LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Bermuda (History)

Bermuda is a group of low-forming volcanoes located in the Atlantic Ocean, near the western edge of the Sargasso Sea, roughly 578 nautical miles (1,070 km (665 mi)) east-southeast of Cape Hatteras on the Outer Banks of North Carolina and about 594 nautical miles (1,100 km (684 mi)) southeast of Martha's Vineyard of Massachusetts. It is 898 nautical miles (1,664 km (1,034 mi)) northeast of Miami, Florida, and 667 nautical miles (1,236 km (768 mi)) from Cape Sable Island, in Nova Scotia, Canada. The islands lie due east of Fripp Island, South Carolina, west of Portugal and north of Puerto Rico.

Q1: Bermuda is located in what ocean?
A1: Atlantic Ocean
Q2: Bermuda is on the western fringe of what Sea?
A2: Sargasso Sea
Q3: Travel from Puerto Rico to Bermuda would be in which direction?
A3: north
Q4: Travel from Portugal to Bermuda would be in which direction?
A4: west
Q5: Travel from South Carolina to Bermuda would be in which direction?
A5: due east
Q6: What natural features compose Bermuda?
A6: low-forming volcanoes
Q7: In what major ocean is Bermuda located?
A7: Atlantic Ocean
Q8: Bermuda is located 898 nautical miles from what US city?
A8: Miami
Q9: Bermuda is closest (in nautical miles) to which US state?
A9: North Carolina
Bermuda (History)

Bermuda is an offshore financial centre, which results from its minimal standards of business regulation/laws and direct taxation on personal or corporate income. It has one of the highest consumption taxes in the world and taxes all imports in lieu of an income tax system. Bermudas's consumption tax is equivalent to local income tax to local residents and funds government and infrastructure expenditures. The local tax system depends upon import duties, payroll taxes and consumption taxes. The legal system is derived from that of the United Kingdom, with recourse to English courts of final appeal. Foreign private individuals cannot easily open bank accounts or subscribe to mobile phone or internet services.

Q1: Why is Bermuda considered an offshore financial center?
A1: minimal standards of business regulation/laws and direct taxation on personal or corporate income
Q2: What does it do in place of an income tax system?
A2: taxes all imports
Q3: What does Bermuda use the consumption tax for?
A3: funds government and infrastructure expenditures
Q4: What three things does the tax system depend on?
A4: import duties, payroll taxes and consumption taxes
Q5: What is Bermuda's legal system derived from?
A5: United Kingdom, with recourse to English courts of final appeal
Bermuda (History)

Bermuda was colonised by the English as an extension of Virginia and has long had close ties with the US Atlantic Seaboard and Canadian Maritimes as well as the UK. It had a history of African slavery, although Britain abolished it decades before the US. Since the 20th century, there has been considerable immigration to Bermuda from the West Indies, as well as continued immigration from Portuguese Atlantic islands. Unlike immigrants from British colonies in the West Indies, the latter immigrants have had greater difficulty in becoming permanent residents as they lacked British citizenship, mostly spoke no English, and required renewal of work permits to remain beyond an initial period. From the 1950s onwards, Bermuda relaxed its immigration laws, allowing increased immigration from Britain and Canada. Some Black politicians accused the government of using this device to counter the West Indian immigration of previous decades.

Q1: Why did the English originally colonize Bermuda?
A1: an extension of Virginia
Q2: What two areas have provided a constant stream of immigration to Bermuda since the 20th century?
A2: West Indies, as well as continued immigration from Portuguese Atlantic islands
Q3: Why have these recent immigrants had trouble becoming permanent residents?
A3: they lacked British citizenship
Q4: When did Bermuda ease up on its immigration laws?
A4: 1950s
Q5: Why were Black politicians upset about the change in immigration laws?
A5: accused the government of using this device to counter the West Indian immigration of previous decades.
Bermuda (History)

Bermuda was discovered in 1503 by Spanish explorer Juan de Bermúdez. It is mentioned in Legatio Babylonica, published in 1511 by historian Pedro Mártir de Anglería, and was also included on Spanish charts of that year. Both Spanish and Portuguese ships used the islands as a replenishment spot to take on fresh meat and water. Legends arose of spirits and devils, now thought to have stemmed from the calls of raucous birds (most likely the Bermuda petrel, or Cahow) and the loud noise heard at night from wild hogs. Combined with the frequent storm-wracked conditions and the dangerous reefs, the archipelago became known as the Isle of Devils. Neither Spain nor Portugal tried to settle it.

