LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Athanasius_of_Alexandria (Philosophy and religion)

Constantius, renewing his previous policies favoring the Arians, banished Athanasius from Alexandria once again. This was followed, in 356, by an attempt to arrest Athanasius during a vigil service. Athanasius fled to Upper Egypt, where he stayed in several monasteries and other houses. During this period, Athanasius completed his work Four Orations against the Arians and defended his own recent conduct in the Apology to Constantius and Apology for His Flight. Constantius's persistence in his opposition to Athanasius, combined with reports Athanasius received about the persecution of non-Arians by the new Arian bishop George of Laodicea, prompted Athanasius to write his more emotional History of the Arians, in which he described Constantius as a precursor of the Antichrist.

Q1: Who had a policy of condemning Athanasius?
A1: the Arians
Q2: What was Athanasius doing the next time an arrest was attempted?
A2: a vigil service
Q3: Where did Athanasius flee to after this attempt?
A3: Upper Egypt
Q4: What did he write during this time?
A4: Four Orations against the Arians
Q5: In which work did he refer to Constantius as a precursor of the Antichrist?
A5: History of the Arians
Egypt (Geography and places)

Constitutional changes voted on 19 March 2007 prohibited parties from using religion as a basis for political activity, allowed the drafting of a new anti-terrorism law, authorised broad police powers of arrest and surveillance, and gave the president power to dissolve parliament and end judicial election monitoring. In 2009, Dr. Ali El Deen Hilal Dessouki, Media Secretary of the National Democratic Party (NDP), described Egypt as a "pharaonic" political system, and democracy as a "long-term goal". Dessouki also stated that "the real center of power in Egypt is the military".

Q1: What did constitutional changes in 2007 prohibit?
A1: parties from using religion as a basis for political activity
Q2: What was the long term goal for Egypt?
A2: democracy
Q3: What presidential powers were included in 2007 law changes?
A3: power to dissolve parliament and end judicial election monitoring
Q4: What was Dr. Ali El Deen Hilal Dessouki's position?
A4: Media Secretary of the National Democratic Party
Bermuda (History)

Construction began in 1941 of two airbases consisting of 5.8 km2 (2.2 sq mi) of land, largely reclaimed from the sea. For many years, Bermuda's bases were used by US Air Force transport and refuelling aircraft and by US Navy aircraft patrolling the Atlantic for enemy submarines, first German and, later, Soviet. The principal installation, Kindley Air Force Base on the eastern coast, was transferred to the US Navy in 1970 and redesignated Naval Air Station Bermuda. As a naval air station, the base continued to host both transient and deployed USN and USAF aircraft, as well as transitioning or deployed Royal Air Force and Canadian Forces aircraft.

Q1: What did the US begin building in 1941?
A1: two airbases
Q2: Who primarily used the bases in Bermuda?
A2: US Air Force transport and refuelling aircraft and by US Navy aircraft
Q3: What was the navy patrolling for?
A3: enemy submarines, first German and, later, Soviet
Q4: What was the Naval Air Station Bermuda originally?
A4: Kindley Air Force Base
Q5: What is the Naval Air Station used for?
A5: host both transient and deployed USN and USAF aircraft, as well as transitioning or deployed Royal Air Force and Canadian Forces aircraft.
Miami (Geography and places)

Construction is currently underway on the Miami Intermodal Center and Miami Central Station, a massive transportation hub servicing Metrorail, Amtrak, Tri-Rail, Metrobus, Greyhound Lines, taxis, rental cars, MIA Mover, private automobiles, bicycles and pedestrians adjacent to Miami International Airport. Completion of the Miami Intermodal Center is expected to be completed by winter 2011, and will serve over 150,000 commuters and travelers in the Miami area. Phase I of Miami Central Station is scheduled to begin service in the spring of 2012, and Phase II in 2013.

