LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Sony_Music_Entertainment (Music)

Sony Music Entertainment Inc. (sometimes known as Sony Music or by the initials, SME) is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Corporation of America (SCA), a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation. In 1929, the enterprise was first founded as American Record Corporation (ARC) and, in 1938, was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, following ARC's acquisition by CBS. In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. In 1987, Sony Corporation of Japan bought the company, and in 1991, renamed it SME. It is the world's second largest recorded music company, after Universal Music Group.

Q1: What was the first name of Sony Music Entertainment, Inc?
A1: American Record Corporation
Q2: In what year was it renamed Columbia Recording Corporation?
A2: 1938
Q3: In what year was it known as CBS Records?
A3: 1966
Q4: In what year did it land the name, Sony Music Entertainment?
A4: 1987
Q5: What company is the only group larger than Sony Music Entertainment?
A5: Universal Music Group.
PlayStation_3 (Video games)

Sony confirmed that there was an error and stated that they were narrowing down the issue and were continuing to work to restore service. By March 2 (UTC), 2010, owners of original PS3 models could connect to PSN successfully and the clock no longer showed December 31, 1999. Sony stated that the affected models incorrectly identified 2010 as a leap year, because of a bug in the BCD method of storing the date. However, for some users, the hardware's operating system clock (mainly updated from the internet and not associated with the internal clock) needed to be updated manually or by re-syncing it via the internet.

Q1: By what date did Sony correct the issue with the system clock?
A1: March 2 (UTC), 2010
Q2: What were the broken models mistakenly classifying 2010 as?
A2: a leap year
Q3: What storage system for dates led to the system clock error?
A3: BCD
Q4: What clock unrelated to the error in the PS3 had to be updated in some cases in order to fix the bug?
A4: operating system clock
PlayStation_3 (Video games)

Sony have since launched their budget range of PlayStation 3 titles, known as the Greatest Hits range in North America, the Platinum range in Europe and Australia and The Best range in Japan. Among the titles available in the budget range include Resistance: Fall of Man, MotorStorm, Uncharted: Drakes Fortune, Rainbow Six: Vegas, Call Of Duty 3, Assassin's Creed and Ninja Gaiden Sigma. As of October 2009 Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots, Ratchet & Clank Future: Tools of Destruction, Devil May Cry 4, Army of Two, Battlefield: Bad Company and Midnight Club: Los Angeles have also joined the list.

Q1: What's Sony's budget line of PS3 games called in Japan?
A1: The Best
Q2: If you live in Australia and want affordable PlayStation 3 games, what range would you shop for?
A2: Platinum
Q3: Which Call of Duty title does Sony include in their low-end price range?
A3: Call Of Duty 3
Q4: In what year was Devil May Cry 4 added to the budget game offerings for PS3?
A4: 2009
Q5: What words would you see in the United States or Canada on a PS3 game that would signify its lower price?
A5: Greatest Hits
PlayStation_3 (Video games)

Sony officially unveiled PlayStation 3 (then marketed as PLAYSTATION 3) to the public on May 16, 2005, at E3 2005, along with a 'boomerang' shaped prototype design of the Sixaxis controller. A functional version of the system was not present there, nor at the Tokyo Game Show in September 2005, although demonstrations (such as Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots) were held at both events on software development kits and comparable personal computer hardware. Video footage based on the predicted PlayStation 3 specifications was also shown (notably a Final Fantasy VII tech demo).

Q1: What shape was the Sixaxis prototype in?
A1: boomerang
Q2: What event did Sony choose for the PS3 unveiling?
A2: E3 2005
Q3: What popular game was demoed in a video at the game shows?
A3: Final Fantasy VII
Q4: What event did Sony take the PlayStation 3 to four months after E3?
A4: Tokyo Game Show
Q5: What was one game Sony debuted on a modified PC so gamers could get a look?
A5: Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots
Sony_Music_Entertainment (Music)

Sony renamed the record company Sony Music Entertainment (SME) on January 1, 1991, fulfilling the terms set under the 1988 buyout, which granted only a transitional license to the CBS trademark. The CBS Associated label was renamed Epic Associated. Also on January 1, 1991, to replace the CBS label, Sony reintroduced the Columbia label worldwide, which it previously held in the United States and Canada only, after it acquired the international rights to the trademark from EMI in 1990. Japan is the only country where Sony does not have rights to the Columbia name as it is controlled by Nippon Columbia, an unrelated company. Thus, until this day, Sony Music Entertainment Japan does not use the Columbia trademark for Columbia label recordings from outside Japan which are issued in Japan. The Columbia Records trademark's rightsholder in Spain was Bertelsmann Music Group, Germany, which Sony Music subsequently subsumed via a 2004 merger, followed by a 2008 buyout.

