LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Culture (Philosophy and religion)

Cambridge English Dictionary states that culture is, "the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time." Terror Management Theory posits that culture is a series of activities and worldviews that provide humans with the illusion of being individuals of value in a world meaning—raising themselves above the merely physical aspects of existence, in order to deny the animal insignificance and death that Homo Sapiens became aware of when they acquired a larger brain.

Q1:  How does the Cambridge English Dictionary define "Culture" in short?
A1: the way of life
Q2: What is the name of this theory that culture is a series of activities and world views?
A2: Terror Management Theory
Q3: What did Homo Sapiens acquire that allowed them to become aware of Culture?
A3: larger brain
Crimean_War (History)

Camillo di Cavour, under orders of Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont-Sardinia, sent an expeditionary corps of 15,000 soldiers, commanded by General Alfonso La Marmora, to side with French and British forces during the war.:111–12 This was an attempt at gaining the favour of the French, especially when the issue of uniting Italy would become an important matter. The deployment of Italian troops to the Crimea, and the gallantry shown by them in the Battle of the Chernaya (16 August 1855) and in the siege of Sevastopol, allowed the Kingdom of Sardinia to be among the participants at the peace conference at the end of the war, where it could address the issue of the Risorgimento to other European powers.

Q1: Who gave Camillo di Cavour the orders to send soldiers to aid the French and British forces?
A1: Victor Emmanuel II
Q2: Camillo di Cavour sent how many troops to aid the French and British forces?
A2: 15,000
Q3: Who commanded the soldiers sent by Camillo di Cavour?
A3: General Alfonso La Marmora
Q4: The Battle of the Chernaya took place in what year?
A4: 1855
Q5: Where was Victor Emmanuel II from?
A5: Piedmont-Sardinia
Insect (Natural sciences)

Camouflage is an important defense strategy, which involves the use of coloration or shape to blend into the surrounding environment. This sort of protective coloration is common and widespread among beetle families, especially those that feed on wood or vegetation, such as many of the leaf beetles (family Chrysomelidae) or weevils. In some of these species, sculpturing or various colored scales or hairs cause the beetle to resemble bird dung or other inedible objects. Many of those that live in sandy environments blend in with the coloration of the substrate. Most phasmids are known for effectively replicating the forms of sticks and leaves, and the bodies of some species (such as O. macklotti and Palophus centaurus) are covered in mossy or lichenous outgrowths that supplement their disguise. Some species have the ability to change color as their surroundings shift (B. scabrinota, T. californica). In a further behavioral adaptation to supplement crypsis, a number of species have been noted to perform a rocking motion where the body is swayed from side to side that is thought to reflect the movement of leaves or twigs swaying in the breeze. Another method by which stick insects avoid predation and resemble twigs is by feigning death (catalepsy), where the insect enters a motionless state that can be maintained for a long period. The nocturnal feeding habits of adults also aids Phasmatodea in remaining concealed from predators.

Q1: What is an important defense strategy for insects to survive?
A1: Camouflage
Q2: What does coloration and shape help an insect do in the surrounding environment?
A2: blend
Q3: Protective coloring is common in what insect family?
A3: beetle
Q4: What is Chrysomelidae?
A4: leaf beetles
Q5: A beetle can resemble what kind of dung?
A5: bird dung
Detroit (Geography and places)

Campus Martius, a reconfiguration of downtown's main intersection as a new park was opened in 2004. The park has been cited as one of the best public spaces in the United States. The city's riverfront has been the focus of redevelopment, following successful examples of other older industrial cities. In 2001, the first portion of the International Riverfront was completed as a part of the city's 300th anniversary celebration, with miles of parks and associated landscaping completed in succeeding years. In 2011, the Port Authority Passenger Terminal opened with the river walk connecting Hart Plaza to the Renaissance Center.

