LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Houston (History)

Houston is recognized worldwide for its energy industry—particularly for oil and natural gas—as well as for biomedical research and aeronautics. Renewable energy sources—wind and solar—are also growing economic bases in the city. The Houston Ship Channel is also a large part of Houston's economic base. Because of these strengths, Houston is designated as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network and global management consulting firm A.T. Kearney. The Houston area is the top U.S. market for exports, surpassing New York City in 2013, according to data released by the U.S. Department of Commerce's International Trade Administration. In 2012, the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land area recorded $110.3 billion in merchandise exports. Petroleum products, chemicals, and oil and gas extraction equipment accounted for approximately two-thirds of the metropolitan area's exports last year. The Top 3 destinations for exports were Mexico, Canada, and Brazil.

Q1: Besides oil and gas, what is Houston known for?
A1: biomedical research and aeronautics
Q2: What other industry is a large part of Houston's economy?
A2: Houston Ship Channel
Q3: What designation does the Globalization and World Cities Study Group give Houston?
A3: global city
Q4: In what did Houston pass New York City in 2013?
A4: market for exports
Q5: How much in dollars did the Houston area export in 2012?
A5: $110.3 billion
Houston (History)

Houston is served by the Houston Chronicle, its only major daily newspaper with wide distribution. The Hearst Corporation, which owns and operates the Houston Chronicle, bought the assets of the Houston Post—its long-time rival and main competition—when Houston Post ceased operations in 1995. The Houston Post was owned by the family of former Lieutenant Governor Bill Hobby of Houston. The only other major publication to serve the city is the Houston Press—a free alternative weekly with a weekly readership of more than 300,000.

Q1: What is Houston's major newspaper?
A1: Houston Chronicle
Q2: Who owns the Houston Chronicle?
A2: Hearst Corporation
Q3: When did Chronicle rival newspaper, the Houston Post, cease operations?
A3: 1995
Q4: Whose family owned the Houston Post?
A4: Bill Hobby
Q5: What is the other newspaper that serves Houston?
A5: Houston Press
Houston (History)

Houston is the seat of the internationally renowned Texas Medical Center, which contains the world's largest concentration of research and healthcare institutions. All 49 member institutions of the Texas Medical Center are non-profit organizations. They provide patient and preventive care, research, education, and local, national, and international community well-being. Employing more than 73,600 people, institutions at the medical center include 13 hospitals and two specialty institutions, two medical schools, four nursing schools, and schools of dentistry, public health, pharmacy, and virtually all health-related careers. It is where one of the first—and still the largest—air emergency service, Life Flight, was created, and a very successful inter-institutional transplant program was developed. More heart surgeries are performed at the Texas Medical Center than anywhere else in the world.

Q1: Where in Houston is the world's largest grouping of healthcare institutions?
A1: Texas Medical Center
Q2: How many non profit organizations are members of the Medical Center?
A2: 49
Q3: How many people are employed in the Texas Medical Center?
A3: 73,600
Q4: How many hospitals belong to the Medical Center group of organizations?
A4: 13
Q5: What is the name of the first air emergency service?
A5: Life Flight
Houston (History)

Houston was founded in 1836 on land near the banks of Buffalo Bayou (now known as Allen's Landing) and incorporated as a city on June 5, 1837. The city was named after former General Sam Houston, who was president of the Republic of Texas and had commanded and won at the Battle of San Jacinto 25 miles (40 km) east of where the city was established. The burgeoning port and railroad industry, combined with oil discovery in 1901, has induced continual surges in the city's population. In the mid-twentieth century, Houston became the home of the Texas Medical Center—the world's largest concentration of healthcare and research institutions—and NASA's Johnson Space Center, where the Mission Control Center is located.

Q1: When was Houston founded?
A1: 1836
Q2: Where is Allen's Landing?
A2: Buffalo Bayou
Q3: When was the City of Houston incorporated?
A3: June 5, 1837
Q4: For whom was Houston named?
A4: Sam Houston
Q5: For what battle was Sam Houston known as commander?
A5: Battle of San Jacinto
Houston (History)

Houston was incorporated in 1837 under the ward system of representation. The ward designation is the progenitor of the eleven current-day geographically oriented Houston City Council districts. Locations in Houston are generally classified as either being inside or outside the Interstate 610 Loop. The inside encompasses the central business district and many residential neighborhoods that predate World War II. More recently, high-density residential areas have been developed within the loop. The city's outlying areas, suburbs and enclaves are located outside of the loop. Beltway 8 encircles the city another 5 miles (8.0 km) farther out.

