LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Space_Race (History)

The greater advances of the Soviet space program at the time allowed their space program to achieve other significant firsts, including the first EVA "spacewalk" and the first mission performed by a crew in shirt-sleeves. Gemini took a year longer than planned to accomplish its first flight, allowing the Soviets to achieve another first, launching Voskhod 1 on October 12, 1964, the first spacecraft with a three-cosmonaut crew. The USSR touted another technological achievement during this mission: it was the first space flight during which cosmonauts performed in a shirt-sleeve-environment. However, flying without spacesuits was not due to safety improvements in the Soviet spacecraft's environmental systems; rather this innovation was accomplished because the craft's limited cabin space did not allow for spacesuits. Flying without spacesuits exposed the cosmonauts to significant risk in the event of potentially fatal cabin depressurization. This feat would not be repeated until the US Apollo Command Module flew in 1968; this later mission was designed from the outset to safely transport three astronauts in a shirt-sleeve environment while in space.

Q1: On what date was the first successful three man astronaut crew?
A1: October 12, 1964
Q2: The first flight in a spacecraft that allowed no suits to be worn inside was was?
A2: Voskhod 1
Q3: The US Apollo Command Module flew without spacesuits in what year?
A3: 1968
Mosaic (Art and architecture)

The greatest mosaic work of the Palaeologan renaissance in art is the decoration of the Chora Church in Constantinople. Although the mosaics of the naos have not survived except three panels, the decoration of the exonarthex and the esonarthex constitute the most important full-scale mosaic cycle in Constantinople after the Hagia Sophia. They were executed around 1320 by the command of Theodore Metochites. The esonarthex has two fluted domes, specially created to provide the ideal setting for the mosaic images of the ancestors of Christ. The southern one is called the Dome of the Pantokrator while the northern one is the Dome of the Theotokos. The most important panel of the esonarthex depicts Theodore Metochites wearing a huge turban, offering the model of the church to Christ. The walls of both narthexes are decorated with mosaic cycles from the life of the Virgin and the life of Christ. These panels show the influence of the Italian trecento on Byzantine art especially the more natural settings, landscapes, figures.

Q1: where is the greatest mosaic work of the renaissance?
A1: the Chora Church in Constantinople
Q2: How many mosaic panels from naos have survived?
A2: three
Q3: The panels of naos are only capped in importance by which other location?
A3: the Hagia Sophia
Q4: Who commissioned the mosaics at naos?
A4: Theodore Metochites
Q5: The panels from naos show what influence on Byzantine art. 
A5: Italian trecento
Gothic_architecture (Art and architecture)

The greatest number of surviving Gothic buildings are churches. These range from tiny chapels to large cathedrals, and although many have been extended and altered in different styles, a large number remain either substantially intact or sympathetically restored, demonstrating the form, character and decoration of Gothic architecture. The Gothic style is most particularly associated with the great cathedrals of Northern France, the Low Countries, England and Spain, with other fine examples occurring across Europe.

Q1: What type of structures remaining today have the largest amount of examples of the Gothic style?
A1: churches
Q2: What is one region with which the Gothic style is distinctly connected with?
A2: Northern France
Q3: What is another region with which the Gothic style is distinctly connected with?
A3: the Low Countries
Q4: What is one country with which the Gothic style is distinctly connected with?
A4: England
Q5: What is another country with which the Gothic style is distinctly connected with?
A5: Spain
Wood (Natural sciences)

The greatest strength increase due to drying is in the ultimate crushing strength, and strength at elastic limit in endwise compression; these are followed by the modulus of rupture, and stress at elastic limit in cross-bending, while the modulus of elasticity is least affected.

Q1: What type of "ultimate" strength is one of the two types increased the most by drying wood?
A1: crushing
Q2: What property of wood is least affected by drying?
A2: elasticity
Q3: Is strength at elastic limit in endwise compression or stress at elastic limit in cross-bending increased more by drying wood?
A3: strength at elastic limit in endwise compression
Q4: Is the strength of the modulus of rupture or elasticity increased more when wood is dried?
A4: modulus of rupture
Poultry (Natural sciences)

The greylag goose (Anser anser) was domesticated by the Egyptians at least 3000 years ago, and a different wild species, the swan goose (Anser cygnoides), domesticated in Siberia about a thousand years later, is known as a Chinese goose. The two hybridise with each other and the large knob at the base of the beak, a noticeable feature of the Chinese goose, is present to a varying extent in these hybrids. The hybrids are fertile and have resulted in several of the modern breeds. Despite their early domestication, geese have never gained the commercial importance of chickens and ducks.