Q1: Who is credited with discovering Bermuda?
A1: Juan de Bermúdez
Q2: What did Spanish and Portugese ships use the islands for?
A2: a replenishment spot to take on fresh meat and water
Q3: What did early visitors attribute the noises of the islands to?
A3: spirits and devils,
Q4: Crazy noises from indigenous animals, frequent storms and hazardous reefs earned the islands what name?
A4: Isle of Devils
Bermuda (History)

Bermuda watercolours painted by local artists are sold at various galleries. Hand-carved cedar sculptures are another speciality. One such 7 ft (2.1 m) sculpture, created by Bermudian sculptor Chesley Trott, is installed at the airport's baggage claim area. In 2010, his sculpture The Arrival was unveiled near the bay to commemorate the freeing of slaves from the American brig Enterprise in 1835. Local artwork may also be viewed at several galleries around the island. Alfred Birdsey was one of the more famous and talented watercolourists; his impressionistic landscapes of Hamilton, St George's and the surrounding sailboats, homes, and bays of Bermuda are world-renowned.

Q1: What type of painting are Bermuda artists known for?
A1: watercolours
Q2: What type of art work does Chesley Trott produce?
A2: Hand-carved cedar sculptures
Q3: What significant event does the sculpture The Arrival portray?
A3: the freeing of slaves from the American brig Enterprise in 1835
Q4: Who is one of Bermuda's most famous watercolourists?
A4: Alfred Birdsey
Bermuda (History)

Bermuda's culture is a mixture of the various sources of its population: Native American, Spanish-Caribbean, English, Irish, and Scots cultures were evident in the 17th century, and became part of the dominant British culture. English is the primary and official language. Due to 160 years of immigration from Portuguese Atlantic islands (primarily the Azores, though also from Madeira and the Cape Verde Islands), a portion of the population also speaks Portuguese. There are strong British influences, together with Afro-Caribbean ones.

Q1: What is considered the primary language of Bermuda?
A1: English
Q2: What is a lesser spoken, secondary language in Bermuda?
A2: Portuguese
Q3: What are the greatest influences to Bermudian culture?
A3: British influences, together with Afro-Caribbean
Q4: Which cultures claim to be a dominant source of Bermuda's cultural heritage?
A4: Native American, Spanish-Caribbean, English, Irish, and Scots
Bermuda (History)

Bermuda's economy is based on offshore insurance and reinsurance, and tourism, the two largest economic sectors. Bermuda had one of the world's highest GDP per capita for most of the 20th century and several years beyond. Recently, its economic status has been affected by the global recession. It has a subtropical climate. Bermuda is the northernmost point of the Bermuda Triangle, a region of sea in which, according to legend, a number of aircraft and surface vessels have disappeared under supposedly unexplained or mysterious circumstances. The island is in the hurricane belt and prone to severe weather. However, it is somewhat protected from the full force of a hurricane by the coral reef that surrounds the island.

Q1: What two business drive Bermuda's economy?
A1: offshore insurance and reinsurance, and tourism
Q2: What type of climate does Bermuda have?
A2: subtropical
Q3: Bermuda stands as a northern point in what susposed area of strange activity and disappearances?
A3: Bermuda Triangle
Q4: What protects the island from storms?
A4: coral reef that surrounds the island
Q5: What are Bermuda's largest economic sectors?
A5: insurance and reinsurance, and tourism
Q6: What occurance is the greatest factor affecting Bermuda's economy?
A6: global recession
Q7: Why is the Bermuda Triangle an area of interest?
A7: a number of aircraft and surface vessels have disappeared under supposedly unexplained or mysterious circumstances.
Q8: Why is the island safe from full hurricane devastation?
A8: protected from the full force of a hurricane by the coral reef that surrounds the island.
Q9: What is the climate of Bermuda?
A9: subtropical
Bermuda (History)

Bermuda's modern black population contains more than one demographic group. Although the number of residents born in Africa is very small, it has tripled between 2000 and 2010 (this group also includes non-blacks). The majority of blacks in Bermuda can be termed "Bermudian blacks", whose ancestry dates back centuries between the 17th century and the end of slavery in 1834, Bermuda's black population was self-sustaining, with its growth resulting largely from natural expansion. This contrasts to the enslaved blacks of the plantation colonies, who were subjected to conditions so harsh as to drop their birth rate below the death rate, and slaveholders in the United States and the West Indies found it necessary to continue importing more enslaved blacks from Africa until the end of slavery (the same had been true for the Native Americans that the Africans had replaced on the New World plantations). The indigenous populations of many West Indian islands, and much of the South-East of what is now the United States that had survived the 16th- and 17th-century epidemics of European-introduced diseases then became the victims of large-scale slave raiding, with much of the region completely depopulated. When the supply of indigenous slaves ran out, the slaveholders looked to Africa). The ancestry of Bermuda's black population is distinguished from that of the British West Indian black population in two ways: firstly, the higher degree of European and Native American admixture; secondly, the source of the African ancestry.

