LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Armenia (History)

Armenian cuisine is as ancient as the history of Armenia, a combination of different tastes and aromas. The food often has quite a distinct aroma. Closely related to eastern and Mediterranean cuisine, various spices, vegetables, fish, and fruits combine to present unique dishes. The main characteristics of Armenian cuisine are a reliance on the quality of the ingredients rather than heavily spicing food, the use of herbs, the use of wheat in a variety of forms, of legumes, nuts, and fruit (as a main ingredient as well as to sour food), and the stuffing of a wide variety of leaves.

Q1: What type of food is Armenian food most similair to?
A1: eastern and Mediterranean cuisine
Q2: What does Armenian cuisine place an emphasis on?
A2: quality of the ingredients
Q3: What does Armenian cuisine use to create its distinctive dishes?
A3: various spices, vegetables, fish, and fruits
Q4: What different uses does fruit have in Armenian food?
A4: main ingredient as well as to sour food
Armenians (Geography and places)

Armenian literature dates back to 400 AD, when Mesrop Mashtots first invented the Armenian alphabet. This period of time is often viewed as the Golden Age of Armenian literature. Early Armenian literature was written by the "father of Armenian history", Moses of Chorene, who authored The History of Armenia. The book covers the time-frame from the formation of the Armenian people to the fifth century AD. The nineteenth century beheld a great literary movement that was to give rise to modern Armenian literature. This period of time, during which Armenian culture flourished, is known as the Revival period (Zartonki sherchan). The Revivalist authors of Constantinople and Tiflis, almost identical to the Romanticists of Europe, were interested in encouraging Armenian nationalism. Most of them adopted the newly created Eastern or Western variants of the Armenian language depending on the targeted audience, and preferred them over classical Armenian (grabar). This period ended after the Hamidian massacres, when Armenians experienced turbulent times. As Armenian history of the 1920s and of the Genocide came to be more openly discussed, writers like Paruyr Sevak, Gevork Emin, Silva Kaputikyan and Hovhannes Shiraz began a new era of literature.

Q1: Who came up with the Armenian alphabet?
A1: Mesrop Mashtots
Q2: When did Armenian writing begin?
A2: 400 AD
Q3: Who was the 'father of Armenian history'?
A3: Moses of Chorene
Q4: Who wrote 'The History of Armenia'?
A4: Moses of Chorene
Q5: Which European movement were the Revivalist authors similar to?
A5: Romanticists
Armenians (Geography and places)

Armenians constitute the main population of Armenia and the de facto independent Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. There is a wide-ranging diaspora of around 5 million people of full or partial Armenian ancestry living outside of modern Armenia. The largest Armenian populations today exist in Russia, the United States, France, Georgia, Iran, Ukraine, Lebanon, and Syria. With the exceptions of Iran and the former Soviet states, the present-day Armenian diaspora was formed mainly as a result of the Armenian Genocide.

Q1: Where do Armenians mostly live besides Armenia?
A1: Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
Q2: How many Armenians live outside Armenia and the republic within it?
A2: around 5 million
Q3: Where do most emigrant Armenians live?
A3: Russia, the United States, France, Georgia, Iran, Ukraine, Lebanon, and Syria
Q4: Why did many Armenians leave Armenia?
A4: the Armenian Genocide
Armenians (Geography and places)

Armenians enjoy many different native and foreign foods. Arguably the favorite food is khorovats an Armenian-styled barbecue. Lavash is a very popular Armenian flat bread, and Armenian paklava is a popular dessert made from filo dough. Other famous Armenian foods include the kabob (a skewer of marinated roasted meat and vegetables), various dolmas (minced lamb, or beef meat and rice wrapped in grape leaves, cabbage leaves, or stuffed into hollowed vegetables), and pilaf, a rice dish. Also, ghapama, a rice-stuffed pumpkin dish, and many different salads are popular in Armenian culture. Fruits play a large part in the Armenian diet. Apricots (Prunus armeniaca, also known as Armenian Plum) have been grown in Armenia for centuries and have a reputation for having an especially good flavor. Peaches are popular as well, as are grapes, figs, pomegranates, and melons. Preserves are made from many fruits, including cornelian cherries, young walnuts, sea buckthorn, mulberries, sour cherries, and many others.

