LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Poultry (Natural sciences)

Clay models of ducks found in China dating back to 4000 BC may indicate the domestication of ducks took place there during the Yangshao culture. Even if this is not the case, domestication of the duck took place in the Far East at least 1500 years earlier than in the West. Lucius Columella, writing in the first century BC, advised those who sought to rear ducks to collect wildfowl eggs and put them under a broody hen, because when raised in this way, the ducks "lay aside their wild nature and without hesitation breed when shut up in the bird pen". Despite this, ducks did not appear in agricultural texts in Western Europe until about 810 AD, when they began to be mentioned alongside geese, chickens, and peafowl as being used for rental payments made by tenants to landowners.

Q1: How long have ducks possibly been in domesticated domicile with humans?
A1: Clay models of ducks found in China dating back to 4000 BC may indicate the domestication of ducks took place there during the Yangshao culture
Q2: How far behind the east society was the western culture in domesticating ducks?
A2: domestication of the duck took place in the Far East at least 1500 years earlier than in the West
Q3: How did Lucius Columella recommend that one go abbout the business of domesticating ducks.?
A3: collect wildfowl eggs and put them under a broody hen,
Q4: When did ducks begin to appear in the books of Western Europeon Society ?
A4: ducks did not appear in agricultural texts in Western Europe until about 810 AD
Q5: Where ducks ever used as a type of commerence in the world?
A5: mentioned alongside geese, chickens, and peafowl as being used for rental payments made by tenants to landowners.
Computer_security (Engineering and technology)

Clickjacking, also known as "UI redress attack or User Interface redress attack", is a malicious technique in which an attacker tricks a user into clicking on a button or link on another webpage while the user intended to click on the top level page. This is done using multiple transparent or opaque layers. The attacker is basically "hijacking" the clicks meant for the top level page and routing them to some other irrelevant page, most likely owned by someone else. A similar technique can be used to hijack keystrokes. Carefully drafting a combination of stylesheets, iframes, buttons and text boxes, a user can be led into believing that they are typing the password or other information on some authentic webpage while it is being channeled into an invisible frame controlled by the attacker.

Q1: UI redress attack or User Interface redress attack is also known as what?
A1: Clickjacking
Q2: What is a malicious technique in which an attacker tricks the user into clicking on a button or link?
A2: Clickjacking
Q3: Where are the clicks meant for the top level page routed?
A3: some other irrelevant page
Q4: Where would a password typed on a seemingly authetic webpage be directed?
A4: into an invisible frame controlled by the attacker
Q5: How istricking the user accomplished in clickjacking?
A5: using multiple transparent or opaque layers
Immunology (Natural sciences)

Clinical immunology is the study of diseases caused by disorders of the immune system (failure, aberrant action, and malignant growth of the cellular elements of the system). It also involves diseases of other systems, where immune reactions play a part in the pathology and clinical features.

Q1: The study of diseases caused by immune system disorders is called?
A1: Clinical immunology
Q2: What are three problems of the immune system studied by clinical immunology?
A2: failure, aberrant action, and malignant growth
Q3: Where can these three elements occur in the immune system?
A3: cellular elements
Q4: What else does clinical immunology concern itself with?
A4: diseases of other systems
Q5: Why does clinical immunology extend to those areas?
A5: immune reactions play a part in the pathology and clinical features
Charleston,_South_Carolina (Geography and places)

Clinton returned in 1780 with 14,000 soldiers. American General Benjamin Lincoln was trapped and surrendered his entire 5,400-man force after a long fight, and the Siege of Charles Towne was the greatest American defeat of the war. Several Americans who escaped the carnage joined other militias, including those of Francis Marion, the "Swamp Fox"; and Andrew Pickens. The British retained control of the city until December 1782. After the British left, the city's name was officially changed to Charleston in 1783.

