LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Hunter-gatherer (Natural sciences)

Hunter-gatherer societies manifest significant variability, depending on climate zone/life zone, available technology and societal structure. Archaeologists examine hunter-gatherer tool kits to measure variability across different groups. Collard et al. (2005) found temperature to be the only statistically significant factor to impact hunter-gatherer tool kits. Using temperature as a proxy for risk, Collard et al.'s results suggest that environments with extreme temperatures pose a threat to hunter-gatherer systems significant enough to warrant increased variability of tools. These results support Torrence's (1989) theory that risk of failure is indeed the most important factor in determining the structure of hunter-gatherer toolkits.

Q1: What is the only important factor in hunter-gatherer tool choices?
A1: temperature
Q2: What does climate produce in hunter-gatherer societies?
A2: variability
Q3: What is the threat that extreme temperature causes in environment?
A3: significant
Q4: What does temperature impact on tool kits?
A4: increased variability of tools
Q5: What is Torrence's 1989 theory about that ties into tool kit variability ?
A5: risk of failure
Hunter-gatherer (Natural sciences)

Hunter-gatherers tend to have an egalitarian social ethos, although settled hunter-gatherers (for example, those inhabiting the Northwest Coast of North America) are an exception to this rule. Nearly all African hunter-gatherers are egalitarian, with women roughly as influential and powerful as men.

Q1: What is the social style of hunter-gather societies?
A1: egalitarian
Q2:  Where do people who are an exception to egalitarianism live?
A2: Northwest Coast of North America
Q3: what group of hunter-gatherers are nearly all egalitarian?
A3: African
Hunter-gatherer (Natural sciences)

Hunter-gatherers would eventually flourish all over the Americas, primarily based in the Great Plains of the United States and Canada, with offshoots as far east as the Gaspé Peninsula on the Atlantic coast, and as far south as Chile, Monte Verde.[citation needed] American hunter-gatherers were spread over a wide geographical area, thus there were regional variations in lifestyles. However, all the individual groups shared a common style of stone tool production, making knapping styles and progress identifiable. This early Paleo-Indian period lithic reduction tool adaptations have been found across the Americas, utilized by highly mobile bands consisting of approximately 25 to 50 members of an extended family.

Q1: Where did the North American hunter-gathers mostly live?
A1: Great Plains
Q2: What basic trait do all hunter-gatherers share?
A2: stone tool production
Q3: What is it about the tool styles that is remarkable?
A3: common style
Q4: Where have early Paleo -Indian tools been found?
A4: across the Americas
Q5: How many members did the mobile tool-making hunters often have?
A5: 25 to 50 members
Hunting (Sports and recreation)

Hunter-gathering lifestyles remained prevalent in some parts of the New World, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Siberia, as well as all of Australia, until the European Age of Discovery. They still persist in some tribal societies, albeit in rapid decline. Peoples that preserved paleolithic hunting-gathering until the recent past include some indigenous peoples of the Amazonas (Aché), some Central and Southern African (San people), some peoples of New Guinea (Fayu), the Mlabri of Thailand and Laos, the Vedda people of Sri Lanka, and a handful of uncontacted peoples. In Africa, the only remaining full-time hunter-gatherers are the Hadza of Tanzania.[citation needed]

Q1: What type of lifestyle was prevalent in Siberia until the European Age of Discovery?
A1: Hunter-gathering
Q2: Where does the hunter-gathering lifestyle persist, though in decline?
A2: some tribal societies
Q3: Indigenous peoples of the Amazonas preserved what until the recent past?
A3: paleolithic hunting-gathering
Q4: Who are the only remaining full-time hunter-gatherers in Africa?
A4: the Hadza of Tanzania
Q5: Hunter-gathering lifestyles remained prevalent until when?
A5: European Age of Discovery
Q6: What parts of the New World did the hunter-gathering lifestyles remain?
A6: Sub-Saharan Africa, and Siberia, as well as all of Australia
Q7: Who are the only remaining full-time hunter-gatherers in Africa?
A7: Hadza of Tanzania
Bird_migration (Natural sciences)

Hunting along migration routes threatens some bird species. The populations of Siberian cranes (Leucogeranus leucogeranus) that wintered in India declined due to hunting along the route, particularly in Afghanistan and Central Asia. Birds were last seen in their favourite wintering grounds in Keoladeo National Park in 2002. Structures such as power lines, wind farms and offshore oil-rigs have also been known to affect migratory birds. Other migration hazards include pollution, storms, wildfires, and habitat destruction along migration routes, denying migrants food at stopover points. For example, in the East Asian–Australasian Flyway, up to 65% of key intertidal habitat at the Yellow Sea migration bottleneck has been destroyed since the 1950s.

