LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Presbyterianism (History)

Other Presbyterian bodies in the United States include the Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America (RPCNA), the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church (ARP), the Reformed Presbyterian Church in the United States (RPCUS), the Reformed Presbyterian Church General Assembly, the Reformed Presbyterian Church – Hanover Presbytery, the Covenant Presbyterian Church, the Presbyterian Reformed Church, the Westminster Presbyterian Church in the United States, the Korean American Presbyterian Church, and the Free Presbyterian Church of North America.

Q1: What is the name of the first three listed reformed Presbyterian Church's in the United States?
A1: Presbyterian Church of North America (RPCNA), the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church (ARP), the Reformed Presbyterian Church in the United States (RPCUS)
Q2: What is the name of the Asian Presbyterian Church in the United States?
A2: Korean American Presbyterian Church
Q3: What is the full name of this American Presbyterian church under this abbreviation (ARP)?
A3: Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church
Digestion (Natural sciences)

Other animals, such as rabbits and rodents, practise coprophagia behaviours - eating specialised faeces in order to re-digest food, especially in the case of roughage. Capybara, rabbits, hamsters and other related species do not have a complex digestive system as do, for example, ruminants. Instead they extract more nutrition from grass by giving their food a second pass through the gut. Soft faecal pellets of partially digested food are excreted and generally consumed immediately. They also produce normal droppings, which are not eaten.

Q1: What is the practive of coprophagia behaviours?
A1: eating specialised faeces in order to re-digest food
Q2: Why do some animals pass food through their gut twice?
A2: extract more nutrition
Q3: What happens with these soft feacal pellets?
A3: excreted and generally consumed immediately
Q4: Are normal droppings also eaten? 
A4: not eaten
Genocide (History)

Other authors have focused on the structural conditions leading up to genocide and the psychological and social processes that create an evolution toward genocide. Ervin Staub showed that economic deterioration and political confusion and disorganization were starting points of increasing discrimination and violence in many instances of genocides and mass killing. They lead to scapegoating a group and ideologies that identified that group as an enemy. A history of devaluation of the group that becomes the victim, past violence against the group that becomes the perpetrator leading to psychological wounds, authoritarian cultures and political systems, and the passivity of internal and external witnesses (bystanders) all contribute to the probability that the violence develops into genocide. Intense conflict between groups that is unresolved, becomes intractable and violent can also lead to genocide. The conditions that lead to genocide provide guidance to early prevention, such as humanizing a devalued group, creating ideologies that embrace all groups, and activating bystander responses. There is substantial research to indicate how this can be done, but information is only slowly transformed into action.

Q1: In the build-up to genocide, what have other authors focused on?
A1: structural conditions
Q2: What processes are thought to create an evolution toward genocide?
A2: psychological and social
Q3: Who revealed the starting points of this evolution to be economic deterioration and political confusion?
A3: Ervin Staub
Q4: A history of what is just one factor that contributes to the probability of violence developing into genocide?
A4: devaluation of the group
Q5: What is one preventive effort in circumventing conditions that lead to genocide?
A5: humanizing a devalued group
Karl_Popper (Natural sciences)

Other awards and recognition for Popper included the City of Vienna Prize for the Humanities (1965), Karl Renner Prize (1978), Austrian Decoration for Science and Art (1980), Dr. Leopold Lucas Prize (1981), Ring of Honour of the City of Vienna (1983) and the Premio Internazionale of the Italian Federico Nietzsche Society (1988). In 1992, he was awarded the Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy for "symbolising the open spirit of the 20th century" and for his "enormous influence on the formation of the modern intellectual climate".