Q1: What system of incorporation was used in 1837 by Houston?
A1: ward system
Q2: What is the present day system being used by Houston for representation?
A2: Houston City Council districts
Q3: What highway is used to designate locations in Houston?
A3: Interstate 610 Loop
Q4: Beside older pre-World War II residences, what is found inside the Loop? 
A4: central business district
Q5: What highway circles the outer areas of Houston?
A5: Beltway 8
Houston (History)

Houston was the headquarters of Continental Airlines until its 2010 merger with United Airlines with headquarters in Chicago; regulatory approval for the merger was granted in October of that year. Bush Intercontinental became United Airlines' largest airline hub. The airline retained a significant operational presence in Houston while offering more than 700 daily departures from the city. In early 2007, Bush Intercontinental Airport was named a model "port of entry" for international travelers by U.S. Customs and Border Protection.

Q1: Until 2010, which airline made Houston its headquarters?
A1: Continental Airlines
Q2: Where is United Airlines' largest air hub?
A2: Bush Intercontinental
Q3: With which airline did Continental Airlines merge?
A3: United Airlines
Q4: How many daily flights did United Airlines offer from Houston?
A4: 700
Q5: In what year was Bush Intercontinental named a model by U.S. Customs?
A5: 2007
Houston (History)

Houston's economy has a broad industrial base in energy, manufacturing, aeronautics, and transportation. It is also leading in health care sectors and building oilfield equipment; only New York City is home to more Fortune 500 headquarters within its city limits. The Port of Houston ranks first in the United States in international waterborne tonnage handled and second in total cargo tonnage handled. Nicknamed the Space City, Houston is a global city, with strengths in business, international trade, entertainment, culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine and research. The city has a population from various ethnic and religious backgrounds and a large and growing international community. Houston is the most diverse city in Texas and has been described as the most diverse in the United States. It is home to many cultural institutions and exhibits, which attract more than 7 million visitors a year to the Museum District. Houston has an active visual and performing arts scene in the Theater District and offers year-round resident companies in all major performing arts.

Q1: What city has more Fortune 500 headquarters than Houston?
A1: New York City
Q2: What part of Houston ranks first in the U.S. in international tonnage?
A2: Port of Houston
Q3: What is Houston's nickname? 
A3: Space City
Q4: What is varied about Houston's population?
A4: ethnic and religious backgrounds
Q5: What city is the most diverse in Texas?
A5: Houston
Houston (History)

Houston's highway system has a hub-and-spoke freeway structure serviced by multiple loops. The innermost loop is Interstate 610, which encircles downtown, the medical center, and many core neighborhoods with around a 8-mile (13 km) diameter. Beltway 8 and its freeway core, the Sam Houston Tollway, form the middle loop at a diameter of roughly 23 miles (37 km). A proposed highway project, State Highway 99 (Grand Parkway), will form a third loop outside of Houston, totaling 180 miles in length and making an almost-complete circumference, with the exception of crossing the ship channel. As of June 2014, two of eleven segments of State Highway 99 have been completed to the west of Houston, and three northern segments, totaling 38 miles, are actively under construction and scheduled to open to traffic late in 2015. In addition to the Sam Houston Tollway loop mentioned above, the Harris County Toll Road Authority currently operates four spoke tollways: The Katy Managed Lanes of Interstate 10, the Hardy Toll Road, the Westpark Tollway, and the Fort Bend Parkway Extension. Other spoke roads either planned or under construction include Crosby Freeway, and the future Alvin Freeway.

