LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Dell (History)

Dell's reputation for poor customer service, since 2002, which was exacerbated as it moved call centres offshore and as its growth outstripped its technical support infrastructure, came under increasing scrutiny on the Web. The original Dell model was known for high customer satisfaction when PCs sold for thousands but by the 2000s, the company could not justify that level of service when computers in the same lineup sold for hundreds. Rollins responded by shifting Dick Hunter from head of manufacturing to head of customer service. Hunter, who noted that Dell's DNA of cost-cutting "got in the way," aimed to reduce call transfer times and have call center representatives resolve inquiries in one call. By 2006, Dell had spent $100 million in just a few months to improve on this, and rolled out DellConnect to answer customer inquiries more quickly. In July 2006, the company started its Direct2Dell blog, and then in February 2007, Michael Dell launched IdeaStorm.com, asking customers for advice including selling Linux computers and reducing the promotional "bloatware" on PCs. These initiatives did manage to cut the negative blog posts from 49% to 22%, as well as reduce the "Dell Hell" prominent on Internet search engines.

Q1: What did Dell have a poor reputation for?
A1: customer service
Q2: Where did Dell move its call centers?
A2: offshore
Q3: Which Dell employee was moved from head of manufacturing to head of customer service?
A3: Dick Hunter
Q4: How much had Dell spent by 2006 on improving customer service?
A4: $100 million
Qing_dynasty (History)

Demand in Europe for Chinese goods such as silk, tea, and ceramics could only be met if European companies funneled their limited supplies of silver into China. In the late 1700s, the governments of Britain and France were deeply concerned about the imbalance of trade and the drain of silver. To meet the growing Chinese demand for opium, the British East India Company greatly expanded its production in Bengal. Since China's economy was essentially self-sufficient, the country had little need to import goods or raw materials from the Europeans, so the usual way of payment was through silver. The Daoguang Emperor, concerned both over the outflow of silver and the damage that opium smoking was causing to his subjects, ordered Lin Zexu to end the opium trade. Lin confiscated the stocks of opium without compensation in 1839, leading Britain to send a military expedition the following year.

Q1: What products from China did Europeans want?
A1: silk, tea, and ceramics
Q2: What did the Chinese want in return?
A2: silver
Q3: What were the British and French concerned about?
A3: imbalance of trade and the drain of silver
Q4: What else did the Chinese want from the British?
A4: opium
Q5: Where was opium made?
A5: Bengal
Protestantism (Philosophy and religion)

Democracy, social-contract theory, separation of powers, religious freedom, separation of church and state – these achievements of the Reformation and early Protestantism were elaborated on and popularized by Enlightenment thinkers. Some of the philosophers of the English, Scottish, German, and Swiss Enlightenment - Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, John Toland, David Hume, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Christian Wolff, Immanuel Kant, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau - had Protestant backgrounds. For example, John Locke, whose political thought was based on "a set of Protestant Christian assumptions", derived the equality of all humans, including the equality of the genders ("Adam and Eve"), from Genesis 1, 26-28. As all persons were created equally free, all governments needed "the consent of the governed." These Lockean ideas were fundamental to the United States Declaration of Independence, which also deduced human rights from the biblical belief in creation: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness."

Q1: What group popularized early Protestant teachings about separation of church and state?
A1: Enlightenment thinkers
Q2: What did John Locke use as a basis for his political beliefs?
A2: a set of Protestant Christian assumptions
Q3: Whose ideas influenced the Declaration of Independence?
A3: John Locke
Q4: What Rights do the Declaration of Independence consider unalienable?
A4: Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness
Q5: What scripture did Locke use as a reference for equality?
A5: Genesis 1, 26-28
New_York_City (Geography and places)

