LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
New_York_City (Geography and places)

New York's airspace is the busiest in the United States and one of the world's busiest air transportation corridors. The three busiest airports in the New York metropolitan area include John F. Kennedy International Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport, and LaGuardia Airport; 109 million travelers used these three airports in 2012, and the city's airspace is the busiest in the nation. JFK and Newark Liberty were the busiest and fourth busiest U.S. gateways for international air passengers, respectively, in 2012; as of 2011, JFK was the busiest airport for international passengers in North America. Plans have advanced to expand passenger volume at a fourth airport, Stewart International Airport near Newburgh, New York, by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Plans were announced in July 2015 to entirely rebuild LaGuardia Airport in a multibillion-dollar project to replace its aging facilities.

Q1: The three airports that have the most people come through them in NYC are which?
A1: John F. Kennedy International Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport, and LaGuardia Airport
Q2: What is the second busiest airport in the New York metro area?
A2: Newark Liberty International Airport
Q3: In 2011, what airport did the most international travelers in North America visit?
A3: John F. Kennedy International Airport
Q4: What city is Stewart International Airport located close to?
A4: Newburgh, New York
Q5: How many travelers visited JFK, LaGuardia and Newark Liberty in 2012?
A5: 109 million
New_York_City (Geography and places)

New York's high rate of public transit use, over 200,000 daily cyclists as of 2014, and many pedestrian commuters make it the most energy-efficient major city in the United States. Walk and bicycle modes of travel account for 21% of all modes for trips in the city; nationally the rate for metro regions is about 8%. In both its 2011 and 2015 rankings, Walk Score named New York City the most walkable large city in the United States. Citibank sponsored the introduction of 10,000 public bicycles for the city's bike-share project in the summer of 2013. Research conducted by Quinnipiac University showed that a majority of New Yorkers support the initiative. New York City's numerical "in-season cycling indicator" of bicycling in the city hit an all-time high in 2013.

Q1: How many daily bicycle riders are there in NYC?
A1: 200,000
Q2: Each day, about how many New Yorkers bike?
A2: 200,000
Q3: About what percentage of New York City travel is done by bike or on foot?
A3: 21%
Q4: What company paid for 10,000 bikes for the city's bicycle sharing program?
A4: Citibank
Q5: Research by what institution of higher learning showed that most New Yorkers support bicycle sharing?
A5: Quinnipiac University
Q6: Who ranked New York as the most walkable large US city in 2015?
A6: Walk Score
New_York_City (Geography and places)

New York's non-white population was 36,620 in 1890. New York City was a prime destination in the early twentieth century for African Americans during the Great Migration from the American South, and by 1916, New York City was home to the largest urban African diaspora in North America. The Harlem Renaissance of literary and cultural life flourished during the era of Prohibition. The larger economic boom generated construction of skyscrapers competing in height and creating an identifiable skyline.

Q1: How many non-white people lived in New York in 1890?
A1: 36,620
Q2: What was the name of the Prohibition-era African-American cultural flourishing in New York?
A2: Harlem Renaissance
Q3: What was the population of people in New York that were not Caucasian in 1890?
A3: 36,620
Law_of_the_United_States (Social sciences and society)

New York, Illinois, and California are the most significant states that have not adopted the FRCP. Furthermore, all three states continue to maintain most of their civil procedure laws in the form of codified statutes enacted by the state legislature, as opposed to court rules promulgated by the state supreme court, on the ground that the latter are undemocratic. But certain key portions of their civil procedure laws have been modified by their legislatures to bring them closer to federal civil procedure.

Q1: Which states have not adopted FRCP?
A1: New York, Illinois, and California are the most significant
Q2: How do New York, Illinois and California maintain civil procedure laws?
A2: codified statutes enacted by the state legislature
Q3: What should New York, Illinois and California be using instead of codified statutes?
A3: court rules promulgated by the state supreme court
New_York_City (Geography and places)

New York—often called New York City or the City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part—is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York metropolitan area, the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States and one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. A global power city, New York exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its fast pace defining the term New York minute. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world.

Q1: What city in the United States has the highest population?
A1: New York
Q2: In what city is the United Nations based?
A2: New York
Q3: What city has been called the cultural capital of the world?
A3: New York
Q4: What American city welcomes the largest number of legal immigrants?
A4: New York
Q5: The major gateway for immigration has been which US city?
A5: New York City
Q6: The most populated city in the United States is which city?
A6: New York City
Hunting (Sports and recreation)

New Zealand has a strong hunting culture. The islands making up New Zealand originally had no land mammals apart from bats. However, once Europeans arrived, game animals were introduced by acclimatisation societies to provide New Zealanders with sport and a hunting resource. Deer, pigs, goats, rabbits, hare, tahr and chamois all adapted well to the New Zealand terrain, and with no natural predators, their population exploded. Government agencies view the animals as pests due to their effects on the natural environment and on agricultural production, but hunters view them as a resource.