Q1: What year was to see the completion of the Miami Intermodal Center?
A1: 2011
Q2: When was Phase II of the Miami Center Station supposed to enter service?
A2: 2013
Q3: Approximately how many people were intended to use Miami Intermodal Center?
A3: 150,000
Q4: What airport is Miami Intermodal Center next to?
A4: Miami International
Q5: What part of 2012 was to have seen Phase I of Miami Central Station begin?
A5: spring
Eton_College (History)

Construction of the chapel, originally intended to be slightly over twice as long, with eighteen - or possibly seventeen - bays (there are eight today) was stopped when Henry VI was deposed. Only the Quire of the intended building was completed. Eton's first Headmaster, William Waynflete, founder of Magdalen College, Oxford and previously Head Master of Winchester College, built the ante-chapel that finishes the Chapel today. The important wall paintings in the Chapel and the brick north range of the present School Yard also date from the 1480s; the lower storeys of the cloister, including College Hall, had been built between 1441 and 1460.

Q1: Who was Eton's first Headmaster?
A1: William Waynflete
Q2: How old are the wall paintings in the Chapel and School Yard?
A2: 1480s
Q3: Between what years was College Hall built?
A3: 1441 and 1460
Q4: How many bays was the chapel originially intended to have?
A4: eighteen - or possibly seventeen
Q5: How many bays does the chapel have today?
A5: eight
Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas (History)

Contact with European diseases such as smallpox and measles killed between 50 and 67 per cent of the Aboriginal population of North America in the first hundred years after the arrival of Europeans. Some 90 per cent of the native population near Massachusetts Bay Colony died of smallpox in an epidemic in 1617–1619. In 1633, in Plymouth, the Native Americans there were exposed to smallpox because of contact with Europeans. As it had done elsewhere, the virus wiped out entire population groups of Native Americans. It reached Lake Ontario in 1636, and the lands of the Iroquois by 1679. During the 1770s, smallpox killed at least 30% of the West Coast Native Americans. The 1775–82 North American smallpox epidemic and 1837 Great Plains smallpox epidemic brought devastation and drastic population depletion among the Plains Indians. In 1832, the federal government of the United States established a smallpox vaccination program for Native Americans (The Indian Vaccination Act of 1832).

Q1: What percent of the Aboriginal population of North America was killed in the first hundred years after first contact by smallpox and measles?
A1: between 50 and 67 per cent
Q2: How much of the native population near Massachusetts was killed by smallpox in the epidemic between 1617 and 1619?
A2: 90 per cent
Q3: Who were the Native Americans exposed to smallpox because of?
A3: Europeans
Q4: When did smallpox read the lands of the Iroquois?
A4: by 1679
Q5: What did the Indian Vaccination Act of 1832 establish?
A5: a smallpox vaccination program for Native Americans
Political_philosophy (History)

Contemporaneously with the rise of analytic ethics in Anglo-American thought, in Europe several new lines of philosophy directed at critique of existing societies arose between the 1950s and 1980s. Most of these took elements of Marxist economic analysis, but combined them with a more cultural or ideological emphasis. Out of the Frankfurt School, thinkers like Herbert Marcuse, Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer, and Jürgen Habermas combined Marxian and Freudian perspectives. Along somewhat different lines, a number of other continental thinkers—still largely influenced by Marxism—put new emphases on structuralism and on a "return to Hegel". Within the (post-) structuralist line (though mostly not taking that label) are thinkers such as Gilles Deleuze, Michel Foucault, Claude Lefort, and Jean Baudrillard. The Situationists were more influenced by Hegel; Guy Debord, in particular, moved a Marxist analysis of commodity fetishism to the realm of consumption, and looked at the relation between consumerism and dominant ideology formation.

Q1: Herbert Marcuse was from what school?
A1: Frankfurt School,
Q2: Thinkers out of the Frankfurt School combined Marxian and what other perspective?
A2: Freudian
Q3: Who in particular moved a Marxist analysis of commodity fetishism to the realm of consumption? 
A3: Guy Debord
Adult_contemporary_music (Music)

Contemporary Christian music (CCM) has several subgenres, one being "Christian AC". Radio & Records, for instance, lists Christian AC among its format charts. There has been crossover to mainstream and hot AC formats by many of the core artists of the Christian AC genre, notably Amy Grant, Michael W. Smith, Kathy Troccoli, Steven Curtis Chapman, Plumb, and more recently, MercyMe.

