LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Galicia_(Spain) (Geography and places)

The lands of Galicia are ascribed to two different areas in the Köppen climate classification: a south area (roughly, the province of Ourense and Pontevedra) with tendencies to have some summer drought, classified as a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Csb), with mild temperatures and rainfall usual throughout the year; and the western and northern coastal regions, the provinces of Lugo and A Coruña, which are characterized by their Oceanic climate (Cfb), with a more uniform precipitation distribution along the year, and milder summers. However, precipitation in southern coastal areas are often classified as oceanic since the averages remain significantly higher than a typical mediterranean climate.

Q1: What is the southern area's climate classified as?
A1: Mediterranean
Q2: What about the climate of its coastal areas?
A2: Oceanic
Thuringia (History)

The landscapes of Thuringia are quite diverse. The far north is occupied by the Harz mountains, followed by the Goldene Aue, a fertile floodplain around Nordhausen with the Helme as most important river. The north-west includes the Eichsfeld, a hilly and sometimes forested region, where the Leine river emanates. The central and northern part of Thuringia is defined by the 3000 km² wide Thuringian Basin, a very fertile and flat area around the Unstrut river and completely surrounded by the following hill chains (clockwise from the north-west): Dün, Hainleite, Windleite, Kyffhäuser, Hohe Schrecke, Schmücke, Finne, Ettersberg, Steigerwald, Thuringian Forest, Hörselberge and Hainich. Within the Basin the smaller hill chains Fahner Höhe and Heilinger Höhen. South of the Thuringian Basin is the Land's largest mountain range, marked by the Thuringian Forest in the north-west, the Thuringian Highland in the middle and the Franconian Forest in the south-east. Most of this range is forested and the Großer Beerberg (983 m) is Thuringia's highest mountain. To the south-west, the Forest is followed up by Werra river valley, dividing it from the Rhön Mountains in the west and the Grabfeld plain in the south. Eastern Thuringia, commonly described as the area east of Saale and Loquitz valley, is marked by a hilly landscape, rising slowly from the flat north to the mountainous south. The Saale in the west and the Weiße Elster in the east are the two big rivers running from south to north and forming densely settled valleys in this area. Between them lies the flat and forested Holzland in the north, the flat and fertile Orlasenke in the middle and the Vogtland, a hilly but in most parts non-forested region in the south. The far eastern region (east of Weiße Elster) is the Osterland or Altenburger Land along Pleiße river, a flat, fertile and densely settled agricultural area.

Q1: Where are the Harz mountains located?
A1: The far north
Q2: What is the landscape of Eichsfeld? 
A2: hilly and sometimes forested
Q3: What is Thuringia's highest mountain?
A3: Großer Beerberg
Q4: Where is Orlasenke located?
A4: in the middle
Q5: How many big rivers flow through Thuringia? 
A5: The Saale in the west and the Weiße Elster in the east
Tibet (Geography and places)

The language has numerous regional dialects which are generally not mutually intelligible. It is employed throughout the Tibetan plateau and Bhutan and is also spoken in parts of Nepal and northern India, such as Sikkim. In general, the dialects of central Tibet (including Lhasa), Kham, Amdo and some smaller nearby areas are considered Tibetan dialects. Other forms, particularly Dzongkha, Sikkimese, Sherpa, and Ladakhi, are considered by their speakers, largely for political reasons, to be separate languages. However, if the latter group of Tibetan-type languages are included in the calculation, then 'greater Tibetan' is spoken by approximately 6 million people across the Tibetan Plateau. Tibetan is also spoken by approximately 150,000 exile speakers who have fled from modern-day Tibet to India and other countries.

Q1: How many people across the Tibetan Plateau speak 'greater Tibetan'?
A1: approximately 6 million
Q2: How many people who have fled modern-day Tibet are considered to be exile speakers of Tibetan?
A2: approximately 150,000
Q3: Why are Dzongkha, Sikkimese, Sherpa, and Ladakhi considered to be separate languages?
A3: political reasons
Quran (Philosophy and religion)

The language of the Quran has been described as "rhymed prose" as it partakes of both poetry and prose; however, this description runs the risk of failing to convey the rhythmic quality of Quranic language, which is more poetic in some parts and more prose-like in others. Rhyme, while found throughout the Quran, is conspicuous in many of the earlier Meccan suras, in which relatively short verses throw the rhyming words into prominence. The effectiveness of such a form is evident for instance in Sura 81, and there can be no doubt that these passages impressed the conscience of the hearers. Frequently a change of rhyme from one set of verses to another signals a change in the subject of discussion. Later sections also preserve this form but the style is more expository.