Q1: What term is used to refer to the majority of black people in Bermuda?
A1: Bermudian blacks
Q2: Why were so many blacks repeatedly being imported from Africa?
A2: conditions so harsh as to drop their birth rate below the death rate
Q3: Why can Bermudian blacks trace their ancestry back over centuries in Bermuda?
A3: Bermuda's black population was self-sustaining, with its growth resulting largely from natural expansion
Q4: What is one way that the ancestry of Bermudian black population differs from that of British West Indian black population?
A4: the source of the African ancestry
Bermuda (History)

Bermuda's national cricket team participated in the Cricket World Cup 2007 in the West Indies. Their most famous player is a 130 kilograms (290 lb) police officer named Dwayne Leverock. But India defeated Bermuda and set a record of 413 runs in a One-Day International (ODI). Bermuda were knocked out of the World Cup. Also very well-known is David Hemp, a former captain of Glamorgan in English first class cricket. The annual "Cup Match" cricket tournament between rival parishes St George's in the east and Somerset in the west is the occasion for a popular national holiday. This tournament began in 1872 when Captain Moresby of the Royal Navy introduced the game to Bermuda, holding a match at Somerset to mark forty years since the unjust thraldom of slavery. The East End versus West End rivalry resulted from the locations of the St. George's Garrison (the original army headquarters in Bermuda) on Barrack Hill, St. George's, and the Royal Naval Dockyard at Ireland Island. Moresby founded the Somerset Cricket Club which plays the St. George's Cricket Club in this game (the membership of both clubs has long been mostly civilian).

Q1: What Bermuda sport team participated in the 2007 world cup?
A1: national cricket team
Q2: Who is Bermuda's most popular Cricket player?
A2: Dwayne Leverock
Q3: Who defeated Bermuda?
A3: India
Q4: What began in 1872 when the game of cricket was introduced to Bermuda?
A4: annual "Cup Match"
Q5: Why is there an East End/West End rivalry?
A5: rivalry resulted from the locations
Bermuda (History)

Bermuda's pink sand beaches and clear, cerulean blue ocean waters are popular with tourists. Many of Bermuda's hotels are located along the south shore of the island. In addition to its beaches, there are a number of sightseeing attractions. Historic St George's is a designated World Heritage Site. Scuba divers can explore numerous wrecks and coral reefs in relatively shallow water (typically 30–40 ft or 9–12 m in depth), with virtually unlimited visibility. Many nearby reefs are readily accessible from shore by snorkellers, especially at Church Bay.

Q1: What directional shore of Bermuda is home to the majority of its hotels?
A1: the south shore of the island
Q2: Bermuda's coral reefs, shipwrecks, and shallow waters are great for what activity in particular?
A2: Scuba
Q3: Historic St. George's has been given what distinction?
A3: World Heritage Site
Q4: What odd color of sand draws tourists to Bermuda's beaches?
A4: pink
Q5: What makes Bermuda a popular tourist destination?
A5: pink sand beaches and clear, cerulean blue ocean waters
Q6: Where are the majority of Bermuda's hotels?
A6: south shore of the island
Q7: What has St. George been designated as?
A7: World Heritage Site
Q8: Why are divers attracted to Bermuda?
A8: numerous wrecks and coral reefs in relatively shallow water
Q9: Why is Bermuda a great place for snorkellers?
A9: Many nearby reefs are readily accessible from shore
Bermuda (History)

Bermudians served in the British armed forces during both World War I and World War II. After the latter, Major-General Glyn Charles Anglim Gilbert, Bermuda's highest-ranking soldier, was instrumental in developing the Bermuda Regiment. A number of other Bermudians and their descendants had preceded him into senior ranks, including Bahamian-born Admiral Lord Gambier, and Bermudian-born Royal Marines Brigadier Harvey. When promoted to Brigadier at age 39, following his wounding at the Anzio landings, Harvey became the youngest-ever Royal Marine Brigadier. The Cenotaph in front of the Cabinet Building (in Hamilton) was erected in tribute to Bermuda's Great War dead (the tribute was later extended to Bermuda's Second World War dead) and is the site of the annual Remembrance Day commemoration.

