LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Tuvalu (Geography and places)

The traditional buildings of Tuvalu used plants and trees from the native broadleaf forest, including timber from: Pouka, (Hernandia peltata); Ngia or Ingia bush, (Pemphis acidula); Miro, (Thespesia populnea); Tonga, (Rhizophora mucronata); Fau or Fo fafini, or woman's fibre tree (Hibiscus tiliaceus). and fibre from: coconut; Ferra, native fig (Ficus aspem); Fala, screw pine or Pandanus. The buildings were constructed without nails and were lashed and tied together with a plaited sennit rope that was handmade from dried coconut fibre.

Q1: What were the traditional building materials on Tuvalu?
A1: plants and trees
Q2: What type of trees provided lumber for building on Tuvalu?
A2: broadleaf forest
Q3: What building material did coconut provide?
A3: fibre
Q4: What construction feature was lacking in Tuvaluan building?
A4: nails
Q5: From what was rope made for tying buildings together?
A5: dried coconut fibre
Thuringia (History)

The traditional energy supply of Thuringia is lignite, mined in the bordering Leipzig region. Since 2000, the importance of environmentally unfriendly lignite combustion has declined in favour of renewable energies, which reached an amount of 40% (in 2013), and more clean gas combustion, often carried out as Cogeneration in the municipal power stations. The most important forms of renewable energies are Wind power and Biomass, followed by Solar energy and Hydroelectricity. Furthermore, Thuringia hosts two big pumped storage stations: the Goldisthal Pumped Storage Station and the Hohenwarte Dam.

Q1: What is Thuringia's traditional energy supply?
A1: lignite
Q2: Where does Thuringia get it's lignite?
A2: mined in the bordering Leipzig region
Q3: How is most of Thuringia's clean gas consumption carried out?
A3: carried out as Cogeneration in the municipal power stations
Q4: What are Thuringia's most important renewable energy sources?
A4: Wind power and Biomass
Q5: What is Hohenwarte Dam?
A5: big pumped storage stations
Cyprus (Geography and places)

The traditional folk music of Cyprus has several common elements with Greek, Turkish, and Arabic music including Greco-Turkish dances such as the sousta, syrtos, zeibekikos, tatsia, and karsilamas as well as the Middle Eastern-inspired tsifteteli and arapies. There is also a form of musical poetry known as chattista which is often performed at traditional feasts and celebrations. The instruments commonly associated with Cyprus folk music are the bouzouki, oud ("outi"), violin ("fkiolin"), lute ("laouto"), accordion, Cyprus flute ("pithkiavlin") and percussion (including the "toumperleki"). Composers associated with traditional Cypriot music include Evagoras Karageorgis, Marios Tokas, Solon Michaelides and Savvas Salides. Among musicians is also the acclaimed pianist Cyprien Katsaris and composer and artistic director of the European Capital of Culture initiative Marios Joannou Elia.

Q1: Traditional Cyprus music has what other types of genres in common?
A1: Greek, Turkish, and Arabic
Q2: What are the names of the Greco-Turkish dances?
A2: sousta, syrtos, zeibekikos, tatsia, and karsilamas
Q3: What are the names of the Middle-Eastern inspired dances?
A3: tsifteteli and arapies
Q4: What is chattista?
A4: form of musical poetry
Q5: Where is chattista performed?
A5: traditional feasts and celebrations
Cubism (Art and architecture)

The traditional interpretation of "Cubism", formulated post facto as a means of understanding the works of Braque and Picasso, has affected our appreciation of other twentieth-century artists. It is difficult to apply to painters such as Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Robert Delaunay and Henri Le Fauconnier, whose fundamental differences from traditional Cubism compelled Kahnweiler to question their right to be called Cubists at all. According to Daniel Robbins, "To suggest that merely because these artists developed differently or varied from the traditional pattern they deserved to be relegated to a secondary or satellite role in Cubism is a profound mistake."

