LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Estonian_language (Language and literature)

Like Finnish and Hungarian, Estonian is a somewhat agglutinative language, but unlike them, it has lost vowel harmony, the front vowels occurring exclusively on the first or stressed syllable, although in older texts the vowel harmony can still be recognized. Furthermore, the apocope of word-final sounds is extensive and has contributed to a shift from a purely agglutinative to a fusional language.[citation needed] The basic word order is subject–verb–object.

Q1: What kind of harmony has Estonian lost?
A1: vowel
Q2: What language feature does Estonian, Finish and Hungarian share? 
A2: agglutinative
Q3: In what order are words put in sentences in the Estonian language?
A3: subject–verb–object
Estonian_language (Language and literature)

Like Finnish, Estonian employs the Latin script as the basis for its alphabet, which adds the letters ä, ö, ü, and õ, plus the later additions š and ž. The letters c, q, w, x and y are limited to proper names of foreign origin, and f, z, š, and ž appear in loanwords and foreign names only. Ö and ü are pronounced similarly to their equivalents in Swedish and German. Unlike in standard German but like Finnish and Swedish (when followed by 'r'), Ä is pronounced [æ], as in English mat. The vowels Ä, Ö and Ü are clearly separate phonemes and inherent in Estonian, although the letter shapes come from German. The letter õ denotes /ɤ/, unrounded /o/, or a close-mid back unrounded vowel. It is almost identical to the Bulgarian ъ /ɤ̞/ and the Vietnamese ơ, and is used to transcribe the Russian ы.

Q1: From what script does the Estonian language get its alphabet?
A1: Latin
Q2: What is another language that uses Latin for its alphabet?
A2: Finnish
Q3: In the Estonian language how is the letter A pronounced?
A3: [æ], as in English mat
FC_Barcelona (Sports and recreation)

Like Maradona, Ronaldo only stayed a short time before he left for Internazionale. However, new heroes emerged, such as Luís Figo, Patrick Kluivert, Luis Enrique and Rivaldo, and the team won a Copa del Rey and La Liga double in 1998. In 1999, the club celebrated its centenari, winning the Primera División title, and Rivaldo became the fourth Barcelona player to be awarded European Footballer of the Year. Despite this domestic success, the failure to emulate Real Madrid in the Champions League led to van Gaal and Núñez resigning in 2000.

Q1: How long did Ronaldo remain with Barcelona?
A1: short time
Q2: When did Barcelona win a Copa del Rey and La Liga double?
A2: 1998
Q3: When was the centenari of Barcelona celebrated?
A3: 1999
Q4: What title did Barcelona win in 1999?
A4: Primera División
Q5: Which Barcelona player was the fourth to win European Footballer of the Year?
A5: Rivaldo
Arsenal_F.C. (Sports and recreation)

Like all major English football clubs, Arsenal have a number of domestic supporters' clubs, including the Arsenal Football Supporters' Club, which works closely with the club, and the Arsenal Independent Supporters' Association, which maintains a more independent line. The Arsenal Supporters' Trust promotes greater participation in ownership of the club by fans. The club's supporters also publish fanzines such as The Gooner, Gunflash and the satirical Up The Arse!. In addition to the usual English football chants, supporters sing "One-Nil to the Arsenal" (to the tune of "Go West").

Q1: What type of clubs does Arsenal have?
A1: domestic supporters' clubs
Q2: Which fan club is closely allied to the Arsenal club?
A2: Arsenal Football Supporters' Club
Q3: What supporters club is more loosely tied to Arsenal?
A3: Arsenal Independent Supporters' Association
Q4: What fan group wants more ownership rights in the Arsenal club?
A4: Arsenal Supporters' Trust
Q5: What is a common chant of Arsenal supporters?
A5: One-Nil to the Arsenal
Catalan_language (Language and literature)

Like all the Romance languages, Catalan verbal inflection is more complex than the nominal. Suffixation is omnipresent, whereas morphological alternations play a secondary role. Vowel alternances are active, as well as infixation and suppletion. However, these are not as productive as in Spanish, and are mostly restricted to irregular verbs.

