LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Christian (Language and literature)

The most common Persian word is Masīhī (مسیحی), from Arabic.,Other words are Nasrānī (نصرانی), from Syriac for "Nazarene", and Tarsā (ترسا), from Middle Persian word Tarsāg, also meaning "Christian", derived from tars, meaning "fear, respect".

Q1: What is the most common Persian word for Christian?
A1: Masīhī
Q2: What is the Syriac word for Nazarene?
A2: Nasrānī
Q3: What does tars mean?
A3: fear, respect
Q4: What is the Middle Persion word for Christian?
A4: Tarsā
Diarrhea (Natural sciences)

The most common cause is an infection of the intestines due to either a virus, bacteria, or parasite; a condition known as gastroenteritis. These infections are often acquired from food or water that has been contaminated by stool, or directly from another person who is infected. It may be divided into three types: short duration watery diarrhea, short duration bloody diarrhea, and if it lasts for more than two weeks, persistent diarrhea. The short duration watery diarrhea may be due to an infection by cholera, although this is rare in the developed world. If blood is present it is also known as dysentery. A number of non-infectious causes may also result in diarrhea, including hyperthyroidism, lactose intolerance, inflammatory bowel disease, a number of medications, and irritable bowel syndrome. In most cases, stool cultures are not required to confirm the exact cause.

Q1: What is the most common cause of diarrhea?
A1: an infection of the intestines
Q2: What can cause an infection in the intestines?
A2: a virus, bacteria, or parasite
Q3: What are the three types of diarrhea?
A3: short duration watery diarrhea, short duration bloody diarrhea, and if it lasts for more than two weeks, persistent diarrhea
Q4: What is it known as if blood is present?
A4: dysentery
Uranium (Natural sciences)

The most common forms of uranium oxide are triuranium octoxide (U
3O
8) and UO
2. Both oxide forms are solids that have low solubility in water and are relatively stable over a wide range of environmental conditions. Triuranium octoxide is (depending on conditions) the most stable compound of uranium and is the form most commonly found in nature. Uranium dioxide is the form in which uranium is most commonly used as a nuclear reactor fuel. At ambient temperatures, UO
2 will gradually convert to U
3O
8. Because of their stability, uranium oxides are generally considered the preferred chemical form for storage or disposal.

Q1: Along with UO2, what is the commonest form of uranium oxide?
A1: triuranium octoxide
Q2: What is the stablest uranium compound?
A2: Triuranium octoxide
Q3: In what form is uranium most often used as fuel for nuclear reactors?
A3: Uranium dioxide
Gene (Natural sciences)

The most common source of new genes in eukaryotic lineages is gene duplication, which creates copy number variation of an existing gene in the genome. The resulting genes (paralogs) may then diverge in sequence and in function. Sets of genes formed in this way comprise a gene family. Gene duplications and losses within a family are common and represent a major source of evolutionary biodiversity. Sometimes, gene duplication may result in a nonfunctional copy of a gene, or a functional copy may be subject to mutations that result in loss of function; such nonfunctional genes are called pseudogenes.:7.6

Q1: What is the most common source of new genes in eukaryotic lineages?
A1: gene duplication
Q2: What creates copy number variation of an existing gene in the genome?
A2: gene duplication
Q3: What are the genes that result from eukaryotic gene duplication called?
A3: paralogs
Q4: What type of copy can gene duplication sometimes result in?
A4: nonfunctional
Q5: What are functional copies of a gene which have a loss of function due to mutation called?
A5: pseudogenes
Han_dynasty (History)

The most common staple crops consumed during Han were wheat, barley, foxtail millet, proso millet, rice, and beans. Commonly eaten fruits and vegetables included chestnuts, pears, plums, peaches, melons, apricots, strawberries, red bayberries, jujubes, calabash, bamboo shoots, mustard plant and taro. Domesticated animals that were also eaten included chickens, Mandarin ducks, geese, cows, sheep, pigs, camels and dogs (various types were bred specifically for food, while most were used as pets). Turtles and fish were taken from streams and lakes. Commonly hunted game, such as owl, pheasant, magpie, sika deer, and Chinese bamboo partridge were consumed. Seasonings included sugar, honey, salt and soy sauce. Beer and wine were regularly consumed.

