LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

At the end of November, Chopin returned to Paris. He passed the winter in unremitting illness, but gave occasional lessons and was visited by friends, including Delacroix and Franchomme. Occasionally he played, or accompanied the singing of Delfina Potocka, for his friends. During the summer of 1849, his friends found him an apartment in Chaillot, out of the centre of the city, for which the rent was secretly subsidised by an admirer, Princess Obreskoff. Here in June 1849 he was visited by Jenny Lind.

Q1: Who did Chopin play for while she sang?
A1: Delfina Potocka
Q2: In 1849 where did Chopin live?
A2: Chaillot
Q3: Who was anonymously paying for Chopin's apartment?
A3: Princess Obreskoff
Q4: When did Chopin return to Paris?
A4: November
Q5: Chopin accompanied which singer for friends?
A5: Delfina Potocka
Q6: Where did his friends found Chopin an apartment in 1849?
A6: Chaillot
Q7: Who paid for Chopin's apartment in Chaillot?
A7: Princess Obreskoff.
Q8: When did Jenny Lind visit Chopin?
A8: June 1849
Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic (History)

At the end of World War II Soviet troops occupied southern Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands, making them part of the RSFSR. The status of the southernmost Kurils remains in dispute with Japan.

Q1: Along with Sakhalin Island, what islands were occupied by the Soviets after the Second World War?
A1: Kuril Islands
Q2: What administrative division did Sakhalin Island become a part of?
A2: the RSFSR
Q3: The ownership of what islands are disputed with Japan?
A3: the southernmost Kurils
Gothic_architecture (Art and architecture)

At the end of the 12th century, Europe was divided into a multitude of city states and kingdoms. The area encompassing modern Germany, southern Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Austria, Slovakia, Czech Republic and much of northern Italy (excluding Venice and Papal State) was nominally part of the Holy Roman Empire, but local rulers exercised considerable autonomy. France, Denmark, Poland, Hungary, Portugal, Scotland, Castile, Aragon, Navarre, Sicily and Cyprus were independent kingdoms, as was the Angevin Empire, whose Plantagenet kings ruled England and large domains in what was to become modern France. Norway came under the influence of England, while the other Scandinavian countries and Poland were influenced by trading contacts with the Hanseatic League. Angevin kings brought the Gothic tradition from France to Southern Italy, while Lusignan kings introduced French Gothic architecture to Cyprus.

Q1: At the end of what century was Europe separated into several city states and kingdoms?
A1: the end of the 12th century
Q2: What was the region covering modern Germany, southern Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Austria, Slovakia, Czech Republic and much of northern Italy known as?
A2: the Holy Roman Empire
Q3: What modern country contains regions in which Plantagenet kings controlled large domains?
A3: modern France
Q4: Poland was affected by trade connections with what League?
A4: the Hanseatic League
Q5: What type of kings brought the Gothic style from France to Southern Italy?
A5: Angevin kings
Late_Middle_Ages (History)

At the end of the 15th century the Ottoman Empire advanced all over Southeastern Europe, eventually conquering the Byzantine Empire and extending control over the Balkan states. Hungary was the last bastion of the Latin Christian world in the East, and fought to keep its rule over a period of two centuries. After the tragic death of the young king Vladislaus I of Hungary during the Battle of Varna in 1444 against the Ottomans, the Kingdom was placed in the hands of count John Hunyadi, who became Hungary's regent-governor (1446–1453). Hunyadi was considered one of the most relevant military figures of the 15th century: Pope Pius II awarded him the title of Athleta Christi or Champion of Christ for being the only hope of resisting the Ottomans from advancing to Central and Western Europe.