Q1: What was the greatest American defeat of the American Revolution?
A1: Siege of Charles Towne
Q2: How many soldiers did General Clinton return with?
A2: 14,000
Q3: In what year did General Clinton return to Charles Towne?
A3: 1780
Q4: Who was the leader of the American forces defending Charles Towne?
A4: General Benjamin Lincoln
Q5: How many soldiers did General Lincoln lead?
A5: 5,400
Daylight_saving_time (Engineering and technology)

Clock shifts are usually scheduled near a weekend midnight to lessen disruption to weekday schedules. A one-hour shift is customary, but Australia's Lord Howe Island uses a half-hour shift. Twenty-minute and two-hour shifts have been used in the past.

Q1: During what part of the week is the time change most often scheduled?
A1: weekend
Q2: What do we avoid disrupting by doing the time shift during days most people don't work?
A2: weekday schedules
Daylight_saving_time (Engineering and technology)

Clock shifts were found to increase the risk of heart attack by 10 percent, and to disrupt sleep and reduce its efficiency. Effects on seasonal adaptation of the circadian rhythm can be severe and last for weeks. A 2008 study found that although male suicide rates rise in the weeks after the spring transition, the relationship weakened greatly after adjusting for season. A 2008 Swedish study found that heart attacks were significantly more common the first three weekdays after the spring transition, and significantly less common the first weekday after the autumn transition. The government of Kazakhstan cited health complications due to clock shifts as a reason for abolishing DST in 2005. In March 2011, Dmitri Medvedev, president of Russia, claimed that "stress of changing clocks" was the motivation for Russia to stay in DST all year long. Officials at the time talked about an annual increase in suicides.

Q1: What natural rhythm is disrupted by seasonal changes?
A1: circadian rhythm
Q2: In 2005, what country used increased health risks as rationalization for getting rid of DST?
A2: Kazakhstan
Q3: Which Russian president argued that the country should stay in DST year-round because of the stresses of time shifts?
A3: Dmitri Medvedev
Q4: According to the Swedish study in 2008, for how many weekdays following the "spring forward" do you have a higher risk of heart attack?
A4: three
Roman_Republic (History)

Clodius formed armed gangs that terrorised the city and eventually began to attack Pompey's followers, who in response funded counter-gangs formed by Titus Annius Milo. The political alliance of the triumvirate was crumbling. Domitius Ahenobarbus ran for the consulship in 55 BC promising to take Caesar's command from him. Eventually, the triumvirate was renewed at Lucca. Pompey and Crassus were promised the consulship in 55 BC, and Caesar's term as governor was extended for five years. Crassus led an ill-fated expedition with legions led by his son, Caesar's lieutenant, against the Kingdom of Parthia. This resulted in his defeat and death at the Battle of Carrhae. Finally, Pompey's wife, Julia, who was Caesar's daughter, died in childbirth. This event severed the last remaining bond between Pompey and Caesar.

Q1: Who was responsible for the attacks on followers of Pompey?
A1: Clodius
Q2: What political position were Pompey and Crassus assured they would receive in 55 BC?
A2: consul
Q3: What caused the death of Julius Caesar's female offspring?
A3: childbirth
Q4: Which individual ran for consul in 55 BC?
A4: Domitius Ahenobarbus
Q5: Who was responsible for an expedition against the Parthian Kingdom?
A5: Crassus
London (Geography and places)

Close to Richmond Park is Kew Gardens which has the world's largest collection of living plants. In 2003, the gardens were put on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. There are also numerous parks administered by London's borough Councils, including Victoria Park in the East End and Battersea Park in the centre. Some more informal, semi-natural open spaces also exist, including the 320-hectare (790-acre) Hampstead Heath of North London, and Epping Forest, which covers 2,476 hectares (6,118.32 acres) in the east. Both are controlled by the City of London Corporation. Hampstead Heath incorporates Kenwood House, the former stately home and a popular location in the summer months where classical musical concerts are held by the lake, attracting thousands of people every weekend to enjoy the music, scenery and fireworks. Epping Forest is a popular venue for various outdoor activities, including mountain biking, walking, horse riding, golf, angling, and orienteering.