Q1: When did Bermudians serve in the British Armed forces?
A1: World War I and World War II
Q2: Who was key to establishing Bermuda's Regiment?
A2: Major-General Glyn Charles Anglim Gilbert
Q3: Who was the youngest Royal Marine Brigadier?
A3: Brigadier Harvey
Q4: What is the site for Bermuda's Remembrance Day?
A4: Cenotaph in front of the Cabinet Building
Bern (Geography and places)

Bern has a population of 140,634 people and 34% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the 10 years between 2000 and 2010, the population changed at a rate of 0.6%. Migration accounted for 1.3%, while births and deaths accounted for −2.1%.

Q1: What is the population of Bern?
A1: 140,634
Q2: What percent of the population are resident foreign nationals?
A2: 34%
Q3: What was the population change from 2000 and 2010?
A3: .6%
Q4: What counted for more of the population change?
A4: births and deaths
Bern (Geography and places)

Bern has an area, as of 2009[update], of 51.62 square kilometers (19.93 sq mi). Of this area, 9.79 square kilometers (3.78 sq mi) or 19.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 17.33 square kilometers (6.69 sq mi) or 33.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 23.25 square kilometers (8.98 sq mi) or 45.0% is settled (buildings or roads), 1.06 square kilometers (0.41 sq mi) or 2.1% is either rivers or lakes and 0.16 square kilometers (0.062 sq mi) or 0.3% is unproductive land.

Q1: What is 33.6% of the land in Bern?
A1: forested
Q2: When was the last time the area of Bern was measured?
A2: 2009
Bern (Geography and places)

Bern has several dozen cinemas. As is customary in Switzerland, films are generally shown in their original language (e.g., English) with German and French subtitles. Only a small number of screenings are dubbed in German.

Q1: What subtitles are included in the movies?
A1: German and French subtitles
Bern (Geography and places)

Bern is also served by Bern Airport, located outside the city near the town of Belp. The regional airport, colloquially called Bern-Belp or Belpmoos, is connected to several European cities. Additionally Zürich Airport, Geneva Airport and EuroAirport Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg also serve as international gateways, all reachable within two hours by car or train from Bern.

Q1: What is the name of Bern's airport?
A1: Bern Airport
Q2: What is the name of the regional airport?
A2: Bern-Belp or Belpmoos
Bern (Geography and places)

Bern is built on very uneven ground. There is an elevation difference of several metres between the inner city districts on the Aare (Matte, Marzili) and the higher ones (Kirchenfeld, Länggasse).

Q1: What type of ground was Bern built on?
A1: uneven ground.
Q2: What is the elevation difference between the inner cities and the other cities?
A2: several metres
Q3: Which city is higher, Matte or Langgasse?
A3: Länggasse
Bern (Geography and places)

Bern is home to 8 libraries. These libraries include; the Schweiz. Nationalbibliothek/ Bibliothèque nationale suisse, the Universitätsbibliothek Bern, the Kornhausbibliotheken Bern, the BFH Wirtschaft und Verwaltung Bern, the BFH Gesundheit, the BFH Soziale Arbeit, the Hochschule der Künste Bern, Gestaltung und Kunst and the Hochschule der Künste Bern, Musikbibliothek. There was a combined total (as of 2008[update]) of 10,308,336 books or other media in the libraries, and in the same year a total of 2,627,973 items were loaned out.

Q1: How many libraries are in Bern?
A1: 8
Bern (Geography and places)

Bern lies on the Swiss plateau in the Canton of Bern, slightly west of the centre of Switzerland and 20 km (12 mi) north of the Bernese Alps. The countryside around Bern was formed by glaciers during the most recent Ice Age. The two mountains closest to Bern are Gurten with a height of 864 m (2,835 ft) and Bantiger with a height of 947 m (3,107 ft). The site of the old observatory in Bern is the point of origin of the CH1903 coordinate system at 46°57′08.66″N 7°26′22.50″E﻿ / ﻿46.9524056°N 7.4395833°E﻿ / 46.9524056; 7.4395833.

Q1: Where is Bern located?
A1: the Swiss plateau in the Canton of Bern
Q2: What helped form the Bern countryside?
A2: glaciers
Q3: What is the tallest mountain closests to Bern?
A3: Bantiger
Bern (Geography and places)

Bern was a candidate to host the 2010 Winter Olympics, but withdrew its bid in September 2002 after a referendum was passed that showed that the bid was not supported by locals. Those games were eventually awarded to Vancouver, Canada.

