LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Nanjing (Geography and places)

In 1937, the Empire of Japan started a full-scale invasion of China after invading Manchuria in 1931, beginning the Second Sino-Japanese War (often considered a theatre of World War II). Their troops occupied Nanjing in December and carried out the systematic and brutal Nanking Massacre (the "Rape of Nanking"). Even children, the elderly, and nuns are reported to have suffered at the hands of the Imperial Japanese Army. The total death toll, including estimates made by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East and the Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal, was between 300,000 and 350,000. The city itself was also severely damaged during the massacre. The Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall was built in 1985 to commemorate this event.

Q1: When did Japan invade Manchuria?
A1: 1931
Q2: When did Japan invade all of China?
A2: 1937
Q3: Who killed innocent civilians in the Nanking Massacre?
A3: the Imperial Japanese Army
Q4: How many died in the Nanking Massacre?
A4: between 300,000 and 350,000
Q5: When was the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall built?
A5: 1985
History_of_science (History)

In 1938 Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann discovered nuclear fission with radiochemical methods, and in 1939 Lise Meitner and Otto Robert Frisch wrote the first theoretical interpretation of the fission process, which was later improved by Niels Bohr and John A. Wheeler. Further developments took place during World War II, which led to the practical application of radar and the development and use of the atomic bomb. Though the process had begun with the invention of the cyclotron by Ernest O. Lawrence in the 1930s, physics in the postwar period entered into a phase of what historians have called "Big Science", requiring massive machines, budgets, and laboratories in order to test their theories and move into new frontiers. The primary patron of physics became state governments, who recognized that the support of "basic" research could often lead to technologies useful to both military and industrial applications. Currently, general relativity and quantum mechanics are inconsistent with each other, and efforts are underway to unify the two.

Q1: Who discovered nuclear fission?
A1: Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann
Q2: Who edited the first paper about nuclear fission?
A2: Niels Bohr and John A. Wheeler
Q3: What event was going on during the creation of the atomic bomb?
A3: World War II
Q4: The atomic bomb was a part of which movement?
A4: Big Science
Q5: What is the problem with general relativity and quantum mechanics?
A5: inconsistent with each other
East_Prussia (History)

In 1938 the Nazis altered about one-third of the toponyms of the area, eliminating, Germanizing, or simplifying a number of Old Prussian names, as well as those Polish or Lithuanian names originating from colonists and refugees to Prussia during and after the Protestant Reformation. More than 1,500 places were ordered to be renamed by 16 July 1938 following a decree issued by Gauleiter and Oberpräsident Erich Koch and initiated by Adolf Hitler. Many who would not cooperate with the rulers of Nazi Germany were sent to concentration camps and held prisoner there until their death or liberation.

Q1: In what year did the Nazi's alter around one-third of the toponyms of the area?
A1: 1938
Q2: Around how many places were renamed when the Nazis entered Prussia?
A2: 1,500
Q3: What would happen if some didn't comply with the Nazi's with their demands?
A3: sent to concentration camps
East_Prussia (History)

In 1939 East Prussia had 2.49 million inhabitants, 85% of them ethnic Germans, the others Poles in the south who, according to Polish estimates numbered in the interwar period around 300,000-350,000, the Latvian speaking Kursenieki, and Lietuvininkai who spoke Lithuanian in the northeast. Most German East Prussians, Masurians, Kursieniki, and Lietuvininkai were Lutheran, while the population of Ermland was mainly Roman Catholic due to the history of its bishopric. The East Prussian Jewish Congregation declined from about 9,000 in 1933 to 3,000 in 1939, as most fled from Nazi rule. Those who remained were later deported and killed in the Holocaust.

Q1: How many people lived in Easy Prussia in 1939?
A1: 2.49 million
Q2: Of the population in East Prussia, what percentage of those were German?
A2: 85%
Q3: How many East Prussian Jews were around in 1939?
A3: 3,000
Q4: What happened to those Jews who remained?
A4: deported and killed in the Holocaust.
East_Prussia (History)

In 1939 the Regierungsbezirk Zichenau was annexed by Germany and incorporated into East Prussia. Parts of it were transferred to other regions, e.g. Suwałki to Regierungsbezirk Gumbinnen and Soldau to Regierungsbezirk Allenstein. Despite Nazi propaganda presenting all of the regions annexed as possessing significant German populations that wanted reunification with Germany, the Reich's statistics of late 1939 show that only 31,000 out of 994,092 people in this territory were ethnic Germans.[citation needed]

