LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Germans (Language and literature)

The Nazis, led by Adolf Hitler, attempted to unite all the people they claimed were "Germans" (Volksdeutsche) into one realm, including ethnic Germans in eastern Europe, many of whom had emigrated more than one hundred fifty years before and developed separate cultures in their new lands. This idea was initially welcomed by many ethnic Germans in Sudetenland, Austria, Poland, Danzig and western Lithuania, particularly the Germans from Klaipeda (Memel). The Swiss resisted the idea. They had viewed themselves as a distinctly separate nation since the Peace of Westphalia of 1648.

Q1: What leader tried to unite all people considered themselves "German"
A1: Adolf Hitler
Q2: Who resisted the uniting of people under Hitler?
A2: The Swiss
Q3: The Swiss has viewed themselves as their own country since what year?
A3: 1648
Q4: Who welcomed the idea in area such as Sudetenland and Poland?
A4: ethnic Germans
Q5: Who headed the Nazis?
A5: Adolf Hitler
Q6: Who resisted the Nazi idea of uniting all Germans from the get go?
A6: The Swiss
Q7: Since when had the Swiss viewed themselves as a different nation?
A7: 1648
Q8: When was the Peace of Westphalia?
A8: 1648
Q9: Who wanted to unite all of the Germans all over the area?
A9: The Nazis
Mosaic (Art and architecture)

The Nea Moni Monastery on Chios was established by Constantine Monomachos in 1043–1056. The exceptional mosaic decoration of the dome showing probably the nine orders of the angels was destroyed in 1822 but other panels survived (Theotokos with raised hands, four evangelists with seraphim, scenes from Christ's life and an interesting Anastasis where King Salomon bears resemblance to Constantine Monomachos). In comparison with Osios Loukas Nea Moni mosaics contain more figures, detail, landscape and setting.

Q1: Where is the Nea Moni Monastery located?
A1: Chios
Q2: Who established the Nea Moni Monastery?
A2: Constantine Monomachos
Q3: When was the Nea Moni Monastery established?
A3: 1043–1056
Q4: When was the mosaic at the Nea Moni Monastery destroyed?
A4: 1822
Q5: The Nea Moni mosaics are more detailed than what what other famous mosaics?
A5: Osios Loukas
Mandolin (Music)

The Neapolitan style has an almond-shaped body resembling a bowl, constructed from curved strips of wood. It usually has a bent sound table, canted in two planes with the design to take the tension of the 8 metal strings arranged in four courses. A hardwood fingerboard sits on top of or is flush with the sound table. Very old instruments may use wooden tuning pegs, while newer instruments tend to use geared metal tuners. The bridge is a movable length of hardwood. A pickguard is glued below the sound hole under the strings. European roundbacks commonly use a 13-inch scale instead of the 13.876 common on archtop Mandolins.

Q1: What kind of style does the Neapolitan mandolin have?
A1: almond-shaped body resembling a bowl, constructed from curved strips of wood
Q2: How many strings does the Neapolitan mandolin have?
A2: 8
Q3: What are the Neapolitan mandolin made of?
A3: metal strings
Q4: What sits on top or is flush with the sound table of the Mandolin?
A4: hardwood fingerboard
Q5: How long is the scale commonly used on European roundbacks? 
A5: 13-inch scale
Avicenna (Language and literature)

The Necessary exists 'due-to-Its-Self', and has no quiddity/essence (mahiyya) other than existence (wujud). Furthermore, It is 'One' (wahid ahad) since there cannot be more than one 'Necessary-Existent-due-to-Itself' without differentia (fasl) to distinguish them from each other. Yet, to require differentia entails that they exist 'due-to-themselves' as well as 'due to what is other than themselves'; and this is contradictory. However, if no differentia distinguishes them from each other, then there is no sense in which these 'Existents' are not one and the same. Avicenna adds that the 'Necessary-Existent-due-to-Itself' has no genus (jins), nor a definition (hadd), nor a counterpart (nadd), nor an opposite (did), and is detached (bari) from matter (madda), quality (kayf), quantity (kam), place (ayn), situation (wad), and time (waqt).

