LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Post-punk (Music)

At the turn of the 21st century, a post-punk revival developed in British and American alternative and indie rock, which soon started appearing in other countries, as well. The earliest sign of a revival was the emergence of various underground bands in the mid-'90s. However, the first commercially successful bands – the Strokes, Franz Ferdinand, Interpol, Neils Children and Editors – surfaced in the late 1990s to early 2000s, as did several dance-oriented bands such as the Rapture, Radio 4 and LCD Soundsystem. Additionally, some darker post-punk bands began to appear in the indie music scene in the 2010s, including Cold Cave, She Wants Revenge, Eagulls, the Soft Moon, She Past Away and Light Asylum, who were also affiliated with the darkwave revival, as well as A Place to Bury Strangers, who combined early post-punk and shoegaze. These bands tend to draw a fanbase who are a combination of the indie music subculture, older post-punk fans and the current goth subculture. In the 2010s, Savages played a music reminiscent of early British post-punk bands of the late '70s.

Q1: When did a post-punk revival start happening in England and the Colonies?
A1: turn of the 21st century
Q2: What early sign heralded the post-punk revival?
A2: emergence of various underground bands
Q3: When did some of the darker post-punk bands start to appear in the indie scene?
A3: the 2010s
Q4: The post-punk revival bands bring in a fanbase from what subculture?
A4: indie music
Q5: What band played music similar to that of the early British post-punk bands of the late '70s as recently as 2010?
A5: Savages
Q6: When was the post-punk revival in British and American cultures?
A6: turn of the 21st century
Q7: What was the earliest sign of the post-punk revival?
A7: emergence of various underground bands in the mid-'90s
Q8: Who were the most commercially successful bands of the post-punk revival?
A8: the Strokes, Franz Ferdinand, Interpol, Neils Children and Editors
Q9: When did the commercially successful post-punk bands begin to hit the scene?
A9: late 1990s to early 2000s
Q10: Which dark post-punk bands began to emmerge in the indie scene?
A10: Cold Cave, She Wants Revenge, Eagulls, the Soft Moon, She Past Away and Light Asylum
Mandolin (Music)

At the very end of the 19th century, a new style, with a carved top and back construction inspired by violin family instruments began to supplant the European-style bowl-back instruments in the United States. This new style is credited to mandolins designed and built by Orville Gibson, a Kalamazoo, Michigan luthier who founded the "Gibson Mandolin-Guitar Manufacturing Co., Limited" in 1902. Gibson mandolins evolved into two basic styles: the Florentine or F-style, which has a decorative scroll near the neck, two points on the lower body and usually a scroll carved into the headstock; and the A-style, which is pear shaped, has no points and usually has a simpler headstock.

Q1: When was a new sytle of carved top and back construction mandolins created?
A1: end of the 19th century
Q2: What was the new sytle of mandolins inspired from?
A2: violin family instruments
Q3: What sytle did the new style of mandolins supplant?
A3: European-style bowl-back
Q4: Who founded the Gibson Mandolin-Guitar Manufacturing Co, Limited? 
A4: Orville Gibson
Alps (Geography and places)

At these higher altitudes, the plants tend to form isolated cushions. In the Alps, several species of flowering plants have been recorded above 4,000 m (13,120 ft), including Ranunculus glacialis, Androsace alpina and Saxifraga biflora. The Eritrichium nanum, commonly known as the King of the Alps, is the most elusive of the alpine flowers, growing on rocky ridges at 2,600 to 3,750 m (8,530 to 12,303 ft). Perhaps the best known of the alpine plants is the Edelweiss which grows in rocky areas and can be found at altitudes as low as 1,400 m (4,593 ft) and as high as 3,400 m (11,155 ft). The plants that grow at the highest altitudes have adapted to conditions by specialization such as growing in rock screes that give protection from winds.