Q1: What description of the writing in the Quran highlights its poetic aspect?
A1: rhymed prose
Q2: Which suras in the Quran are particularly rhythmic?
A2: earlier Meccan suras
Q3: What often changes along with the rhyming of Quranic verses?
A3: subject of discussion
Q4: Which parts of the Quran are the least poetic?
A4: Later
Treaty (Language and literature)

The language of treaties, like that of any law or contract, must be interpreted when the wording does not seem clear or it is not immediately apparent how it should be applied in a perhaps unforeseen circumstance. The Vienna Convention states that treaties are to be interpreted "in good faith" according to the "ordinary meaning given to the terms of the treaty in their context and in the light of its object and purpose." International legal experts also often invoke the 'principle of maximum effectiveness,' which interprets treaty language as having the fullest force and effect possible to establish obligations between the parties.

Q1: What principle is often invoked by legal experts when interpreting the language of treaties?
A1: principle of maximum effectiveness
Q2: The principle of maximum effectiveness interprets the language of treaties as having what effect to establish obligations between parties?
A2: the fullest force and effect
Q3: What states that treaties are to be interpreted "in good faith" according to the "ordinary meaning given to the terms of the treaty in their context and in light of its object and purpose?"
A3: The Vienna Convention
Q4: What property of treaties must often be interpreted when it's not clear?
A4: The language
Q5: Besides unclear language what might also arise that necessitates the interpretation of the language of a treaty?
A5: a perhaps unforeseen circumstance
Russian_language (Language and literature)

The language possesses five vowels (or six, under the St. Petersburg Phonological School), which are written with different letters depending on whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalized. The consonants typically come in plain vs. palatalized pairs, which are traditionally called hard and soft. (The hard consonants are often velarized, especially before front vowels, as in Irish). The standard language, based on the Moscow dialect, possesses heavy stress and moderate variation in pitch. Stressed vowels are somewhat lengthened, while unstressed vowels tend to be reduced to near-close vowels or an unclear schwa. (See also: vowel reduction in Russian.)

Q1: Who says Russian has 6 vowels?
A1: St. Petersburg Phonological School
Q2: When are Russian vowels written differently?
A2: depending on whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalized
Q3: What dialect is standard Russian based on?
A3: Moscow dialect
Q4: What language does Russian treat hard consonants similar to?
A4: Irish
Q5: What is done to unstressed vowels?
A5: reduced to near-close vowels or an unclear schwa
Russian_language (Language and literature)

The language was first introduced in North America when Russian explorers voyaged into Alaska and claimed it for Russia during the 1700s. Although most colonists left after the United States bought the land in 1867, a handful stayed and preserved the Russian language in this region to this day, although only a few elderly speakers of this unique dialect are left. Sizable Russian-speaking communities also exist in North America, especially in large urban centers of the U.S. and Canada, such as New York City, Philadelphia, Boston, Los Angeles, Nashville, San Francisco, Seattle, Spokane, Toronto, Baltimore, Miami, Chicago, Denver and Cleveland. In a number of locations they issue their own newspapers, and live in ethnic enclaves (especially the generation of immigrants who started arriving in the early 1960s). Only about 25% of them are ethnic Russians, however. Before the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the overwhelming majority of Russophones in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn in New York City were Russian-speaking Jews. Afterward, the influx from the countries of the former Soviet Union changed the statistics somewhat, with ethnic Russians and Ukrainians immigrating along with some more Russian Jews and Central Asians. According to the United States Census, in 2007 Russian was the primary language spoken in the homes of over 850,000 individuals living in the United States.