Q1: In what year did the name Sony Music Entertainment become the new name of Sony's record label?
A1: 1991
Q2: In what year did CBS Associated become Epic Associated?
A2: 1991
Q3: What is the only country where Sony has no rights to the Columbia label?
A3: Japan
Q4: Who owns the rights to the Columbia label in Japan?
A4: Nippon Columbia
High-definition_television (Engineering and technology)

Sony's PlayStation 3 has extensive HD compatibility because of its built in Blu-ray disc based player, so does Microsoft's Xbox 360 with the addition of Netflix and Windows Media Center HTPC streaming capabilities, and the Zune marketplace where users can rent or purchase digital HD content. Recently, Nintendo released a next generation high definition gaming platform, The Wii U, which includes TV remote control features in addition to IPTV streaming features like Netflix. The HD capabilities of the consoles has influenced some developers to port games from past consoles onto the PS3, Xbox 360 and Wii U, often with remastered or upscaled graphics.

Q1: Why does the PlayStation 3 have extensive HD compatibility?
A1: because of its built in Blu-ray disc based player
Q2: In addition to having a Blu-ray player the Xbox 360 also features what?
A2: Netflix and Windows Media Center HTPC streaming capabilities, and the Zune marketplace
Q3: What high definition gaming platform did Nintendo recently release?
A3: The Wii U
Q4: The HD capabilities of modern gaming systems has inspired developers to do what?
A4: port games from past consoles onto the PS3, Xbox 360 and Wii U, often with remastered or upscaled graphics
New_Delhi (Geography and places)

Soon Lutyens started considering other places. Indeed, the Delhi Town Planning Committee, set up to plan the new imperial capital, with George Swinton as chairman and John A. Brodie and Lutyens as members, submitted reports for both North and South sites. However, it was rejected by the Viceroy when the cost of acquiring the necessary properties was found to be too high. The central axis of New Delhi, which today faces east at India Gate, was previously meant to be a north-south axis linking the Viceroy's House at one end with Paharganj at the other. During the project's early years, many tourists believed it was a gate from Earth to Heaven itself. Eventually, owing to space constraints and the presence of a large number of heritage sites in the North side, the committee settled on the South site. A site atop the Raisina Hill, formerly Raisina Village, a Meo village, was chosen for the Rashtrapati Bhawan, then known as the Viceroy's House. The reason for this choice was that the hill lay directly opposite the Dinapanah citadel, which was also considered the site of Indraprastha, the ancient region of Delhi. Subsequently, the foundation stone was shifted from the site of Delhi Durbar of 1911–1912, where the Coronation Pillar stood, and embedded in the walls of the forecourt of the Secretariat. The Rajpath, also known as King's Way, stretched from the India Gate to the Rashtrapati Bhawan. The Secretariat building, the two blocks of which flank the Rashtrapati Bhawan and houses ministries of the Government of India, and the Parliament House, both designed by Herbert Baker, are located at the Sansad Marg and run parallel to the Rajpath.

Q1: Who rejected the proposals of Brodie and Lutyens?
A1: the Viceroy
Q2: Which site was eventually chosen by the Delhi Town Planning Committee?
A2: the South site
Q3: Raisina Hill lay directly opposite what religious site?
A3: Dinapanah citadel
Q4: The Rajpath was also known by what name?
A4: King's Way
Q5: Who designed the Parliament House of New Delhi?
A5: Herbert Baker
East_India_Company (History)

Soon after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, London merchants presented a petition to Queen Elizabeth I for permission to sail to the Indian Ocean. The permission was granted, and despite the defeat of the English Armada in 1589, on 10 April 1591 three ships sailed from Torbay around the Cape of Good Hope to the Arabian Sea on one of the earliest English overseas Indian expeditions. One of them, Edward Bonventure, then sailed around Cape Comorin and on to the Malay Peninsula and subsequently returned to England in 1594.