Q1: What is Catalan verbal inflection ?
A1: more complex
Q2: What plays a primary part in Catalan?
A2: Suffixation
Q3: What plays a secondary part in Catalan?
A3: morphological alternations
Q4: How are vowel alternances in Catalan?
A4: active
Copper (History)

Like aluminium, copper is 100% recyclable without any loss of quality, regardless of whether it is in a raw state or contained in a manufactured product. In volume, copper is the third most recycled metal after iron and aluminium. It is estimated that 80% of the copper ever mined is still in use today. According to the International Resource Panel's Metal Stocks in Society report, the global per capita stock of copper in use in society is 35–55 kg. Much of this is in more-developed countries (140–300 kg per capita) rather than less-developed countries (30–40 kg per capita).

Q1: What percent of copper is recyclable?
A1: 100%
Q2: What percentage of copper that has been mined is still being used today?
A2: 80%
Q3: What other metal besides copper is 100% recyclable?
A3: aluminium
Q4: Name a metal that is recycled more often than copper?
A4: aluminium
Q5: What is the amount of copper in use, per capita, globally?
A5: 35–55 kg
Mandolin (Music)

Like any plucked instrument, mandolin notes decay to silence rather than sound out continuously as with a bowed note on a violin, and mandolin notes decay faster than larger stringed instruments like the guitar. This encourages the use of tremolo (rapid picking of one or more pairs of strings) to create sustained notes or chords. The mandolin's paired strings facilitate this technique: the plectrum (pick) strikes each of a pair of strings alternately, providing a more full and continuous sound than a single string would.

Q1: What happens to mandolin notes when plucked? 
A1: decay to silence
Q2: Do mandolin notes decay faster or slower than larger string instruments?
A2: faster
Q3: What is tremolo?
A3: rapid picking of one or more pairs of strings
Q4: What parts of the mandolin faciliate the tremolo technique?
A4: paired strings
Q5: What is a plectrum?
A5: pick
Pope_Paul_VI (Philosophy and religion)

Like his predecessor Pius XII, Paul VI put much emphasis on the dialogue with all nations of the world through establishing diplomatic relations. The number of foreign embassies accredited to the Vatican doubled during his pontificate. This was a reflection of a new understanding between Church and State, which had been formulated first by Pius XI and Pius XII but decreed by Vatican II. The pastoral constitution Gaudium et spes stated that the Catholic Church is not bound to any form of government and willing to cooperate with all forms. The Church maintained its right to select bishops on its own without any interference by the State.

Q1: What number doubled during Paul Vi's papacy?
A1: foreign embassies
Q2: Who did Paul Vi want to maintain a continuing dialogue with?
A2: nations
Q3: What document states that the Catholic church is not subject to any particlar government?
A3: Gaudium et spes
Q4: Who did the church retain the right to elect without interference from the state in its constitutional document?
A4: bishops
Q5: What organization officially outlined the church's relationship to state?
A5: Vatican II
Dutch_language (Language and literature)

Like in English, Dutch has generalised the dative over the accusative case for all pronouns, e.g. Du me, je, Eng me, you, vs. Germ mich/mir dich/dir. There is one exception: the standard language prescribes that in the third person plural, hen is to be used for the direct object, and hun for the indirect object. This distinction was artificially introduced in the 17th century by grammarians, and is largely ignored in spoken language and not well understood by Dutch speakers. Consequently, the third person plural forms hun and hen are interchangeable in normal usage, with hun being more common. The shared unstressed form ze is also often used as both direct and indirect objects and is a useful avoidance strategy when people are unsure which form to use.

Q1: What language besides Dutch uses the dative case instead of the accusative for pronouns?
A1: English
Q2: In the lone exception to the dative case, which pronoun is prescribed for the third person plural direct object?
A2: hen
Q3: When did the grammarians first draw the line between third person plural pronouns for Dutch?
A3: 17th century
Q4: Since most Dutch speakers don't bother with the hen/hun rule, which of the two most often gets used?
A4: hun
Q5: When speakers get confused about whether to use hen or hun, what interchangeable unstressed form would they probably use?
A5: ze
Philadelphia (History)

Like many American cities, Philadelphia saw a gradual yet pronounced rise in crime in the years following World War II. There were 525 murders in 1990, a rate of 31.5 per 100,000. There were an average of about 600 murders a year for most of the 1990s. The murder count dropped in 2002 to 288, then rose four years later to 406 in 2006 and 392 in 2007. A few years later, Philadelphia began to see a rapid drop in homicides and violent crime. In 2013, there were 246 murders, which is a decrease of over 25% from the previous year, and a decrease of over 44% since 2007. And in 2014, there were 248 homicides, up by one since 2013.