Q1: What threatens some bird species?
A1: Hunting along migration routes
Q2: What species declined due to hunting in Afghanistand and Asia?
A2: Siberian cranes
Q3: When were birds last seen in Keoladeo National Park?
A3: 2002
Q4: What can power lines, wind farms and oil rigs affect?
A4: migratory birds
Q5: What are other migration hazards?
A5: pollution, storms, wildfires, and habitat destruction
Hunting (Sports and recreation)

Hunting also has a significant financial impact in the United States, with many companies specialising in hunting equipment or speciality tourism. Many different technologies have been created to assist hunters, even including iPhone applications. Today's hunters come from a broad range of economic, social, and cultural backgrounds. In 2001, over thirteen million hunters averaged eighteen days hunting, and spent over $20.5 billion on their sport.[citation needed] In the US, proceeds from hunting licenses contribute to state game management programs, including preservation of wildlife habitat.

Q1: Hunting has significant financial impact in what country?
A1: the United States
Q2: What do many companies specialize in apropos to hunting?
A2: equipment or speciality tourism
Q3: "There's an app for that!",  what have been different technologies been created to do?
A3: assist hunters
Q4: What broad range of backgrounds do today's hunters come from?
A4: economic, social, and cultural
Q5: How much money did the thirteen million hunters spend on their sport in 2001?
A5: over $20.5 billion
Q6: What type of financial impact does hunting have on the U.S.?
A6: significant financial impact
Q7: What has been developed in the U.S. to help hunters?
A7: different technologies
Q8: One technology that is available for hunters in the U.S. is?
A8: iPhone applications
Q9: How much did hunters spend in 2001?
A9: over $20.5 billion
Q10: What do the proceeds from hunting assist with?
A10: preservation of wildlife habitat
Hunter-gatherer (Natural sciences)

Hunting and gathering was humanity's first and most successful adaptation, occupying at least 90 percent of human history. Following the invention of agriculture, hunter-gatherers have been displaced or conquered by farming or pastoralist groups in most parts of the world.

Q1: What has been humans' best adaptation in food production?
A1: Hunting and gathering
Q2: What was the first way humans used to find food?
A2: Hunting and gathering
Q3: What stopped the widespread use of hunting and gathering?
A3: invention of agriculture
Q4: What are the basic types of agricultural groups?
A4: farming or pastoralist groups
Hunter-gatherer (Natural sciences)

Hunting and gathering was presumably the subsistence strategy employed by human societies beginning some 1.8 million years ago, by Homo erectus, and from its appearance some 0.2 million years ago by Homo sapiens. It remained the only mode of subsistence until the end of the Mesolithic period some 10,000 years ago, and after this was replaced only gradually with the spread of the Neolithic Revolution.

Q1: When did human populations begin using hunting-gathering?
A1: 1.8 million years ago
Q2: What phase of human used subsistence strategies to find food?
A2: Homo erectus
Q3: When did Homo sapiens begin using subsistence gathering?
A3: 0.2 million years ago
Q4: When did hunting-gathering begin to fade from use?
A4: 10,000 years ago
Q5: What began replacing hunting-gathering at the end of the Mesolithic period?
A5: Neolithic Revolution
Hunting (Sports and recreation)

Hunting big game typically requires a "tag" for each animal harvested. Tags must be purchased in addition to the hunting license, and the number of tags issued to an individual is typically limited. In cases where there are more prospective hunters than the quota for that species, tags are usually assigned by lottery. Tags may be further restricted to a specific area, or wildlife management unit. Hunting migratory waterfowl requires a duck stamp from the Fish and Wildlife Service in addition to the appropriate state hunting license.