Democratic Party candidates were consistently elected to local office, increasing the city's ties to the South and its dominant party. In 1861, Mayor Fernando Wood called on the aldermen to declare independence from Albany and the United States after the South seceded, but his proposal was not acted on. Anger at new military conscription laws during the American Civil War (1861–1865), which spared wealthier men who could afford to pay a $300 (equivalent to $5,766 in 2016) commutation fee to hire a substitute, led to the Draft Riots of 1863, whose most visible participants were ethnic Irish working class. The situation deteriorated into attacks on New York's elite, followed by attacks on black New Yorkers and their property after fierce competition for a decade between Irish immigrants and blacks for work. Rioters burned the Colored Orphan Asylum to the ground, but more than 200 children escaped harm due to efforts of the New York City Police Department, which was mainly made up of Irish immigrants. According to historian James M. McPherson (2001), at least 120 people were killed. In all, eleven black men were lynched over five days, and the riots forced hundreds of blacks to flee the city for Williamsburg, Brooklyn, as well as New Jersey; the black population in Manhattan fell below 10,000 by 1865, which it had last been in 1820. The white working class had established dominance. Violence by longshoremen against black men was especially fierce in the docks area. It was one of the worst incidents of civil unrest in American history.

Q1: Who was the mayor of New York City in 1861? 
A1: Fernando Wood
Q2: What was the commutation fee to avoid being conscripted during the American Civil War?
A2: $300
Q3: People of what ethnicity most visibly participated in the Draft Riots of 1863?
A3: Irish
Q4: About how many people died during the Draft Riots of 1863?
A4: 120
Q5: What was the approximate African-American population of New York City in 1865?
A5: 10,000
Q6: The Draft Riots caused which building to burn down in 1863?
A6: Colored Orphan Asylum
North_Carolina (Geography and places)

Democrats were elected to the legislature and governor's office, but the Populists attracted voters displeased with them. In 1896 a biracial, Populist-Republican Fusionist coalition gained the governor's office. The Democrats regained control of the legislature in 1896 and passed laws to impose Jim Crow and racial segregation of public facilities. Voters of North Carolina's 2nd congressional district elected a total of four African-American congressmen through these years of the late 19th century.

Q1: What political party was elected to the legislature and Governors office?
A1: Democrats
Q2: What political group attracted voters displeased with Democrats?
A2: Populists
Q3: What year did a biracial Populist fusion gain the Governors office?
A3: 1896
Q4: What year did the Democrats regain control of the governors office from the biracial Populists?
A4: 1896
Q5: In the 19th century, how many african american congressmen were elected?
A5: four
Computer_security (Engineering and technology)

Denial of service attacks are designed to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users. Attackers can deny service to individual victims, such as by deliberately entering a wrong password enough consecutive times to cause the victim account to be locked, or they may overload the capabilities of a machine or network and block all users at once. While a network attack from a single IP address can be blocked by adding a new firewall rule, many forms of Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks are possible, where the attack comes from a large number of points – and defending is much more difficult. Such attacks can originate from the zombie computers of a botnet, but a range of other techniques are possible including reflection and amplification attacks, where innocent systems are fooled into sending traffic to the victim.

Q1: What are attacks designed to make a machine or network unavailable to its intended users?
A1: Denial of service attacks
Q2: What does deliberately entering the wrong password enough consecutive times cause?
A2: the victim account to be locked
Q3: What are attacks where innocent systems are fooled into sending traffic to the victom called?
A3: reflection and amplification attacks
Q4: What does DDoS stand for?
A4: Distributed denial of service
Q5: How can a network attack from a single IP address be blocked?
A5: by adding a new firewall rule
Department_store (Social sciences and society)

Department stores today have sections that sell the following: clothing, furniture, home appliances, toys, cosmetics, gardening, toiletries, sporting goods, do it yourself, paint, and hardware and additionally select other lines of products such as food, books, jewelry, electronics, stationery, photographic equipment, baby products, and products for pets. Customers check out near the front of the store or, alternatively, at sales counters within each department. Some are part of a retail chain of many stores, while others may be independent retailers. In the 1970s, they came under heavy pressure from discounters. Since 2010, they have come under even heavier pressure from online stores such as Amazon.