Q1: What do the plants tend to form at higher altitudes? 
A1: isolated cushions
Q2: Ranunculus glacialis have been recorded to have been found how far in the alps?
A2: above 4,000 m
Q3: What is Eritrichium nanum commonly known as?
A3: the King of the Alps
Q4: What is the best known of the alpine plants?
A4: Edelweiss
Edmund_Burke (History)

At this point, Fox whispered that there was "no loss of friendship". "I regret to say there is", Burke replied, "I have indeed made a great sacrifice; I have done my duty though I have lost my friend. There is something in the detested French constitution that envenoms every thing it touches". This provoked a reply from Fox, yet he was unable to give his speech for some time since he was overcome with tears and emotion, he appealed to Burke to remember their inalienable friendship, but also repeated his criticisms of Burke and uttered "unusually bitter sarcasms". This only aggravated the rupture between the two men. Burke demonstrated his separation from the party on 5 June 1791 by writing to Fitzwilliam, declining money from him.

Q1: When did Burke leave the Whig party?
A1: 5 June 1791
Q2: Who did Burke turn down money from?
A2: Fitzwilliam
Q3: What did Burke say 'envenoms everything it touches'?
A3: French constitution
Q4: Who thought that Fox and Burke could still be friends?
A4: Fox
Q5: Who thought that Fox and Burke's friendship was lost?
A5: Burke
East_India_Company (History)

At this time, Britain and France became bitter rivals. Frequent skirmishes between them took place for control of colonial possessions. In 1742, fearing the monetary consequences of a war, the British government agreed to extend the deadline for the licensed exclusive trade by the company in India until 1783, in return for a further loan of £1 million. Between 1756 and 1763, the Seven Years' War diverted the state's attention towards consolidation and defence of its territorial possessions in Europe and its colonies in North America.

Q1: The British Government agrree to extend the licensed for the company in India until 1793 for how much money
A1: £1 million
Q2: What was the big fear that brought the British government to extend the deadline for the trade license for the company?
A2: monetary consequences of a war
Q3: What was the name of the  war that lasted from 1756 to 1763?
A3: Seven Years' War
Q4: The seven years' war  changed the British state focus from trade to protecting  europe and defending  which colonies?
A4: colonies in North America
Q5: in what year did the Seven years' war
A5: 1763
Universal_Studios (Media and drama)

At this time, Hal B. Wallis, who had latterly worked as a major producer at Paramount, moved over to Universal, where he produced several films, among them a lavish version of Maxwell Anderson's Anne of the Thousand Days (1969), and the equally lavish Mary, Queen of Scots (1971). Though neither could claim to be a big financial hit, both films received Academy Award nominations, and Anne was nominated for Best Picture, Best Actor (Richard Burton), Best Actress (Geneviève Bujold), and Best Supporting Actor (Anthony Quayle). Wallis retired from Universal after making the film Rooster Cogburn (1975), a sequel to True Grit (1969), which Wallis had produced at Paramount. Rooster Cogburn co-starred John Wayne, reprising his Oscar-winning role from the earlier film, and Katharine Hepburn, their only film together. The film was only a moderate success.

Q1: Who produced Anne of the Thousand Days?
A1: Hal B. Wallis
Q2: Who wrote the original work that the film version of Anne of the Thousand Days was based on?
A2: Maxwell Anderson
Q3: In what year was the film version of Mary, Queen of Scots made?
A3: 1971
Q4: Whose performance in Anne of the Thousand Days garnered a Best Actor nod?
A4: Richard Burton
Q5: What was the name of the sequel to True Grit produced by Universal?
A5: Rooster Cogburn
Professional_wrestling (Sports and recreation)

At times a character may "turn", altering their face/heel alignment. This may be an abrupt, surprising event, or it may slowly build up over time. It almost always is accomplished with a markable change in behavior on the part of the character. Some turns become defining points in a wrestler's career, as was the case when Hulk Hogan turned heel after being a top face for over a decade. Others may have no noticeable effect on the character's status. If a character repeatedly switches between being a face and heel, this lessens the effect of such turns, and may result in apathy from the audience. Vince McMahon is a good example of having more heel and face turns than anyone in WWE history.