Q1: What is khorovats?
A1: an Armenian-styled barbecue
Q2: What is lavash?
A2: Armenian flat bread
Q3: What is paklava?
A3: a popular dessert made from filo dough
Q4: What is a kabob?
A4: a skewer of marinated roasted meat and vegetables
Q5: What is ghapama?
A5: a rice-stuffed pumpkin dish
Armenians (Geography and places)

Armenians have had a presence in the Armenian Highland for over four thousand years, since the time when Hayk, the legendary patriarch and founder of the first Armenian nation, led them to victory over Bel of Babylon. Today, with a population of 3.5 million, they not only constitute an overwhelming majority in Armenia, but also in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh. Armenians in the diaspora informally refer to them as Hayastantsis (Հայաստանցի), meaning those that are from Armenia (that is, those born and raised in Armenia). They, as well as the Armenians of Iran and Russia speak the Eastern dialect of the Armenian language. The country itself is secular as a result of Soviet domination, but most of its citizens identify themselves as Apostolic Armenian Christian.

Q1: How long have Armenians lived in the highlands?
A1: over four thousand years
Q2: Who founded the first Armenian nation?
A2: Hayk
Q3: Who did Hayk defeat?
A3: Bel of Babylon
Q4: How many native Armenians are in Armenia today?
A4: 3.5 million
Q5: What does Hayastantsis mean?
A5: those that are from Armenia
Anti-aircraft_warfare (Warfare)

Armies typically have air defence in depth, from integral MANPADS such as the RBS 70, Stinger and Igla at smaller force levels up to army-level missile defence systems such as Angara and Patriot. Often, the high-altitude long-range missile systems force aircraft to fly at low level, where anti-aircraft guns can bring them down. As well as the small and large systems, for effective air defence there must be intermediate systems. These may be deployed at regiment-level and consist of platoons of self-propelled anti-aircraft platforms, whether they are self-propelled anti-aircraft guns (SPAAGs), integrated air-defence systems like Tunguska or all-in-one surface-to-air missile platforms like Roland or SA-8 Gecko.

Q1: What do armies tend to have in depth?
A1: air defence
Q2: Angara and Patriot are two examples of what type of system?
A2: army-level missile defence systems
Q3: Stinger and Igla are two examples of what type of system?
A3: smaller force levels
Q4: What does SPAAG stand for?
A4: self-propelled anti-aircraft guns
Q5: What kind of platform are Roland and SA-8 Gecko?
A5: all-in-one surface-to-air missile platforms
Arnold_Schwarzenegger (Media and drama)

Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (/ˈʃwɔːrtsənˌɛɡər/; German: [ˈaɐ̯nɔlt ˈalɔʏs ˈʃvaɐ̯tsn̩ˌɛɡɐ]; born July 30, 1947) is an Austrian-American actor, filmmaker, businessman, investor, author, philanthropist, activist, former professional bodybuilder and politician. He served two terms as the 38th Governor of California from 2003 until 2011.

Q1: What's Arnold Schwarzenegger's birth date?
A1: July 30, 1947
Q2: What's Arnold Schwarzenegger's middle name?
A2: Alois
Q3: How many terms did Schwarzenegger serve as California's governor?
A3: two
Arnold_Schwarzenegger (Media and drama)

Arnold Schwarzenegger has been involved with the Special Olympics for many years after they were founded by his ex-mother-in-law, Eunice Kennedy Shriver. In 2007, Schwarzenegger was the official spokesperson for the Special Olympics which were held in Shanghai, China. Schwarzenegger believes that quality school opportunities should be made available to children who might not normally be able to access them. In 1995, he founded the Inner City Games Foundation (ICG) which provides cultural, educational and community enrichment programming to youth. ICG is active in 15 cities around the country and serves over 250,000 children in over 400 schools countrywide. He has also been involved with After-School All-Stars, and founded the Los Angeles branch in 2002. ASAS is an after school program provider, educating youth about health, fitness and nutrition.

Q1: What nonprofit did Schwarzenegger found in 1995?
A1: the Inner City Games Foundation
Q2: Schwarzenegger was the spokesperson for the Special Olympic games held in what city in China?
A2: Shanghai
Q3: About how many schools across the country is ICG active in?
A3: 400
Department_store (Social sciences and society)

Arnold, Constable was the first American department store. It was founded in 1825 by Aaron Arnold (1794?-1876), an emigrant from Great Britain, as a small dry goods store on Pine Street in New York City. In 1857 the store moved into a five-story white marble dry goods palace known as the Marble House. During the Civil War Arnold, Constable was one of the first stores to issue charge bills of credit to its customers each month instead of on a bi-annual basis. Recognized as an emporium for high-quality fashions, the store soon outgrew the Marble House and erected a cast-iron building on Broadway and Nineteenth Street in 1869; this “Palace of Trade” expanded over the years until it was necessary to move into a larger space in 1914. In 1925, Arnold, Constable merged with Stewart & Company and expanded into the suburbs, first with a 1937 store in New Rochelle, New York and later in Hempstead and Manhasset on Long Island, and in New Jersey. Financial problems led to bankruptcy in 1975.