Q1: What is CCM an acronym of?
A1: Contemporary Christian music
Q2: What genre of music is performed by MercyMe?
A2: Christian AC
Q3: What publication includes Christian AC with its format charts?
A3: Radio & Records
Q4: Along with mainstream AC, what format has also featured Christian AC artists on a crossover basis?
A4: hot AC
Immaculate_Conception (Philosophy and religion)

Contemporary Eastern Orthodox Christians often object to the dogmatic declaration of her immaculate conception as an "over-elaboration" of the faith and because they see it as too closely connected with a particular interpretation of the doctrine of ancestral sin. All the same, the historical and authentic tradition of Mariology in Byzantium took its historical point of departure from Sophronios, Damascene, and their imitators. The most famous Eastern Orthodox theologian to imply Mary's Immaculate Conception was St. Gregory Palamas. Though many passages from his works were long known to extol and attribute to Mary a Christlike holiness in her human nature, traditional objections to Palamas' disposition toward the Immaculate Conception typically rely on a poor understanding of his doctrine of "the purification of Mary" at the Annunciation. Not only did he explicitly cite St. Gregory Nazianzen for his understanding of Jesus' purification at His baptism and Mary's at the Annunciation, but Theophanes of Nicaea, Joseph Bryennius, and Gennadios Scholarios all explicitly placed Mary's Conception as the first moment of her all-immaculate participation in the divine energies to such a degree that she was always completely without spot and graced. In addition to Emperor Manuel II and Gennadius Scholarius, St. Mark of Ephesus also fervently defended Mary's title as "prepurified" against the Dominican, Manuel Calecas, who was perhaps promoting thomistic Mariology that denied Mary's all-holiness from the first moment of her existence.

Q1: What sect often stands in disagreement over the virginal inception of Mary ?
A1: Contemporary Eastern Orthodox Christians often object to the dogmatic declaration of her immaculate conception
Q2: What does this group believe of the story of a Virgin mother for Mary and those who follow its teaching ?
A2: dogmatic declaration of her immaculate conception as an "over-elaboration"
Q3: What in particular does the group feels is impossible to believe ?
A3: because they see it as too closely connected with a particular interpretation of the doctrine of ancestral sin.
Q4: What is the theological study of Mary called ?
A4: Mariology
Q5: What did this theological study do to set itself apart from the other groups ?
A5: took its historical point of departure from Sophronios, Damascene, and their imitators.
A_cappella (Music)

Contemporary a cappella includes many vocal groups and bands who add vocal percussion or beatboxing to create a pop/rock/gospel sound, in some cases very similar to bands with instruments. Examples of such professional groups include Straight No Chaser, Pentatonix, The House Jacks, Rockapella, Mosaic, and M-pact. There also remains a strong a cappella presence within Christian music, as some denominations purposefully do not use instruments during worship. Examples of such groups are Take 6, Glad and Acappella. Arrangements of popular music for small a cappella ensembles typically include one voice singing the lead melody, one singing a rhythmic bass line, and the remaining voices contributing chordal or polyphonic accompaniment.

Q1: In place of instruments, what do some modern a cappella groups implement?
A1: vocal percussion
Q2: Where does a cappella still maintain a heavy presence?
A2: Christian music
Q3: In a cappella, what do the voices not contributing lead vocals or a bass line contribute?
A3: chordal or polyphonic accompaniment
John,_King_of_England (History)

Contemporary chroniclers were mostly critical of John's performance as king, and his reign has since been the subject of significant debate and periodic revision by historians from the 16th century onwards. Historian Jim Bradbury has summarised the contemporary historical opinion of John's positive qualities, observing that John is today usually considered a "hard-working administrator, an able man, an able general". Nonetheless, modern historians agree that he also had many faults as king, including what historian Ralph Turner describes as "distasteful, even dangerous personality traits", such as pettiness, spitefulness and cruelty. These negative qualities provided extensive material for fiction writers in the Victorian era, and John remains a recurring character within Western popular culture, primarily as a villain in films and stories depicting the Robin Hood legends.