Q1: In what year was the Regierungsbezirk Zichenau annexed?
A1: 1939
Q2: What other parts of East Prussia were transferred after the annexation of Zichenau?
A2: Suwałki to Regierungsbezirk Gumbinnen and Soldau to Regierungsbezirk Allenstein
Q3: Despite all the propaganda that ws presented to the East Prussians what did German populations want within the country?
A3: reunification with Germany
Antibiotics (History)

In 1939, coinciding with the start of World War II, Rene Dubos reported the discovery of the first naturally derived antibiotic, tyrothricin, a compound of 20% gramicidin and 80% tyrocidine, from B. brevis. It was one of the first commercially manufactured antibiotics universally and was very effective in treating wounds and ulcers during World War II. Gramicidin, however, could not be used systemically because of toxicity. Tyrocidine also proved too toxic for systemic usage. Research results obtained during that period were not shared between the Axis and the Allied powers during the war.

Q1: What was the first antibiotic developed from nature?
A1: tyrothricin
Q2: When was tyrothricin created?
A2: 1939
Q3: What also happened in 1939 besides tyrothricin?
A3: start of World War II,
Q4: Who discovered tyrothricin?
A4: Rene Dubos
Q5: What was tyrothricin used for during the war?
A5: wounds and ulcers
Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation (History)

In 1939, the Bureau began compiling a custodial detention list with the names of those who would be taken into custody in the event of war with Axis nations. The majority of the names on the list belonged to Issei community leaders, as the FBI investigation built on an existing Naval Intelligence index that had focused on Japanese Americans in Hawaii and the West Coast, but many German and Italian nationals also found their way onto the secret list. Robert Shivers, head of the Honolulu office, obtained permission from Hoover to start detaining those on the list on December 7, 1941, while bombs were still falling over Pearl Harbor. Mass arrests and searches of homes (in most cases conducted without warrants) began a few hours after the attack, and over the next several weeks more than 5,500 Issei men were taken into FBI custody. On February 19, 1942, President Franklin Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, authorizing the removal of Japanese Americans from the West Coast. FBI Director Hoover opposed the subsequent mass removal and confinement of Japanese Americans authorized under Executive Order 9066, but Roosevelt prevailed. The vast majority went along with the subsequent exclusion orders, but in a handful of cases where Japanese Americans refused to obey the new military regulations, FBI agents handled their arrests. The Bureau continued surveillance on Japanese Americans throughout the war, conducting background checks on applicants for resettlement outside camp, and entering the camps (usually without the permission of War Relocation Authority officials) and grooming informants in order to monitor dissidents and "troublemakers." After the war, the FBI was assigned to protect returning Japanese Americans from attacks by hostile white communities.

Q1: When did the Bureau begin compiling a custodial detention list?
A1: 1939
Q2: When would the people on the custodial detention list be arrested?
A2: in the event of war with Axis
Q3: Who were the majority of names on the custodial detention list?
A3: Issei community leaders
Q4: When was Pearl Harbor bombed?
A4: December 7, 1941
Q5: What group did the FBI continue surveillance on?
A5: Japanese Americans
Montana (Geography and places)

In 1940, Jeannette Rankin had once again been elected to Congress, and in 1941, as she did in 1917, she voted against the United States' declaration of war. This time she was the only vote against the war, and in the wake of public outcry over her vote, she required police protection for a time. Other pacifists tended to be those from "peace churches" who generally opposed war. Many individuals from throughout the U.S. who claimed conscientious objector status were sent to Montana during the war as smokejumpers and for other forest fire-fighting duties.

Q1: What year was Jeannette Rankin vote against war the first time?
A1: 1917
Q2: When did she vote a second time against war?
A2: 1941
Q3: What were conscientious objectors sent to Montana to do?
A3: smokejumpers and for other forest fire-fighting duties.
George_VI (History)

In 1940, Winston Churchill replaced Neville Chamberlain as Prime Minister, though personally George would have preferred to appoint Lord Halifax. After the King's initial dismay over Churchill's appointment of Lord Beaverbrook to the Cabinet, he and Churchill developed "the closest personal relationship in modern British history between a monarch and a Prime Minister". Every Tuesday for four and a half years from September 1940, the two men met privately for lunch to discuss the war in secret and with frankness.