Q1: Understanding who's work was the tradition meaning of Cubism formed on?
A1: Braque and Picasso
Q2: Who suggested that the artists other than Braque and Picasso's relgation to a distant role in Cubism was a mistake?
A2: Daniel Robbins
Q3: What other painters were not thought of as being as Cubist as Braque and Picasso?
A3: Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Robert Delaunay and Henri Le Fauconnier
Charleston,_South_Carolina (Geography and places)

The traditional parish system persisted until the Reconstruction Era, when counties were imposed.[citation needed] Nevertheless, traditional parishes still exist in various capacities, mainly as public service districts. When the city of Charleston was formed, it was defined by the limits of the Parish of St. Philip and St. Michael, now also includes parts of St. James' Parish, St. George's Parish, St. Andrew's Parish, and St. John's Parish, although the last two are mostly still incorporated rural parishes.

Q1: What era brought counties to South Carolina?
A1: Reconstruction Era
Q2: Counties replaced what system in South Carolina?
A2: traditional parish system
Q3: What is the main use of the parish system nowadays?
A3: public service districts
Q4: The city of Charleston is defined by the limits of the Parish of St. Michael and what other parish?
A4: Parish of St. Philip
Q5: What other parish besides St. John's Parish is  mostly an incorporated rural parish? 
A5: St. Andrew's Parish
Chinese_characters (Language and literature)

The traditional picture of an orderly series of scripts, each one invented suddenly and then completely displacing the previous one, has been conclusively demonstrated to be fiction by the archaeological finds and scholarly research of the later 20th and early 21st centuries. Gradual evolution and the coexistence of two or more scripts was more often the case. As early as the Shang dynasty, oracle-bone script coexisted as a simplified form alongside the normal script of bamboo books (preserved in typical bronze inscriptions), as well as the extra-elaborate pictorial forms (often clan emblems) found on many bronzes.

Q1: What existed as early as the Shang dynasty?
A1: oracle-bone script
Q2: What did the oracle-bone script coexist alongside?
A2: bamboo books
Q3: What were preserved in typical bronze inscriptions?
A3: bamboo books
Strasbourg (Geography and places)

The tram system that now criss-crosses the historic city centre complements walking and biking in it. The centre has been transformed into a pedestrian priority zone that enables and invites walking and biking by making these active modes of transport comfortable, safe and enjoyable. These attributes are accomplished by applying the principle of "filtered permeability" to the existing irregular network of streets. It means that the network adaptations favour active transportation and, selectively, "filter out" the car by reducing the number of streets that run through the centre. While certain streets are discontinuous for cars, they connect to a network of pedestrian and bike paths which permeate the entire centre. In addition, these paths go through public squares and open spaces increasing the enjoyment of the trip. This logic of filtering a mode of transport is fully expressed in a comprehensive model for laying out neighbourhoods and districts – the Fused Grid.

Q1: What system also complements walking and biking? 
A1: tram
Q2: What kind of priority zone has the city centre been transformed into?
A2: pedestrian
Q3: What do bike paths go through to add enjoyment to the trip?
A3: public squares
Q4: What is the layout of the neighbourhoods called?
A4: Fused Grid
Gene (Natural sciences)

The transcribed pre-mRNA contains untranslated regions at both ends which contain a ribosome binding site, terminator and start and stop codons. In addition, most eukaryotic open reading frames contain untranslated introns which are removed before the exons are translated. The sequences at the ends of the introns, dictate the splice sites to generate the final mature mRNA which encodes the protein or RNA product.

Q1: What is at both ends of the transcribed pre-mRNA?
A1: untranslated regions
Q2: Where are the ribosome binding site, terminator and start and stop codons located on transcribed pre-mRNA?
A2: untranslated regions
Q3: What do most eukaryotic open reading frames contain?
A3: untranslated introns
Q4: What dictates the splice sites to generate the final mature mRNA?
A4: The sequences at the ends of the introns
Q5: What encodes the protein or RNA product?
A5: the splice sites to generate the final mature mRNA
Transistor (Engineering and technology)

The transistor is the fundamental building block of modern electronic devices, and is ubiquitous in modern electronic systems. First conceived by Julius Lilienfeld in 1926 and practically implemented in 1947 by American physicists John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley, the transistor revolutionized the field of electronics, and paved the way for smaller and cheaper radios, calculators, and computers, among other things. The transistor is on the list of IEEE milestones in electronics, and Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for their achievement.

