created Mickey Mouse who in 1928 stared in the first "sync" sound animated short, Steamboat Willie. This moment effectively launched Walt Disney Studios' foothold, while Universal became a minor player in film animation. Universal subsequently severed its link to Mintz and formed its own in-house animation studio to produce Oswald cartoons headed by Walter Lantz.

Q1: Along with Walt Disney, who created Oswald the Lucky Rabbit?
A1: Ub Iwerks
Q2: Who owned the rights to Oswald?
A2: Universal
Q3: Who produced an Oswald the Lucky Rabbit motion picture?
A3: Charles Mintz
Q4: What character did Walt Disney create in 1928?
A4: Mickey Mouse
Q5: What was the first animated short with synchronized sound?
A5: Steamboat Willie
Universal_Studios (Media and drama)

Universal's 1936 Show Boat (released a little over a month later) became a critical and financial success, it was not enough to save the Laemmles' involvement with the studio. They were unceremoniously removed from the company they had founded. Because the Laemmles personally oversaw production, Show Boat was released (despite the takeover) with Carl Laemmle and Carl Laemmle Jr.'s names on the credits and in the advertising campaign of the film. Standard Capital's J. Cheever Cowdin had taken over as president and chairman of the board of directors, and instituted severe cuts in production budgets. Gone were the big ambitions, and though Universal had a few big names under contract, those it had been cultivating, like William Wyler and Margaret Sullavan, left.

Q1: Who became president of Universal after the Standard Capital takeover?
A1: J. Cheever Cowdin
Q2: What notable female star left Universal after the Standard Capital takeover?
A2: Margaret Sullavan
Q3: Who was Universal's chairman of the board of directors after the Standard Captial takeover?
A3: J. Cheever Cowdin
Q4: Along with Margaret Sullavan, what notable film talent left Universal after the Standard Capital takeover?
A4: William Wyler
Q5: In what year was Show Boat released?
A5: 1936
Universal_Studios (Media and drama)

Universal's forays into high-quality production spelled the end of the Laemmle era at the studio. Taking on the task of modernizing and upgrading a film conglomerate in the depths of the depression was risky, and for a time Universal slipped into receivership. The theater chain was scrapped, but Carl, Jr. held fast to distribution, studio and production operations.

Q1: What part of Universal's business was terminated while it was in bankruptcy?
A1: The theater chain
Q2: Along with distribution and studio operations, what part of Universal was retained by Carl Laemmle, Jr. during bankruptcy?
A2: production operations
Universal_Studios (Media and drama)

Universal's multi-year film financing deal with Elliott Management expired in 2013. In July 2013, Universal made an agreement with Legendary Pictures to market, co-finance, and distribute Legendary's films for five years starting in 2014, the year that Legendary's similar agreement with Warner Bros. expires.

Q1: Universal's deal with what company ended in 2013?
A1: Elliott Management
Q2: With whom did Universal sign a marketing and distribution deal in July 2013?
A2: Legendary Pictures
Q3: How many years is the deal with Legendary Pictures intended to run?
A3: five years
Q4: In what year did Universal's deal with Legendary Pictures begin?
A4: 2014
University (Language and literature)

Universities created by bilateral or multilateral treaties between states are intergovernmental. An example is the Academy of European Law, which offers training in European law to lawyers, judges, barristers, solicitors, in-house counsel and academics. EUCLID (Pôle Universitaire Euclide, Euclid University) is chartered as a university and umbrella organisation dedicated to sustainable development in signatory countries, and the United Nations University engages in efforts to resolve the pressing global problems that are of concern to the United Nations, its peoples and member states. The European University Institute, a post-graduate university specialised in the social sciences, is officially an intergovernmental organisation, set up by the member states of the European Union.

Q1: What is a university formed through a bilateral treaty known as?
A1: intergovernmental
Q2: In terms of intergovernmental universities, what is EUCLID?
A2: Pôle Universitaire Euclide, Euclid University
Q3: What is a mission of EUCLID as it relates to signatory nations?
A3: sustainable development
Q4: What type of school is the European University Institute?
A4: post-graduate
Q5: What type of study does the European University Institute focus on?
A5: social sciences
Institute_of_technology (Engineering and technology)

Universities of Technology are academically similar to other (non-polytechnic) universities. Prior to Bologna process, M.Sc. (Tech.) required 180 credits, whereas M.Sc. from a normal university required 160 credits. The credits between Universities of Technology and normal universities are comparable.