Q1: Who was Winston Churchill's predecessor?
A1: Neville Chamberlain
Q2: What position did Churchill hold?
A2: Prime Minister
Q3: What day of the week did Churchill and the King meet?
A3: Tuesday
Q4: Who did Churchill appoint to Cabinet that the King did not like?
A4: Lord Beaverbrook
Philadelphia (History)

In 1940, non-Hispanic whites constituted 86.8% of the city's population. The population peaked at more than two million residents in 1950, then began to decline with the restructuring of industry, which led to the loss of many middle-class union jobs. In addition, suburbanization had been drawing off many of the wealthier residents to outlying railroad commuting towns and newer housing. Revitalization and gentrification of neighborhoods began in the late 1970s and continues into the 21st century, with much of the development in the Center City and University City areas of the city. After many of the old manufacturers and businesses left Philadelphia or shut down, the city started attracting service businesses and began to more aggressively market itself as a tourist destination. Glass-and-granite skyscrapers were built in Center City. Historic areas such as Independence National Historical Park located in Old City and Society Hill were renovated during the reformist mayoral era of the 1950s through the 1980s. They are now among the most desirable living areas of Center City. This has slowed the city's 40-year population decline after it lost nearly one-quarter of its population.

Q1: When was the peak of Philadelphia's population?
A1: 1950
Q2: Why did the population decline after this time?
A2: the loss of many middle-class union jobs
Q3: What is the main driver of the economy now?
A3: service businesses
Q4: What is another large industry?
A4: a tourist destination
Q5: How much of the population left after 1950?
A5: one-quarter
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser (History)

In 1941, Nasser was posted to Khartoum, Sudan, which was part of Egypt at the time. Nasser returned to Sudan in September 1942 after a brief stay in Egypt, then secured a position as an instructor in the Cairo Royal Military Academy in May 1943. In 1942, the British Ambassador Miles Lampson marched into King Farouk's palace and ordered him to dismiss Prime Minister Hussein Sirri Pasha for having pro-Axis sympathies. Nasser saw the incident as a blatant violation of Egyptian sovereignty and wrote, "I am ashamed that our army has not reacted against this attack", and wished for "calamity" to overtake the British. Nasser was accepted into the General Staff College later that year. He began to form a group of young military officers with strong nationalist sentiments who supported some form of revolution. Nasser stayed in touch with the group's members primarily through Amer, who continued to seek out interested officers within the Egyptian Armed Force's various branches and presented Nasser with a complete file on each of them.

Q1: In what year was Nasser posted to Sudan?
A1: 1941
Q2: Whas was Nasser's position at the military academy in 1943?
A2: instructor
Q3: Who ordered the King to dismiss the Prime Minister?
A3: British Ambassador Miles Lampson
Q4: What political group was Nasser associated with?
A4: nationalist
Q5: Who was Nasser's contact in the armed forces, giving Nasser dossiers?
A5: Amer
Iran (Geography and places)

In 1941, Reza Shah was forced to abdicate in favor of his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and established the Persian Corridor, a massive supply route that would last until the end of the ongoing war. The presence of so many foreign troops in the nation also culminated in the Soviet-backed establishment of two puppet regimes in the nation; the Azerbaijan People's Government, and the Republic of Mahabad. As the Soviet Union refused to relinquish the occupied Iranian territory, the Iran crisis of 1946 was followed, which particularly resulted in the dissolution of both puppet states, and the withdrawal of the Soviets.

Q1: When was Reza Shah forced to abdicate in Iran?
A1: 1941
Q2: Who succeeded Reza Shah after his abdication?
A2: his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Q3: Mohammad Reza Pahlavi established what enormous supply route during World War 2?
A3: the Persian Corridor
Q4: Who backed two puppet regimes in/around Iran during WWII?
A4: the Soviet Union
Q5: What happened which ended in two puppet states dissolving and Soviet withdrawal out of Iran after WWII?
A5: the Iran crisis of 1946
Computer (Engineering and technology)

In 1941, Zuse followed his earlier machine up with the Z3, the world's first working electromechanical programmable, fully automatic digital computer. The Z3 was built with 2000 relays, implementing a 22 bit word length that operated at a clock frequency of about 5–10 Hz. Program code was supplied on punched film while data could be stored in 64 words of memory or supplied from the keyboard. It was quite similar to modern machines in some respects, pioneering numerous advances such as floating point numbers. Replacement of the hard-to-implement decimal system (used in Charles Babbage's earlier design) by the simpler binary system meant that Zuse's machines were easier to build and potentially more reliable, given the technologies available at that time. The Z3 was Turing complete.