Q1: Where did Russian explorers first reach North America?
A1: Alaska
Q2: When did Russian explorers first reach North America?
A2: 1700s
Q3: When did the US buy Alaska?
A3: 1867
Q4: What portion of Russian-speaking Americans are ethnic Russians?
A4: about 25%
Q5: What is the term for Russian-speaking people?
A5: Russophones
Czech_language (Language and literature)

The languages have not undergone the deliberate highlighting of minor linguistic differences in the name of nationalism as has occurred in the Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian standards of Serbo-Croatian. However, most Slavic languages (including Czech) have been distanced in this way from Russian influences because of widespread public resentment against the former Soviet Union (which occupied Czechoslovakia in 1968). Czech and Slovak form a dialect continuum, with great similarity between neighboring Czech and Slovak dialects. (See "Dialects" below.)

Q1: What deliberate action has been done to some languages in the name of nationalism?
A1: highlighting of minor linguistic differences
Q2: What language family is Czech?
A2: Slavic
Q3: Why did many Slavic languages distance themselves from Russian influences?
A3: resentment against the former Soviet Union
Q4: When did the Soviet Union occupy Czechoslovakia?
A4: 1968
Q5: What language does Czech form a dialect continuum with?
A5: Slovak
Dialect (Language and literature)

The languages of Italy are primarily Latin-based Romance languages, with the most widely spoken languages falling within the Italo-Dalmatian language family. This wide category includes:

Q1: What language family do most of the languages of Italy belong to?
A1: Italo-Dalmatian
Q2: What language are most languages of Italy derived from?
A2: Latin
Q3: Aside from Italo-Dalmatian, what is another term for the group that Italian languages belong to?
A3: Romance
Middle_Ages (History)

The large external sculptural schemes of Early Gothic churches gave way to more sculpture inside the building, as tombs became more elaborate and other features such as pulpits were sometimes lavishly carved, as in the Pulpit by Giovanni Pisano in Sant'Andrea. Painted or carved wooden relief altarpieces became common, especially as churches created many side-chapels. Early Netherlandish painting by artists such as Jan van Eyck (d. 1441) and Rogier van der Weyden (d. 1464) rivalled that of Italy, as did northern illuminated manuscripts, which in the 15th century began to be collected on a large scale by secular elites, who also commissioned secular books, especially histories. From about 1450 printed books rapidly became popular, though still expensive. There were around 30,000 different editions of incunabula, or works printed before 1500, by which time illuminated manuscripts were commissioned only by royalty and a few others. Very small woodcuts, nearly all religious, were affordable even by peasants in parts of Northern Europe from the middle of the 15th century. More expensive engravings supplied a wealthier market with a variety of images.

Q1: Who carved the Pulpit in Sant'Andrea?
A1: Giovanni Pisano
Q2: Along with being carved, how were altarpieces often decorated in this period?
A2: Painted
Q3: When did Rogier van der Weyden die?
A3: 1464
Q4: Of what nationality was Jan van Eyck?
A4: Netherlandish
Q5: What does incunabula refer to?
A5: works printed before 1500
Solar_energy (Natural sciences)

The large magnitude of solar energy available makes it a highly appealing source of electricity. The United Nations Development Programme in its 2000 World Energy Assessment found that the annual potential of solar energy was 1,575–49,837 exajoules (EJ). This is several times larger than the total world energy consumption, which was 559.8 EJ in 2012.

Q1: What was the total worldwide energy consumption in 2012?
A1: 559.8 EJ
Q2: What is solar energy's yearly potential?
A2: 1,575–49,837 exajoules (EJ)
Q3: What makes solar energy an appealing source of electricity>
A3: The large magnitude of solar energy available
Q4: Who estimated the annual potential of solar energy in 2000?
A4: The United Nations Development Programme
Pacific_War (History)

The largest and bloodiest American battle came at Okinawa, as the U.S. sought airbases for 3,000 B-29 bombers and 240 squadrons of B-17 bombers for the intense bombardment of Japan's home islands in preparation for a full-scale invasion in late 1945. The Japanese, with 115,000 troops augmented by thousands of civilians on the heavily populated island, did not resist on the beaches—their strategy was to maximize the number of soldier and Marine casualties, and naval losses from Kamikaze attacks. After an intense bombardment the Americans landed on 1 April 1945 and declared victory on 21 June. The supporting naval forces were the targets for 4,000 sorties, many by Kamikaze suicide planes. U.S. losses totaled 38 ships of all types sunk and 368 damaged with 4,900 sailors killed. The Americans suffered 75,000 casualties on the ground; 94% of the Japanese soldiers died along with many civilians.

