LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser (History)

To varying degrees, Nasser's statist system of government was continued in Egypt and emulated by virtually all Arab republics, namely Algeria, Syria, Iraq, Tunisia, Yemen, Sudan, and Libya. Ahmed Ben Bella, Algeria's first president, was a staunch Nasserist. Abdullah al-Sallal drove out the king of North Yemen in the name of Nasser's pan-Arabism. Other coups influenced by Nasser included those that occurred in Iraq in July 1958 and Syria in 1963. Muammar Gaddafi, who overthrew the Libyan monarchy in 1969, considered Nasser his hero and sought to succeed him as "leader of the Arabs". Also in 1969, Colonel Gaafar Nimeiry, a supporter of Nasser, took power in Sudan. The Arab Nationalist Movement (ANM) helped spread Nasser's pan-Arabist ideas throughout the Arab world, particularly among the Palestinians, Syrians, and Lebanese, and in South Yemen, the Persian Gulf, and Iraq. While many regional heads of state tried to emulate Nasser, Podeh opined that the "parochialism" of successive Arab leaders "transformed imitation [of Nasser] into parody".

Q1: Who was Algeria's first president, a fervent Nasserist?
A1: Ben Bella
Q2: What Nasserist usurped the King of Yemen?
A2: Abdullah al-Sallal
Q3: Which leader considered Nasser his hero?
A3: Muammar Gaddafi
Q4: What leader took power in Sudan and was inspired by Nasser?
A4: Colonel Gaafar Nimeiry
Q5: What organization continued Nasser's philosophies?
A5: Arab Nationalist Movement
North_Carolina (Geography and places)

Tobacco was one of the first major industries to develop after the Civil War. Many farmers grew some tobacco, and the invention of the cigarette made the product especially popular. Winston-Salem is the birthplace of R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (RJR), founded by R. J. Reynolds in 1874 as one of 16 tobacco companies in the town. By 1914 it was selling 425 million packs of Camels a year. Today it is the second-largest tobacco company in the U.S. (behind Altria Group). RJR is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Reynolds American Inc., which in turn is 42% owned by British American Tobacco.

Q1: What was one of the first growing industries to develope after the civil war?
A1: Tobacco
Q2: The invention of cigarettes made what popular?
A2: Tobacco
Q3: Winston Salem is the headquarters of what tobacco Company?
A3: R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
Q4: What year was RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company founded?
A4: 1874
Q5: How many packs of camel cigarettes were sold per year in 1914?
A5: 425 million
Saint_Helena (Geography and places)

Today Saint Helena has its own currency, the Saint Helena pound, which is at parity with the pound sterling. The government of Saint Helena produces its own coinage and banknotes. The Bank of Saint Helena was established on Saint Helena and Ascension Island in 2004. It has branches in Jamestown on Saint Helena, and Georgetown, Ascension Island and it took over the business of the St. Helena government savings bank and Ascension Island Savings Bank.

Q1: What is the Saint Helena currency?
A1: the Saint Helena pound
Q2: The government of Saint Helena produces it's own what?
A2: coinage and banknotes
Q3: What year was the Bank of Saint Helena established?
A3: 2004
Q4: The Saint Helena pound is at parity with what other currency?
A4: pound sterling
Palermo (Unknown)

Today both the Papireto river and the Kemonia are covered up by buildings. However, the shape of the former watercourses can still be recognised today, because the streets that were built on them follow their shapes. Today the only waterway not drained yet is the Oreto river that divides the downtown of the city from the western uptown and the industrial districts. In the basins there were, though, many seasonal torrents that helped formed swampy plains, reclaimed during history; a good example of which can be found in the borough of Mondello.

Q1: How can former rivers be recognised presently?
A1: the streets that were built on them follow their shapes
Q2: What is the only remaining waterway in Palermo?
A2: Oreto river
Q3: Which two former rivers in Palermo are currently building sites?
A3: Papireto river and the Kemonia
Dialect (Language and literature)

Today the boundaries of the Ukrainian language to the Russian language are still not drawn clearly, with an intermediate dialect between them, called Surzhyk, developing in Ukraine.

