LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Madrasa (Language and literature)

Madaris were largely centred on the study of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence). The ijāzat al-tadrīs wa-al-iftāʼ ("licence to teach and issue legal opinions") in the medieval Islamic legal education system had its origins in the 9th century after the formation of the madhāhib (schools of jurisprudence). George Makdisi considers the ijāzah to be the origin of the European doctorate. However, in an earlier article, he considered the ijāzah to be of "fundamental difference" to the medieval doctorate, since the former was awarded by an individual teacher-scholar not obliged to follow any formal criteria, whereas the latter was conferred on the student by the collective authority of the faculty. To obtain an ijāzah, a student "had to study in a guild school of law, usually four years for the basic undergraduate course" and ten or more years for a post-graduate course. The "doctorate was obtained after an oral examination to determine the originality of the candidate's theses", and to test the student's "ability to defend them against all objections, in disputations set up for the purpose." These were scholarly exercises practised throughout the student's "career as a graduate student of law." After students completed their post-graduate education, they were awarded ijazas giving them the status of faqīh 'scholar of jurisprudence', muftī 'scholar competent in issuing fatwās', and mudarris 'teacher'.

Q1: What term refers to Islamic law?
A1: fiqh
Q2: When did Islamic law school begin?
A2: 9th century
Q3: How long did a student have to study law, in early Islamic law graduate schools, in order to graduate?
A3: ten or more years
Q4: What traditional schooling has been considered modeled after the traditional Islamic graduate schools?
A4: European doctorate
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Madonna Louise Ciccone (/tʃɪˈkoʊni/; Italian: [tʃikˈkoːne]; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and businesswoman. She achieved popularity by pushing the boundaries of lyrical content in mainstream popular music and imagery in her music videos, which became a fixture on MTV. Madonna is known for reinventing both her music and image, and for maintaining her autonomy within the recording industry. Music critics have acclaimed her musical productions, which have generated some controversy. Often referred to as the "Queen of Pop", she is often cited as an influence by other artists.

Q1: What is Madonna's real name?
A1: Madonna Louise Ciccone
Q2: When was Madonna born?
A2: August 16, 1958
Q3: Which is the other name that Madonna is always referred as?
A3: Queen of Pop
Q4: Madonna became a fixture on which TV channel?
A4: MTV
Q5: Who is known for maintaining her autonomy and reinventing her image in the music industry?
A5: Madonna
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Madonna also began work on her thirteenth studio album, with collaborators including Avicii, Diplo and Natalia Kills. In December 2014, thirteen demos recorded for the album leaked onto the Internet. She posted in response that half of the tracks would not be used on the final release, while the other half had "changed and evolved". The album, titled Rebel Heart, was released on March 10, 2015. From September 2015, she embarked on the Rebel Heart Tour to promote the album; the tour ended in March 2016 and traveled throughout North America, Europe and Asia and was the singer's first visit to Australia in 23 years, where she also performed a one-off show for her fans. It grossed a total of $169.8 million from the 82 shows, with over 1.045 million ticket sales. While on tour Madonna became embroiled in a legal battle with Ritchie, over the custody of her son Rocco. The dispute started when Rocco decided to continue living at England with Ritchie when the Rebel Heart Tour had visited there, while Madonna wanted him to return with her. Court hearings took place in both New York and London, and after multiple deliberations, Madonna decided to withdraw her application for custody, and appealed for a mutual discussion between herself and Ritchie about Rocco.

Q1: When did Madonna's album demo leaked online?
A1: December 2014
Q2: What is Madonna's thirteenth album called?
A2: Rebel Heart
Q3: When was Rebel Heart released?
A3: March 10, 2015
Q4: When did Madonna embark on the Rebel Heart Tour?
A4: September 2015
Q5: How much did Rebel Heart Tour grossed?
A5: $169.8 million
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Madonna embarked on the Confessions Tour in May 2006, which had a global audience of 1.2 million and grossed over $193.7 million, becoming the highest-grossing tour to that date for a female artist. Madonna used religious symbols, such as the crucifix and Crown of Thorns, in the performance of "Live to Tell". It caused the Russian Orthodox Church and the Federation of Jewish Communities of Russia to urge all their members to boycott her concert. At the same time, the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) announced officially that Madonna had sold over 200 million copies for her albums alone worldwide.

