LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Ashkenazi_Jews (History)

Relations between Ashkenazim and Sephardim have not always been warm. North African Sepharadim and Berber Jews were often looked upon by Ashkenazim as second-class citizens during the first decade after the creation of Israel. This has led to protest movements such as the Israeli Black Panthers led by Saadia Marciano a Moroccan Jew. Nowadays, relations are getting better. In some instances, Ashkenazi communities have accepted significant numbers of Sephardi newcomers, sometimes resulting in intermarriage.

Q1: In the past have relations between Ashkenazim and Sephardim tended to be warm or cold?
A1: have not always been warm
Q2: How did the Ashkenazim view north African Sepharadim and Berber Jews?
A2: as second-class citizens
Q3: Who led the Israeli Black Panthers?
A3: Saadia Marciano
Q4: Where was Saadia Marciano from?
A4: Moroccan Jew
Q5: What did Saadia Marciano do with the Israeli Black Panthers?
A5: led to protest movements
Freemasonry (Unknown)

Relations between Grand Lodges are determined by the concept of Recognition. Each Grand Lodge maintains a list of other Grand Lodges that it recognises. When two Grand Lodges recognise and are in Masonic communication with each other, they are said to be in amity, and the brethren of each may visit each other's Lodges and interact Masonically. When two Grand Lodges are not in amity, inter-visitation is not allowed. There are many reasons why one Grand Lodge will withhold or withdraw recognition from another, but the two most common are Exclusive Jurisdiction and Regularity.

Q1: What concept determines relationships between Grand Lodges?
A1: Recognition
Q2: What must two lodges be in, in order to inter-visit?
A2: amity
Q3: What, besides Recognition, must happen between two Grand Lodges in order for them to be considered in amity? 
A3: Masonic communication
Q4: What can be causes of one Grand Lodge withdrawing Recognition from another?
A4: Exclusive Jurisdiction and Regularity
Q5: What are the members of a Grand Lodge called?
A5: brethren
Q6: Gran Lodges are in what when they are in Masonic Communication with each other?
A6: amity
Q7: What concept is used to determine relations between Grand Lodges?
A7: Recognition
Q8: What does each Grand Lodge maintain?
A8: a list
Q9: What is not allowed when Grand Lodges are not in amity? 
A9: inter-visitation
Q10: What are the two most common reasons one Grand Lodge will withhold recognition from another?
A10: Exclusive Jurisdiction and Regularity
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser (History)

Relations between Nasser and King Hussein deteriorated in April when Hussein implicated Nasser in two coup attempts against him—although Nasser's involvement was never established—and dissolved al-Nabulsi's cabinet. Nasser subsequently slammed Hussein on Cairo radio as being "a tool of the imperialists". Relations with King Saud also became antagonistic as the latter began to fear that Nasser's increasing popularity in Saudi Arabia was a genuine threat to the royal family's survival. Despite opposition from the governments of Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Lebanon, Nasser maintained his prestige among their citizens and those of other Arab countries.

Q1: What leader accused Nasser of trying to overthrow him?
A1: King Hussein
Q2: What did Nasser call King Hussein?
A2: a tool of the imperialists
Q3: What non-Egyptian leader was concerned about Nasser's popularity outside of Egypt?
A3: King Saud
Q4: Despite conflicts with Arab governments, who continued to support Nasser?
A4: citizens
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser (History)

Relations between Nasser and Qasim grew increasingly bitter on 9 March, after Qasim's forces suppressed a rebellion in Mosul, launched a day earlier by a pro-Nasser Iraqi RCC officer backed by UAR authorities. Nasser had considered dispatching troops to aid his Iraqi sympathizers, but decided against it. He clamped down on Egyptian communist activity due to the key backing Iraqi communists provided Qasim. Several influential communists were arrested, including Nasser's old comrade Khaled Mohieddin, who had been allowed to re-enter Egypt in 1956.

