LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 (History)

The Fed then raised the Fed funds rate significantly between July 2004 and July 2006. This contributed to an increase in 1-year and 5-year adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) rates, making ARM interest rate resets more expensive for homeowners. This may have also contributed to the deflating of the housing bubble, as asset prices generally move inversely to interest rates, and it became riskier to speculate in housing. U.S. housing and financial assets dramatically declined in value after the housing bubble burst.

Q1: When did the Fed begin raising Fed funds rate significantly?
A1: July 2004
Q2: What does ARM stand for:
A2: adjustable-rate mortgage
Q3: How do asset prices generally move in relation to interest rates?
A3: inversely
Q4: Beginning in July 2004, what did the Fed do to make ARM rates more expensive for homeowners?
A4: raised the Fed funds rate
Q5: How did U.S. housing and financial assets react to the housing bubble burst?
A5: dramatically declined in value
Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation (History)

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States, which simultaneously serves as the nation's prime federal law enforcement organization. Operating under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Justice, FBI is concurrently a member of the U.S. Intelligence Community and reports to both the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence. A leading U.S. counterterrorism, counterintelligence, and criminal investigative organization, FBI has jurisdiction over violations of more than 200 categories of federal crimes.

Q1: What agency is the domestic intelligence and security service for the US?
A1: FBI
Q2: What organization is the FBI a subset of?
A2: U.S. Department of Justice
Q3: What Director does the FBI report to?
A3: Director of National Intelligence
Q4: How many categories of federal crimes does the FBI have jurisdiction over?
A4: 200
Switzerland (Geography and places)

The Federal Constitution adopted in 1848 is the legal foundation of the modern federal state. It is among the oldest constitutions in the world. A new Constitution was adopted in 1999, but did not introduce notable changes to the federal structure. It outlines basic and political rights of individuals and citizen participation in public affairs, divides the powers between the Confederation and the cantons and defines federal jurisdiction and authority. There are three main governing bodies on the federal level: the bicameral parliament (legislative), the Federal Council (executive) and the Federal Court (judicial).

Q1: When was Switzerland's Federal Constitution adopted?
A1: 1848
Q2: When was a new Constitution adopted in Switzerland?
A2: 1999
Q3: How many main governing bodies are on the federal level in Switzerland?
A3: three
Q4: What is the legislative body of the Swiss government called?
A4: bicameral parliament
Q5: What is the executive body of the Swiss government called?
A5: Federal Council
Switzerland (Geography and places)

The Federal Council constitutes the federal government, directs the federal administration and serves as collective Head of State. It is a collegial body of seven members, elected for a four-year mandate by the Federal Assembly which also exercises oversight over the Council. The President of the Confederation is elected by the Assembly from among the seven members, traditionally in rotation and for a one-year term; the President chairs the government and assumes representative functions. However, the president is a primus inter pares with no additional powers, and remains the head of a department within the administration.

Q1: What serves as the collective Head of State?
A1: The Federal Council
Q2: How many members are in the Federal Council?
A2: seven
Q3: Who elects the members of the Federal Council?
A3: Federal Assembly
Q4: What is the traditional term for the President of the Confederation?
A4: one-year
Q5: Who elects the President of the Confederation from its 7 members?
A5: the Assembly
Bern (Geography and places)

The Federal Palace (Bundeshaus), built from 1857 to 1902, which houses the national parliament, government and part of the federal administration, can also be visited.

Q1: Where is the national parliment housed?
A1: The Federal Palace
Q2: What is the Federal Palace called?
A2: Bundeshaus
Treaty (Language and literature)

The Federal Supreme Court has established that treaties are subject to constitutional review and enjoy the same hierarchical position as ordinary legislation (leis ordinárias, or "ordinary laws", in Portuguese). A more recent ruling by the Supreme Court in 2008 has altered that scheme somewhat, by stating that treaties containing human rights provisions enjoy a status above that of ordinary legislation, though they remain beneath the constitution itself. Additionally, as per the 45th amendment to the constitution, human rights treaties which are approved by Congress by means of a special procedure enjoy the same hierarchical position as a constitutional amendment. The hierarchical position of treaties in relation to domestic legislation is of relevance to the discussion on whether (and how) the latter can abrogate the former and vice versa.

