LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Alps (Geography and places)

Many rodents such as voles live underground. Marmots live almost exclusively above the tree line as high as 2,700 m (8,858 ft). They hibernate in large groups to provide warmth, and can be found in all areas of the Alps, in large colonies they build beneath the alpine pastures. Golden eagles and bearded vultures are the largest birds to be found in the Alps; they nest high on rocky ledges and can be found at altitudes of 2,400 m (7,874 ft). The most common bird is the alpine chough which can be found scavenging at climber's huts or at the Jungfraujoch, a high altitude tourist destination.

Q1: Where do many rodents live?
A1: underground
Q2: Where do Marmots live?
A2: almost exclusively above the tree line as high as 2,700 m (8,858 ft)
Q3: Where do marmots build their colonies?
A3: beneath the alpine pastures
Q4: What is the most common bird found in the Alps?
A4: the alpine chough
University (Language and literature)

Many scholars (including Makdisi) have argued that early medieval universities were influenced by the religious madrasahs in Al-Andalus, the Emirate of Sicily, and the Middle East (during the Crusades). Other scholars see this argument as overstated. Lowe and Yasuhara have recently drawn on the well-documented influences of scholarship from the Islamic world on the universities of Western Europe to call for a reconsideration of the development of higher education, turning away from a concern with local institutional structures to a broader consideration within a global context.

Q1: Madrasas in which specific location are said to have guided the formation of medieval universities?
A1: Al-Andalus
Q2: Al-Andalus was an Emirate of which entity?
A2: Sicily
Q3: Some scholars think that universities come from what, rather than solely local influences?
A3: a global context
Q4: During what notable Middle East conflict is it believed by some that Universities received influence from madrasas?
A4: the Crusades
Unicode (Engineering and technology)

Many scripts, including Arabic and Devanagari, have special orthographic rules that require certain combinations of letterforms to be combined into special ligature forms. The rules governing ligature formation can be quite complex, requiring special script-shaping technologies such as ACE (Arabic Calligraphic Engine by DecoType in the 1980s and used to generate all the Arabic examples in the printed editions of the Unicode Standard), which became the proof of concept for OpenType (by Adobe and Microsoft), Graphite (by SIL International), or AAT (by Apple).

Q1: What does ACE stand for? 
A1: Arabic Calligraphic Engine
Q2: Who created ACE?
A2: DecoType
Q3: When was ACE created? 
A3: 1980s
Q4: Who created OpenType?
A4: Adobe and Microsoft
Q5: Who created Graphite? 
A5: SIL International
Light-emitting_diode (Engineering and technology)

Many sensor systems rely on light as the signal source. LEDs are often ideal as a light source due to the requirements of the sensors. LEDs are used as motion sensors, for example in optical computer mice. The Nintendo Wii's sensor bar uses infrared LEDs. Pulse oximeters use them for measuring oxygen saturation. Some flatbed scanners use arrays of RGB LEDs rather than the typical cold-cathode fluorescent lamp as the light source. Having independent control of three illuminated colors allows the scanner to calibrate itself for more accurate color balance, and there is no need for warm-up. Further, its sensors only need be monochromatic, since at any one time the page being scanned is only lit by one color of light. Since LEDs can also be used as photodiodes, they can be used for both photo emission and detection. This could be used, for example, in a touchscreen that registers reflected light from a finger or stylus. Many materials and biological systems are sensitive to, or dependent on, light. Grow lights use LEDs to increase photosynthesis in plants, and bacteria and viruses can be removed from water and other substances using UV LEDs for sterilization.

Q1: What video game console uses infrared LEDs?
A1: Nintendo Wii
Q2: What device uses infrared LEDs to measure oxygen saturation?
A2: Pulse oximeters
Q3: Some flatbed scanners use what type of LED?
A3: RGB LEDs
Q4: By using LEDs, scanners do not have to what?
A4: warm-up
Q5: Grow lights use LEDs for what process?
A5: increase photosynthesis in plants
Bird (Natural sciences)

Many sleeping birds bend their heads over their backs and tuck their bills in their back feathers, although others place their beaks among their breast feathers. Many birds rest on one leg, while some may pull up their legs into their feathers, especially in cold weather. Perching birds have a tendon locking mechanism that helps them hold on to the perch when they are asleep. Many ground birds, such as quails and pheasants, roost in trees. A few parrots of the genus Loriculus roost hanging upside down. Some hummingbirds go into a nightly state of torpor accompanied with a reduction of their metabolic rates. This physiological adaptation shows in nearly a hundred other species, including owlet-nightjars, nightjars, and woodswallows. One species, the common poorwill, even enters a state of hibernation. Birds do not have sweat glands, but they may cool themselves by moving to shade, standing in water, panting, increasing their surface area, fluttering their throat or by using special behaviours like urohidrosis to cool themselves.