Q1: What is the type of freeway system that serves Houston?
A1: hub-and-spoke
Q2: What encircles the downtown area of Houston?
A2: Interstate 610
Q3: What is the diameter of the downtown area?
A3: 8-mile
Q4: What part of the freeway system is Beltway 8?
A4: middle loop
Q5: What is the diameter of the center of Beltway 8?
A5: 23 miles
Liberal_Party_of_Australia (History)

Howard differed from his Labor predecessor Paul Keating in that he supported traditional Australian institutions like the Monarchy in Australia, the commemoration of ANZAC Day and the design of the Australian flag, but like Keating he pursued privatisation of public utilities and the introduction of a broad based consumption tax (although Keating had dropped support for a GST by the time of his 1993 election victory). Howard's premiership coincided with Al Qaeda's 11 September attacks on the United States. The Howard Government invoked the ANZUS treaty in response to the attacks and supported America's campaigns in Afghanistan and Iraq.

Q1: How was Howard different from Paul Keating?
A1: he supported traditional Australian institutions like the Monarchy in Australia, the commemoration of ANZAC Day and the design of the Australian flag
Q2: In what ways was Howard similar to Paul Keating?
A2: pursued privatisation of public utilities and the introduction of a broad based consumption tax
Q3: Which government supported the US's war Afghanistan and Iraq?
A3: The Howard Government
Q4: Under what agreement did the Australian government support the US?
A4: the ANZUS treaty
Athanasius_of_Alexandria (Philosophy and religion)

However Cornelius Clifford places his birth no earlier than 296 and no later than 298, based on the fact that Athanasius indicates no first hand recollection of the Maximian persecution of 303, which he suggests Athanasius would have remembered if he had been ten years old at the time. Secondly, the Festal Epistles state that the Arians had accused Athanasius, among other charges, of not having yet attained the canonical age (30) and thus could not have been properly ordained as Patriarch of Alexandria in 328. The accusation must have seemed plausible. The Orthodox Church places his year of birth around 297.

Q1: What famous event happened in 303?
A1: Maximian persecution
Q2: What writing mentions the Arian accusation that Athanasius was under aged?
A2: the Festal Epistles
Q3: At what age was a man eligible to be ordained at Patriarch of Alexandria?
A3: canonical age (30)
Qing_dynasty (History)

However Qing rule saw an massively increasing amount of Han Chinese both illegally and legally streaming into Manchuria and settling down to cultivate land as Manchu landlords desired Han Chinese peasants to rent on their land and grow grain, most Han Chinese migrants were not evicted as they went over the Great Wall and Willow Palisade, during the eighteenth century Han Chinese farmed 500,000 hectares of privately owned land in Manchuria and 203,583 hectares of lands which were part of coutrier stations, noble estates, and Banner lands, in garrisons and towns in Manchuria Han Chinese made up 80% of the population.

Q1: Where did Hans go to to find land?
A1: Manchuria
Q2: How much land did the Han cultivate?
A2: 500,000 hectares
Q3: What percent of the population in Manchuria was Han?
A3: 80%
Antenna_(radio) (Engineering and technology)

However a log-periodic dipole array consists of a number of dipole elements of different lengths in order to obtain a somewhat directional antenna having an extremely wide bandwidth: these are frequently used for television reception in fringe areas. The dipole antennas composing it are all considered "active elements" since they are all electrically connected together (and to the transmission line). On the other hand, a superficially similar dipole array, the Yagi-Uda Antenna (or simply "Yagi"), has only one dipole element with an electrical connection; the other so-called parasitic elements interact with the electromagnetic field in order to realize a fairly directional antenna but one which is limited to a rather narrow bandwidth. The Yagi antenna has similar looking parasitic dipole elements but which act differently due to their somewhat different lengths. There may be a number of so-called "directors" in front of the active element in the direction of propagation, and usually a single (but possibly more) "reflector" on the opposite side of the active element.

Q1: What type of antenna formation is made up of multiple dipole elements of varying lengths?
A1: log-periodic dipole array
Q2: What is the benefit of this formation type?
A2: extremely wide bandwidth
Q3: What is the main application of these set ups?
A3: television reception
Q4: What is a variation of this antenna type?
A4: Yagi-Uda Antenna
Antenna_(radio) (Engineering and technology)

However loss resistance will generally affect the feedpoint impedance, adding to its resistive (real) component. That resistance will consist of the sum of the radiation resistance Rr and the loss resistance Rloss. If an rms current I is delivered to the terminals of an antenna, then a power of I2Rr will be radiated and a power of I2Rloss will be lost as heat. Therefore, the efficiency of an antenna is equal to Rr / (Rr + Rloss). Of course only the total resistance Rr + Rloss can be directly measured.