Q1: Who was critical of John's performance as king?
A1: Contemporary chroniclers
Q2: What historian summarised the contemporary historical opinion of John's positive qualities?
A2: Jim Bradbury
Q3: John remains a recurring character within what culture?
A3: Western
Humanism (Philosophy and religion)

Contemporary humanism entails a qualified optimism about the capacity of people, but it does not involve believing that human nature is purely good or that all people can live up to the Humanist ideals without help. If anything, there is recognition that living up to one's potential is hard work and requires the help of others. The ultimate goal is human flourishing; making life better for all humans, and as the most conscious species, also promoting concern for the welfare of other sentient beings and the planet as a whole. The focus is on doing good and living well in the here and now, and leaving the world a better place for those who come after. In 1925, the English mathematician and philosopher Alfred North Whitehead cautioned: "The prophecy of Francis Bacon has now been fulfilled; and man, who at times dreamt of himself as a little lower than the angels, has submitted to become the servant and the minister of nature. It still remains to be seen whether the same actor can play both parts".

Q1: What is contemporary humanism optimistic about?
A1: capacity of people
Q2: What is the main goal of humanism optimistic?
A2: human flourishing
Q3: What is human flourishing?
A3: making life better
Q4: What doesnt conetemporary humanism  believe about human nature?
A4: purely good
American_Idol (Music)

Contestants go through at least three sets of cuts. The first is a brief audition with a few other contestants in front of selectors which may include one of the show's producers. Although auditions can exceed 10,000 in each city, only a few hundred of these make it past the preliminary round of auditions. Successful contestants then sing in front of producers, where more may be cut. Only then can they proceed to audition in front of the judges, which is the only audition stage shown on television. Those selected by the judges are sent to Hollywood. Between 10–60 people in each city may make it to Hollywood[citation needed].

Q1: How many auditions are there before contestants audition for the judges?
A1: at least three
Q2: Which audition stage is televised?
A2: the judges
Q3: How many contestants make it through the initial auditions in each city?
A3: a few hundred
Q4: What is the only televised portion of the preliminary audition rounds?
A4: in front of the judges
Q5: How many rounds can a contestant make it through before Hollywood?
A5: three
Q6: Who do contestants sing for in the second round of cuts during auditions?
A6: producers
Q7: If contestants get approval from the judges, where do they go next?
A7: Hollywood
Portugal (Geography and places)

Continental Portugal's 89,015 km2 (34,369 sq mi) territory is serviced by four international airports located near the principal cities of Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja. Lisbon's geographical position makes it a stopover for many foreign airlines at several airports within the country. The primary flag-carrier is TAP Portugal, although many other domestic airlines provide services within and without the country. The government decided to build a new airport outside Lisbon, in Alcochete, to replace Lisbon Portela Airport, though this plan has been stalled due to the austerity. Currently, the most important airports are in Lisbon, Porto, Faro, Funchal (Madeira), and Ponta Delgada (Azores), managed by the national airport authority group ANA – Aeroportos de Portugal.

Q1: How much land does the Continental Portugal cover?
A1: 89,015 km2 (34,369 sq mi)
Q2: How many national airports does Portugal have?
A2: four
Q3: Near what cities are the Portuguese airports located?
A3: Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja
Q4: Why is Lisbon a popular stopover for many foreign airlines?
A4: geographical position
Q5: What is the primary flag-carrier in Portugal?
A5: TAP Portugal
Alexander_Graham_Bell (Engineering and technology)

Continuing his experiments in Brantford, Bell brought home a working model of his telephone. On August 3, 1876, from the telegraph office in Mount Pleasant five miles (eight km) away from Brantford, Bell sent a tentative telegram indicating that he was ready. With curious onlookers packed into the office as witnesses, faint voices were heard replying. The following night, he amazed guests as well as his family when a message was received at the Bell home from Brantford, four miles (six km) distant, along an improvised wire strung up along telegraph lines and fences, and laid through a tunnel. This time, guests at the household distinctly heard people in Brantford reading and singing. These experiments clearly proved that the telephone could work over long distances.

Q1: From what city did Bell send his first message?
A1: Mount Pleasant
Q2: Bell sent messages over wires hooked onto telegraph lines and what?
A2: fences
Q3: What did the group at the Bells house hear other people doing?
A3: reading and singing
Law_of_the_United_States (Social sciences and society)

Contract law covers obligations established by agreement (express or implied) between private parties. Generally, contract law in transactions involving the sale of goods has become highly standardized nationwide as a result of the widespread adoption of the Uniform Commercial Code. However, there is still significant diversity in the interpretation of other kinds of contracts, depending upon the extent to which a given state has codified its common law of contracts or adopted portions of the Restatement (Second) of Contracts.