Q1: How many B-29 bombers were airbases need for in Okinawa?
A1: 3,000
Q2: How many squadrons of B=17 bombers were airbases need for in Okinawa?
A2: 240
Q3: How many Japanese troops were on Okinawa?
A3: 115,000
Q4: When did the United States land forces on Okinawa?
A4: 1 April 1945
Q5: How many U.S. ships were lost at Okinawa?
A5: 38
Montevideo (Geography and places)

The largest cemetery is the Cementerio del Norte, located in the northern-central part of the city. The Central Cemetery (Spanish: Cementerio central), located in Barrio Sur in the southern area of the city, is one of Uruguay's main cemeteries. It was one of the first cemeteries (in contrast to church graveyards) in the country, founded in 1835 in a time where burials were still carried out by the Catholic Church. It is the burial place of many of the most famous Uruguayans, such as Eduardo Acevedo, Delmira Agustini, Luis Batlle Berres, José Batlle y Ordóñez, Juan Manuel Blanes, François Ducasse, father of Comte de Lautréamont (Isidore Ducasse), Luis Alberto de Herrera, Benito Nardone, José Enrique Rodó, and Juan Zorrilla de San Martín.

Q1: What is the largest cemetery?
A1: Cementerio del Norte
Q2: Where is the Central Cemetery located?
A2: Barrio Sur
Q3: What year was the Central Cemetery founded?
A3: 1835
Kathmandu (Geography and places)

The largest ethnic groups are Newar (29.6%), Matwali (25.1% Sunuwar, Gurung, Magars, Tamang etc.), Khas Brahmins (20.51%) and Chettris (18.5%) . Tamangs originating from surrounding hill districts can be seen in Kathmandu. More recently, other hill ethnic groups and Caste groups from Terai have come to represent a substantial proportion of the city's population. The major languages are Nepali and Nepal Bhasa, while English is understood by many, particularly in the service industry. The major religions are Hinduism and Buddhism.

Q1: What percentage of Kathmandu residents are Chettris?
A1: 18.5
Q2: What is the third largest ethnic group in Kathmandu?
A2: Khas Brahmins
Q3: What are Kathmandu's primary religions?
A3: Hinduism and Buddhism
Q4: What Kathmandu industry is particularly known for its English speakers?
A4: service
Q5: Along with Nepali, what is Kathmandu's main language?
A5: Nepal Bhasa
Comprehensive_school (Social sciences and society)

The largest expansion of comprehensive schools in 1965 resulted from a policy decision taken in 1965 by Anthony Crosland, Secretary of State for Education in the 1964–1970 Labour government. The policy decision was implemented by Circular 10/65, an instruction to local education authorities to plan for conversion. Students sat the 11+ examination in their last year of primary education and were sent to one of a secondary modern, secondary technical or grammar school depending on their perceived ability. Secondary technical schools were never widely implemented and for 20 years there was a virtual bipartite system which saw fierce competition for the available grammar school places, which varied between 15% and 25% of total secondary places, depending on location.[citation needed]

Q1: Who was responsible for the proliferation of comprehensive schools in 1965?
A1: Anthony Crosland
Q2: what was Anthony Crosland's role in government?
A2: Secretary of State for Education
Q3: Which type of school was not in widespread usage?
A3: Secondary technical schools
Alps (Geography and places)

The largest mammal to live in the highest altitudes are the alpine ibex, which have been sighted as high as 3,000 m (9,843 ft). The ibex live in caves and descend to eat the succulent alpine grasses. Classified as antelopes, chamois are smaller than ibex and found throughout the Alps, living above the tree line and are common in the entire alpine range. Areas of the eastern Alps are still home to brown bears. In Switzerland the canton of Bern was named for the bears but the last bear is recorded as having been killed in 1792 above Kleine Scheidegg by three hunters from Grindelwald.