Q1: These types of birds have a tendon locking mechanism.
A1: Perching birds
Q2: Where do many ground birds, such as quails and pheasants, roost?
A2: in trees
Q3: A few parrots of what genus roost hanging upside down?
A3: Loriculus
Q4: What type of birds go into a nightly state of torpor?
A4: Some hummingbirds
Q5: Birds do not have what type of glands:?
A5: sweat
History_of_India (History)

Many smaller clans mentioned within early literature seem to have been present across the rest of the subcontinent. Some of these kings were hereditary; other states elected their rulers. Early "republics" such as the Vajji (or Vriji) confederation centered in the city of Vaishali, existed as early as the 6th century BCE and persisted in some areas until the 4th century CE. The educated speech at that time was Sanskrit, while the languages of the general population of northern India are referred to as Prakrits. Many of the sixteen kingdoms had coalesced to four major ones by 500/400 BCE, by the time of Gautama Buddha. These four were Vatsa, Avanti, Kosala, and Magadha. The Life of Gautam Budhha was mainly associated with these four kingdoms.

Q1: Where was the Vajji confederation located?
A1: Vaishali
Q2: How early did the small republic states exist in India?
A2: 6th century BCE
Q3: Until what century did the republic states endure in India?
A3: 4th century CE
Q4: In what language did the educated Indian speak?
A4: Sanskrit
Q5: What was the general population's common language ?
A5: Prakrits
Race_(human_categorization) (Natural sciences)

Many social scientists have replaced the word race with the word "ethnicity" to refer to self-identifying groups based on beliefs concerning shared culture, ancestry and history. Alongside empirical and conceptual problems with "race", following the Second World War, evolutionary and social scientists were acutely aware of how beliefs about race had been used to justify discrimination, apartheid, slavery, and genocide. This questioning gained momentum in the 1960s during the U.S. civil rights movement and the emergence of numerous anti-colonial movements worldwide. They thus came to believe that race itself is a social construct, a concept that was believed to correspond to an objective reality but which was believed in because of its social functions.

Q1: What word do many social scientists instead of race?
A1: ethnicity
Q2: What had been used to justify discrimination, apartheid, slavery and genocide in WWII?
A2: beliefs about race
Q3: When did the civil rights movement take place?
A3: the 1960s
Q4: What movement gained momentum worldwide in the 60's?
A4: anti-colonial
Q5: What type of reality do some believe race is a social construct corresponding to?
A5: objective
Renewable_energy_commercialization (Engineering and technology)

Many solar photovoltaic power stations have been built, mainly in Europe. As of July 2012, the largest photovoltaic (PV) power plants in the world are the Agua Caliente Solar Project (USA, 247 MW), Charanka Solar Park (India, 214 MW), Golmud Solar Park (China, 200 MW), Perovo Solar Park (Russia 100 MW), Sarnia Photovoltaic Power Plant (Canada, 97 MW), Brandenburg-Briest Solarpark (Germany 91 MW), Solarpark Finow Tower (Germany 84.7 MW), Montalto di Castro Photovoltaic Power Station (Italy, 84.2 MW), Eggebek Solar Park (Germany 83.6 MW), Senftenberg Solarpark (Germany 82 MW), Finsterwalde Solar Park (Germany, 80.7 MW), Okhotnykovo Solar Park (Russia, 80 MW), Lopburi Solar Farm (Thailand 73.16 MW), Rovigo Photovoltaic Power Plant (Italy, 72 MW), and the Lieberose Photovoltaic Park (Germany, 71.8 MW).