Q1: What is required when hunting big game?
A1: a "tag" for each animal harvested
Q2: Tags are purchased in addition to what?
A2: the hunting license
Q3: What is typically limited to an individual?
A3: number of tags issued
Q4: A wildlife management unit is a place where what may be restricted to?
A4: Tags
Q5: What kind of stamp is required to hunt migratory waterfowl?
A5: duck
Q6: When hunting big game what is typically required?
A6: tag
Q7: What must be purchased with hunting license is comes in a limited number?
A7: Tags
Q8: How are tags assigned if there are more hunters than game?
A8: by lottery
Q9: What is required of hunting migratory waterfowl?
A9: duck stamp
Q10: Who issues requirement for hunting migratory waterfowl?
A10: Fish and Wildlife Service
Hunting (Sports and recreation)

Hunting in the United States is not associated with any particular class or culture; a 2006 poll showed seventy-eight percent of Americans supported legal hunting, although relatively few Americans actually hunt. At the beginning of the 21st century, just six percent of Americans hunted. Southerners in states along the eastern seaboard hunted at a rate of five percent, slightly below the national average, and while hunting was more common in other parts of the South at nine percent, these rates did not surpass those of the Plains states, where twelve percent of Midwesterners hunted. Hunting in other areas of the country fell below the national average. Overall, in the 1996–2006 period, the number of hunters over the age of sixteen declined by ten percent, a drop attributable to a number of factors including habitat loss and changes in recreation habits.

Q1: What is hunting in the U.S. not associated with?
A1: any particular class or culture
Q2: What percentage of Americans supported legal hunting in 2006?
A2: seventy-eight percent
Q3: What percentage of Americans actually hunted at the beginning of the 21st century?
A3: just six percent
Q4: What percentage of Midwesterners hunted?
A4: twelve percent
Q5: How much did the number of hunters over the age of sixteen decline in the period between 1996-2006?
A5: ten percent
Q6: What percentage of Americans support legal hunting?
A6: seventy-eight percent
Q7: What percentage of Americans actually hunted at the beginning of the 21st century?
A7: six percent
Q8: South Easterners hunted at what rate?
A8: five percent
Q9: Midwesterners hunted at what rate?
A9: twelve percent
Q10: What years did hunting decline?
A10: 1996–2006
Hunting (Sports and recreation)

Hunting is claimed to give resource managers an important tool in managing populations that might exceed the carrying capacity of their habitat and threaten the well-being of other species, or, in some instances, damage human health or safety.[citation needed] However, in most circumstances carrying capacity is determined by a combination habitat and food availability, and hunting for 'population control' has no effect on the annual population of species.[citation needed] In some cases, it can increase the population of predators such as coyotes by removing territorial bounds that would otherwise be established, resulting in excess neighbouring migrations into an area, thus artificially increasing the population. Hunting advocates[who?] assert that hunting reduces intraspecific competition for food and shelter, reducing mortality among the remaining animals. Some environmentalists assert[who?] that (re)introducing predators would achieve the same end with greater efficiency and less negative effect, such as introducing significant amounts of free lead into the environment and food chain.

Q1: What does hunting give resource managers an important tool?
A1: managing populations
Q2: What is carrying capacity in most circumstances determined by?
A2: combination habitat and food availability,
Q3: What do some environmentalists assert reintroducing predators would achieve?
A3: same end
Q4: How is hunting an important tool for resource managers?
A4: managing populations
Q5: What happens if a population exceeds the carrying capacity of their habitat?
A5: threaten the well-being of other species
Q6: How can hunting actually increase the population of predators?
A6: by removing territorial bounds that would otherwise be established
Q7: What do some hunting advocates assert that is indirectly reduced among animals when intraspecific competition has been reduced?
A7: mortality
Q8: What would environmentalists have done, instead of hunting?
A8: (re)introducing predators
Q9: What is an important tool in managing populations?
A9: Hunting
Q10: What is carrying capacity determined by?
A10: combination habitat and food availability
Q11: What can it increase the population of?
A11: predators
Hunting (Sports and recreation)

Hunting is primarily regulated by state law; additional regulations are imposed through United States environmental law in the case of migratory birds and endangered species. Regulations vary widely from state to state and govern the areas, time periods, techniques and methods by which specific game animals may be hunted. Some states make a distinction between protected species and unprotected species (often vermin or varmints for which there are no hunting regulations). Hunters of protected species require a hunting license in all states, for which completion of a hunting safety course is sometimes a prerequisite.

