LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Alps (Geography and places)

High levels of precipitation cause the glaciers to descend to permafrost levels in some areas whereas in other, more arid regions, glaciers remain above about the 3,500 m (11,483 ft) level. The 1,817 square kilometres (702 sq mi) of the Alps covered by glaciers in 1876 had shrunk to 1,342 km2 (518 sq mi) by 1973, resulting in decreased river run-off levels. Forty percent of the glaciation in Austria has disappeared since 1850, and 30% of that in Switzerland.

Q1: What cause the glaciers to descend to permafrost levels in some areas? 
A1: High levels of precipitation
Q2: From 1876 to 1973, how much did the glaciers that covered the Alps shrink?
A2: to 1,342 km2 (518 sq mi)
Q3: What resulted from the loss of the area the glaciers over the Alps?
A3: decreased river run-off levels.
Q4: How much of the glaciation in Austria disappeared?
A4: Forty percent
Q5: How much of the glaciation disappeared in Switzerland?
A5: 30%
Neoclassical_architecture (Art and architecture)

High neoclassicism was an international movement. Though neoclassical architecture employed the same classical vocabulary as Late Baroque architecture, it tended to emphasize its planar qualities, rather than sculptural volumes. Projections and recessions and their effects of light and shade were more flat; sculptural bas-reliefs were flatter and tended to be enframed in friezes, tablets or panels. Its clearly articulated individual features were isolated rather than interpenetrating, autonomous and complete in themselves.

Q1: What other architecture style did neoclassical share similarities and vocabulary?
A1: Late Baroque architecture
Q2: What qualities were more emphasized in neoclassical versus Baroque?
A2: planar qualities, rather than sculptural volumes
Q3: In addition to being flatter, how were individual features handled with neoclasic?
A3: isolated rather than interpenetrating
Q4: How broad was the reach of high neoclassicism?
A4: international movement
Exhibition_game (Sports and recreation)

High school football teams frequently participate in controlled scrimmages with other teams during preseason practice, but exhibition games are rare because of league rules and concerns about finances, travel and player injuries, along with enrollments not being registered until the early part of August in most school districts under the traditional September–June academic term. A more common exhibition is the high school football all-star game, which brings together top players from a region. These games are typically played by graduating seniors during the summer or at the end of the season. Many of these games, which include the U.S. Army All-American Bowl and Under Armour All-America Game, are used as showcases for players to be seen by colleges.

Q1: When is the usual high school academic term?
A1: September–June
Q2: What is the most common type of high school football exhibition game?
A2: all-star
Q3: What year of players are in high school football all-star games?
A3: graduating seniors
Q4: What are two examples of high school football all-star games?
A4: U.S. Army All-American Bowl and Under Armour All-America Game
Q5: What do high school all-star players hope to be seen by?
A5: colleges
Videoconferencing (History)

High speed Internet connectivity has become more widely available at a reasonable cost and the cost of video capture and display technology has decreased. Consequently, personal videoconferencing systems based on a webcam, personal computer system, software compression and broadband Internet connectivity have become affordable to the general public. Also, the hardware used for this technology has continued to improve in quality, and prices have dropped dramatically. The availability of freeware (often as part of chat programs) has made software based videoconferencing accessible to many.

Q1: What technology has become more widely available and affordable?
A1: High speed Internet connectivity
Q2: What is an example of a personal videoconferencing system tool?
A2: webcam
Q3: What has made videoconferencing accessible to many?
A3: The availability of freeware
Q4: Videoconferencing freeware is widely available in what programs?
A4: chat programs
Ann_Arbor,_Michigan (History)

High tech companies have located in the area since the 1930s, when International Radio Corporation introduced the first mass-produced AC/DC radio (the Kadette, in 1931) as well as the first pocket radio (the Kadette Jr., in 1933). The Argus camera company, originally a subsidiary of International Radio, manufactured cameras in Ann Arbor from 1936 to the 1960s. Current firms include Arbor Networks (provider of Internet traffic engineering and security systems), Arbortext (provider of XML-based publishing software), JSTOR (the digital scholarly journal archive), MediaSpan (provider of software and online services for the media industries), Truven Health Analytics, and ProQuest, which includes UMI. Ann Arbor Terminals manufactured a video-display terminal called the Ann Arbor Ambassador during the 1980s. Barracuda Networks, which provides networking, security, and storage products based on network appliances and cloud services, opened an engineering office in Ann Arbor in 2008 on Depot St. and recently announced it will move downtown to occupy the building previously used as the Borders headquarters.