Q1: What is recognized as the "first" department store in America?
A1: Arnold, Constable
Q2: Who founded Arnold, Constable? 
A2: Aaron Arnold
Q3: Where was the store moved in 1857?
A3: a five-story white marble dry goods palace known as the Marble House.
Q4: What made Arnold, Constable stand out from other stores during the civil war? 
A4: was one of the first stores to issue charge bills of credit to its customers each month instead of on a bi-annual basis
Q5: When was the "Palace of Trade" built? 
A5: 1869
Neolithic (History)

Around 10,200 BC the first fully developed Neolithic cultures belonging to the phase Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) appeared in the fertile crescent. Around 10,700 to 9,400 BC a settlement was established in Tell Qaramel, 10 miles north of Aleppo. The settlement included 2 temples dating back to 9,650. Around 9000 BC during the PPNA, one of the world's first towns, Jericho, appeared in the Levant. It was surrounded by a stone and marble wall and contained a population of 2000–3000 people and a massive stone tower. Around 6,400 BC the Halaf culture appeared in Lebanon, Israel and Palestine, Syria, Anatolia, and Northern Mesopotamia and subsisted on dryland agriculture.

Q1: When did the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA)  phase start?
A1: Around 10,200 BC
Q2: When was a settlement developed in Tell Qaramel?
A2: Around 10,700 to 9,400 BC
Q3: How many temples were built in Tell Qaramel?
A3: 2
Q4: What was the name of the town that first appeared during the PPNA?
A4: Jericho
Q5: What materials were used to build the wall around Jericho?
A5: stone and marble
Greeks (History)

Around 1200 BC, the Dorians, another Greek-speaking people, followed from Epirus. Traditionally, historians have believed that the Dorian invasion caused the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization, but it is likely the main attack was made by seafaring raiders (sea peoples) who sailed into the eastern Mediterranean around 1180 BC. The Dorian invasion was followed by a poorly attested period of migrations, appropriately called the Greek Dark Ages, but by 800 BC the landscape of Archaic and Classical Greece was discernible.

Q1: What group of people came with others who left the geographical and historical region in southeastern Europe, now a mutual  region between Greece and Albania ?
A1: the Dorians
Q2: When did these groups make the migration ?
A2: Around 1200 BC
Q3: What civilization is the group credited with putting an end to ?
A3: the Mycenaean civilization,
Q4: Is it believed that they truly are responsible in full for the collapse ? 
A4: it is likely the main attack was made by seafaring raiders (sea peoples)
Q5: What areas were being explored by others in  by sea faring vessels and when are they believed to have arrived  ?
A5: seafaring raiders (sea peoples) who sailed into the eastern Mediterranean around 1180 BC
Late_Middle_Ages (History)

Around 1300, centuries of prosperity and growth in Europe came to a halt. A series of famines and plagues, including the Great Famine of 1315–1317 and the Black Death, reduced the population to around half of what it was before the calamities. Along with depopulation came social unrest and endemic warfare. France and England experienced serious peasant uprisings, such as the Jacquerie and the Peasants' Revolt, as well as over a century of intermittent conflict in the Hundred Years' War. To add to the many problems of the period, the unity of the Catholic Church was shattered by the Western Schism. Collectively these events are sometimes called the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages.

Q1: What shattered the unity of the Catholic Church?
A1: the Western Schism
Q2: What are the series of events that ended centuries of prosperity in Europe, starting around 1300, known as?
A2: the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages
Q3: In what years was the Great Famine?
A3: 1315–1317
Q4: Which two countries experienced peasant uprisings?
A4: France and England
Q5: What major conflict occurred in Europe during the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages?
A5: Hundred Years' War
Late_Middle_Ages (History)

Around 1300–1350 the Medieval Warm Period gave way to the Little Ice Age. The colder climate resulted in agricultural crises, the first of which is known as the Great Famine of 1315-1317. The demographic consequences of this famine, however, were not as severe as the plagues that occurred later in the century, particularly the Black Death. Estimates of the death rate caused by this epidemic range from one third to as much as sixty percent. By around 1420, the accumulated effect of recurring plagues and famines had reduced the population of Europe to perhaps no more than a third of what it was a century earlier. The effects of natural disasters were exacerbated by armed conflicts; this was particularly the case in France during the Hundred Years' War.