Q1: In which year did Popper win the Karl Renner Prize?
A1: 1978
Q2: Which city made Popper part of its Ring of Honour in 1983?
A2: Vienna
Q3: What award given by a Japanese foundation did Popper win in 1992?
A3: Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy
Q4: Popper won the Dr. Leopold Lucas Prize in which year?
A4: 1981
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States (History)

Other capital crimes include: the use of a weapon of mass destruction resulting in death, espionage, terrorism, certain violations of the Geneva Conventions that result in the death of one or more persons, and treason at the federal level; aggravated rape in Louisiana, Florida, and Oklahoma; extortionate kidnapping in Oklahoma; aggravated kidnapping in Georgia, Idaho, Kentucky and South Carolina; aircraft hijacking in Alabama and Mississippi; assault by an escaping capital felon in Colorado; armed robbery in Georgia; drug trafficking resulting in a person's death in Florida; train wrecking which leads to a person's death, and perjury which leads to a person's death in California, Colorado, Idaho and Nebraska.

Q1: What is a notable capital crime in Louisiana?
A1: aggravated rape
Q2: In what state is extortionate kidnapping a capital offense?
A2: Oklahoma
Q3: Along with Alabama, where is hijacking an aircraft a death penalty offense?
A3: Mississippi
Q4: In what state is armed robbery a capital crime?
A4: Georgia
Q5: In what states is perjury leading to death a capital offense?
A5: California, Colorado, Idaho and Nebraska
Canon_law (Philosophy and religion)

Other churches in the Anglican Communion around the world (e.g., the Episcopal Church in the United States, and the Anglican Church of Canada) still function under their own private systems of canon law.

Q1: What is a term for the Church of England and churches that align with it?
A1: the Anglican Communion
Q2: What is an example of a member of the Anglican Communion in America?
A2: the Episcopal Church
Q3: What is an example of a member of the Anglican Communion in Canada?
A3: the Anglican Church of Canada
Q4: What do extant churches of the Anglican Communion still operate with?
A4: their own private systems of canon law
Gothic_architecture (Art and architecture)

Other cities with a concentration of secular Gothic include Bruges and Siena. Most surviving small secular buildings are relatively plain and straightforward; most windows are flat-topped with mullions, with pointed arches and vaulted ceilings often only found at a few focal points. The country-houses of the nobility were slow to abandon the appearance of being a castle, even in parts of Europe, like England, where defence had ceased to be a real concern. The living and working parts of many monastic buildings survive, for example at Mont Saint-Michel.

Q1: What is one city with an accumulation of secular Gothic structures? 
A1: Bruges
Q2: What is another city with an accumulation of secular Gothic structures? 
A2: Siena
Q3: What style are most windows on secular Gothic structures?
A3: flat-topped with mullions
Q4: Where are pointed arches and vaulted ceilings found on most secular Gothic structures?
A4: a few focal points
Q5: What is the name of the surviving monastic building in England? 
A5: Mont Saint-Michel
Hellenistic_period (History)

Other city states formed federated states in self-defense, such as the Aetolian League (est. 370 BCE), the Achaean League (est. 280 BCE), the Boeotian league, the "Northern League" (Byzantium, Chalcedon, Heraclea Pontica and Tium) and the "Nesiotic League" of the Cyclades. These federations involved a central government which controlled foreign policy and military affairs, while leaving most of the local governing to the city states, a system termed sympoliteia. In states such as the Achaean league, this also involved the admission of other ethnic groups into the federation with equal rights, in this case, non-Achaeans. The Achean league was able to drive out the Macedonians from the Peloponnese and free Corinth, which duly joined the league.

Q1: When was the Aetolian League formed?
A1: 370 BCE
Q2: When was the Achaean League formed?
A2: 280 BCE
Q3: Byzantium, Chalcedon, Heraclea Pontica and Tium formed what league?
A3: Northern League
Q4: What system delegates military and foreign affairs to the central government and local affairs to the city states?
A4: sympoliteia
Q5: What league freed Corinth?
A5: Achean
Prime_minister (Social sciences and society)

Other common forms include president of the council of ministers (for example in Italy, Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), President of the Executive Council, or Minister-President. In the Scandinavian countries the prime minister is called statsminister in the native languages (i.e. minister of state). In federations, the head of government of subnational entities such as provinces is most commonly known as the premier, chief minister, governor or minister-president.