Q1: The Brazilian Federal Supreme Court has ruled that treaties enjoy what position relative to ordinary legislation?
A1: same hierarchical position
Q2: In what year did the Brazilian Supreme Court rule that treaties containing human rights provisions enjoy a status above ordinary legislation?
A2: 2008
Q3: What amendment to the Brazilian constitution states that human rights treaties approved by means of a special procedure by Congress enjoy the same position as a constitutional amendment?
A3: the 45th amendment
Q4: The hierarchical position of treaties relative to domestic legislation in Brazil determines whether the latter can do what to the former and vice versa?
A4: abrogate
Q5: What is the Portuguese term for ordinary laws?
A5: leis ordinárias
Federalism (History)

The Federal War ended in 1863 with the signing of the Treaty of Coche by both the centralist government of the time and the Federal Forces. The United States of Venezuela were subsequently incorporated under a "Federation of Sovereign States" upon principles borrowed from the Articles of Confederation of the United States of America. In this Federation, each State had a "President" of its own that controlled almost every issue, even the creation of "State Armies," while the Federal Army was required to obtain presidential permission to enter any given state.

Q1: When did the federal war end?
A1: 1863
Q2: How did the federal war end? 
A2: with the signing of the Treaty of Coche by both the centralist government of the time and the Federal Forces
Q3: What did the United States of Venezuela incorporate? 
A3: "Federation of Sovereign States" upon principles borrowed from the Articles of Confederation of the United States of America
Q4: In this type of federation each country had its own what? 
A4: President
Federalism (History)

The Federalist Party of the United States was opposed by the Democratic-Republicans, including powerful figures such as Thomas Jefferson. The Democratic-Republicans mainly believed that: the Legislature had too much power (mainly because of the Necessary and Proper Clause) and that they were unchecked; the Executive had too much power, and that there was no check on the executive; a dictator would arise; and that a bill of rights should be coupled with the constitution to prevent a dictator (then believed to eventually be the president) from exploiting or tyrannizing citizens. The federalists, on the other hand, argued that it was impossible to list all the rights, and those that were not listed could be easily overlooked because they were not in the official bill of rights. Rather, rights in specific cases were to be decided by the judicial system of courts.

Q1: What was the federalist party of the United States opposed to?
A1: Democratic-Republicans
Q2: What did the democratic-republican party believe in?
A2: the Legislature had too much power (mainly because of the Necessary and Proper Clause) and that they were unchecked
Q3: Who decided the rights in specific cases?
A3: the judicial system of courts
Gymnastics (Sports and recreation)

The Federation of International Gymnastics (FIG) was founded in Liege in 1881. By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first "modern" Olympic Games in 1896. From then on until the early 1950s, both national and international competitions involved a changing variety of exercises gathered under the rubric, gymnastics, that would seem strange to today's audiences and that included for example, synchronized team floor calisthenics, rope climbing, high jumping, running, and horizontal ladder. During the 1920s, women organized and participated in gymnastics events. The first women's Olympic competition was primitive, only involving synchronized calisthenics and track and field. These games were held in 1928, in Amsterdam.

Q1: Where was the FIG founded?
A1: Liege
Q2: What year was FIG founded?
A2: 1881
Q3: When was gymnastics included in the Olympics?
A3: 1896
Q4: When were the first women's Olympic competitions held?
A4: 1928
Q5: Where were the first women's Olympic competitions held?
A5: in Amsterdam
Northwestern_University (History)