Q1: What year did Bern want to host the Winter Olympics?
A1: 2010
Q2: What year did they withdraw their bid?
A2: 2002
Q3: Where were the 2010 Winter Olympics held?
A3: Vancouver, Canada
Bern (Geography and places)

Bern was occupied by French troops in 1798 during the French Revolutionary Wars, when it was stripped of parts of its territories. It regained control of the Bernese Oberland in 1802, and following the Congress of Vienna of 1814, it newly acquired the Bernese Jura. At this time, it once again became the largest canton of the confederacy as it stood during the Restoration and until the secession of the canton of Jura in 1979. Bern was made the Federal City (seat of the Federal Assembly) within the new Swiss federal state in 1848.

Q1: What year was Bern occupied by French troops?
A1: 1798
Q2: Why were French troops in Bern?
A2: French Revolutionary Wars
Q3: When did Bern regain control of Bernese Oberland?
A3: 1802
Q4: What new territory was aquired in 1814?
A4: Bernese Jura.
Q5: When did the canton of Jura seceed?
A5: 1979
Bern (Geography and places)

Bern was the site of the 1954 Football (Soccer) World Cup Final, a huge upset for the Hungarian Golden Team, who were beaten 3–2 by West Germany. The football team BSC Young Boys is based in Bern at the Stade de Suisse Wankdorf, which also was one of the venues for the European football championship 2008 in which it hosted 3 matches.

Q1: What year was the Football World Cup Final in Bern?
A1: 1954
Q2: Who won the game?
A2: West Germany
Q3: What football team is based in Bern?
A3: BSC Young Boys
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 (History)

Bernanke explained that between 1996 and 2004, the U.S. current account deficit increased by $650 billion, from 1.5% to 5.8% of GDP. Financing these deficits required the country to borrow large sums from abroad, much of it from countries running trade surpluses. These were mainly the emerging economies in Asia and oil-exporting nations. The balance of payments identity requires that a country (such as the U.S.) running a current account deficit also have a capital account (investment) surplus of the same amount. Hence large and growing amounts of foreign funds (capital) flowed into the U.S. to finance its imports.

Q1: Per Bernanke, how much did the U.S. current account deficit increase between 1996 and 2004?
A1: $650 billion
Q2: What percentage of GDP was the U.S. current account deficit in 2004?
A2: 5.8%
Q3: What emerging economies did the U.S. borrow money from between 1996 and 2004 to finance its imports?
A3: Asia and oil-exporting nations
Q4: What type account is needed by the U.S. to balance an account deficit?
A4: capital account
Q5: Where did the U.S. obtain capital to finance its imports?
A5: foreign funds
Detroit (Geography and places)

Berry Gordy, Jr. founded Motown Records which rose to prominence during the 1960s and early 1970s with acts such as Stevie Wonder, The Temptations, The Four Tops, Smokey Robinson & The Miracles, Diana Ross & The Supremes, the Jackson 5, Martha and the Vandellas, The Spinners, Gladys Knight & the Pips, The Marvelettes, The Elgins, The Monitors, The Velvelettes and Marvin Gaye. Artists were backed by in-house vocalists The Andantes and The Funk Brothers, the Motown house band that was featured in Paul Justman's 2002 documentary film Standing in the Shadows of Motown, based on Allan Slutsky's book of the same name.

Q1: Who founded Motown records?
A1: Berry Gordy, Jr.
Q2: Who did a documentary on Motown?
A2: Paul Justman
Q3: Who wrote a book about Motown?
A3: Allan Slutsky
Age_of_Enlightenment (Philosophy and religion)

Bertrand Russell saw the Enlightenment as a phase in a progressive development, which began in antiquity, and that reason and challenges to the established order were constant ideals throughout that time. Russell said that the Enlightenment was ultimately born out of the Protestant reaction against the Catholic counter-reformation, and that philosophical views such as affinity for democracy against monarchy originated among 16th-century Protestants to justify their desire to break away from the Catholic Church. Though many of these philosophical ideals were picked up by Catholics, Russell argues, by the 18th century the Enlightenment was the principal manifestation of the schism that began with Martin Luther.

Q1: Which philosopher believed that the Enlightenment was ultimately born out of Protestant reaction against the Catholic counter-reformation?
A1: Bertrand Russell
Q2: Where did Betrand Russell believe views such as affinity for democracy against monarachy originated from?
A2: 16th-century Protestants
Q3: Who does Betrand Russell started the schism that lead to the Enlightenment?
A3: Martin Luther