Q1: Which empire completed its conquest of the Byzantines at the end of the 15th century?
A1: Ottoman
Q2: In what year did the Battle of Varna take place?
A2: 1444
Q3: Which Hungarian ruler was killed at the Battle of Varna?
A3: Vladislaus I
Q4: Who was appointed regent-governor of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1446?
A4: count John Hunyadi
Q5: Who gave the title of Champion of Christ to John Hyundai?
A5: Pope Pius II
British_Empire (History)

At the end of the 16th century, England and the Netherlands began to challenge Portugal's monopoly of trade with Asia, forming private joint-stock companies to finance the voyages—the English, later British, East India Company and the Dutch East India Company, chartered in 1600 and 1602 respectively. The primary aim of these companies was to tap into the lucrative spice trade, an effort focused mainly on two regions; the East Indies archipelago, and an important hub in the trade network, India. There, they competed for trade supremacy with Portugal and with each other. Although England ultimately eclipsed the Netherlands as a colonial power, in the short term the Netherlands' more advanced financial system and the three Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th century left it with a stronger position in Asia. Hostilities ceased after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 when the Dutch William of Orange ascended the English throne, bringing peace between the Netherlands and England. A deal between the two nations left the spice trade of the East Indies archipelago to the Netherlands and the textiles industry of India to England, but textiles soon overtook spices in terms of profitability, and by 1720, in terms of sales, the British company had overtaken the Dutch.

Q1: When was the British East India Company chartered?
A1: 1600
Q2: When was the Dutch East India Company chartered?
A2: 1602
Q3: When had the British East India Company overtaken the Dutch East India Company in sales?
A3: 1720
Q4: How many Anglo-Dutch Wars were there in the 17th century?
A4: three
Q5: The Dutch East India Company focused on trade in which industry?
A5: spice
Eritrea (Natural sciences)

At the end of the 16th century, the Aussa Sultanate was established in the Denkel lowlands of Eritrea. The polity had come into existence in 1577, when Muhammed Jasa moved his capital from Harar to Aussa (Asaita) with the split of the Adal Sultanate into Aussa and the Sultanate of Harar. At some point after 1672, Aussa declined in conjunction with Imam Umar Din bin Adam's recorded ascension to the throne. In 1734, the Afar leader Kedafu, head of the Mudaito clan, seized power and established the Mudaito Dynasty. This marked the start of a new and more sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period.

Q1: When was the Aussa Sultanate established?
A1: end of the 16th century
Q2: Where was the Aussa Sultanate established?
A2: Denkel lowlands of Eritrea
Q3: Who was the leader of Afar in 1734?
A3: Kedafu, head of the Mudaito clan
Q4: What did Kedafu establish in 1734?
A4: Mudaito Dynasty
Q5: What marked the start of a new and sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period?
A5: Mudaito Dynasty
Estonia (Geography and places)

At the end of the 1980s, Estonians perceived their demographic change as a national catastrophe. This was a result of the migration policies essential to the Soviet Nationalisation Programme aiming to russify Estonia – administrative and military immigration of non-Estonians from the USSR coupled with the deportation of Estonians to the USSR. In the decade following the reconstitution of independence, large-scale emigration by ethnic Russians and the removal of the Russian military bases in 1994 caused the proportion of ethnic Estonians in Estonia to increase from 61% to 69% in 2006.

Q1: How did Estonians view the demographic change of less ethnic Estonians?
A1: a national catastrophe
Q2: What Russian institutions were removed in the decade following Estonia's reclaim of independence?
A2: Russian military bases
Q3: What percentage of Estonians were ethnic in 2006?
A3: 69%
Israel (History)

At the end of the 1990s, Israel, under the leadership of Benjamin Netanyahu, withdrew from Hebron, and signed the Wye River Memorandum, giving greater control to the Palestinian National Authority. Ehud Barak, elected Prime Minister in 1999, began the new millennium by withdrawing forces from Southern Lebanon and conducting negotiations with Palestinian Authority Chairman Yasser Arafat and U.S. President Bill Clinton at the 2000 Camp David Summit. During the summit, Barak offered a plan for the establishment of a Palestinian state. The proposed state included the entirety of the Gaza Strip and over 90% of the West Bank with Jerusalem as a shared capital, although some argue that the plan was to annex areas which would lead to a cantonization of the West Bank into three blocs, which the Palestinian delegation likened to South African "bantustans", a loaded word that was disputed by the Israeli and American negotiators. Each side blamed the other for the failure of the talks.

