LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Insect (Natural sciences)

Insects have segmented bodies supported by exoskeletons, the hard outer covering made mostly of chitin. The segments of the body are organized into three distinctive but interconnected units, or tagmata: a head, a thorax and an abdomen. The head supports a pair of sensory antennae, a pair of compound eyes, and, if present, one to three simple eyes (or ocelli) and three sets of variously modified appendages that form the mouthparts. The thorax has six segmented legs—one pair each for the prothorax, mesothorax and the metathorax segments making up the thorax—and, none, two or four wings. The abdomen consists of eleven segments, though in a few species of insects, these segments may be fused together or reduced in size. The abdomen also contains most of the digestive, respiratory, excretory and reproductive internal structures.:22–48 Considerable variation and many adaptations in the body parts of insects occur, especially wings, legs, antenna and mouthparts.

Q1: What kind of bodies to insects have?
A1: segmented bodies
Q2: Insects bodies are supported by what?
A2: exoskeletons
Q3: Chitin is what kind of outer covering on an insect?
A3: hard
Q4: An insect's body is divided into what kind of units?
A4: interconnected
Q5: What is an insects head, throat, and abdomen called?
A5: tagmata
Insect (Natural sciences)

Insects play important roles in biological research. For example, because of its small size, short generation time and high fecundity, the common fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a model organism for studies in the genetics of higher eukaryotes. D. melanogaster has been an essential part of studies into principles like genetic linkage, interactions between genes, chromosomal genetics, development, behavior and evolution. Because genetic systems are well conserved among eukaryotes, understanding basic cellular processes like DNA replication or transcription in fruit flies can help to understand those processes in other eukaryotes, including humans. The genome of D. melanogaster was sequenced in 2000, reflecting the organism's important role in biological research. It was found that 70% of the fly genome is similar to the human genome, supporting the evolution theory.

Q1: Insects play prominent roles in what?
A1: biological research
Q2: What is a common insect used for research purposes?
A2: fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster
Q3: Drosophila has helped develop principles in what kind of linkage?
A3: genetic
Q4: Genetic systems are conserved among what?
A4: eukaryotes
Q5: What percent of the fly genome is similar to the human genome
A5: 70%
Insect (Natural sciences)

Insects were among the earliest terrestrial herbivores and acted as major selection agents on plants. Plants evolved chemical defenses against this herbivory and the insects, in turn, evolved mechanisms to deal with plant toxins. Many insects make use of these toxins to protect themselves from their predators. Such insects often advertise their toxicity using warning colors. This successful evolutionary pattern has also been used by mimics. Over time, this has led to complex groups of coevolved species. Conversely, some interactions between plants and insects, like pollination, are beneficial to both organisms. Coevolution has led to the development of very specific mutualisms in such systems.

Q1: What type of defense did plants adaptively evolve in response to insects?
A1: chemical
Q2: What is the term for a plant-eating insect?
A2: herbivores
Q3: What do many insects adaptively utilize in self-defense from predators?
A3: plant toxins
Q4: How is toxicity sometimes visibly displayed by insects as a warning?
A4: colors
Q5: What is an example of a mutually beneficial process indicating the coevolution of plants and insects?
A5: pollination
Q6: Insects are considered terrestrial what?
A6: herbivores
Q7: What were insects the major selection agents of?
A7: plants
Q8: What did plants eventually form against insects?
A8: chemical defenses
Q9: Insects formed mechanisms to shield against what?
A9: plant toxins
Q10: Insects show how toxic they are with what kind of colors?
A10: warning colors
Insect (Natural sciences)