Q1: When did Konrad Zuse create the Z3 computer?
A1: 1941
Q2: What was the first automatic, digital, programmable computer created by Konrad Zuse?
A2: the Z3
Q3: How many relays did the Z3 contain?
A3: 2000
Q4: What did the Z3 operate for a clock frequency?
A4: about 5–10 Hz
Q5: How many words of memory could be stored with the Z3?
A5: 64
Mexico_City (Geography and places)

In 1941, the General Anaya borough was merged to the Central Department, which was then renamed "Mexico City" (thus reviving the name, but not the autonomous municipality). From 1941 to 1970, the Federal District comprised twelve delegaciones and Mexico City. In 1970 Mexico City was split into four different delegaciones: Cuauhtémoc, Miguel Hidalgo, Venustiano Carranza and Benito Juárez, increasing the number of delegaciones to sixteen. Since then, in a de facto manner, the whole Federal District, whose delegaciones had by then almost formed a single urban area, began to be considered a synonym of Mexico City.

Q1: When was the General Anaya borough officially merged into Mexico City?
A1: 1941
Q2: How man boroughs was the borough of Mexico City split into in 1970?
A2: four
Q3: How many districts does the federal government control in 1970?
A3: sixteen
Q4: Which boroughs was the Mexico City borough split into?
A4: Cuauhtémoc, Miguel Hidalgo, Venustiano Carranza and Benito Juárez
The_Blitz (History)

In 1941, the Luftwaffe shifted strategy again. Erich Raeder—commander-in-chief of the Kriegsmarine—had long argued the Luftwaffe should support the German submarine force (U-Bootwaffe) in the Battle of the Atlantic by attacking shipping in the Atlantic Ocean and attacking British ports. Eventually, he convinced Hitler of the need to attack British port facilities. Hitler had been convinced by Raeder that this was the right course of action due to the high success rates of the U-Boat force during this period of the war. Hitler correctly noted that the greatest damage to the British war economy had been done through submarines and air attacks by small numbers of Focke-Wulf Fw 200 naval aircraft. He ordered attacks to be carried out on those targets which were also the target of the Kriegsmarine. This meant that British coastal centres and shipping at sea west of Ireland were the prime targets.

Q1: What did Erich Raeder believe the Luftwaffe needed to do?
A1: support the German submarine force
Q2: Raeder convinced Hitler to do what?
A2: attack British port facilities.
Q3: What ultimately convinced Hitler that Raeder was right?
A3: the high success rates of the U-Boat force
Q4: Submarines and naval aircraft damaged what primarily?
A4: British war economy
Q5: What became the new targets for the Kriegsmarine?
A5: British coastal centres and shipping at sea west of Ireland
FC_Barcelona (Sports and recreation)

In 1943, Barcelona faced rivals Real Madrid in the semi-finals of Copa del Generalísimo (now the Copa del Rey). The first match at Les Corts was won by Barcelona 3–0. Real Madrid comfortably won the second leg, beating Barcelona 11–1. According to football writer Sid Lowe, "There have been relatively few mentions of the game [since] and it is not a result that has been particularly celebrated in Madrid. Indeed, the 11–1 occupies a far more prominent place in Barcelona's history." It has been alleged by local journalist Paco Aguilar that Barcelona's players were threatened by police in the changing room, though nothing was ever proven.

Q1: What team won the first match in the 1943 Copa del Generalissimo?
A1: Barcelona
Q2: What was the score of the second match in 1943 played against Real Madrid?
A2: 11–1
Q3: Who is rumored to have threatened Barcelona players before the match against Real Madrid?
A3: police
Q4: What journalist alleged that the Barcelona team was threatened to make certain of Real Madrid's win?
A4: Paco Aguilar
Q5: What was proven about the alleged threats to Barcelona before the game?
A5: nothing
Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic (History)

In 1943, Karachay Autonomous Oblast was dissolved by Joseph Stalin, when the Karachays were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the Germans and territory was incorporated into the Georgian SSR.