Q1: When did the Confessions Tour start?
A1: May 2006
Q2: How much did the Confessions Tour make?
A2: over $193.7 million
Q3: Why did the Russian Orthodox Church and Federation of Jewish Communities of Russian asked members to boycott the concert?
A3: used religious symbols
Q4: It was confirmed by IFPI that Madonna officially sold how many albums worldwide?
A4: over 200 million
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Madonna entered mainstream films in February 1985, beginning with a brief appearance as a club singer in Vision Quest, a romantic drama film. Its soundtrack contained two new singles, her U.S. number-one single, "Crazy for You" and "Gambler". She also appeared in the comedy Desperately Seeking Susan in March 1985, a film which introduced the song "Into the Groove", her first number one single in the United Kingdom. Although Madonna was not the lead actress for the film, her profile was such that the movie widely became considered (and marketed) as a Madonna vehicle. The New York Times film critic Vincent Canby named it one of the ten best films of 1985.

Q1: When did Madonna enter mainstream films?
A1: February 1985
Q2: What is the name of the romantic drama film that Madonna starred in?
A2: Vision Quest
Q3: When did Madonna appear in the comedy Desperately Seeking Susan?
A3: March 1985
Q4: What is the name of Madonna's two new singles?
A4: "Crazy for You" and "Gambler"
Q5: What song did the comedy Desperately Seeking Susan promote?
A5: "Into the Groove"
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Madonna experimented with more folk and acoustic music in Music (2000) and American Life (2003). A change was noted in the content of the songs in Music, with most of them being simple love songs, but with an underlying tone of melancholy. According to Q magazine, American Life was characterized by "a thumping techno rhythm, liquid keyboard lines, an acoustic chorus and a bizarre Madonna rap." The "conventional rock songs" of the album were suffused with dramatic lyrics about patriotism and composition, including the appearance of a gospel choir in the song "Nothing Fails". Madonna returned to pure dance songs with Confessions on a Dance Floor, infusing club beats and retro music with the lyrics about paradoxical metaphors and reference to her earlier works. Madonna moved to urban direction with Hard Candy (2008), mixing R&B and hip hop music with dance tunes. MDNA (2012) largely focused in electronic dance music, which she has embraced since Ray of Light.

Q1: What type of music did Madonna experimented with in Music?
A1: folk and acoustic
Q2: Most of the songs in Music are what type of songs?
A2: simple love songs,
Q3: What type of songs are in Confessions of a Dance floor?
A3: dance songs
Q4: What type of songs does Hard Candy have?
A4: urban direction
Q5: MDNA focuses on which type of music?
A5: electronic dance music
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Madonna gave another provocative performance later that year at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards, while singing "Hollywood" with Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, and Missy Elliott. Madonna sparked controversy for kissing Spears and Aguilera suggestively during the performance. In October 2003, Madonna provided guest vocals on Spears' single "Me Against the Music". It was followed with the release of Remixed & Revisited. The EP contained remixed versions of songs from American Life and included "Your Honesty", a previously unreleased track from the Bedtime Stories recording sessions. Madonna also signed a contract with Callaway Arts & Entertainment to be the author of five children's books. The first of these books, titled The English Roses, was published in September 2003. The story was about four English schoolgirls and their envy and jealousy of each other. Kate Kellway from The Guardian commented, "[Madonna] is an actress playing at what she can never be—a JK Rowling, an English rose." The book debuted at the top of The New York Times Best Seller list and became the fastest-selling children's picture book of all time.