Q1: Which company manufactured cameras in Ann Arbor from 1936 to 1960's?
A1: Argus camera company
Q2: Which network company opened up in 2008 providing security, storage & networking?
A2: Barracuda Networks
Q3: International Radio introduced which mass produced product from the city of Ann Arbor?
A3: AC/DC radio
Infrared (Natural sciences)

High, cold ice clouds such as Cirrus or Cumulonimbus show up bright white, lower warmer clouds such as Stratus or Stratocumulus show up as grey with intermediate clouds shaded accordingly. Hot land surfaces will show up as dark-grey or black. One disadvantage of infrared imagery is that low cloud such as stratus or fog can be a similar temperature to the surrounding land or sea surface and does not show up. However, using the difference in brightness of the IR4 channel (10.3–11.5 µm) and the near-infrared channel (1.58–1.64 µm), low cloud can be distinguished, producing a fog satellite picture. The main advantage of infrared is that images can be produced at night, allowing a continuous sequence of weather to be studied.

Q1: Along with Cirrus, what types of clouds are cold and high?
A1: Cumulonimbus
Q2: What color do Cirrus clouds appear in infrared?
A2: white
Q3: Along with Stratus, what clouds are lower and warmer?
A3: Stratocumulus
Q4: What color are Strarus clouds in infrared?
A4: grey
Q5: What is the range of the near-infrared channel in micrometers?
A5: 1.58–1.64
Neptune (Natural sciences)

High-altitude clouds on Neptune have been observed casting shadows on the opaque cloud deck below. There are also high-altitude cloud bands that wrap around the planet at constant latitude. These circumferential bands have widths of 50–150 km and lie about 50–110 km above the cloud deck. These altitudes are in the layer where weather occurs, the troposphere. Weather does not occur in the higher stratosphere or thermosphere. Unlike Uranus, Neptune's composition has a higher volume of ocean, whereas Uranus has a smaller mantle.

Q1: On Neptune, which clouds cast shadows on the cloud deck below it? 
A1: High-altitude clouds
Q2: What are the widths of the cloud bands on Neptune? 
A2: 50–150 km
Q3: Where are the high altitude bands of clouds on Neptune? 
A3: 50–110 km above the cloud deck.
Q4: Where on Neptune does weather not occur? 
A4: higher stratosphere or thermosphere
Q5: What does Neptune have more of compared to Uranus? 
A5: volume of ocean
High-definition_television (Engineering and technology)

High-definition image sources include terrestrial broadcast, direct broadcast satellite, digital cable, IPTV (including GoogleTV Roku boxes and AppleTV or built into "Smart Televisions"), Blu-ray video disc (BD), and internet downloads.

Q1: Roku and AppleTV are examples of what?
A1: IPTV
Q2: Internet downloads, Blu-ray videos, and Apple TV are examples of what?
A2: High-definition image sources
Q3: Terrestrial broadcast and direct broadcast satellite are examples of what?
A3: High-definition image sources
Q4: Digital cable and Roku are examples of what?
A4: High-definition image sources
Antenna_(radio) (Engineering and technology)

High-gain antennas have the advantage of longer range and better signal quality, but must be aimed carefully at the other antenna. An example of a high-gain antenna is a parabolic dish such as a satellite television antenna. Low-gain antennas have shorter range, but the orientation of the antenna is relatively unimportant. An example of a low-gain antenna is the whip antenna found on portable radios and cordless phones. Antenna gain should not be confused with amplifier gain, a separate parameter measuring the increase in signal power due to an amplifying device.

Q1: Antennas with higher gain have what positive feature?
A1: longer range
Q2: Dish network Tv takes example of what type of antenna?
A2: parabolic dish
Q3: What type of antenna would be best if placement was tricky?
A3: Low-gain
Q4: What is a measure of how much efficient is improved by adding a device designed to make something stronger?
A4: amplifier gain
Light-emitting_diode (Engineering and technology)

High-power LEDs (HP-LEDs) or high-output LEDs (HO-LEDs) can be driven at currents from hundreds of mA to more than an ampere, compared with the tens of mA for other LEDs. Some can emit over a thousand lumens. LED power densities up to 300 W/cm2 have been achieved. Since overheating is destructive, the HP-LEDs must be mounted on a heat sink to allow for heat dissipation. If the heat from a HP-LED is not removed, the device will fail in seconds. One HP-LED can often replace an incandescent bulb in a flashlight, or be set in an array to form a powerful LED lamp.

