LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
LaserDisc (Engineering and technology)

Many early LDs were not manufactured properly; sometimes a substandard adhesive was used to sandwich together the two sides of the disc.[citation needed] The adhesive contained impurities that were able to penetrate the lacquer seal layer and chemically attack the metalized reflective aluminium layer, causing it to oxidize and lose its reflective characteristics. This was a problem that was termed "laser rot" among LD enthusiasts, also called "color flash" internally by LaserDisc-pressing plants. Some forms of laser rot could appear as black spots that looked like mold or burned plastic which cause the disc to skip and the movie to exhibit excessive speckling noise. But, for the most part, rotted discs could actually appear perfectly fine to the naked eye.

Q1: What substandard product was used in LD manufacturing that caused "laser rot"?
A1: adhesive
Q2: What was the internal name for "laser rot" within LD processing plants?
A2: "color flash"
Q3: What problems could occur with laser rot?
A3: black spots that looked like mold or burned plastic which cause the disc to skip and the movie to exhibit excessive speckling noise
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States (Philosophy and religion)

Many early immigrant groups traveled to America to worship freely, particularly after the English Civil War and religious conflict in France and Germany. They included nonconformists like the Puritans, who were Protestant Christians fleeing religious persecution from the Anglican King of England. Despite a common background, the groups' views on religious toleration were mixed. While some such as Roger Williams of Rhode Island and William Penn of Pennsylvania ensured the protection of religious minorities within their colonies, others like the Plymouth Colony and Massachusetts Bay Colony had established churches. The Dutch colony of New Netherland established the Dutch Reformed Church and outlawed all other worship, though enforcement was sparse. Religious conformity was desired partly for financial reasons: the established Church was responsible for poverty relief, putting dissenting churches at a significant disadvantage.

Q1: What was one of the reason early immigrant groups came to America?
A1: to worship freely
Q2: What were Protestant Christians fleeing from?
A2: religious persecution
Q3: Who was persecuting the Puritans?
A3: King of England
Q4: What did William Penn ensure the protection of in his colony?
A4: religious minorities
Q5: What did the Plymouth Colony and Massachusetts Bay Colony both establish?
A5: churches
Gramophone_record (Music)

Many electronic dance music and hip hop releases today are still preferred on vinyl; however, digital copies are still widely available. This is because for disc jockeys ("DJs"), vinyl has an advantage over the CD: direct manipulation of the medium. DJ techniques such as slip-cueing, beatmatching, and scratching originated on turntables. With CDs or compact audio cassettes one normally has only indirect manipulation options, e.g., the play, stop, and pause buttons. With a record one can place the stylus a few grooves farther in or out, accelerate or decelerate the turntable, or even reverse its direction, provided the stylus, record player, and record itself are built to withstand it. However, many CDJ and DJ advances, such as DJ software and time-encoded vinyl, now have these capabilities and more.

Q1: What is a reason a DJ would prefer vinyl to CD?
A1: direct manipulation
Q2: In what techniques would a DJ require a vinyl record?
A2: slip-cueing, beatmatching, and scratching
Q3: Are all turn tables capable of DJ manipulation of vinyl records?
A3: provided the stylus, record player, and record itself are built to withstand it
Q4: What is commonly preferred by DJs vinyl or CD?
A4: any electronic dance music and hip hop releases today are still preferred on vinyl
Q5: Had vinyl technology ceased expanding?
A5: However, many CDJ and DJ advances, such as DJ software and time-encoded vinyl, now have these capabilities and more.
Renewable_energy_commercialization (Engineering and technology)

Many energy markets, institutions, and policies have been developed to support the production and use of fossil fuels. Newer and cleaner technologies may offer social and environmental benefits, but utility operators often reject renewable resources because they are trained to think only in terms of big, conventional power plants. Consumers often ignore renewable power systems because they are not given accurate price signals about electricity consumption. Intentional market distortions (such as subsidies), and unintentional market distortions (such as split incentives) may work against renewables. Benjamin K. Sovacool has argued that "some of the most surreptitious, yet powerful, impediments facing renewable energy and energy efficiency in the United States are more about culture and institutions than engineering and science".

Q1: Why do utility operators often reject renewable resources?
A1: because they are trained to think only in terms of big, conventional power plants
Q2: Why do consumers often ignore renewable power systems?
A2: because they are not given accurate price signals about electricity consumption
Q3: Who argued that some of the problems facing renewable energy are more about culture and institutions than engineering and science?
A3: Benjamin K. Sovacool
Asthma (Natural sciences)

Many environmental factors have been associated with asthma's development and exacerbation including allergens, air pollution, and other environmental chemicals. Smoking during pregnancy and after delivery is associated with a greater risk of asthma-like symptoms. Low air quality from factors such as traffic pollution or high ozone levels, has been associated with both asthma development and increased asthma severity. Exposure to indoor volatile organic compounds may be a trigger for asthma; formaldehyde exposure, for example, has a positive association. Also, phthalates in certain types of PVC are associated with asthma in children and adults.