Q1: How many credits were needed for an M.Sc. (Tech.) degree before the Bologna Process?
A1: 180
Q2: How many credits were needed for an M.Sc. from a traditional university prior to the Bologna Process?
A2: 160
Institute_of_technology (Engineering and technology)

Universities of Technology are categorised as universities, are allowed to grant B.Sc. (Tech.), M.Sc. (Tech.), Lic.Sc. (Tech.), Ph.D. and D.Sc.(Tech.) degrees and roughly correspond to Instituts de technologie of French-speaking areas and Technische Universität of Germany in prestige. In addition to universities of technology, some universities, e.g. University of Oulu and Åbo Akademi University, are allowed to grant the B.Sc. (tech.), M.Sc. (tech.) and D.Sc. (Tech.) degrees.

Q1: What's the equivalent of Universities of Technology in French-speaking areas?
A1: Instituts de technologie
Southampton (Geography and places)

University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust is one of the city's largest employers. It provides local hospital services to 500,000 people in the Southampton area and specialist regional services to more than 3 million people across the South of England. The Trust owns and manages Southampton General Hospital, the Princess Anne Hospital and a palliative care service at Countess Mountbatten House, part of the Moorgreen Hospital site in the village of West End, just outside the city.

Q1: How many people in the Southampton area receive hospital services from University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust?
A1: 500,000
Q2: How many people in the South of England rely on the NHS Foundation Trust's specialist services?
A2: 3 million
Q3: What type of service does the NHS Foundation Trust provide at the Countess Mountbatten House?
A3: palliative care
Q4: What hospital is the Countess Mountbatten House a part of?
A4: Moorgreen Hospital
Q5: In what village is Moorgreen Hospital located?
A5: West End
Education (Philosophy and religion)

University education includes teaching, research, and social services activities, and it includes both the undergraduate level (sometimes referred to as tertiary education) and the graduate (or postgraduate) level (sometimes referred to as graduate school). Universities are generally composed of several colleges. In the United States, universities can be private and independent like Yale University; public and state-governed like the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education; or independent but state-funded like the University of Virginia. A number of career specific courses are now available to students through the Internet.

Q1: What does University education include?
A1: teaching, research, and social services activities,
Q2: What are usually Universities made up of?
A2: several colleges
Q3: What type of University would Yale fall under?
A3: independent
Institute_of_technology (Engineering and technology)

University of Engineering & Technology or University of Engineering Sciences are the recognized universities that grant Bachelor's and master's degrees in undergraduate and graduate studies respectively. The Bachelor of Science degree awarded by Universities of Engineering & Technology or University of Engineering Sciences are 4 years full-time program after finishing 13 years of education (international high school certificate) in Pakistan known as F.Sc equivalent to British system A-Level.

Q1: What's Pakistan's program called that's comparable to the British A Level?
A1: F.Sc
Political_corruption (Social sciences and society)

University of Massachusetts Amherst researchers estimated that from 1970 to 1996, capital flight from 30 Sub-Saharan countries totaled $187bn, exceeding those nations' external debts. (The results, expressed in retarded or suppressed development, have been modeled in theory by economist Mancur Olson.) In the case of Africa, one of the factors for this behavior was political instability, and the fact that new governments often confiscated previous government's corruptly obtained assets. This encouraged officials to stash their wealth abroad, out of reach of any future expropriation. In contrast, Asian administrations such as Suharto's New Order often took a cut on business transactions or provided conditions for development, through infrastructure investment, law and order, etc.

Q1: Which researchers studied corruption from Sub-Saharan countries from 1970 to 1996?
A1: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Q2: The 187 billion exceeded what in these countries?
A2: external debts
Q3: What was one of the factors for this behavior in Africa?
A3: political instability
Space_Race (History)

Unknown to the Americans, the Soviet Moon program was in deep trouble. After two successive launch failures of the N1 rocket in 1969, Soviet plans for a piloted landing suffered delay. The launch pad explosion of the N-1 on July 3, 1969 was a significant setback. The rocket hit the pad after an engine shutdown, destroying itself and the launch facility. Without the N-1 rocket, the USSR could not send a large enough payload to the Moon to land a human and return him safely.

Q1: The Soviet, N1 Rocket exploded and was destroyed on what date?
A1: July 3, 1969
Old_English (Language and literature)

Unlike Modern English, Old English is a language rich in morphological diversity. It maintains several distinct cases: the nominative, accusative, genitive, dative and (vestigially) instrumental. The only remnants of this system in Modern English are in the forms of a few pronouns (such as I/me/mine, she/her, who/whom/whose) and in the possessive ending -'s, which derives from the old (masculine and neuter) genitive ending -es. In Old English, however, nouns and their modifying words take appropriate endings depending on their case.