Q1: How many lumens can some high-power LEDs emit?
A1: over a thousand
Q2: Up to how many densities have been achieved with LED power?
A2: 300 W/cm2
Q3: Why must High-power LEDs be mounted on a heat sink?
A3: to allow for heat dissipation
Q4: What will happen if the heat from a high-power LED is not removed?
A4: the device will fail in seconds
Q5: What can one high-power LED replace?
A5: incandescent bulb in a flashlight
USB (Engineering and technology)

High-speed USB 2.0 hubs contain devices called transaction translators that convert between high-speed USB 2.0 buses and full and low speed buses. When a high-speed USB 2.0 hub is plugged into a high-speed USB host or hub, it operates in high-speed mode. The USB hub then uses either one transaction translator per hub to create a full/low-speed bus routed to all full and low speed devices on the hub, or uses one transaction translator per port to create an isolated full/low-speed bus per port on the hub.

Q1: What do transaction translators do?
A1: convert between high-speed USB 2.0 buses and full and low speed buses
Q2: When does a USB 2.0 hub operate in high speed mode?
A2: When a high-speed USB 2.0 hub is plugged into a high-speed USB host or hub
Q3: What kind of devices do High speed USB 2.0's contain?
A3: transaction translators
Railway_electrification_system (Engineering and technology)

High-voltage AC overhead systems are not only for standard gauge national networks. The meter gauge Rhaetian Railway (RhB) and the neighbouring Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn (MGB) operate on 11 kV at 16.7 Hz frequency. Practice has proven that both Swiss and German 15 kV trains can operate under these lower voltages. The RhB started trials of the 11 kV system in 1913 on the Engadin line (St. Moritz-Scuol/Tarasp). The MGB constituents Furka-Oberalp-Bahn (FO) and Brig-Visp-Zermatt Bahn (BVZ) introduced their electric services in 1941 and 1929 respectively, adopting the already proven RhB system.

Q1: How did non-standard gauge trains start to operate with high-voltage AC?
A1: adopting the already proven RhB system.
Q2: When was the first trail of RhB system tested?
A2: 1913
Arsenal_F.C. (Sports and recreation)

Highbury could hold more than 60,000 spectators at its peak, and had a capacity of 57,000 until the early 1990s. The Taylor Report and Premier League regulations obliged Arsenal to convert Highbury to an all-seater stadium in time for the 1993–94 season, thus reducing the capacity to 38,419 seated spectators. This capacity had to be reduced further during Champions League matches to accommodate additional advertising boards, so much so that for two seasons, from 1998 to 2000, Arsenal played Champions League home matches at Wembley, which could house more than 70,000 spectators.

Q1: What was the most people that Highbury stadium could host?
A1: 60,000
Q2: When did League regulations make Arsenal reduce the seating in Highbury?
A2: 1993–94 season
Q3: Where did Arsenal play matches because of increased seating capacity?
A3: Wembley
Q4: During what time did Arsenal play at Wembley?
A4: 1998 to 2000
Q5: What seating capacity did Wembley offer that have to lure Arsenal to play there?
A5: 70,000
Institute_of_technology (Engineering and technology)

Higher education systems, that are influenced by the French education system set at the end of the 18th century, use a terminology derived by reference to the French École polytechnique. Such terms include Écoles Polytechniques (Algeria, Belgium, Canada, France, Switzerland, Tunisia), Escola Politécnica (Brasil, Spain), Polytechnicum (Eastern Europe).

Q1: In Eastern Europe, what is the word for an institute of technology?
A1: Polytechnicum
Q2: What century in France's history included the French École polytechnique that influenced education systems in other countries?
A2: 18th
Q3: What term in Brasil and Spain refers to a polytechnic institute?
A3: Escola Politécnica
Education (Philosophy and religion)

Higher education, also called tertiary, third stage, or postsecondary education, is the non-compulsory educational level that follows the completion of a school such as a high school or secondary school. Tertiary education is normally taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational education and training. Colleges and universities mainly provide tertiary education. Collectively, these are sometimes known as tertiary institutions. Individuals who complete tertiary education generally receive certificates, diplomas, or academic degrees.