Q1: What can increase the feedpoint impedance of a component?
A1: loss resistance
Q2: The addition of Rr and Rloss equals what?
A2: resistance
Q3: What equation an determine an antennas effectiveness?
A3: Rr / (Rr + Rloss)
Q4: What is the single factor that can be precisely measured?
A4: total resistance
Umayyad_Caliphate (History)

However many early history books like the Islamic Conquest of Syria Fatuhusham by al-Imam al-Waqidi state that after the conversion to Islam Muawiyah's father Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and his brothers Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan were appointed as commanders in the Muslim armies by Muhammad. Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan and Hind bint Utbah fought in the Battle of Yarmouk. The defeat of the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius at the Battle of Yarmouk opened the way for the Muslim expansion into Jerusalem and Syria.

Q1: What nation lost the Battle of Yarmouk?
A1: Byzantine
Q2: Who was the Byzantine leader at the Battle of Yarmouk?
A2: Heraclius
Q3: Along with Syria, where did the Muslims extend their control after the Battle of Yarmouk?
A3: Jerusalem
Q4: Who was the father of Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan?
A4: Abu Sufyan ibn Harb
Q5: Along with Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan, what notable Muslim participated in the Battle of Yarmouk?
A5: Hind bint Utbah
2008_Sichuan_earthquake (Natural sciences)

However questions still remain, as some of the corrupt government officials have still not been brought to justice, while the many families who lost their only child, are still seeking compensation and justice to what had happened. According to the Times, many parents were warned by the government not to stage a protest under the threat of arrest.

Q1: Who has not been brought to justice?
A1: corrupt government officials
Q2: Who is still looking for compensation and justice?
A2: many families
Q3: What has the government threatened people with to keep them from protesting?
A3: threat of arrest
Q4: What media reported the threat of arrest?
A4: the Times
Q5: What did many families lose in the earthquake?
A5: their only child
Avicenna (Language and literature)

However, Avicenna posited the brain as the place where reason interacts with sensation. Sensation prepares the soul to receive rational concepts from the universal Agent Intellect. The first knowledge of the flying person would be "I am," affirming his or her essence. That essence could not be the body, obviously, as the flying person has no sensation. Thus, the knowledge that "I am" is the core of a human being: the soul exists and is self-aware. Avicenna thus concluded that the idea of the self is not logically dependent on any physical thing, and that the soul should not be seen in relative terms, but as a primary given, a substance. The body is unnecessary; in relation to it, the soul is its perfection. In itself, the soul is an immaterial substance.

Q1: Where did reason interact with sensation according to Avicenna?
A1: the brain
Q2: What is the universal agent?
A2: Intellect
Q3: In Avicenna's work "Floating Man", what is the core of a human being?
A3: the knowledge that "I am"
Q4: What is the body's perfection?
A4: the soul
Q5: In Avicenna's "Floating Man", what could the essence of a person not be?
A5: the body
Eritrea (Natural sciences)

However, Eritrea still faces many challenges. Despite number of physicians increasing from only 0.2 in 1993 to 0.5 in 2004 per 1000 population, this is still very low. Malaria and tuberculosis are common in Eritrea. HIV prevalence among the 15–49 group exceeds 2%. The fertility rate is at about 5 births per woman. Maternal mortality dropped by more than half from 1995 to 2002, although the figure is still high. Similarly, between 1995 and 2002, the number of births attended by skilled health personnel has doubled but still is only 28.3%. A major cause of death in neonates is by severe infection. Per capita expenditure on health is low in Eritrea.