Q1: When was the greylag goose first domesticated by humans?
A1: The greylag goose (Anser anser) was domesticated by the Egyptians at least 3000 years ago
Q2: What other name is the swan goose know by ?
A2: Chinese goose
Q3: Where is it believed that the greylag goose was first domesticated in theworld?
A3: Siberia
Q4: Are geese an important part of the poultry industry?
A4: Despite their early domestication, geese have never gained the commercial importance of chickens and ducks.
New_Delhi (Geography and places)

The gross state domestic product (GSDP) of Delhi at current prices for the year 2011-12 has been estimated at Rs 3.13 lakh crore, which is an increase of 18.7 per cent over the previous fiscal.

Q1: What was the gross state domestic product of Delhi for 2011-12?
A1: Rs 3.13 lakh crore
Q2: The GSDP of Delhi increased by what percentage over the previous year in 2011-12?
A2: 18.7
Q3: In which fiscal year was the GSDP of Delhi estimated at Rs 3.13 lakh crore?
A3: 2011-12
Q4: Did the GSDP of Delhi in 2011-12 increase or decrease from the previous fiscal year?
A4: increase
United_States_Air_Force (Warfare)

The ground-attack aircraft of the USAF are designed to attack targets on the ground and are often deployed as close air support for, and in proximity to, U.S. ground forces. The proximity to friendly forces require precision strikes from these aircraft that are not possible with bomber aircraft listed below. They are typically deployed as close air support to ground forces, their role is tactical rather than strategic, operating at the front of the battle rather than against targets deeper in the enemy's rear.

Q1: What are the ground-attack aircraft in the USAF usually deployed in support for? 
A1: U.S. ground forces
Q2: What does the closeness to friendly troops require of these US Air Force aircraft?
A2: precision strikes
Q3: What part of a battle line are the precision strike aircraft of the USAF deployed?
A3: front of the battle
Q4: What type of aircraft is not appropriate to be used in close proximity of US ground troops? 
A4: bomber aircraft
Beyoncé (Music)

The group changed their name to Destiny's Child in 1996, based upon a passage in the Book of Isaiah. In 1997, Destiny's Child released their major label debut song "Killing Time" on the soundtrack to the 1997 film, Men in Black. The following year, the group released their self-titled debut album, scoring their first major hit "No, No, No". The album established the group as a viable act in the music industry, with moderate sales and winning the group three Soul Train Lady of Soul Awards for Best R&B/Soul Album of the Year, Best R&B/Soul or Rap New Artist, and Best R&B/Soul Single for "No, No, No". The group released their multi-platinum second album The Writing's on the Wall in 1999. The record features some of the group's most widely known songs such as "Bills, Bills, Bills", the group's first number-one single, "Jumpin' Jumpin'" and "Say My Name", which became their most successful song at the time, and would remain one of their signature songs. "Say My Name" won the Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals and the Best R&B Song at the 43rd Annual Grammy Awards. The Writing's on the Wall sold more than eight million copies worldwide. During this time, Beyoncé recorded a duet with Marc Nelson, an original member of Boyz II Men, on the song "After All Is Said and Done" for the soundtrack to the 1999 film, The Best Man.

Q1: Which film featured Destiny's Child's first major single?
A1: Men in Black
Q2: For which song, did Destiny's Child take home the grammy award for best R&B performance?
A2: "Say My Name"
Q3: Who did Beyonce record with for the movie "The Best Man?"
A3: Marc Nelson
Q4: Beyonce's group changed their name to Destiny's Child in what year?
A4: 1996
Q5: The name Destiny's Child was based on a quote in which book of the Bible?
A5: Book of Isaiah
Q6: Debut song, "Killing Time" was featured on what movie's sound track?
A6: Men in Black
Q7: What song won Best R&B Performance in the 43 Annual Grammy Awards?
A7: Say My Name
Q8: What singer did Beyonce record a song with for the movie, ''The Best Man"?
A8: Marc Nelson
Q9: Where did Destiny's Child get their name from?
A9: Book of Isaiah.
Q10: Destiny's Child song, Killing Time, was included in which film's soundtrack?
A10: Men in Black.
Q11: What was Destiny's Child's first major song hit?
A11: No, No, No
Q12: When did Destiny's Child release their second album?
A12: 1999
Q13: Who did Beyoncé sing a duet with for "The Best Man" film?
A13: Marc Nelson
Queen_(band) (Music)