Q1: What might a character do with their persona?
A1: turn
Q2: What did Hulk Hogan become? 
A2: heel
Q3: Who has the most turns in the WWE?
A3: Vince McMahon
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States (History)

At times when a death sentence is affirmed on direct review, it is considered final. Yet, supplemental methods to attack the judgment, though less familiar than a typical appeal, do remain. These supplemental remedies are considered collateral review, that is, an avenue for upsetting judgments that have become otherwise final. Where the prisoner received his death sentence in a state-level trial, as is usually the case, the first step in collateral review is state collateral review. (If the case is a federal death penalty case, it proceeds immediately from direct review to federal habeas corpus.) Although all states have some type of collateral review, the process varies widely from state to state. Generally, the purpose of these collateral proceedings is to permit the prisoner to challenge his sentence on grounds that could not have been raised reasonably at trial or on direct review. Most often these are claims, such as ineffective assistance of counsel, which requires the court to consider new evidence outside the original trial record, something courts may not do in an ordinary appeal. State collateral review, though an important step in that it helps define the scope of subsequent review through federal habeas corpus, is rarely successful in and of itself. Only around 6 percent of death sentences are overturned on state collateral review. In 2010, the death sentences of 53 inmates were overturned as a result of legal appeals or high court reversals.

Q1: When a prisoner is given a death sentence in a state, what is the first step of collateral review?
A1: state collateral review
Q2: About what percentage of capital convictions are overturned due to state collateral review?
A2: 6
Q3: In 2010, how many death sentences were overturned due to reversals from courts or appeals?
A3: 53
Q4: What is an example of an issue that is raised in collateral review?
A4: ineffective assistance of counsel
Cardinal_(Catholicism) (History)

At various times, there have been cardinals who had only received first tonsure and minor orders but not yet been ordained as deacons or priests. Though clerics, they were inaccurately called "lay cardinals" and were permitted to marry. Teodolfo Mertel was among the last of the lay cardinals. When he died in 1899 he was the last surviving cardinal who was not at least ordained a priest. With the revision of the Code of Canon Law promulgated in 1917 by Pope Benedict XV, only those who are already priests or bishops may be appointed cardinals. Since the time of Pope John XXIII a priest who is appointed a cardinal must be consecrated a bishop, unless he obtains a dispensation.

Q1: What was a "lay cardinal" allowed to do that is not considered a normal status of a Cardinal?
A1: marry
Q2: In what year did Pope Benedict XV revise the Code of Canon Law?
A2: 1917
Q3: What did the Code of Canon Law state in regards to Cardinals?
A3: only those who are already priests or bishops may be appointed cardinals
Space_Race (History)

At war's end, American, British, and Soviet scientific intelligence teams competed to capture Germany's rocket engineers along with the German rockets themselves and the designs on which they were based. Each of the Allies captured a share of the available members of the German rocket team, but the United States benefited the most with Operation Paperclip, recruiting von Braun and most of his engineering team, who later helped develop the American missile and space exploration programs. The United States also acquired a large number of complete V2 rockets.

Q1: What military operation allowed the US to recruit the German engineer, Von Braun?
A1: Operation Paperclip
Q2: The US had captured what type of missiles during Operation Paperclip?
A2: V2 rockets
Nintendo_Entertainment_System (Video games)

Atari Games created a line of NES products under the name Tengen and took a different approach. The company attempted to reverse engineer the lockout chip to develop its own "Rabbit" chip. However, Tengen also obtained a description of the lockout chip from the United States Patent and Trademark Office by falsely claiming that it was required to defend against present infringement claims in a legal case. Nintendo sued Tengen for copyright infringement, which Tengen lost as it could not prove that the legally obtained patent documents had not been used by the reverse engineering team. Tengen's antitrust claims against Nintendo were never finally decided.

Q1: Atari created NES products under which name?
A1: Tengen
Q2: What did Nintendo sue Tengen for?
A2: copyright infringement
Q3: Tengen reverse engineered the lockout chip to develop what animal monikered prototype?
A3: "Rabbit" chip
Q4: Tengen got a description of Nintendo's chip from whom?
A4: United States Patent and Trademark Office
Athanasius_of_Alexandria (Philosophy and religion)

Athanasius also wrote a two-part Against the Heathen and The Incarnation of the Word of God. Completed probably early in his life, before the Arian controversy, they constitute the first classic work of developed Orthodox theology. In the first part, Athanasius attacks several pagan practices and beliefs. The second part presents teachings on the redemption. Also in these books, Athanasius put forward the belief that the Son of God, the eternal Word through whom God created the world, entered that world in human form to lead men back into the harmony from which they had earlier fallen away.

