LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Egypt (Geography and places)

The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt considered the most important centre of the maritime transport in the Middle East, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Opened in November 1869 after 10 years of construction work, it allows ship transport between Europe and Asia without navigation around Africa. The northern terminus is Port Said and the southern terminus is Port Tawfiq at the city of Suez. Ismailia lies on its west bank, 3 km (1.9 mi) from the half-way point.

Q1: What is consideredt the most important part of maritime transport in middle east?
A1: The Suez Canal
Q2: Is the Suez Canal natural?
A2: artificial sea-level waterway
Q3: What 2 bodies of water does Suez connect?
A3: Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea
Q4: When was Suez canal completed?
A4: November 1869
Egypt (Geography and places)

The Suez Canal, built in partnership with the French, was completed in 1869. Its construction led to enormous debt to European banks, and caused popular discontent because of the onerous taxation it required. In 1875 Ismail was forced to sell Egypt's share in the canal to the British Government. Within three years this led to the imposition of British and French controllers who sat in the Egyptian cabinet, and, "with the financial power of the bondholders behind them, were the real power in the Government."

Q1: Who partnered with Egypt to build Suez Canal?
A1: French
Q2: In what year did Egypt sell its portion of Suez Canal?
A2: 1875
Q3: To whom did Egypt sell its interest in Suez Canal?
A3: British Government
Q4: Who sold Egypt's portion of Suez?
A4: Ismail
British_Empire (History)

The Suez Crisis very publicly exposed Britain's limitations to the world and confirmed Britain's decline on the world stage, demonstrating that henceforth it could no longer act without at least the acquiescence, if not the full support, of the United States. The events at Suez wounded British national pride, leading one MP to describe it as "Britain's Waterloo" and another to suggest that the country had become an "American satellite". Margaret Thatcher later described the mindset she believed had befallen the British political establishment as "Suez syndrome", from which Britain did not recover until the successful recapture of the Falkland Islands from Argentina in 1982.

Q1: Where did 'Britain's Waterloo' occur?
A1: Suez
Q2: Who referred to 'Suez Syndrome'?
A2: Margaret Thatcher
Q3: When did Britain retake the Falkland Islands?
A3: 1982
Q4: From whom did Britain retake the Falkland Islands?
A4: Argentina
Q5: A British minister thought which country was becoming an 'American satellite'?
A5: Britain
Elizabeth_II (History)

The Suez crisis and the choice of Eden's successor led in 1957 to the first major personal criticism of the Queen. In a magazine, which he owned and edited, Lord Altrincham accused her of being "out of touch". Altrincham was denounced by public figures and slapped by a member of the public appalled by his comments. Six years later, in 1963, Macmillan resigned and advised the Queen to appoint the Earl of Home as prime minister, advice that she followed. The Queen again came under criticism for appointing the prime minister on the advice of a small number of ministers or a single minister. In 1965, the Conservatives adopted a formal mechanism for electing a leader, thus relieving her of involvement.

Q1: Aside from her choice of Eden's successor, what crisis caused Elizabeth to be criticized?
A1: Suez crisis
Q2: What did Lord Altrincham accuse Elizabeth of being?
A2: out of touch
Q3: When did Macmillan resign?
A3: 1963
Q4: Who did Elizabeth appoint as Prime Minister after the resignation of Macmillan?
A4: Earl of Home
Q5: When was a formal mechanism for electing the Minister adopted?
A5: 1965
Somalis (Geography and places)

The Sultanate of Ifat, led by the Walashma dynasty with its capital at Zeila, ruled over parts of what is now eastern Ethiopia, Djibouti, and northern Somalia. The historian al-Umari records that Ifat was situated near the Red Sea coast, and states its size as 15 days travel by 20 days travel. Its army numbered 15,000 horsemen and 20,000 foot soldiers. Al-Umari also credits Ifat with seven "mother cities": Belqulzar, Kuljura, Shimi, Shewa, Adal, Jamme and Laboo.