Q1: What are some of the enviromental factors that have been linked to asthma?
A1: allergens, air pollution, and other environmental chemicals
Q2: What two things are associated with a greater risk of asthma-like symptoms?
A2: Smoking during pregnancy and after delivery
Q3: What can cause symptoms and asthma serverity to change?
A3: Low air quality from factors such as traffic pollution or high ozone levels
Q4: Exposure to what compounds can also trigger asthma?
A4: indoor volatile organic compounds
Child_labour (Social sciences and society)

Many factors played a role in Britain’s long-term economic growth, such as the industrial revolution in the late 1700s and the prominent presence of child labour during the industrial age. Children who worked at an early age were often not forced; but did so because they needed to help their family survive financially. Due to poor employment opportunities for many parents, sending their children to work on farms and in factories was a way to help feed and support the family. Child Labour first started to occur in England when household businesses were turned into local labour markets that mass-produced the once homemade goods. Because children often helped produce the goods out of their homes, working in a factory to make those same goods was a simple change for many of these youths. Although there are many counts of children under the age of ten working for factories, the majority of children workers were between the ages of ten and fourteen. This age range was an important time for many youths as they were first helping to provide for their families; while also transitioning to save for their own future families.

Q1: If not forced why did children work?
A1: to help feed and support the family
Q2: What was the age of the majority of child workers in Britain?
A2: between the ages of ten and fourteen
Q3: Why was this age range important?
A3: they were first helping to provide for their families; while also transitioning to save for their own future families
Q4: How were the work oppurtunies for parents during this time period?
A4: poor
Green (Language and literature)

Many flags of the Islamic world are green, as the color is considered sacred in Islam (see below). The flag of Hamas, as well as the flag of Iran, is green, symbolizing their Islamist ideology. The 1977 flag of Libya consisted of a simple green field with no other characteristics. It was the only national flag in the world with just one color and no design, insignia, or other details. Some countries used green in their flags to represent their country's lush vegetation, as in the flag of Jamaica, and hope in the future, as in the flags of Portugal and Nigeria. The green cedar of Lebanon tree on the Flag of Lebanon officially represents steadiness and tolerance.

Q1: Which country had a flag in 1977 that was only green?
A1: Libya
Q2: What does the green in Jamaica's flag represent?
A2: country's lush vegetation
Q3: What does the green cedar of Lebanon tree represent on the Flag of Lebanon?
A3: steadiness and tolerance
Q4: Which color is considered sacred in Islam?
A4: green
British_Isles (Geography and places)

Many globally popular sports had modern rules codified in the British Isles, including golf, association football, cricket, rugby, snooker and darts, as well as many minor sports such as croquet, bowls, pitch and putt, water polo and handball. A number of sports are popular throughout the British Isles, the most prominent of which is association football. While this is organised separately in different national associations, leagues and national teams, even within the UK, it is a common passion in all parts of the islands. Rugby union is also widely enjoyed across the islands with four national teams from England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. The British and Irish Lions is a team chosen from each national team and undertakes tours of the southern hemisphere rugby playing nations every four years. Ireland play as a united team, represented by players from both Northern Ireland and the Republic. These national rugby teams play each other each year for the Triple Crown as part of the Six Nations Championship. Also since 2001 the professional club teams of Ireland, Scotland, Wales and Italy compete against each other in the RaboDirect Pro12.

Q1: What are some of the minor sports in the United Kingdom?
A1: croquet, bowls, pitch and putt
Q2: What is the most popular sport in the United Kingdom?
A2: association football
Q3: How many national Ruby teams are there in the United Kingdom?
A3: four
Q4: In which hemisphere do the rugby playing countries meet once every four years?
A4: southern hemisphere
Q5: How often do the national rugby teams play for the Triple Crown?
A5: each year
Airport (Engineering and technology)

Many ground crew at the airport work at the aircraft. A tow tractor pulls the aircraft to one of the airbridges, The ground power unit is plugged in. It keeps the electricity running in the plane when it stands at the terminal. The engines are not working, therefore they do not generate the electricity, as they do in flight. The passengers disembark using the airbridge. Mobile stairs can give the ground crew more access to the aircraft's cabin. There is a cleaning service to clean the aircraft after the aircraft lands. Flight catering provides the food and drinks on flights. A toilet waste truck removes the human waste from the tank which holds the waste from the toilets in the aircraft. A water truck fills the water tanks of the aircraft. A fuel transfer vehicle transfers aviation fuel from fuel tanks underground, to the aircraft tanks. A tractor and its dollies bring in luggage from the terminal to the aircraft. They also carry luggage to the terminal if the aircraft has landed, and is being unloaded. Hi-loaders lift the heavy luggage containers to the gate of the cargo hold. The ground crew push the luggage containers into the hold. If it has landed, they rise, the ground crew push the luggage container on the hi-loader, which carries it down. The luggage container is then pushed on one of the tractors dollies. The conveyor, which is a conveyor belt on a truck, brings in the awkwardly shaped, or late luggage. The airbridge is used again by the new passengers to embark the aircraft. The tow tractor pushes the aircraft away from the terminal to a taxi area. The aircraft should be off of the airport and in the air in 90 minutes. The airport charges the airline for the time the aircraft spends at the airport.

