LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Warsaw_Pact (History)

Again all proposals, including the request to join NATO, were rejected by UK, US, and French governments shortly after. Emblematic was the position of British General Hastings Ismay, supporter of NATO expansion, who said that NATO "must grow until the whole free world gets under one umbrella." He opposed the request to join NATO made by the USSR in 1954 saying that "the Soviet request to join NATO is like an unrepentant burglar requesting to join the police force".

Q1: Who was the general who spoke out against the USSR joining NATO?
A1: Hastings Ismay
Q2: To what did the British general compare the USSR in his opposition to their joining NATO?
A2: burglar
Korean_War (Warfare)

Against the rested and re-armed Pusan Perimeter defenders and their reinforcements, the KPA were undermanned and poorly supplied; unlike the UN Command, they lacked naval and air support. To relieve the Pusan Perimeter, General MacArthur recommended an amphibious landing at Inchon (now known as Incheon), near Seoul and well over 100 miles (160 km) behind the KPA lines. On 6 July, he ordered Major General Hobart R. Gay, Commander, 1st Cavalry Division, to plan the division's amphibious landing at Incheon; on 12–14 July, the 1st Cavalry Division embarked from Yokohama, Japan to reinforce the 24th Infantry Division inside the Pusan Perimeter.

Q1: Why did General MacArthur suggest an amphibious landing at Inchon?
A1: To relieve the Pusan Perimeter
Q2: Who did General MacArthur ask to plan the amphibious attack?
A2: Major General Hobart R. Gay
Q3: Where did the 1st Infantry deploy from?
A3: Yokohama, Japan
Q4: Why were KPA forces unable to adequately defend themselves against UN forces?
A4: the KPA were undermanned and poorly supplied
Alps (Geography and places)

Agassiz studied glacier movement in the 1840s at the Unteraar Glacier where he found the glacier moved 100 m (328 ft) per year, more rapidly in the middle than at the edges. His work was continued by other scientists and now a permanent laboratory exists inside a glacier under the Jungfraujoch, devoted exclusively to the study of Alpine glaciers.

Q1: Where did Agassiz study during the 1840s?
A1: the Unteraar Glacier
Q2: Agassiz found that the Unteraar Glacier moved how much per year? 
A2: 100 m (328 ft)
Q3: The movement of the Unteraar Glacier moved more rapidly in what part?
A3: the middle
Wood (Natural sciences)

Age, diameter, height, radial growth, geographical location, site and growing conditions, silvicultural treatment, and seed source, all to some degree influence wood density. Variation is to be expected. Within an individual tree, the variation in wood density is often as great as or even greater than that between different trees (Timell 1986). Variation of specific gravity within the bole of a tree can occur in either the horizontal or vertical direction. :)

Q1: What should be anticipated because of the many factors that influence wood's density?
A1: Variation
Q2: What specific type of growth has an effect on the density of wood?
A2: radial
Q3: Which part of a tree can have vertical or horizontal variation in its specific gravity?
A3: bole
Q4: Variation in what measurement is sometimes greater within one tree than from one tree to another?
A4: density
Q5: What tiny object's source plays a role in determining wood density?
A5: seed
Biodiversity (Natural sciences)

Agricultural diversity can also be divided by whether it is ‘planned’ diversity or ‘associated’ diversity. This is a functional classification that we impose and not an intrinsic feature of life or diversity. Planned diversity includes the crops which a farmer has encouraged, planted or raised (e.g.: crops, covers, symbionts and livestock, among others), which can be contrasted with the associated diversity that arrives among the crops, uninvited (e.g.: herbivores, weed species and pathogens, among others).

Q1: What are two types of Agricultural diversity?
A1: ‘planned’ diversity or ‘associated’ diversity
Q2: What type of diversity includes the crops which a farmer has encouraged, planted or raised?
A2: Planned diversity
Q3: What type of diversity arrives uninvited?
A3: associated diversity
Q4: What type of diversity includes herbivores and pathogens?
A4: associated diversity
Marshall_Islands (Geography and places)

Agricultural production is concentrated on small farms.[citation needed] The most important commercial crops are coconuts, tomatoes, melons, and breadfruit.[citation needed]

Q1: Along with coconuts, tomatoes and melons, what crops are notably grown in the Marshalls?
A1: breadfruit
Q2: Where does most agricultural production take place?
A2: small farms
Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy (Geography and places)

Agricultural production on the island is difficult given the dry and rocky terrain, but the early settlers managed to produce vegetables, cotton, pineapples, salt, bananas and also fishing. Sweet potato is also grown in patches. The islanders developed commerce through the port of Gustavia. Duty-free port attractions, retail trade, high-end tourism (mostly from North America) and its luxury hotels and villas have increased the island's prosperity, reflected in the high standard of living of its citizens.