Q1: What famous London gardens were named as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2003?
A1: Kew Gardens
Q2: Victoria Park is located in what London district?
A2: the East End
Q3: What entity oversees both Hampstead Heath of North London and Epping Forest?
A3: the City of London Corporation
Q4: What former private home hosts lake-side classical music concerts ever summer?
A4: Kenwood House
Q5: People frequently engage in physical activities such as walking, biking, and golf, in what forest?
A5: Epping Forest
Clothing (Natural sciences)

Clothing can and has in history been made from a very wide variety of materials. Materials have ranged from leather and furs, to woven materials, to elaborate and exotic natural and synthetic fabrics. Not all body coverings are regarded as clothing. Articles carried rather than worn (such as purses), worn on a single part of the body and easily removed (scarves), worn purely for adornment (jewelry), or those that serve a function other than protection (eyeglasses), are normally considered accessories rather than clothing, as are footwear and hats.

Q1: What variety has there been in the materials of clothing throughout history?
A1: very wide
Q2: What is an article that is carried rather than worn that isn't regarded as clothing?
A2: purses
Q3: Jewelry isn't considered clothing because it's usually worn purely for what reason?
A3: adornment
Q4: What are footwear and hats both considered?
A4: accessories
Q5: What is an example of something that serves a function other than protection?
A5: eyeglasses
Clothing (Natural sciences)

Clothing protects against many things that might injure the uncovered human body. Clothes protect people from the elements, including rain, snow, wind, and other weather, as well as from the sun. However, clothing that is too sheer, thin, small, tight, etc., offers less protection. Clothes also reduce risk during activities such as work or sport. Some clothing protects from specific environmental hazards, such as insects, noxious chemicals, weather, weapons, and contact with abrasive substances. Conversely, clothing may protect the environment from the clothing wearer, as with doctors wearing medical scrubs.

Q1: What does clothing protect from things which may injure it?
A1: the uncovered human body
Q2: Rain, snow, and wind are what class of things clothing protects the wearer from?
A2: elements
Q3: Clothing that is too sheer will offer less what?
A3: protection
Q4: What type of hazard is noxious chemicals?
A4: environmental
Q5: What type of clothing do doctors wear to protect their surroundings?
A5: medical scrubs
Paris (Geography and places)

Clovis the Frank, the first king of the Merovingian dynasty, made the city his capital from 508. A gradual immigration by the Franks also occurred in Paris in the beginning of the Frankish domination of Gaul which created the Parisian Francien dialects. Fortification of the Île-de-France failed to prevent sacking by Vikings in 845 but Paris' strategic importance—with its bridges preventing ships from passing—was established by successful defence in the Siege of Paris (885–86). In 987 Hugh Capet, Count of Paris (comte de Paris), Duke of the Franks (duc des Francs) was elected King of the Franks (roi des Franks). Under the rule of the Capetian kings, Paris gradually became the largest and most prosperous city in France.

Q1: who was the first king of the Merovingian dynasty?
A1: Clovis the Frank
Q2: In what year was Hugh Capet elected as king?
A2: 987
Q3: What helped establish a successful defense in the Siege of Paris?
A3: bridges
Q4: The domination of what helped create the Parisian dialect?
A4: Gaul
House_music (Music)

Club play from pioneering Chicago DJs such as Hardy and Lil Louis, local dance music record shops such as Importes, State Street Records, Loop Records, Gramaphone Records and the popular Hot Mix 5 shows on radio station WBMX-FM helped popularize house music in Chicago. Later, visiting DJs & producers from Detroit fell into the genre. Trax Records and DJ International Records, Chicago labels with wider distribution, helped popularize house music inside and outside of Chicago. One 1986 house tune called "Move Your Body" by Marshall Jefferson, taken from the appropriately titled "The House Music Anthem" EP, became a big hit in Chicago and eventually worldwide. By 1986, UK labels were releasing house music by Chicago acts, and by 1987 house tracks by Chicago DJs and producers were appearing on and topping the UK music chart. By this time, house music released by Chicago-based labels was considered a must-play in clubs.