Q1: What is the largest mammal to live in the highest altitudes?
A1: alpine ibex
Q2: How high have the Alpine Ibex been sighted?
A2: as high as 3,000 m (9,843 ft)
Q3: Where do the ibex live?
A3: in caves
Q4: What animal that live in the Alps are classified as antelopes?
A4: chamois
Q5: What year was the last brown bear recorded to have been killed?
A5: 1792
Paris (Geography and places)

The largest opera houses of Paris are the 19th-century Opéra Garnier (historical Paris Opéra) and modern Opéra Bastille; the former tends toward the more classic ballets and operas, and the latter provides a mixed repertoire of classic and modern. In middle of the 19th century, there were three other active and competing opera houses: the Opéra-Comique (which still exists), Théâtre-Italien, and Théâtre Lyrique (which in modern times changed its profile and name to Théâtre de la Ville). Philharmonie de Paris, the modern symphonic concert hall of Paris, opened in January 2015. Another musical landmark is the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, where the first performances of Diaghilev's Ballets Russes took place in 1913.

Q1: When did Philharmonie de Paris open?
A1: January 2015
Q2: What are the two largest opera houses in Paris?
A2: Opéra Garnier (historical Paris Opéra) and modern Opéra Bastille;
Q3: What does Opera Garnier specialize in?
A3: classic ballets and operas
Q4: In what year were the first performances of Diagheliv's Ballet Russes?
A4: 1913
Q5: Where di the first performances of Diagheliv's Ballets Russes take place?
A5: Théâtre des Champs-Élysées
London (Geography and places)

The largest parks in the central area of London are three of the eight Royal Parks, namely Hyde Park and its neighbour Kensington Gardens in the west, and Regent's Park to the north. Hyde Park in particular is popular for sports and sometimes hosts open-air concerts. Regent's Park contains London Zoo, the world's oldest scientific zoo, and is near the tourist attraction of Madame Tussauds Wax Museum. Primrose Hill in the northern part of Regent's Park at 256 feet (78 m) is a popular spot to view the city skyline.

Q1: How many royal parks are located in the center of London?
A1: three
Q2: In which park is the London Zoo housed?
A2: Regent's Park
Q3: What royal park shares a border with its neighbor, the park known as Kensington Gardens?
A3: Hyde Park
Q4: What area of Regent's Park is an excellent spot to see the London skyline?
A4: Primrose Hill
Q5: What popular tourist destination is located near Regent's Park?
A5: Madame Tussauds Wax Museum
Valencia (Geography and places)

The largest plaza in Valencia is the Plaza del Ayuntamiento; it is home to the City Hall (Ayuntamiento) on its western side and the central post office (Edificio de Correos) on its eastern side, a cinema that shows classic movies, and many restaurants and bars. The plaza is triangular in shape, with a large cement lot at the southern end, normally surrounded by flower vendors. It serves as ground zero during the Les Falles when the fireworks of the Mascletà can be heard every afternoon. There is a large fountain at the northern end.

Q1: Where is Valencia's City Hall located?
A1: Plaza del Ayuntamiento
Q2: What is on the eastern side of Valencia's largest plaza?
A2: the central post office
Q3: What shape is the Plaza del Ayuntamiento?
A3: triangular
Q4: What is in the north part of the plaza?
A4: a large fountain
Q5: When are firewords heard every day?
A5: during the Les Falles
Montevideo (Geography and places)

The largest private university in Uruguay, is also located in Montevideo. ORT Uruguay was first established as a non-profit organization in 1942, and was officially certified as a private university in September 1996, becoming the second private educational institution in the country to achieve that status.[citation needed] It is a member of World ORT, an international educational network founded in 1880 by the Jewish community in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The university has about 8,000 students, distributed among 5 faculties and institutes, mainly geared towards the sciences and technology/engineering. Its current rector as of 2010[update] is Dr. Jorge A. Grünberg.

Q1: What is the largest private university in Uruguay?
A1: ORT Uruguay
Q2: When was ORT Uruguay established?
A2: 1942
Q3: When was ORT Uruguay officially certified as a private university?
A3: September 1996
Q4: How many students does the ORT Uruguay university have?
A4: about 8,000