Insects were the earliest organisms to produce and sense sounds. Insects make sounds mostly by mechanical action of appendages. In grasshoppers and crickets, this is achieved by stridulation. Cicadas make the loudest sounds among the insects by producing and amplifying sounds with special modifications to their body and musculature. The African cicada Brevisana brevis has been measured at 106.7 decibels at a distance of 50 cm (20 in). Some insects, such as the Helicoverpa zeamoths, hawk moths and Hedylid butterflies, can hear ultrasound and take evasive action when they sense that they have been detected by bats. Some moths produce ultrasonic clicks that were once thought to have a role in jamming bat echolocation. The ultrasonic clicks were subsequently found to be produced mostly by unpalatable moths to warn bats, just as warning colorations are used against predators that hunt by sight. Some otherwise palatable moths have evolved to mimic these calls. More recently, the claim that some moths can jam bat sonar has been revisited. Ultrasonic recording and high-speed infrared videography of bat-moth interactions suggest the palatable tiger moth really does defend against attacking big brown bats using ultrasonic clicks that jam bat sonar.

Q1: What were the earliest organisms to produce sound?
A1: Insects
Q2: Insects can sense what?
A2: sounds
Q3: Insect sounds come from what kind of action?
A3: mechanical
Q4: The mechanical action of what allows insects t make sound?
A4: appendages
Q5: Moths create what kind of click sounds?
A5: ultrasonic
Computer (Engineering and technology)

Inside each of these parts are thousands to trillions of small electrical circuits which can be turned off or on by means of an electronic switch. Each circuit represents a bit (binary digit) of information so that when the circuit is on it represents a "1", and when off it represents a "0" (in positive logic representation). The circuits are arranged in logic gates so that one or more of the circuits may control the state of one or more of the other circuits.

Q1: A circuit in a computer part represents what?
A1: a bit (binary digit) of information
Q2: In positive logic representation a "1" represents when a circuit is what?
A2: on
Q3: In positive logic representation a "0" represents when a circuit is what?
A3: off
Georgian_architecture (Art and architecture)

Inside ornament was far more generous, and could sometimes be overwhelming. The chimneypiece continued to be the usual main focus of rooms, and was now given a classical treatment, and increasingly topped by a painting or a mirror. Plasterwork ceilings, carved wood, and bold schemes of wallpaint formed a backdrop to increasingly rich collections of furniture, paintings, porcelain, mirrors, and objets d'art of all kinds. Wood-panelling, very common since about 1500, fell from favour around the mid-century, and wallpaper included very expensive imports from China.

Q1: Where could sometimes overwhelming ornament be found?
A1: Inside ornament
Q2: What was the typical main focus of rooms?
A2: chimneypiece
Q3: What type of ceilings became commonplace?
A3: Plasterwork ceilings
Q4: What fell out of favor during this time?
A4: Wood-panelling
Q5: Where was very expensive wallpaper imported from?
A5: China
Elevator (History)

Inspection service is designed to provide access to the hoistway and car top for inspection and maintenance purposes by qualified elevator mechanics. It is first activated by a key switch on the car operating panel usually labeled 'Inspection', 'Car Top', 'Access Enable' or 'HWENAB'. When this switch is activated the elevator will come to a stop if moving, car calls will be canceled (and the buttons disabled), and hall calls will be assigned to other elevator cars in the group (or canceled in a single elevator configuration). The elevator can now only be moved by the corresponding 'Access' key switches, usually located at the highest (to access the top of the car) and lowest (to access the elevator pit) landings. The access key switches will allow the car to move at reduced inspection speed with the hoistway door open. This speed can range from anywhere up to 60% of normal operating speed on most controllers, and is usually defined by local safety codes.

Q1: Who is authorized to provide inspection and/or maintenance of the elevator?
A1: qualified elevator mechanics
Q2: What is the purpose of the Inspection service? 
A2: to provide access to the hoistway and car top for inspection and maintenance
Q3: What action initiates it's activation?
A3: a key switch on the car operating panel usually labeled 'Inspection', 'Car Top', 'Access Enable' or 'HWENAB
Q4: WWhat's the first thing to happen when the switch is activated?
A4: the elevator will come to a stop if moving
Q5: Once activatated, what is the only way to deactivate it?
A5: The elevator can now only be moved by the corresponding 'Access' key switches
Nonprofit_organization (Social sciences and society)

