LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives (History)

Another scholar contends that the minority leader position emerged even before 1883. On the Democratic side, "there were serious caucus fights for the minority speakership nomination in 1871 and 1873," indicating that the "nomination carried with it some vestige of leadership." Further, when Republicans were in the minority, the party nominated for Speaker a series of prominent lawmakers, including ex-Speaker James Blaine of Maine in 1875, former Appropriations Chairman James A. Garfield of Ohio, in 1876, 1877, and 1879, and ex-Speaker Keifer in 1883. "It is hard to believe that House partisans would place a man in the speakership when in the majority, and nominate him for this office when in the minority, and not look to him for legislative guidance." This was not the case, according to some observers, with respect to ex-Speaker Keifer.

Q1: Prior to 1883 there is evidence that serious caucus fights occured in what years?
A1: 1871 and 1873
Q2: What prominent ex-speaker was nominated for minority role in 1875?
A2: James Blaine
Q3: What former appropriations chairman was nominated for minority leader in 1876,77,79?
A3: James A. Garfield
Adolescence (Natural sciences)

Another set of significant physical changes during puberty happen in bodily distribution of fat and muscle. This process is different for females and males. Before puberty, there are nearly no sex differences in fat and muscle distribution; during puberty, boys grow muscle much faster than girls, although both sexes experience rapid muscle development. In contrast, though both sexes experience an increase in body fat, the increase is much more significant for girls. Frequently, the increase in fat for girls happens in their years just before puberty. The ratio between muscle and fat among post-pubertal boys is around three to one, while for girls it is about five to four. This may help explain sex differences in athletic performance.

Q1: Is change in bodily distribution of fat and muscle the same or different between males and females during puberty?
A1: different
Q2: Do boys or girls grow muscle faster during puberty?
A2: boys
Q3: Do boys or girls experience a more significant increase in body fat?
A3: girls
Q4: What is the ratio between muscle and fat among post-pubertal boys?
A4: three to one
Q5: What is the ratio between muscle and fat amoung post-pubertal girls?
A5: five to four
Neolithic (History)

Another significant change undergone by many of these newly agrarian communities was one of diet. Pre-agrarian diets varied by region, season, available local plant and animal resources and degree of pastoralism and hunting. Post-agrarian diet was restricted to a limited package of successfully cultivated cereal grains, plants and to a variable extent domesticated animals and animal products. Supplementation of diet by hunting and gathering was to variable degrees precluded by the increase in population above the carrying capacity of the land and a high sedentary local population concentration. In some cultures, there would have been a significant shift toward increased starch and plant protein. The relative nutritional benefits and drawbacks of these dietary changes and their overall impact on early societal development is still debated.

Q1: What food related trend was significant in the new agrarian societies?
A1: diet
Q2: What forms of availability dictated Pre-agrarian diets?
A2: local plant and animal resources
Q3: What was included in the Post-agrarian diet?
A3: cereal grains, plants and to a variable extent domesticated animals and animal products.
Q4: What forced the need to supplement food supply with hunting and gathering?
A4: the increase in population
LaserDisc (Engineering and technology)

Another significant issue unique to LaserDisc is one involving the inconsistency of playback quality between different makers and models of player. On most televisions, a given DVD player will produce a picture that is visually indistinguishable from other units. Differences in image quality between players only becomes easily apparent on large televisions and substantial leaps in image quality are generally only obtained with expensive, high-end players that allow for post-processing of the MPEG-2 stream during playback. In contrast, LaserDisc playback quality is highly dependent on hardware quality. Major variances in picture quality appear between different makers and models of LD players, even when tested on a low to mid-range television. The obvious benefits of using high quality equipment has helped keep demand for some players high, thus also keeping pricing for those units comparably high. In the 1990s, notable players sold for anywhere from US$200 to well over $1,000, while older and less desirable players could be purchased in working condition for as little as $25.