Q1: Which climactic epoch followed the Medieval Warm Period?
A1: the Little Ice Age
Q2: What was the high end of the estimated death rate of the Black Plague?
A2: sixty percent
Q3: What major conflict rocked France during the 13th and 14th centuries?
A3: Hundred Years' War
Q4: When did the Medieval Warm Period end?
A4: Around 1300–1350
Q5: What was the effect of the Little Ice Age?
A5: agricultural crises
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States (History)

Around 1890, a political movement developed in the United States to mandate private executions. Several states enacted laws which required executions to be conducted within a "wall" or "enclosure" to "exclude public view." For example, in 1919, the Missouri legislature adopted a statute (L.1919, p. 781) which required, "the sentence of death should be executed within the county jail, if convenient, and otherwise within an enclosure near the jail." The Missouri law permitted the local sheriff to distribute passes to individuals (usually local citizens) whom he believed should witness the hanging, but the sheriffs – for various reasons – sometimes denied passes to individuals who wanted to watch. Missouri executions conducted after 1919 were not "public" because they were conducted behind closed walls, and the general public was not permitted to attend.

Q1: In what year did Missouri pass a law stating that executions should be inside of or near a jail?
A1: 1919
Q2: What procedure did Missouri use to execute prisoners in 1919?
A2: hanging
Q3: In the Missouri of 1919, who handed out passes to witness executions?
A3: the local sheriff
Q4: In approximately what year did a movement in favor of private executions begin in the US?
A4: 1890
Switzerland (Geography and places)

Around 3.8 million people work in Switzerland; about 25% of employees belonged to a trade union in 2004. Switzerland has a more flexible job market than neighbouring countries and the unemployment rate is very low. The unemployment rate increased from a low of 1.7% in June 2000 to a peak of 4.4% in December 2009. The unemployment rate is 3.2% in 2014. Population growth from net immigration is quite high, at 0.52% of population in 2004. The foreign citizen population was 21.8% in 2004, about the same as in Australia. GDP per hour worked is the world's 16th highest, at 49.46 international dollars in 2012.

Q1: What percentage of employees belonged to a trade union in 2004?
A1: about 25%
Q2: How many people work in Switzerland?
A2: Around 3.8 million
Q3: What was the unemployment rate in Switzerland in 2014?
A3: 3.2%
Q4: What was the foreign citizen population percentage in Switzerland in 2014?
A4: 21.8%
Q5: What was the peak unemployment rate reached in December, 2009?
A5: 4.4%
Hanover (History)

Around 40 theatres are located in Hanover. The Opera House, the Schauspielhaus (Play House), the Ballhofeins, the Ballhofzwei and the Cumberlandsche Galerie belong to the Lower Saxony State Theatre. The Theater am Aegi is Hanover's big theatre for musicals, shows and guest performances. The Neues Theater (New Theatre) is the Boulevard Theatre of Hanover. The Theater für Niedersachsen is another big theatre in Hanover, which also has an own Musical-Company. Some of the most important Musical-Productions are the rock musicals of the German rock musician Heinz Rudolph Kunze, which take place at the Garden-Theatre in the Great Garden.

Q1: How many theaters approximately are located in Hanover?
A1: 40
Q2: What is the Schauspielhaus in English?
A2: Play House
Q3: Who does the Cumberlandsche Galerie belong to?
A3: Lower Saxony State Theatre
Q4: Which theatre is Hanover's big theatre for musicals, shows and guest performances?
A4: Theater am Aegi
Q5: Which theater has it's own musical company?
A5: Theater für Niedersachsen
Roman_Republic (History)

Around 66 BC, a movement to use constitutional, or at least peaceful, means to address the plight of various classes began. After several failures, the movement's leaders decided to use any means that were necessary to accomplish their goals. The movement coalesced under an aristocrat named Lucius Sergius Catilina. The movement was based in the town of Faesulae, which was a natural hotbed of agrarian agitation. The rural malcontents were to advance on Rome, and be aided by an uprising within the city. After assassinating the consuls and most of the senators, Catiline would be free to enact his reforms. The conspiracy was set in motion in 63 BC. The consul for the year, Marcus Tullius Cicero, intercepted messages that Catiline had sent in an attempt to recruit more members. As a result, the top conspirators in Rome (including at least one former consul) were executed by authorisation (of dubious constitutionality) of the senate, and the planned uprising was disrupted. Cicero then sent an army, which cut Catiline's forces to pieces.