Q1: What was another name used for Higher Education?
A1: tertiary, third stage, or postsecondary education
Q2: What is High Education?
A2: follows the completion of a school such as a high school
Q3: What does Tertiary education include?
A3: undergraduate and postgraduate education
Genocide (History)

Highlighting the potential for state and non-state actors to commit genocide in the 21st century, for example, in failed states or as non-state actors acquire weapons of mass destruction, Adrian Gallagher defined genocide as 'When a source of collective power (usually a state) intentionally uses its power base to implement a process of destruction in order to destroy a group (as defined by the perpetrator), in whole or in substantial part, dependent upon relative group size'. The definition upholds the centrality of intent, the multidimensional understanding of destroy, broadens the definition of group identity beyond that of the 1948 definition yet argues that a substantial part of a group has to be destroyed before it can be classified as genocide (dependent on relative group size).

Q1: In terms of failed states and non-state actors, the possession of weapons of mass destruction was an issue examined by which writer?
A1: Adrian Gallagher
Q2: In Gallagher's definition of genocide, a source of what is malicious in it implementation of the destruction of a group? 
A2: collective power
Q3: Gallagher's definition upholds the centrality of what?
A3: intent
Q4: The centrality of intent broadens what definition, beyond the 1948 one?
A4: group identity
Q5: In order for a genocide classification to happen, a major part of a group has to be what?
A5: destroyed
Himachal_Pradesh (Social sciences and society)

Himachal Pradesh is famous for its abundant natural beauty. After the war between Nepal and Britain, also known as the Anglo-Gorkha War (1814–1816), the British colonial government came into power and the land now comprising Himachal Pradesh became part of the Punjab Province of British India. In 1950, Himachal was declared a union territory, but after the State of Himachal Pradesh Act 1971, Himachal emerged as the 18th state of the Republic of India. Hima means snow in Sanskrit, and the literal meaning of the state's name is "In the lap of Himalayas". It was named by Acharya Diwakar Datt Sharma, one of the great Sanskrit scholars of Himachal Pradesh.

Q1: Who is famous for natural beauty?
A1: Himachal Pradesh
Q2: What years was the Anglo-Gorkha War?
A2: 1814–1816
Q3: What does HIma mean in Sanskirt?
A3: snow
Q4: What is the literal meaning of Himachal Pradesh?
A4: In the lap of Himalayas
Q5: Who was one of the great sanskirt scholars of Himachal Pradesh?
A5: Acharya Diwakar Datt Sharma
Himachal_Pradesh (Social sciences and society)

Himachal Pradesh is governed through a parliamentary system of representative democracy, a feature the state shares with other Indian states. Universal suffrage is granted to residents. The legislature consists of elected members and special office bearers such as the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker who are elected by the members. Assembly meetings are presided over by the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker in the Speaker's absence. The judiciary is composed of the Himachal Pradesh High Court and a system of lower courts. Executive authority is vested in the Council of Ministers headed by the Chief Minister, although the titular head of government is the Governor. The Governor is the head of state appointed by the President of India. The leader of the party or coalition with a majority in the Legislative Assembly is appointed as the Chief Minister by the Governor, and the Council of Ministers are appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister. The Council of Ministers reports to the Legislative Assembly. The Assembly is unicameral with 68 Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLA). Terms of office run for 5 years, unless the Assembly is dissolved prior to the completion of the term. Auxiliary authorities known as panchayats, for which local body elections are regularly held, govern local affairs.