Q1: Which oblast was broken up in 1943?
A1: Karachay Autonomous Oblast
Q2: Where were the Karachays sent after their oblast was broken up?
A2: Central Asia
Q3: Which SSR received the land of the Karachays' oblast?
A3: the Georgian SSR
Q4: Who broke up the Karachays' oblast?
A4: Joseph Stalin
Q5: Who eliminated the Karachay Autonomous Oblast?
A5: Joseph Stalin
Q6: When was the Karachay Autonomous Oblast ended?
A6: 1943
Q7: To where were the Karachays exiled?
A7: Central Asia
Q8: Why were the Karachays exiled?
A8: alleged collaboration with the Germans
Q9: What republic was the territory of the Karachay Autonomous Oblast transferred to?
A9: Georgian SSR
Elizabeth_II (History)

In 1943, at the age of 16, Elizabeth undertook her first solo public appearance on a visit to the Grenadier Guards, of which she had been appointed colonel the previous year. As she approached her 18th birthday, parliament changed the law so that she could act as one of five Counsellors of State in the event of her father's incapacity or absence abroad, such as his visit to Italy in July 1944. In February 1945, she joined the Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service as an honorary second subaltern with the service number of 230873. She trained as a driver and mechanic and was promoted to honorary junior commander five months later.

Q1: At what age was Elizabeth when she went on her first solo public appearance?
A1: 16
Q2: Where did Elizabeth visit on her first solo public appearance?
A2: Grenadier Guards
Q3: In case of her father's absence, in what capacity could Elizabeth act? 
A3: Counsellors of State
Q4: When did Elizabeth join the Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service?
A4: February 1945
Q5: In what capacity did Elizabeth serve in the Auxiliary?
A5: driver and mechanic
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser (History)

In 1944, Nasser married Tahia Kazem, the 22-year-old daughter of a wealthy Iranian father and an Egyptian mother, both of whom died when she was young. She was introduced to Nasser through her brother, Abdel Hamid Kazim, a merchant friend of Nasser's, in 1943. After their wedding, the couple moved into a house in Manshiyat al-Bakri, a suburb of Cairo, where they would live for the rest of their lives. Nasser's entry into the officer corps in 1937 secured him relatively well-paid employment in a society where most people lived in poverty.

Q1: Who did Nasser marry in 1944?
A1: Tahia Kazem
Q2: Who introduced Nasser and his wife?
A2: Abdel Hamid Kazim
Q3: Where did Nasser and his wife live after they were married?
A3: Manshiyat al-Bakri
Q4: What job of Nasser's offered him a comparably comfortable lifestyle?
A4: officer corps
Plymouth (History)

In 1945, Plymouth-born Michael Foot was elected Labour MP for the war-torn constituency of Plymouth Devonport and after serving as Secretary of State for Education and responsible for the 1974 Health and Safety at Work Act, went on to become one of the most distinguished leaders of the Labour party.

Q1: What constituency did MP Michael Foot represent?
A1: Plymouth Devonport
Q2: What position was Michael Foot noted to occupy in government?
A2: Secretary of State for Education
Q3: What notable piece of legislation did Michael Foot contribute to?
A3: 1974 Health and Safety at Work Act
Q4: What party did Michael Foot become a leader of?
A4: Labour
Q5: In what town was Michael Foot born?
A5: Plymouth
Universal_Studios (Media and drama)

In 1945, the British entrepreneur J. Arthur Rank, hoping to expand his American presence, bought into a four-way merger with Universal, the independent company International Pictures, and producer Kenneth Young. The new combine, United World Pictures, was a failure and was dissolved within one year. Rank and International remained interested in Universal, however, culminating in the studio's reorganization as Universal-International. William Goetz, a founder of International, was made head of production at the renamed Universal-International Pictures Inc., which also served as an import-export subsidiary, and copyright holder for the production arm's films. Goetz, a son-in-law of Louis B. Mayer decided to bring "prestige" to the new company. He stopped the studio's low-budget production of B movies, serials and curtailed Universal's horror and "Arabian Nights" cycles. Distribution and copyright control remained under the name of Universal Pictures Company Inc.

Q1: In what year was United World Pictures founded?
A1: 1945
Q2: What producer was involved in the founding of United World Pictures?
A2: Kenneth Young
Q3: How long did United World Pictures last?
A3: one year
Q4: Who was the head of production at Universal-International Pictures?
A4: William Goetz
Q5: Who was William Goetz's father-in-law?
A5: Louis B. Mayer