Q1: What is the Italian term for the prime minister?
A1: president of the council of ministers
Q2: What is the native term for prime minister in Scandinavia?
A2: statsminister
War_on_Terror (History)

Other critics, such as Francis Fukuyama, note that "terrorism" is not an enemy, but a tactic; calling it a "war on terror", obscures differences between conflicts such as anti-occupation insurgents and international mujahideen. With a military presence in Iraq and Afghanistan and its associated collateral damage Shirley Williams maintains this increases resentment and terrorist threats against the West. There is also perceived U.S. hypocrisy, media-induced hysteria, and that differences in foreign and security policy have damaged America's image in most of the world.

Q1: What flaw in the 'war on terror' name did Francis Fukuyama point out?
A1: "terrorism" is not an enemy, but a tactic
Q2: What does the 'war on terror' name obscure?
A2: differences between conflicts such as anti-occupation insurgents and international mujahideen
Q3: Who said the US's presence in Iraq increases resentment and terrorists?
A3: Shirley Williams
Q4: What fed US hysteria about terrorism?
A4: media
Q5: What has the 'war on terror' done to the US's international image?
A5: damaged
Insect (Natural sciences)

Other developmental and reproductive variations include haplodiploidy, polymorphism, paedomorphosis or peramorphosis, sexual dimorphism, parthenogenesis and more rarely hermaphroditism.:143 In haplodiploidy, which is a type of sex-determination system, the offspring's sex is determined by the number of sets of chromosomes an individual receives. This system is typical in bees and wasps. Polymorphism is where a species may have different morphs or forms, as in the oblong winged katydid, which has four different varieties: green, pink and yellow or tan. Some insects may retain phenotypes that are normally only seen in juveniles; this is called paedomorphosis. In peramorphosis, an opposite sort of phenomenon, insects take on previously unseen traits after they have matured into adults. Many insects display sexual dimorphism, in which males and females have notably different appearances, such as the moth Orgyia recens as an exemplar of sexual dimorphism in insects.

Q1: Polymophism is a developmental and reproductive what?
A1: variations
Q2: Haplodiploidy is what type of system?
A2: sex-determination system
Q3: The number of chromosome sets determines the offspring's what?
A3: sex
Q4: The sex-determination system is found in which insects?
A4: bees and wasps
Q5: Polymophism species have different forms or what else?
A5: morphs
Armenia (History)

Other educational institutions in Armenia include the American University of Armenia and the QSI International School of Yerevan. The American University of Armenia has graduate programs in Business and Law, among others. The institution owes its existence to the combined efforts of the Government of Armenia, the Armenian General Benevolent Union, U.S. Agency for International Development, and the University of California. The extension programs and the library at AUA form a new focal point for English-language intellectual life in the city. Armenia also hosts a deployment of OLPC – One Laptopschool Per child XO laptop-tablet schools.

Q1: What does OLPC stand for?
A1: One Laptopschool Per child
Q2: What are the names of some of the other higher education organizations in Armenia?
A2: American University of Armenia and the QSI International School of Yerevan
Q3: What are some of the graduate programs available at AUA?
A3: Business and Law
Yale_University (History)

Other examples of the Gothic (also called neo-Gothic and collegiate Gothic) style are on Old Campus by such architects as Henry Austin, Charles C. Haight and Russell Sturgis. Several are associated with members of the Vanderbilt family, including Vanderbilt Hall, Phelps Hall, St. Anthony Hall (a commission for member Frederick William Vanderbilt), the Mason, Sloane and Osborn laboratories, dormitories for the Sheffield Scientific School (the engineering and sciences school at Yale until 1956) and elements of Silliman College, the largest residential college.

Q1: What architects have buildings in the Yale Old Campus?
A1: Henry Austin, Charles C. Haight and Russell Sturgis
Q2: What is the largest residential college?
A2: Silliman College
Q3: Which school was used as the engineering and sciences school until 1956?
A3: Sheffield Scientific School
Q4: What are some other terms for the gothic style buildings in the Old Campus at Yale?
A4: neo-Gothic and collegiate Gothic
New_York_City (Geography and places)

Other features of the city's transportation infrastructure encompass more than 12,000 yellow taxicabs; various competing startup transportation network companies; and an aerial tramway that transports commuters between Roosevelt Island and Manhattan Island.