Q1: What sorts of departments might one see in a major department store?
A1: clothing, furniture, home appliances, toys, cosmetics, gardening, toiletries, sporting goods
Q2: Who started influencing department stores in the 1970's? 
A2: discounters
Q3: What has begun pressuring department stores in more recent years?
A3: online stores such as Amazon.
Q4: Other than at the check-out lanes at the front of a store, where may customers check out?
A4: at sales counters within each department.
Pharmaceutical_industry (Natural sciences)

Depending on a number of considerations, a company may apply for and be granted a patent for the drug, or the process of producing the drug, granting exclusivity rights typically for about 20 years. However, only after rigorous study and testing, which takes 10 to 15 years on average, will governmental authorities grant permission for the company to market and sell the drug. Patent protection enables the owner of the patent to recover the costs of research and development through high profit margins for the branded drug. When the patent protection for the drug expires, a generic drug is usually developed and sold by a competing company. The development and approval of generics is less expensive, allowing them to be sold at a lower price. Often the owner of the branded drug will introduce a generic version before the patent expires in order to get a head start in the generic market. Restructuring has therefore become routine, driven by the patent expiration of products launched during the industry's "golden era" in the 1990s and companies' failure to develop sufficient new blockbuster products to replace lost revenues.

Q1: How long do drug exclusivity rights usually last?
A1: 20 years
Q2: Governments grant permission to market drugs after how many years?
A2: 10 to 15 years on average
Q3: What enables a drug's owner to recover R&D costs?
A3: Patent protection
Q4: What kind of drug is produced by competitors once a patent expires?
A4: generic
Q5: What decade was the pharmaceutical industry's "golden era"?
A5: 1990s
Sexual_orientation (Natural sciences)

Depending on which component of sexual orientation is being assessed and referenced, different conclusions can be drawn about the prevalence rate of homosexuality which has real world consequences. Knowing how much of the population is made up of homosexual individuals influences how this population may be seen or treated by the public and government bodies. For example, if homosexual individuals constitute only 1% of the general population they are politically easier to ignore or than if they are known to be a constituency that surpasses most ethnic and ad minority groups. If the number is relatively minor then it is difficult to argue for community based same sex programs and services, mass media inclusion of gay role models, or Gay/Straight Alliances in schools. For this reason, in the 1970s Bruce Voeller, the chair of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force perpetuated a common myth that the prevalence of homosexuality is 10% for the whole population by averaging a 13% number for men and a 7% number for women. Voeller generalized this finding and used it as part of the modern gay rights movement to convince politicians and the public that "we [gays and lesbians] are everywhere".

Q1: What myth did Bruce Voeller perpetuate in the 70's?
A1: that the prevalence of homosexuality is 10% for the whole population
Q2: What were the calculations of this myth?
A2: averaging a 13% number for men and a 7% number for women
Q3: What message did Voeller deliver using this myth?
A3: we [gays and lesbians] are everywhere
Q4: What comes along with defining how much of the population is homosexual?
A4: influences how this population may be seen or treated by the public and government bodies
Q5: What does knowing the sexual population influence?
A5: how this population may be seen or treated by the public and government bodies
Q6: Who was the cahir of the national gay and lesbian task force in the 1970s?
A6: Bruce Voeller
Q7: What myth did Bruce Voeller preserve in the 1970s?
A7: that the prevalence of homosexuality is 10% for the whole population by averaging a 13% number for men and a 7% number for women
Q8: What did Bruce Voeller do with his findings?
A8: used it as part of the modern gay rights movement to convince politicians and the public that "we [gays and lesbians] are everywhere".
Uranium (Natural sciences)

Depleted uranium is also used as a shielding material in some containers used to store and transport radioactive materials. While the metal itself is radioactive, its high density makes it more effective than lead in halting radiation from strong sources such as radium. Other uses of depleted uranium include counterweights for aircraft control surfaces, as ballast for missile re-entry vehicles and as a shielding material. Due to its high density, this material is found in inertial guidance systems and in gyroscopic compasses. Depleted uranium is preferred over similarly dense metals due to its ability to be easily machined and cast as well as its relatively low cost. The main risk of exposure to depleted uranium is chemical poisoning by uranium oxide rather than radioactivity (uranium being only a weak alpha emitter).