Q1: what radio station aired the Hot Mix 5 show?
A1: WBMX-FM
Q2: what record labels helped popularize house music?
A2: Trax Records and DJ International Records
Q3: what song by marshall jefferson became a big house hit?
A3: "Move Your Body"
Q4: what european country were big house music hits being released in, in 1987?
A4: UK
Q5: where was house music from chicago-based labels considered a must-play?
A5: clubs
Szlachta (History)

Coats of arms were very important to the Polish nobility. Its heraldic system evolved together with its neighbours in Central Europe, while differing in many ways from the heraldry of other European countries. Polish knighthood families had its counterparts, links or roots in Moravia (i.e. Poraj) and Germany (i.e. Junosza).

Q1: What was very important to the polish nobility?
A1: Coats of arms
Q2: What kind of system was the coats of arms?
A2: heraldic system
Q3: how did the polish nobility system compare to other heraldy countries?
A3: differing in many ways
Q4: Where did polish knightshood originate?
A4: Moravia (i.e. Poraj) and Germany
American_Idol (Music)

Coca-Cola's archrival PepsiCo declined to sponsor American Idol at the show's start. What the Los Angeles Times later called "missing one of the biggest marketing opportunities in a generation" contributed to Pepsi losing market share, by 2010 falling to third place from second in the United States. PepsiCo sponsored the American version of Cowell's The X Factor in hopes of not repeating its Idol mistake until its cancellation.

Q1: Which major drink manufacturer decided at the beginning of American Idol not to be a sponsor? 
A1: PepsiCo
Q2: What show did PepsiCo begin sponsoring in hopes of not missing another opportunity like American Idol? 
A2: The X Factor
Q3: Which soda company did not want to sponsor American Idol?
A3: PepsiCo
Q4: In hopes of not repeating another mistake, which show did PepsiCo sponsor?
A4: The X Factor
Q5: PepsiCo fell to what place by 2010, which is in part credited with refusing to sponsor American Idol?
A5: third
Poultry (Natural sciences)

Cockfighting is said to be the world's oldest spectator sport and may have originated in Persia 6,000 years ago. Two mature males (cocks or roosters) are set to fight each other, and will do so with great vigour until one is critically injured or killed. Breeds such as the Aseel were developed in the Indian subcontinent for their aggressive behaviour. The sport formed part of the culture of the ancient Indians, Chinese, Greeks, and Romans, and large sums were won or lost depending on the outcome of an encounter. Cockfighting has been banned in many countries during the last century on the grounds of cruelty to animals.

Q1: How long ago was the sport of fighting chickens been around?
A1: Cockfighting is said to be the world's oldest spectator sport and may have originated in Persia 6,000 years ago.
Q2: What is the termed used to define the game of fighting chickens called?
A2: Cockfighting
Q3: Do chickens die in the sport of cockfighting?
A3: fight each other, and will do so with great vigour until one is critically injured or killed.
Q4: Have theere been any types of chickens who were really good at cockfighting?
A4: Breeds such as the Aseel were developed in the Indian subcontinent for their aggressive behaviour
Q5: Do people bet on the cockfighting or is it just for entertainment?
A5: large sums were won or lost depending on the outcome of an encounter.
Insect (Natural sciences)

Cockroaches are among the fastest insect runners and, at full speed, adopt a bipedal run to reach a high velocity in proportion to their body size. As cockroaches move very quickly, they need to be video recorded at several hundred frames per second to reveal their gait. More sedate locomotion is seen in the stick insects or walking sticks (Phasmatodea). A few insects have evolved to walk on the surface of the water, especially members of the Gerridae family, commonly known as water striders. A few species of ocean-skaters in the genus Halobates even live on the surface of open oceans, a habitat that has few insect species.

Q1: What kind of locomotion is seen in stick insects?
A1: sedate
Q2: What is another name for walking stick insects?
A2: Phasmatodea
Q3: Some insects can walk on top of what?
A3: water
Q4: What insect can walk on the surface of water?
A4: water striders
Q5: Water striders are part of what insect family?
A5: Gerridae
Database (Engineering and technology)

Codd's paper was picked up by two people at Berkeley, Eugene Wong and Michael Stonebraker. They started a project known as INGRES using funding that had already been allocated for a geographical database project and student programmers to produce code. Beginning in 1973, INGRES delivered its first test products which were generally ready for widespread use in 1979. INGRES was similar to System R in a number of ways, including the use of a "language" for data access, known as QUEL. Over time, INGRES moved to the emerging SQL standard.