Q1: In which year was Campus Martius open?
A1: 2004
Q2: What area has Detroit been trying to redevelop?
A2: riverfront
Q3: In which year did Detroit celebrate it's 300th anniversary?
A3: 2001
Q4: What opened in 2011?
A4: Port Authority Passenger Terminal
Q5: Which two areas were connected by the Port Authority Passenger Terminal?
A5: Hart Plaza to the Renaissance Center
Nonprofit_organization (Social sciences and society)

Canada allows nonprofits to be incorporated or unincorporated. Nonprofits may incorporate either federally, under Part II of the Canada Business Corporations Act or under provincial legislation. Many of the governing Acts for Canadian nonprofits date to the early 1900s, meaning that nonprofit legislation has not kept pace with legislation that governs for-profit corporations; particularly with regards to corporate governance. Federal, and in some provinces (such as Ontario), incorporation is by way of Letters Patent, and any change to the Letters Patent (even a simple name change) requires formal approval by the appropriate government, as do by-law changes. Other provinces (such as Alberta) permit incorporation as of right, by the filing of Articles of Incorporation or Articles of Association.

Q1: How are NPOs classified in Canada?
A1: incorporated or unincorporated
Q2: How has Canada's government kept up with the changing forms of NPOs?
A2: nonprofit legislation has not kept pace with legislation that governs for-profit corporations
Q3: How do NPOs change their by-laws, if they had to apply for incorporation by Letters Permit, in Canada?
A3: formal approval by the appropriate government
Q4: How does Alberta handle NPOs filing for incorporation?
A4: by the filing of Articles of Incorporation or Articles of Association
Q5: How is incorporation handled in Ontario?
A5: Letters Patent
Nonprofit_organization (Social sciences and society)

Canada also permits a variety of charities (including public and private foundations). Charitable status is granted by the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) upon application by a nonprofit; charities are allowed to issue income tax receipts to donors, must spend a certain percentage of their assets (including cash, investments and fixed assets) and file annual reports in order to maintain their charitable status. In determining whether an organization can become a charity, CRA applies a common law test to its stated objects and activities. These must be:

Q1: Who grants a charitable status to an NPO in Canada?
A1: Canada Revenue Agency (CRA)
Q2: What are donors to receive from a NPO?
A2: income tax receipts
Q3: How does an NPO keep their charitable status?
A3: file annual reports
Q4: How does the Canada Revenue Agency decide who can have a charitable status?
A4: a common law test to its stated objects and activities
Q5: What kinds of assets must the NPO spend in order to keep it's charitable status?
A5: cash, investments and fixed assets
Asphalt (Natural sciences)

Canada has the world's largest deposit of natural bitumen in the Athabasca oil sands and Canadian First Nations along the Athabasca River had long used it to waterproof their canoes. In 1719, a Cree Indian named Wa-Pa-Su brought a sample for trade to Henry Kelsey of the Hudson’s Bay Company, who was the first recorded European to see it. However, it wasn't until 1787 that fur trader and explorer Alexander MacKenzie saw the Athabasca oil sands and said, "At about 24 miles from the fork (of the Athabasca and Clearwater Rivers) are some bituminous fountains into which a pole of 20 feet long may be inserted without the least resistance."

Q1: What country has the largest deposits of bitumen?
A1: Canada
Q2: For what  did Canadian natives use asphalt as a waterproofing material?
A2: canoes
Q3: Who was the first European trader to see asphalt?
A3: Henry Kelsey
Q4:  For what trading company did Kelsey work?
A4: Hudson’s Bay Company
Q5: Who was the first European to see the Athabascan oil sands?
A5: Alexander MacKenzie
Canadian_Armed_Forces (Warfare)

Canada's Armed forces operate out of 27 Canadian Forces bases (CFB) across the country, including NDHQ. This number has been gradually reduced since the 1970s with bases either being closed or merged. Both officers and non-commissioned members receive their basic training at the Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu. Officers will generally either directly enter the Canadian Armed Forces with a degree from a civilian university, or receive their commission upon graduation from the Royal Military College of Canada. Specific element and trade training is conducted at a variety of institutions throughout Canada, and to a lesser extent, the world.

Q1: How many Canadian Forces bases are there in Canada?
A1: 27
Q2: Where do Canadian Forces members go for training?
A2: Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu
Q3: What is the place called where initial training happens?
A3: Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School
Prime_minister (Social sciences and society)

Canada's constitution, being a 'mixed' or hybrid constitution (a constitution that is partly formally codified and partly uncodified) originally did not make any reference whatsoever to a prime minister, with her or his specific duties and method of appointment instead dictated by "convention". In the Constitution Act, 1982, passing reference to a "Prime Minister of Canada" is added, though only regarding the composition of conferences of federal and provincial first ministers.