Q1: In what country is the Surzhyk dialect spoken?
A1: Ukraine
Q2: Surzhyk is a dialect intermediate between the Ukrainian language and what other language?
A2: Russian
Szlachta (History)

Today the word szlachta in the Polish language simply translates to "nobility". In its broadest meaning, it can also denote some non-hereditary honorary knighthoods granted today by some European monarchs. Occasionally, 19th-century non-noble landowners were referred to as szlachta by courtesy or error, when they owned manorial estates though they were not noble by birth. In the narrow sense, szlachta denotes the old-Commonwealth nobility.

Q1: What simple word does the term szlachta translate too?
A1: nobility
Q2: What were the non noble land owners referred too as?
A2: szlachta
Q3: Why were the non nobles and nobles referred as the same term?
A3: by courtesy or error
Q4: What does szlachta mainly denote?
A4: old-Commonwealth nobility
Estonia (Geography and places)

Today, Estonian society encourages liberty and liberalism, with popular commitment to the ideals of the limited government, discouraging centralised power and corruption. The Protestant work ethic remains a significant cultural staple, and free education is a highly prized institution. Like the mainstream culture in the other Nordic countries, Estonian culture can be seen to build upon the ascetic environmental realities and traditional livelihoods, a heritage of comparatively widespread egalitarianism out of practical reasons (see: Everyman's right and universal suffrage), and the ideals of closeness to nature and self-sufficiency (see: summer cottage).

Q1: What virtues does modern Estonian society promote?
A1: liberty and liberalism
Q2: What size and power of government is popular in Estonia?
A2: limited government, discouraging centralised power and corruption
Q3: What is a highly prized fixture of Estonian society?
A3: free education
Q4: What ideal does Estonia hold towards the environment?
A4: closeness to nature
Greeks (History)

Today, Greeks are the majority ethnic group in the Hellenic Republic, where they constitute 93% of the country's population, and the Republic of Cyprus where they make up 78% of the island's population (excluding Turkish settlers in the occupied part of the country). Greek populations have not traditionally exhibited high rates of growth; nonetheless, the population of Greece has shown regular increase since the country's first census in 1828. A large percentage of the population growth since the state's foundation has resulted from annexation of new territories and the influx of 1.5 million Greek refugees after the 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey. About 80% of the population of Greece is urban, with 28% concentrated in the city of Athens

Q1: In the Rupublic of Hellenic who is the ethnic majority and what percentage of the populace do they represent ?
A1: Greeks are the majority ethnic group in the Hellenic Republic, where they constitute 93% of the country's population
Q2: What's the estimated populace of Greeks on the isle of Cyprus ?
A2: Republic of Cyprus where they make up 78% of the island's population
Q3: Are Greeks in danger of contributing vastly to the problem of population control ?
A3: Greek populations have not traditionally exhibited high rates of growth
Q4: Is the Greek populace on a whole increasing or decreasing in numbers ?
A4: Greece has shown regular increase since the country's first census in 1828.
Q5: Where there any significances that contributed to the increase or decrease in population numbers ?
A5: influx of 1.5 million Greek refugees after the 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey.
Protestantism (Philosophy and religion)

Today, Lutheranism is one of the largest branches of Protestantism. With approximately 80 million adherents, it constitutes the third most common Protestant confession after historically Pentecostal denominations and Anglicanism. The Lutheran World Federation, the largest global communion of Lutheran churches represents over 72 million people. Additionally, there are also many smaller bodies such as the International Lutheran Council and the Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference, as well as independent churches.