Q1: When was the first transistor created?
A1: 1926
Q2: Who invented the first transistor?
A2: Julius Lilienfeld
Q3: When was the first transistor implemented for practical use?
A3: 1947
Q4: When did the implementers receive a Nobel Prize for making the transistor?
A4: 1956
Q5: What list is the transistor on?
A5: list of IEEE milestones in electronics
Hunter-gatherer (Natural sciences)

The transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture is not necessarily a one way process. It has been argued that hunting and gathering represents an adaptive strategy, which may still be exploited, if necessary, when environmental change causes extreme food stress for agriculturalists. In fact, it is sometimes difficult to draw a clear line between agricultural and hunter-gatherer societies, especially since the widespread adoption of agriculture and resulting cultural diffusion that has occurred in the last 10,000 years.[citation needed] This anthropological view has remained unchanged since the 1960s.[clarification needed][citation needed]

Q1: What is hunting and gathering argued to be?
A1: adaptive strategy
Q2: What situation can cause food stresses that make hunting-gathering necessary?
A2: environmental change
Q3: What change from hunting and gathering to agriculture is not easy to mark?
A3: transition
Q4: Besides the use of agriculture, what other factor clouds the issue of the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture?
A4: cultural diffusion
Q5: How long has this cultural diffusion been happening?
A5: last 10,000 years
Utrecht (History)

The transition from independence to a relatively minor part of a larger union was not easily accepted. To quell uprisings Charles V was struggling to exert his power over the citizens of the city, who had struggled to gain a certain level of independence from the bishops and were not willing to cede this to their new lord. The heavily fortified castle Vredenburg was built to house a large garrison whose main task was to maintain control over the city. The castle would last less than 50 years before it was demolished in an uprising in the early stages of the Dutch Revolt.

Q1: Why was the transition to a new union difficult 
A1: Charles V was struggling to exert his power over the citizens of the city, who had struggled to gain a certain level of independence from the bishops
Q2: What was the purpose of the castle 
A2: The heavily fortified castle Vredenburg was built to house a large garrison whose main task was to maintain control over the city
Q3: How long did the castle last 
A3: The castle would last less than 50 years before it was demolished in an uprising in the early stages of the Dutch Revolt
Mandolin (Music)

The transition from the mandolino to the mandolin began around 1744 with the designing of the metal-string mandolin by the Vinaccia family, 3 brass strings and one of gut, using friction tuning pegs on a fingerboard that sat "flush" with the sound table. The mandolin grew in popularity over the next 60 years, in the streets where it was used by young men courting and by street musicians, and in the concert hall. After the Napoleonic Wars of 1815, however, its popularity began to fall. The 19th century produced some prominent players, including Bartolomeo Bortolazzi of Venice and Pietro Vimercati. However, professional virtuosity was in decline, and the mandolin music changed as the mandolin became a folk instrument; "the large repertoire of notated instrumental music for the mandolino and the mandoline was completely forgotten". The export market for mandolins from Italy dried up around 1815, and when Carmine de Laurentiis wrote a mandolin method in 1874, the Music World magazine wrote that the mandolin was "out of date." Salvador Léonardi mentioned this decline in his 1921 book, Méthode pour Banjoline ou Mandoline-Banjo, saying that the mandolin had been declining in popularity from previous times.

Q1: What year was the beginning of the transition from mandolino to mandolin?
A1: 1744
Q2: Where did the mandolin grow in popularity? 
A2: in the streets where it was used by young men courting and by street musicians, and in the concert hall
Q3: When did the mandolin's popularity begin to fall?
A3: After the Napoleonic Wars of 1815, however, its popularity began to fall
Q4: Who were two of the promiment players in the 19th century?
A4: Bartolomeo Bortolazzi of Venice and Pietro Vimercati
Q5: What year did the export market for manodlins from Italy dry up?
A5: 1815
Translation (Language and literature)

The translator's role as a bridge for "carrying across" values between cultures has been discussed at least since Terence, the 2nd-century-BCE Roman adapter of Greek comedies. The translator's role is, however, by no means a passive, mechanical one, and so has also been compared to that of an artist. The main ground seems to be the concept of parallel creation found in critics such as Cicero. Dryden observed that "Translation is a type of drawing after life..." Comparison of the translator with a musician or actor goes back at least to Samuel Johnson’s remark about Alexander Pope playing Homer on a flageolet, while Homer himself used a bassoon.