Q1: Where have the majority of photovoltaic power stations been built?
A1: Europe
Q2: Where is the Agua Caliente Solar Project located?
A2: USA
Q3: Where is Charanka Solar Park?
A3: India
Bird (Natural sciences)

Many species of birds are economically important. Domesticated and undomesticated birds (poultry and game) are important sources of eggs, meat, and feathers. Songbirds, parrots, and other species are popular as pets. Guano (bird excrement) is harvested for use as a fertilizer. Birds prominently figure throughout human culture. About 120–130 species have become extinct due to human activity since the 17th century, and hundreds more before then. Human activity threatens about 1,200 bird species with extinction, though efforts are underway to protect them. Recreational birdwatching is an important part of the ecotourism industry.

Q1: Which birds are popular as pets?
A1: Songbirds, parrots
Q2: What is guano?
A2: bird excrement
Q3: What is the name of bird excrement?
A3: Guano
Q4: What is harvested for use as fertilizer?
A4: Guano
Q5: How many species of birds have become extinct as a result of human activity?
A5: 120–130
Bird (Natural sciences)

Many species of the second major avialan lineage to diversify, the Euornithes (meaning "true birds", because they include the ancestors of modern birds), were semi-aquatic and specialized in eating fish and other small aquatic organisms. Unlike the enantiornithes, which dominated land-based and arboreal habitats, most early euornithes lacked perching adaptations and seem to have included shorebird-like species, waders, and swimming and diving species. The later included the superficially gull-like Ichthyornis, the Hesperornithiformes, which became so well adapted to hunting fish in marine environments that they lost the ability to fly and became primarily aquatic. The early euornithes also saw the development of many traits associated with modern birds, like strongly keeled breastbones, toothless, beaked portions of their jaws (though most non-avian euornithes retained teeth in other parts of the jaws). Euornithes also included the first avialans to develop true pygostyle and a fully mobile fan of tail feathers, which may have replaced the "hind wing" as the primary mode of aerial maneuverability and braking in flight.

Q1: What does Euornithes mean?
A1: true birds
Q2: Why does Euornithes mean "true birds?"
A2: because they include the ancestors of modern birds
Q3: What group became the first avialans to develop true pygostyle and a fully mobile fan of tail feathers?
A3: Euornithes
Q4: What may have replaced the "hind wing" as the primary mode of aerial maneuverability?
A4: fully mobile fan of tail feathers
New_York_City (Geography and places)

Many sports are associated with New York's immigrant communities. Stickball, a street version of baseball, was popularized by youths in the 1930s, and a street in the Bronx was renamed Stickball Boulevard in the late 2000s to memorialize this.

Q1: A version of baseball played in city streets was nicknamed was in the 1930s?
A1: Stickball
Q2: What street was renamed in the late 2000s to commemorate the street version of baseball?
A2: Stickball Boulevard
Q3: In what borough is Stickball Boulevard located?
A3: the Bronx
Bermuda (History)

Many sports popular today were formalised by British Public schools and universities in the 19th century. These schools produced the civil servants and military and naval officers required to build and maintain the British empire, and team sports were considered a vital tool for training their students to think and act as part of a team. Former public schoolboys continued to pursue these activities, and founded organisations such as the Football Association (FA). Today's association of football with the working classes began in 1885 when the FA changed its rules to allow professional players.

Q1: Who created and popularized many of the sports that we love today?
A1: British Public schools and universities in the 19th century
Q2: Why were sports important in these schools?
A2: sports were considered a vital tool for training their students to think and act as part of a team
Q3: Who founded organizations like the FA?
A3: Former public schoolboys
Q4: What changed in 1885 due to the FA changing rules?
A4: association of football with the working classes
Northwestern_University (History)

Many students are involved in community service in one form or another. Annual events include Dance Marathon, a thirty-hour event that raised more than a million dollars for charity in 2011; and Project Pumpkin, a Halloween celebration hosted by the Northwestern Community Development Corps (NCDC) to which more than 800 local children are invited for an afternoon of games and sweets. NCDC's work is to connect hundreds of student volunteers to some twenty volunteer sites in Evanston and Chicago throughout the year. Many students have assisted with the Special Olympics and have taken alternative spring break trips to hundreds of service sites across the United States. Northwestern students also participate in the Freshman Urban Program, a program for students interested in community service. A large and growing number of students participate in the university's Global Engagement Summer Institute (GESI), a group service-learning expedition in Asia, Africa, or Latin America, in conjunction with the Foundation for Sustainable Development. Several internationally recognized non-profit organizations have originated at Northwestern including the World Health Imaging, Informatics and Telemedicine Alliance, a spin-off from an engineering student's honors thesis.