Q1: What is often difficult on the island?
A1: Agricultural production
Q2: What type of activity did early settlers use to get food that didn't involve farming?
A2: fishing
Q3: What is the name of the main commercial port in St. Barts?
A3: Gustavia
Q4: What is grown in patches on the island?
A4: Sweet potato
Q5: What seasoning is found naturally on the island?
A5: salt
Switzerland (Geography and places)

Agricultural protectionism—a rare exception to Switzerland's free trade policies—has contributed to high food prices. Product market liberalisation is lagging behind many EU countries according to the OECD. Nevertheless, domestic purchasing power is one of the best in the world. Apart from agriculture, economic and trade barriers between the European Union and Switzerland are minimal and Switzerland has free trade agreements worldwide. Switzerland is a member of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA).

Q1: What has contributed to high food prices in Switzerland?
A1: Agricultural protectionism
Q2: What type of trade agreements does Switzerland have worldwide?
A2: free
Q3: What is the EFTA?
A3: European Free Trade Association
Q4: What is Switzerland's world ranking in domestic purchasing power?
A4: one of the best
Q5: According to the OECD, what is Switzerland lagging behind many EU countries in?
A5: Product market liberalisation
Armenia (History)

Agriculture accounted for less than 20% of both net material product and total employment before the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. After independence, the importance of agriculture in the economy increased markedly, its share at the end of the 1990s rising to more than 30% of GDP and more than 40% of total employment. This increase in the importance of agriculture was attributable to food security needs of the population in the face of uncertainty during the first phases of transition and the collapse of the non-agricultural sectors of the economy in the early 1990s. As the economic situation stabilized and growth resumed, the share of agriculture in GDP dropped to slightly over 20% (2006 data), although the share of agriculture in employment remained more than 40%.

Q1: Why did agriculture become so significant for Armenia's economy?
A1: food security needs
Q2: Was agriculture more important before or after Armenia left the Soviet Union?
A2: After
Q3: How much of total employment did agriculture account for at the end of the 1990s?
A3: 40%
Q4: How much of the GDP has agriculture accounted for most recently?
A4: 20%
Somerset (Geography and places)

Agriculture and food and drink production continue to be major industries in the county, employing over 15,000 people. Apple orchards were once plentiful, and Somerset is still a major producer of cider. The towns of Taunton and Shepton Mallet are involved with the production of cider, especially Blackthorn Cider, which is sold nationwide, and there are specialist producers such as Burrow Hill Cider Farm and Thatchers Cider. Gerber Products Company in Bridgwater is the largest producer of fruit juices in Europe, producing brands such as "Sunny Delight" and "Ocean Spray." Development of the milk-based industries, such as Ilchester Cheese Company and Yeo Valley Organic, have resulted in the production of ranges of desserts, yoghurts and cheeses, including Cheddar cheese—some of which has the West Country Farmhouse Cheddar Protected Designation of Origin (PDO).

Q1: What area employs 15000 people in the couinty
A1: Agriculture and food and drink production continue to be major industries in the county, employing over 15,000 people
Q2: What type of orchids used to be pleantiful 
A2: Apple orchards were once plentiful, and Somerset is still a major producer of cider
Q3: What area is important to the fruit juice industry 
A3: Gerber Products Company in Bridgwater is the largest producer of fruit juices in Europe, producing brands such as "Sunny Delight" and "Ocean Spray
Q4: What area is PDO 
A4: Cheddar cheese—some of which has the West Country Farmhouse Cheddar Protected Designation of Origin (PDO).
Thuringia (History)

Agriculture and forestry have declined in importance over the decades. Nevertheless, they are more important than in the most other areas of Germany, especially within rural regions. 54% of Thuringia's territory is in agricultural use. The fertile basins such as the large Thuringian Basin or the smaller Goldene Aue, Orlasenke and Osterland are in intensive use for growing cereals, vegetables, fruits and energy crops. Important products are apples, strawberries, cherries and plums in the fruit sector, cabbage, potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes (grown in greenhouses), onions, cucumbers and asparagus in the vegetable sector, as well as maize, rapeseed, wheat, barley and sugar beets in the crop sector.