Q1: How long has a translator's part in bridging values between cultures been discussed?
A1: at least since Terence
Q2: What did Terence adapt from the Greek's?
A2: comedies
Q3: A translator's role is less like a robot and more like a what?
A3: artist
Q4: Where was the concept of parallel creation found?
A4: Cicero
Q5: Who remarked about Alexander Pope playing Homer on a flageolet?
A5: Samuel Johnson
Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact (History)

The treaty was published in the United States for the first time by the St. Louis Post-Dispatch on May 22, 1946, in Britain by the Manchester Guardian. It was also part of an official State Department publication, Nazi–Soviet Relations 1939–1941, edited by Raymond J. Sontag and James S. Beddie in January 1948. The decision to publish the key documents on German–Soviet relations, including the treaty and protocol, had been taken already in spring 1947. Sontag and Beddie prepared the collection throughout the summer of 1947. In November 1947, President Truman personally approved the publication but it was held back in view of the Foreign Ministers Conference in London scheduled for December. Since negotiations at that conference did not prove constructive from an American point of view, the document edition was sent to press. The documents made headlines worldwide. State Department officials counted it as a success: "The Soviet Government was caught flat-footed in what was the first effective blow from our side in a clear-cut propaganda war."

Q1: Who printed the secret German-Soviet treaty in Britain?
A1: the Manchester Guardian
Q2: Which world leader favored the publication of Nazi-Soviet Relations to be printed?
A2: President Truman
Q3: What was the description of the Soviet government in the world press in regards to the treaty and subsequent breaking of the treaty by germany?
A3: flat-footed
Q4: Where was the Foreign Ministers conference held?
A4: London
Q5: Who put the Nazi-Soviet Relations publication together?
A5: Raymond J. Sontag and James S. Beddie
Hellenistic_period (History)

The trends of Hellenization were therefore accompanied by Greeks adopting native ways over time, but this was widely varied by place and by social class. The farther away from the Mediterranean and the lower in social status, the more likely that a colonist was to adopt local ways, while the Greco-Macedonian elites and Royal families, usually remained thoroughly Greek and viewed most non-Greeks with disdain. It is only until Cleopatra VII, that a Ptolemaic ruler bothered to learn the Egyptian language of their subjects.

Q1: A colonist far from the Mediterranean and low in social rank would be more likely to do what?
A1: adopt local ways
Q2: Greco-Macedonian elites remained commited to what culture?
A2: Greek
Q3: Who did Greeks look down upon?
A3: non-Greeks
Q4: Who was the first Ptolemaic ruler to learn the Egyptian language?
A4: Cleopatra VII
New_York_City (Geography and places)

The trial in Manhattan of John Peter Zenger in 1735 helped to establish the freedom of the press in North America. In 1754, Columbia University was founded under charter by King George II as King's College in Lower Manhattan. The Stamp Act Congress met in New York in October 1765 as the Sons of Liberty organized in the city, skirmishing over the next ten years with British troops stationed there.

Q1: In what year was John Peter Zenger tried?
A1: 1735
Q2: On what island did Zenger's trial occur?
A2: Manhattan
Q3: In what year was Columbia University chartered?
A3: 1754
Q4: Under what king did the founding of Columbia University occur?
A4: George II
Q5: What was the original name of Columbia University?
A5: King's College
Q6: Which trial in Manhatten helped establish the right of freedom of the press?
A6: John Peter Zenger
Q7: Columbia University of New York was founded in what year?
A7: 1754
Q8: The Stamp Act Congress had a meeting in 1765 in which US city?
A8: New York
Szlachta (History)

The tribes were ruled by clans (ród) consisting of people related by blood or marriage and theoretically descending from a common ancestor, giving the ród/clan a highly developed sense of solidarity. (See gens.) The starosta (or starszyna) had judicial and military power over the ród/clan, although this power was often exercised with an assembly of elders. Strongholds called grόd were built where the religious cult was powerful, where trials were conducted, and where clans gathered in the face of danger. The opole was the territory occupied by a single tribe. (Manteuffel 1982, p. 44)

Q1: What ruled over the tribes?
A1: clans (ród)
Q2: What did the clans people all have in common?
A2: theoretically descending from a common ancestor
Q3: What gave them a sense of solidarity? 
A3: related by blood or marriage
Q4: What were stronghold called?
A4: grόd
Q5: What was the territory occupied by a single tribe?
A5: opole
Space_Race (History)

The trip to the Moon took just over three days. After achieving orbit, Armstrong and Aldrin transferred into the Lunar Module, named Eagle, and after a landing gear inspection by Collins remaining in the Command/Service Module Columbia, began their descent. After overcoming several computer overload alarms caused by an antenna switch left in the wrong position, and a slight downrange error, Armstrong took over manual flight control at about 180 meters (590 ft), and guided the Lunar Module to a safe landing spot at 20:18:04 UTC, July 20, 1969 (3:17:04 pm CDT). The first humans on the Moon would wait another six hours before they ventured out of their craft. At 02:56 UTC, July 21 (9:56 pm CDT July 20), Armstrong became the first human to set foot on the Moon.