Q1: What Iraqi leader clashed with Nasser?
A1: Qasim
Q2: What did Quasm do to anger Nasser?
A2: suppressed a rebellion in Mosul
Q3: What did Nasser suppress as a result?
A3: Egyptian communist activity
Q4: What old ally did Nasser turn against?
A4: Khaled Mohieddin
Kievan_Rus%27 (History)

Relations between the Rus' and Byzantines became more complex after Oleg took control over Kiev, reflecting commercial, cultural, and military concerns. The wealth and income of the Rus' depended heavily upon trade with Byzantium. Constantine Porphyrogenitus described the annual course of the princes of Kiev, collecting tribute from client tribes, assembling the product into a flotilla of hundreds of boats, conducting them down the Dnieper to the Black Sea, and sailing to the estuary of the Dniester, the Danube delta, and on to Constantinople. On their return trip they would carry silk fabrics, spices, wine, and fruit. The importance of this trade relationship led to military action when disputes arose. The Primary Chronicle reports that the Rus' attacked Constantinople again in 907, probably to secure trade access. The Chronicle glorifies the military prowess and shrewdness of Oleg, an account imbued with legendary detail. Byzantine sources do not mention the attack, but a pair of treaties in 907 and 911 set forth a trade agreement with the Rus', the terms suggesting pressure on the Byzantines, who granted the Rus' quarters and supplies for their merchants and tax-free trading privileges in Constantinople.

Q1: When did the relations between the Rus and Byzantines start to become more complicated?
A1: after Oleg took control over Kiev
Q2: What were the primary concerns the Rus and Byzantines had with oleg?
A2: commercial, cultural, and military concerns
Q3: When did the Rus attack the Constantinole once again?
A3: 907
Tajikistan (Geography and places)

Relationships between religious groups are generally amicable, although there is some concern among mainstream Muslim leaders[who?] that minority religious groups undermine national unity. There is a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere. The Islamic Renaissance Party (IRP), a major combatant in the 1992–1997 Civil War and then-proponent of the creation of an Islamic state in Tajikistan, constitutes no more than 30% of the government by statute. Membership in Hizb ut-Tahrir, a militant Islamic party which today aims for an overthrow of secular governments and the unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state, is illegal and members are subject to arrest and imprisonment. Numbers of large mosques appropriate for Friday prayers are limited and some[who?] feel this is discriminatory.

Q1: What type of religions concerns are there?
A1: minority religious groups undermine national unity
Q2: What concerns for the religions institutions are there?
A2: a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere
Q3: What is the name of the militant Islamic party in Tajikistan?
A3: Hizb ut-Tahrir
Q4: What does the Hizb ut-Tahrir aim for?
A4: aims for an overthrow of secular governments and the unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state
Windows_8 (Engineering and technology)

Relatively few changes were made from the Release Preview to the final version; these included updated versions of its pre-loaded apps, the renaming of Windows Explorer to File Explorer, the replacement of the Aero Glass theme from Windows Vista and 7 with a new flat and solid-colored theme, and the addition of new background options for the Start screen, lock screen, and desktop. Prior to its general availability on October 26, 2012, updates were released for some of Windows 8's bundled apps, and a "General Availability Cumulative Update" (which included fixes to improve performance, compatibility, and battery life) was released on Tuesday, October 9, 2012. Microsoft indicated that due to improvements to its testing infrastructure, general improvements of this nature are to be released more frequently through Windows Update instead of being relegated to OEMs and service packs only.

Q1: How many things did Microsoft alter after Release Preview?
A1: Relatively few
Q2: When was the General Availablity Cumulative Update provided?
A2: October 9, 2012
Q3: How are system improvements released through Windows 8?
A3: through Windows Update
Q4: What name did Windows Explorer change to?
A4: File Explorer
Film_speed (Engineering and technology)

Relatively insensitive film, with a correspondingly lower speed index, requires more exposure to light to produce the same image density as a more sensitive film, and is thus commonly termed a slow film. Highly sensitive films are correspondingly termed fast films. In both digital and film photography, the reduction of exposure corresponding to use of higher sensitivities generally leads to reduced image quality (via coarser film grain or higher image noise of other types). In short, the higher the sensitivity, the grainier the image will be. Ultimately sensitivity is limited by the quantum efficiency of the film or sensor.

Q1: What does the film's quantum efficiency limit? 
A1: sensitivity
Q2: What speed of film is produced by insensitive film? 
A2: slow film
Q3: What leads to lower quality images?
A3: reduction of exposure
Q4: What types of film are considered fast films?
A4: Highly sensitive films
Q5: What effect does highly sensitive film have on images?
A5: reduced image quality
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States (Philosophy and religion)

Relaxed zoning rules and special parking privileges for churches, the tax-free status of church property, the fact that Christmas is a federal holiday, etc., have also been questioned, but have been considered examples of the governmental prerogative in deciding practical and beneficial arrangements for the society. The national motto "In God We Trust" has been challenged as a violation, but the Supreme Court has ruled that ceremonial deism is not religious in nature. A circuit court ruling affirmed Ohio's right to use as its motto a passage from the Bible, "With God, all things are possible", because it displayed no preference for a particular religion.