Q1: What does New Zealand have?
A1: strong hunting culture
Q2: What was the only land mammal native to New Zealand?
A2: bats
Q3: Why were game animals introduced by acclimatisation societies?
A3: to provide New Zealanders with sport and a hunting resource
Q4: Why did the population of pigs and rabbits explode in New Zealand?
A4: no natural predators
Q5: What do government agencies view the animals as?
A5: pests
Q6: What country has a strong hunting culture?
A6: New Zealand
Q7: What were the the only land mammal in New Zealand?
A7: bats
Q8: What is New Zealand made up of?
A8: islands
Q9: Game animals were introduced here by whom?
A9: acclimatisation societies
Q10: What resulted having no natural predators for the animals introduced?
A10: their population exploded
Tuvalu (Geography and places)

New Zealand has an annual quota of 75 Tuvaluans granted work permits under the Pacific Access Category, as announced in 2001. The applicants register for the Pacific Access Category (PAC) ballots; the primary criteria is that the principal applicant must have a job offer from a New Zealand employer. Tuvaluans also have access to seasonal employment in the horticulture and viticulture industries in New Zealand under the Recognised Seasonal Employer (RSE) Work Policy introduced in 2007 allowing for employment of up to 5,000 workers from Tuvalu and other Pacific islands. Tuvaluans can participate in the Australian Pacific Seasonal Worker Program, which allows Pacific Islanders to obtain seasonal employment in the Australian agriculture industry, in particular cotton and cane operations; fishing industry, in particular aquaculture; and with accommodation providers in the tourism industry.

Q1: What is New Zealand's annual quota of Tuvaluan granted work permits?
A1: 75
Q2: What must a Tuvaluan have to be considered for a work permit in New Zealand?
A2: job offer
Q3: How many Pacific islander seasonal workers are permitted?
A3: 5,000
Q4: What is the program that allows season employees work permits?
A4: Australian Pacific Seasonal Worker Program
Q5: What program was introduced in 2007 for season workers in New Zealand?
A5: Recognised Seasonal Employer (RSE) Work Policy
Institute_of_technology (Engineering and technology)

New Zealand polytechnics are established under the Education Act 1989 as amended, and are considered state-owned tertiary institutions along with universities, colleges of education, and wānanga; there is today often much crossover in courses and qualifications offered between all these types of Tertiary Education Institutions. Some have officially taken the title 'institute of technology' which is a term recognized in government strategies equal to that of the term 'polytechnic'. One has opted for the name 'Universal College of Learning' (UCOL), and another 'Unitec New Zealand'. These are legal names but not recognized terms like 'polytechnic' or 'institute of technology'. Many if not all now grant at least bachelor-level degrees.

Q1: What country considers their polytechnics, universities, and colleges state-owned institutions?
A1: New Zealand
Q2: What does UCOL stand for?
A2: Universal College of Learning
Q3: In what year was the Education Act originally passed in New Zealand?
A3: 1989
Daylight_saving_time (Engineering and technology)

New Zealander George Hudson proposed the modern idea of daylight saving in 1895. Germany and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on 30 April 1916. Many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s.

Q1: Who first suggested daylight saving?
A1: George Hudson
Q2: From what country did George Hudson hail?
A2: New Zealand
Q3: In what year was modern daylight saving first proposed?
A3: 1895
Q4: Besides Austria-Hungary, what country first put DST into effect?
A4: Germany
Chinese_characters (Language and literature)

New characters can in principle be coined at any time, just as new words can be, but they may not be adopted. Significant historically recent coinages date to scientific terms of the 19th century. Specifically, Chinese coined new characters for chemical elements – see chemical elements in East Asian languages – which continue to be used and taught in schools in China and Taiwan. In Japan, in the Meiji era (specifically, late 19th century), new characters were coined for some (but not all) SI units, such as 粁 (米 "meter" + 千 "thousand, kilo-") for kilometer. These kokuji (Japanese-coinages) have found use in China as well – see Chinese characters for SI units for details.