Q1: The necessary exists due to what?
A1: Its-Self
Q2: What is something that the necessary does not have?
A2: a definition
Q3: What is the Arabic for situation?
A3: wad
Q4: What is one thing that the Necessary is detached from?
A4: time
Black_people (Language and literature)

The Negritos are believed to be the first inhabitants of Southeast Asia. Once inhabiting Taiwan, Vietnam, and various other parts of Asia, they are now confined primarily to Thailand, the Malay Archipelago, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Negrito means "little black people" in Spanish (negrito is the Spanish diminutive of negro, i.e., "little black person"); it is what the Spaniards called the short-statured, hunter-gatherer autochthones that they encountered in the Philippines. Despite this, Negritos are never referred to as black today, and doing so would cause offense. The term Negrito itself has come under criticism in countries like Malaysia, where it is now interchangeable with the more acceptable Semang, although this term actually refers to a specific group. The common Thai word for Negritos literally means "frizzy hair".

Q1: Who were the first inhabitants of Southeast Asia?
A1: The Negritos
Q2: Where do the Negritos reside currently?
A2: Thailand, the Malay Archipelago, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Q3: What does Negrito mean?
A3: "little black people"
Q4: What language does the term Negrito come from?
A4: Spanish
Q5: What term is interchangable with Negrito?
A5: Semang
Neolithic (History)

The Neolithic 1 (PPNA) period began roughly 10,000 years ago in the Levant. A temple area in southeastern Turkey at Göbekli Tepe dated around 9,500 BC may be regarded as the beginning of the period. This site was developed by nomadic hunter-gatherer tribes, evidenced by the lack of permanent housing in the vicinity and may be the oldest known human-made place of worship. At least seven stone circles, covering 25 acres (10 ha), contain limestone pillars carved with animals, insects, and birds. Stone tools were used by perhaps as many as hundreds of people to create the pillars, which might have supported roofs. Other early PPNA sites dating to around 9,500 to 9,000 BCE have been found in Jericho, Israel (notably Ain Mallaha, Nahal Oren, and Kfar HaHoresh), Gilgal in the Jordan Valley, and Byblos, Lebanon. The start of Neolithic 1 overlaps the Tahunian and Heavy Neolithic periods to some degree.[citation needed]

Q1: When did the The Neolithic 1 (PPNA) period start?
A1: roughly 10,000 years ago
Q2: Where is the Göbekli Tepe temple located?
A2: Turkey
Q3: Who built the Göbekli Tepe temple?
A3: nomadic hunter-gatherer tribes
Q4: What is the name of earliest man made place of worship?
A4: Göbekli Tepe
Neolithic (History)

The Neolithic 2 (PPNB) began around 8,800 BCE according to the ASPRO chronology in the Levant (Jericho, Israel). As with the PPNA dates, there are two versions from the same laboratories noted above. This system of terminology, however, is not convenient for southeast Anatolia and settlements of the middle Anatolia basin. This era was before the Mesolithic era.[citation needed] A settlement of 3,000 inhabitants was found in the outskirts of Amman, Jordan. Considered to be one of the largest prehistoric settlements in the Near East, called 'Ain Ghazal, it was continuously inhabited from approximately 7,250 – 5,000 B.

Q1: When did the The Neolithic 2 (PPNB) era start?
A1: around 8,800 BCE
Q2: What era followed the  The Neolithic 2 (PPNB) era?
A2: the Mesolithic era
Q3: How many settlers were found in Jordan?
A3: 3,000 inhabitants
Q4: What is the name of one of the biggest prehistoric settlements in the Near East?
A4: Ain Ghazal
Dutch_Republic (History)

The Netherlands regained independence from France in 1813. In the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 the names "United Provinces of the Netherlands" and "United Netherlands" were used. In 1815 it was rejoined with the Austrian Netherlands, Luxembourg and Liège (the "Southern provinces") to become the Kingdom of the Netherlands, informally known as the Kingdom of the United Netherlands, to create a strong buffer state north of France. After Belgium and Luxembourg became independent, the state became unequivocally known as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, as it remains today.

Q1: In what year did the Netherlands gain independence from France?
A1: 1813
Q2: What names were used in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814?
A2: "United Provinces of the Netherlands" and "United Netherlands"
Q3: The Kingdom of the Netherlands was formed by which countries?
A3: Austrian Netherlands, Luxembourg and Liège
New_Delhi (Geography and places)

The New Delhi town plan, like its architecture, was chosen with one single chief consideration: to be a symbol of British power and supremacy. All other decisions were subordinate to this, and it was this framework that dictated the choice and application of symbology and influences from both Hindu and Islamic architecture.