Q1: Why have perks like relaxed zoning rules and special parking privileges been allowed for churches?
A1: beneficial arrangements for the society
Q2: What is the national motto "In God We Trust" officially known as?
A2: ceremonial deism
Q3: What has the Supreme Court ruled about ceremonial deism?
A3: not religious in nature
Q4: What state uses as a motto a passage from the Bible?
A4: Ohio
Q5: Why was Ohio allowed to use a biblical passage as its motto?
A5: because it displayed no preference for a particular religion
Hyderabad (Geography and places)

Relics of Qutb Shahi and Nizam rule remain visible today, with the Charminar—commissioned by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah—coming to symbolise Hyderabad. Golconda fort is another major landmark. The influence of Mughlai culture is also evident in the city's distinctive cuisine, which includes Hyderabadi biryani and Hyderabadi haleem. The Qutb Shahis and Nizams established Hyderabad as a cultural hub, attracting men of letters from different parts of the world. Hyderabad emerged as the foremost centre of culture in India with the decline of the Mughal Empire in the mid-19th century, with artists migrating to the city from the rest of the Indian subcontinent. While Hyderabad is losing its cultural pre-eminence, it is today, due to the Telugu film industry, the country's second-largest producer of motion pictures.

Q1: Which individual commissioned Chaminar?
A1: Muhammad Quli Qutb
Q2: When did Hyderabad become important culturally in India?
A2: the mid-19th century
Q3: Which two groups had an influence in making Hyderabad a cultural center?
A3: The Qutb Shahis and Nizams
Q4: What culture is most represented in the food of Hyderabad?
A4: Mughlai culture
Q5: Hyderabad has India's second biggest film production industry, what is it called?
A5: Telugu film industry
Tibet (Geography and places)

Religion is extremely important to the Tibetans and has a strong influence over all aspects of their lives. Bön is the ancient religion of Tibet, but has been almost eclipsed by Tibetan Buddhism, a distinctive form of Mahayana and Vajrayana, which was introduced into Tibet from the Sanskrit Buddhist tradition of northern India. Tibetan Buddhism is practiced not only in Tibet but also in Mongolia, parts of northern India, the Buryat Republic, the Tuva Republic, and in the Republic of Kalmykia and some other parts of China. During China's Cultural Revolution, nearly all Tibet's monasteries were ransacked and destroyed by the Red Guards. A few monasteries have begun to rebuild since the 1980s (with limited support from the Chinese government) and greater religious freedom has been granted – although it is still limited. Monks returned to monasteries across Tibet and monastic education resumed even though the number of monks imposed is strictly limited. Before the 1950s, between 10 and 20% of males in Tibet were monks.

Q1: What has a strong influence over all aspect of Tibetans lives?
A1: Religion
Q2: What is the ancient religion of Tibet?
A2: Bön
Q3: When were nearly all of Tibet's monasteries destroyed by the Red Guard?
A3: During China's Cultural Revolution
Q4: When were 10 to 20% of Tibets males monks?
A4: Before the 1950s
Southeast_Asia (Geography and places)

Religions and peoples are diverse in Southeast Asia and not one country is homogeneous. In the world's most populous Muslim nation, Indonesia, Hinduism is dominant on islands such as Bali. Christianity also predominates in the rest of the part of the Philippines, New Guinea and Timor. Pockets of Hindu population can also be found around Southeast Asia in Singapore, Malaysia etc. Garuda (Sanskrit: Garuḍa), the phoenix who is the mount (vahanam) of Vishnu, is a national symbol in both Thailand and Indonesia; in the Philippines, gold images of Garuda have been found on Palawan; gold images of other Hindu gods and goddesses have also been found on Mindanao. Balinese Hinduism is somewhat different from Hinduism practised elsewhere, as Animism and local culture is incorporated into it. Christians can also be found throughout Southeast Asia; they are in the majority in East Timor and the Philippines, Asia's largest Christian nation. In addition, there are also older tribal religious practices in remote areas of Sarawak in East Malaysia,Highland Philippines and Papua in eastern Indonesia. In Burma, Sakka (Indra) is revered as a nat. In Vietnam, Mahayana Buddhism is practised, which is influenced by native animism but with strong emphasis on Ancestor Worship.