Q1: The Spanish Armada suffered a defeat in what year?
A1: 1588
Q2: Who did the London merchants petition to get permission to sail the Indian Ocean?
A2: Queen Elizabeth I
Q3: What was the first year the London merchants were granted permission to sail the Indina Ocean?
A3: 1589
Q4: how many ships sailed Torbay?
A4: three
Q5: who returned to england after sailing around Cape Comorin?
A5: Edward Bonventure
Q6:  in this paragraph the Spanish Armada suffered a defeat in what year?
A6: 1588
Q7: how many ships sailed  from Torbay?
A7: three
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects (Art and architecture)

Soon after the passing of the 1931 Act, in the book published on the occasion of the Institute's centenary celebration in 1934, Harry Barnes, FRIBA, Chairman of the Registration Committee, mentioned that ARCUK could not be a rival of any architectural association, least of all the RIBA, given the way ARCUK was constituted. Barnes commented that the Act's purpose was not protecting the architectural profession, and that the legitimate interests of the profession were best served by the (then) architectural associations in which some 80 per cent of those practising architecture were to be found.

Q1: When did the Royal Institute celebrate its 100th anniversary?
A1: 1934
Q2: Who was the head of the Registration Committee in 1934?
A2: Harry Barnes
Q3: In 1934, what percentage of architects were members of professional organizations?
A3: 80 per cent
Q4: Who did Barnes believe was best able to advance the interests of architects?
A4: architectural associations
Q5: What specific institution did Barnes indicate could not be a rival of the Royal Institute?
A5: ARCUK
Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty (History)

Soon after the victory in Ü-Tsang, Güshi Khan organized a welcoming ceremony for Lozang Gyatso once he arrived a day's ride from Shigatse, presenting his conquest of Tibet as a gift to the Dalai Lama. In a second ceremony held within the main hall of the Shigatse fortress, Güshi Khan enthroned the Dalai Lama as the ruler of Tibet, but conferred the actual governing authority to the regent Sonam Chöpel. Although Güshi Khan had granted the Dalai Lama "supreme authority" as Goldstein writes, the title of 'King of Tibet' was conferred upon Güshi Khan, spending his summers in pastures north of Lhasa and occupying Lhasa each winter. Van Praag writes that at this point Güshi Khan maintained control over the armed forces, but accepted his inferior status towards the Dalai Lama. Rawski writes that the Dalai Lama shared power with his regent and Güshi Khan during his early secular and religious reign. However, Rawski states that he eventually "expanded his own authority by presenting himself as Avalokiteśvara through the performance of rituals," by building the Potala Palace and other structures on traditional religious sites, and by emphasizing lineage reincarnation through written biographies. Goldstein states that the government of Güshi Khan and the Dalai Lama persecuted the Karma Kagyu sect, confiscated their wealth and property, and even converted their monasteries into Gelug monasteries. Rawski writes that this Mongol patronage allowed the Gelugpas to dominate the rival religious sects in Tibet.

Q1: Who did Güshi Khan organize a welcome ceremony for?
A1: Lozang Gyatso
Q2: What did Güshi Khan present as a gift to the Dalai Lama?
A2: his conquest of Tibet
Q3: Who did Güshi Khan enthrone the ruler of Tibet?
A3: the Dalai Lama
Q4: Who did Güshi Khan grant the governing authority to?
A4: the regent Sonam Chöpel
Q5: The title of 'King of Tibet belonged to whom?
A5: Güshi Khan
Korean_War (Warfare)

Soon after the war began, General MacArthur had begun planning a landing at Incheon, but the Pentagon opposed him. When authorized, he activated a combined U.S. Army and Marine Corps, and ROK Army force. The X Corps, led by General Edward Almond, Commander, consisted of 40,000 men of the 1st Marine Division, the 7th Infantry Division and around 8,600 ROK Army soldiers. By 15 September, the amphibious assault force faced few KPA defenders at Incheon: military intelligence, psychological warfare, guerrilla reconnaissance, and protracted bombardment facilitated a relatively light battle. However, the bombardment destroyed most of the city of Incheon.