Q1: The New Delhi town plan was chosen primarily to symbolize what?
A1: British power and supremacy
Q2: The New Delhi town plan was influenced by what type of architecture?
A2: Hindu and Islamic
Q3: What town plan was chosen with the chief consideration of displaying British power and superiority?
A3: The New Delhi town plan
Q4: What is one type of architecture that heavily influenced the New Delhi town plan?
A4: Hindu
New_Haven,_Connecticut (Geography and places)

The New Haven Division buses follow routes that had originally been covered by trolley service. Horse-drawn steetcars began operating in New Haven in the 1860s, and by the mid-1890s all the lines had become electric. In the 1920s and 1930s, some of the trolley lines began to be replaced by bus lines, with the last trolley route converted to bus in 1948. The City of New Haven is in the very early stages of considering the restoration of streetcar (light-rail) service, which has been absent since the postwar period.

Q1: What form of public transportation preceded the current New Haven Division bus routes?
A1: trolley service
Q2: What decade ushered in the operation of horse-drawn carriages in New Haven? 
A2: the 1860s
Q3: What advancement was made to New Haven trolley lines in the mid 1890's?
A3: all the lines had become electric
Q4: What mode of public transportation in New Haven phased out the trolley service in the 1920's and 1930's?
A4: bus lines
Q5: In what year was the final trolley route in New Haven converted to a bus line? 
A5: 1948
Q6: Buses in New Haven uses what kind of route for their service?
A6: trolley
Q7: Before 20th century, what was the form of public transportation in the city?
A7: Horse-drawn steetcars
Q8: In what year were trolleys finally replaced completely by buses?
A8: 1948
Q9: What further ideas for public transportation is the city currently considering?
A9: streetcar (light-rail) service
New_Haven,_Connecticut (Geography and places)

The New Haven Green is the site of many free music concerts, especially during the summer months. These have included the New Haven Symphony Orchestra, the July Free Concerts on the Green in July, and the New Haven Jazz Festival in August. The Jazz Festival, which began in 1982, is one of the longest-running free outdoor festivals in the U.S., until it was canceled for 2007. Headliners such as The Breakfast, Dave Brubeck, Ray Charles and Celia Cruz have historically drawn 30,000 to 50,000 fans, filling up the New Haven Green to capacity. The New Haven Jazz Festival was revived in 2008 and has been sponsored since by Jazz Haven.

Q1: What public area in New Haven is home to free concerts in the summer?
A1: New Haven Green
Q2: What musical festival was initiated in 1982 in New Haven?
A2: New Haven Jazz Festival
Q3: In what year was the New Haven Jazz Festival cancelled, thereby precluding it from being one of the longest running free outdoor festivals in the U.S.?
A3: 2007
Q4: Who sponsors the New Haven Jazz Festival?
A4: Jazz Haven
Q5: What is the name for the concerts held on New Haven Green throughout the month of July?
A5: July Free Concerts
Q6: What popular events that place in New Haven Green area?
A6: free music concerts
Q7: When did the first Jazz Festival made it debut?
A7: 1982
Q8: In general how many people attend these music concerts?
A8: 30,000 to 50,000 fans
Q9: After being cancel in 2007, what organization currently support New Haven Jazz Festival?
A9: Jazz Haven
New_Haven,_Connecticut (Geography and places)

The New Haven area supports several medical facilities that are considered some of the best hospitals in the country. There are two major medical centers downtown: Yale – New Haven Hospital has four pavilions, including the Yale – New Haven Children's Hospital and the Smilow Cancer Hospital; the Hospital of Saint Raphael is several blocks north, and touts its excellent cardiac emergency care program. Smaller downtown health facilities are the Temple Medical Center located downtown on Temple Street, Connecticut Mental Health Center/ across Park Street from Y-NHH, and the Hill Health Center, which serves the working-class Hill neighborhood. A large Veterans Affairs hospital is located in neighboring West Haven. To the west in Milford is Milford Hospital, and to the north in Meriden is the MidState Medical Center.