Q1: What is something more important to Thuringia than most areas of Germany?
A1: Agriculture and forestry
Q2: How much of Thuringia's territory is in agricultural use?
A2: 54%
Q3: What is the largest fertile area of Thuringia?
A3: the large Thuringian Basin
Q4: Where do they grow tomatoes in Thuringia?
A4: greenhouses
Q5: Which regions value agriculture most?
A5: rural regions
Solar_energy (Natural sciences)

Agriculture and horticulture seek to optimize the capture of solar energy in order to optimize the productivity of plants. Techniques such as timed planting cycles, tailored row orientation, staggered heights between rows and the mixing of plant varieties can improve crop yields. While sunlight is generally considered a plentiful resource, the exceptions highlight the importance of solar energy to agriculture. During the short growing seasons of the Little Ice Age, French and English farmers employed fruit walls to maximize the collection of solar energy. These walls acted as thermal masses and accelerated ripening by keeping plants warm. Early fruit walls were built perpendicular to the ground and facing south, but over time, sloping walls were developed to make better use of sunlight. In 1699, Nicolas Fatio de Duillier even suggested using a tracking mechanism which could pivot to follow the Sun. Applications of solar energy in agriculture aside from growing crops include pumping water, drying crops, brooding chicks and drying chicken manure. More recently the technology has been embraced by vinters, who use the energy generated by solar panels to power grape presses.

Q1: During the Little Ice Age, what did English and French farmers use to increase collection of solar energy?
A1: fruit walls
Q2: Vinters have adopted solar technology to do what?
A2: power grape presses
Q3: Why do agriculture and horticulture seek to make the most use of the solar energy captured?
A3: to optimize the productivity of plants
Q4: What are some techniques used to improve crop production?
A4: timed planting cycles, tailored row orientation, staggered heights between rows and the mixing of plant varieties
Q5: What did French and English farmers do during the Little Ice Age to gain more solar energy?
A5: employed fruit walls
Q6: What was the purpose of the fruit walls built by French and English farmers?
A6: acted as thermal masses and accelerated ripening by keeping plants warm
Portugal (Geography and places)

Agriculture in Portugal is based on small to medium-sized family-owned dispersed units. However, the sector also includes larger scale intensive farming export-oriented agrobusinesses backed by companies (like Grupo RAR's Vitacress, Sovena, Lactogal, Vale da Rosa, Companhia das Lezírias and Valouro). The country produces a wide variety of crops and livestock products, including tomatoes, citrus, green vegetables, rice, corn, barley, olives, oilseeds, nuts, cherries, bilberry, table grapes, edible mushrooms, dairy products, poultry and beef.

Q1: Upon what is Portuguese agriculture based?
A1: small to medium-sized family-owned dispersed units
Q2: What types of companies back more large scale, export-oriented agrobusinesses in Portugal?
A2: Grupo RAR's Vitacress, Sovena, Lactogal, Vale da Rosa, Companhia das Lezírias and Valouro
Q3: What types of crops does Portugal produce?
A3: tomatoes, citrus, green vegetables, rice, corn, barley, olives, oilseeds, nuts, cherries, bilberry, table grapes, edible mushrooms
Q4: What types of livestock products does Portugal produce?
A4: dairy products, poultry and beef
Chihuahua_(state) (History)

Agriculture is a relatively small component of the state's economy and varies greatly due to the varying climate across the state. The state ranked first in Mexico for the production of the following crops: oats, chile verde, cotton, apples, pecans, and membrillo. The state has an important dairy industry with large milk processors throughout the state. Delicias is home to Alpura, the second-largest dairy company in Mexico. The state has a large logging industry ranking second in oak and third in pine in Mexico. The mining industry is a small but continues to produce large amounts of minerals. The state ranked first place in the country for the production of lead with 53,169 metric tons. Chihuahua ranked second in Mexico for zinc at 150,211 metric tons, silver at 580,271 kg, and gold at 15,221.8 kg.