Q1: What dynasty ruled the Sultanate of Ifat?
A1: the Walashma dynasty
Q2: What was the capital of the Sultanate of Ifat?
A2: Zeila
Q3: Along with parts of Ethiopia and Somalia, in what modern-day country was the Sultanate of Ifat located?
A3: Djibouti
Q4: According to al-Umari, how many cavalry did the Sultanate of Ifat have?
A4: 15,000
Q5: Near what body of water did al-Umari say Ifat was located?
A5: the Red Sea
Sumer (History)

The Sumerian city-states rose to power during the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods. Sumerian written history reaches back to the 27th century BC and before, but the historical record remains obscure until the Early Dynastic III period, c. the 23rd century BC, when a now deciphered syllabary writing system was developed, which has allowed archaeologists to read contemporary records and inscriptions. Classical Sumer ends with the rise of the Akkadian Empire in the 23rd century BC. Following the Gutian period, there is a brief Sumerian Renaissance in the 21st century BC, cut short in the 20th century BC by Semitic Amorite invasions. The Amorite "dynasty of Isin" persisted until c. 1700 BC, when Mesopotamia was united under Babylonian rule. The Sumerians were eventually absorbed into the Akkadian (Assyro-Babylonian) population.

Q1: During what periods did the Sumerican city-states rise to power?
A1: prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk
Q2: What is obscure until the Early Dynastic III period around the 23rd century BC?
A2: Sumerian written history
Q3: What was developed that has allowed archaeologists to read contemporary records and inscriptions?
A3: syllabary writing system
Q4: When does Classical Sumer end?
A4: rise of the Akkadian Empire
Q5: What cut short the Sumerian Renaissance in the 21st century BC?
A5: Semitic Amorite invasions
Sumer (History)

The Sumerian language is generally regarded as a language isolate in linguistics because it belongs to no known language family; Akkadian, by contrast, belongs to the Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages. There have been many failed attempts to connect Sumerian to other language groups. It is an agglutinative language; in other words, morphemes ("units of meaning") are added together to create words, unlike analytic languages where morphemes are purely added together to create sentences. Some authors have proposed that there may be evidence of a sub-stratum or add-stratum language for geographic features and various crafts and agricultural activities, called variously Proto-Euphratean or Proto Tigrean, but this is disputed by others.

Q1: Why is the Sumerian language usually thought of as a language isolate in linguistics?
A1: belongs to no known language family
Q2: Akkadian's language can be traced to the Semitic branch of what languages?
A2: Afroasiatic
Q3: What has been the result of attempts to connect Sumerian to other language groups?
A3: failed
Q4: What are morphemes?
A4: "units of meaning"
Q5: In Sumerian, what are morphemes added together to create?
A5: words
Sumer (History)

The Sumerians developed a complex system of metrology c. 4000 BC. This advanced metrology resulted in the creation of arithmetic, geometry, and algebra. From c. 2600 BC onwards, the Sumerians wrote multiplication tables on clay tablets and dealt with geometrical exercises and division problems. The earliest traces of the Babylonian numerals also date back to this period. The period c. 2700 – 2300 BC saw the first appearance of the abacus, and a table of successive columns which delimited the successive orders of magnitude of their sexagesimal number system. The Sumerians were the first to use a place value numeral system. There is also anecdotal evidence the Sumerians may have used a type of slide rule in astronomical calculations. They were the first to find the area of a triangle and the volume of a cube.

Q1: What did the Sumerians a complex system of around 4000 BC?
A1: metrology
Q2: From the Sumerian metrology sprang forth the creation of what disciplines? 
A2: arithmetic, geometry, and algebra
Q3: Where did the Sumerians put their multiplication tables?
A3: on clay tablets
Q4: When was the abacus first seen between?
A4: 2700 – 2300 BC
Q5: What were the Sumerians the first to do when it came to mathematics?
A5: use a place value numeral system
Sumer (History)

The Sumerians were a non-Semitic caucasoid people, and spoke a language isolate; a number of linguists believed they could detect a substrate language beneath Sumerian, because names of some of Sumer's major cities are not Sumerian, revealing influences of earlier inhabitants. However, the archaeological record shows clear uninterrupted cultural continuity from the time of the early Ubaid period (5300 – 4700 BC C-14) settlements in southern Mesopotamia. The Sumerian people who settled here farmed the lands in this region that were made fertile by silt deposited by the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers.