Q1: How many major medical centers are located in downtown New Haven?
A1: two
Q2: What overarching New Haven medical center is the Smilow Cancer Hospital a part of?
A2: Yale – New Haven Hospital
Q3: What hospital in New Haven provides notable cardiac emergency care? 
A3: Hospital of Saint Raphael
Q4: How many pavilions comprise Yale -- New Haven Hospital?
A4: four
Q5: What is the mental health facility is located in New Haven?
A5: Connecticut Mental Health Center
Q6: How many pavilion are part of New Haven Hospital?
A6: four pavilions
Q7: What hospital is located nearby a working class district within the city?
A7: Hill Health Center,
Q8: What is the hospital located north of New Haven in Meriden?
A8: MidState Medical Center
Q9: What is the name of the well known hospital specializes in young children patients?
A9: New Haven Children's Hospital
Q10: What nearby city would you go to for war related injuries?
A10: West Haven
Egypt (Geography and places)

The New Kingdom c. 1550–1070 BC began with the Eighteenth Dynasty, marking the rise of Egypt as an international power that expanded during its greatest extension to an empire as far south as Tombos in Nubia, and included parts of the Levant in the east. This period is noted for some of the most well known Pharaohs, including Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Akhenaten and his wife Nefertiti, Tutankhamun and Ramesses II. The first historically attested expression of monotheism came during this period as Atenism. Frequent contacts with other nations brought new ideas to the New Kingdom. The country was later invaded and conquered by Libyans, Nubians and Assyrians, but native Egyptians eventually drove them out and regained control of their country.

Q1: What year were the New Kingdom in control?
A1: 1550–1070 BC
Q2: What dynasty maked the rise of Egypt as international power?
A2: Eighteenth Dynasty
Q3: Who were some well known Pharaohs of the New Kindom?
A3: Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Akhenaten and his wife Nefertiti, Tutankhamun and Ramesses II
Q4: Who were some of the invaders to Egypt during the New Kingdom?
A4: Libyans, Nubians and Assyrians
New_York_City (Geography and places)

The New York City Charter School Center assists the setup of new charter schools. There are approximately 900 additional privately run secular and religious schools in the city.

Q1: What institution aids in the creation of charter schools in New York?
A1: New York City Charter School Center
Q2: About how many private schools does New York have?
A2: 900
New_York_City (Geography and places)

The New York City Fire Department (FDNY), provides fire protection, technical rescue, primary response to biological, chemical, and radioactive hazards, and emergency medical services for the five boroughs of New York City. The New York City Fire Department is the largest municipal fire department in the United States and the second largest in the world after the Tokyo Fire Department. The FDNY employs approximately 11,080 uniformed firefighters and over 3,300 uniformed EMTs and paramedics. The FDNY's motto is New York's Bravest.

Q1: What is the largest fire department force in the world?
A1: Tokyo Fire Department
Q2: What is the second largest fire department force in the world?
A2: The New York City Fire Department
Q3: What is the The New York City Fire Department's motto?
A3: New York's Bravest
Q4: What does FDNY stand for?
A4: New York City Fire Department
Q5: What city is home to the largest municipal fire department in the world?
A5: Tokyo
Q6: How many firefighters work for the New York City Fire Department?
A6: 11,080
Q7: The FDNY employs about how many paramedics and EMTs?
A7: 3,300
Q8: What is the motto of the New York City Fire Department?
A8: New York's Bravest
New_York_City (Geography and places)

The New York City Fire Department faces highly multifaceted firefighting challenges in many ways unique to New York. In addition to responding to building types that range from wood-frame single family homes to high-rise structures, there are many secluded bridges and tunnels, as well as large parks and wooded areas that can give rise to brush fires. New York is also home to one of the largest subway systems in the world, consisting of hundreds of miles of tunnel with electrified track.

Q1: New York is home to what largest transportation system in the world?
A1: subway systems
Q2: What types of fires can start in parks and woodlands?
A2: brush fires
New_York_City (Geography and places)

The New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC) operates the public hospitals and clinics in New York City. A public benefit corporation with $6.7 billion in annual revenues, HHC is the largest municipal healthcare system in the United States serving 1.4 million patients, including more than 475,000 uninsured city residents. HHC was created in 1969 by the New York State Legislature as a public benefit corporation (Chapter 1016 of the Laws 1969). It is similar to a municipal agency but has a Board of Directors. HHC operates 11 acute care hospitals, five nursing homes, six diagnostic and treatment centers, and more than 70 community-based primary care sites, serving primarily the poor and working class. HHC's MetroPlus Health Plan is one of the New York area's largest providers of government-sponsored health insurance and is the plan of choice for nearly half million New Yorkers.