Q1: What can be coined at any time?
A1: New characters
Q2: What may not be adopted?
A2: new words
Q3: What are also known as Japanese-coinages?
A3: kokuji
Glass (Art and architecture)

New chemical glass compositions or new treatment techniques can be initially investigated in small-scale laboratory experiments. The raw materials for laboratory-scale glass melts are often different from those used in mass production because the cost factor has a low priority. In the laboratory mostly pure chemicals are used. Care must be taken that the raw materials have not reacted with moisture or other chemicals in the environment (such as alkali or alkaline earth metal oxides and hydroxides, or boron oxide), or that the impurities are quantified (loss on ignition). Evaporation losses during glass melting should be considered during the selection of the raw materials, e.g., sodium selenite may be preferred over easily evaporating SeO2. Also, more readily reacting raw materials may be preferred over relatively inert ones, such as Al(OH)3 over Al2O3. Usually, the melts are carried out in platinum crucibles to reduce contamination from the crucible material. Glass homogeneity is achieved by homogenizing the raw materials mixture (glass batch), by stirring the melt, and by crushing and re-melting the first melt. The obtained glass is usually annealed to prevent breakage during processing.

Q1: What material is useful in glassmaking because of its slow evaporation?
A1: sodium selenite
Q2: What containers are used for melting?
A2: platinum crucibles
Q3: Why are different materials used in a lab than are used in factory production?
A3: the cost factor has a low priority
Q4: What is the reason for crushing the glass and melting it again?
A4: homogeneity
Q5: Why is glass annealed?
A5: to prevent breakage
Antarctica (Natural sciences)

New claims on Antarctica have been suspended since 1959 although Norway in 2015 formally defined Queen Maud Land as including the unclaimed area between it and the South Pole. Antarctica's status is regulated by the 1959 Antarctic Treaty and other related agreements, collectively called the Antarctic Treaty System. Antarctica is defined as all land and ice shelves south of 60° S for the purposes of the Treaty System. The treaty was signed by twelve countries including the Soviet Union (and later Russia), the United Kingdom, Argentina, Chile, Australia, and the United States. It set aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve, established freedom of scientific investigation and environmental protection, and banned military activity on Antarctica. This was the first arms control agreement established during the Cold War.

Q1: Since what year have claims been suspended in Antarctica?
A1: 1959
Q2: What document regulates Antarctica's status?
A2: Antarctic Treaty System
Q3: What latitude is defined as being Antarctica's border?
A3: south of 60° S
Q4: How many countries signed the treaty protecting Antarctica from claims?
A4: twelve
Q5: What does the treaty set Antarctica aside as?
A5: scientific preserve
Ashkenazi_Jews (History)

New developments in Judaism often transcend differences in religious practice between Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews. In North American cities, social trends such as the chavurah movement, and the emergence of "post-denominational Judaism" often bring together younger Jews of diverse ethnic backgrounds. In recent years, there has been increased interest in Kabbalah, which many Ashkenazi Jews study outside of the Yeshiva framework. Another trend is the new popularity of ecstatic worship in the Jewish Renewal movement and the Carlebach style minyan, both of which are nominally of Ashkenazi origin.

Q1: What two things were mentioned as contributing to bringing younger Jews together in North American cities?
A1: social trends such as the chavurah movement, and the emergence of "post-denominational Judaism"
Q2: What do many Ashkenazi Jews study outside of the Yeshiva framework?
A2: Kabbalah
Q3: Which new trend has been associated with the Jewish Renewal movement?
A3: ecstatic worship
Wood (Natural sciences)

New domestic housing in many parts of the world today is commonly made from timber-framed construction. Engineered wood products are becoming a bigger part of the construction industry. They may be used in both residential and commercial buildings as structural and aesthetic materials.

Q1: What type of construction is often used now to build homes in much of the world?
A1: timber-framed
Q2: In addition to residential applications, what type of buildings often have engineered wood components?
A2: commercial
Q3: Along with decorative components, what type of building materials can be engineered from wood?
A3: structural
Q4: What industry benefits greatly from engineered wood products?
A4: construction
Windows_8 (Engineering and technology)

New features and functionality in Windows 8 include a faster startup through UEFI integration and the new "Hybrid Boot" mode (which hibernates the Windows kernel on shutdown to speed up the subsequent boot), a new lock screen with a clock and notifications, and the ability for enterprise users to create live USB versions of Windows (known as Windows To Go). Windows 8 also adds native support for USB 3.0 devices, which allow for faster data transfers and improved power management with compatible devices, and hard disk 4KB Advanced Format support, as well as support for near field communication to facilitate sharing and communication between devices.

Q1: What happens during Hybrid Boot mode?
A1: hibernates the Windows kernel on shutdown to speed up the subsequent boot
Q2: What is Windows to Go?
A2: live USB versions of Windows
Q3: What are the benefits of USB 3.0?
A3: faster data transfers and improved power management
Q4: What is the point of near field communications?
A4: to facilitate sharing and communication between devices
Q5: What features were added to the lock screen?
A5: clock and notifications
Renewable_energy_commercialization (Engineering and technology)

New government spending, regulation, and policies helped the industry weather the 2009 economic crisis better than many other sectors. Most notably, U.S. President Barack Obama's American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 included more than $70 billion in direct spending and tax credits for clean energy and associated transportation programs. This policy-stimulus combination represents the largest federal commitment in U.S. history for renewables, advanced transportation, and energy conservation initiatives. Based on these new rules, many more utilities strengthened their clean-energy programs. Clean Edge suggests that the commercialization of clean energy will help countries around the world deal with the current economic malaise. Once-promising solar energy company, Solyndra, became involved in a political controversy involving U.S. President Barack Obama's administration's authorization of a $535 million loan guarantee to the Corporation in 2009 as part of a program to promote alternative energy growth. The company ceased all business activity, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, and laid-off nearly all of its employees in early September 2011.