Q1: What is contract law?
A1: obligations established by agreement (express or implied) between private parties
Q2: What standardized contract law?
A2: Uniform Commercial Code
Q3: What kinds of agreements do contract law cover?
A3: express or implied
Hellenistic_period (History)

Contrarily, having so firmly entrenched themselves into Greek affairs, the Romans now completely ignored the rapidly disintegrating Seleucid empire (perhaps because it posed no threat); and left the Ptolemaic kingdom to decline quietly, while acting as a protector of sorts, in as much as to stop other powers taking Egypt over (including the famous line-in-the-sand incident when the Seleucid Antiochus IV Epiphanes tried to invade Egypt). Eventually, instability in the near east resulting from the power vacuum left by the collapse of the Seleucid empire caused the Roman proconsul Pompey the Great to abolish the Seleucid rump state, absorbing much of Syria into the Roman republic. Famously, the end of Ptolemaic Egypt came as the final act in the republican civil war between the Roman triumvirs Mark Anthony and Augustus Caesar. After the defeat of Anthony and his lover, the last Ptolemaic monarch, Cleopatra VII at the Battle of Actium, Augustus invaded Egypt and took it as his own personal fiefdom. He thereby completed both the destruction of the Hellenistic kingdoms and the Roman republic, and ended (in hindsight) the Hellenistic era.

Q1: Who tried to invade Egypt in the famous line-in-the-sand incident?
A1: Antiochus IV Epiphanes
Q2: Which Roman proconsul ablished the Seleucid rump state?
A2: Pompey the Great
Q3: Who was the last Ptolemaic monarch?
A3: Cleopatra VII
Q4: At what battle was Mark Anthony defeated?
A4: Battle of Actium
Q5: What region did Augustus take on as his personal fiefdom?
A5: Egypt
Protestantism (Philosophy and religion)

Contrary to how the Protestant Reformers were often characterized, the concept of a catholic or universal Church was not brushed aside during the Protestant Reformation. On the contrary, the visible unity of the catholic or universal church was seen by the Protestant reformers as an important and essential doctrine of the Reformation. The Magisterial reformers, such as Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Huldrych Zwingli, believed that they were reforming the Roman Catholic Church, which they viewed as having become corrupted. Each of them took very seriously the charges of schism and innovation, denying these charges and maintaining that it was the Roman Catholic Church that had left them. In order to justify their departure from the Roman Catholic Church, Protestants often posited a new argument, saying that there was no real visible Church with divine authority, only a spiritual, invisible, and hidden church—this notion began in the early days of the Protestant Reformation.

Q1: Who were Magisterial reformers?
A1: Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Huldrych Zwingli
Q2: What institution did Martin Luther believe he was reforming?
A2: the Roman Catholic Church
Q3: Instead of a visible church, what did Protestants believe there was?
A3: a spiritual, invisible, and hidden church
Q4: When did the idea of a hidden church begin?
A4: in the early days of the Protestant Reformation
Q5: What church did the Reformers claim had left them?
A5: the Roman Catholic Church
Gramophone_record (Music)

Contrary to popular belief, if placed properly and prepared-for, drums could be effectively used and heard on even the earliest jazz and military band recordings. The loudest instruments such as the drums and trumpets were positioned the farthest away from the collecting horn. Lillian Hardin Armstrong, a member of King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band, which recorded at Gennett Records in 1923, remembered that at first Oliver and his young second trumpet, Louis Armstrong, stood next to each other and Oliver's horn could not be heard. "They put Louis about fifteen feet over in the corner, looking all sad." For fading instrumental parts in and out while recording, some performers were placed on a moveable platform, which could draw the performer(s) nearer or further away as required.[citation needed]

Q1: What tool was used to improve sound quality in early recordings for special effects?
A1: moveable platform
Q2: Where were loud instruments best placed for good sound quality?
A2: farthest away from the collecting horn
Q3: How far away has a trumpeter been known to stand?
A3: fifteen feet
Q4: Were drums heard on early jazz recordings?
A4: drums could be effectively used
Q5: What was the item called that recorded the sounds?
A5: collecting horn