Q1: Did the crime rate go up or down after the War years?
A1: pronounced rise in crime in the years following World War II
Q2: How many murders occurred in 1990?
A2: 525
Q3: What was the average murder rate during the 90's?
A3: 600
Q4: How many murders occurred in 2013?
A4: 246
Melbourne (Geography and places)

Like many Australian cities, Melbourne has a high dependency on the automobile for transport, particularly in the outer suburban areas where the largest number of cars are bought, with a total of 3.6 million private vehicles using 22,320 km (13,870 mi) of road, and one of the highest lengths of road per capita in the world. The early 20th century saw an increase in popularity of automobiles, resulting in large-scale suburban expansion. By the mid 1950s there was just under 200 passenger vehicles per 1000 people by 2013 there was 600 passenger vehicles per 1000 people. Today it has an extensive network of freeways and arterial roadways used by private vehicles including freight as well as public transport systems including bus and taxis. Major highways feeding into the city include the Eastern Freeway, Monash Freeway and West Gate Freeway (which spans the large West Gate Bridge), whilst other freeways circumnavigate the city or lead to other major cities, including CityLink (which spans the large Bolte Bridge), Eastlink, the Western Ring Road, Calder Freeway, Tullamarine Freeway (main airport link) and the Hume Freeway which links Melbourne and Sydney.

Q1: Does Melbourne have a high or low dependency on the automobile?
A1: high
Q2: How many private vehicles travel Melbourne's 13,870 miles of road?
A2: 3.6 million
Q3: Which freeway spans the large Bolte Bridge?
A3: CityLink
Q4: Which freeway links Melbourne and Sydney?
A4: Hume Freeway
Boston (Geography and places)

Like many major American cities, Boston has seen a great reduction in violent crime since the early 1990s. Boston's low crime rate since the 1990s has been credited to the Boston Police Department's collaboration with neighborhood groups and church parishes to prevent youths from joining gangs, as well as involvement from the United States Attorney and District Attorney's offices. This helped lead in part to what has been touted as the "Boston Miracle". Murders in the city dropped from 152 in 1990 (for a murder rate of 26.5 per 100,000 people) to just 31—not one of them a juvenile—in 1999 (for a murder rate of 5.26 per 100,000).

Q1: Since the early 1990's, Boston has had less of what type of crime?
A1: violent crime
Q2: Boston police and local groups make an effort toprevent youth from doing what?
A2: joining gangs
Q3: The Boston Miracle is the name for the reduction in what crime from 1990 to 1999?
A3: Murders
Q4: What was the murder rate in Boston in 1990?
A4: 26.5 per 100,000
Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey (Geography and places)

Like many older east coast cities after World War II, Atlantic City became plagued with poverty, crime, corruption, and general economic decline in the mid-to-late 20th century. The neighborhood known as the "Inlet" became particularly impoverished. The reasons for the resort's decline were multi-layered. First of all, the automobile became more readily available to many Americans after the war. Atlantic City had initially relied upon visitors coming by train and staying for a couple of weeks. The car allowed them to come and go as they pleased, and many people would spend only a few days, rather than weeks. Also, the advent of suburbia played a huge role. With many families moving to their own private houses, luxuries such as home air conditioning and swimming pools diminished their interest in flocking to the luxury beach resorts during the hot summer. But perhaps the biggest factor in the decline in Atlantic City's popularity came from cheap, fast jet service to other premier resorts, such as Miami Beach and the Bahamas.

Q1: Which Atlantic City neighborhood became particularly impoverished in the mid-to-late 20th century?
A1: the "Inlet"
Q2: What was the biggest factor in the decline in Atlantic City's popularity?
A2: cheap, fast jet service
Q3: What were two other locations people began to fly to instead of going to Atlantic City?
A3: Miami Beach and the Bahamas
Q4: After the war, what form of transportation became more readily available to many Americans?
A4: automobile
Q5: What two luxuries that people could have at their own homes led to a diminished interest in luxury beach resorts?
A5: home air conditioning and swimming pools
Utrecht (History)

Like most Dutch cities, Utrecht has an extensive network of cycle paths, making cycling safe and popular. 33% of journeys within the city are by bicycle, more than any other mode of transport. (Cars, for example, account for 30% of trips). Bicycles are used by young and old people, and by individuals and families. They are mostly traditional, upright, steel-framed bicycles, with few or no gears. There are also barrow bikes, for carrying shopping or small children. As thousands of bicycles are parked haphazardly in town, creating an eyesore but also impeding pedestrians, the City Council decided in 2014 to build the world's largest bicycle parking station, near the Central Railway Station. This 3-floor construction will cost an estimated 48 million Euro and will hold 12,500 bicycles. Completion is foreseen in 2018.