Q1: Which is Asia's largest christian nation?
A1: Philippines
Q2: Garuda is the national symbol of which 2 countries?
A2: Thailand and Indonesia
Q3: Which religion is dominant on the Island of Bali?
A3: Hinduism
Q4: Name the most Muslim populous region in Asia?
A4: Indonesia
Q5: What is practiced in Vietnam?
A5: Vietnam
Ashkenazi_Jews (History)

Religious Ashkenazi Jews living in Israel are obliged to follow the authority of the chief Ashkenazi rabbi in halakhic matters. In this respect, a religiously Ashkenazi Jew is an Israeli who is more likely to support certain religious interests in Israel, including certain political parties. These political parties result from the fact that a portion of the Israeli electorate votes for Jewish religious parties; although the electoral map changes from one election to another, there are generally several small parties associated with the interests of religious Ashkenazi Jews. The role of religious parties, including small religious parties that play important roles as coalition members, results in turn from Israel's composition as a complex society in which competing social, economic, and religious interests stand for election to the Knesset, a unicameral legislature with 120 seats.

Q1: Religious Ashkenazi Jews living in Israel follow the authority of whom in certain matters?
A1: the chief Ashkenazi rabbi
Q2: What is the Knesset?
A2: a unicameral legislature with 120 seats
Q3: Religious Ashkenazi Jews look to the authority of the chief Ashkenazi rabbi in which matters?
A3: halakhic matters
Ashkenazi_Jews (History)

Religious Jews have Minhagim, customs, in addition to Halakha, or religious law, and different interpretations of law. Different groups of religious Jews in different geographic areas historically adopted different customs and interpretations. On certain issues, Orthodox Jews are required to follow the customs of their ancestors, and do not believe they have the option of picking and choosing. For this reason, observant Jews at times find it important for religious reasons to ascertain who their household's religious ancestors are in order to know what customs their household should follow. These times include, for example, when two Jews of different ethnic background marry, when a non-Jew converts to Judaism and determines what customs to follow for the first time, or when a lapsed or less observant Jew returns to traditional Judaism and must determine what was done in his or her family's past. In this sense, "Ashkenazic" refers both to a family ancestry and to a body of customs binding on Jews of that ancestry. Reform Judaism, which does not necessarily follow those minhagim, did nonetheless originate among Ashkenazi Jews.

Q1: For religious Jews, what does Minhagim mean?
A1: customs
Q2: For religious Jews, what does Halakha mean?
A2: religious law
Q3: For religious Jews, "Ashkenazic" refers to what two things?
A3: a family ancestry and to a body of customs binding on Jews of that ancestry
Q4: Reform Judaism originated among what type of Jew?
A4: Ashkenazi Jews
Q5: What type of Jew is required to follow the customs of their ancestors without the option of picking and choosing?
A5: Orthodox Jews
Middle_Ages (History)

Religious beliefs in the Eastern Empire and Persia were in flux during the late 6th and early 7th centuries. Judaism was an active proselytising faith, and at least one Arab political leader converted to it.[J] Christianity had active missions competing with the Persians' Zoroastrianism in seeking converts, especially among residents of the Arabian Peninsula. All these strands came together with the emergence of Islam in Arabia during the lifetime of Muhammad (d. 632). After his death, Islamic forces conquered much of the Eastern Empire and Persia, starting with Syria in 634–635 and reaching Egypt in 640–641, Persia between 637 and 642, North Africa in the later 7th century, and the Iberian Peninsula in 711. By 714, Islamic forces controlled much of the peninsula in a region they called Al-Andalus.

Q1: What was the ethnicity of a leader who converted to Judaism in this era?
A1: Arab
Q2: What was the dominant religion of Persia before Islam?
A2: Zoroastrianism
Q3: In what yer did Muhammad die?
A3: 632
Q4: In what period did Islamic armies conquer Syria?
A4: 634–635
Q5: In what century did Muslims conquer North Africa?
A5: 7th
New_Delhi (Geography and places)

Religious festivals include Diwali (the festival of light), Maha Shivaratri, Teej, Guru Nanak Jayanti, Baisakhi, Durga Puja, Holi, Lohri, Eid ul-Fitr, Eid ul-Adha, Christmas, Chhath Puja and Mahavir Jayanti. The Qutub Festival is a cultural event during which performances of musicians and dancers from all over India are showcased at night, with the Qutub Minar as the chosen backdrop of the event. Other events such as Kite Flying Festival, International Mango Festival and Vasant Panchami (the Spring Festival) are held every year in Delhi.