The group's second LP, Queen II, was released in 1974, and features rock photographer Mick Rock's iconic image of the band on the cover. This image would be used as the basis for the 1975 "Bohemian Rhapsody" music video production. The album reached number five on the British album chart and became the first Queen album to chart in the UK. The Freddie Mercury-written lead single "Seven Seas of Rhye" reached number ten in the UK, giving the band their first hit. The album is the first real testament to the band's distinctive layered sound, and features long complex instrumental passages, fantasy-themed lyrics, and musical virtuosity. Aside from its only single, the album also included the song "The March of the Black Queen", a six-minute epic which lacks a chorus. The Daily Vault described the number as "menacing". Critical reaction was mixed; the Winnipeg Free Press, while praising the band's debut album, described Queen II as a "over-produced monstrosity". Allmusic has described the album as a favourite among the band's hardcore fans, and it is the first of three Queen albums to feature in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.

Q1: What was the name of Queen's second LP?
A1: Queen II
Q2: What year was Queen's second album released?
A2: 1974
Q3: Who designed the cover of Queen's second album?
A3: Mick Rock
Q4: Who wrote the song Seven Seas of Rhye?
A4: Freddie Mercury
Q5: How long is the song The March of the Black Queen?
A5: six-minute
George_VI (History)

The growing likelihood of war in Europe dominated the early reign of George VI. The King was constitutionally bound to support Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain's appeasement of Hitler. However, when the King and Queen greeted Chamberlain on his return from negotiating the Munich Agreement in 1938, they invited him to appear on the balcony of Buckingham Palace with them. This public association of the monarchy with a politician was exceptional, as balcony appearances were traditionally restricted to the royal family. While broadly popular among the general public, Chamberlain's policy towards Hitler was the subject of some opposition in the House of Commons, which led historian John Grigg to describe the King's behaviour in associating himself so prominently with a politician as "the most unconstitutional act by a British sovereign in the present century".

Q1: Which prime minister was the King constitutionally bound to support?
A1: Neville Chamberlain
Q2: Which agreement was signed in 1938?
A2: Munich Agreement
Q3: The balcony in which palace is famous for being where the royal family makes appearances?
A3: Buckingham Palace
Q4: Which historian commented that the king's act in associating with Chamberlain as unconstitutional?
A4: John Grigg
American_Idol (Music)

The growth continued into the next season, starting with a season premiere of 26.5 million. The season attracted an average of 21.7 million viewers, and was placed second overall amongst the 18–49 age group. The finale night when Ruben Studdard won over Clay Aiken was also the highest-rated ever American Idol episode at 38.1 million for the final hour. By season three, the show had become the top show in the 18–49 demographic a position it has held for all subsequent years up to and including season ten, and its competition stages ranked first in the nationwide overall ratings. By season four, American Idol had become the most watched series amongst all viewers on American TV for the first time, with an average viewership of 26.8 million. The show reached its peak in season five with numbers averaging 30.6 million per episode, and season five remains the highest-rated season of the series.