Q1: In 2004, how many physicians did Eritrea have per 1000 people?
A1: 0.5
Q2: How prevalent is HIV among the 15-49 age group in Eritrea?
A2: exceeds 2%
Q3: What is the fertility rate in Eriterea?
A3: 5 births per woman
Q4: As of 2002, how many births were attended by skilled health personnel in Eriterea?
A4: 28.3%
Q5: What is a major cause of death in neonates in Eriterea?
A5: severe infection
Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty (History)

However, Lok-Ham Chan, a professor of history at the University of Washington, writes that Changchub Gyaltsen's aims were to recreate the old Tibetan Kingdom that existed during the Chinese Tang dynasty, to build "nationalist sentiment" amongst Tibetans, and to "remove all traces of Mongol suzerainty." Georges Dreyfus, a professor of religion at Williams College, writes that it was Changchub Gyaltsen who adopted the old administrative system of Songtsän Gampo (c. 605–649)—the first leader of the Tibetan Empire to establish Tibet as a strong power—by reinstating its legal code of punishments and administrative units. For example, instead of the 13 governorships established by the Mongol Sakya viceroy, Changchub Gyaltsen divided Central Tibet into districts (dzong) with district heads (dzong dpon) who had to conform to old rituals and wear clothing styles of old Imperial Tibet. Van Praag asserts that Changchub Gyaltsen's ambitions were to "restore to Tibet the glories of its Imperial Age" by reinstating secular administration, promoting "national culture and traditions," and installing a law code that survived into the 20th century.

Q1: Who divided Central Tibet into districts? 
A1: Changchub Gyaltsen
Q2: Who strongly believed Changchub Gyaltsen wanted to restore the glories of its Imperial age to Tibet?
A2: Van Praag
Q3: What university was Lok-Ham Chan a professor at?
A3: the University of Washington
Q4: What did Lok-Ham Chan claim  Changchub Gyaltsen wanted to remove?
A4: all traces of Mongol suzerainty
Alfred_North_Whitehead (Philosophy and religion)

However, Mathews' frustration with Whitehead's books did not negatively affect his interest. In fact, there were numerous philosophers and theologians at Chicago's Divinity School that perceived the importance of what Whitehead was doing without fully grasping all of the details and implications. In 1927 they invited one of America's only Whitehead experts – Henry Nelson Wieman – to Chicago to give a lecture explaining Whitehead's thought. Wieman's lecture was so brilliant that he was promptly hired to the faculty and taught there for twenty years, and for at least thirty years afterward Chicago's Divinity School was closely associated with Whitehead's thought.

Q1: Who was frustrated in Whitehead's books but still interested?
A1: Mathews
Q2: What school recognized the importance of Whitehead's work?
A2: Chicago's Divinity School
Q3: Who was invited to the Chicago Divinity school as one of Whitehead's only experts?
A3: Henry Nelson Wieman
Q4: When was Henry Nelson Wieman invited to the Chicago Divinity school?
A4: 1927
Q5: What happened after Henry Nelson Wieman gave a lecture about Whitehead?
A5: hired
Q6: What affect did Matthews' opinion of the difficulty of Whitehead's works have on his interest in them?
A6: Mathews' frustration with Whitehead's books did not negatively affect his interest
Q7: How did many philosophers and theologians at Chicago's Divinity School view Whitehead's work?
A7: perceived the importance of what Whitehead was doing without fully grasping all of the details and implications
Q8: What expert on Whitehead delivered a lecture at the school to explain Whitehead's ideas?
A8: Henry Nelson Wieman
Q9: What was the result of that lecture?
A9: Wieman's lecture was so brilliant that he was promptly hired to the faculty and taught there for twenty years
2008_Sichuan_earthquake (Natural sciences)

However, Reuters reported in June that, to date, Chinese prosecutors have joined an official inquiry into ten collapsed schools during May's devastating earthquake to gain first-hand material of construction quality at the collapsed schools, launch preliminary inquiries and prepare for possible investigations into professional crime. It was also reported that safety checks were to be carried out at schools across China after last month's earthquake.

Q1: Why were the schools inspected?
A1: to gain first-hand material of construction quality
Q2: What was to be carried out at schools after the quake?
A2: safety checks
Q3: Who has joined an official inquiry into the school scandal?
A3: Chinese prosecutors
Q4: What investigation are the prosecutors pursuing?
A4: professional crime
Q5: Where are the Chinese going to perform safety checks?
A5: schools across China
Q6: What group reported that Chinese prosecutors were involved in investigating the schoolhouse collapses?
A6: Reuters