Q1: What kind of uranium is sometimes used to shield radioactive materials in containers?
A1: Depleted
Q2: What is a strong source of radiation that is blocked by depleted uranium?
A2: radium
Q3: How is depleted uranium used in missile re-entry vehicles?
A3: ballast
Q4: What trait causes depleted uranium to be used in gyroscopic compasses?
A4: high density
Q5: What type of alpha emitter is uranium?
A5: weak
Middle_Ages (History)

Depopulation, deurbanisation, invasion, and movement of peoples, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages. The barbarian invaders, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—once part of the Eastern Roman Empire—came under the rule of the Caliphate, an Islamic empire, after conquest by Muhammad's successors. Although there were substantial changes in society and political structures, the break with Antiquity was not complete. The still-sizeable Byzantine Empire survived in the east and remained a major power. The empire's law code, the Code of Justinian, was rediscovered in Northern Italy in 1070 and became widely admired later in the Middle Ages. In the West, most kingdoms incorporated the few extant Roman institutions. Monasteries were founded as campaigns to Christianise pagan Europe continued. The Franks, under the Carolingian dynasty, briefly established the Carolingian Empire during the later 8th and early 9th century. It covered much of Western Europe, but later succumbed to the pressures of internal civil wars combined with external invasions—Vikings from the north, Magyars from the east, and Saracens from the south.

Q1: Along with the movement of peoples, invasion and depopulation, what event started in Late Antiquity and continued into the Middle Ages?
A1: deurbanisation
Q2: In what state did barbarian invaders establish kingdoms?
A2: the Western Roman Empire
Q3: What empire was North Africa previously a part of?
A3: the Eastern Roman Empire
Q4: In what century did the Caliphate conquer North Africa?
A4: 7th
Q5: In what year did Italians discover the Code of Justinian?
A5: 1070
House_music (Music)

Derrick May a.k.a. "MAYDAY" and Thomas Barnett released "Nude Photo" in 1987 on May's label "Transmat Records", which helped kickstart the Detroit techno music scene and was put in heavy rotation on Chicago's Hot Mix 5 Radio DJ mix show and in many Chicago clubs.[citation needed] A year later, Transmat released what was to become one of techno and house music's classic anthems – the seminal track "Strings of Life". Transmat Records went on to have many more successful releases[citation needed] such as 1988's "Wiggin". As well, Derrick May had successful[citation needed] releases on Kool Kat Records and many remixes for a host of underground and mainstream recording artist.

Q1: What was the real name of the artist Mayday?
A1: Derrick May
Q2: Mayday and Thomas Barnett released what hit in 1987?
A2: "Nude Photo"
Q3: what was the name of Mayday's record label?
A3: Transmat Records
Q4: what year was the hit song "wiggin" released?
A4: 1988
Q5: what label did Derrick May have successful releases on after his own?
A5: Kool Kat Records
Beyoncé (Music)

Described as being "sexy, seductive and provocative" when performing on stage, Beyoncé has said that she originally created the alter ego "Sasha Fierce" to keep that stage persona separate from who she really is. She described Sasha as being "too aggressive, too strong, too sassy [and] too sexy", stating, "I'm not like her in real life at all." Sasha was conceived during the making of "Crazy in Love", and Beyoncé introduced her with the release of her 2008 album I Am... Sasha Fierce. In February 2010, she announced in an interview with Allure magazine that she was comfortable enough with herself to no longer need Sasha Fierce. However, Beyoncé announced in May 2012 that she would bring her back for her Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live shows later that month.

