LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser (History)

The Egyptian singer Umm Kulthum hosted a public celebration for the officers' return despite reservations from the royal government, which had been pressured by the British to prevent the reception. The apparent difference in attitude between the government and the general public increased Nasser's determination to topple the monarchy. Nasser had also felt bitter that his brigade had not been relieved despite the resilience it displayed. He started writing his book Philosophy of the Revolution during the siege.

Q1: What Egyptian singer performed at the return of Nasser's brigade?
A1: Umm Kulthum
Q2: What book did Nasser start writing?
A2: Philosophy of the Revolution
Q3: What group opposed the celebration of Nasser's brigade's return?
A3: royal government
Q4: Who has pressured the government to cancel the reception?
A4: British
Q5: What was Nasser increasingly convinced he should topple?
A5: monarchy
Hellenistic_period (History)

The Egyptians begrudgingly accepted the Ptolemies as the successors to the pharaohs of independent Egypt, though the kingdom went through several native revolts. The Ptolemies took on the traditions of the Egyptian Pharaohs, such as marrying their siblings (Ptolemy II was the first to adopt this custom), having themselves portrayed on public monuments in Egyptian style and dress, and participating in Egyptian religious life. The Ptolemaic ruler cult portrayed the Ptolemies as gods, and temples to the Ptolemies were erected throughout the kingdom. Ptolemy I even created a new god, Serapis, who was combination of two Egyptian gods: Apis and Osiris, with attributes of Greek gods. Ptolemaic administration was, like the Ancient Egyptian bureaucracy, highly centralized and focused on squeezing as much revenue out of the population as possible though tariffs, excise duties, fines, taxes and so forth. A whole class of petty officials, tax farmers, clerks and overseers made this possible. The Egyptian countryside was directly administered by this royal bureaucracy. External possessions such as Cyprus and Cyrene were run by strategoi, military commanders appointed by the crown.

Q1: Whose tradition did Ptolemy take on as leader of Egypt?
A1: Egyptian Pharaohs
Q2: What god did Ptolemy I create?
A2: Serapis
Q3: Cyprus and Cyrene were run by whom?
A3: strategoi
Q4: By using a central government that taxes heavily, Ptolemy ran his country akin to which bureaucracy?
A4: Ancient Egyptian
Q5: Apis and Osiris combined to make which god?
A5: Serapis
Egypt (Geography and places)

The Egyptians were one of the first major civilisations to codify design elements in art and architecture. Egyptian blue, also known as calcium copper silicate is a pigment used by Egyptians for thousands of years. It is considered to be the first synthetic pigment. The wall paintings done in the service of the Pharaohs followed a rigid code of visual rules and meanings. Egyptian civilisation is renowned for its colossal pyramids, temples and monumental tombs. Well-known examples are the Pyramid of Djoser designed by ancient architect and engineer Imhotep, the Sphinx, and the temple of Abu Simbel. Modern and contemporary Egyptian art can be as diverse as any works in the world art scene, from the vernacular architecture of Hassan Fathy and Ramses Wissa Wassef, to Mahmoud Mokhtar's sculptures, to the distinctive Coptic iconography of Isaac Fanous. The Cairo Opera House serves as the main performing arts venue in the Egyptian capital.

Q1: What color was frequently used in Egyptian designs?
A1: Egyptian blue
Q2: What art required adherence to rigid code?
A2: wall paintings done in the service of the Pharaohs
Q3: What is the main performing arts venue in Egyptian capital?
A3: The Cairo Opera House
Q4: Who designed the Pyramid of Djoser?
A4: Imhotep
Dwight_D._Eisenhower (History)

The Eisenhowers had two sons. Doud Dwight "Icky" Eisenhower was born September 24, 1917, and died of scarlet fever on January 2, 1921, at the age of three; Eisenhower was mostly reticent to discuss his death. Their second son, John Eisenhower (1922–2013), was born in Denver Colorado. John served in the United States Army, retired as a brigadier general, became an author and served as U.S. Ambassador to Belgium from 1969 to 1971. Coincidentally, John graduated from West Point on D-Day, June 6, 1944. He married Barbara Jean Thompson on June 10, 1947. John and Barbara had four children: David, Barbara Ann, Susan Elaine and Mary Jean. David, after whom Camp David is named, married Richard Nixon's daughter Julie in 1968. John died on December 21, 2013.