Q1: Who did Madonna kiss at the MTV Video Music Awards?
A1: Spears and Aguilera
Q2: When did Madonna collaborated as guest vocals for Spears single?
A2: October 2003
Q3: Madonna signed a contract with Callaway Arts and Entertainment to be a writer of what type of books?
A3: children's books
Q4: What was the title of the first book Madonna penned?
A4: The English Roses,
Q5: When was the The English Roses published?
A5: September 2003
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Madonna has received acclaim as a role model for businesswomen in her industry, "achieving the kind of financial control that women had long fought for within the industry", and generating over $1.2 billion in sales within the first decade of her career. Professor Colin Barrow from Cranfield School of Management described Madonna as "America's smartest businesswoman ... who has moved to the top of her industry and stayed there by constantly reinventing herself." London Business School academics called her a "dynamic entrepreneur" worth copying; they identified her vision of success, her understanding of the music industry, her ability to recognize her own performance limits (and thus bring in help), her willingness to work hard and her ability to adapt as the keys to her commercial success. Morton wrote that "Madonna is opportunistic, manipulative, and ruthless—somebody who won't stop until she gets what she wants—and that's something you can get at the expense of maybe losing your close ones. But that hardly mattered to her." Hazel Blackmore and Rafael Fernández de Castro in the book ¿Qué es Estados Unidos? from the Fondo de Cultura Económica, noted: "Madonna has been undoubtedly the most important woman in the history of popular music and a great businesswoman in herself; creating fashion, breaking taboos and provoking controversies."

Q1: Who is an acclaim role model business woman?
A1: Madonna
Q2: Madonna generated how much in sales in the first 10 years of her career?
A2: $1.2 billion in
Q3: Who called Madonna a dynamic entrepreneur?
A3: London Business School academics
Q4: Who wrote that Madonna is opportunistic, manipulative and ruthless?
A4: Morton
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Madonna has sold more than 300 million records worldwide. The Guinness World Records acknowledged her as the best-selling female recording artist and the fourth best-selling act of all time, behind The Beatles, Elvis Presley, and Michael Jackson. According to the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), she is the best-selling female rock artist of the 20th century and the second top-selling female albums artist in the United States, with 64.5 million certified albums. Madonna is the most certified artist of all time in United Kingdom, with 45 awards from the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) as of April 2013. Billboard named Madonna as the top touring female artist of all time. She is also the highest grossing solo touring artist, with over $1.31 billion in concert gross, starting from the Blond Ambition World Tour; she first crossed a billion gross with The MDNA Tour. Overall, Madonna ranks third on all-time top-grossing Billboard Boxscore list, with just The Rolling Stones ($1.84 billion) and U2 ($1.67 billion) ahead of her. Madonna has been honored with 20 MTV Video Music Awards—the most for any artist—including the lifetime achievement Video Vanguard Award in 1986.

Q1: Madonna sold how many albums worldwide?
A1: 300 million records
Q2: Who is the best selling female rock artist in the 20th century?
A2: Madonna
Q3: Who named Madonna as the top female touring artist of all time?
A3: Billboard
Q4: How much did Madonna make in all her concerts together?
A4: $1.31 billion
Q5: How many MTV video music awards does Madonna have?
A5: 20
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Madonna holds the record for the most number-ones on all combined Billboard charts, including twelve number-one songs on the Billboard Hot 100 and eight number-one albums on the Billboard 200. With 45 songs topping the Hot Dance Club Songs chart, Madonna became the artist with the most number-one songs on an active Billboard chart, pulling ahead of George Strait with 44 number-one songs on the Hot Country Songs chart. She has also scored 38 top-ten singles on the Hot 100, more than any other artist in history. In 2008, Billboard magazine ranked her at number two, behind The Beatles, on the Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists, making her the most successful solo artist in the history of American singles chart.

Q1: Who holds the record for the most number 1 hits?
A1: Madonna
Q2: How many songs does Madonna have on the Hot Dance Club Songs Chart?
A2: 45
Q3: Who has the most number one songs in an active BiIlboard chart?
A3: Madonna
Q4: How many top 10 singles on the Hot 100 does Madonna have?
A4: 38
Q5: Who is the most successful solo artist in the history of American singles chart?
A5: Madonna
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Madonna is dedicated to Kabbalah, and in 2004 she adopted the name Esther which in Persian means "star". She has donated millions of dollars to New York and London schools teaching the subject. She faced opposition from rabbis who felt Madonna's adoption of the Kabbalah was sacrilegious and a case of celebrity dilettantism. Madonna defended her studies, saying: "It would be less controversial if I joined the Nazi Party", and that her involvement with the Kabbalah is "not hurting anybody". The influence of the Kabbalah was subsequently observed in Madonna's music, especially albums like Ray of Light and Music. During the Re-Invention World Tour, at one point in the show, Madonna and her dancers wore T-shirts that read "Kabbalists Do It Better". Her 2012 MDNA album has also drawn many influences from her Catholic upbringing, and since 2011 she has been attending meetings and services at an Opus Dei center, a Catholic institution that encourages spirituality through every day life.