Instead of being defined by "non" words, some organizations are suggesting new, positive-sounding terminology to describe the sector. The term "civil society organization" (CSO) has been used by a growing number of organizations, such as the Center for the Study of Global Governance. The term "citizen sector organization" (CSO) has also been advocated to describe the sector – as one of citizens, for citizens – by organizations such as Ashoka: Innovators for the Public. A more broadly applicable term, "Social Benefit Organization" (SBO) has been advocated for by organizations such as MiniDonations. Advocates argue that these terms describe the sector in its own terms, without relying on terminology used for the government or business sectors. However, use of terminology by a nonprofit of self-descriptive language that is not legally compliant risks confusing the public about nonprofit abilities, capabilities and limitations.

Q1: What type of language has it been suggested that NPOs should begin to get away from?
A1: "non" words
Q2: What type of language are organizations being directed towards?
A2: new, positive-sounding terminology
Q3: What is a new term for NPOs that has started to see more use?
A3: civil society organization
Q4: What is a term being used for organizations that are for the citizens, by the citizens?
A4: citizen sector organization
Q5: What would a group like Crowdfund, GoFundMe or Kickstarter possibly belong to?
A5: Social Benefit Organization
Nanjing (Geography and places)

Instead, Nanjing, as a popular tourist destination, hosts a series of government-organised events throughout the year. The annual International Plum Blossom Festival held in Plum Blossom Hill, the largest plum collection in China, attracts thousands of tourists both domestically and internationally. Other events include Nanjing Baima Peach Blossom and Kite Festival, Jiangxin Zhou Fruit Festival and Linggu Temple Sweet Osmanthus Festival.

Q1: What city is considered to be a place that is popular with tourists?
A1: Nanjing
Q2: Rather than host the old festivals, what type of events does Nanjing host each year?
A2: a series of government-organised events
Q3: What area holds the largest collection of plum blossoms in all of China?
A3: Plum Blossom Hill
Q4: Where do the tourists for the Plum Blossom Festival come from?
A4: domestically and internationally
Q5: What festival involves kites and fruit trees?
A5: Nanjing Baima Peach Blossom and Kite Festival
Dutch_language (Language and literature)

Instead, he argues, this development has been artificially frozen in an "intermediate" state by the standardisation of Dutch pronunciation in the 16th century, where lowered diphthongs found in rural dialects were perceived as ugly by the educated classes and accordingly declared substandard. Now, however, in his opinion, the newly affluent and independent women can afford to let that natural development take place in their speech. Stroop compares the role of Polder Dutch with the urban variety of British English pronunciation called Estuary English.

Q1: What word did Stroop use to describe the static stage of diphthong pronunciation?
A1: "intermediate"
Q2: What classes in the 16th century sneered at the pronunciation of Dutch by rural people?
A2: educated classes
Q3: What distinct kind of British English does Stroop say has a similar function to Polder Dutch?
A3: Estuary English
Q4: What phenomenon of Dutch pronunciation was brought about by the attitudes of the elite in the 16th century?
A4: standardisation
Q5: What specific type of diphthongs were the less educated Dutch speakers in the countryside using in the 16th century?
A5: lowered diphthongs
Karl_Popper (Natural sciences)

Instead, he formulated the spearhead model of evolution, a version of genetic pluralism. According to this model, living organisms themselves have goals, and act according to these goals, each guided by a central control. In its most sophisticated form, this is the brain of humans, but controls also exist in much less sophisticated ways for species of lower complexity, such as the amoeba. This control organ plays a special role in evolution—it is the "spearhead of evolution". The goals bring the purpose into the world. Mutations in the genes that determine the structure of the control may then cause drastic changes in behaviour, preferences and goals, without having an impact on the organism's phenotype. Popper postulates that such purely behavioural changes are less likely to be lethal for the organism compared to drastic changes of the phenotype.