Q1: What law primarily regulates hunting?
A1: state
Q2: What additional type of law applies in the case of migratory birds and endangered species?
A2: environmental
Q3: What varies widely from state to state?
A3: Regulations
Q4: What do some states make a distinction between?
A4: protected species and unprotected species
Q5: What do hunters of protected species require in all states?
A5: a hunting license
Q6: How is hunting regulated?
A6: by state law
Q7: Migratory birds and endangered species are protected by what law?
A7: United States environmental law
Q8: What hunters require a hunting license in all states?
A8: Hunters of protected species
Q9: What is sometimes a prerequisite of obtaining a hunting license?
A9: hunting safety course
Hunting (Sports and recreation)

Hunting is the practice of killing or trapping any animal, or pursuing or tracking it with the intent of doing so. Hunting wildlife or feral animals is most commonly done by humans for food, recreation, to remove predators which are dangerous to humans or domestic animals, or for trade. In the 2010s, lawful hunting is distinguished from poaching, which is the illegal killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species. The species that are hunted are referred to as game or prey and are usually mammals and birds.

Q1: What is the practice of killing or trapping any animal?
A1: Hunting
Q2: Why do humans most commonly hunt wildlife?
A2: food
Q3: What is there a distinction between lawful hunting and?
A3: poaching
Q4: What is poaching?
A4: illegal killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species
Q5: What is the species which is hunted referred to as?
A5: prey
Q6: What is the practice of killing or trapping any animal called?
A6: Hunting
Q7: Illegally killing, capturing or trapping an hunted species is called what?
A7: poaching
Q8: Hunted species are usually referred to as what?
A8: game or prey
Q9: What animals are usually hunted?
A9: mammals and birds
Q10: What is it called to kill or trap an animal?
A10: Hunting
Q11: What species are usually hunted?
A11: mammals and birds
Q12: Why do humans hunt?
A12: food, recreation, to remove predators
Q13: When was lawful hunting distinguished from poaching?
A13: 2010s
Q14: Species hunted are referred to as what? 
A14: game or prey
Hunter-gatherer (Natural sciences)

Hunting-gathering was the common human mode of subsistence throughout the Paleolithic, but the observation of current-day hunters and gatherers does not necessarily reflect Paleolithic societies; the hunter-gatherer cultures examined today have had much contact with modern civilization and do not represent "pristine" conditions found in uncontacted peoples.

Q1: How do modern hunters and gathers differ from early ones?
A1: contact with modern civilization
Q2: What type of conditions are not present in modern societies?
A2: pristine
Q3: Where do you find groups that represent pristine conditions?
A3: in uncontacted peoples
Q4: What do modern hunter-gatherers not reflect?
A4: Paleolithic societies
Late_Middle_Ages (History)

Hunyadi succeeded during the Siege of Belgrade in 1456 against the Ottomans, the biggest victory against that empire in decades. This battle became a real Crusade against the Muslims, as the peasants were motivated by the Franciscan monk Saint John of Capistrano, who came from Italy predicating Holy War. The effect that it created in that time was one of the main factors that helped in achieving the victory. However the premature death of the Hungarian Lord left Pannonia defenseless and in chaos. In an extremely unusual event for the Middle Ages, Hunyadi's son, Matthias, was elected as King of Hungary by the nobility. For the first time, a member of an aristocratic family (and not from a royal family) was crowned.

Q1: Which Franciscan monk motivated the peasants to fight against Muslims at the Siege of Belgrade?
A1: Saint John of Capistrano
Q2: In what year was the Siege of Belgrade fought?
A2: 1456
Q3: Who did the Hungarian nobility elect as King of Hungary?
A3: Matthias
Q4: Which country did Saint Francis of Capistrano come from?
A4: Italy
Q5: When John Hunyadi died, which province was left in chaos?
A5: Pannonia
Cork_(city) (History)

Hurling and football are the most popular spectator sports in the city. Hurling has a strong identity with city and county – with Cork winning 30 All-Ireland Championships. Gaelic football is also popular, and Cork has won 7 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship titles. There are many Gaelic Athletic Association clubs in Cork City, including Blackrock National Hurling Club, St. Finbarr's, Glen Rovers, Na Piarsaigh and Nemo Rangers. The main public venues are Páirc Uí Chaoimh and Páirc Uí Rinn (named after the noted Glen Rovers player Christy Ring). Camogie (hurling for ladies) and women's gaelic football are increasing in popularity.