Q1: Agriculture varies across the state because of the variation in what?
A1: climate
Q2: Which fruit does the state rank first in production?
A2: apples
Q3: The state produces lots of dairy which large processors of what dairy product?
A3: milk
Q4: The state ranks second in the production of what type of wood?
A4: oak
Q5: The state ranked second with over 150,000 metric tons of what metal?
A5: zinc
Flowering_plant (Natural sciences)

Agriculture is almost entirely dependent on angiosperms, which provide virtually all plant-based food, and also provide a significant amount of livestock feed. Of all the families of plants, the Poaceae, or grass family (grains), is by far the most important, providing the bulk of all feedstocks (rice, corn — maize, wheat, barley, rye, oats, pearl millet, sugar cane, sorghum). The Fabaceae, or legume family, comes in second place. Also of high importance are the Solanaceae, or nightshade family (potatoes, tomatoes, and peppers, among others), the Cucurbitaceae, or gourd family (also including pumpkins and melons), the Brassicaceae, or mustard plant family (including rapeseed and the innumerable varieties of the cabbage species Brassica oleracea), and the Apiaceae, or parsley family. Many of our fruits come from the Rutaceae, or rue family (including oranges, lemons, grapefruits, etc.), and the Rosaceae, or rose family (including apples, pears, cherries, apricots, plums, etc.).

Q1: On what is agriculture almost completely dependent?
A1: angiosperms
Q2: What family of plants is most important for human sustenance?
A2: Poaceae
Q3: What is the more common name of the Fabaceae?
A3: legume
Q4: What family do potatoes, tomatoes and peppers belong to?
A4: Solanaceae
Q5: What family would you find cherries in?
A5: Rosaceae
Central_African_Republic (Geography and places)

Agriculture is dominated by the cultivation and sale of food crops such as cassava, peanuts, maize, sorghum, millet, sesame, and plantain. The annual real GDP growth rate is just above 3%. The importance of food crops over exported cash crops is indicated by the fact that the total production of cassava, the staple food of most Central Africans, ranges between 200,000 and 300,000 tonnes a year, while the production of cotton, the principal exported cash crop, ranges from 25,000 to 45,000 tonnes a year. Food crops are not exported in large quantities, but still constitute the principal cash crops of the country, because Central Africans derive far more income from the periodic sale of surplus food crops than from exported cash crops such as cotton or coffee.[citation needed] Much of the country is self-sufficient in food crops; however, livestock development is hindered by the presence of the tsetse fly.[citation needed]

Q1: What type of agriculture is popular in the CAR?
A1: food crops
Q2: The economy grows at what rate in the last few years?
A2: 3%
Q3: How many tonnes of Cassave is produced per year?
A3: 200,000 and 300,000
Q4: What product is produced that is exported?
A4: cotton
Q5: Which insect hinders livestock development?
A5: tsetse fly
Botany (Natural sciences)

Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a soil rhizosphere bacterium, can attach to plant cells and infect them with a callus-inducing Ti plasmid by horizontal gene transfer, causing a callus infection called crown gall disease. Schell and Van Montagu (1977) hypothesised that the Ti plasmid could be a natural vector for introducing the Nif gene responsible for nitrogen fixation in the root nodules of legumes and other plant species. Today, genetic modification of the Ti plasmid is one of the main techniques for introduction of transgenes to plants and the creation of genetically modified crops.

Q1: How can a bacteria in the soil affect a plant?
A1: can attach to plant cells
Q2: How can scientists use bacteria in the study of plants?
A2: introducing the Nif gene
Q3: How are genes transferred to a plant by scientists?
A3: in the root nodules
Q4: What is this kind of introduction and transfer used for?
A4: creation of genetically modified crops
Q5: Who developed the procedures used in this transfer?
A5: Schell and Van Montagu
Kievan_Rus%27 (History)

Ahmad ibn Fadlan, an Arab traveler during the 10th century, provided one of the earliest written descriptions of the Rus': "They are as tall as a date palm, blond and ruddy, so that they do not need to wear a tunic nor a cloak; rather the men among them wear garments that only cover half of his body and leaves one of his hands free." Liutprand of Cremona, who was twice an envoy to the Byzantine court (949 and 968), identifies the "Russi" with the Norse ("the Russi, whom we call Norsemen by another name") but explains the name as a Greek term referring to their physical traits ("A certain people made up of a part of the Norse, whom the Greeks call [...] the Russi on account of their physical features, we designate as Norsemen because of the location of their origin."). Leo the Deacon, a 10th-century Byzantine historian and chronicler, refers to the Rus' as "Scythians" and notes that they tended to adopt Greek rituals and customs.

