LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Portugal (Geography and places)

Portugal (Portuguese: [puɾtuˈɣaɫ]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa), is a country on the Iberian Peninsula, in Southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, being bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east. The Portugal–Spain border is 1,214 km (754 mi) long and considered the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union. The republic also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, both autonomous regions with their own regional governments.

Q1: What ocean does Portugal border?
A1: Atlantic Ocean
Q2: What other country does Portugal border?
A2: Spain
Q3: What is the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union?
A3: Portugal–Spain
Q4: Where is Portugal located?
A4: Iberian Peninsula, in Southwestern Europe
Q5: How long is the Portugal-Spain border?
A5: 1,214 km (754 mi)
Q6: What two autonomous regions have their own governments in Portugal?
A6: Azores and Madeira
Portugal (Geography and places)

Portugal has arguably the most liberal laws concerning possession of illicit drugs in the Western world. In 2001, Portugal decriminalized possession of effectively all drugs that are still illegal in other developed nations including, but not limited to, cannabis, cocaine, heroin, and LSD. While possession is legal, trafficking and possession of more than "10 days worth of personal use" are still punishable by jail time and fines. People caught with small amounts of any drug are given the choice to go to a rehab facility, and may refuse treatment without consequences. Despite criticism from other European nations, who stated Portugal's drug consumption would tremendously increase, overall drug use has declined along with the number of HIV infection cases, which had dropped 50 percent by 2009. Drug use among 16- to 18-year-olds also declined, however the use of marijuana rose only slightly among that age group.

Q1: In which year did Portugal decriminalize drug possession?
A1: 2001
Q2: How much of a drug is legal to possess?
A2: 10 days worth of personal use
Q3: What option is allowed to those caught with small amounts of drugs?
A3: go to a rehab facility
Q4: By 2009, by how much had the rate of HIV infection decreased?
A4: 50 percent
Portugal (Geography and places)

Portugal has considerable resources of wind and river power, the two most cost-effective renewable sources. Since the turn of the 21st century, there has been a trend towards the development of a renewable resource industry and reduction of both consumption and use of fossil fuel resources. In 2006, the world's largest solar power plant at that date, the Moura Photovoltaic Power Station, began operating near Moura, in the south, while the world's first commercial wave power farm, the Aguçadoura Wave Farm, opened in the Norte region (2008). By the end of 2006, 66% of the country's electrical production was from coal and fuel power plants, while 29% were derived from hydroelectric dams, and 6% by wind energy.

Q1: What are the two most considerable sources of renewable energy in Portugal?
A1: wind and river power
Q2: Where was Moura Photovoltaic Power Station located?
A2: Moura, in the south
Q3: Where was the Agucadoura Wave Farm located?
A3: Norte region
Q4: By the end of 2006, what percentage of Portugal's energy production was from renewable sources?
A4: 29%
Portugal (Geography and places)

Portugal has developed a specific culture while being influenced by various civilizations that have crossed the Mediterranean and the European continent, or were introduced when it played an active role during the Age of Discovery. In the 1990s and 2000s (decade), Portugal modernized its public cultural facilities, in addition to the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation established in 1956 in Lisbon. These include the Belém Cultural Centre in Lisbon, Serralves Foundation and the Casa da Música, both in Porto, as well as new public cultural facilities like municipal libraries and concert halls that were built or renovated in many municipalities across the country. Portugal is home to fifteen UNESCO World Heritage Sites, ranking it 8th in Europe and 17th in the world.

Q1: Portugal modernized its public cultural facilities during what two decades?
A1: 1990s and 2000s
Q2: In what year was the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation established?
A2: 1956
Q3: Where was the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation established?
A3: Lisbon
Q4: What are some examples of Portugal's public cultural facilities?
A4: Belém Cultural Centre in Lisbon, Serralves Foundation and the Casa da Música
Q5: How many UNESCO World Heritage Sites is Portugal home to?
A5: fifteen
Portugal (Geography and places)