Q1: When did he write his first works on Orthodox Christianity?
A1: before the Arian controversy
Q2: Which of the two first works addresses pagan practices?
A2: Against the Heathen
Q3: How did he believe Jesus came into the world?
A3: in human form
Q4: Which of his works addresses redemption and the Son of God?
A4: Incarnation of the Word of God
Athanasius_of_Alexandria (Philosophy and religion)

Athanasius is the first person to identify the same 27 books of the New Testament that are in use today. Up until then, various similar lists of works to be read in churches were in use. Athanasius compiled the list to resolve questions about such texts as The Epistle of Barnabas. Athanasius includes the Book of Baruch and the Letter of Jeremiah and places the Book of Esther among the "7 books not in the canon but to be read" along with the Wisdom of Solomon, Sirach (Ecclesiasticus), Judith, Tobit, the Didache, and the Shepherd of Hermas.

Q1: Who standardized the books of the New Testament?
A1: Athanasius
Q2: What books were used before his decision to standardize?
A2: various
Q3: How many books are listed that should be included but were not?
A3: 7 books
Q4: How many books are in the New Testament?
A4: 27 books
Q5: Have those books changed over time?
A5: in use today
Athanasius_of_Alexandria (Philosophy and religion)

Athanasius knew Greek and admitted not knowing Hebrew [see, e.g., the 39th Festal Letter of St. Athan.]. The Old Testament passages he quotes frequently come from the Septuagint Greek translation. Only rarely did he use other Greek versions (to Aquila once in the Ecthesis, to other versions once or twice on the Psalms), and his knowledge of the Old Testament was limited to the Septuagint. Nonetheless, during his later exile, with no access to a copy of the Scriptures, Athanasius could quote from memory every verse in the Old Testament with a supposed reference to the Trinity without missing any.[citation needed] The combination of Scriptural study and of Greek learning was characteristic of the famous Alexandrian School.

Q1: Did Athanasius speak Greek?
A1: knew Greek
Q2: Did he understand Hebrew?
A2: not knowing Hebrew
Q3: Did he know all of the Old Testament?
A3: limited to the Septuagint
Q4: What did students learn in the school in Alexandria?
A4: Scriptural study and of Greek
Q5: What translation of the Old Testament did he study?
A5: Septuagint Greek
Athanasius_of_Alexandria (Philosophy and religion)

Athanasius recounts being a student, as well as being educated by the Martyrs of the Great (tenth) and last persecution of Christianity by pagan Rome.[citation needed] This persecution was most severe in the East, particularly in Egypt and Palestine. Peter of Alexandria, the 17th archbishop of Alexandria, was martyred in 311 in the closing days of that persecution, and may have been one of those teachers. His successor as bishop of Alexandria, Alexander of Alexandria (312–328) was an Origenist as well as a documented mentor of Athanasius. According to Sozomen, Bishop Alexander "invited Athanasius to be his commensal and secretary. He had been well educated, and was versed in grammar and rhetoric, and had already, while still a young man, and before reaching the episcopate, given proof to those who dwelt with him of his wisdom and acumen". Athanasius's earliest work, Against the Heathen – On the Incarnation (written before 319), bears traces of Origenist Alexandrian thought (such as repeatedly quoting Plato and used a definition from Aristotle's Organon) but in an orthodox way. Athanasius was also familiar with the theories of various philosophical schools, and in particular with the developments of Neo-Platonism. Ultimately, Athanasius would modify the philosophical thought of the School of Alexandria away from the Origenist principles such as the "entirely allegorical interpretation of the text". Still, in later works, Athanasius quotes Homer more than once (Hist. Ar. 68, Orat. iv. 29). In his letter to Emperor Constantius, he presents a defense of himself bearing unmistakable traces of a study of Demosthenes de Corona.