Q1: Who were a non-Semitic caucasoid people?
A1: The Sumerians
Q2: What influences did the Sumerian language seem to retain?
A2: earlier inhabitants
Q3: What do archaeological records clearly show about the Sumerian culture?
A3: uninterrupted cultural continuity
Q4: When were settlements started in southern Mesopotamia?
A4: early Ubaid period
Q5: Why were the lands in the region the Sumerian people settled fertile?
A5: silt deposited by the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers
Sumer (History)

The Sumerians were one of the first known beer drinking societies. Cereals were plentiful and were the key ingredient in their early brew. They brewed multiple kinds of beer consisting of wheat, barley, and mixed grain beers. Beer brewing was very important to the Sumerians. It was referenced in the Epic of Gilgamesh when Enkidu was introduced to the food and beer of Gilgamesh's people: "Drink the beer, as is the custom of the land... He drank the beer-seven jugs! and became expansive and sang with joy!"

Q1: What was Sumerians one of the first societies known to consume?
A1: beer
Q2: What was the key ingredient in early Sumerian brews?
A2: Cereals
Q3: What kinds of beer did the Sumerians brew?
A3: wheat, barley, and mixed grain
Q4: How important was beer brewing to Sumerians?
A4: very important
Q5: What did Enkidu become and do after consuming seven jugs of beer?
A5: expansive and sang with joy
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) (History)

The Sun had the largest circulation of any daily newspaper in the United Kingdom, but in late 2013 slipped to second largest Saturday newspaper behind the Daily Mail. It had an average daily circulation of 2.2 million copies in March 2014. Between July and December 2013 the paper had an average daily readership of approximately 5.5 million, with approximately 31% of those falling into the ABC1 demographic and 68% in the C2DE demographic. Approximately 41% of readers are women. The Sun has been involved in many controversies in its history, including its coverage of the 1989 Hillsborough football stadium disaster. Regional editions of the newspaper for Scotland, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland are published in Glasgow (The Scottish Sun), Belfast (The Sun) and Dublin (The Irish Sun) respectively.

Q1: Which newspaper overtook The Sun as largest Saturday UK newspaper?
A1: Daily Mail
Q2: What was the sun's circulation per day in March 2014?
A2: 2.2 million copies
Q3: What was the largest demographic for readers of The Sun?
A3: C2DE demographic
Q4: What is the percentage of The Sun readers who are women?
A4: Approximately 41%
Q5: What is one controversial event covered by The Sun?
A5: 1989 Hillsborough football stadium disaster
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) (History)

The Sun has been openly antagonistic towards other European nations, particularly the French and Germans. During the 1980s and 1990s, the nationalities were routinely described in copy and headlines as "frogs", "krauts" or "hun". As the paper is opposed to the EU it has referred to foreign leaders who it deemed hostile to the UK in unflattering terms. Former President Jacques Chirac of France, for instance, was branded "le Worm". An unflattering picture of German chancellor Angela Merkel, taken from the rear, bore the headline "I'm Big in the Bumdestag" (17 April 2006).

Q1: Which two nations has The Sun been very antagonistic towards?
A1: French and Germans
Q2: What names were used by The Sun to characterize the French and Germans?
A2: "frogs", "krauts" or "hun"
Q3: What is the paper's stance on the EU?
A3: opposed
Q4: How was French president Jacques Chirac described by The Sun?
A4: le Worm
Q5: Which German chancellor was criticized by The Sun?
A5: Angela Merkel
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) (History)

The Sun remained loyal to Thatcher right up to her resignation in November 1990, despite the party's fall in popularity over the previous year following the introduction of the Poll tax (officially known as the Community Charge). This change to the way local government is funded was vociferously supported by the newspaper, despite widespread opposition, (some from Conservative MPs), which is seen as having contributed to Thatcher's own downfall. The tax was quickly repealed by her successor John Major, whom The Sun initially supported enthusiastically, believing he was a radical Thatcherite – despite the economy having entered recession at this time.