Q1: What pulls the aircraft to one of the airbridges?
A1: tow tractor
Q2: What keeps the electricity running in the plane when it stands at the terminal?
A2: ground power unit
Q3: The passengers disembark using what?
A3: airbridge
Q4: What can give the ground crew more clearance after the aircraft lands?
A4: Mobile stairs
Q5: How long should it take for an aircraft to be off the airport and in the air?
A5: 90 minutes
Hunter-gatherer (Natural sciences)

Many groups continued their hunter-gatherer ways of life, although their numbers have continually declined, partly as a result of pressure from growing agricultural and pastoral communities. Many of them reside in the developing world, either in arid regions or tropical forests. Areas that were formerly available to hunter-gatherers were—and continue to be—encroached upon by the settlements of agriculturalists. In the resulting competition for land use, hunter-gatherer societies either adopted these practices or moved to other areas. In addition, Jared Diamond has blamed a decline in the availability of wild foods, particularly animal resources. In North and South America, for example, most large mammal species had gone extinct by the end of the Pleistocene—according to Diamond, because of overexploitation by humans, although the overkill hypothesis he advocates is strongly contested.[by whom?]

Q1: Where do many modern day hunter-gatherers live?
A1: in the developing world
Q2: In what type of climate do hunter-gatherers live?
A2: arid regions or tropical forests
Q3: What kind of human life-style is pushing hunter-gatherers out of their environment?
A3: settlements of agriculturalists
Q4: What has Jared Diamond blamed the decline of gatherers on?
A4: availability of wild foods
Q5: What type of food animal went extict by the end of the Pleistocene era?
A5: large mammal species
Pope_John_XXIII (Philosophy and religion)

Many had considered Giovanni Battista Montini, the Archbishop of Milan, a possible candidate, but, although he was the archbishop of one of the most ancient and prominent sees in Italy, he had not yet been made a cardinal. Though his absence from the 1958 conclave did not make him ineligible – under Canon Law any Catholic male who is capable of receiving priestly ordination and episcopal consecration may be elected – the College of Cardinals usually chose the new pontiff from among the Cardinals who head archdioceses or departments of the Roman Curia that attend the papal conclave. At the time, as opposed to contemporary practice, the participating Cardinals did not have to be below age 80 to vote, there were few Eastern-rite Cardinals, and no Cardinals who were just priests at the time of their elevation.

Q1: Who was the Archbishop of Milan?
A1: Giovanni Battista Montini
Q2: New pontiffs are chosen from Cardinals who head what?
A2: archdioceses or departments of the Roman Curia
Q3: When was Montini absent from the conclave?
A3: 1958
Hyderabad (Geography and places)

Many historic and tourist sites lie in south central Hyderabad, such as the Charminar, the Mecca Masjid, the Salar Jung Museum, the Nizam's Museum, the Falaknuma Palace, and the traditional retail corridor comprising the Pearl Market, Laad Bazaar and Madina Circle. North of the river are hospitals, colleges, major railway stations and business areas such as Begum Bazaar, Koti, Abids, Sultan Bazaar and Moazzam Jahi Market, along with administrative and recreational establishments such as the Reserve Bank of India, the Telangana Secretariat, the Hyderabad Mint, the Telangana Legislature, the Public Gardens, the Nizam Club, the Ravindra Bharathi, the State Museum, the Birla Temple and the Birla Planetarium.

Q1: In what region of Hyderabad is Mecca Masjid?
A1: south central Hyderabad
Q2: On what side of the river is Begum Bazaar?
A2: North
Q3: South central Hyderabad is generally the home to what attractions?
A3: historic and tourist sites
Dialect (Language and literature)

Many historical linguists view any speech form as a dialect of the older medium of communication from which it developed.[citation needed] This point of view sees the modern Romance languages as dialects of Latin, modern Greek as a dialect of Ancient Greek, Tok Pisin as a dialect of English, and North Germanic as dialects of Old Norse. This paradigm is not entirely problem-free. It sees genetic relationships as paramount: the "dialects" of a "language" (which itself may be a "dialect" of a yet older language) may or may not be mutually intelligible. Moreover, a parent language may spawn several "dialects" which themselves subdivide any number of times, with some "branches" of the tree changing more rapidly than others.