Q1: What 30 hour event raised more than a million dollars for charity in 2011?
A1: Dance Marathon
Q2: What is the name of the Halloween celebration to which over 800 local children are invited?
A2: Project Pumpkin
Q3: What is the name of the Northwestern program for students interested in community service?
A3: Freshman Urban Program
Q4: What is the name of the university's group service-learning expedition in Asia, Africa or Latin America?
A4: Global Engagement Summer Institute
Q5: What does NCDC stand for?
A5: Northwestern Community Development Corps
Muammar_Gaddafi (History)

Many teachers at Sabha were Egyptian, and for the first time Gaddafi had access to pan-Arab newspapers and radio broadcasts, most notably the Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs. Growing up, Gaddafi witnessed significant events rock the Arab world, including the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the Suez Crisis of 1956, and the short-lived existence of the United Arab Republic between 1958 and 1961. Gaddafi admired the political changes implemented in the Arab Republic of Egypt under his hero, President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Nasser argued for Arab nationalism; the rejection of Western colonialism, neo-colonialism, and Zionism; and a transition from capitalism to socialism. Nasser's book, Philosophy of the Revolution, was a key influence on Gaddafi; outlining how to initiate a coup, it has been described as "the inspiration and blueprint of [Gaddafi's] revolution."

Q1: What changes impressed Gaddafi in Egypt?
A1: President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Nasser argued for Arab nationalism; the rejection of Western colonialism, neo-colonialism, and Zionism
Q2: What Egyptian leader impressed Gaddafi?
A2: his hero, President Gamal Abdel Nasser
Q3: What book instructed Gaddafi in how to stage a coup?
A3: Nasser's book, Philosophy of the Revolution
Q4: Name one event that occurred in the Arab world during Gaddafi 's childhood that influenced his life.
A4: 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the Suez Crisis of 1956, and the short-lived existence of the United Arab Republic between 1958 and 1961
Q5: What political ideology did Nasser implement?
A5: transition from capitalism to socialism
Q6: What was the nationality of a significant number of teachers in Sabha?
A6: Egyptian
Q7: From what city did Voice of the Arabs broadcast?
A7: Cairo
Q8: What notable event occurred in 1952?
A8: Egyptian Revolution
Q9: When did the United Arab Republic end?
A9: 1961
Q10: What political leader did Gaddafi greatly admire?
A10: Nasser
Professional_wrestling (Sports and recreation)

Many television shows and films have been produced which portray in-character professional wrestlers as protagonists, such as Ready to Rumble, ¡Mucha Lucha!, Nacho Libre, and the Santo film series. In the wildly popular Rocky series of films about the fictional boxer Rocky Balboa, Rocky III saw its hero fighting a "boxer vs. wrestler" exhibition match against the enormous and villainous wrestler "Thunderlips", portrayed by real-life soon-to-be wrestling icon Hulk Hogan. At least two stage plays set in the world of pro wrestling have been produced: The Baron is a comedy that retells the life of an actual performer known as Baron von Raschke. From Parts Unknown... is an award-nominated Canadian drama about the rise and fall of a fictional wrestler. The 2009 South Park episode "W.T.F." played on the soap operatic elements of professional wrestling. One of the lead characters on the Disney Channel series Kim Possible was a huge fan of pro wrestling and actually featured it on an episode (with two former WWE wrestlers voicing the two fictitious wrestlers featured in the episode). The 2008 film The Wrestler, about a washed-up professional wrestler, garnered several Oscar nominations.

Q1: Name a popular series of boxing films?
A1: Rocky series
Q2: Who is the movie The Baron about? 
A2: Baron von Raschke
Q3: What episode of South Park dealt with wrestling?
A3: "W.T.F."
Q4: What critically acclaimed wrestling film came out in 2008? 
A4: The Wrestler
Q5: Many of what forms of entertainment have portrayed wrestlers? 
A5: television shows and films
Carnival (Philosophy and religion)

Many towns in Croatia's Kvarner region (and in other parts of the country) observe the Carnival period, incorporating local traditions and celebrating local culture. Just before the end of Carnival, every Kvarner town burns a man-like doll called a "Jure Piškanac", who is blamed for all the strife of the previous year. The Zvončari, or bell-ringers, wear bells and large head regalia representing their areas of origin (for example, those from Halubje wear regalia in the shape of animal heads). The traditional Carnival food is fritule, a pastry. This festival can also be called Poklade.

