LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Crimean_War (History)

For months each side had been building forward rifle pits and defensive positions, which resulted in many skirmishes. Artillery fire aiming to gain superiority over the enemy guns.:450–462 September saw the final assault. On 5 September, another French bombardment (the sixth) was followed by an assault by the French Army on 8 September resulting in the capture of the Malakoff by the French, and following their failure to retake it, the collapse of the Russian defences. Meanwhile, the British captured the Great Redan, just south of the city of Sevastopol. The Russians retreated to the north, blowing up their magazines and the city fell on 9 September 1855 after a 337-day-long siege.:106

Q1: What was being built that caused unpremeditated fighting on each side?
A1: forward rifle pits and defensive positions
Q2: What month did the capture of Malakoff take place?
A2: September
Q3: Who captured Malakoff?
A3: the French
Q4: Who failed to take back Malakoff?
A4: the Russian defences
Q5: Who took control of the Great Redan?
A5: the British
Emotion (Natural sciences)

For more than 40 years, Paul Ekman has supported the view that emotions are discrete, measurable, and physiologically distinct. Ekman's most influential work revolved around the finding that certain emotions appeared to be universally recognized, even in cultures that were preliterate and could not have learned associations for facial expressions through media. Another classic study found that when participants contorted their facial muscles into distinct facial expressions (e.g. disgust), they reported subjective and physiological experiences that matched the distinct facial expressions. His research findings led him to classify six emotions as basic: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise.

Q1: Who has argued that emotions are discrete?
A1: Paul Ekman
Q2: How many basic emotions did Ekman recognize?
A2: six
Q3: Along with anger, disgust, happiness, sadness and fear, what is one of Ekman's basic emotions?
A3: surprise
Myanmar (Geography and places)

For most of its independent years, the country has been engrossed in rampant ethnic strife and Burma's myriad ethnic groups have been involved in one of the world's longest-running ongoing civil wars. During this time, the United Nations and several other organisations have reported consistent and systematic human rights violations in the country. In 2011, the military junta was officially dissolved following a 2010 general election, and a nominally civilian government was installed. While former military leaders still wield enormous power in the country, Burmese Military have taken steps toward relinquishing control of the government. This, along with the release of Aung San Suu Kyi and political prisoners, has improved the country's human rights record and foreign relations, and has led to the easing of trade and other economic sanctions. There is, however, continuing criticism of the government's treatment of the Muslim Rohingya minority and its poor response to the religious clashes. In the landmark 2015 election, Aung San Suu Kyi's party won a majority in both houses, ending military rule.

Q1: What major conflict is Myanmar known for?
A1: one of the world's longest-running ongoing civil wars.
Q2: What portion of the government was eventually separated from government participation? 
A2: the military junta
Q3: What type of government is now established in Myanmar?
A3: a nominally civilian government
Q4: Are previous leaders a hendrence to the current government?
A4: former military leaders still wield enormous power in the country
Q5: Has the country been able to overcome the problems of government with the previous regime?
A5: Aung San Suu Kyi's party won a majority in both houses, ending military rule.
Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic (History)

For most of the Soviet Union's existence, it was commonly referred to as "Russia," even though technically "Russia" was only one republic within the larger union—albeit by far the largest, most powerful and most highly developed.

Q1: What was the common name of the Soviet Union?
A1: Russia
Q2: Technically, what type of state was Russia?
A2: republic
Q3: What was the largest republic in the Soviet Union?
A3: Russia
Arsenal_F.C. (Sports and recreation)

For much of Arsenal's history, their home colours have been bright red shirts with white sleeves and white shorts, though this has not always been the case. The choice of red is in recognition of a charitable donation from Nottingham Forest, soon after Arsenal's foundation in 1886. Two of Dial Square's founding members, Fred Beardsley and Morris Bates, were former Forest players who had moved to Woolwich for work. As they put together the first team in the area, no kit could be found, so Beardsley and Bates wrote home for help and received a set of kit and a ball. The shirt was redcurrant, a dark shade of red, and was worn with white shorts and socks with blue and white hoops.