Q1: Which law first referred to the prime minister in Canada?
A1: the Constitution Act
Q2: When was the Constitution Act passed?
A2: 1982
Q3: The Constitution Act mentions the prime minister in the context of which kinds of other ministers?
A3: federal and provincial first ministers
Asphalt (Natural sciences)

Canadian bitumen does not differ substantially from oils such as Venezuelan extra-heavy and Mexican heavy oil in chemical composition, and the real difficulty is moving the extremely viscous bitumen through oil pipelines to the refinery. Many modern oil refineries are extremely sophisticated and can process non-upgraded bitumen directly into products such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and refined asphalt without any preprocessing. This is particularly common in areas such as the US Gulf coast, where refineries were designed to process Venezuelan and Mexican oil, and in areas such as the US Midwest where refineries were rebuilt to process heavy oil as domestic light oil production declined. Given the choice, such heavy oil refineries usually prefer to buy bitumen rather than synthetic oil because the cost is lower, and in some cases because they prefer to produce more diesel fuel and less gasoline. By 2015 Canadian production and exports of non-upgraded bitumen exceeded that of synthetic crude oil at over 1.3 million barrels (210×10^3 m3) per day, of which about 65% was exported to the United States.

Q1: What property of bitumen makes it difficult to move through pipelines?
A1: extremely viscous
Q2: What industry is capable of refining bitumen directly into gasoline without preprocessing?
A2: modern oil refineries
Q3: Why do refineries like to buy bitumen instead of synthetic oil?
A3: cost is lower
Q4: How much Canadian bitumen was exported to the US by 2015?
A4: 65%
Canadian_Armed_Forces (Warfare)

Canadian defence policy today is based on the Canada First Defence Strategy, introduced in 2008. Based on that strategy, the Canadian military is oriented and being equipped to carry out six core missions within Canada, in North America and globally. Specifically, the Canadian Armed Forces are tasked with having the capacity to:

Q1: What is Canada's defense policy based on?
A1: Canada First Defence Strategy
Q2: When was the Canada First Defence Strategy introduced?
A2: 2008
Q3: How many missions are carried out internally in Canada?
A3: six core missions
Q4: What other location does the Canada First Defence Strategy Cover?
A4: North America
Canadian_football (Sports and recreation)

Canadian football has mostly been confined to Canada, with the United States being the only other country to have hosted a high-level Canadian football game. The CFL's controversial "South Division" as it would come to be officially known attempted to put CFL teams in the United States playing under Canadian rules between 1992 and 1995. The move was aborted after three years; the Baltimore Stallions were the most successful of the numerous Americans teams to play in the CFL, winning the 83rd Grey Cup. Continuing financial losses, a lack of proper Canadian football venues, a pervasive belief that the American teams were simply pawns to provide the struggling Canadian teams with expansion fee revenue, and the return of the NFL to Baltimore prompted the end of Canadian football on the American side of the border.

Q1: Which one country besides Canada has hosted a professional Canadian football game?
A1: United States
Q2: In which year did the CFL first attempt an expansion into the United States?
A2: 1992
Q3: Which American CFL team won the Grey Cup?
A3: Baltimore Stallions
Q4: The return of an NFL team to which city contributed to the demise of the CFL's American expansion?
A4: Baltimore
Q5: How many years did the CFL South Division last?
A5: three
Canadian_football (Sports and recreation)

Canadian football is also played at the high school, junior, collegiate, and semi-professional levels: the Canadian Junior Football League, formed May 8, 1974, and Quebec Junior Football League are leagues for players aged 18–22, many post-secondary institutions compete in Canadian Interuniversity Sport for the Vanier Cup, and senior leagues such as the Alberta Football League have grown in popularity in recent years. Great achievements in Canadian football are enshrined in the Canadian Football Hall of Fame.