Q1: Which early traveler provided an early description of the Rus?
A1: Ahmad ibn Fadlan
Q2: What did Ahmad say about the Rus when he described clothing?
A2: garments that only cover half of his body
Q3: Which historian refered to the Rus as "Scythians"?
A3: Leo the Deacon
History_of_India (History)

Ahom Kingdom (1228–1826) was a kingdom and tribe which rose to prominence in present-day Assam early in the thirteenth century. They ruled much of Assam from the 13th century until the establishment of British rule in 1838. The Ahoms brought with them a tribal religion and a language of their own, however they later merged with the Hindu religion. From thirteenth till seventeenth century, repeated attempts were made by the Muslim rulers of Delhi to invade and subdue Ahoms, however the Ahoms managed to maintain their independence and ruled themselves for nearly 600 years.

Q1: What kingdom came to power in Assam?
A1: Ahom Kingdom
Q2: What was the span of time fro the Ahom Kingdom?
A2: 1228–1826
Q3: What event caused the end of Ahom rule in Assam?
A3: British rule
Q4: With what religion did the Ahom merge?
A4: Hindu
Q5: What group repeatedly tried and failed to conquer the Ahom?
A5: Muslim rulers of Delhi
United_States_Air_Force (Warfare)

Air Force officer promotions are governed by the Defense Officer Personnel Management Act of 1980 and its companion Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act (ROPMA) for officers in the Air Force Reserve and the Air National Guard. DOPMA also establishes limits on the number of officers that can serve at any given time in the Air Force. Currently, promotion from second lieutenant to first lieutenant is virtually guaranteed after two years of satisfactory service. The promotion from first lieutenant to captain is competitive after successfully completing another two years of service, with a selection rate varying between 99% and 100%. Promotion to major through major general is through a formal selection board process, while promotions to lieutenant general and general are contingent upon nomination to specific general officer positions and subject to U.S. Senate approval.

Q1: What are Air Force Officer promotions overseen by?
A1: Defense Officer Personnel Management Act of 1980
Q2: Was does ROPMA stand for in the USAF? 
A2: Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act
Q3: Who establishes limits on the amount of Air Force officers? 
A3: DOPMA
Q4: How long does it usually take to be promoted from second to first lieutenant in the USAF? 
A4: virtually guaranteed after two years
Q5: What promotion in the USAF is governed by a formal selection process?
A5: Promotion to major through major general
Anti-aircraft_warfare (Warfare)

Air defence in naval tactics, especially within a carrier group, is often built around a system of concentric layers with the aircraft carrier at the centre. The outer layer will usually be provided by the carrier's aircraft, specifically its AEW&C aircraft combined with the CAP. If an attacker is able to penetrate this layer, then the next layers would come from the surface-to-air missiles carried by the carrier's escorts; the area-defence missiles, such as the RIM-67 Standard, with a range of up to 100 nmi, and the point-defence missiles, like the RIM-162 ESSM, with a range of up to 30 nmi. Finally, virtually every modern warship will be fitted with small-calibre guns, including a CIWS, which is usually a radar-controlled Gatling gun of between 20mm and 30mm calibre capable of firing several thousand rounds per minute.

Q1: Air defence in such places as a carrier group are built around what?
A1: a system of concentric layers
Q2: What protects the outer layer?
A2: AEW&C aircraft combined with the CAP
Q3: The next layer's surface-to-air missiles are carried by what?
A3: the carrier's escorts
Q4: What is the range in nautical miles of the RIM-67 Standard?
A4: 100
Q5: What is the rate of fire for a radar-controlled Gatling gun of 20 and 30 millimeter?
A5: several thousand rounds per minute
Boston (Geography and places)

Air quality in Boston is generally very good: during the ten-year period 2004–2013, there were only 4 days in which the air was unhealthy for the general public, according to the EPA.

Q1: How is the air quality in Boston?
A1: generally very good
Q2: How many days between 2004 and 2013 was the air unhealthy?
A2: 4 days
Q3: Who determined that the air quality was unhealthy on those 4 days?
A3: the EPA