Q1: Is LaserDisc quality consistent or inconsistent between player brands? 
A1: inconsistency
Q2: What is LaserDisc playback quality dependent on?
A2: hardware quality
Q3: How cheaply could an older LaserDisc player be purchased in the 1990s?
A3: $25
Q4: What range of prices were high-end LaserDisc players in the 1990s?
A4: US$200 to well over $1,000
Treaty (Language and literature)

Another situation can occur when one party wishes to create an obligation under international law, but the other party does not. This factor has been at work with respect to discussions between North Korea and the United States over security guarantees and nuclear proliferation.

Q1: Parties to a treaty may disagree over a desire to create an obligation under what?
A1: international law
Q2: Discussions between what two countries have been influence by one party's desire to create an obligation under international law?
A2: North Korea and the United States
Q3: Discussion between North Korea and the United States have been influenced by one party's desire to create obligations under international law with respect to what two topics?
A3: security guarantees and nuclear proliferation
Q4: North Korea and the United States have been characterized by a disagreement over one parties desire to create what with respect to security guarantees and nuclear proliferation?
A4: to create an obligation under international law
Time (Philosophy and religion)

Another solution to the problem of causality-based temporal paradoxes is that such paradoxes cannot arise simply because they have not arisen. As illustrated in numerous works of fiction, free will either ceases to exist in the past or the outcomes of such decisions are predetermined. As such, it would not be possible to enact the grandfather paradox because it is a historical fact that your grandfather was not killed before his child (your parent) was conceived. This view doesn't simply hold that history is an unchangeable constant, but that any change made by a hypothetical future time traveler would already have happened in his or her past, resulting in the reality that the traveler moves from. More elaboration on this view can be found in the Novikov self-consistency principle.

Q1: What is another solution to the problem of temporal paradoxes?
A1: paradoxes cannot arise simply because they have not arisen
Q2: In several works of fiction, what ceases to exist in the past which causes paradoxes not to arise?
A2: free will
Q3: What paradox cannot be enacted because it is a fact that your grandfather was not killed before your parent was conceived?
A3: the grandfather paradox
Q4: What principle elaborates more on the view described?
A4: the Novikov self-consistency principle.
Old_English (Language and literature)

Another source of loanwords was Old Norse, which came into contact with Old English via the Scandinavian rulers and settlers in the Danelaw from the late 9th century, and during the rule of Cnut and other Danish kings in the early 11th century. Many place-names in eastern and northern England are of Scandinavian origin. Norse borrowings are relatively rare in Old English literature, being mostly terms relating to government and administration. The literary standard, however, was based on the West Saxon dialect, away from the main area of Scandinavian influence; the impact of Norse may have been greater in the eastern and northern dialects. Certainly in Middle English texts, which are more often based on eastern dialects, a strong Norse influence becomes apparent. Modern English contains a great many, often everyday, words that were borrowed from Old Norse, and the grammatical simplification that occurred after the Old English period is also often attributed to Norse influence.

Q1: During what century did Cnut rule?
A1: 11th
Q2: What was Cnut's nationality?
A2: Danish
Q3: During what century did Scandinavians begin to settle in England?
A3: 9th
Q4: What language was a source for English loanwords that are still used today?
A4: Old Norse
Q5: Along with eastern England, what part of England contains many place names of Scandinavian origin?
A5: northern
Nutrition (Agriculture, food, and drink)

Another study examining the health and nutrition literacy status of residents of the lower Mississippi Delta found that 52 percent of participants had a high likelihood of limited literacy skills. While a precise comparison between the NAAL and Delta studies is difficult, primarily because of methodological differences, Zoellner et al. suggest that health literacy rates in the Mississippi Delta region are different from the U.S. general population and that they help establish the scope of the problem of health literacy among adults in the Delta region. For example, only 12 percent of study participants identified the My Pyramid graphic two years after it had been launched by the USDA. The study also found significant relationships between nutrition literacy and income level and nutrition literacy and educational attainment further delineating priorities for the region.