Q1: When did the movement that considered the use of peaceful means to solve the plight of lesser classes begin?
A1: Around 66 BC
Q2: How many former consuls in Rome were executed as a result of a conspiracy?
A2: one former consul
Q3: What town was a common site of agitation within the area?
A3: Faesulae
Q4: Who can lay claim to the destruction of Lucius Sergius Catilina's forces?
A4: Cicero
Q5: Which individual had planned an uprising that ideally would see the death of most of the Roman senators?
A5: Lucius Sergius Catilina
Umayyad_Caliphate (History)

Around 746, Abu Muslim assumed leadership of the Hashimiyya in Khurasan. In 747, he successfully initiated an open revolt against Umayyad rule, which was carried out under the sign of the black flag. He soon established control of Khurasan, expelling its Umayyad governor, Nasr ibn Sayyar, and dispatched an army westwards. Kufa fell to the Hashimiyya in 749, the last Umayyad stronghold in Iraq, Wasit, was placed under siege, and in November of the same year Abu al-Abbas was recognized as the new caliph in the mosque at Kufa.[citation needed] At this point Marwan mobilized his troops from Harran and advanced toward Iraq. In January 750 the two forces met in the Battle of the Zab, and the Umayyads were defeated. Damascus fell to the Abbasids in April, and in August, Marwan was killed in Egypt.

Q1: Who became leader of the Khurasan Hashimiyya in approximately 746?
A1: Abu Muslim
Q2: What symbol did Abu Muslim use in his revolt against the Umayyads?
A2: black flag
Q3: Who was the Umayyad governor of Khurasan who was defeated by Abu Muslim?
A3: Nasr ibn Sayyar
Q4: When did the Hashimiyya conquer Kufa?
A4: 749
Q5: Where did Marwan die?
A5: Egypt
Israel (History)

Around 930 BCE, the kingdom split into a southern Kingdom of Judah and a northern Kingdom of Israel. From the middle of the 8th century BCE Israel came into increasing conflict with the expanding neo-Assyrian empire. Under Tiglath-Pileser III it first split Israel's territory into several smaller units and then destroyed its capital, Samaria (722 BCE). An Israelite revolt (724–722 BCE) was crushed after the siege and capture of Samaria by the Assyrian king Sargon II. Sargon's son, Sennacherib, tried and failed to conquer Judah. Assyrian records say he leveled 46 walled cities and besieged Jerusalem, leaving after receiving extensive tribute.

Q1: When did the kingdom split?
A1: 930 BCE
Q2: What was the name of the destroyed capital?
A2: Samaria
Q3: Who captured Samaria?
A3: Assyrian king Sargon II
Szlachta (History)

Around the 14th century, there was little difference between knights and the szlachta in Poland. Members of the szlachta had the personal obligation to defend the country (pospolite ruszenie), thereby becoming the kingdom's most privileged social class. Inclusion in the class was almost exclusively based on inheritance.

Q1: Around what time were the knights and szlachta very similiar?
A1: Around the 14th century
Q2: What was a personal obligation of the szlachtas?
A2: defend the country
Slavs (History)

Around the 6th century, Slavs appeared on Byzantine borders in great numbers.[page needed] The Byzantine records note that grass would not regrow in places where the Slavs had marched through, so great were their numbers. After a military movement even the Peloponnese and Asia Minor were reported to have Slavic settlements. This southern movement has traditionally been seen as an invasive expansion. By the end of the 6th century, Slavs had settled the Eastern Alps regions.

Q1: When did Slavs appear on Byzantine borders?
A1: Around the 6th century
Q2: The Slavs appeared on whose borders around the 6th century?
A2: Byzantine borders
Q3: Where else reported Slavic settlements?
A3: Peloponnese and Asia Minor
Q4: Where had the Slavs settled by the end of the 6th century?
A4: the Eastern Alps
Q5: When had the Slavs settled the Eastern Alps?
A5: By the end of the 6th century