Q1: What is the name of Popper's model of evolution?
A1: spearhead
Q2: Popper's model of evolution is part of what family of models?
A2: genetic pluralism
Q3: What directs the actions of organisms in Popper's biological model?
A3: goals
Q4: Organisms' goals shift along with which notable genetic process?
A4: Mutations
Antenna_(radio) (Engineering and technology)

Instead, it is often desired to have an antenna whose impedance does not vary so greatly over a certain bandwidth. It turns out that the amount of reactance seen at the terminals of a resonant antenna when the frequency is shifted, say, by 5%, depends very much on the diameter of the conductor used. A long thin wire used as a half-wave dipole (or quarter wave monopole) will have a reactance significantly greater than the resistive impedance it has at resonance, leading to a poor match and generally unacceptable performance. Making the element using a tube of a diameter perhaps 1/50 of its length, however, results in a reactance at this altered frequency which is not so great, and a much less serious mismatch which will only modestly damage the antenna's net performance. Thus rather thick tubes are typically used for the solid elements of such antennas, including Yagi-Uda arrays.

Q1: What characteristic would be better if it were steady?
A1: reactance
Q2: What characteristic of the conductor changes the amount of reactance?
A2: diameter
Q3: What would be used to create a half wave or quarter wave dipole?
A3: A long thin wire
Political_corruption (Social sciences and society)

Instead, the donated money was expended through "counterfeit drugs, siphoning off of drugs to the black market, and payments to ghost employees". Ultimately, there is a sufficient amount of money for health in developing countries, but local corruption denies the wider citizenry the resource they require.

Q1: What kind of employees received payments?
A1: ghost employees
Q2: Where were drugs siphoned off to?
A2: the black market
Q3: In addition to ghost employees and the black market receiving drugs, what other way was money expended?
A3: counterfeit drugs
Q4: If local corruption did not exist, there would be enough what to help the people in these countries needing medical help?
A4: money
Royal_assent (History)

Instead, the monarch directly grants royal assent by Order in Council. Assent is granted or refused on the advice of the Lord Chancellor. A recent example when assent was refused (or, more correctly, when the Lord Chancellor declined to present the law for assent) was in 2007, concerning reforms to the constitution of the Chief Pleas of Sark. (A revised version of the proposed reforms was subsequently given assent.) In 2011, campaigners against a law that sought to reduce the number of senators in the states of Jersey petitioned the Privy Council to advise the Queen to refuse royal assent. An Order in Council of 13 July 2011 established new rules for the consideration of petitions against granting royal assent.

Q1: The sovereign grants assent by which order?
A1: Order in Council
Q2: Who advises the sovereign in this decision?
A2: Lord Chancellor
Q3: Which recent petition for reforms to the constitution led to assent being refused?
A3: Chief Pleas of Sark
Q4: Who advises a bill to be granted or refused?
A4: Lord Chancellor
Q5: When was an Order in Counil passed that laid out new rules for consideration of petitions against the royal assent?
A5: 13 July 2011
Q6: In what year did the Lord Chancellor refuse to present a law  concerning constituational reform for assent?
A6: 2007
Q7: What was the subject of the bill that the Lord Chancellor refused to present for royal assent in 2007?
A7: reforms to the constitution of the Chief Pleas of Sark
Kathmandu (Geography and places)

Institute of Medicine, the central college of Tribhuwan University is the first medical college of Nepal and is located in Maharajgunj, Kathmandu. It was established in 1972 and started to impart medical education from 1978. A number of medical colleges including Kathmandu Medical College, Nepal Medical College, KIST Medical College, Nepal Army Institute of Health Sciences, National Academy of Medical Sciences (NAMS) and Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences (KUSMS), are also located in or around Kathmandu.