Q1: Where was persecution of Christianity the worst?
A1: in the East
Q2: In what year was Peter of Alexandria martyred?
A2: in 311
Q3: Who could have been one of Athanasius's teachers?
A3: Peter of Alexandria
Q4: What suggests that Athanasius was familiar with ancient Greek philosophers?
A4: quoting Plato
Q5: What famous Greek author did Athanasius  quote?
A5: Homer
Athanasius_of_Alexandria (Philosophy and religion)

Athanasius's episcopate began on 9 May 328 as the Alexandrian Council elected Athanasius to succeed the aged Alexander. That council also denounced various heresies and schisms, many of which continued to preoccupy his 45-year-long episcopate (c. 8 June 328 – 2 May 373). Patriarch Athanasius spent over 17 years in five exiles ordered by four different Roman Emperors, not counting approximately six more incidents in which Athanasius fled Alexandria to escape people seeking to take his life. This gave rise to the expression "Athanasius contra mundum" or "Athanasius against the world". However, during his first years as bishop, Athanasius visited the churches of his territory, which at that time included all of Egypt and Libya. He established contacts with the hermits and monks of the desert, including Pachomius, which proved very valuable to him over the years. Shortly thereafter, Athanasius became occupied with the theological disputes against Arians within the Byzantine Empire that would occupy much of his life.

Q1: Who did Athanasius succeed?
A1: Alexander
Q2: How many exiles did he endure?
A2: five exiles
Q3: The churches of what countries were in his territory?
A3: Egypt and Libya
Q4: Was he united with the Arians in his beliefs?
A4: disputes against Arians
Athanasius_of_Alexandria (Philosophy and religion)

Athanasius's first problem lay with Meletius of Lycopolis and his followers, who had failed to abide by the First Council of Nicaea. That council also anathematized Arius. Accused of mistreating Arians and Meletians, Athanasius answered those charges at a gathering of bishops in Tyre, the First Synod of Tyre, in 335. There, Eusebius of Nicomedia and other supporters of Arius deposed Athanasius. On 6 November, both sides of the dispute met with Emperor Constantine I in Constantinople. At that meeting, the Arians claimed Athanasius would try to cut off essential Egyptian grain supplies to Constantinople. He was found guilty, and sent into exile to Augusta Treverorum in Gaul (now Trier in Germany).

Q1: Did the followers of Meletius obey the guidelines of Nicaea?
A1: failed to abide
Q2: What was Athanasius accused of planning against the Arians?
A2: cut off essential Egyptian grain
Q3: What was the verdict of the accusation?
A3: was found guilty
Q4: What was his punishment?
A4: anathematized
Q5: Who was he accused of harming?
A5: Arians and Meletians
Hellenistic_period (History)

Athens retained its position as the most prestigious seat of higher education, especially in the domains of philosophy and rhetoric, with considerable libraries and philosophical schools. Alexandria had the monumental Museum (i.e. research center) and Library of Alexandria which was estimated to have had 700,000 volumes. The city of Pergamon also had a large library and became a major center of book production. The island of Rhodes had a library and also boasted a famous finishing school for politics and diplomacy. Libraries were also present in Antioch, Pella, and Kos. Cicero was educated in Athens and Mark Antony in Rhodes. Antioch was founded as a metropolis and center of Greek learning which retained its status into the era of Christianity. Seleucia replaced Babylon as the metropolis of the lower Tigris.

Q1: Which city held the most prestigious seat of higher education?
A1: Athens
Q2: What library was estimated to have 700,000 volumes?
A2: Library of Alexandria
Q3: Which city became a major center of book production?
A3: Pergamon
Q4: What island has a famous finishing school for diplomacy and politics?
A4: Rhodes
Q5: What replaced Babylon as the metropolis of the lower Tigris?
A5: Seleucia
House_music (Music)

Atkins, a former member of Cybotron, released Model 500 "No UFOs" in 1985, which became a regional hit, followed by dozens of tracks on Transmat, Metroplex and Fragile. One of the most unusual was "Strings of Life" by Derrick May, a darker, more intellectual strain of house. "Techno-Scratch" was released by the Knights Of The Turntable in 1984 which had a similar techno sound to Cybotron. The manager of the Factory nightclub and co-owner of the Haçienda, Tony Wilson, also promoted acid house culture on his weekly TV show. The Midlands also embraced the late 1980s house scene with illegal parties and more legal dance clubs such as The Hummingbird.

Q1: atkins was a former member of what music group?
A1: Cybotron
Q2: what hit single did atkins release in 1985?
A2: "No UFOs"
Q3: what unusual single did derrick may release, featuring a darker strain of house?
A3: "Strings of Life"
Q4: what did knights of the turntable release in 1984?
A4: Techno-Scratch
Q5: who was the manager of the factory nightclub and co-owner of the hacienda?
A5: Tony Wilson