Q1: What does the Himachal legislature consist of?
A1: elected members and special office bearers such as the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker who are elected by the members
Q2: Who presides over meetings?
A2: the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker in the Speaker's absence
Q3: Who is the Judiciary system made up of?
A3: Himachal Pradesh High Court and a system of lower courts.
Q4: Who is the head of state appointed by the President of India?
A4: The Governor
Q5: How long are the terms of office?
A5: 5 years, unless the Assembly is dissolved prior to the completion of the term
Himachal_Pradesh (Social sciences and society)

Himachal Pradesh is spread across valleys, and 90% of the population lives in villages and towns. However, the state has achieved 100% hygiene and practically no single house is without a toilet. The villages are well connected to roads, public health centers, and now with Lokmitra kendra using high-speed broadband. Shimla district has maximum urban population of 25%. According to a 2005 Transparency International survey, Himachal Pradesh is ranked the second-least corrupt state in the country after Kerala. The hill stations of the state are among the most visited places in the country. The government has successfully imposed environmental protection and tourism development, meeting European standards, and it is the only state which forbids the use of polyethylene and tobacco products.[citation needed]

Q1: Where do 90% of the population live in Himachal Pradesh?
A1: villages and towns
Q2: No single house is without?
A2: a toilet
Q3: What are the villages well connected to?
A3: roads, public health centers, and now with Lokmitra kendra using high-speed broadband
Q4: What is Himachal Pradesh rank according to the 2005 Transparency international survey?
A4: second-least corrupt state in the country after Kerala
Q5: What are the most visited places in the country?
A5: The hill stations
Himachal_Pradesh (Social sciences and society)

Himachal has a rich heritage of handicrafts. These include woolen and pashmina shawls, carpets, silver and metal ware, embroidered chappals, grass shoes, Kangra and Gompa style paintings, wood work, horse-hair bangles, wooden and metal utensils and various other house hold items. These aesthetic and tasteful handicrafts declined under competition from machine made goods and also because of lack of marketing facilities. But now the demand for handicrafts has increased within and outside the country.

Q1: What does Himachal have a rich heritage of?
A1: handicrafts
Q2: What handcrafts do they include?
A2: woolen and pashmina shawls
Q3: Has the demand increased or decreased for handcrafts?
A3: increased
Q4: What declined under competition?
A4: aesthetic and tasteful handicrafts
Q5: Has the demand increased inside or outside the country?
A5: within and outside the country
Himachal_Pradesh (Social sciences and society)

Himachal is extremely rich in hydro electric resources. The state has about 25% of the national potential in this respect. It has been estimated that about 20,300MW of hydro electric power can be generated in the State by constructing various major, medium, small and mini/micro hydel projects on the five river basins. The state is also the first state in India to achieve the goal of having a bank account for every family.[citation needed] As per the current prices, the total GDP was estimated at ₹ 254 billion as against ₹ 230 billion in the year 2004–05, showing an increase of 10.5%. The recent years witnessed quick establishment of International Entrepreneurship. Luxury hotels, food and franchisees of recognised brands e.g. Mc Donalds, KFC and Pizza hut have rapidly spread.

Q1: Himachal is extremely rich in?
A1: hydro electric resources
Q2: Who is the first state in India to have every family have a bank account?
A2: Himachal
Q3: How much hydroelectric power can be generated?
A3: 20,300MW
Q4: What has rapidly spread due to economic increase?
A4: Luxury hotels, food and franchisees of recognised brands e.g. Mc Donalds, KFC and Pizza hut
Q5: What is current GDP estimated at?
A5: ₹ 254 billion
Himachal_Pradesh (Social sciences and society)

Himachal was one of the few states that had remained largely untouched by external customs, largely due to its difficult terrain. With the technological advancements the state has changed very rapidly. It is a multireligional, multicultural as well as multilingual state like other Indian states. Some of the most commonly spoken languages includes Hindi, Pahari, Dogri, Mandeali Kangri, Mandyali, Gojri and Kinnauri. The caste communities residing in Himachal include the Khatri, Brahmins of the Hindu Faith and the Sikh Brahmin Caste Bhatra, Rajputs, Gujjars, Gaddis, Ghirth (choudhary), Kannets, Rathis and Kolis, Sood There are tribal populations in the state which mainly comprise Kinnars, Pangawals, Sulehria, and Lahaulis.The people Of Himachal Pradesh are very simple and live a traditional ´Pahari' lifestyle.

Q1: Who was largely untouched by external customs?
A1: Himachal
Q2: What has made the state change very rapidly?
A2: technological advancements
Q3: Himachal is?
A3: multireligional, multicultural as well as multilingual state like other Indian states
Q4: What are the common languages spoken?
A4: Hindi, Pahari, Dogri, Mandeali Kangri, Mandyali, Gojri and Kinnauri
Q5: Who makes up the tribal populations?
A5: Kinnars, Pangawals, Sulehria, and Lahaulis