Q1: What trait does Old English possess that Modern English lacks?
A1: morphological diversity
Q2: Along with the nominative, genitive, dative and instrumental, what case did Old English possess?
A2: accusative
Q3: The Modern English ending -'s is derived from what ending in Old English?
A3: -es
Q4: In Old English, noun endings vary on what basis?
A4: their case
East_India_Company (History)

Unlike all other British Government records, the records from the East India Company (and its successor the India Office) are not in The National Archives at Kew, London, but are held by the British Library in London as part of the Asia, Pacific and Africa Collections. The catalogue is searchable online in the Access to Archives catalogues. Many of the East India Company records are freely available online under an agreement that the Families in British India Society has with the British Library. Published catalogues exist of East India Company ships' journals and logs, 1600–1834; and of some of the Company's daughter institutions, including the East India Company College, Haileybury, and Addiscombe Military Seminary.

Q1: Where are the records of the EIC housed today?
A1: British Library in London
Q2: Where are the British government's records houseed today?
A2: The National Archives at Kew
Q3: Are you able to search most of the records online today?
A3: The catalogue is searchable online in the Access to Archives catalogues
Botany (Natural sciences)

Unlike animals, many plant cells, particularly those of the parenchyma, do not terminally differentiate, remaining totipotent with the ability to give rise to a new individual plant. Exceptions include highly lignified cells, the sclerenchyma and xylem which are dead at maturity, and the phloem sieve tubes which lack nuclei. While plants use many of the same epigenetic mechanisms as animals, such as chromatin remodeling, an alternative hypothesis is that plants set their gene expression patterns using positional information from the environment and surrounding cells to determine their developmental fate.

Q1: Does cell division end in plants?
A1: remaining totipotent
Q2: What happens when a plant remains totipotent?
A2: ability to give rise to a new individual plant
Q3: Why do phloem sieve tubes stop forming?
A3: lack nuclei
Q4: Why are plants able to stop and start dividing cells?
A4: information from the environment
Q5: Are lignified cells able to continue dividing?
A5: dead at maturity
Pope_Paul_VI (Philosophy and religion)

Unlike his predecessors and successors, Paul VI refused to excommunicate the opponents. He admonished but did not punish those with other views. The new theological freedoms which he fostered resulted in a pluralism of opinions and uncertainties among the faithful. New demands were voiced, which were taboo at the Council, the reintegration of divorced Catholics, the sacramental character of the confession, and the role of women in the Church and its ministries. Conservatives complained, that "women wanted to be priests, priests wanted to get married, bishops became regional popes and theologians claimed absolute teaching authority. Protestants claimed equality, homosexuals and divorced called for full acceptance." Changes such as the reorientation of the liturgy, alterations to the ordinary of the Mass, alterations to the liturgical calendar in the motu proprio Mysterii Paschalis, and the relocation of the tabernacle were controversial among some Catholics.

Q1: Who did Paul VI refuse to excommunicate?
A1: opponents
Q2: What did many other Catholics and Christians consider Paul VI reforms to be?
A2: controversial
Q3: To what can the dissent among Catholics be attributed to during Paul VI's papacy?
A3: theological freedoms
Q4: What was the reintroduction of divorced Catholics into the church considered to be by the Council?
A4: taboo
Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives (History)

Unlike in Westminster style legislatures or as with the Senate Majority Leader, the House Majority Leader's duties and prominence vary depending upon the style and power of the Speaker of the House. Typically, the Speaker does not participate in debate and rarely votes on the floor. In some cases, Majority Leaders have been more influential than the Speaker; notably Tom DeLay who was more prominent than Speaker Dennis Hastert. In addition, Speaker Newt Gingrich delegated to Dick Armey an unprecedented level of authority over scheduling legislation on the House floor.

Q1: Does speaker of the House participate in dbate?
A1: Typically, the Speaker does not participate in debate
Q2: Are snate majority leaders more influential than Speaker of the house??
A2: Majority Leaders have been more influential than the Speaker
Q3: Who did Newt Gingrich delegate much authority to?
A3: Dick Armey
Q4: Who was speaker of the house When Tom Delay was Majority leader?
A4: Dennis Hastert
Botany (Natural sciences)

Unlike in higher animals, where parthenogenesis is rare, asexual reproduction may occur in plants by several different mechanisms. The formation of stem tubers in potato is one example. Particularly in arctic or alpine habitats, where opportunities for fertilisation of flowers by animals are rare, plantlets or bulbs, may develop instead of flowers, replacing sexual reproduction with asexual reproduction and giving rise to clonal populations genetically identical to the parent. This is one of several types of apomixis that occur in plants. Apomixis can also happen in a seed, producing a seed that contains an embryo genetically identical to the parent.