Q1: When did Margaret Thatcher leave office?
A1: November 1990
Q2: What is another name for the Community Charge?
A2: Poll tax
Q3: Who took over for Thatcher?
A3: John Major
Q4: Who opposed the poll tax?
A4: Conservative MPs
Q5: How did The Sun feel about the Poll tax?
A5: was vociferously supported by the newspaper
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) (History)

The Sun switched support to the Labour party on 18 March 1997, six weeks before the General Election victory which saw the New Labour leader Tony Blair become Prime Minister with a large parliamentary majority, despite the paper having attacked Blair and New Labour up to a month earlier. Its front page headline read THE SUN BACKS BLAIR and its front page editorial made clear that while it still opposed some New Labour policies, such as the Minimum Wage and Devolution, it believed Blair to be "the breath of fresh air this great country needs". John Major's Conservatives, it said, were "tired, divided and rudderless". Blair, who had radically altered his party's image and policies, noting the influence the paper could have over its readers' political thinking, had courted it (and Murdoch) for some time by granting exclusive interviews and writing columns.

Q1: Who did The Sun declare political endorsement of in 1997?
A1: Labour party
Q2: Who became Prime Minister in 1997?
A2: Tony Blair
Q3: Which New Labour policies did The Sun oppose?
A3: Minimum Wage and Devolution
Q4: How did The Sun describe John Major's Conservatives?
A4: "tired, divided and rudderless"
Q5: Who greatly changed the image of the Labour party?
A5: Blair
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) (History)

The Sun, during the Miners' strike of 1984–85, supported the police and the Thatcher government against the striking NUM miners, and in particular the union's president, Arthur Scargill. On 23 May 1984, The Sun prepared a front page with the headline "Mine Führer" and a photograph of Scargill with his arm in the air, a pose which made him look as though he was giving a Nazi salute. The print workers at The Sun refused to print it. The Sun strongly supported the April 1986 bombing of Libya by the US, which was launched from British bases. Several civilians were killed during the bombing. Their leader was "Right Ron, Right Maggie". That year, Labour MP Clare Short attempted in vain to persuade Parliament to outlaw the pictures on Page Three and gained opprobrium from the newspaper for her stand.

Q1: Who did The Sun support in the 1984-85 Miners' strike?
A1: the police and the Thatcher government
Q2: Who was president of the Miners' union?
A2: Arthur Scargill
Q3: What did a picture of Scargill have him appear to be doing?
A3: giving a Nazi salute
Q4: How did The Sun feel about the American bombing of Libya in 1986?
A4: strongly supported the April 1986 bombing
Q5: Who was Labour M.P. in 1986?
A5: Clare Short
The_Times (History)

The Sunday Times has a significantly higher circulation than The Times, and sometimes outsells The Sunday Telegraph. As of January 2013, The Times has a circulation of 399,339 and The Sunday Times of 885,612.

Q1: Which newspaper has a significantly higher circulation, The Sunday Times or The Times?
A1: The Sunday Times
Q2: As of January 2013, The Times has a circulation of how many people?
A2: 399,339
Q3: As of January 2013, The Sunday Times has a circulation of how many people?
A3: 885,612
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System (Video games)

The Super Nintendo Entertainment System (officially abbreviated the Super NES[b] or SNES[c], and commonly shortened to Super Nintendo[d]) is a 16-bit home video game console developed by Nintendo that was released in 1990 in Japan and South Korea, 1991 in North America, 1992 in Europe and Australasia (Oceania), and 1993 in South America. In Japan, the system is called the Super Famicom (Japanese: スーパーファミコン, Hepburn: Sūpā Famikon?, officially adopting the abbreviated name of its predecessor, the Family Computer), or SFC for short. In South Korea, it is known as the Super Comboy (슈퍼 컴보이 Syupeo Keomboi) and was distributed by Hyundai Electronics. Although each version is essentially the same, several forms of regional lockout prevent the different versions from being compatible with one another. It was released in Brazil on September 2, 1992, by Playtronic.

Q1: When was the SNES released in the US?
A1: 1991
Q2: Where was the SNES first released?
A2: Japan and South Korea
Q3: What was the SNES called in Japan?
A3: Super Famicom
Q4: What was the SNES called in South Korea?
A4: Super Comboy
Q5: When was the SNES released in Australia?
A5: 1992
PlayStation_3 (Video games)

The Super Slim model of PS3 has received positive reviews. Gaming website Spong praised the new Super Slim's quietness, stating "The most noticeable noise comes when the drive seeks a new area of the disc, such as when starting to load a game, and this occurs infrequently." They added that the fans are quieter than that of Slim, and went on to praise the new smaller, lighter size. Criticism was placed on the new disc loader, stating: "The cover can be moved by hand if you wish, there's also an eject button to do the work for you, but there is no software eject from the triangle button menus in the Xross Media Bar (XMB) interface. In addition, you have to close the cover by hand, which can be a bit fiddly if it's upright, and the PS3 won't start reading a disc unless you do [close the cover]." They also said there is no real drop in retail price.