Portugal has several summer music festivals, such as Festival Sudoeste in Zambujeira do Mar, Festival de Paredes de Coura in Paredes de Coura, Festival Vilar de Mouros near Caminha, Boom Festival in Idanha-a-Nova Municipality, Optimus Alive!, Sumol Summer Fest in Ericeira, Rock in Rio Lisboa and Super Bock Super Rock in Greater Lisbon. Out of the summer season, Portugal has a large number of festivals, designed more to an urban audience, like Flowfest or Hip Hop Porto. Furthermore, one of the largest international Goa trance festivals takes place in central Portugal every two years, the Boom Festival, that is also the only festival in Portugal to win international awards: European Festival Award 2010 – Green'n'Clean Festival of the Year and the Greener Festival Award Outstanding 2008 and 2010. There is also the student festivals of Queima das Fitas are major events in a number of cities across Portugal. In 2005, Portugal held the MTV Europe Music Awards, in Pavilhão Atlântico, Lisbon.

Q1: What are a couple examples of Summer music festivals held in Portugal?
A1: Festival Sudoeste in Zambujeira do Mar, Festival de Paredes de Coura in Paredes de Coura, Festival Vilar de Mouros near Caminha,
Q2: What are a couple examples of non-Summer music festivals in Portugal?
A2: Flowfest or Hip Hop Porto
Q3: What is the Boom Festival?
A3: one of the largest international Goa trance festivals takes place in central Portugal every two years
Q4: What international awards have been won by the Boom Festival?
A4: European Festival Award 2010 – Green'n'Clean Festival of the Year and the Greener Festival Award Outstanding 2008 and 2010
Q5: In which year did Portugal hold the MTV Europe Music Awards?
A5: 2005
Portugal (Geography and places)

Portugal has the largest aquarium in Europe, the Lisbon Oceanarium, and the Portuguese have several other notable organizations focused on science-related exhibits and divulgation, like the state agency Ciência Viva, a programme of the Portuguese Ministry of Science and Technology to the promotion of a scientific and technological culture among the Portuguese population, the Science Museum of the University of Coimbra, the National Museum of Natural History at the University of Lisbon, and the Visionarium.

Q1: What is the name of the largest European aquarium?
A1: Lisbon Oceanarium
Q2: What does the state agency Ciencia Viva promote?
A2: scientific and technological culture among the Portuguese population
Q3: What are some examples of notable organizations focused on scientific exhibitions?
A3: Science Museum of the University of Coimbra, the National Museum of Natural History at the University of Lisbon, and the Visionarium
Portugal (Geography and places)

Portugal is a significant European minerals producer and is ranked among Europe's leading copper producers. The nation is also a notable producer of tin, tungsten and uranium. However, the country lacks the potential to conduct hydrocarbon exploration and aluminium, a limitation that has hindered the development of Portugal's mining and metallurgy sectors. Although the country has vast iron and coal reserves—mainly in the north—after the 1974 revolution and the consequent economic globalization, low competitiveness forced a decrease in the extraction activity for these minerals. The Panasqueira and Neves-Corvo mines are among the most recognised Portuguese mines that are still in operation.[citation needed]

Q1: What mineral is Portugal ranked as a leading European producer of?
A1: copper
Q2: What are three types of minerals Portugal is a notable producer of?
A2: tin, tungsten and uranium
Q3: What type of exploration does Portugal lack the potential for?
A3: hydrocarbon
Q4: In which region does Portugal have vast reserves of iron and coal?
A4: north
Q5: What event triggered a decrease in the extraction of Portugal's natural resources?
A5: 1974 revolution and the consequent economic globalization
Portugal (Geography and places)

Portugal is defined as a Mediterranean climate (Csa in the South, interior, and Douro region; Csb in the North, Central Portugal and coastal Alentejo; mixed oceanic climate along the northern half of the coastline and also Semi-arid climate or Steppe climate (BSk in certain parts of Beja district far South) according to the Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification), and is one of the warmest European countries: the annual average temperature in mainland Portugal varies from 8–12 °C (46.4–53.6 °F) in the mountainous interior north to 16–19 °C (60.8–66.2 °F) in the south and on the Guadiana river basin. The Algarve, separated from the Alentejo region by mountains reaching up to 900 metres (3,000 ft) in Alto de Fóia, has a climate similar to that of the southern coastal areas of Spain or Southwest Australia.