Q1: What was Doud Eisenhower's nickname?
A1: Icky
Q2: What killed Icky Eisenhower?
A2: scarlet fever
Q3: In what city was John Eisenhower born?
A3: Denver
Q4: What was John Eisenhower's final rank in the military?
A4: brigadier general
Q5: David Eisenhower married the child of what US President?
A5: Nixon
Plymouth (History)

The Elizabethan navigator, Sir Francis Drake was born in the nearby town of Tavistock and was the mayor of Plymouth. He was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the world and was known by the Spanish as El Draco meaning "The Dragon" after he raided many of their ships. He died of dysentery in 1596 off the coast of Puerto Rico. In 2002 a mission to recover his body and bring it to Plymouth was allowed by the Ministry of Defence. His cousin and contemporary John Hawkins was a Plymouth man. Painter Sir Joshua Reynolds, founder and first president of the Royal Academy was born and educated in nearby Plympton, now part of Plymouth. William Cookworthy born in Kingsbridge set up his successful porcelain business in the city and was a close friend of John Smeaton designer of the Eddystone Lighthouse. On 26 January 1786, Benjamin Robert Haydon, an English painter who specialised in grand historical pictures, was born here. The naturalist Dr William Elford Leach FRS, who did much to pave the way in Britain for Charles Darwin, was born at Hoe Gate in 1791.

Q1: What was the birthplace of Sir Francis Drake?
A1: Tavistock
Q2: What did the Spanish nickname Sir Francis Drake?
A2: El Draco
Q3: In what year did Sir Francis Drake die?
A3: 1596
Q4: What was Sir Francis Drake's cause of death?
A4: dysentery
Q5: What notable artist and Royal Academician was born in Plympton?
A5: Sir Joshua Reynolds
Boston (Geography and places)

The Embargo Act of 1807, adopted during the Napoleonic Wars, and the War of 1812 significantly curtailed Boston's harbor activity. Although foreign trade returned after these hostilities, Boston's merchants had found alternatives for their capital investments in the interim. Manufacturing became an important component of the city's economy, and by the mid-19th century, the city's industrial manufacturing overtook international trade in economic importance. Until the early 20th century, Boston remained one of the nation's largest manufacturing centers and was notable for its garment production and leather-goods industries. A network of small rivers bordering the city and connecting it to the surrounding region facilitated shipment of goods and led to a proliferation of mills and factories. Later, a dense network of railroads furthered the region's industry and commerce.

Q1: What act was put in place during the Napoleonic wars and the war of 1812?
A1: The Embargo Act of 1807
Q2: What act cut down on Boston's harbor activity?
A2: The Embargo Act of 1807
Q3: What became an important part of the city's economy during the Napoleonic Wars and the war of 1812?
A3: manufacturing
Q4: In what century was manufacturing more important to Boston than trade?
A4: 19th century
Q5: When did Boston stop being known for it's garment production and leather goods?
A5: the early 20th century
Middle_Ages (History)

The Emperor Diocletian (r. 284–305) split the empire into separately administered eastern and western halves in 286; the empire was not considered divided by its inhabitants or rulers, as legal and administrative promulgations in one division were considered valid in the other.[C] In 330, after a period of civil war, Constantine the Great (r. 306–337) refounded the city of Byzantium as the newly renamed eastern capital, Constantinople. Diocletian's reforms strengthened the governmental bureaucracy, reformed taxation, and strengthened the army, which bought the empire time but did not resolve the problems it was facing: excessive taxation, a declining birthrate, and pressures on its frontiers, among others. Civil war between rival emperors became common in the middle of the 4th century, diverting soldiers from the empire's frontier forces and allowing invaders to encroach. For much of the 4th century, Roman society stabilised in a new form that differed from the earlier classical period, with a widening gulf between the rich and poor, and a decline in the vitality of the smaller towns. Another change was the Christianisation, or conversion of the empire to Christianity, a gradual process that lasted from the 2nd to the 5th centuries.