Q1: What does Utrecht provide for cyclist 
A1: Utrecht has an extensive network of cycle paths, making cycling safe and popular. 33% of journeys within the city are by bicycle
Q2: What is a barrow bikes use 
A2: There are also barrow bikes, for carrying shopping or small children
Q3: utrecht built the worlds largest what ?
A3: in 2014 to build the world's largest bicycle parking station, near the Central Railway Station
Dutch_language (Language and literature)

Like most Germanic languages, Dutch forms noun compounds, where the first noun modifies the category given by the second (hondenhok = doghouse). Unlike English, where newer compounds or combinations of longer nouns are often written in open form with separating spaces, Dutch (like the other Germanic languages) either uses the closed form without spaces (boomhuis = tree house) or inserts a hyphen (VVD-coryfee = outstanding member of the VVD, a political party). Like German, Dutch allows arbitrarily long compounds, but the longer they get, the less frequent they tend to be.

Q1: How would a Dutch speaker say "doghouse"?
A1: hondenhok
Q2: Is Dutch like or unlike English in its treatment of compound nouns?
A2: Unlike
Q3: "Tree house," which is two words in English, would be what single word in Dutch?
A3: boomhuis
Q4: What language is like Dutch in allowing compounds to be any length?
A4: German
Q5: In English, what usually separates newer compound nouns written in open form?
A5: spaces
Serbo-Croatian (Language and literature)

Like most Slavic languages, there are mostly three genders for nouns: masculine, feminine, and neuter, a distinction which is still present even in the plural (unlike Russian and, in part, the Čakavian dialect). They also have two numbers: singular and plural. However, some consider there to be three numbers (paucal or dual, too), since (still preserved in closely related Slovene) after two (dva, dvije/dve), three (tri) and four (četiri), and all numbers ending in them (e.g. twenty-two, ninety-three, one hundred four) the genitive singular is used, and after all other numbers five (pet) and up, the genitive plural is used. (The number one [jedan] is treated as an adjective.) Adjectives are placed in front of the noun they modify and must agree in both case and number with it.

Q1: What three noun genders does Serbo-Croatian have?
A1: masculine, feminine, and neuter
Q2: Where are adjectives properly placed in the Serbo-Croatian language?
A2: in front of the noun they modify
Q3: Which number in the Serbo-Croatian language is treated as an adjective?
A3: one [jedan]
San_Diego (Geography and places)

Like most of southern California, the majority of San Diego's current area was originally occupied by chaparral, a plant community made up mostly of drought-resistant shrubs. The endangered Torrey pine has the bulk of its population in San Diego in a stretch of protected chaparral along the coast. The steep and varied topography and proximity to the ocean create a number of different habitats within the city limits, including tidal marsh and canyons. The chaparral and coastal sage scrub habitats in low elevations along the coast are prone to wildfire, and the rates of fire have increased in the 20th century, due primarily to fires starting near the borders of urban and wild areas.

Q1: What trees are protected along the coast of San Diego?
A1: Torrey pine
Q2: What drought-resistant shrub is San Diego known for?
A2: chaparral
Q3: Where can one find the most sage scrub in San Diego?
A3: low elevations
Q4: What disadvantage comes along with sage scrub habitats?
A4: prone to wildfire
Q5: How is San Diego able to offer everything from tidal marsh to canyons?
A5: The steep and varied topography and proximity to the ocean create a number of different habitats
Thuringia (History)

Like most other regions of central and southern Germany, Thuringia has a significant industrial sector reaching back to the mid-19th-century industrialisation. The economic transition after the German reunification in 1990 led to the closure of most large-scale factories and companies, leaving small and medium-sized ones to dominate the manufacturing sector. Well-known industrial centres are Jena (a world centre for optical instruments with companies like Carl Zeiss, Schott and Jenoptik) and Eisenach, where BMW started its car production in the 1920s and an Opel factory is based today. The most important industrial branches today are engineering and metalworking, vehicle production and food industries. Especially the small and mid-sized towns in central and southwestern Thuringia (e.g. Arnstadt, Schmalkalden and Ohrdruf) are highly industrialised, whereas there are fewer industrial companies in the northern and eastern parts of the Land. Traditional industries like production of glass, porcelain and toys collapsed during the economic crises between 1930 and 1990.