Q1: What are the biggest sports draws in Cork?
A1: Hurling and football
Q2: How many All-Ireland Championships has Cork won?
A2: 30
Q3: How many All-Ireland Senior Football Championship titles have been won by Cork?
A3: 7
Q4: What kind of hurling do the women of Cork play?
A4: Camogie
Q5: What sport has been gaining steam as more and more women play?
A5: gaelic football
Florida (Geography and places)

Hurricanes pose a severe threat each year during the June 1 to November 30 hurricane season, particularly from August to October. Florida is the most hurricane-prone state, with subtropical or tropical water on a lengthy coastline. Of the category 4 or higher storms that have struck the United States, 83% have either hit Florida or Texas. From 1851 to 2006, Florida was struck by 114 hurricanes, 37 of them major—category 3 and above. It is rare for a hurricane season to pass without any impact in the state by at least a tropical storm.[citation needed]

Q1: What posses a threat each year to Florida 
A1: Hurricanes pose a severe threat
Q2: What percentage of category 4 storms hit Florida 
A2: category 4 or higher storms that have struck the United States, 83% have either hit Florida or Texas
Q3: How many storms hit Florida from 1851 to 2006 
A3: Florida was struck by 114
Apollo (Philosophy and religion)

Hyacinth or Hyacinthus was one of Apollo's male lovers. He was a Spartan prince, beautiful and athletic. The pair was practicing throwing the discus when a discus thrown by Apollo was blown off course by the jealous Zephyrus and struck Hyacinthus in the head, killing him instantly. Apollo is said to be filled with grief: out of Hyacinthus' blood, Apollo created a flower named after him as a memorial to his death, and his tears stained the flower petals with the interjection αἰαῖ, meaning alas. The Festival of Hyacinthus was a celebration of Sparta.

Q1: Who was one of Apollo's male lovers?
A1: Hyacinthus
Q2: What hit Hyacinthus in the head, killing him?
A2: discus
Q3: Who blew the discus off course, killing Hyacinthus?
A3: Zephyrus
Q4: What item did Apollo create and name after his lover?
A4: flower
Hyderabad (Geography and places)

Hyderabad (i/ˈhaɪdərəˌbæd/ HY-dər-ə-bad; often /ˈhaɪdrəˌbæd/) is the capital of the southern Indian state of Telangana and de jure capital of Andhra Pradesh.[A] Occupying 650 square kilometres (250 sq mi) along the banks of the Musi River, it has a population of about 6.7 million and a metropolitan population of about 7.75 million, making it the fourth most populous city and sixth most populous urban agglomeration in India. At an average altitude of 542 metres (1,778 ft), much of Hyderabad is situated on hilly terrain around artificial lakes, including Hussain Sagar—predating the city's founding—north of the city centre.

Q1: Which city is the capital of Telangana?
A1: Hyderabad (i/ˈhaɪdərəˌbæd/ HY-dər-ə-bad; often /ˈhaɪdrəˌbæd/) is the capital of the southern Indian state of Telangana
Q2: How many square miles does Hyderabad cover?
A2: 250 sq mi
Q3: What river is Hyderabad next to?
A3: the Musi River
Q4: What is the population of Hyderabad?
A4: about 6.7 million
Q5: At what altitude is Hyderabad, in meters?
A5: an average altitude of 542 metres
Hyderabad (Geography and places)

Hyderabad emerged as the foremost centre of culture in India with the decline of the Mughal Empire. After the fall of Delhi in 1857, the migration of performing artists to the city particularly from the north and west of the Indian sub continent, under the patronage of the Nizam, enriched the cultural milieu. This migration resulted in a mingling of North and South Indian languages, cultures and religions, which has since led to a co-existence of Hindu and Muslim traditions, for which the city has become noted.:viii A further consequence of this north–south mix is that both Telugu and Urdu are official languages of Telangana. The mixing of religions has also resulted in many festivals being celebrated in Hyderabad such as Ganesh Chaturthi, Diwali and Bonalu of Hindu tradition and Eid ul-Fitr and Eid al-Adha by Muslims.

Q1: What event pushed Hyderabad to the top of India's cultural centres?
A1: the decline of the Mughal Empire
Q2: What major event in India in 1857 caused migration of peformance artists into Hyderabad?
A2: the fall of Delhi
Q3: What are the official languages of Telangana?
A3: Telugu and Urdu
Q4: Which religious group holds the Eid ul-Fitr festival in Hyderabad?
A4: Muslims
Q5: The festival of Diwali is a tradition of what faith?
A5: Hindu