Q1: What percentage of people were were found to have a high likelihood of low literacy skills in the Mississippi Delta region?
A1: 52
Q2: What primary difference was there between the NAAL and Delta study that made comparisons difficult?
A2: methodological differences
Q3: Who was the main author of the study that suggested that the Mississippi Delta study identified a problem of health literacy?
A3: Zoellner
Q4: For how many years had the My Pyramid graphic been released at the time of the Mississippi Delta study?
A4: two
Q5: Income level was found to have a signification correlation to which outcome in the study?
A5: nutrition literacy
Greeks (History)

Another study from 2012 included 150 dental school students from University of Athens, the result showed that light hair colour (blonde/light ash brown) was predominant in 10.7% of the students. 36% had medium hair colour (Light brown/Medium darkest brown). 32% had darkest brown and 21% black (15.3 off black, 6% midnight black). In conclusion the hair colour of young Greeks are mostly brown, ranging from light to dark brown. with significant minorities having black and blonde hair. The same study also showed that the eye colour of the students was 14.6% blue/green, 28% medium (light brown) and 57.4% dark brown.

Q1: What dominant hair color is to believed to be prevalent among Greeks 
A1: conclusion the hair colour of young Greeks are mostly brown, ranging from light to dark brown
Q2: Which colors lay outside of the nor for those of Greek descent ?
A2: significant minorities having black and blonde hair
Q3: What eye color is believed to be the norm among Greeks ?
A3: 57.4% dark brown
Q4: What eye color shows the least presence among those of Greek heritage ?
A4: 14.6% blue/green
Dog (Natural sciences)

Another study of dogs' roles in families showed many dogs have set tasks or routines undertaken as family members, the most common of which was helping with the washing-up by licking the plates in the dishwasher, and bringing in the newspaper from the lawn. Increasingly, human family members are engaging in activities centered on the perceived needs and interests of the dog, or in which the dog is an integral partner, such as dog dancing and dog yoga.

Q1: A study showed that a task dogs do is bringing in what from the lawn?
A1: newspaper
Q2: Dogs often help clean in the kitchen by licking what?
A2: plates
Q3: In addition to dog dancing, what is another activity that families are doing that is centered around their pet?
A3: dog yoga.
Q4: What do many dogs have to do in the families where they live?
A4: set tasks or routines
Q5: What are dogs often taught to bring in from outdoors?
A5: the newspaper
Sexual_orientation (Natural sciences)

Another study on men and women's patterns of sexual arousal confirmed that men and women have different patterns of arousal, independent of their sexual orientations. The study found that women's genitals become aroused to both human and nonhuman stimuli from movies showing humans of both genders having sex (heterosexual and homosexual) and from videos showing non-human primates (bonobos) having sex. Men did not show any sexual arousal to non-human visual stimuli, their arousal patterns being in line with their specific sexual interest (women for heterosexual men and men for homosexual men).

Q1: Do men and women's patterns of arousal differ?
A1: men and women have different patterns of arousal
Q2: Are the patterns related to orientation?
A2: independent of their sexual orientations
Q3: What types of stimuli were found to arouse women?
A3: both human and nonhuman stimuli
Q4: What stimuli did men show no arousal towards?
A4: to non-human visual stimuli
Q5: Men's arousal patterns were found to be with?
A5: their specific sexual interest
Q6: What did a study on men and womens sexual arousal show?
A6: confirmed that men and women have different patterns of arousal, independent of their sexual orientations
Q7: Did women in the studys become aroused to heterosexual stimulation?
A7: become aroused to both human and nonhuman stimuli from movies showing humans of both genders having sex (heterosexual and homosexual
Q8: Did men have any arousal from non human videos containing sex?
A8: x. Men did not show any sexual arousal to non-human visual stimuli,
Q9: Did mens arousal relate to the sexual interests?
A9: , their arousal patterns being in line with their specific sexual interest (women for heterosexual men and men for homosexual men).
Christian (Language and literature)

Another term for Christians which appears in the New Testament is "Nazarenes" which is used by the Jewish lawyer Tertullus in Acts 24. Tertullian (Against Marcion 4:8) records that "the Jews call us Nazarenes," while around 331 AD Eusebius records that Christ was called a Nazoraean from the name Nazareth, and that in earlier centuries "Christians," were once called "Nazarenes." The Hebrew equivalent of "Nazarenes", Notzrim, occurs in the Babylonian Talmud, and is still the modern Israeli Hebrew term for Christian.