Q1: About how many yellow cabs operate in New York?
A1: 12,000
Q2: Where does the aerial tramway that starts on Roosevelt Island terminate?
A2: Manhattan Island
Jews (History)

Other historians believe that conversion during the Roman era was limited in number and did not account for much of the Jewish population growth, due to various factors such as the illegality of male conversion to Judaism in the Roman world from the mid-2nd century. Another factor that would have made conversion difficult in the Roman world was the halakhic requirement of circumcision, a requirement that proselytizing Christianity quickly dropped. The Fiscus Judaicus, a tax imposed on Jews in 70 CE and relaxed to exclude Christians in 96 CE, also limited Judaism's appeal. In addition, historians argue the very figure (4 million) that had been guessed to account for the population of Jews in the ancient Roman Empire is an error that has long been disproven and thus the assumption that conversion impacted Jewish population growth in ancient Rome on a large scale is false. The 8 million figure is also in doubt as it may refer to a census of total Roman citizens.

Q1: What is a tax imposed on Jews in 70 CE?
A1: The Fiscus Judaicus
Q2: When did the FIscus Judaicus relax to exclude Christians?
A2: 96 CE
Q3: Name one reason historians believe the conversion during the Roman era was limited in number and did not account for much of the Jewish population growth?
A3: illegality of male conversion to Judaism
University (Language and literature)

Other historians find incongruity in the proposition that the very place where the vast number of the scholars that influenced the scientific revolution received their education should also be the place that inhibits their research and the advancement of science. In fact, more than 80% of the European scientists between 1450–1650 included in the Dictionary of Scientific Biography were university trained, of which approximately 45% held university posts. It was the case that the academic foundations remaining from the Middle Ages were stable, and they did provide for an environment that fostered considerable growth and development. There was considerable reluctance on the part of universities to relinquish the symmetry and comprehensiveness provided by the Aristotelian system, which was effective as a coherent system for understanding and interpreting the world. However, university professors still utilized some autonomy, at least in the sciences, to choose epistemological foundations and methods. For instance, Melanchthon and his disciples at University of Wittenberg were instrumental for integrating Copernican mathematical constructs into astronomical debate and instruction. Another example was the short-lived but fairly rapid adoption of Cartesian epistemology and methodology in European universities, and the debates surrounding that adoption, which led to more mechanistic approaches to scientific problems as well as demonstrated an openness to change. There are many examples which belie the commonly perceived intransigence of universities. Although universities may have been slow to accept new sciences and methodologies as they emerged, when they did accept new ideas it helped to convey legitimacy and respectability, and supported the scientific changes through providing a stable environment for instruction and material resources.

Q1: What percentage of scientists from 1450–1650 in the Dictionary of Scientific Biography were taught in a university?
A1: more than 80%
Q2: On the part of universities what was their reaction to giving up the Aristotelian system?
A2: considerable reluctance
Q3: What university was Melancthon from?
A3: University of Wittenberg
Q4: What type of epistemology was adopted for a short period of time in European universities?
A4: Cartesian
Q5: The acceptance of new concepts and sciences by universities brought these ideas what?
A5: legitimacy and respectability
Richmond,_Virginia (Geography and places)

Other historical points of interest include St. John's Church, the site of Patrick Henry's famous "Give me liberty or give me death" speech, and the Edgar Allan Poe Museum, features many of his writings and other artifacts of his life, particularly when he lived in the city as a child, a student, and a successful writer. The John Marshall House, the home of the former Chief Justice of the United States, is also located downtown and features many of his writings and objects from his life. Hollywood Cemetery is the burial grounds of two U.S. Presidents as well as many Civil War officers and soldiers.

Q1: What office was held by the inhabitant of the John Marshall House?
A1: Chief Justice of the United States
Q2: How many United States presidents are interred in Hollywood Cemetery?
A2: two
Q3: Who gave a speech that contained the famous saying "Give me liberty or give me death"?
A3: Patrick Henry
Q4: Where did Patrick Henry deliver his memorable speech?
A4: St. John's Church
Immunology (Natural sciences)

Other immune system disorders include various hypersensitivities (such as in asthma and other allergies) that respond inappropriately to otherwise harmless compounds.