Q1: Who initially opposed General MacArthur's landing plan?
A1: the Pentagon
Q2: What Corps included 40,000 men from the 1st Marine Division?
A2: The X Corps
Q3: Who coordinated the efforts of the ROK Army, Marine Corps and the US Army to stage a successful battle?
A3: General Edward Almond
Crimean_War (History)

Soon after, a Russian cavalry movement was countered by the Heavy Brigade, who charged and fought hand-to-hand until the Russians retreated. This caused a more widespread Russian retreat, including a number of their artillery units. When the local commanders failed to take advantage of the retreat, Lord Raglan sent out orders to move up. The local commanders ignored the demands, leading to the British aide-de-camp personally delivering a quickly written and confusing order to attack the artillery. When the Earl of Cardigan questioned what they referred to, the aide-de-camp pointed to the first Russian battery he could see – the wrong one.

Q1: Who countered the Russian cavalry's movement?
A1: Heavy Brigade
Q2: Who failed to take advantage of the retreat?
A2: local commanders
Q3: Who sent the order to have them advance their position?
A3: Lord Raglan
Q4: Who ignored Lord Raglan's advice to advance?
A4: The local commanders
Universal_Studios (Media and drama)

Soon, Laemmle and other disgruntled nickelodeon owners decided to avoid paying Edison by producing their own pictures. In June 1909, Laemmle started the Yankee Film Company with partners Abe Stern and Julius Stern. That company quickly evolved into the Independent Moving Pictures Company (IMP), with studios in Fort Lee, New Jersey, where many early films in America's first motion picture industry were produced in the early 20th century. Laemmle broke with Edison's custom of refusing to give billing and screen credits to performers. By naming the movie stars, he attracted many of the leading players of the time, contributing to the creation of the star system. In 1910, he promoted Florence Lawrence, formerly known as "The Biograph Girl", and actor King Baggot, in what may be the first instance of a studio using stars in its marketing.

Q1: What company did Laemmle found in June 1909?
A1: Yankee Film Company
Q2: Who were Laemmle's business partners in the Yankee Film Company?
A2: Abe Stern and Julius Stern
Q3: In what city and state was the Independent Moving Pictures Company based?
A3: Fort Lee, New Jersey
Q4: What was a nickname of Florence Lawrence?
A4: The Biograph Girl
Q5: What actor did Laemmle promote?
A5: King Baggot
Protestantism (Philosophy and religion)

Soteriologically, most Methodists are Arminian, emphasizing that Christ accomplished salvation for every human being, and that humans must exercise an act of the will to receive it (as opposed to the traditional Calvinist doctrine of monergism). Methodism is traditionally low church in liturgy, although this varies greatly between individual congregations; the Wesleys themselves greatly valued the Anglican liturgy and tradition. Methodism is known for its rich musical tradition; John Wesley's brother, Charles, was instrumental in writing much of the hymnody of the Methodist Church, and many other eminent hymn writers come from the Methodist tradition.

Q1: Methodists believe that Christ achieved salvation for whom?
A1: every human being
Q2: What do Methodists believe that one must do to receive Christ's salvation?
A2: exercise an act of the will
Q3: What is Methodism known for, as far as music goes?
A3: its rich musical tradition
Q4: Who wrote most of the Methodist hymns?
A4: John Wesley's brother, Charles
Q5: What Calvinist doctrine is focuses on salvation?
A5: monergism
House_music (Music)

Soul and disco influenced house music, plus mixing and editing techniques earlier explored by disco, garage music and post-disco DJs, producers, and audio engineers such as Walter Gibbons, Tom Moulton, Jim Burgess, Larry Levan, Ron Hardy, M & M, and others who produced longer, more repetitive, and percussive arrangements of existing disco recordings. Early house producers such as Frankie Knuckles created similar compositions from scratch, using samplers, synthesizers, sequencers, and drum machines.

Q1: What influenced House music?
A1: Soul and disco
Q2: What type of producer was Frankie Knuckles?
A2: Early house producers
Q3: what did Frankie Knuckles use to create his compositions?
A3: samplers, synthesizers, sequencers, and drum machines
LaserDisc (Engineering and technology)