Q1: The largest municipal healthcare in the US is what?
A1: New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation
Q2: How many hospitals does HHC operate?
A2: 11
Q3: What is the yearly revenue of the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation?
A3: $6.7 billion
Q4: How many patients are served annually by HHC?
A4: 1.4 million
Q5: How many uninsured New Yorkers take advantage of HHC?
A5: 475,000
Q6: In what year was the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation founded?
A6: 1969
Q7: How many nursing homes does HHC operate?
A7: five
New_York_City (Geography and places)

The New York City Police Department (NYPD) has been the largest police force in the United States by a significant margin, with over 35,000 sworn officers. Members of the NYPD are frequently referred to by politicians, the media, and their own police cars by the nickname, New York's Finest.

Q1: The largest police presence in the US is NYPD with how many people?
A1: 35,000
Q2: NYPD officers have a nickname that is known as what?
A2: New York's Finest
Q3: What does the acronym NYPD stand for?
A3: New York City Police Department
Q4: About how many police work for the NYPD?
A4: 35,000
Q5: What is the nickname given to New York City Police Department officers?
A5: New York's Finest
New_York_City (Geography and places)

The New York City Public Schools system, managed by the New York City Department of Education, is the largest public school system in the United States, serving about 1.1 million students in more than 1,700 separate primary and secondary schools. The city's public school system includes nine specialized high schools to serve academically and artistically gifted students.

Q1: What city department runs the public school system?
A1: New York City Department of Education
Q2: How many students are in New York City public schools?
A2: 1.1 million
Q3: About how many public schools are there in New York City?
A3: 1,700
Q4: How many high schools for gifted students does New York City have?
A4: nine
Q5: How many students regularly attend schools in NYC?
A5: 1.1 million
Q6: How many highschools are specialized in NYC?
A6: nine
New_York_City (Geography and places)

The New York Islanders and the New York Rangers represent the city in the National Hockey League. Also within the metropolitan area are the New Jersey Devils, who play in nearby Newark, New Jersey.

Q1: There are two hockey teams located in NYC. What are they?
A1: The New York Islanders and the New York Rangers
Q2: Which town do the New Jersey Devils hockey team play?
A2: Newark
Q3: In what city are the New Jersey Devils located?
A3: Newark, New Jersey
Q4: What sport do the New York Rangers play?
A4: Hockey
Q5: Along with the New York Rangers, what NHL franchise is based in New York?
A5: New York Islanders
New_York_City (Geography and places)

The New York Public Library, which has the largest collection of any public library system in the United States, serves Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island. Queens is served by the Queens Borough Public Library, the nation's second largest public library system, while the Brooklyn Public Library serves Brooklyn.

Q1: What is the largest library in the United States?
A1: The New York Public Library
Q2: What is the second largest library in the US?
A2: Queens Borough Public Library
Q3: What is the name of the library system in Queens?
A3: Queens Borough Public Library
Q4: What is Brooklyn's public library system called?
A4: Brooklyn Public Library
Q5: Along with Staten Island and the Bronx, what borough is served by the New York Public Library?
A5: Manhattan
2008_Sichuan_earthquake (Natural sciences)

The New York Times reported that "government officials in Beijing and Sichuan have said they are investigating the collapses. In an acknowledgment of the weakness of building codes in the countryside, the National Development and Reform Commission said on May 27 that it had drafted an amendment to improve construction standards for primary and middle schools in rural areas. Experts are reviewing the draft, the commission said." To limit protests, officials pushed parents to sign a document, which forbade them from holding protests, in exchange of money, but some who refused to sign were threatened. The payment amounts varied from school to school but were approximately the same. In Hanwang, parents were offered a package valued at 8,800 USD in cash and a per-parent pension of nearly 5,600 USD. Furthermore, officials used other methods of silencing: riot police officers broke up protests by parents; the authorities set up cordons around the schools; and officials ordered the Chinese news media to stop reporting on school collapses.

Q1: What was given in exchange of signing the document?
A1: money
Q2: What other methods were used to break up protests?
A2: riot police
Q3: Who did the New York Times report was investigating the school collapses?
A3: government officials
Q4: What are officials seeking to do about protesting parents?
A4: limit protests
Q5: What are officials offering parents in exchange of protests?
A5: money
Q6: What has happened to some who refuse to agree to not protest?
A6: were threatened
Q7: What did officials order Chinese news media to stop reporting?
A7: on school collapses