The Feinberg School of Medicine (previously the Northwestern University Medical School) has produced a number of notable graduates, including Mary Harris Thompson, Class of 1870, ad eundem, first female surgeon in Chicago, first female surgeon at Cook County Hospital, and founder of the Mary Thomson Hospital, Roswell Park, Class of 1876, prominent surgeon for whom the Roswell Park Cancer Institute in Buffalo, New York, is named, Daniel Hale Williams, Class of 1883, performed the first successful American open heart surgery; only black charter member of the American College of Surgeons, Charles Horace Mayo, Class of 1888, co-founder of Mayo Clinic, Carlos Montezuma, Class of 1889, one of the first Native Americans to receive a Doctor of Medicine degree from any school, and founder of the Society of American Indians, Howard T. Ricketts, Class of 1897, who discovered bacteria of the genus Rickettsia, and identified the cause and methods of transmission of rocky mountain spotted fever, Allen B. Kanavel, Class of 1899, founder, regent, and president of the American College of Surgeons, internationally recognized as founder of modern hand and peripheral nerve surgery, Robert F. Furchgott, Class of 1940, received a Lasker Award in 1996 and the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his co-discovery of nitric oxide, Thomas E. Starzl, Class of 1952, performed the first successful liver transplant in 1967 and received the National Medal of Science in 2004 and a Lasker Award in 2012, Joseph P. Kerwin, first physician in space, flew on three skylab missions and later served as director of Space and Life Sciences at NASA, C. Richard Schlegel, Class of 1972, developed the dominant patent for a vaccine against human papillomavirus (administered as Gardasil) to prevent cervical cancer, David J. Skorton, Class of 1974, a noted cardiologist became president of Cornell University in 2006, and Andrew E. Senyei, Class of 1979, inventor, venture capitalist, and entrepreneur, founder of biotech and genetics companies, and a university trustee.

Q1: Which graduate of The Feinburg School of Medicine was the Roswell Park Cancer Institute named after?
A1: Mary Harris Thompson
Q2: Which graduate of The Feinburg School of Medicine performed the first successful American open heart surgery?
A2: Daniel Hale Williams
Q3: Which graduate of The Feinburg School of Medicine co-founded the Mayo Clinic?
A3: Charles Horace Mayo
Q4: Which graduate of The Feinburg School of Medicine founded the American College of Surgeons?
A4: Allen B. Kanavel
Q5: Which graduate of The Feinburg School of Medicine was the first physician in space?
A5: Joseph P. Kerwin
Richard_Feynman (Mathematics)

The Feynman Lectures on Physics is perhaps his most accessible work for anyone with an interest in physics, compiled from lectures to Caltech undergraduates in 1961–64. As news of the lectures' lucidity grew, professional physicists and graduate students began to drop in to listen. Co-authors Robert B. Leighton and Matthew Sands, colleagues of Feynman, edited and illustrated them into book form. The work has endured and is useful to this day. They were edited and supplemented in 2005 with "Feynman's Tips on Physics: A Problem-Solving Supplement to the Feynman Lectures on Physics" by Michael Gottlieb and Ralph Leighton (Robert Leighton's son), with support from Kip Thorne and other physicists.

Q1: Where do the Feynman Lectures on Physics pull information from?
A1: compiled from lectures to Caltech undergraduates in 1961–64
Q2: Once the popularity on the lectures grew, who began to attend?
A2: professional physicists and graduate students
Q3: Which two of Feynman's colleagues helped put the lectures into book format?
A3: Robert B. Leighton and Matthew Sands
Q4: Which addendum was added to the Lectures book in 2005?
A4: "Feynman's Tips on Physics: A Problem-Solving Supplement to the Feynman Lectures on Physics
Q5: Who wrote the supplemental material added to the Lectures book in 2005?
A5: Michael Gottlieb and Ralph Leighton
Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact (History)

The Finnish and Baltic invasions began a deterioration of relations between the Soviets and Germany. Stalin's invasions were a severe irritant to Berlin, as the intent to accomplish these was not communicated to the Germans beforehand, and prompted concern that Stalin was seeking to form an anti-German bloc. Molotov's reassurances to the Germans, and the Germans' mistrust, intensified. On June 16, as the Soviets invaded Lithuania, but before they had invaded Latvia and Estonia, Ribbentrop instructed his staff "to submit a report as soon as possible as to whether in the Baltic States a tendency to seek support from the Reich can be observed or whether an attempt was made to form a bloc."