Q1: What type of crop was rice considered to be during this period?
A1: staple crops
Q2: What were dogs in this era most likely to be considered?
A2: pets
Q3: What type of partridge was commonly consumed?
A3: Chinese bamboo
Q4: Where were turtles acquired from?
A4: streams and lakes
Q5: What was the color of the bayberries?
A5: red
Light-emitting_diode (Engineering and technology)

The most common symptom of LED (and diode laser) failure is the gradual lowering of light output and loss of efficiency. Sudden failures, although rare, can also occur. Early red LEDs were notable for their short service life. With the development of high-power LEDs the devices are subjected to higher junction temperatures and higher current densities than traditional devices. This causes stress on the material and may cause early light-output degradation. To quantitatively classify useful lifetime in a standardized manner it has been suggested to use L70 or L50, which are the runtimes (typically given in thousands of hours) at which a given LED reaches 70% and 50% of initial light output, respectively.

Q1: What is a symptom of LED failure?
A1: loss of efficiency
Q2: What is rare in LED lighting?
A2: Sudden failures
Q3: What was notable in early red LEDs?
A3: their short service life
Q4: What could cause early light-output degradation in LEDs?
A4: higher junction temperatures
Q5: What is a classification used in LED lighting to describe how much usefulness it will receive?
A5: L70 or L50
Myanmar (Geography and places)

The most common way for travellers to enter the country seems to be by air. According to the website Lonely Planet, getting into Myanmar is problematic: "No bus or train service connects Myanmar with another country, nor can you travel by car or motorcycle across the border – you must walk across.", and states that, "It is not possible for foreigners to go to/from Myanmar by sea or river." There are a small number of border crossings that allow the passage of private vehicles, such as the border between Ruili (China) to Mu-se, the border between Htee Kee (Myanmar) and Ban Phu Nam Ron (Thailand) (the most direct border between Dawei and Kanchanaburi), and the border between Myawaddy (Myanmar) and Mae Sot (Thailand). At least one tourist company has successfully run commercial overland routes through these borders since 2013. "From Mae Sai (Thailand) you can cross to Tachileik, but can only go as far as Kengtung. Those in Thailand on a visa run can cross to Kawthaung but cannot venture farther into Myanmar."

Q1: How are most visitors ushered into the city of Myanmar ?
A1: by air
Q2: Is Myanmar convenient to other countries in South East Asia ? 
A2: No bus or train service connects Myanmar with another country, nor can you travel by car or motorcycle across the border – you must walk across
Q3: Are there any cruise travel destinations for Myanmar ?
A3: It is not possible for foreigners to go to/from Myanmar by sea or river.
Q4: How long have bus tours been available to tourist of Myanmar ?
A4: one tourist company has successfully run commercial overland routes through these borders since 2013.
Q5: How far are the people from Taiwan ,but not actually citizens of Taiwan, allowed to venture into the Myanmar territory ?
A5: Those in Thailand on a visa run can cross to Kawthaung but cannot venture farther into Myanmar
Dialect (Language and literature)

The most common, and most purely linguistic, criterion is that of mutual intelligibility: two varieties are said to be dialects of the same language if being a speaker of one variety confers sufficient knowledge to understand and be understood by a speaker of the other; otherwise, they are said to be different languages. However, this definition becomes problematic in the case of dialect continua, in which it may be the case that dialect B is mutually intelligible with both dialect A and dialect C but dialects A and C are not mutually intelligible with each other. In this case the criterion of mutual intelligibility makes it impossible to decide whether A and C are dialects of the same language or not. Cases may also arise in which a speaker of dialect X can understand a speaker of dialect Y, but not vice versa; the mutual intelligibility criterion flounders here as well.

Q1: What trait is the most common way of determining if languages are dialects?
A1: mutual intelligibility
Q2: What is the term for when dialects A and B are mutually intelligible, dialect B and C are mutually intelligible, but dialects A and C are not mutually intelligible?
A2: dialect continua
Q3: What is the definition of mutual intelligibility?
A3: if being a speaker of one variety confers sufficient knowledge to understand and be understood by a speaker of the other
Middle_Ages (History)

The most commonly given starting point for the Middle Ages is 476, first used by Bruni.[A] For Europe as a whole, 1500 is often considered to be the end of the Middle Ages, but there is no universally agreed upon end date. Depending on the context, events such as Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1492, the conquest of Constantinople by the Turks in 1453, or the Protestant Reformation in 1517 are sometimes used. English historians often use the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485 to mark the end of the period. For Spain, dates commonly used are the death of King Ferdinand II in 1516, the death of Queen Isabella I of Castile in 1504, or the conquest of Granada in 1492. Historians from Romance-speaking countries tend to divide the Middle Ages into two parts: an earlier "High" and later "Low" period. English-speaking historians, following their German counterparts, generally subdivide the Middle Ages into three intervals: "Early", "High", and "Late". In the 19th century, the entire Middle Ages were often referred to as the "Dark Ages",[B] but with the adoption of these subdivisions, use of this term was restricted to the Early Middle Ages, at least among historians.