Q1: What type of climate does Portugal have?
A1: Mediterranean
Q2: In the mountainous interior north of Portugal, between what degrees is the average temperature?
A2: 8–12 °C (46.4–53.6 °F)
Q3: In the south of Portugal and on the Guadiana river basin, between what degrees does the average temperature fluctuate?
A3: 16–19 °C (60.8–66.2 °F)
Q4: How high do the mountains between Algarve and the Alentejo region reach?
A4: 900 metres (3,000 ft)
Portugal (Geography and places)

Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence of Brazil, its wealthiest colony, in 1822. After the 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy, the democratic but unstable Portuguese First Republic was established, later being superseded by the "Estado Novo" right-wing authoritarian regime. Democracy was restored after the Portuguese Colonial War and the Carnation Revolution in 1974. Shortly after, independence was granted to all its colonies, with the exception of Macau, which was handed over to China in 1999. This marked the end of the longest-lived European colonial empire, leaving a profound cultural and architectural influence across the globe and a legacy of over 250 million Portuguese speakers today.

Q1: In Portugal, which city was destroyed in the 1755 earthquake?
A1: Lisbon
Q2: In which year did Brazel become independent?
A2: 1822
Q3: In which year was the Portugal monarchy deposed?
A3: 1910
Q4: Which Portugese colony was lost to China in 1999?
A4: Macau
Q5: How many Portugese speakers are there today?
A5: 250 million
Portugal (Geography and places)

Portugal maintains a unitary semi-presidential republican form of government and is a developed country with an advanced economy, and a high living standard, having the 18th highest Social Progress in the world, putting it ahead of other Western European countries like France, Spain and Italy. It is a member of numerous international organizations, including the United Nations, the European Union, the Eurozone, OECD, NATO and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries. Portugal is also known for having decriminalized the usage of all common drugs in 2001, the first country in the world to do so. However, drugs are still illegal in Portugal.

Q1: What form of government does Portugal maintain?
A1: unitary semi-presidential republican
Q2: What is Portugal's Social Progress ranking?
A2: 18th highest
Q3: Which three Western European countries have a lower Social Progress ranking than Portugal?
A3: France, Spain and Italy
Q4: What are three international organizations that Portugal belongs to?
A4: United Nations, the European Union, the Eurozone, OECD, NATO and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries
Q5: In 2001, Portugal was the first country in the world to do what?
A5: decriminalized the usage of all common drugs
Portugal (Geography and places)

Portugal operates a multi-party system of competitive legislatures/local administrative governments at the national-, regional- and local-levels. The Assembly of the Republic, Regional Assemblies and local municipalities and parishes, are dominated by two political parties, the Socialist Party and the Social Democratic Party, in addition to the Unitary Democratic Coalition (Portuguese Communist Party and Ecologist Party "The Greens"), the Left Bloc and the Democratic and Social Centre – People's Party, which garner between 5 and 15% of the vote regularly.

Q1: What two political parties dominate Portugal's government?
A1: Socialist Party and the Social Democratic Party
Q2: At what three levels does the Portugal government operate?
A2: national-, regional- and local-levels
Q3: What other political groups exist other than the two dominant ones?
A3: Unitary Democratic Coalition (Portuguese Communist Party and Ecologist Party "The Greens"), the Left Bloc and the Democratic and Social Centre – People's Party
Q4: What percentage of the vote do the non-dominant parties get?
A4: 5 and 15%
Portugal (Geography and places)

Portugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde, explored the African coast, colonized selected areas of Africa, discovered an eastern route to India via the Cape of Good Hope, discovered Brazil, explored the Indian Ocean, established trading routes throughout most of southern Asia, and sent the first direct European maritime trade and diplomatic missions to China and Japan.