Q1: Who wanted to know the moment an anti-german bloc was to form?
A1: Ribbentrop
Q2: Why did the Germans distrust the soviet agenda?
A2: Stalin's invasions were a severe irritant
Q3: What caused distrust between the German and Soviet governments?
A3: Stalin's invasions were a severe irritant to Berlin
Protestantism (Philosophy and religion)

The First Great Awakening was an evangelical and revitalization movement that swept through Protestant Europe and British America, especially the American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s, leaving a permanent impact on American Protestantism. It resulted from powerful preaching that gave listeners a sense of deep personal revelation of their need of salvation by Jesus Christ. Pulling away from ritual, ceremony, sacramentalism and hierarchy, it made Christianity intensely personal to the average person by fostering a deep sense of spiritual conviction and redemption, and by encouraging introspection and a commitment to a new standard of personal morality.

Q1: What movement occurred during the 1730's and 1740's?
A1: The First Great Awakening
Q2: What movement made a permanent mark on Protestantism in the U.S.?
A2: The First Great Awakening
Egypt (Geography and places)

The First Intermediate Period ushered in a time of political upheaval for about 150 years. Stronger Nile floods and stabilisation of government, however, brought back renewed prosperity for the country in the Middle Kingdom c. 2040 BC, reaching a peak during the reign of Pharaoh Amenemhat III. A second period of disunity heralded the arrival of the first foreign ruling dynasty in Egypt, that of the Semitic Hyksos. The Hyksos invaders took over much of Lower Egypt around 1650 BC and founded a new capital at Avaris. They were driven out by an Upper Egyptian force led by Ahmose I, who founded the Eighteenth Dynasty and relocated the capital from Memphis to Thebes.

Q1: How long was the upheval of the first Intermediate period?
A1: 150 years
Q2: In 1650 BC Lower Egypt was control by what invaders?
A2: Hyksos
Q3: What new capital was founded in 1650, lower Egypt?
A3: Avaris
Q4: What was the first foreign ruling dynasty of Egypt?
A4: Semitic Hyksos
Israel (History)

The First Intifada, a Palestinian uprising against Israeli rule, broke out in 1987, with waves of uncoordinated demonstrations and violence occurring in the occupied West Bank and Gaza. Over the following six years, the Intifada became more organised and included economic and cultural measures aimed at disrupting the Israeli occupation. More than a thousand people were killed in the violence. During the 1991 Gulf War, the PLO supported Saddam Hussein and Iraqi Scud missile attacks against Israel. Despite public outrage, Israel heeded US calls to refrain from hitting back and did not participate in that war.

Q1: When did the First Intifada break out?
A1: 1987
Q2: How many people were killed in the violence?
A2: More than a thousand people
Q3: PLO supported who during the Gulf War?
A3: Saddam Hussein
Qing_dynasty (History)

The First Opium War revealed the outdated state of the Chinese military. The Qing navy, composed entirely of wooden sailing junks, was severely outclassed by the modern tactics and firepower of the British Royal Navy. British soldiers, using advanced muskets and artillery, easily outmaneuvered and outgunned Qing forces in ground battles. The Qing surrender in 1842 marked a decisive, humiliating blow to China. The Treaty of Nanjing, the first of the unequal treaties, demanded war reparations, forced China to open up the five ports of Canton, Amoy, Fuchow, Ningpo and Shanghai to western trade and missionaries, and to cede Hong Kong Island to Britain. It revealed many inadequacies in the Qing government and provoked widespread rebellions against the already hugely unpopular regime.

Q1: Who fought the Qing in the First Opium War?
A1: British
Q2: When did the Qing surrender to the British?
A2: 1842
Q3: What treaty marked the end of the First Opium War?
A3: Treaty of Nanjing,
Q4: What 5 ports did the treaty force open?
A4: Canton, Amoy, Fuchow, Ningpo and Shanghai
Q5: What island was given to the British?
A5: Hong Kong Island
Modern_history (Philosophy and religion)

The First World War began in 1914 and lasted to the final Armistice in 1918. The Allied Powers, led by the British Empire, France, Russia until March 1918, Japan and the United States after 1917, defeated the Central Powers, led by the German Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire. The war caused the disintegration of four empires—the Austro-Hungarian, German, Ottoman, and Russian ones—as well as radical change in the European and West Asian maps. The Allied powers before 1917 are referred to as the Triple Entente, and the Central Powers are referred to as the Triple Alliance.