Q1: Who led Israel in the 1990s?
A1: Benjamin Netanyahu
Q2: What did Benjamin Netanyahu sign?
A2: Wye River Memorandum
Q3: Who was elected Prime Minister in 1999?
A3: Ehud Barak
Greece (Geography and places)

At the end of the Balkan Wars, the extent of Greece's territory and population had increased. In the following years, the struggle between King Constantine I and charismatic Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos over the country's foreign policy on the eve of World War I dominated the country's political scene, and divided the country into two opposing groups. During parts of the First World War, Greece had two governments; a royalist pro-German government in Athens and a Venizelist pro-Britain one in Thessaloniki. The two governments were united in 1917, when Greece officially entered the war on the side of the Triple Entente.

Q1: What divided Greece into two political groups?
A1: the country's foreign policy
Q2: How many governments did Greece have in World War 1?
A2: two
Q3: When Greece entered World War I, on whose side did they fight?
A3: the Triple Entente
Q4: Greece's multiple governments came together in what year?
A4: 1917
Late_Middle_Ages (History)

At the end of the Late Middle Ages, professional actors began to appear in England and Europe. Richard III and Henry VII both maintained small companies of professional actors. Their plays were performed in the Great Hall of a nobleman's residence, often with a raised platform at one end for the audience and a "screen" at the other for the actors. Also important were Mummers' plays, performed during the Christmas season, and court masques. These masques were especially popular during the reign of Henry VIII who had a House of Revels built and an Office of Revels established in 1545.

Q1: Which Late Middle Age English kings kept their own troupes of professional actors?
A1: Richard III and Henry VII
Q2: Who performed the seasonal Christmas plays?
A2: Mummers
Q3: In what year did Henry VIII establish an Office of Revels?
A3: 1545
Q4: What did Henry VIII build in 1545 for the benefit of the theatrical arts?
A4: House of Revels
Q5: In what part of a nobleman's house were plays performed?
A5: the Great Hall
History_of_India (History)

At the end of the Rigvedic period, the Aryan society began to expand from the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent, into the western Ganges plain. It became increasingly agricultural and was socially organised around the hierarchy of the four varnas, or social classes. This social structure was characterized both by syncretising with the native cultures of northern India, but also eventually by the excluding of indigenous peoples by labelling their occupations impure. During this period, many of the previous small tribal units and chiefdoms began to coalesce into monarchical, state-level polities.

Q1: When did the Aryan culture begin its expansion?
A1: Rigvedic period
Q2: Into what area did the Aryan culture expand?
A2: western Ganges plain
Q3: What were the Aryan social classes called?
A3: varnas
Q4: What did the Aryans label as impure in the indigenous peoples in order to exclude them from certain social classes?
A4: occupations
Q5: What groupings formed up into larger monarchical groups?
A5: small tribal units
New_York_City (Geography and places)

At the end of the Second Anglo-Dutch War, the English gained New Amsterdam (New York) in North America in exchange for Dutch control of Run, an Indonesian island. Several intertribal wars among the Native Americans and some epidemics brought on by contact with the Europeans caused sizable population losses for the Lenape between the years 1660 and 1670. By 1700, the Lenape population had diminished to 200.

Q1: After what war did the English receive New Amsterdam?
A1: Second Anglo-Dutch War
Q2: How many Lenape lived in the area in 1700?
A2: 200
Q3: What was the name of the island the English traded to the Dutch in return for New Amsterdam?
A3: Run
Q4: In 1700, the Lenape Native American population had dwindled to how many?
A4: 200
Q5: After which war did England gain New York in exchange for Run, an Indonesian island?
A5: Second Anglo-Dutch War
Canadian_Armed_Forces (Warfare)

At the end of the Second World War, Canada possessed the fourth-largest air force and fifth-largest naval surface fleet in the world, as well as the largest volunteer army ever fielded. Conscription for overseas service was introduced only near the end of the war, and only 2,400 conscripts actually made it into battle. Originally, Canada was thought to have had the third-largest navy in the world, but with the fall of the Soviet Union, new data based on Japanese and Soviet sources found that to be incorrect.