Q1: What helped the industry weather the 2009 economic crisis better than other sectors?
A1: New government spending, regulation, and policies
Q2: What suggests that the commercialization of clean energy will hellp countries deal with economic malaise?
A2: commercialization of clean energy
Q3: Which company became invovled in a political controversy?
A3: Solyndra
Q4: What company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy?
A4: Solyndra
Gramophone_record (Music)

New or "virgin" heavy/heavyweight (180–220 g) vinyl is commonly used for modern audiophile vinyl releases in all genres. Many collectors prefer to have heavyweight vinyl albums, which have been reported to have better sound than normal vinyl because of their higher tolerance against deformation caused by normal play. 180 g vinyl is more expensive to produce only because it uses more vinyl. Manufacturing processes are identical regardless of weight. In fact, pressing lightweight records requires more care. An exception is the propensity of 200 g pressings to be slightly more prone to non-fill, when the vinyl biscuit does not sufficiently fill a deep groove during pressing (percussion or vocal amplitude changes are the usual locations of these artifacts). This flaw causes a grinding or scratching sound at the non-fill point.

Q1: What is the most used material for modern audiophile vinyl releases?
A1: New or "virgin" heavy/heavyweight (180–220 g) vinyl
Q2: What is the material preference of collectors?
A2: heavyweight vinyl
Q3: How does the manufacturing process differ between heavyweight and normal vinyl?
A3: Manufacturing processes are identical
Q4: Would would a non filled area in a vinyl press cause when listening to a record?
A4: grinding or scratching sound
Q5: Which pressing of vinyl require more attention to detail, lightweight or heavyweight?
A5: lightweight records requires more care
Windows_8 (Engineering and technology)

New security features in Windows 8 include two new authentication methods tailored towards touchscreens (PINs and picture passwords), the addition of antivirus capabilities to Windows Defender (bringing it in parity with Microsoft Security Essentials). SmartScreen filtering integrated into Windows, Family Safety offers Parental controls, which allows parents to monitor and manage their children's activities on a device with activity reports and safety controls. Windows 8 also provides integrated system recovery through the new "Refresh" and "Reset" functions, including system recovery from USB drive. Windows 8's first security patches would be released on November 13, 2012; it would contain three fixes deemed "critical" by the company.

Q1: What new security features did Windows 8 provide?
A1: PINs and picture passwords
Q2: What were the new security features in Windows 8 geared at?
A2: touchscreens
Q3: What options do Parental controls provide?
A3: allows parents to monitor and manage their children's activities on a device with activity reports and safety controls
Q4: What new recovery options did Windows 8 implement?
A4: "Refresh" and "Reset" functions, including system recovery from USB drive
Q5: When was the first Windows 8 patch sent out?
A5: November 13, 2012
Genome (Natural sciences)

New sequencing technologies, such as massive parallel sequencing have also opened up the prospect of personal genome sequencing as a diagnostic tool, as pioneered by Manteia Predictive Medicine. A major step toward that goal was the completion in 2007 of the full genome of James D. Watson, one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA.

Q1: What is a recent development in sequencing methods?
A1: massive parallel sequencing
Q2: Which company has led the way in sequencing of individual genetic makeup?
A2: Manteia Predictive Medicine
Q3: Whose complete genetic information was recorded in 2007?
A3: James D. Watson
Q4: What is Watson famous for helping discover?
A4: the structure of DNA
Railway_electrification_system (Engineering and technology)

Newly electrified lines often show a "sparks effect", whereby electrification in passenger rail systems leads to significant jumps in patronage / revenue. The reasons may include electric trains being seen as more modern and attractive to ride, faster and smoother service, and the fact that electrification often goes hand in hand with a general infrastructure and rolling stock overhaul / replacement, which leads to better service quality (in a way that theoretically could also be achieved by doing similar upgrades yet without electrification). Whatever the causes of the sparks effect, it is well established for numerous routes that have electrified over decades.

Q1: What can be seen in the newly electrified lines?
A1: "sparks effect"
Q2: What can electrification of modern trains effect? 
A2: patronage / revenue
Q3: How can better service quality be achieved?
A3: rolling stock overhaul / replacement