Q1: How long did the trip to the Moon last for the crew of the Apollo 11?
A1: three days
Q2: The Lunar Module of the Apollo 11 was named after what animal?
A2: Eagle
Q3: Who was the first human to take a step on the Moon?
A3: Armstrong
Q4: At what time on Earth did Armstrong first step onto the Moon?
A4: 9:56 pm CDT July 20
George_VI (History)

The trip was intended to soften the strong isolationist tendencies among the North American public with regard to the developing tensions in Europe. Although the aim of the tour was mainly political, to shore up Atlantic support for the United Kingdom in any future war, the King and Queen were enthusiastically received by the public. The fear that George would be compared unfavourably to his predecessor, Edward VIII, was dispelled. They visited the 1939 New York World's Fair and stayed with President Franklin D. Roosevelt at the White House and at his private estate at Hyde Park, New York. A strong bond of friendship was forged between the King and Queen and the President during the tour, which had major significance in the relations between the United States and the United Kingdom through the ensuing war years.

Q1: What kind of tendencies did North America have?
A1: isolationist tendencies
Q2: Who was George's predecessor?
A2: Edward VIII
Q3: Who was the President of the United States in 1939?
A3: President Franklin D. Roosevelt
Q4: Which fair was happening in New York in 1939?
A4: 1939 New York World's Fair
Seven_Years%27_War (History)

The troops were reembarked and moved to the Bay of St. Lunaire in Brittany where, on 3 September, they were landed to operate against St. Malo; however, this action proved impractical. Worsening weather forced the two armies to separate: the ships sailed for the safer anchorage of St. Cast, while the army proceeded overland. The tardiness of Bligh in moving his forces allowed a French force of 10,000 from Brest to catch up with him and open fire on the reembarkation troops. A rear-guard of 1,400 under General Dury held off the French while the rest of the army embarked. They could not be saved; 750, including Dury, were killed and the rest captured.

Q1: What stopped the planned siege at St. Malo?
A1: Worsening weather
Q2: How did the fleet respond to the bad weather?
A2: the ships sailed for the safer anchorage of St. Cast
Q3: How did the army get to the new anchorage location?
A3: the army proceeded overland.
Q4: What happened to the British army?
A4: a French force of 10,000 from Brest to catch up with him and open fire on the reembarkation troops
Q5: How did the British army escape
A5: A rear-guard of 1,400 under General Dury held off the French while the rest of the army embarked
FA_Cup (Sports and recreation)

The trophy comes in three parts - the cup itself, plus a lid and a base. There have been two designs of trophy in use, but five physical trophies have been presented. The original trophy, known as the "little tin idol", was 18 inches high and made by Martin, Hall & Co. It was stolen in 1895 and never recovered, and so was replaced by an exact replica, used until 1910. The FA decided to change the design after the 1909 winners, Manchester United, made their own replica, leading the FA to realise they did not own the copyright. This new, larger design was by Messers Fattorini and Sons, and was used from 1911. In order to preserve this original, from 1992 it was replaced by an exact replica, although this had to be replaced after just over two decades, after showing wear and tear from being handled more than in previous eras. This third replica, first used in 2014, was built heavier to withstand the increased handling. Of the four surviving trophies, only the 1895 replica has entered private ownership.

Q1: How many parts does the trophy come in? 
A1: The trophy comes in three parts
Q2: What is the  parts of the trophy? 
A2: - the cup itself, plus a lid and a base
Q3: How many trophy designs have there bee? 
A3: There have been two designs of trophy in use
Q4: How many physical trophies have been presented? 
A4: five physical trophies have been presented
Q5: When was the first design changed? 
A5: . The FA decided to change the design after the 1909 winners, Manchester United, made their own replica,