Q1: What is a type of immune system disorder?
A1: hypersensitivities
Q2: What are some examples of hypersensitivities?
A2: asthma and other allergies
Q3: What characterizes a hypersensitivity?
A3: respond inappropriately to otherwise harmless compounds.
Mosaic (Art and architecture)

Other important Venetian mosaics can be found in the Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta in Torcello from the 12th century, and in the Basilical of Santi Maria e Donato in Murano with a restored apse mosaic from the 12th century and a beautiful mosaic pavement (1140). The apse of the San Cipriano Church in Murano was decorated with an impressive golden mosaic from the early 13th century showing Christ enthroned with Mary, St John and the two patron saints, Cipriano and Cipriana. When the church was demolished in the 19th century, the mosaic was bought by Frederick William IV of Prussia. It was reassembled in the Friedenskirche of Potsdam in the 1840s.

Q1: Where is the Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta?
A1: Torcello
Q2: When were the mosaics in the Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta built?
A2: the 12th century
Q3: Where is the Basilica of Santi Maria e Donato located?
A3: Murano
Q4: Who purchased the 13th century mosaic from the the San Cipriano Church?
A4: Frederick William IV of Prussia
Q5: Where did Frederick William IV relocate the mural he purchased?
A5: the Friedenskirche of Potsdam
Great_power (History)

Other important criteria throughout history are that great powers should have enough influence to be included in discussions of political and diplomatic questions of the day, and have influence on the final outcome and resolution. Historically, when major political questions were addressed, several great powers met to discuss them. Before the era of groups like the United Nations, participants of such meetings were not officially named, but were decided based on their great power status. These were conferences which settled important questions based on major historical events. This might mean deciding the political resolution of various geographical and nationalist claims following a major conflict, or other contexts.

Q1: What discussion should great powers be included on?
A1: political and diplomatic questions of the day
Q2: Historically, when would great powers meet?
A2: when major political questions were addressed
Q3: What types of decisions would great powers reach?
A3: political resolution of various geographical and nationalist claims following a major conflict, or other contexts
Boston (Geography and places)

Other important industries are financial services, especially mutual funds and insurance. Boston-based Fidelity Investments helped popularize the mutual fund in the 1980s and has made Boston one of the top financial cities in the United States. The city is home to the headquarters of Santander Bank, and Boston is a center for venture capital firms. State Street Corporation, which specializes in asset management and custody services, is based in the city. Boston is a printing and publishing center — Houghton Mifflin Harcourt is headquartered within the city, along with Bedford-St. Martin's Press and Beacon Press. Pearson PLC publishing units also employ several hundred people in Boston. The city is home to three major convention centers—the Hynes Convention Center in the Back Bay, and the Seaport World Trade Center and Boston Convention and Exhibition Center on the South Boston waterfront. The General Electric Corporation announced in January 2016 its decision to move the company's global headquarters to the Seaport District in Boston, from Fairfield, Connecticut, citing factors including Boston's preeminence in the realm of higher education.

Q1: Mutual funds and insurance are what type of industry?
A1: financial services
Q2: What Boston investment firm helped make mutual funds popular in the 1980's?
A2: Fidelity Investments
Q3: What helped make Boston one of the top financial cities in the US?
A3: Fidelity Investments
Q4: Boston is the center for what type of capital firms?
A4: venture capital
Q5: In 2016, GE Corporation decided to move its global headquarters to where?
A5: the Seaport District in Boston
New_York_City (Geography and places)

Other important sectors include medical research and technology, non-profit institutions, and universities. Manufacturing accounts for a significant but declining share of employment, although the city's garment industry is showing a resurgence in Brooklyn. Food processing is a US$5 billion industry that employs more than 19,000 residents.

Q1: How many New Yorkers work in the food processing field?
A1: 19,000
Q2: What is the annual revenue of the food processing industry?
A2: US$5 billion
Q3: In what borough is the garment business prominent?
A3: Brooklyn