Q1: What religious festival is also known as the festival of light?
A1: Diwali
Q2: What cultural event showcases dancers and musicians from all over India?
A2: The Qutub Festival
Q3: In what location is The Qutub Festival held?
A3: the Qutub Minar
Q4: The Spring Festival which is held each year in Delhi is also known by what name?
A4: Vasant Panchami
Q5: What is the name of the fruit related festival held annually in Delhi?
A5: International Mango Festival
Humanism (Philosophy and religion)

Religious humanism is an integration of humanist ethical philosophy with religious rituals and beliefs that centre on human needs, interests, and abilities. Though practitioners of religious humanism did not officially organise under the name of "humanism" until the late 19th and early 20th centuries, non-theistic religions paired with human-centred ethical philosophy have a long history. The Cult of Reason (French: Culte de la Raison) was a religion based on deism devised during the French Revolution by Jacques Hébert, Pierre Gaspard Chaumette and their supporters. In 1793 during the French Revolution, the cathedral Notre Dame de Paris was turned into a "Temple to Reason" and for a time Lady Liberty replaced the Virgin Mary on several altars. In the 1850s, Auguste Comte, the Father of Sociology, founded Positivism, a "religion of humanity". One of the earliest forerunners of contemporary chartered humanist organisations was the Humanistic Religious Association formed in 1853 in London. This early group was democratically organised, with male and female members participating in the election of the leadership and promoted knowledge of the sciences, philosophy, and the arts. The Ethical Culture movement was founded in 1876. The movement's founder, Felix Adler, a former member of the Free Religious Association, conceived of Ethical Culture as a new religion that would retain the ethical message at the heart of all religions. Ethical Culture was religious in the sense of playing a defining role in people's lives and addressing issues of ultimate concern.

Q1: What was included in religious humanism that was similiar to other religion?
A1: religious rituals
Q2: When did practicers of religious humanism form under the name Humanism?
A2: 19th and early 20th centuries
Q3: Who founded a religion whose cornerstone was deism?
A3: Jacques Hébert
Q4: During what time was a religious state replaced in the Notre Dame cathedral with a symbol of Humanism?
A4: 1793
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

Religious knowledge or "vision" was indicated as a result of practice both within and outside of the Buddhist fold. According to the Samaññaphala Sutta, this sort of vision arose for the Buddhist adept as a result of the perfection of "meditation" coupled with the perfection of "discipline" (Pali sīla; Skt. śīla). Some of the Buddha's meditative techniques were shared with other traditions of his day, but the idea that ethics are causally related to the attainment of "transcendent wisdom" (Pali paññā; Skt. prajñā) was original.[web 18]

Q1: Religious knowledge is also known as what?
A1: vision
Q2: What type of techniques were shared with other traditions of his day?
A2: meditative
Q3: There is an idea where ethics are causally related to the attainment of what?
A3: transcendent wisdom
Religion_in_ancient_Rome (History)

Religious law centered on the ritualised system of honours and sacrifice that brought divine blessings, according to the principle do ut des ("I give, that you might give"). Proper, respectful religio brought social harmony and prosperity. Religious neglect was a form of atheism: impure sacrifice and incorrect ritual were vitia (impious errors). Excessive devotion, fearful grovelling to deities and the improper use or seeking of divine knowledge were superstitio. Any of these moral deviations could cause divine anger (ira deorum) and therefore harm the State. The official deities of the state were identified with its lawful offices and institutions, and Romans of every class were expected to honour the beneficence and protection of mortal and divine superiors. Participation in public rites showed a personal commitment to their community and its values.

Q1: On what kind of system was Roman religious law focused?
A1: ritualised
Q2: What form of religion was atheism considered to be? 
A2: Religious neglect
Q3: What results did proper religious practices produce?
A3: harmony and prosperity.
Q4: What could deviations from proper religious practices cause?
A4: divine anger
Q5: What did participation in public religious rites show about the individual?
A5: commitment