Q1: How many people watched the first episode of American Idols second season? 
A1: 26.5 million
Q2: How many people on average tuned in to watch American Idol in its second season? 
A2: 21.7 million
Q3: What contestant won the second season of American Idol? 
A3: Ruben Studdard
Q4: During what season did American Idol become the highest rated show across all demographics? 
A4: season four
Q5: Which season of American Idol was watched by the most people? 
A5: season five
Q6: How many people watched the second season premiere of American Idol?
A6: 26.5 million
Q7: How many people watched on average for season two?
A7: 21.7 million
Q8: By what season was American Idol the most watched show on TV?
A8: four
Association_football (History)

The growth in women's football has seen major competitions being launched at both national and international level mirroring the male competitions. Women's football has faced many struggles. It had a "golden age" in the United Kingdom in the early 1920s when crowds reached 50,000 at some matches; this was stopped on 5 December 1921 when England's Football Association voted to ban the game from grounds used by its member clubs. The FA's ban was rescinded in December 1969 with UEFA voting to officially recognise women's football in 1971. The FIFA Women's World Cup was inaugurated in 1991 and has been held every four years since, while women's football has been an Olympic event since 1996.

Q1: What decade is considered the "golden age" of women's football?
A1: 1920s
Q2: Since what year has women's football been an Olympic event?
A2: 1996
Q3: Who voted to ban women's football from its grounds in 1921?
A3: England's Football Association
Q4: In 1971, who officially recognized women's football?
A4: UEFA
Q5: What year was the FIFA Women's first World cup?
A5: 1991
Intellectual_property (History)

The growth of the Internet, and particularly distributed search engines like Kazaa and Gnutella, have represented a challenge for copyright policy. The Recording Industry Association of America, in particular, has been on the front lines of the fight against copyright infringement, which the industry calls "piracy". The industry has had victories against some services, including a highly publicized case against the file-sharing company Napster, and some people have been prosecuted for sharing files in violation of copyright. The electronic age has seen an increase in the attempt to use software-based digital rights management tools to restrict the copying and use of digitally based works. Laws such as the Digital Millennium Copyright Act have been enacted, that use criminal law to prevent any circumvention of software used to enforce digital rights management systems. Equivalent provisions, to prevent circumvention of copyright protection have existed in EU for some time, and are being expanded in, for example, Article 6 and 7 the Copyright Directive. Other examples are Article 7 of the Software Directive of 1991 (91/250/EEC), and the Conditional Access Directive of 1998 (98/84/EEC). This can hinder legal uses, affecting public domain works, limitations and exceptions to copyright, or uses allowed by the copyright holder. Some copyleft licenses, like GNU GPL 3, are designed to counter that. Laws may permit circumvention under specific conditions like when it is necessary to achieve interoperability with the circumventor's program, or for accessibility reasons; however, distribution of circumvention tools or instructions may be illegal.

Q1: What does the recording industry call piracy?
A1: copyright infringement
Q2: What type of company was Napster?
A2: file-sharing
Q3: What law enforces digital rights management systems?
A3: Digital Millennium Copyright Act
Q4: Which articles of the EU Copyright Directive address circumvention of copyright protection?
A4: Article 6 and 7
Q5: When was the Conditional Access Directive passed in the EU?
A5: 1998
Gene (Natural sciences)

The growth, development, and reproduction of organisms relies on cell division, or the process by which a single cell divides into two usually identical daughter cells. This requires first making a duplicate copy of every gene in the genome in a process called DNA replication.:5.2 The copies are made by specialized enzymes known as DNA polymerases, which "read" one strand of the double-helical DNA, known as the template strand, and synthesize a new complementary strand. Because the DNA double helix is held together by base pairing, the sequence of one strand completely specifies the sequence of its complement; hence only one strand needs to be read by the enzyme to produce a faithful copy. The process of DNA replication is semiconservative; that is, the copy of the genome inherited by each daughter cell contains one original and one newly synthesized strand of DNA.:5.2

Q1: What does the growth, development, and reproduction of organisms rely on?
A1: cell division
Q2: In cell division, what two cells are created? 
A2: identical daughter cells
Q3: What specialized enzyme is responsible DNA replication?
A3: DNA polymerases
Q4: Why does the sequence of one strand completely specify the sequence of its complement?
A4: Because the DNA double helix is held together by base pairing
Q5: What one word characterizes the process of DNA replication?
A5: semiconservative
Annelid (Natural sciences)

The gut is generally an almost straight tube supported by the mesenteries (vertical partitions within segments), and ends with the anus on the underside of the pygidium. However, in members of the tube-dwelling family Siboglinidae the gut is blocked by a swollen lining that houses symbiotic bacteria, which can make up 15% of the worms' total weight. The bacteria convert inorganic matter – such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from hydrothermal vents, or methane from seeps – to organic matter that feeds themselves and their hosts, while the worms extend their palps into the gas flows to absorb the gases needed by the bacteria.