Q1: What date is usually given as the beginning of the Middle Ages?
A1: 476
Q2: Who was the first writer to date the Middle Ages from 476?
A2: Bruni
Q3: When is the Middle Ages generally considered to have ended?
A3: 1500
Q4: In what year did the Turks conquer Constantinople?
A4: 1453
Q5: When did Ferdinand II die?
A5: 1516
Hyderabad (Geography and places)

The most commonly used forms of medium distance transport in Hyderabad include government owned services such as light railways and buses, as well as privately operated taxis and auto rickshaws. Bus services operate from the Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station in the city centre and carry over 130 million passengers daily across the entire network.:76 Hyderabad's light rail transportation system, the Multi-Modal Transport System (MMTS), is a three line suburban rail service used by over 160,000 passengers daily. Complementing these government services are minibus routes operated by Setwin (Society for Employment Promotion & Training in Twin Cities). Intercity rail services also operate from Hyderabad; the main, and largest, station is Secunderabad Railway Station, which serves as Indian Railways' South Central Railway zone headquarters and a hub for both buses and MMTS light rail services connecting Secunderabad and Hyderabad. Other major railway stations in Hyderabad are Hyderabad Deccan Station, Kachiguda Railway Station, Begumpet Railway Station, Malkajgiri Railway Station and Lingampally Railway Station. The Hyderabad Metro, a new rapid transit system, is to be added to the existing public transport infrastructure and is scheduled to operate three lines by 2015.

Q1: What type of transport that is not government owned is commonly used in Hyderabad?
A1: taxis and auto rickshaws
Q2: How many people are carried each day by the bus service network in Hyderabad?
A2: 130 million
Q3: What is the light rail system in Hyderabad known as?
A3: Multi-Modal Transport System (MMTS)
Q4: How many passengers use the Hyderabad light rail system each day?
A4: 160,000
Q5: What is Setwin otherwise known as?
A5: Society for Employment Promotion & Training in Twin Cities
Switzerland (Geography and places)

The most dense rail network in Europe of 5,063 km (3,146 mi) carries over 350 million passengers annually. In 2007, each Swiss citizen travelled on average 2,258 km (1,403 mi) by rail, which makes them the keenest rail users. The network is administered mainly by the Federal Railways, except in Graubünden, where the 366 km (227 mi) narrow gauge railway is operated by the Rhaetian Railways and includes some World Heritage lines. The building of new railway base tunnels through the Alps is under way to reduce the time of travel between north and south through the AlpTransit project.

Q1: How many passengers does the most dense rail network in Europe carry annualy?
A1: over 350 million
Q2: In 2007, what was the average amount of km's travelled by eacg Swiss citizens on the rails?
A2: 2,258
Q3: Who mainly administers the Swiss railway system?
A3: Federal Railways
Q4: What is the Alp-Transit project designed to reduce the time of travel between?
A4: north and south
Q5: Under which mountains are the railway tunnels being built for the Alp-Transit project?
A5: the Alps
Compact_disc (Engineering and technology)

The most expensive part of a CD is the jewel case. In 1995, material costs were 30 cents for the jewel case and 10 to 15 cents for the CD. Wholesale cost of CDs was $0.75 to $1.15, which retailed for $16.98. On average, the store received 35 percent of the retail price, the record company 27 percent, the artist 16 percent, the manufacturer 13 percent, and the distributor 9 percent. When 8-track tapes, cassette tapes, and CDs were introduced, each was marketed at a higher price than the format they succeeded, even though the cost to produce the media was reduced. This was done because the apparent value increased. This continued from vinyl to CDs but was broken when Apple marketed MP3s for $0.99, and albums for $9.99. The incremental cost, though, to produce an MP3 is very small.