Q1: In what year did Diocletian begin his reign?
A1: 284
Q2: When was the Roman Empire split into western and eastern administrative divisions?
A2: 286
Q3: What was the name of the city previously located on the site of Constantinople?
A3: Byzantium
Q4: During what century was the Roman conversion to Christianity considered complete?
A4: 5th
Q5: When did the rule of Constantine end?
A5: 337
History_of_India (History)

The Empire was established in 1336 by Harihara I and his brother Bukka Raya I of Sangama Dynasty. The empire rose to prominence as a culmination of attempts by the southern powers to ward off Islamic invasions by the end of the 13th century. The empire is named after its capital city of Vijayanagara, whose ruins surround present day Hampi, now a World Heritage Site in Karnataka, India. The empire's legacy includes many monuments spread over South India, the best known of which is the group at Hampi. The previous temple building traditions in South India came together in the Vijayanagara Architecture style. The mingling of all faiths and vernaculars inspired architectural innovation of Hindu temple construction, first in the Deccan and later in the Dravidian idioms using the local granite. South Indian mathematics flourished under the protection of the Vijayanagara Empire in Kerala. The south Indian mathematician Madhava of Sangamagrama founded the famous Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics in the 14th century which produced a lot of great south Indian mathematicians like Parameshvara, Nilakantha Somayaji and Jyeṣṭhadeva in medieval south India. Efficient administration and vigorous overseas trade brought new technologies such as water management systems for irrigation. The empire's patronage enabled fine arts and literature to reach new heights in Kannada, Telugu, Tamil and Sanskrit, while Carnatic music evolved into its current form. The Vijayanagara Empire created an epoch in South Indian history that transcended regionalism by promoting Hinduism as a unifying factor. The empire reached its peak during the rule of Sri Krishnadevaraya when Vijayanagara armies were consistently victorious. The empire annexed areas formerly under the Sultanates in the northern Deccan and the territories in the eastern Deccan, including Kalinga, while simultaneously maintaining control over all its subordinates in the south. Many important monuments were either completed or commissioned during the time of Krishna Deva Raya. Vijayanagara went into decline after the defeat in the Battle of Talikota (1565).

Q1: In what year was Sangama Dynasty formed?
A1: 1336
Q2: At what location are the best known monuments in the south of India?
A2: Hampi
Q3: What mathematician founded the Kerala school of astronomy? 
A3: Madhava of Sangamagrama
Q4: When was the Kerala school established?
A4: 14th century
Q5: What did the Vijayanagara Empire promote to unify Indian culture?
A5: Hinduism
Franco-Prussian_War (History)

The Ems telegram had exactly the effect on French public opinion that Bismarck had intended. "This text produced the effect of a red flag on the Gallic bull", Bismarck later wrote. Gramont, the French foreign minister, declared that he felt "he had just received a slap". The leader of the monarchists in Parliament, Adolphe Thiers, spoke for moderation, arguing that France had won the diplomatic battle and there was no reason for war, but he was drowned out by cries that he was a traitor and a Prussian. Napoleon's new prime minister, Emile Ollivier, declared that France had done all that it could humanly and honorably do to prevent the war, and that he accepted the responsibility "with a light heart." A crowd of 15–20,000 people, carrying flags and patriotic banners, marched through the streets of Paris, demanding war. On 19 July 1870 a declaration of war was sent to the Prussian government. The southern German states immediately sided with Prussia.

Q1: What telegram had the intended effect on French public opinion?
A1: Ems telegram
Q2: Following the Ems telegram, what reaction did the French foreign minister report that he felt?
A2: he felt "he had just received a slap"
Q3: In Parliament, who was the leader of the monarchists?
A3: Adolphe Thiers
Q4: Which French prime minister believed he had done all that he could to prevent a war?
A4: Emile Ollivier
Q5: On which date did France issue a declaration of war to the Prussian government?
A5: 19 July 1870
Near_East (Geography and places)

The Encyclopædia Britannica defines the Near East as including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the West Bank, and Yemen. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations defines the region similarly, but also includes Afghanistan while excluding the countries of North Africa and the Palestinian territories. According to the National Geographic Society, the terms Near East and Middle East denote the same territories and are 'generally accepted as comprising the countries of the Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestinian territories, Syria, and Turkey'.