Q1: What European age did Portugal spearhead?
A1: the Age of Discovery
Q2: Who was the Father of Prince Henry the Navigator?
A2: King João I
Q3: Which three Atlantic archipelagos did Portugal discover?
A3: Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde
Q4: By which path did Portugal discover a route to India?
A4: Cape of Good Hope
Q5: What South American country did Portugal discover?
A5: Brazil
Portugal (Geography and places)

Portugal's colonial history has long since been a cornerstone of its national identity, as has its geographic position at the south-western corner of Europe, looking out into the Atlantic Ocean. It was one of the last western colonial European powers to give up its overseas territories (among them Angola and Mozambique in 1975), turning over the administration of Macau to the People's Republic of China at the end of 1999. Consequently, it has both influenced and been influenced by cultures from former colonies or dependencies, resulting in immigration from these former territories for both economic and/or personal reasons. Portugal, long a country of emigration (the vast majority of Brazilians have Portuguese ancestry), has now become a country of net immigration, and not just from the last Indian (Portuguese until 1961), African (Portuguese until 1975), and Far East Asian (Portuguese until 1999) overseas territories. An estimated 800,000 Portuguese returned to Portugal as the country's African possessions gained independence in 1975. By 2007, Portugal had 10,617,575 inhabitants of whom about 332,137 were legal immigrants.

Q1: What is the cornerstone of Portugal's national identity?
A1: colonial history
Q2: Which ocean does Portugal border?
A2: Atlantic Ocean
Q3: What were two of the last territories Portugal gave up?
A3: Angola and Mozambique
Q4: The vast majority of Brazilians have what ancestry in common?
A4: Portuguese
Q5: How many inhabitants did Portugal have by 2007?
A5: 10,617,575
Portugal (Geography and places)

Portugal’s national energy transmission company, Redes Energéticas Nacionais (REN), uses sophisticated modeling to predict weather, especially wind patterns, and computer programs to calculate energy from the various renewable-energy plants. Before the solar/wind revolution, Portugal had generated electricity from hydropower plants on its rivers for decades. New programs combine wind and water: wind-driven turbines pump water uphill at night, the most blustery period; then the water flows downhill by day, generating electricity, when consumer demand is highest. Portugal’s distribution system is also now a two-way street. Instead of just delivering electricity, it draws electricity from even the smallest generators, like rooftop solar panels. The government aggressively encouraged such contributions by setting a premium price for those who buy rooftop-generated solar electricity.

Q1: What is the name of Portugal's national energy transmission company?
A1: Redes Energéticas Nacionais (REN)
Q2: What does REN do?
A2: uses sophisticated modeling to predict weather, especially wind patterns, and computer programs to calculate energy from the various renewable-energy plants
Q3: Through what renewable resource had Portugal generated electricity before the solar/wind revolution?
A3: hydropower plants on its rivers
Q4: What is used to pump water uphill in Portugal?
A4: wind-driven turbines
Q5: How did the Portuguese government encourage rooftop solar panels?
A5: setting a premium price
Portugal (Geography and places)

Portuguese cinema has a long tradition, reaching back to the birth of the medium in the late 19th century. Portuguese film directors such as Arthur Duarte, António Lopes Ribeiro, António Reis, Pedro Costa, Manoel de Oliveira, João César Monteiro, António-Pedro Vasconcelos, Fernando Lopes, João Botelho and Leonel Vieira, are among those that gained notability. Noted Portuguese film actors include Joaquim de Almeida, Daniela Ruah, Maria de Medeiros, Diogo Infante, Soraia Chaves, Ribeirinho, Lúcia Moniz, and Diogo Morgado.

Q1: In which period was cinema born?
A1: late 19th century
Q2: Who are some examples of Portuguese film directors?
A2: Arthur Duarte, António Lopes Ribeiro, António Reis, Pedro Costa, Manoel de Oliveira, João César Monteiro, António-Pedro Vasconcelos, Fernando Lopes
Q3: Who are some noted Portuguese actors?
A3: Joaquim de Almeida, Daniela Ruah, Maria de Medeiros, Diogo Infante, Soraia Chaves, Ribeirinho, Lúcia Moniz, and Diogo Morgado
Portugal (Geography and places)

Portuguese cuisine is diverse. The Portuguese consume a lot of dry cod (bacalhau in Portuguese), for which there are hundreds of recipes. There are more than enough bacalhau dishes for each day of the year. Two other popular fish recipes are grilled sardines and caldeirada, a potato-based stew that can be made from several types of fish. Typical Portuguese meat recipes, that may be made out of beef, pork, lamb, or chicken, include cozido à portuguesa, feijoada, frango de churrasco, leitão (roast suckling pig) and carne de porco à alentejana. A very popular northern dish is the arroz de sarrabulho (rice stewed in pigs blood) or the arroz de cabidela (rice and chickens meat stewed in chickens blood).