Q1: Which religion was Madonna dedicated to?
A1: Kabbalah
Q2: Which year did she adopt the name Esther?
A2: 2004
Q3: The influence of Kabbalah is seen in which album?
A3: Ray of Light
Q4: Where did Madonna attend Catholic services in 2011?
A4: Opus Dei center
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Madonna moved in with boyfriend John "Jellybean" Benitez, asking his help for finishing the album's production. Benitez remixed most of the tracks and produced "Holiday", which was her third single and her first global hit. The overall sound of Madonna was dissonant and in the form of upbeat synthetic disco, using some of the new technology of the time, like the Linn drum machine, Moog bass and the OB-X synthesizer. The album was released in July 1983 and peaked at number eight on the Billboard 200 six months later, in 1984. It yielded two more hit singles, "Borderline" and "Lucky Star".

Q1: Who was the boyfriend that Madonna moved in with?
A1: John "Jellybean" Benitez
Q2: Who remixed most of Madonna's album tracks?
A2: Benitez
Q3: Which song was Madonna's first global hit?
A3: Holiday
Q4: When was Madonna's album released?
A4: July 1983
Q5: Which number did Madonna's album peaked at the Billboard 800 six months later?
A5: eight
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Madonna performed at the Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief concert in January 2010. In April she released her third live album, Sticky & Sweet Tour. It was her first release under Live Nation, but was distributed by Warner Bros. Madonna granted American TV show Glee the rights to her entire catalogue of music, and the producers planned an episode featuring Madonna songs exclusively. Glee: The Music, The Power of Madonna, an EP containing eight cover versions of Madonna songs featured in the episode, was released afterward and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200.

Q1: When did Madonna perform at the Hope for Haiti Now?
A1: January 2010
Q2: What album did Madonna released in April 2010?
A2: Sticky & Sweet Tour
Q3: Madonna granted which TV show the rights to her entire catalog of music?
A3: Glee
Q4: What is the name of the episode of Glee that featured Madonna's songs?
A4: Glee: The Music, The Power of Madonna
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Madonna released her eleventh studio album, Hard Candy, in April 2008. Containing R&B and urban pop influences, the songs on Hard Candy were autobiographical in nature and saw Madonna collaborating with Justin Timberlake, Timbaland, Pharrell Williams and Nate "Danja" Hills. The album debuted at number one in thirty seven countries and on the Billboard 200. Don Shewey from Rolling Stone complimented it as an "impressive taste of her upcoming tour." It received generally positive reviews worldwide though some critics panned it as "an attempt to harness the urban market".

Q1: What was the name of Madonna's eleventh album?
A1: Hard Candy
Q2: When was Hard Candy released?
A2: April 2008
Q3: Hard Candy debuted at number one in how many countries?
A3: thirty seven
Q4: Madonna worked with Justin Timberlake, Timbaland, Pharrell Williams and Nate Hills for which album?
A4: Hard Candy
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Madonna released the Material Girl clothing line, which she designed with her daughter, Lourdes. The 1980s inspired clothing line, borrowed from Madonna's punk-girl style when she rose to fame in the 1980s, was released under the Macy's label. Madonna also opened a series of fitness centers around the world named Hard Candy Fitness. In November 2011, Madonna and MG Icon announced the release of a second fashion brand called Truth or Dare by Madonna to include footwear, underclothing, and accessories. She also directed her second feature film, W.E., a biographic about the affair between King Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson; it was co-written with Alek Keshishian. Critical and commercial response to the film was negative. Madonna contributed the ballad "Masterpiece" for the film's soundtrack, which won her a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song.