Q1: What has the color of the Arsenal  home shirts been?
A1: bright red
Q2: In recognition of what event was the color red adopted for Arsenal shirts?
A2: charitable donation
Q3: Which founding members were responsible for the red shirts?
A3: Fred Beardsley and Morris Bates
Q4: What was the early name for the Arsenal FC?
A4: Dial Square
Q5: What was the color  of the early uniforms' shorts and socks?
A5: white
Eton_College (History)

For much of Eton's history, junior boys had to act as "fags", or servants, to older boys. Their duties included cleaning, cooking, and running errands. A Library member was entitled to yell at any time and without notice, "Boy, Up!" or "Boy, Queue!", and all first-year boys had to come running. The last boy to arrive was given the task. These practices, known as fagging, were partially phased out of most houses in the 1970s. Captains of House and Games still sometimes give tasks to first-year boys, such as collecting the mail from School Office.[citation needed]

Q1: What term was given to juniors who acted as servants to older students?
A1: "fags"
Q2: What were common duties of younger servant students?
A2: cleaning, cooking, and running errands
Q3: What words were yelled by Librarians that required first year students to come?
A3: "Boy, Up!" or "Boy, Queue!"
Q4: Which first year student was given the task yelled for by the Librarian?
A4: The last boy to arrive
Q5: What year was "fagging" phased out of most houses?
A5: 1970s
Philadelphia (History)

For much of Philadelphia's history, the typical home has been the row house. The row house was introduced to the United States via Philadelphia in the early 19th century and, for a time, row houses built elsewhere in the United States were known as "Philadelphia rows". A variety of row houses are found throughout the city, from Victorian-style homes in North Philadelphia to twin row houses in West Philadelphia. While newer homes are scattered throughout the city, much of the housing is from the early 20th century or older. The great age of the homes has created numerous problems, including blight and vacant lots in many parts of the city, while other neighborhoods such as Society Hill, which has the largest concentration of 18th-century architecture in the United States, have been rehabilitated and gentrified.

Q1: What is the dominant type of house in Philadelphia?
A1: row house
Q2: What are row houses called outside of Philadelphia?
A2: Philadelphia rows
Q3: Name a type of row house in the city?
A3: Victorian-style homes in North Philadelphia to twin row houses in West Philadelphia
Q4: How old is most of the housing in Philadelphia?
A4: early 20th century or older
Q5: Which neighborhood has the oldest housing in America?
A5: Society Hill
Seven_Years%27_War (History)

For much of the eighteenth century, France approached its wars in the same way. It would let colonies defend themselves or would offer only minimal help (sending them limited numbers of troops or inexperienced soldiers), anticipating that fights for the colonies would most likely be lost anyway. This strategy was to a degree forced upon France: geography, coupled with the superiority of the British navy, made it difficult for the French navy to provide significant supplies and support to French colonies. Similarly, several long land borders made an effective domestic army imperative for any French ruler. Given these military necessities, the French government, unsurprisingly, based its strategy overwhelmingly on the army in Europe: it would keep most of its army on the continent, hoping for victories closer to home. The plan was to fight to the end of hostilities and then, in treaty negotiations, to trade territorial acquisitions in Europe to regain lost overseas possessions. This approach did not serve France well in the war, as the colonies were indeed lost, but although much of the European war went well, by its end France had few counterbalancing European successes.

Q1: How much effort did France put into wars to defend its colonies?
A1: It would let colonies defend themselves or would offer only minimal help
Q2: Identify a major factor in this feckless strategy by France of not defending its colonies with enthusiasm?
A2: geography, coupled with the superiority of the British navy, made it difficult
Q3: Why did the French rulers need a large domestic army?
A3: several long land borders made an effective domestic army imperative
Q4: In treaty negotiations, what trades did France hope to make.
A4: in treaty negotiations, to trade territorial acquisitions in Europe to regain lost overseas possessions.
Q5: How much success did France have in adding European territory with this approach?
A5: France had few counterbalancing European successes.
Gene (Natural sciences)

For multicellular organisms, typically the embryo is engineered which grows into the adult genetically modified organism. However, the genomes of cells in an adult organism can be edited using gene therapy techniques to treat genetic diseases.