Q1: Who defines the Near East as including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt. Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Isreal, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the West Bank, and Yemen?
A1: The Encyclopædia Britannica
Q2: The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations also includes what Country in the definition of Near East?
A2: Afghanistan
Q3: What group believes the terms Near East and Middle East denote the same territories?
A3: the National Geographic Society
Endangered_Species_Act (Natural sciences)

The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA; 16 U.S.C. § 1531 et seq.) is one of the few dozens of United States environmental laws passed in the 1970s, and serves as the enacting legislation to carry out the provisions outlined in The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). The ESA was signed into law by President Richard Nixon on December 28, 1973, it was designed to protect critically imperiled species from extinction as a "consequence of economic growth and development untempered by adequate concern and conservation." The U.S. Supreme Court found that "the plain intent of Congress in enacting" the ESA "was to halt and reverse the trend toward species extinction, whatever the cost." The Act is administered by two federal agencies, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

Q1: In what year did the Endangered Species Act become law?
A1: 1973
Q2: Which president signed the Act into law?
A2: Richard Nixon
Q3: Which two federal agencies administer the Act?
A3: the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Q4: On what day was the Endangered Species Act signed?
A4: December 28
Q5: What did the Supreme Court cite as the intent of Congress in enacting the Endangered Species Act?
A5: to halt and reverse the trend toward species extinction, whatever the cost
Endangered_Species_Act (Natural sciences)

The Endangered Species Conservation Act (P. L. 91-135), passed in December, 1969, amended the original law to provide additional protection to species in danger of "worldwide extinction" by prohibiting their importation and subsequent sale in the United States. It expanded the Lacey Act's ban on interstate commerce to include mammals, reptiles, amphibians, mollusks and crustaceans. Reptiles were added mainly to reduce the rampant poaching of alligators and crocodiles. This law was the first time that invertebrates were included for protection.

Q1: When was the Endangered Species Conservation Act passed?
A1: December, 1969
Q2: How did the Endangered Species Conservation Act benefit endangered species?
A2: by prohibiting their importation and subsequent sale in the United States
Q3: What did the Endangered Species Conservation Act add to the wildlife definition of the Lacey Act?
A3: mammals, reptiles, amphibians, mollusks and crustaceans
Q4: What two reptiles were particularly of interest for the inclusion of "reptiles" in the Endangered Species Conservation Act?
A4: alligators and crocodiles
Q5: What important precedent did this set for invertebrates?
A5: This law was the first time that invertebrates were included for protection
England_national_football_team (Sports and recreation)

The England national football team represents England and the Crown Dependencies of Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man for football matches as part of FIFA-authorised events, and is controlled by The Football Association, the governing body for football in England. England are one of the two oldest national teams in football; alongside Scotland, whom they played in the world's first international football match in 1872. England's home ground is Wembley Stadium, London, and the current team manager is Roy Hodgson.

Q1: Which governing body controls the England national football team?
A1: The Football Association
Q2: Which other team, besides England, is one of the  two oldest national teams in football?
A2: Scotland
Q3: In what year did England and Scotland play the world's first international football match?
A3: 1872
Q4: What is the name of England's home field in London?
A4: Wembley Stadium
Q5: Who is the current team manager of England's football team?
A5: Roy Hodgson
Dominican_Order (Philosophy and religion)

The English Province was a component of the international order from which it obtained its laws, direction, and instructions. It was also, however, a group of Englishmen. Its direct supervisors were from England, and the members of the English Province dwelt and labored in English cities, towns, villages, and roadways. English and European ingredients constantly came in contact. The international side of the province's existence influenced the national, and the national responded to, adapted, and sometimes constrained the international.