Q1: What is one of the largest Protestant branches with 80 million members?
A1: Lutheranism
Q2: How popular is the branch of Lutheranism?
A2: third
Q3: What is the largest body of Lutheran churches?
A3: The Lutheran World Federation
Q4: How many people belong to the Lutheran World Federation?
A4: over 72 million people
Q5: Name two smaller Lutheran church bodies.
A5: International Lutheran Council and the Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference
United_States_dollar (History)

Today, USD notes are made from cotton fiber paper, unlike most common paper, which is made of wood fiber. U.S. coins are produced by the United States Mint. U.S. dollar banknotes are printed by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and, since 1914, have been issued by the Federal Reserve. The "large-sized notes" issued before 1928 measured 7.42 inches (188 mm) by 3.125 inches (79.4 mm); small-sized notes, introduced that year, measure 6.14 inches (156 mm) by 2.61 inches (66 mm) by 0.0043 inches (0.11 mm). When the current, smaller sized U.S. currency was introduced it was referred to as Philippine-sized currency because the Philippines had previously adopted the same size for its legal currency.

Q1: What are dollar notes made from now adays?
A1: cotton fiber paper
Q2: What is most common paper made of?
A2: wood fiber
Q3: Since 1914, who issues the dollar banknotes?
A3: Federal Reserve
Q4: How long do the current notes measure?
A4: 6.14 inches
Q5: What size currency are the new smaller notes similar to?
A5: Philippine
Christian (Language and literature)

Today, about 37% of all Christians live in the Americas, and about 26% live in Europe, 24% of total Christians live in sub-Saharan Africa, about 13% in Asia and the Pacific, and 1% of the world's Christians live in the Middle east and North Africa. About half of all Christians worldwide are Catholic, while more than a third are Protestant (37%). Orthodox communions comprise 12% of the world's Christians. Other Christian groups make up the remainder. Christians make up the majority of the population in 158 countries and territories. 280 million Christian live as a minority.

Q1: Of all the Christians in the world, how many are Catholic?
A1: half
Q2: Christians are the majority in how many countries and territories in the world today?
A2: 158
Race_(human_categorization) (Natural sciences)

Today, all humans are classified as belonging to the species Homo sapiens and sub-species Homo sapiens sapiens. However, this is not the first species of homininae: the first species of genus Homo, Homo habilis, are theorized to have evolved in East Africa at least 2 million years ago, and members of this species populated different parts of Africa in a relatively short time. Homo erectus is theorized to have evolved more than 1.8 million years ago, and by 1.5 million years ago had spread throughout Europe and Asia. Virtually all physical anthropologists agree that Archaic Homo sapiens (A group including the possible species H. heidelbergensis, H. rhodesiensis and H. neanderthalensis) evolved out of African Homo erectus ((sensu lato) or Homo ergaster).

Q1: What species do all living humans today belong to?
A1: Homo sapiens
Q2: When is it theorized that Homo habilis evolved in East Africa?
A2: 2 million years ago
Q3: How many millions of years ago had Homo erectus spread throughout Europa and Asia?
A3: 1.5
Q4: Members of what species populated parts of Africa in a relatively short time?
A4: Homo habilis
Q5: What group might have Archaic Homo sapiens evolve out of?
A5: African Homo erectus
Computer_security (Engineering and technology)

Today, computer security comprises mainly "preventive" measures, like firewalls or an exit procedure. A firewall can be defined as a way of filtering network data between a host or a network and another network, such as the Internet, and can be implemented as software running on the machine, hooking into the network stack (or, in the case of most UNIX-based operating systems such as Linux, built into the operating system kernel) to provide real time filtering and blocking. Another implementation is a so-called physical firewall which consists of a separate machine filtering network traffic. Firewalls are common amongst machines that are permanently connected to the Internet.

Q1: Firewalls and exit procedures are considered what?
A1: "preventive" measures
Q2: What is defined as a way of filtering network data between a host or network and another network?
A2: A firewall
Q3: What does a physical firewall consist of?
A3: a separate machine filtering network traffic
Q4: What type of machines normall have a firewall?
A4: permanently connected to the Internet
Q5: What compromises mainly preventative measures?
A5: computer security
Web_browser (Engineering and technology)

Today, most commercial web browsers are paid by search engine companies to make their engine default, or to include them as another option. For example, Google pays Mozilla, the maker of Firefox, to make Google Search the default search engine in Firefox. Mozilla makes enough money from this deal that it does not need to charge users for Firefox. In addition, Google Search is also (as one would expect) the default search engine in Google Chrome. Users searching for websites or items on the Internet would be led to Google's search results page, increasing ad revenue and which funds development at Google and of Google Chrome.