Q1: For what sort of organisms is the embryo normally engineered?
A1: multicellular organisms
Q2: What techniques can be used to alter the genomes of an adult organism to treat genetic disease?
A2: gene therapy techniques
Q3: What part of the organism is usually created which becomes a developed genetically altered organism?
A3: the embryo
Q4: What can be changed in an adult organism using gene therapy techniques?
A4: the genomes of cells
Q5: What can be treated using genetic engineering?
A5: genetic diseases
Sanskrit (Language and literature)

For nearly 2000 years, Sanskrit was the language of a cultural order that exerted influence across South Asia, Inner Asia, Southeast Asia, and to a certain extent East Asia. A significant form of post-Vedic Sanskrit is found in the Sanskrit of Indian epic poetry—the Ramayana and Mahabharata. The deviations from Pāṇini in the epics are generally considered to be on account of interference from Prakrits, or innovations, and not because they are pre-Paninian. Traditional Sanskrit scholars call such deviations ārṣa (आर्ष), meaning 'of the ṛṣis', the traditional title for the ancient authors. In some contexts, there are also more "prakritisms" (borrowings from common speech) than in Classical Sanskrit proper. Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit is a literary language heavily influenced by the Middle Indo-Aryan languages, based on early Buddhist Prakrit texts which subsequently assimilated to the Classical Sanskrit standard in varying degrees.

Q1: What are two examples of epic poetry written in Sanskrit?
A1: the Ramayana and Mahabharata
Q2: What are prakritisms?
A2: borrowings from common speech
Q3: Which Sanskrit literary language has been influenced by the Middle Indo-Aryan languages?
A3: Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit
Q4: How long was Sanskrit a language of culture?
A4: 2000 years
Q5: Where is a post-Vedic form of Sanskrit found?
A5: Indian epic poetry
Q6: What epic poems are written in post-Vedic Sanskrit?
A6: Ramayana and Mahabharata
Q7: Of what are deviations in the epics thought to be the influence?
A7: Prakrits
Q8: What is found to a lesser extent in Classical Sanskrit?
A8: prakritisms
Crimean_War (History)

For over 200 years, Russia had been expanding southwards across the sparsely populated "Wild Fields" toward the warm water ports of the Black Sea that did not freeze over like the handful of other ports available in the north. The goal was to promote year-round trade and a year-round navy.:11 Pursuit of this goal brought the emerging Russian state into conflict with the Ukrainian Cossacks and then with the Tatars of the Crimean Khanate and Circassians. When Russia conquered these groups and gained possession of southern Ukraine, known as New Russia during Russian imperial times, the Ottoman Empire lost its buffer zone against Russian expansion, and Russia and the Ottoman Empire fell into direct conflict. The conflict with the Ottoman Empire also presented a religious issue of importance, as Russia saw itself as the protector of Orthodox Christians, many of whom lived under Ottoman control and were treated as second-class citizens.(ch 1)

Q1: For 200 years, Russia been expanding across what area?
A1: Wild Fields
Q2: Why did Russia move towards the warmer ports of the Black Sea?
A2: to promote year-round trade and a year-round navy
Q3: Who did Russia first have issues with when moving towards the warmer ports in the Black Sea?
A3: Ukrainian Cossacks
Q4: Who was treated as second class citizens under the Ottomans?
A4: Orthodox Christians
Q5: During the Russian imperial times, what other name was southern Ukraine known by?
A5: New Russia
Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation (History)

For over 40 years, the FBI crime lab in Quantico believed lead in bullets had unique chemical signatures. It analyzed the bullets with the goal of matching them chemically, not only to a single batch of ammunition coming out of a factory, but also to a single box of bullets. The National Academy of Sciences conducted an 18-month independent review of comparative bullet-lead analysis. In 2003, its National Research Council published a report whose conclusions called into question 30 years of FBI testimony. It found the analytic model used by the FBI for interpreting results was deeply flawed, and the conclusion, that bullet fragments could be matched to a box of ammunition, was so overstated that it was misleading under the rules of evidence. One year later, the FBI decided to stop doing bullet lead analysis.