Q1: On which date was the Canadian Junior Football League formed?
A1: May 8, 1974
Q2: How old are the players in the Quebec Junior Football League?
A2: 18–22
Q3: What trophy is awarded to the winner of Canadian inter-university football competition?
A3: Vanier Cup
Q4: What institution memorializes great Canadian football achievements?
A4: Canadian Football Hall of Fame
Nutrition (Agriculture, food, and drink)

Cancer is now common in developing countries. According to a study by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, "In the developing world, cancers of the liver, stomach and esophagus were more common, often linked to consumption of carcinogenic preserved foods, such as smoked or salted food, and parasitic infections that attack organs." Lung cancer rates are rising rapidly in poorer nations because of increased use of tobacco. Developed countries "tended to have cancers linked to affluence or a 'Western lifestyle' — cancers of the colon, rectum, breast and prostate — that can be caused by obesity, lack of exercise, diet and age."

Q1: Which health issue is now becoming a common issue in developing countries?
A1: Cancer
Q2: Which organization did a study on cancer in developing countries?
A2: International Agency for Research on Cancer
Q3: What were cancers such as liver cancer or stomach cancer found to have a link to?
A3: consumption of carcinogenic preserved foods
Q4: The rise of lung cancer in poor nations can be attributed to the use of which product?
A4: tobacco
Q5: Obesity, lack of exercise, age and diet are risk factors attributed to cancer that are all apart of what kind of lifestyle?
A5: Western
Freemasonry (Unknown)

Candidates for Freemasonry will have met most active members of the Lodge they are joining before they are initiated. The process varies between jurisdictions, but the candidate will typically have been introduced by a friend at a Lodge social function, or at some form of open evening in the Lodge. In modern times, interested people often track down a local Lodge through the Internet. The onus is on candidates to ask to join; while candidates may be encouraged to ask, they are never invited. Once the initial inquiry is made, an interview usually follows to determine the candidate's suitability. If the candidate decides to proceed from here, the Lodge ballots on the application before he (or she, depending on the Masonic Jurisdiction) can be accepted.

Q1: How are Freemasons invited to join a lodge?
A1: they are never invited
Q2: How does one become a Freemason?
A2: The onus is on candidates to ask to join
Q3: Can women ask to be a member of the Masonic Lodge?
A3: depending on the Masonic Jurisdiction
Q4: How can you find a lodge to ask to be a member of?
A4: track down a local Lodge through the Internet
Q5: Candidates for Freemasonry must do what before being initiated? 
A5: will have met most active members of the Lodge they are joining
Q6: Candidates are normally introduced to the lodge by whom?
A6: a friend
Q7: Now days, many interested people find a Masonic Lodge using what?
A7: the Internet
Q8: Candidates are never what to a Masonic lodge?
A8: never invited
Q9: What usually follows an initial inquiry of a candidate?
A9: an interview
Canon_law (Philosophy and religion)

Canon law is the body of laws and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (Church leadership), for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members. It is the internal ecclesiastical law governing the Catholic Church (both Latin Church and Eastern Catholic Churches), the Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches, and the individual national churches within the Anglican Communion. The way that such church law is legislated, interpreted and at times adjudicated varies widely among these three bodies of churches. In all three traditions, a canon was originally a rule adopted by a church council; these canons formed the foundation of canon law.

Q1: What is the name for the rules issued by the heads of the Church?
A1: Canon law
Q2: In what type of religion are canon laws applicable?
A2: Christian
Q3: Which institutions make up the Catholic Church?
A3: Latin Church and Eastern Catholic Churches
Q4: What body was first responsible for creating canon?
A4: church council
Q5: What does canon law consist of?
A5: canons
Canon_law (Philosophy and religion)

Canonical jurisprudential theory generally follows the principles of Aristotelian-Thomistic legal philosophy. While the term "law" is never explicitly defined in the Code, the Catechism of the Catholic Church cites Aquinas in defining law as "...an ordinance of reason for the common good, promulgated by the one who is in charge of the community" and reformulates it as "...a rule of conduct enacted by competent authority for the sake of the common good."