Q1: Who used Codd's paper at Berkeley to improve a geographical database?
A1: Eugene Wong and Michael Stonebraker
Q2: What was the name of the project to create a geographical database?
A2: INGRES
Q3: When was INGRES first tested?
A3: 1973
Q4: What computer language was used in INGRES to access data?
A4: QUEL
Q5: Is QUEL still used to access data in INGRES?
A5: INGRES moved to the emerging SQL standard
ASCII (Engineering and technology)

Code 127 is officially named "delete" but the Teletype label was "rubout". Since the original standard did not give detailed interpretation for most control codes, interpretations of this code varied. The original Teletype meaning, and the intent of the standard, was to make it an ignored character, the same as NUL (all zeroes). This was useful specifically for paper tape, because punching the all-ones bit pattern on top of an existing mark would obliterate it. Tapes designed to be "hand edited" could even be produced with spaces of extra NULs (blank tape) so that a block of characters could be "rubbed out" and then replacements put into the empty space.

Q1: What is the official name of code 127?
A1: delete
Q2: What was code 127 labeled as for the Teletype?
A2: rubout
Q3: Why did Teletype have the code for "rubout"?
A3: to make it an ignored character
Unicode (Engineering and technology)

Code points in the range U+D800–U+DBFF (1,024 code points) are known as high-surrogate code points, and code points in the range U+DC00–U+DFFF (1,024 code points) are known as low-surrogate code points. A high-surrogate code point (also known as a leading surrogate) followed by a low-surrogate code point (also known as a trailing surrogate) together form a surrogate pair used in UTF-16 to represent 1,048,576 code points outside BMP. High and low surrogate code points are not valid by themselves. Thus the range of code points that are available for use as characters is U+0000–U+D7FF and U+E000–U+10FFFF (1,112,064 code points). The value of these code points (i.e., excluding surrogates) is sometimes referred to as the character's scalar value.

Q1: What are code points in the range U+D800-U+DBFF known as? 
A1: high-surrogate code points
Q2: What are code points in the range U+DC00-U+DFFF known as? 
A2: low-surrogate code points
Q3: what is another name for a high-surrogate code point? 
A3: leading surrogate
Q4: what is another name for a low-surrogate code point? 
A4: trailing surrogate
Q5: What is known as a character's scalar value? 
A5: the range of code points that are available for use as characters
Age_of_Enlightenment (Philosophy and religion)

Coffeehouses represent a turning point in history during which people discovered that they could have enjoyable social lives within their communities. Coffeeshops became homes away from home for many who sought, for the first time, to engage in discourse with their neighbors and discuss intriguing and thought-provoking matters, especially those regarding philosophy to politics. Coffeehouses were essential to the Enlightenment, for they were centers of free-thinking and self-discovery. Although many coffeehouse patrons were scholars, a great deal were not. Coffeehouses attracted a diverse set of people, including not only the educated wealthy but also members of the bourgeoisie and the lower class. While it may seem positive that patrons, being doctors, lawyers, merchants, etc. represented almost all classes, the coffeeshop environment sparked fear in those who sought to preserve class distinction. One of the most popular critiques of the coffeehouse claimed that it "allowed promiscuous association among people from different rungs of the social ladder, from the artisan to the aristocrat" and was therefore compared to Noah's Ark, receiving all types of animals, clean or unclean. This unique culture served as a catalyst for journalism when Joseph Addison and Richard Steele recognized its potential as an audience. Together, Steele and Addison published The Spectator (1711), a daily publication which aimed, through fictional narrator Mr. Spectator, both to entertain and to provoke discussion regarding serious philosophical matters.

Q1: Which venue represents a turning point in history during which people discovered that they could have enjoyable social lives within their communities?
A1: Coffeehouses
Q2: Coffehouses were essential to what movement by becoming centers of free-thinking and self-discovery?
A2: the Enlightenment
Q3: In what year was The Spectator published?
A3: 1711
Q4: Which literary work used the fictional narrator Mr. Spectator to entertain and provoke discussion regarding serious philosophical matters?
A4: The Spectator