Q1: How far back does Thuringia's industrial sector go back?
A1: the mid-19th-century industrialisation
Q2: What was the result of the economic transition after the German reunification in 1990?
A2: the closure of most large-scale factories and companies
Q3: Where in Thuringia did BMW get it's start in the 1920's?
A3: Eisenach
Q4: Where in Thuringia are there fewer industrial companies?
A4: the northern and eastern parts of the Land.
Q5: When did traditional industries like glass and toy making collapse?
A5: between 1930 and 1990
Seattle (History)

Like most parts of the United States, government and laws are also run by a series of ballot initiatives (allowing citizens to pass or reject laws), referenda (allowing citizens to approve or reject legislation already passed), and propositions (allowing specific government agencies to propose new laws/tax increases directly to the people). Federally, Seattle is part of Washington's 7th congressional district, represented by Democrat Jim McDermott, elected in 1988 and one of Congress's liberal members. Ed Murray is currently serving as mayor.

Q1: Of what Congressional district is Seattle a part?
A1: 7th congressional district
Q2: Who is the representative for Seattle's district?
A2: Jim McDermott
Q3: When was McDermott elected to office?
A3: 1988
Q4: Who is the present mayor of Seattle?
A4: Ed Murray
Q5: To which states' election laws are Seattle's law and ballots similar?
A5: Like most
Raleigh,_North_Carolina (Geography and places)

Like much of the southeastern United States, Raleigh has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with four distinct seasons. Winters are short and generally cool, with a January daily average of 41.0 °F (5.0 °C). On average, there are 69 nights per year that drop to or below freezing, and only 2.7 days that fail to rise above freezing. April is the driest month, with an average of 2.91 inches (73.9 mm) of precipitation. Precipitation is well distributed around the year, with a slight maximum between July and September; on average, July is the wettest month, owing to generally frequent, sometimes heavy, showers and thunderstorms. Summers are hot and humid, with a daily average in July of 80.0 °F (26.7 °C). There are 48 days per year with highs at or above 90 °F (32 °C). Autumn is similar to spring overall but has fewer days of rainfall. Extremes in temperature have ranged from −9 °F (−23 °C) on January 21, 1985 up to 105 °F (41 °C), most recently on July 8, 2012.

Q1: What is the climate of Raleigh?
A1: humid subtropical climate
Q2: How many seasons are there in Raleigh?
A2: four
Q3: How many nights in a year are there in Raleigh that are freezing?
A3: 69 nights per year
Q4: What month has the most precipitation? 
A4: July
Q5: What is the hottest temperature in Raleigh?
A5: 105
Northwestern_University (History)

Like other American research universities, Northwestern was transformed by World War II. Franklyn B. Snyder led the university from 1939 to 1949, when nearly 50,000 military officers and personnel were trained on the Evanston and Chicago campuses. After the war, surging enrollments under the G.I. Bill drove drastic expansion of both campuses. In 1948 prominent anthropologist Melville J. Herskovits founded the Program of African Studies at Northwestern, the first center of its kind at an American academic institution. J. Roscoe Miller's tenure as president from 1949 to 1970 was responsible for the expansion of the Evanston campus, with the construction of the lakefill on Lake Michigan, growth of the faculty and new academic programs, as well as polarizing Vietnam-era student protests. In 1978, the first and second Unabomber attacks occurred at Northwestern University. Relations between Evanston and Northwestern were strained throughout much of the post-war era because of episodes of disruptive student activism, disputes over municipal zoning, building codes, and law enforcement, as well as restrictions on the sale of alcohol near campus until 1972. Northwestern's exemption from state and municipal property tax obligations under its original charter has historically been a source of town and gown tension.

Q1: Which war transformed many colleges, including Northwestern?
A1: World War II
Q2: Between 1939 and 1949, how many military officers and personnel were trained on the Evanston and Chicago campuses?
A2: nearly 50,000
Q3: Under what Bill did enrollments surge after the war?
A3: G.I. Bill
Q4: What center was founded by Melville J. Herskovits in 1948?
A4: Program of African Studies at Northwestern
Q5: In 1978, what famous attacks occured at Northwestern?
A5: first and second Unabomber