Q1: What is the name of the clothing line Madonna released with her daughter?
A1: Material Girl
Q2: Material Girl clothing line is released under which brand?
A2: Macy's
Q3: What is the name of the fitness gyms that Madonna opened?
A3: Hard Candy Fitness
Q4: When did Madonna released her second clothing line?
A4: November 2011
Q5: What is the name of the second film that Madonna directed?
A5: W.E.
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Madonna released the song "Hey You" for the Live Earth series of concerts. The song was available as a free download during its first week of release. She also performed it at the London Live Earth concert. Madonna announced her departure from Warner Bros. Records, and a new $120 million, ten-year 360 deal with Live Nation. She produced and wrote I Am Because We Are, a documentary on the problems faced by Malawians. The documentary was directed by Nathan Rissman, who worked as Madonna's gardener. She also directed her first film Filth and Wisdom. The plot of the film revolved around three friends and their aspirations. The Times said she had "done herself proud" while The Daily Telegraph described the film as "not an entirely unpromising first effort [but] Madonna would do well to hang on to her day job." In December 2007, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame announced Madonna as one of the five inductees of 2008. At the induction ceremony on March 10, 2008, Madonna did not sing but asked fellow Hall of Fame inductees and Michigan natives The Stooges to perform her songs "Burning Up" and "Ray of Light". She thanked Christopher Flynn, her dance teacher from 35 years earlier, for his encouragement to follow her dreams.

Q1: What song did Madonna release for the Live Earth series of concerts?
A1: Hey You
Q2: Madonna had a new 10 year, $120 million record deal with which company?
A2: Live Nation
Q3: What was the documentary Madonna produced and wrote about the Malawis?
A3: I Am Because We Are
Q4: What is the name of the first film Madonna directed?
A4: Filth and Wisdom
Q5: Who was one of the five inductees of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame?
A5: Madonna
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Madonna starred as Breathless Mahoney in the film Dick Tracy (1990), with Warren Beatty playing the title role. Her performance led to a Saturn Award nomination for Best Actress. To accompany the film, she released the soundtrack album, I'm Breathless, which included songs inspired by the film's 1930s setting. It also featured the US number-one hit "Vogue" and "Sooner or Later", which earned songwriter Stephen Sondheim an Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1991. While shooting the film, Madonna began a relationship with Beatty, which dissolved by the end of 1990. In April 1990, Madonna began her Blond Ambition World Tour, which was held until August. Rolling Stone called it an "elaborately choreographed, sexually provocative extravaganza" and proclaimed it "the best tour of 1990". The tour generated strong negative reaction from religious groups for her performance of "Like a Virgin", during which two male dancers caressed her body before she simulated masturbation. In response, Madonna said, "The tour in no way hurts anybody's sentiments. It's for open minds and gets them to see sexuality in a different way. Their own and others". The Laserdisc release of the tour won Madonna a Grammy Award in 1992 for Best Long Form Music Video.

Q1: In the film Dick Tracy, who did Madonna starred as?
A1: Breathless Mahoney
Q2: Madonna's role in Dick Tracy led to which award nomination?
A2: Saturn Award
Q3: Who earned an Academy Award for the song "Vogue" and "Sooner or Later?" 
A3: Stephen Sondheim
Q4: Who did Madonna have a relationship with while shooting the film?
A4: Beatty
Q5: When did Madonna and Beatty's relationship end?
A5: end of 1990
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Madonna starred in the film Swept Away, directed by Ritchie. Released direct-to-video in the UK, the film was a commercial and critical failure. In May 2002 she appeared in London in the West End play Up For Grabs at the Wyndhams Theatre (billed as 'Madonna Ritchie'), to universally bad reviews and was described as "the evening's biggest disappointment" by one. That October, she released "Die Another Day", the title song of the James Bond film Die Another Day, in which she had a cameo role, described by The Guardian film reviewer as "incredibly wooden". The song reached number eight on the Billboard Hot 100 and was nominated for both a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and a Golden Raspberry for Worst Song.

Q1: Which film did Madonna starred in that was directed by Ritchie?
A1: Swept Away
Q2: When did Madonna appear in the play Up For Grabs at the Wyndhams Theatre?
A2: May 2002
Q3: What was Madonna's title song for the James Bond movie?
A3: Die Another Day
Q4: Die Another Day reached which number in the Billboards Hot 100?
A4: eight