Q1: What is the priciest component of a CD?
A1: jewel case
Q2: Why did the cost of audio music increase when the production costs decreased?
A2: value increased
Q3: What did CDs retail for in 1995?
A3: $16.98
Q4: Who received the most profit from the sale of CDs?
A4: the store
Q5: How much did a jewel case cost in 1995?
A5: 30 cents
Anti-aircraft_warfare (Warfare)

The most extreme case was the Soviet Union, and this model may still be followed in some countries: it was a separate service, on a par with the navy or ground force. In the Soviet Union this was called Voyska PVO, and had both fighter aircraft and ground-based systems. This was divided into two arms, PVO Strany, the Strategic Air defence Service responsible for Air Defence of the Homeland, created in 1941 and becoming an independent service in 1954, and PVO SV, Air Defence of the Ground Forces. Subsequently these became part of the air force and ground forces respectively

Q1: Which country had the most severe case?
A1: Soviet Union
Q2: This separate service  was known as what in the Soviet Union?
A2: Voyska PVO
Q3: What two systems did Voyska PVO have?
A3: fighter aircraft and ground-based systems
Q4: What year did the PVO Strany become independent?
A4: 1954
Q5: What was the arm that was the Air Defence of the Ground Forces?
A5: PVO SV
Cubism (Art and architecture)

The most extreme forms of Cubism were not those practiced by Picasso and Braque, who resisted total abstraction. Other Cubists, by contrast, especially František Kupka, and those considered Orphists by Apollinaire (Delaunay, Léger, Picabia and Duchamp), accepted abstraction by removing visible subject matter entirely. Kupka’s two entries at the 1912 Salon d'Automne, Amorpha-Fugue à deux couleurs and Amorpha chromatique chaude, were highly abstract (or nonrepresentational) and metaphysical in orientation. Both Duchamp in 1912 and Picabia from 1912 to 1914 developed an expressive and allusive abstraction dedicated to complex emotional and sexual themes. Beginning in 1912 Delaunay painted a series of paintings entitled Simultaneous Windows, followed by a series entitled Formes Circulaires, in which he combined planar structures with bright prismatic hues; based on the optical characteristics of juxtaposed colors his departure from reality in the depiction of imagery was quasi-complete. In 1913–14 Léger produced a series entitled Contrasts of Forms, giving a similar stress to color, line and form. His Cubism, despite its abstract qualities, was associated with themes of mechanization and modern life. Apollinaire supported these early developments of abstract Cubism in Les Peintres cubistes (1913), writing of a new "pure" painting in which the subject was vacated. But in spite of his use of the term Orphism these works were so different that they defy attempts to place them in a single category.

Q1: What were Kupka's two entries at the Salon d'Automne? 
A1: Amorpha-Fugue à deux couleurs and Amorpha chromatique chaude
Q2: What were the titles of Delaunay's paintings in 1912? 
A2: Simultaneous Windows,
Q3: During what years did  Leger produce Contrasts of Forms? 
A3: 1913–14
Carnival (Philosophy and religion)

The most famed Carnival festivities are in Guaranda (Bolivar province) and Ambato (Tungurahua province). In Ambato, the festivities are called Fiesta de las Flores y las Frutas (Festival of the Flowers and Fruits). Other cities have revived Carnival traditions with colorful parades, such as in Azogues (Cañar Province). In Azogues and the Southern Andes in general, Taita Carnival is always an indigenous Cañari. Recently a celebration has gained prominence in the northern part of the Sierra in the Chota Valley in Imbabura which is a zone of a strong afro-Ecuadorian population and so the Carnival is celebrated with bomba del chota music.

Q1: Where are the most famed Carnival festivities?
A1: Guaranda (Bolivar province) and Ambato (Tungurahua province
Q2: What are the festivities known as in Ambato?
A2: Fiesta de las Flores y las Frutas
Q3: Where has a celebration recently gained acclaim?
A3: Imbabura
Q4: What is there a large population of in the Chota Valley?
A4: afro-Ecuadorian
Q5: What music is the Carnival celebrated with in the Chota Valley?
A5: bomba del chota
Glass (Art and architecture)

The most familiar, and historically the oldest, types of glass are "silicate glasses" based on the chemical compound silica (silicon dioxide, or quartz), the primary constituent of sand. The term glass, in popular usage, is often used to refer only to this type of material, which is familiar from use as window glass and in glass bottles. Of the many silica-based glasses that exist, ordinary glazing and container glass is formed from a specific type called soda-lime glass, composed of approximately 75% silicon dioxide (SiO2), sodium oxide (Na2O) from sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), calcium oxide, also called lime (CaO), and several minor additives. A very clear and durable quartz glass can be made from pure silica, but the high melting point and very narrow glass transition of quartz make glassblowing and hot working difficult. In glasses like soda lime, the compounds added to quartz are used to lower the melting temperature and improve workability, at a cost in the toughness, thermal stability, and optical transmittance.