Q1: What quality of the PS3 Super Slim was the website Spong excited about?
A1: quietness
Q2: In addition to quieter fans and drive, what change from the other models did Spong praise?
A2: smaller, lighter size
Q3: What piece of the PS3 Super Slim's hardware did Spong say was too "fiddly"?
A3: disc loader
Q4: What did Spong said you have to do to the disc loader before the console will start reading the disc?
A4: close the cover
Southampton (Geography and places)

The Supermarine Spitfire was designed and developed in Southampton, evolving from the Schneider trophy-winning seaplanes of the 1920s and 1930s. Its designer, R J Mitchell, lived in the Portswood area of Southampton, and his house is today marked with a blue plaque. Heavy bombing of the factory in September 1940 destroyed it as well as homes in the vicinity, killing civilians and workers. World War II hit Southampton particularly hard because of its strategic importance as a major commercial port and industrial area. Prior to the Invasion of Europe, components for a Mulberry harbour were built here. After D-Day, Southampton docks handled military cargo to help keep the Allied forces supplied, making it a key target of Luftwaffe bombing raids until late 1944. Southampton docks was featured in the television show 24: Live Another Day in Day 9: 9:00 p.m. – 10:00 p.m.

Q1: Who designed the Supermarine Spitfire?
A1: R J Mitchell
Q2: What area of Southampton did Mitchell hail from?
A2: Portswood
Q3: What color is the plaque that marks the Spitfire designer's house?
A3: blue
Q4: In what month of 1940 did bombs destroy the factory that made Mitchell's seaplanes?
A4: September
Q5: Which forces did Southampton supply after D-Day that made it a target for many Luftwaffe air raids?
A5: Allied forces
European_Central_Bank (Geography and places)

The Supervisory Board meets twice a month to discuss, plan and carry out the ECB’s supervisory tasks. It proposes draft decisions to the Governing Council under the non-objection procedure. It is composed of Chair (appointed for a non-renewable term of five years), Vice-Chair (chosen from among the members of the ECB's Executive Board) four ECB representatives and representatives of national supervisors. If the national supervisory authority designated by a Member State is not a national central bank (NCB), the representative of the competent authority can be accompanied by a representative from their NCB. In such cases, the representatives are together considered as one member for the purposes of the voting procedure.

Q1: What does the Supervisory Board discuss at it's meetings?
A1: discuss, plan and carry out the ECB’s supervisory tasks
Q2: How long is the term for the Chairman of the Supervisory Board?
A2: appointed for a non-renewable term of five years
Q3: How long is the term for Vice-Chair of the Supervisory Board?
A3: chosen from among the members of the ECB's Executive Board
Q4: Besides the Chair and Vice-Chair, who else is on the Supervisory Board?
A4: four ECB representatives and representatives of national supervisors
Q5: What happens if the national supervisory authority designated by a Member State is not a national central bank?
A5: the representative of the competent authority can be accompanied by a representative from their NCB
Supreme_court (Language and literature)

The Supreme Court is the highest court in Ireland. It has authority to interpret the constitution, and strike down laws and activities of the state that it finds to be unconstitutional. It is also the highest authority in the interpretation of the law. Constitutionally it must have authority to interpret the constitution but its further appellate jurisdiction from lower courts is defined by law. The Irish Supreme Court consists of its presiding member, the Chief Justice, and seven other judges. Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President in accordance with the binding advice of the Government. The Supreme Court sits in the Four Courts in Dublin.

Q1: What is the highest ranking court in Ireland?
A1: The Supreme Court
Q2: Ireland's highest court has the power to determine whether laws are allowed by what document?
A2: the constitution
Q3: Who is the highest judge in Ireland's Supreme Court?
A3: the Chief Justice
Q4: Besides chief justice, how many other judges sit on Ireland's Supreme Court?
A4: seven other judges
Q5: Where is Ireland's Supreme Court seated?
A5: the Four Courts in Dublin