Q1: Canada had which biggest army during the Second World War?
A1: the largest volunteer army ever
Q2: What country fell providing with more information on Canada's army size?
A2: the Soviet Union
Q3: Which other country had a sizable naval army?
A3: Japanese
Tucson,_Arizona (Geography and places)

At the end of the first decade of the 21st century, downtown Tucson underwent a revitalization effort by city planners and the business community. The primary project was Rio Nuevo, a large retail and community center that has been stalled in planning for more than ten years. Downtown is generally regarded as the area bordered by 17th Street to the south, I-10 to the west, and 6th Street to the north, and Toole Avenue and the Union Pacific (formerly Southern Pacific) railroad tracks, site of the historic train depot and "Locomotive #1673", built in 1900. Downtown is divided into the Presidio District, the Barrio Viejo, and the Congress Street Arts and Entertainment District. Some authorities include the 4th Avenue shopping district, which is set just northeast of the rest of downtown and connected by an underpass beneath the UPRR tracks.

Q1: What was the Union Pacific once known as?
A1: Southern Pacific
Q2: What year was Locomotive #1673 made in?
A2: 1900
Q3: What was the name of the retail and community center that took longer than a decade to build?
A3: Rio Nuevo
Q4: When did a revitalization of downtown Tucson begin?
A4: At the end of the first decade of the 21st century
Q5: What is Rio Nuevo?
A5: a large retail and community center
Q6: What is the southern edge of Tucson's downtown?
A6: 17th Street
Q7: What is the western edge of Tucson's downtown?
A7: I-10
Q8: What is the northern edge of Tucson's downtown?
A8: 6th Street
British_Isles (Geography and places)

At the end of the last ice age, what are now the British Isles were joined to the European mainland as a mass of land extending north west from the modern-day northern coastline of France, Belgium and the Netherlands. Ice covered almost all of what is now Scotland, most of Ireland and Wales, and the hills of northern England. From 14,000 to 10,000 years ago, as the ice melted, sea levels rose separating Ireland from Great Britain and also creating the Isle of Man. About two to four millennia later, Great Britain became separated from the mainland. Britain probably became repopulated with people before the ice age ended and certainly before it became separated from the mainland. It is likely that Ireland became settled by sea after it had already become an island.

Q1: What mainland was the British Isles once connected to?
A1: European mainland
Q2: What happened to British Isles area when the ice melted after the last ice age?
A2: sea levels rose
Q3: When sea levels rose what occured in the British Isles area?
A3: separating Ireland from Great Britain
Q4: When did the British Isles area become separated from the European continent?
A4: two to four millennia
Q5: Did Britain become populated with people again before or after the ice came to an end?
A5: before the ice age ended
Florida (Geography and places)

At the end of the third quarter in 2008, Florida had the highest mortgage delinquency rate in the country, with 7.8% of mortgages delinquent at least 60 days. A 2009 list of national housing markets that were hard hit in the real estate crash included a disproportionate number in Florida. The early 21st-century building boom left Florida with 300,000 vacant homes in 2009, according to state figures. In 2009, the US Census Bureau estimated that Floridians spent an average 49.1% of personal income on housing-related costs, the third highest percentage in the country.

Q1: What was the mortgage delinquency rate in 2008 
A1: Florida had the highest mortgage delinquency rate in the country, with 7.8% of mortgages delinquent at least 60 days
Q2: How many vacant homes in Florida in 2009 
A2: 300,000 vacant homes in 2009
Q3: What percentage of  personal income was spent of Housing in florida  
A3: Floridians spent an average 49.1% of personal income on housing-related costs
Q4: Where did housing spending ranking nationally 
A4: the third highest percentage in the country
Armenia (History)

At the end of the war, the victorious powers sought to divide up the Ottoman Empire. Signed between the Allied and Associated Powers and Ottoman Empire at Sèvres on 10 August 1920, the Treaty of Sèvres promised to maintain the existence of the Armenian republic and to attach the former territories of Ottoman Armenia to it. Because the new borders of Armenia were to be drawn by United States President Woodrow Wilson, Ottoman Armenia was also referred to as "Wilsonian Armenia." In addition, just days prior, on 5 August 1920, Mihran Damadian of the Armenian National Union, the de facto Armenian administration in Cilicia, declared the independence of Cilicia as an Armenian autonomous republic under French protectorate.