Q1: What school of thought serves as a model for canon theory?
A1: Aristotelian-Thomistic
Q2: Which philosopher is quoted by the Catechism?
A2: Aquinas
Q3: What word is not specifically given meaning in the Code of the Church?
A3: law
Q4: What does Aquinas define as the aim toward which law is working?
A4: the common good
Q5: What term expresses the idea of law derived from Aquinas as interpreted by the Catechism?
A5: a rule of conduct
Capacitor (Engineering and technology)

Capacitors are connected in parallel with the power circuits of most electronic devices and larger systems (such as factories) to shunt away and conceal current fluctuations from the primary power source to provide a "clean" power supply for signal or control circuits. Audio equipment, for example, uses several capacitors in this way, to shunt away power line hum before it gets into the signal circuitry. The capacitors act as a local reserve for the DC power source, and bypass AC currents from the power supply. This is used in car audio applications, when a stiffening capacitor compensates for the inductance and resistance of the leads to the lead-acid car battery.

Q1: Why are capacitors connected in parallel with the power circuits of many devices and large systems?
A1: to provide a "clean" power supply for signal or control circuits
Q2: How do the capacitors connected in parallel act with currents from the power supply?
A2: as a local reserve for the DC power source
Q3: What is one value a stiffening capacitor accounts for when used in for car audio purposes?
A3: the inductance
Q4: What is another value a stiffening capacitor accounts for when used in for car audio purposes?
A4: resistance
Q5: What do parallel capacitors do to fluctuating current in order to deliver "clean" power for control circuits?
A5: conceal current fluctuations
Capacitor (Engineering and technology)

Capacitors made with any type of dielectric material will show some level of "dielectric absorption" or "soakage". On discharging a capacitor and disconnecting it, after a short time it may develop a voltage due to hysteresis in the dielectric. This effect can be objectionable in applications such as precision sample and hold circuits or timing circuits. The level of absorption depends on many factors, from design considerations to charging time, since the absorption is a time-dependent process. However, the primary factor is the type of dielectric material. Capacitors such as tantalum electrolytic or polysulfone film exhibit very high absorption, while polystyrene or Teflon allow very small levels of absorption. In some capacitors where dangerous voltages and energies exist, such as in flashtubes, television sets, and defibrillators, the dielectric absorption can recharge the capacitor to hazardous voltages after it has been shorted or discharged. Any capacitor containing over 10 joules of energy is generally considered hazardous, while 50 joules or higher is potentially lethal. A capacitor may regain anywhere from 0.01 to 20% of its original charge over a period of several minutes, allowing a seemingly safe capacitor to become surprisingly dangerous.

Q1: After discharging and disconnecting a capacitor, what causes it to develop a voltage?
A1: hysteresis in the dielectric
Q2: What does the process of dielectric absorption in a capacitor depend on?
A2: time-dependent
Q3: What level of dielectric absorption would a tantalum electrolytic capacitor display? 
A3: very high absorption
Q4: What level of dielectric absorption would a Teflon capacitor exhibit?
A4: very small levels of absorption
Q5: What amount of energy must a capacitor contain in order to be generally considered dangerous? 
A5: over 10 joules of energy
Capacitor (Engineering and technology)

Capacitors may catastrophically fail when subjected to voltages or currents beyond their rating, or as they reach their normal end of life. Dielectric or metal interconnection failures may create arcing that vaporizes the dielectric fluid, resulting in case bulging, rupture, or even an explosion. Capacitors used in RF or sustained high-current applications can overheat, especially in the center of the capacitor rolls. Capacitors used within high-energy capacitor banks can violently explode when a short in one capacitor causes sudden dumping of energy stored in the rest of the bank into the failing unit. High voltage vacuum capacitors can generate soft X-rays even during normal operation. Proper containment, fusing, and preventive maintenance can help to minimize these hazards.

Q1: What could cause the failure of a capacitor?
A1: when subjected to voltages or currents beyond their rating
Q2: What can happen to capacitors used in high current applications?
A2: overheat
Q3: What can happen to capacitors used in high energy capacitor banks?
A3: violently explode
Q4: What type of capacitors can generate soft x-rays?
A4: High voltage vacuum capacitors
Q5: What is one way to help minimize capacitor dangers?
A5: preventive maintenance