Q1: In Acts 24, what is another word that Christians are called?
A1: Nazarenes
Q2: What was Jesus called since he was from Nazareth?
A2: Nazoraean
Q3: What is another Hebrew term for Nazarenes?
A3: Notzrim
Q4: Wha still calls Christians Notzrim?
A4: modern Israeli Hebrew
Szlachta (History)

Another theory describes its derivation from a non-Slavic warrior class,:42, 64–66 forming a distinct element known as the Lechici/Lekhi (Lechitów):430 :482 within the ancient Polonic tribal groupings (Indo-European caste systems). This hypothesis states this upper class was not of Slavonic extraction:482 and was of a different origin than the Slavonic peasants (kmiecie; Latin: cmethones):430 :118 over which they ruled.:482 The Szlachta were differentiated from the rural population. The nobleman's sense of distinction led to practices that in later periods would be characterized as racism.:233 The Szlachta were noble in the Aryan sense -- "noble" in contrast to the people over whom they ruled after coming into contact with them.:482 The szlachta traced their descent from Lech/Lekh, who probably founded the Polish kingdom in about the fifth century.:482 Lechia was the name of Poland in antiquity, and the szlachta's own name for themselves was Lechici/Lekhi.:482 An exact counterpart of Szlachta society was the Meerassee system of tenure of southern India—an aristocracy of equality—settled as conquerors among a separate race.:484 The Polish state paralleled the Roman Empire in that full rights of citizenship were limited to the szlachta. The szlachta were a caste, a military caste, as in Hindu society.

Q1: WHat was the name of the distinct element from a nnon-Slavic warrior class?
A1: Lechici/Lekhi (Lechitów):
Q2: In this theory, what was the upper class?
A2: was of a different origin than the Slavonic peasants
Q3: WHen did they find the polish kingdom?
A3: about the fifth century.
Q4: WHat caste system does the hindu society have?
A4: military caste
Q5: Who shares the same caste system as Hindu?
A5: The szlachta
Chicago_Cubs (Sports and recreation)

Another unofficial but much more well-known mascot is Ronnie "Woo Woo" Wickers who is a longtime fan and local celebrity in the Chicago area. He is known to Wrigley Field visitors for his idiosyncratic cheers at baseball games, generally punctuated with an exclamatory "Woo!" (e.g., "Cubs, woo! Cubs, woo! Big-Z, woo! Zambrano, woo! Cubs, woo!") Longtime Cubs announcer Harry Caray dubbed Wickers "Leather Lungs" for his ability to shout for hours at a time. He is not employed by the team, although the club has on two separate occasions allowed him into the broadcast booth and allow him some degree of freedom once he purchases or is given a ticket by fans to get into the games. He is largely allowed to roam the park and interact with fans by Wrigley Field security.

Q1: What is another unofficial well-known mascot?
A1: Ronnie "Woo Woo" Wickers
Q2: What is Ronnie known for to Wrigley Field visitors?
A2: idiosyncratic cheers at baseball games
Q3: What did Harry Caray dub Wickers?
A3: "Leather Lungs
God (Philosophy and religion)

Another view, advanced by Richard Dawkins, is that the existence of God is an empirical question, on the grounds that "a universe with a god would be a completely different kind of universe from one without, and it would be a scientific difference." Carl Sagan argued that the doctrine of a Creator of the Universe was difficult to prove or disprove and that the only conceivable scientific discovery that could disprove the existence of a Creator would be the discovery that the universe is infinitely old.