Q1: When was the Treaty of Sevres signed?
A1: 10 August 1920
Q2: What is another name for Ottoman Armenia?
A2: Wilsonian Armenia
Q3: Which US president specified the new Armenian borders?
A3: President Woodrow Wilson
Q4: When did Cilicia declare independence?
A4: 5 August 1920
Q5: Who signed the Treaty of Sevres?
A5: Allied and Associated Powers and Ottoman Empire
Neoclassical_architecture (Art and architecture)

At the forefront of the new school of design was the aristocratic "architect earl", Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington; in 1729, he and William Kent, designed Chiswick House. This House was a reinterpretation of Palladio's Villa Capra, but purified of 16th century elements and ornament. This severe lack of ornamentation was to be a feature of the Palladianism. In 1734 William Kent and Lord Burlington designed one of England's finest examples of Palladian architecture with Holkham Hall in Norfolk. The main block of this house followed Palladio's dictates quite closely, but Palladio's low, often detached, wings of farm buildings were elevated in significance.

Q1: Who was the "architect earl"?
A1: Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington
Q2: When was Chiswick House designed?
A2: 1729
Q3: What was the original building that Chiswick House design was reinterpretation?
A3: Palladio's Villa Capra
Q4: What is 1734 design is considered one of the finest example of Palladian architecture in England, built in Norfolk?
A4: Holkham Hall
Order_of_the_British_Empire (History)

At the foundation of the Order, the "Medal of the Order of the British Empire" was instituted, to serve as a lower award granting recipients affiliation but not membership. In 1922, this was renamed the "British Empire Medal". It stopped being awarded by the United Kingdom as part of the 1993 reforms to the honours system, but was again awarded beginning in 2012, starting with 293 BEMs awarded for the Queen's Diamond Jubilee. In addition, the BEM is awarded by the Cook Islands and by some other Commonwealth nations. In 2004, a report entitled "A Matter of Honour: Reforming Our Honours System" by a Commons committee recommended to phase out the Order of the British Empire, as its title was "now considered to be unacceptable, being thought to embody values that are no longer shared by many of the country’s population".

Q1: What was instituted to serve as a lower award granting recipients affiliation?
A1: Medal of the Order of the British Empire
Q2: In what year was the Medal of the Order of the British Empire established?
A2: 1922
Q3: What was the medal renamed as?
A3: British Empire Medal
Q4: When was it stopped being rewarded?
A4: 1993
Q5: How many BEM's were awarded for the Queen's Diamond Jubilee?
A5: 293
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

At the funeral of the tenor Adolphe Nourrit in Paris in 1839, Chopin made a rare appearance at the organ, playing a transcription of Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne. On 26 July 1840 Chopin and Sand were present at the dress rehearsal of Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale, composed to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the July Revolution. Chopin was reportedly unimpressed with the composition.

Q1: What event were Chopin and Sand at on 26 July 1840?
A1: Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale
Q2: What anniversary was the July Revolution that Sand and Chopin were present at a dress rehearsal for?
A2: tenth
Q3: At whose funeral did Chopin play in 1839?
A3: Adolphe Nourrit
Q4: What instrument did Chopin play at  Adolphe Nourrit's funeral?
A4: organ
Q5: What piece did Chopin play at  Adolphe Nourrit's funeral?
A5: Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne
Q6: Chopin attended the funeral of who in 1839?
A6: Adolphe Nourrit
Q7: What did Chopin play at the funeral?
A7: Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne.
Q8: What was the dress rehearsal for?
A8: Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale
Q9: It was in commemoration of the tenth anniversary of what?
A9: the July Revolution.
Printed_circuit_board (Engineering and technology)

At the glass transition temperature the resin in the composite softens and significantly increases thermal expansion; exceeding Tg then exerts mechanical overload on the board components - e.g. the joints and the vias. Below Tg the thermal expansion of the resin roughly matches copper and glass, above it gets significantly higher. As the reinforcement and copper confine the board along the plane, virtually all volume expansion projects to the thickness and stresses the plated-through holes. Repeated soldering or other exposition to higher temperatures can cause failure of the plating, especially with thicker boards; thick boards therefore require high Tg matrix.

Q1: What's the temperature at which resin softens and expands called?
A1: glass transition temperature
Q2: Along with vias, what makes up the components of a board?
A2: joints
Q3: What will happen to the components when the temperature of resin goes above that of glass transition?
A3: mechanical overload
Q4: When resin stays below Tg, its thermal expansion is similar to that of copper and what other material?
A4: glass
Q5: What do thick boards require to resist plating failure?
A5: high Tg matrix