Q1: Of what university is the Institute of Medicine a constituent college?
A1: Tribhuwan
Q2: In what part of Kathmandu is the Institute of Medicine found?
A2: Maharajgunj
Q3: When did the Institute of Medicine begin to offer education in medicine?
A3: 1978
Q4: What does KUSMS stand for?
A4: Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences
Q5: What institution of tertiary education is known as NAMS?
A5: National Academy of Medical Sciences
Institute_of_technology (Engineering and technology)

Institute of technology (also: university of technology, polytechnic university, technikon, and technical college) is a designation employed for a wide range of learning institutions awarding different types of degrees and operating often at variable levels of the educational system. It may be an institution of higher education and advanced engineering and scientific research or professional vocational education, specializing in science, engineering, and technology or different sorts of technical subjects. It may also refer to a secondary education school focused in vocational training.[citation needed] The term institute of technology is often abbreviated IT and is not to be confused with information technology.

Q1: What's a common abbreviation for the term institute of technology?
A1: IT
Hyderabad (Geography and places)

Institutes in Hyderabad include the National Institute of Rural Development, the Indian School of Business, the Institute of Public Enterprise, the Administrative Staff College of India and the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy. Technical and engineering schools include the International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad (IIITH), Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani – Hyderabad (BITS Hyderabad) and Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad (IIT-H) as well as agricultural engineering institutes such as the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) and the Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University. Hyderabad also has schools of fashion design including Raffles Millennium International, NIFT Hyderabad and Wigan and Leigh College. The National Institute of Design, Hyderabad (NID-H), will offer undergraduate and postgraduate courses from 2015.

Q1: What type of school is Raffles Millennium International?
A1: fashion design
Q2: What is the school otherwise known as IIT-H?
A2: Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad
Q3: There is a research institute in Hyderabad known as ICRISAT, what does the acronym represent?
A3: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics
Q4: What type of is Wigan and Leigh College?
A4: fashion design
Institute_of_technology (Engineering and technology)

Institutes of technology in Venezuela were developed in the 1950s as an option for post-secondary education in technical and scientific courses, after the polytechnic French concepts. At that time, technical education was considered essential for the development of a sound middle class economy.

Q1: What type of economy was technical education in Venezuela intended to support?
A1: middle class
Q2: When did Venezuela begin to create institutes of technology?
A2: 1950s
Institute_of_technology (Engineering and technology)

Institutes of technology with different origins are Asian Institute of Technology, which developed from SEATO Graduate School of Engineering, and Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, an engineering school of Thammasat University. Suranaree University of Technology is the only government-owned technological university in Thailand that was established (1989) as such; while Mahanakorn University of Technology is the most well known private technological institute. Technology/Technical colleges in Thailand is associated with bitter rivalries which erupts into frequent off-campus brawls and assassinations of students in public locations that has been going on for nearly a decade, with innocent bystanders also commonly among the injured and the military under martial law still unable to stop them from occurring.

Q1: What is the name of Thammasat University's engineering school?
A1: Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology
Q2: What is Thailand's only government-established and owned institute of technology?
A2: Suranaree University of Technology
Q3: What year was Suranaree University of Technology founded?
A3: 1989
Q4: What is the name of the best-known private institute of technology in Thailand?
A4: Mahanakorn University of Technology
Education (Philosophy and religion)

Instruction is the facilitation of another's learning. Instructors in primary and secondary institutions are often called teachers, and they direct the education of students and might draw on many subjects like reading, writing, mathematics, science and history. Instructors in post-secondary institutions might be called teachers, instructors, or professors, depending on the type of institution; and they primarily teach only their specific discipline. Studies from the United States suggest that the quality of teachers is the single most important factor affecting student performance, and that countries which score highly on international tests have multiple policies in place to ensure that the teachers they employ are as effective as possible. With the passing of NCLB in the United States (No Child Left Behind), teachers must be highly qualified. A popular way to gauge teaching performance is to use student evaluations of teachers (SETS), but these evaluations have been criticized for being counterproductive to learning and inaccurate due to student bias.

Q1: What is another term used for instructors?
A1: teachers
Q2: What are the main subjects that are covered by the instructor?
A2: reading, writing, mathematics, science and history
Q3: In the United States what is considered the single most important factor in a child's education?
A3: quality of teachers