Q1: What precision did the FBI believe they could reach with chemical signatures?
A1: single box of bullets
Q2: How long was the National Academy of Sciences independent review?
A2: 18-month
Q3: What did the National Academy of Sciences independent review discover about the FBIs analytical model?
A3: deeply flawed
Q4: Why did the FBI stop doing bullet lead analysis?
A4: National Research Council
New_Haven,_Connecticut (Geography and places)

For over a century, New Haven citizens had fought in the colonial militia alongside regular British forces, as in the French and Indian War. As the American Revolution approached, General David Wooster and other influential residents hoped that the conflict with the government in Britain could be resolved short of rebellion. On 23 April 1775, which is still celebrated in New Haven as Powder House Day, the Second Company, Governor's Foot Guard, of New Haven entered the struggle against the governing British parliament. Under Captain Benedict Arnold, they broke into the powder house to arm themselves and began a three-day march to Cambridge, Massachusetts. Other New Haven militia members were on hand to escort George Washington from his overnight stay in New Haven on his way to Cambridge. Contemporary reports, from both sides, remark on the New Haven volunteers' professional military bearing, including uniforms.

Q1: Who was the influential New Haven general that hoped to avoid conflict with the British Parliament as the American Revolution loomed closer?
A1: General David Wooster
Q2: What date is still commemorated by Powder House Day in New Haven?
A2: 23 April 1775
Q3: What was the name of the Second Company in New Haven that was the first to enter the inaugural struggle with the British?
A3: Governor's Foot Guard
Q4: Under whose leadership did the Governor's Foot Guard break into the powder house to arm themselves?
A4: Captain Benedict Arnold
Q5: Toward what area did the New Haven militia march for three days following the powder house incident?
A5: Cambridge, Massachusetts
Q6: Power House Day is celebrated on what day in New Haven?
A6: 23 April
Q7: What is the name of infamous historical person who played an important role on Power House Day? 
A7: Benedict Arnold
Q8: Where was George Washington planning to go after staying in New Haven?
A8: Cambridge
Q9: What is the name of the New Haven Militia that fought on during Powder House Day?
A9: Governor's Foot Guard
Q10: Although the militia were mainly made of volunteers what item distinguish them from other militia companies?
A10: uniforms.
Neptune (Natural sciences)

For reasons that remain obscure, the planet's thermosphere is at an anomalously high temperature of about 750 K. The planet is too far from the Sun for this heat to be generated by ultraviolet radiation. One candidate for a heating mechanism is atmospheric interaction with ions in the planet's magnetic field. Other candidates are gravity waves from the interior that dissipate in the atmosphere. The thermosphere contains traces of carbon dioxide and water, which may have been deposited from external sources such as meteorites and dust.

Q1: What is Neptune's temperature in the thermosphere? 
A1: 750 K
Q2: What would interact with Neptune's magnetic field to make it warm?
A2: atmospheric interaction with ions
Q3: Where would gravity waves in Neptune's interior dissipate? 
A3: in the atmosphere
Q4: What does Neptune's thermosphere containers traces of? 
A4: carbon dioxide and water
Tibet (Geography and places)

For several decades, peace reigned in Tibet, but in 1792 the Qing Qianlong Emperor sent a large Chinese army into Tibet to push the invading Nepalese out. This prompted yet another Qing reorganization of the Tibetan government, this time through a written plan called the "Twenty-Nine Regulations for Better Government in Tibet". Qing military garrisons staffed with Qing troops were now also established near the Nepalese border. Tibet was dominated by the Manchus in various stages in the 18th century, and the years immediately following the 1792 regulations were the peak of the Qing imperial commissioners' authority; but there was no attempt to make Tibet a Chinese province.