Q1: What is dry cod known as in Portuguese?
A1: bacalhau
Q2: Other than bacalhau, what are two other popular fish recipes in Portugal?
A2: grilled sardines and caldeirada
Q3: What is caldeirada?
A3: a potato-based stew that can be made from several types of fish
Q4: What meats are often used in Portuguese recipes?
A4: beef, pork, lamb, or chicken
Q5: What are two popular Northern Portugal dishes?
A5: arroz de sarrabulho (rice stewed in pigs blood) or the arroz de cabidela (rice and chickens meat stewed in chickens blood)
Portugal (Geography and places)

Portuguese is the official language of Portugal. Portuguese is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia and Northern Portugal, originating from Galician-Portuguese, which was the common language of the Galician and Portuguese people until the independence of Portugal. Particularly in the North of Portugal, there are still many similarities between the Galician culture and the Portuguese culture. Galicia is a consultative observer of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries. According to the Ethnologue of Languages, Portuguese and Spanish have a lexical similarity of 89% - educated speakers of each language can communicate easily with one another.

Q1: What is the official name of Portugal?
A1: Portuguese
Q2: What type of language is Portuguese?
A2: Romance
Q3: Where did Portuguese originate?
A3: Galicia and Northern Portugal
Q4: What was the common name of the Galician and Portuguese people?
A4: Galician-Portuguese
Portugal (Geography and places)

Portuguese law applied in the former colonies and territories and continues to be the major influence for those countries. Portugal's main police organizations are the Guarda Nacional Republicana – GNR (National Republican Guard), a gendarmerie; the Polícia de Segurança Pública – PSP (Public Security Police), a civilian police force who work in urban areas; and the Polícia Judiciária – PJ (Judicial Police), a highly specialized criminal investigation police that is overseen by the Public Ministry.

Q1: Portuguese law continues to be a major influence for what?
A1: former colonies and territories
Q2: What is the Policia de Seguranca Publica - PSP (Public Security Police)?
A2: a civilian police force who work in urban areas
Q3: What is the Policia Judiciaria - PJ (Judicial Police)?
A3: a highly specialized criminal investigation police
Q4: Which entity oversees the Judicial Police?
A4: the Public Ministry.
Guinea-Bissau (Geography and places)

Portuguese natives comprise a very small percentage of Guinea-Bissauans. After Guinea-Bissau gained independence, most of the Portuguese nationals left the country. The country has a tiny Chinese population. These include traders and merchants of mixed Portuguese and Chinese ancestry from Macau, a former Asian Portuguese colony.

Q1: What natives comprise a very small percentage of the population?
A1: Portuguese
Q2: Who left the country after Guinea-Bissau gained independence?
A2: Portuguese nationals
Q3: What ethnic group has a tiny population in Guinea-Bissau?
A3: Chinese
Q4: What is the name of a former Asian Portuguese colony?
A4: Macau
Q5: What is the ancestry of the Chinese population in Guinea-Bissau?
A5: mixed Portuguese and Chinese ancestry
Mosaic (Art and architecture)

Portuguese pavement (in Portuguese, Calçada Portuguesa) is a kind of two-tone stone mosaic paving created in Portugal, and common throughout the Lusosphere. Most commonly taking the form of geometric patterns from the simple to the complex, it also is used to create complex pictorial mosaics in styles ranging from iconography to classicism and even modern design. In Portuguese-speaking countries, many cities have a large amount of their sidewalks and even, though far more occasionally, streets done in this mosaic form. Lisbon in particular maintains almost all walkways in this style.

Q1: Portuguese pavement is known by what other name?
A1: Calçada Portuguesa
Q2: What is Portuguese pavement?
A2: two-tone stone mosaic paving
Q3: What is the most common pattern for Portuguese pavement?
A3: geometric
Q4: Which city has almost all of its sidewalks in Portuguese pavement?
A4: Lisbon
Q5: What other cityscape is done with Portuguese pavement?
A5: streets