Q1: Which company pays Firefox to make their search engine the default on their browser?
A1: Google
Q2: What other browser has Google as the default search engine?
A2: Chrome
Q3: The increased revenue funds what, in addition to Google?
A3: Google Chrome
Data_compression (Engineering and technology)

Today, nearly all commonly used video compression methods (e.g., those in standards approved by the ITU-T or ISO) apply a discrete cosine transform (DCT) for spatial redundancy reduction. The DCT that is widely used in this regard was introduced by N. Ahmed, T. Natarajan and K. R. Rao in 1974. Other methods, such as fractal compression, matching pursuit and the use of a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) have been the subject of some research, but are typically not used in practical products (except for the use of wavelet coding as still-image coders without motion compensation). Interest in fractal compression seems to be waning, due to recent theoretical analysis showing a comparative lack of effectiveness of such methods.

Q1: What do all commonly used video compression methods use?
A1: discrete cosine transform
Q2: What does a DCT do?
A2: spatial redundancy reduction
Q3: What is not used in practical products? 
A3: fractal compression
Paris (Geography and places)

Today, thanks to Paris' cosmopolitan population, every French regional cuisine and almost every national cuisine in the world can be found there; the city has more than 9,000 restaurants. The Michelin Guide has been a standard guide to French restaurants since 1900, awarding its highest award, three stars, to the best restaurants in France. In 2015, of the 29 Michelin three-star restaurants in France, nine are located in Paris. These include both restaurants which serve classical French cuisine, such as L'Ambroisie in the Place des Vosges, and those which serve non-traditional menus, such as L'Astrance, which combines French and Asian cuisines. Several of France's most famous chefs, including Pierre Gagnaire, Alain Ducasse, Yannick Alléno and Alain Passard, have three-star restaurants in Paris.

Q1: How many restaurants are there today in Paris?
A1: 9,000
Q2: When was the Michelin guide created?
A2: 1900
Q3: How many 3 star Michelin restaurants were in Paris in 2015?
A3: nine
Q4: How many 3 star Michelin restaurants were in France in 2015?
A4: 29
Madrasa (Language and literature)

Today, the system of Arabic and Islamic education has grown and further integrated with Kerala government administration. In 2005, an estimated 6,000 Muslim Arabic teachers taught in Kerala government schools, with over 500,000 Muslim students. State-appointed committees, not private mosques or religious scholars outside the government, determine the curriculum and accreditation of new schools and colleges. Primary education in Arabic and Islamic studies is available to Kerala Muslims almost entirely in after-school madrasa programs - sharply unlike full-time madaris common in north India, which may replace formal schooling. Arabic colleges (over eleven of which exist within the state-run University of Calicut and the Kannur University) provide B.A. and Masters' level degrees. At all levels, instruction is co-educational, with many women instructors and professors. Islamic education boards are independently run by the following organizations, accredited by the Kerala state government: Samastha Kerala Islamic Education Board, Kerala Nadvathul Mujahideen, Jamaat-e-Islami Hind, and Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind.

Q1: How many Muslim students are there in Kerala?
A1: over 500,000
Q2: How many Muslim teachers are there in Kerala?
A2: 6,000
Q3: Who determines the content taught in Arabic public schools?
A3: State-appointed committees
Q4: What types of programs provide traditional Islamic teaching?
A4: after-school
Q5: What is the format of school for girls and boys?
A5: co-educational
Dominican_Order (Philosophy and religion)

Today, there is a growing number of Associates who share the Dominican charism. Dominican Associates are Christian women and men; married, single, divorced, and widowed; clergy members and lay persons who were first drawn to and then called to live out the charism and continue the mission of the Dominican Order - to praise, to bless, to preach. Associates do not take vows, but rather make a commitment to be partners with vowed members, and to share the mission and charism of the Dominican Family in their own lives, families, churches, neighborhoods, workplaces, and cities. 