Q1: From the perspective of historical linguists, what are Romance languages dialects of?
A1: Latin
Q2: What do many historical linguists consider modern Greek to be a dialect of?
A2: Ancient Greek
Q3: From what language is North Germanic derived?
A3: Old Norse
Q4: Tok Pisin might be regarded as a dialect of what language?
A4: English
New_Haven,_Connecticut (Geography and places)

Many historical sites exist throughout the city, including 59 properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Of these, nine are among the 60 U.S. National Historic Landmarks in Connecticut. The New Haven Green, one of the National Historic Landmarks, was formed in 1638, and is home to three 19th-century churches. Below one of the churches (referred to as the Center Church on-the-Green) lies a 17th-century crypt, which is open to visitors. Some of the more famous burials include the first wife of Benedict Arnold and the aunt and grandmother of President Rutherford B. Hayes; Hayes visited the crypt while President in 1880. The Old Campus of Yale University is located next to the Green, and includes Connecticut Hall, Yale's oldest building and a National Historic Landmark. The Hillhouse Avenue area, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is also a part of Yale's campus, has been called a walkable museum, due to its 19th-century mansions and street scape; Charles Dickens is said to have called Hillhouse Avenue "the most beautiful street in America" when visiting the city in 1868.

Q1: How many properties in New Haven are featured on the National Register of Historic Places? 
A1: 59
Q2: In 1868, which famous author is reported to have declared New Haven's Hillhouse Avenue to be "the most beautiful street in America?"
A2: Charles Dickens
Q3: Of the three churches flanking New Haven Green, which is home to a notorious 17th century crypt?
A3: Center Church on-the-Green
Q4: What famous American traitor has a first wife buried in a 17th century crypt in a New Haven church flanking New Haven Green?
A4: Benedict Arnold
Q5: What structure of Yale University, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, holds the distinction of being the oldest building on campus?
A5: Connecticut Hall
Q6: According to the National Register of Historic Places how many historical sites are there in New Haven? 
A6: 59
Q7: In what year was the famous The New Haven Green founded?
A7: 1638
Q8: What tourist spot can be found directly underneath the New Haven Green?
A8: a 17th-century crypt
Q9: Yale University also contains a historical site within it campus, the name of it?
A9: Hillhouse Avenue
Hunter-gatherer (Natural sciences)

Many hunter-gatherers consciously manipulate the landscape through cutting or burning undesirable plants while encouraging desirable ones, some even going to the extent of slash-and-burn to create habitat for game animals. These activities are on an entirely different scale to those associated with agriculture, but they are nevertheless domestication on some level. Today, almost all hunter-gatherers depend to some extent upon domesticated food sources either produced part-time or traded for products acquired in the wild.

Q1: What do hunter-gathers intentionally manipulate?
A1: the landscape
Q2: How do they manage the landscape?
A2: cutting or burning undesirable plants
Q3: What technique do they use to make animal habitats?
A3: slash-and-burn
Q4: What is the manipulation of the landscape associated with?
A4: agriculture
Q5: What do modern hunter-gatherers depend on at least somewhat?
A5: domesticated food
Bacteria (Natural sciences)

Many important biochemical reactions, such as energy generation, use concentration gradients across membranes. The general lack of internal membranes in bacteria means reactions such as electron transport occur across the cell membrane between the cytoplasm and the periplasmic space. However, in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and fills most of the cell with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering complexes may even form lipid-enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria. Other proteins import nutrients across the cell membrane, or expel undesired molecules from the cytoplasm.

Q1: What is crucial for biochemical reactions?
A1: concentration gradients across membranes
Q2: How does electron transit occur in bacteria?
A2: between the cytoplasm and the periplasmic space
Q3: What kind of membrane do bacteria cells are filled with?
A3: light-gathering membrane
Q4: Can membrane of bacteria create lipid structure?
A4: light-gathering complexes may even form lipid-enclosed structures
Insect (Natural sciences)

Many insects are considered pests by humans. Insects commonly regarded as pests include those that are parasitic (e.g. lice, bed bugs), transmit diseases (mosquitoes, flies), damage structures (termites), or destroy agricultural goods (locusts, weevils). Many entomologists are involved in various forms of pest control, as in research for companies to produce insecticides, but increasingly rely on methods of biological pest control, or biocontrol. Biocontrol uses one organism to reduce the population density of another organism — the pest — and is considered a key element of integrated pest management.

Q1: Humans consider insects as what?
A1: pests
Q2: Lice and bed bugs are considered what kind of insect?
A2: parasitic
Q3: Flies and what other kind of insect transmit diseases?
A3: mosquitoes
Q4: What kind of insect can damage architectural structures?
A4: termites
Q5: Locusts destroy what?
A5: agricultural goods