Q1: What type of annelids are tube-dwelling?
A1: Siboglinidae
Q2: What blocks the Siboglinidae's gut?
A2: a swollen lining
Q3: How much of a Siboglinidae's weight is symbiotic bacteria?
A3: 15%
Q4: What gases come from hydrothermal vents?
A4: hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide
Q5: What gases come from seeps?
A5: methane
Planck_constant (Mathematics)

The gyromagnetic ratio γ is the constant of proportionality between the frequency ν of nuclear magnetic resonance (or electron paramagnetic resonance for electrons) and the applied magnetic field B: ν = γB. It is difficult to measure gyromagnetic ratios precisely because of the difficulties in precisely measuring B, but the value for protons in water at 7002298150000000000♠25 °C is known to better than one part per million. The protons are said to be "shielded" from the applied magnetic field by the electrons in the water molecule, the same effect that gives rise to chemical shift in NMR spectroscopy, and this is indicated by a prime on the symbol for the gyromagnetic ratio, γ′p. The gyromagnetic ratio is related to the shielded proton magnetic moment μ′p, the spin number I (I = 1⁄2 for protons) and the reduced Planck constant.

Q1: The gyromagnetic ratio is the constant proportion between the magentic field and what?
A1: the frequency ν of nuclear magnetic resonance
Q2: How does the water molecule impact the effect of magnetic fields on protons?
A2: The protons are said to be "shielded" from the applied magnetic field by the electrons in the water molecule
Q3: What three factors impact the gyromagnetic ratio?
A3: related to the shielded proton magnetic moment μ′p, the spin number I (I = 1⁄2 for protons) and the reduced Planck constant.
Q4: The gyromagnetic ratio is often difficult to determine due to difficulty accurately determining the value of what?
A4: the applied magnetic field B
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) (Philosophy and religion)

The hagiography of Mary and the Holy Family can be contrasted with other material in the Gospels. These references include an incident which can be interpreted as Jesus rejecting his family in the New Testament: "And his mother and his brothers arrived, and standing outside, they sent in a message asking for him ... And looking at those who sat in a circle around him, Jesus said, 'These are my mother and my brothers. Whoever does the will of God is my brother, and sister, and mother'."[3:31-35] Other verses suggest a conflict between Jesus and his family, including an attempt to have Jesus restrained because "he is out of his mind", and the famous quote: "A prophet is not without honor except in his own town, among his relatives and in his own home." A leading Biblical scholar commented: "there are clear signs not only that Jesus's family rejected his message during his public ministry but that he in turn spurned them publicly".

Q1: Who did Jesus say were his "brother, and sister, and mother?"
A1: Whoever does the will of God
Q2: According to Jesus, who is "without honor except in his own town?"
A2: A prophet
Q3: What do some Biblical scholars claim that Jesus' family did with his message during his ministry?
A3: rejected
Incandescent_light_bulb (Engineering and technology)

The halogen lamp reduces uneven evaporation of the filament and eliminates darkening of the envelope by filling the lamp with a halogen gas at low pressure, rather than an inert gas. The halogen cycle increases the lifetime of the bulb and prevents its darkening by redepositing tungsten from the inside of the bulb back onto the filament. The halogen lamp can operate its filament at a higher temperature than a standard gas filled lamp of similar power without loss of operating life. Such bulbs are much smaller than normal incandescent bulbs, and are widely used where intense illumination is needed in a limited space. Fiber-optic lamps for optical microscopy is one typical application.

Q1: Does the halogen bulp increase, reduce, or have no effect on filament evaporation?
A1: reduces
Q2: How does the halogen bulb decrease darkening over time?
A2: by redepositing tungsten from the inside of the bulb back onto the filament
Q3: Does a halogen bulb operate at a higher or lower temperature than an incandescent?
A3: higher
Q4: How does the size of a halogen bulb compare to an incandescent?
A4: bulbs are much smaller than normal incandescent bulbs
Q5: What is the most common situation when a halogen bulb is used?
A5: where intense illumination is needed in a limited space