Q1: Which kinds of glass existed the furthest in the past?
A1: silicate glasses
Q2: What kind of glass are containers made from?
A2: soda-lime glass
Q3: What is sand mostly made of?
A3: silica
Q4: What can a very strong and transparent glass be made from?
A4: pure silica
Q5: What types of glass is the word commonly used to mean?
A5: silicate glasses
Bermuda (History)

The most famous escapee was the Boer prisoner of war Captain Fritz Joubert Duquesne who was serving a life sentence for "conspiracy against the British government and on (the charge of) espionage.". On the night of 25 June 1902, Duquesne slipped out of his tent, worked his way over a barbed-wire fence, swam 1.5 miles (2.4 km) past patrol boats and bright spot lights, through storm-wracked, shark infested waters, using a distant lighthouse for navigation until he arrived ashore on the main island. From there he escaped to the port of St. George's and a week later, he stowed away on a boat heading to Baltimore, Maryland. He settled in the US and later became a spy for Germany in both World Wars. In 1942, Col. Duquesne was arrested by the FBI for leading the Duquesne Spy Ring, which still to this day the largest espionage case in the history of the United States.

Q1: Why is Captain Fritz Joubert Duquesne famous?
A1: most famous escapee
Q2: After Duquesne made his way to St. George, what did he do?
A2: stowed away on a boat heading to Baltimore, Maryland
Q3: After settling in the US, what did Duquesne do?
A3: became a spy for Germany in both World Wars
Carnival (Philosophy and religion)

The most famous groups are the chirigotas, choirs and comparsas. The chirigotas are well known witty, satiric popular groups who sing about politics, new times and household topics, wearing the same costume, which they prepare for the whole year. The Choirs (coros) are wider groups that go on open carts through the streets singing with an orchestra of guitars and lutes. Their signature piece is the "Carnival Tango", alternating comical and serious repertory. The comparsas are the serious counterpart of the chirigota in Cádiz, and the poetic lyrics and the criticism are their main ingredients. They have a more elaborated polyphony that is easily recognizable by the typical countertenor voice.

Q1: The chirigotas, choirs and comparsas are the most famous of what?
A1: groups
Q2: What do the chirigotas sing about?
A2: politics, new times and household topics
Q3: How long does it take for a chirigota to prepare their costume?
A3: the whole year
Q4: Which group rides around in open carts through the streets?
A4: The Choirs
Q5: Who has the most elaborated polyphony?
A5: The comparsas
Edmund_Burke (History)

The most famous passage in Burke's Reflections was his description of the events of 5–6 October 1789 and the part of Marie-Antoinette in them. Burke's account differs little from modern historians who have used primary sources. His use of flowery language to describe it, however, provoked both praise and criticism. Philip Francis wrote to Burke saying that what he wrote of Marie-Antoinette was "pure foppery". Edward Gibbon, however, reacted differently: "I adore his chivalry". Burke was informed by an Englishman who had talked with the Duchesse de Biron, that when Marie-Antoinette was reading the passage, she burst into tears and took considerable time to finish reading it. Price had rejoiced that the French king had been "led in triumph" during the October Days, but to Burke this symbolised the opposing revolutionary sentiment of the Jacobins and the natural sentiments of those who shared his own view with horror—that the ungallant assault on Marie-Antoinette—was a cowardly attack on a defenceless woman.

Q1: Who was featured in the most well-known part of Burke's Reflections?
A1: Marie-Antoinette
Q2: Who said Burke wrote 'pure foppery' about Marie-Antoinette?
A2: Philip Francis
Q3: Who adored Burke's chivalry?
A3: Edward Gibbon
Q4: How did Marie-Antoinette react to Burke's writing about her?
A4: she burst into tears