Sound could be stored in either analog or digital format and in a variety of surround sound formats; NTSC discs could carry two analog audio tracks, plus two uncompressed PCM digital audio tracks, which were (EFM, CIRC, 16-bit and 44.056 kHz sample rate). PAL discs could carry one pair of audio tracks, either analog or digital and the digital tracks on a PAL disc were 16-bit 44.1 kHz as on a CD; in the UK, the term "LaserVision" is used to refer to discs with analog sound, while "LaserDisc" is used for those with digital audio. The digital sound signal in both formats are EFM-encoded as in CD. Dolby Digital (also called AC-3) and DTS—which are now common on DVD titles—first became available on LaserDisc, and Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (1999) which was released on LaserDisc in Japan, is among the first home video releases ever to include 6.1 channel Dolby Digital EX Surround. Unlike DVDs, which carry Dolby Digital audio in digital form, LaserDiscs store Dolby Digital in a frequency modulated form within a track normally used for analog audio. Extracting Dolby Digital from a LaserDisc required a player equipped with a special "AC-3 RF" output and an external demodulator in addition to an AC-3 decoder. The demodulator was necessary to convert the 2.88 MHz modulated AC-3 information on the disc into a 384 kbit/s signal that the decoder could handle. DTS audio, when available on a disc, replaced the digital audio tracks; hearing DTS sound required only an S/PDIF compliant digital connection to a DTS decoder.

Q1: What was the difference between LaserDisc and LaserVision in the UK?
A1: "LaserVision" is used to refer to discs with analog sound, while "LaserDisc" is used for those with digital audio
Q2: The Phantom Menace was one of the first home videos to use what sound format?
A2: 6.1 channel Dolby Digital EX Surround.
Q3: What sound formatting do DVDs use?
A3: Dolby Digital audio in digital form
Institute_of_technology (Engineering and technology)

South Africa has completed a process of transforming its "higher education landscape". Historically a division has existed in South Africa between Universities and Technikons (polytechnics) as well between institutions servicing particular racial and language groupings. In 1993 Technikons were afforded the power to award certain technology degrees.

Q1: What are polytechnics called in South Africa?
A1: Technikons
Q2: What year did Technikons gain the ability to give out technology degrees?
A2: 1993
Namibia (Social sciences and society)

South Africa occupied the colony in 1915 after defeating the German force during World War I and administered it from 1919 onward as a League of Nations mandate territory. Although the South African government desired to incorporate 'South-West Africa' into its territory, it never officially did so, although it was administered as the de facto 'fifth province', with the white minority having representation in the whites-only Parliament of South Africa, as well as electing their own local administration the SWA Legislative Assembly. The South African government also appointed the SWA administrator, who had extensive powers. Following the League's replacement by the United Nations in 1946, South Africa refused to surrender its earlier mandate to be replaced by a United Nations Trusteeship agreement, requiring closer international monitoring of the territory's administration (along with a definite independence schedule). The Herero Chief's Council submitted a number of petitions to the UN calling for it to grant Namibia independence during the 1950s. During the 1960s, when European powers granted independence to their colonies and trust territories in Africa, pressure mounted on South Africa to do so in Namibia. In 1966 the International Court of Justice dismissed a complaint brought by Ethiopia and Liberia against South Africa's continued presence in the territory, but the U.N. General Assembly subsequently revoked South Africa's mandate, while in 1971 the International Court of Justice issued an "advisory opinion" declaring South Africa's continued administration to be illegal.

Q1: When did South Africa occupy Namibia? 
A1: 1915
Q2: When did South Africa refuse to surrender Namibia? 
A2: 1946
Q3: Which council submitted petitions for Namibia's independence?
A3: Herero Chief's Council
Q4: When did European powers grant independence to their colonies in Africa?
A4: 1960s
Q5: When was the League replaced by the United Nations?
A5: 1946
Geological_history_of_Earth (Natural sciences)

South America became linked to North America through the Isthmus of Panama during the Pliocene, bringing a nearly complete end to South America's distinctive marsupial faunas. The formation of the Isthmus had major consequences on global temperatures, since warm equatorial ocean currents were cut off and an Atlantic cooling cycle began, with cold Arctic and Antarctic waters dropping temperatures in the now-isolated Atlantic Ocean. Africa's collision with Europe formed the Mediterranean Sea, cutting off the remnants of the Tethys Ocean. Sea level changes exposed the land-bridge between Alaska and Asia. Near the end of the Pliocene, about 2.58 million years ago (the start of the Quaternary Period), the current ice age began. The polar regions have since undergone repeated cycles of glaciation and thaw, repeating every 40,000–100,000 years.

Q1: What is the link between North and South America called?
A1: the Isthmus of Panama
Q2: In which period did North and South America become linked?
A2: Pliocene
Q3: The Pliocene saw the end of what fauna in South America?
A3: marsupial faunas
Q4: The Mediterranean was created by the collision of Europe and what?
A4: Africa
Q5: What period came after the Pliocene?
A5: the Quaternary Period