Q1: The Dominican Order in England was controlled by who?
A1: Englishmen
Q2: The national side of the Order was influenced by what other side?
A2: international
Q3: Why was the English order of the Dominicans so successful in England?
A3: Its direct supervisors were from England
Dominican_Order (Philosophy and religion)

The English concentrated on the spirit of the events of Christ's life, not the literality of events. They neither expected nor sought the appearance of the stigmata or any other physical manifestation. They wanted to create in themselves that environment that allowed Jesus to fulfill His divine mission, insofar as they were able. At the center of this environment was love: the love that Christ showed for humanity in becoming human. Christ's love reveals the mercy of God and His care for His creation. English Dominican mystics sought through this love to become images of God. Love led to spiritual growth that, in turn, reflected an increase in love for God and humanity. This increase in universal love allowed men's wills to conform to God's will, just as Christ's will submitted to the Father's will.

Q1: The English Dominican Order focused primarily on what?
A1: the events of Christ's life
Q2: What did the English Order not care about?
A2: the stigmata
Q3: The English Dominican Order wanted to put what at the center of their study of Christ?
A3: love
Q4: What does Christ's love reveal to humanity?
A4: the mercy of God
Q5: What does love lead to according to English mystics?
A5: spiritual growth
Valencia (Geography and places)

The English held the city for 16 months and defeated several attempts to expel them. English soldiers advanced as far as Requena on the road to Madrid. After the victory of the Bourbons at the Battle of Almansa on 25 April 1707, the English army evacuated Valencia and Philip V ordered the repeal of the privileges of Valencia as punishment for the kingdom's support of Charles of Austria. By the Nueva Planta decrees (Decretos de Nueva Planta) the ancient Charters of Valencia were abolished and the city was governed by the Castilian Charter. The Bourbon forces burned important cities like Xativa, where pictures of the Spanish Bourbons in public places are hung upside down as a protest to this day. The capital of the Kingdom of Valencia was moved to Orihuela, an outrage to the citizens of Valencia. Philip ordered the Cortes to meet with the Viceroy of Valencia, Cardinal Luis de Belluga, who opposed the change of capital because of the proximity of Orihuela, a religious, cultural and now political centre, to Murcia (capital of another viceroyalty and his diocese). Because of his hatred of the city of Orihuela, which had bombarded and looted Valencia during the War of Succession, the cardinal resigned the viceroyalty in protest against the actions of Philip, who finally relented and returned the capital to Valencia.

Q1: How long did the English occupy Valencia?
A1: 16 months
Q2: At what battle were the Bourbons victorious?
A2: Battle of Almansa
Q3: Who ordered Valencia punished for supporting Charles?
A3: Philip V
Q4: What abolished Valencia's ancient charters?
A4: Nueva Planta decrees
Q5: Who resigned in protest against Philip?
A5: Cardinal Luis de Belluga
Oklahoma (Geography and places)

The English language has been official in the state of Oklahoma since 2010. The variety of North American English spoken is called Oklahoma English, and this dialect is quite diverse with its uneven blending of features of North Midland, South Midland, and Southern dialects. In 2000, 2,977,187 Oklahomans—92.6% of the resident population five years or older—spoke only English at home, a decrease from 95% in 1990. 238,732 Oklahoma residents reported speaking a language other than English in the 2000 census, about 7.4% of the total population of the state. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language in the state, with 141,060 speakers counted in 2000. The next most commonly spoken language is Cherokee, with about 22,000 speakers living within the Cherokee Nation tribal jurisdiction area of eastern Oklahoma. Cherokee is an official language in the Cherokee Nation tribal jurisdiction area and in the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians.

Q1: When did Oklahoma declare an official language?
A1: 2010
Q2: How many Oklahomans speak only English at home, as of 2000?
A2: 2,977,187
Q3: What percent of Oklahomans speak only English at home, as of 2000?
A3: 92.6%
Q4: What is the second-most-prevalent language in Oklahoma?
A4: Spanish
Q5: What is the third-most-prevalent language in Oklahoma?
A5: Cherokee