Q1: What do present day Dominican Order associates do?
A1: share the mission and charism of the Dominican Family
Q2: What is an example of a modern Dominican Order follower?
A2: Christian women and men
Q3: What draws many people into following the Dominican Order?
A3: charism
Q4: Present day members continue to do what for the Dominican Order?
A4: to praise, to bless, to preach
Protestantism (Philosophy and religion)

Today, this term also refers to the doctrines and practices of the Reformed churches of which Calvin was an early leader. Less commonly, it can refer to the individual teaching of Calvin himself. The particulars of Calvinist theology may be stated in a number of ways. Perhaps the best known summary is contained in the five points of Calvinism, though these points identify the Calvinist view on soteriology rather than summarizing the system as a whole. Broadly speaking, Calvinism stresses the sovereignty or rule of God in all things — in salvation but also in all of life. This concept is seen clearly in the doctrines of predestination and total depravity.

Q1: What is the most well-known summary of Calvin's teachings?
A1: the five points of Calvinism
Q2: What area does the five points of Calvinism focus on?
A2: the Calvinist view on soteriology
Q3: What is a brief description of Calvinism?
A3: the sovereignty or rule of God in all things
Q4: What Calvinism doctrines are examples of the concept of the sovereignty of God?
A4: predestination and total depravity
Q5: Who was an early leader in the Reformed churches?
A5: Calvin
Nanjing (Geography and places)

Today, with a long cultural tradition and strong support from local educational institutions, Nanjing is commonly viewed as a “city of culture” and one of the more pleasant cities to live in China.

Q1: How is Nanjing seen, from a cultural perspective?
A1: as a “city of culture”
Q2: Who provides strong support to Nanjing?
A2: local educational institutions
Q3: What city is considered one of the more pleasant cities to live in, by the Chinese?
A3: Nanjing
Q4: Does Nanjing have a long or short tradition of culture?
A4: a long cultural tradition
Copper (History)

Together with caesium and gold (both yellow), and osmium (bluish), copper is one of only four elemental metals with a natural color other than gray or silver. Pure copper is orange-red and acquires a reddish tarnish when exposed to air. The characteristic color of copper results from the electronic transitions between the filled 3d and half-empty 4s atomic shells – the energy difference between these shells is such that it corresponds to orange light. The same mechanism accounts for the yellow color of gold and caesium.

Q1: How many metals have a natural color that isn't gray?
A1: four
Q2: What color is pure copper?
A2: orange-red
Q3: What does copper aquire when exposed to air?
A3: reddish tarnish
Q4: The energy difference between filled 3d and half-empty 4s atomic shells corresponds to what color of light?
A4: orange light
Q5: What color is the metal caesium?
A5: yellow
To_Kill_a_Mockingbird (Language and literature)

Tom Robinson is the chief example among several innocents destroyed carelessly or deliberately throughout the novel. However, scholar Christopher Metress connects the mockingbird to Boo Radley: "Instead of wanting to exploit Boo for her own fun (as she does in the beginning of the novel by putting on gothic plays about his history), Scout comes to see him as a 'mockingbird'—that is, as someone with an inner goodness that must be cherished." The last pages of the book illustrate this as Scout relates the moral of a story Atticus has been reading to her, and in allusions to both Boo Radley and Tom Robinson states about a character who was misunderstood, "when they finally saw him, why he hadn't done any of those things ... Atticus, he was real nice," to which he responds, "Most people are, Scout, when you finally see them."

Q1: Who is the main example of an innocent destroyed in the novel?
A1: Tom Robinson
Q2: What  does Scout see symbollically as a mockingbird?
A2: Boo Radley
Q3: According to Atticus, most people are how when you truly view them?
A3: real nice