Q1: When did the first World War begin? 
A1: 1914
Q2: Who led the Allied powers?
A2: British Empire, France, Russia
Q3: Who defeated the Central Powers led by the German Empire Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire??
A3: Japan and the United States
Q4: What were the Allied powers referred to before 1917?
A4: Triple Entente
Q5: How many Empires did the war cause destruction to?
A5: four empires
Pub (History)

The Fitzroy Tavern is a pub situated at 16 Charlotte Street in the Fitzrovia district, to which it gives its name. It became famous (or according to others, infamous) during a period spanning the 1920s to the mid-1950s as a meeting place for many of London's artists, intellectuals and bohemians such as Dylan Thomas, Augustus John, and George Orwell. Several establishments in Soho, London, have associations with well-known, post-war literary and artistic figures, including the Pillars of Hercules, The Colony Room and the Coach and Horses. The Canonbury Tavern, Canonbury, was the prototype for Orwell's ideal English pub, The Moon Under Water.

Q1: What is the street address of The Fitzroy Tavern?
A1: 16 Charlotte Street
Q2: In what district of London is The Fitzroy Tavern located?
A2: Fitzrovia
Q3: In what district of London is Pillars of Hercules located?
A3: Soho
Q4: What real-life pub provided the model for Orwell's The Moon Under Water?
A4: The Canonbury Tavern
Q5: In what district of London is The Canonbury Tavern located?
A5: Canonbury
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States (Philosophy and religion)

The Flushing Remonstrance shows support for separation of church and state as early as the mid-17th century, stating their opposition to religious persecution of any sort: "The law of love, peace and liberty in the states extending to Jews, Turks and Egyptians, as they are considered sons of Adam, which is the glory of the outward state of Holland, so love, peace and liberty, extending to all in Christ Jesus, condemns hatred, war and bondage." The document was signed December 27, 1657 by a group of English citizens in America who were affronted by persecution of Quakers and the religious policies of the Governor of New Netherland, Peter Stuyvesant. Stuyvesant had formally banned all religions other than the Dutch Reformed Church from being practiced in the colony, in accordance with the laws of the Dutch Republic. The signers indicated their "desire therefore in this case not to judge lest we be judged, neither to condemn least we be condemned, but rather let every man stand or fall to his own Master." Stuyvesant fined the petitioners and threw them in prison until they recanted. However, John Bowne allowed the Quakers to meet in his home. Bowne was arrested, jailed, and sent to the Netherlands for trial; the Dutch court exonerated Bowne.

Q1: What shows support for the separation of church and state as early as the mid-17th century?
A1: The Flushing Remonstrance
Q2: What were the Remonstrance opposed to?
A2: religious persecution of any sort
Q3: When did a group of English citizens sign a document condemning hatred, war and bondage?
A3: December 27, 1657
Q4: Who were the signers of the document affronted by the persecution of?
A4: Quakers
Q5: What had Peter Stuyvesant formally banned all of other than the Dutch Reformed Church?
A5: religions
Exhibition_game (Sports and recreation)

The Flying Fathers, a Canadian group of Catholic priests, regularly toured North America playing exhibition hockey games for charity. One of the organization's founders, Les Costello, was a onetime NHL player who was ordained as a priest after retiring from professional hockey. Another prominent exhibition hockey team is the Buffalo Sabres Alumni Hockey Team, which is composed almost entirely of retired NHL players, the majority of whom (as the name suggests) played at least a portion of their career for the Buffalo Sabres.

Q1: What nationality is the Flying Fathers team?
A1: Canadian
Q2: What religion is the Flying Fathers team?
A2: Catholic
Q3: Who founded the Flying Fathers?
A3: Les Costello
Q4: What league were most members of the Buffalo Sabres Alumni Hockey Team from?
A4: NHL
Q5: Where are the Saores based?
A5: Buffalo