Q1: Why do plants develop bulbs?
A1: opportunities for fertilisation of flowers by animals are rare
Q2: What do plants do when the environment makes fertilization especially difficult?
A2: replacing sexual reproduction with asexual reproduction
Q3: How different are the children produced by asexual parents?
A3: genetically identical to the parent
Q4: What is the term for asexual cloning?
A4: Apomixis
Q5: Does apomixis only occur in the parent?
A5: can also happen in a seed
Bacteria (Natural sciences)

Unlike in multicellular organisms, increases in cell size (cell growth) and reproduction by cell division are tightly linked in unicellular organisms. Bacteria grow to a fixed size and then reproduce through binary fission, a form of asexual reproduction. Under optimal conditions, bacteria can grow and divide extremely rapidly, and bacterial populations can double as quickly as every 9.8 minutes. In cell division, two identical clone daughter cells are produced. Some bacteria, while still reproducing asexually, form more complex reproductive structures that help disperse the newly formed daughter cells. Examples include fruiting body formation by Myxobacteria and aerial hyphae formation by Streptomyces, or budding. Budding involves a cell forming a protrusion that breaks away and produces a daughter cell.

Q1: How size and reproduction are linked in bacteria?
A1: Bacteria grow to a fixed size and then reproduce
Q2: How does bacteria reproduce?
A2: through binary fission
Q3: If the conditions are right how long does it take for bacteria to reproduce?
A3: divide extremely rapidly
Q4: What are produced in cell division?
A4: two identical clone daughter cells
IPod (Engineering and technology)

Unlike many other MP3 players, simply copying audio or video files to the drive with a typical file management application will not allow an iPod to properly access them. The user must use software that has been specifically designed to transfer media files to iPods, so that the files are playable and viewable. Usually iTunes is used to transfer media to an iPod, though several alternative third-party applications are available on a number of different platforms.

Q1: What kind program is commonly used to move files between iTunes and an iPod?
A1: iTunes
Q2: What kind of other applications enable communication between iTunes and an iPod?
A2: third-party
Q3: Rather than copying media files directly to it, what software must be used for this purpose so that they are accessible?
A3: iTunes
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

Unlike many religions, Buddhism has no single central text that is universally referred to by all traditions. However, some scholars have referred to the Vinaya Pitaka and the first four Nikayas of the Sutta Pitaka as the common core of all Buddhist traditions.[page needed] This could be considered misleading, as Mahāyāna considers these merely a preliminary, and not a core, teaching. The Tibetan Buddhists have not even translated most of the āgamas (though theoretically they recognize them) and they play no part in the religious life of either clergy or laity in China and Japan. Other scholars say there is no universally accepted common core. The size and complexity of the Buddhist canons have been seen by some (including Buddhist social reformer Babasaheb Ambedkar) as presenting barriers to the wider understanding of Buddhist philosophy.

Q1: Unlike most religions, Buddhism has no single central what?
A1: text
Q2: Tibetan Buddhists have not even translated most of the what?
A2: āgamas
Q3: Some scholars say there is no universally accepted common what?
A3: core
Q4: What has been seen by some as a hinderance to understanding Buddhist philosophy?
A4: size and complexity of the Buddhist canons
Dialect (Language and literature)

Unlike most languages that use alphabets to indicate the pronunciation, Chinese characters have developed from logograms that do not always give hints to its pronunciation. Although the written characters remained relatively consistent for the last two thousand years, the pronunciation and grammar in different regions has developed to an extent that the varieties of the spoken language are often mutually unintelligible. As a series of migration to the south throughout the history, the regional languages of the south, including Xiang, Wu, Gan, Min, Yue (Cantonese), and Hakka often show traces of Old Chinese or Middle Chinese. From the Ming dynasty onward, Beijing has been the capital of China and the dialect spoken in Beijing has had the most prestige among other varieties. With the founding of the Republic of China, Standard Mandarin was designated as the official language, based on the spoken language of Beijing. Since then, other spoken varieties are regarded as fangyan (dialects). Cantonese is still the most commonly used language in Hong Kong, Macau and among some overseas Chinese communities, whereas Southern Min has been accepted in Taiwan as an important local language along with Mandarin.

Q1: From what did Chinese characters derive?
A1: logograms
Q2: What is another name for the Yue language?
A2: Cantonese
Q3: Hakka is a language from what geographic part of China?
A3: the south
Q4: From the time of the Ming dynasty, what city was the capital of China?
A4: Beijing
Q5: At its founding. what was the official language of the Republic of China?
A5: Standard Mandarin