Q1: When did the Qing Qianlong Emperor send a large Chinese army into Tibet?
A1: 1792
Q2: Why did the Qing Qianlong Emperor send a large Chinese army into Tibet?
A2: push the invading Nepalese out
Q3: What was the Qing reorganization of the Tibetan called?
A3: Twenty-Nine Regulations for Better Government in Tibet
Q4: When was Tibet dominated by the Manchus?
A4: 18th century
Bird_migration (Natural sciences)

For some species of waders, migration success depends on the availability of certain key food resources at stopover points along the migration route. This gives the migrants an opportunity to refuel for the next leg of the voyage. Some examples of important stopover locations are the Bay of Fundy and Delaware Bay.

Q1: What does successful migration depend on for some waders?
A1: the availability of certain key food resources
Q2: Where do migrants refuel?
A2: stopover points along the migration route
Q3: Where is an important stopover location?
A3: the Bay of Fundy
Q4: What is another stopover location?
A4: Delaware Bay
Israel (History)

For statistical purposes, the country is divided into three metropolitan areas: Tel Aviv metropolitan area (population 3,206,400), Haifa metropolitan area (population 1,021,000), and Beer Sheva metropolitan area (population 559,700). Israel's largest municipality, in population and area, is Jerusalem with 773,800 residents in an area of 126 square kilometres (49 sq mi) (in 2009). Israeli government statistics on Jerusalem include the population and area of East Jerusalem, which is widely recognized as part of the Palestinian territories under Israeli occupation. Tel Aviv, Haifa, and Rishon LeZion rank as Israel's next most populous cities, with populations of 393,900, 265,600, and 227,600 respectively.

Q1: How many metropolitan areas are there?
A1: three
Q2: What metropolitan area has the largest population?
A2: Tel Aviv
Q3: What is the population of Beer Sheva?
A3: 559,700
Circadian_rhythm (Natural sciences)

For temperature studies, subjects must remain awake but calm and semi-reclined in near darkness while their rectal temperatures are taken continuously. Though variation is great among normal chronotypes, the average human adult's temperature reaches its minimum at about 05:00 (5 a.m.), about two hours before habitual wake time. Baehr et al. found that, in young adults, the daily body temperature minimum occurred at about 04:00 (4 a.m.) for morning types but at about 06:00 (6 a.m.) for evening types. This minimum occurred at approximately the middle of the eight hour sleep period for morning types, but closer to waking in evening types.

Q1: What physical factor must be continuously monitored during temperature studies> 
A1: temperatures
Q2: At what time does the average adult human reach his lowest temperature?
A2: 05:00
Q3: How long before wake time is the lowest temperature reached?
A3: two hours
Q4: When does the temperature of morning type young adults reach its lowest?
A4: 04:00
Q5: What is the time of lowest temperature for evening type young adults?
A5: 06:00
The_Times (History)

For the 2001 general election The Times declared its support for Tony Blair's Labour government, which was re-elected by a landslide. It supported Labour again in 2005, when Labour achieved a third successive win, though with a reduced majority. For the 2010 general election, however, the newspaper declared its support for the Tories once again; the election ended in the Tories taking the most votes and seats but having to form a coalition with the Liberal Democrats in order to form a government as they had failed to gain an overall majority.

Q1: In the 2001 general election, The Times declared support for what political party?
A1: Labour
Q2: What is the name of the political party's leader that The Times supported in the 2001 general election?
A2: Tony Blair
Q3: For the 2010 general election, which political party did The Times support?
A3: Tories
Q4: What political party did the Tories have to form a coalition with in 2010?
A4: Liberal Democrats
Q5: What political party was re-elected by a landslide in 2001?
A5: Labour