Q1: Beyonce self proclaimed alter ego is named what?
A1: Sasha Fierce
Q2: Her alter ego was born when according to Beyonce?
A2: making of "Crazy in Love"
Q3: What year did Beyonce do away with Sasha Fierce?
A3: 2010
Q4: Beyonce brought back Sasha Fierce during which event?
A4: Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live
Q5: How does she describe Sasha?
A5: too aggressive, too strong
Q6: Later what did she say about Sasha?
A6: she would bring her back
Q7: What is the name of Beyoncé's alter ego?
A7: Sasha Fierce.
Q8: When did Beyoncé introduce Sasha Fierce?
A8: 2008
Q9: Sasha Fierce was created during the making of what song?
A9: Crazy in Love
Q10: Who did Beyoncé tell in February 2010 that Sasha Fierce was no longer needed?
A10: Allure magazine
Kanye_West (Music)

Describing his sixth studio album Yeezus (2013) as "a protest to music," West embraced an abrasive style that incorporated industrial music, acid house, dancehall, punk, electro, and Chicago drill. Inspired by the minimalist design of Le Corbusier and primarily electronic in nature, the album features distorted drum machines and "synthesizers that sound like they're malfunctioning, low-resolution samplers that add a pixelated digital aura to the most analog sounds." To this end, the album incorporates glitches reminiscent of CD skips or corrupted MP3's, and Auto-Tuned vocals are modulated to a point in which they are difficult to decipher. It also continues West's practice of eclectic samples: he employs a sample of Nina Simone's "Strange Fruit," an obscure Hindi sample on "I Am a God", and a sample of 1970s Hungarian rock group Omega on "New Slaves". "On Sight" interpolates a melody from "Sermon (He'll Give Us What We Really Need)" by the Holy Name of Mary Choral Family. Rolling Stone called the album a "brilliant, obsessive-compulsive career auto-correct".

Q1: What did Kanye state that Yeezus was?
A1: a protest to music
Q2: What artist did Kanye draw inspiration from when crafting Yeezus?
A2: Le Corbusier
Q3: In what year was Kanye West's sixth album released?
A3: 2013
Q4: What was the title of Kanye's sixth album?
A4: Yeezus
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System (Video games)

Designed by Masayuki Uemura, the designer of the original Famicom, the Super Famicom was released in Japan on Wednesday, November 21, 1990 for ¥25,000 (US$210). It was an instant success; Nintendo's initial shipment of 300,000 units sold out within hours, and the resulting social disturbance led the Japanese government to ask video game manufacturers to schedule future console releases on weekends. The system's release also gained the attention of the Yakuza, leading to a decision to ship the devices at night to avoid robbery.

Q1: Who designed both the NES and SNES?
A1: Masayuki Uemura
Q2: How much in yen did the Super Famicom cost in Japan?
A2: ¥25,000
Q3: How much in dollars did the Super Famicom cost in Japan?
A3: US$210
Q4: How many Super Famicoms were produced in the first run?
A4: 300,000
Q5: What criminal group plotted to steal Super Famicoms?
A5: the Yakuza
Computer_security (Engineering and technology)

Desktop computers and laptops are commonly infected with malware either to gather passwords or financial account information, or to construct a botnet to attack another target. Smart phones, tablet computers, smart watches, and other mobile devices such as Quantified Self devices like activity trackers have also become targets and many of these have sensors such as cameras, microphones, GPS receivers, compasses, and accelerometers which could be exploited, and may collect personal information, including sensitive health information. Wifi, Bluetooth, and cell phone network on any of these devices could be used as attack vectors, and sensors might be remotely activated after a successful breach.

Q1: What are desktop computers and laptops commonly infected with?
A1: malware
Q2: Constructing a botnet to attack another target is an example of the activity of what?
A2: malware
Q3: Activity trackers are an example of what?
A3: Quantified Self devices
Q4: What could wifi, bluetooth, and cellphone network on devices be used as?
A4: attack vectors
Q5: What could be remotely activated after a sucessful breach?
A5: sensors