Q1: Many towns in what region of Croatia observe the Carnival period?
A1: Kvarner
Q2: What does every Kvarner town burn just before the end of the Carnival?
A2: a man-like doll
Q3: Who is blamed for all the strife of the previous year?
A3: Jure Piškanac
Q4: What does the head regalia of the bell-ringers represent?
A4: their areas of origin
Q5: What is the traditional Carnival food?
A5: fritule
Nanjing (Geography and places)

Many traditional festivals and customs were observed in the old times, which included climbing the City Wall on January 16, bathing in Qing Xi on March 3, hill hiking on September 9 and others (the dates are in Chinese lunar calendar). Almost none of them, however, are still celebrated by modern Nanjingese.

Q1: When was the festival of climbing on the city wall celebrated?
A1: January 16
Q2: On March 3, what festival was celebrated in ancient times?
A2: bathing in Qing Xi
Q3: What did citizens used to do on September 9?
A3: hill hiking
Q4: Where can one find the dates of more old festivals?
A4: Chinese lunar calendar
Q5: How many of these old festivals are still celebrated by residents of Nanjing?
A5: Almost none of them
Wood (Natural sciences)

Many types of sports equipment are made of wood, or were constructed of wood in the past. For example, cricket bats are typically made of white willow. The baseball bats which are legal for use in Major League Baseball are frequently made of ash wood or hickory, and in recent years have been constructed from maple even though that wood is somewhat more fragile. NBA courts have been traditionally made out of parquetry.

Q1: What wood is usually used for cricket bats?
A1: white willow
Q2: Ash and hickory are often used for baseball bats to comply with the rules of what organization?
A2: Major League Baseball
Q3: What is commonly used for the basketball courts the NBA plays on?
A3: parquetry
Q4: What wood has recently started being used to make baseball bats in addition to hickory and ash?
A4: maple
Q5: Compared to hickory and ash, what adjective might be used for a maple baseball bat?
A5: fragile
United_States_Army (History)

Many units are supplemented with a variety of specialized weapons, including the M249 SAW (Squad Automatic Weapon), to provide suppressive fire at the fire-team level. Indirect fire is provided by the M203 grenade launcher. The M1014 Joint Service Combat Shotgun or the Mossberg 590 Shotgun are used for door breaching and close-quarters combat. The M14EBR is used by designated marksmen. Snipers use the M107 Long Range Sniper Rifle, the M2010 Enhanced Sniper Rifle, and the M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper Rifle.

Q1: What does the SAW in M249 SAW stand for?
A1: Squad Automatic Weapon
Q2: What kind of gunfire is the M249 SAW generally used for?
A2: suppressive fire
Q3: What is the Mossberg 590 used for?
A3: door breaching and close-quarters combat
Q4: What gun do designated marksmen use?
A4: M14EBR
Q5: What semi-automatic sniper do Snipers use?
A5: M110
Brigham_Young_University (Philosophy and religion)

Many visitors to BYU, and Utah Valley as a whole, report being surprised by the culturally conservative environment. Brigham Young University's Honor Code, which all BYU students agree to follow as a condition of studying at BYU, prohibits the consumption of alcoholic beverages, tobacco, etc. As mentioned earlier, The Princeton Review has rated BYU the "#1 stone cold sober school" in the nation for several years running, an honor which the late LDS Church president Gordon B. Hinckley had commented on with pride. BYU's 2014 "#1 stone cold" sober rating marked the 17th year in a row that the school had earned that rating. BYU has used this and other honors awarded to the school to advertise itself to prospective students, showing that BYU is proud of the rating. According to the Uniform Crime Reports, incidents of crime in Provo are lower than the national average. Murder is rare, and robberies are about 1/10 the national average. Business Insider rated BYU as the #1 safest college campus in the nation.

Q1: Who rated BYU as the #1 stone cold sober school in the nation for several years?
A1: The Princeton Review
Q2: How does BYU feel about being rated the #1 stone cold sober school?
A2: proud
Q3: How do robberies at BYU's Provo compare to the national average?
A3: about 1/10
Q4: Who rated BYU as the #1 safest college campus in the nation?
A4: Business Insider
Q5: What BYU environment seems to surprise many visitors to BYU as well as to the Utah Valley?
A5: culturally conservative