Q1: What did Sagan argue was the only was to prove the existence of God?
A1: the discovery that the universe is infinitely old
Q2: What is Richard Dawkins belief about the existence of God?
A2: "a universe with a god would be a completely different kind of universe from one without, and it would be a scientific difference."
Q3: What kind of difference does Dawkins believe would come from the existence of God?
A3: a scientific difference
Q4: Who argued that the existence of God is an empirical question?
A4: Richard Dawkins
Q5: Who stated that God was difficult both to prove or disprove?
A5: Carl Sagan
Q6: How could science discover if there was not a creator?
A6: the universe is infinitely old.
Race_(human_categorization) (Natural sciences)

Another way to look at differences between populations is to measure genetic differences rather than physical differences between groups. The mid-20th-century anthropologist William C. Boyd defined race as: "A population which differs significantly from other populations in regard to the frequency of one or more of the genes it possesses. It is an arbitrary matter which, and how many, gene loci we choose to consider as a significant 'constellation'". Leonard Lieberman and Rodney Kirk have pointed out that "the paramount weakness of this statement is that if one gene can distinguish races then the number of races is as numerous as the number of human couples reproducing." Moreover, the anthropologist Stephen Molnar has suggested that the discordance of clines inevitably results in a multiplication of races that renders the concept itself useless. The Human Genome Project states "People who have lived in the same geographic region for many generations may have some alleles in common, but no allele will be found in all members of one population and in no members of any other."

Q1: What can one use to look at differences between groups instead of physical differences?
A1: genetic differences
Q2: Who was William C. Boyd?
A2: mid-20th-century anthropologist
Q3: Boyd felt race was based on a specific differentiation of the frequency of what in a population?
A3: genes
Q4: How numerous would the number of races be if one gene can distinguish races?
A4: number of human couples reproducing
Q5: What may people who have lived in the same area for generations have in common?
A5: alleles
Dominican_Order (Philosophy and religion)

Another who contributed significantly to the spirituality of the order is Albertus Magnus, the only person of the period to be given the appellation "Great". His influence on the brotherhood permeated nearly every aspect of Dominican life. Albert was a scientist, philosopher, astrologer, theologian, spiritual writer, ecumenist, and diplomat. Under the auspices of Humbert of Romans, Albert molded the curriculum of studies for all Dominican students, introduced Aristotle to the classroom and probed the work of Neoplatonists, such as Plotinus. Indeed, it was the thirty years of work done by Thomas Aquinas and himself (1245–1274) that allowed for the inclusion of Aristotelian study in the curriculum of Dominican schools.

Q1: The Dominican Order was also greatly helped by what German friar?
A1: Albertus Magnus
Q2: Albert Magnus was also known as "Albert the what"?
A2: Great
Q3: What was a discipline of Albert the Great?
A3: ecumenist
Q4: Who did Albert Magnus introduce to Dominican Order students?
A4: Aristotle
Q5: Who helped Albert Magnus bring Aristotelian curriculum to Dominican classrooms?
A5: Thomas Aquinas
Botany (Natural sciences)

Another work from Ancient Greece that made an early impact on botany is De Materia Medica, a five-volume encyclopedia about herbal medicine written in the middle of the first century by Greek physician and pharmacologist Pedanius Dioscorides. De Materia Medica was widely read for more than 1,500 years. Important contributions from the medieval Muslim world include Ibn Wahshiyya's Nabatean Agriculture, Abū Ḥanīfa Dīnawarī's (828–896) the Book of Plants, and Ibn Bassal's The Classification of Soils. In the early 13th century, Abu al-Abbas al-Nabati, and Ibn al-Baitar (d. 1248) wrote on botany in a systematic and scientific manner.

Q1: What is the name of an ancient Greek work impacting botany?
A1: De Materia Medica
Q2: What was the De Materia Medica written about?
A2: herbal medicine
Q3: What was the profession of the man who wrote De Materia Medica?
A3: physician and pharmacologist
Q4: Besides the Greeks, what other culture contributed to the study of botany?
A4: medieval Muslim world
Q5: How long a book is the De Materia Medica?
A5: five-volume