LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Southeast_Asia (Geography and places)

Indonesia is the largest country in Southeast Asia and it also the largest archipelago in the world by size (according to the CIA World Factbook). Geologically, the Indonesian Archipelago is one of the most volcanically active regions in the world. Geological uplifts in the region have also produced some impressive mountains, culminating in Puncak Jaya in Papua, Indonesia at 5,030 metres (16,500 feet), on the island of New Guinea; it is the only place where ice glaciers can be found in Southeast Asia. The second tallest peak is Mount Kinabalu in Sabah, Malaysia on the island of Borneo with a height of 4,095 metres (13,435 feet). The highest mountain in Southeast Asia is Hkakabo Razi at 5,967 meters and can be found in northern Burma sharing the same range of its parent peak, Mount Everest.

Q1: Name the largest country in Southeast Asia.
A1: Indonesia
Q2: Geologically what is Indonesia's region most active for?
A2: volcanically active
Lighting (Engineering and technology)

Indoor lighting is usually accomplished using light fixtures, and is a key part of interior design. Lighting can also be an intrinsic component of landscape projects.

Q1: What type of fixtures do you use for indoor lighting?
A1: light fixtures
Q2: What is considered a key part of interior design?
A2: Indoor lighting
Q3: What can be a intrinsic component of landscaping?
A3: lighting
Q4: What type of fixtures are used typically used for indoor lighting?
A4: light fixtures
Q5: What can be used as a intrinsic component of landscape projects?
A5: lighting
Neoclassical_architecture (Art and architecture)

Indoors, neoclassicism made a discovery of the genuine classic interior, inspired by the rediscoveries at Pompeii and Herculaneum. These had begun in the late 1740s, but only achieved a wide audience in the 1760s, with the first luxurious volumes of tightly controlled distribution of Le Antichità di Ercolano (The Antiquities of Herculaneum). The antiquities of Herculaneum showed that even the most classicising interiors of the Baroque, or the most "Roman" rooms of William Kent were based on basilica and temple exterior architecture turned outside in, hence their often bombastic appearance to modern eyes: pedimented window frames turned into gilded mirrors, fireplaces topped with temple fronts.

Q1: What rediscoveries inspired interior designs of neoclassicism?
A1: Pompeii and Herculaneum.
Q2: What tightly controlled book brought appeal for classic interior to masses?
A2: Le Antichità di Ercolano (The Antiquities of Herculaneum).
Q3: What are some examples of the changes of interior of neoclassicism from ancient rediscoveries?
A3: pedimented window frames turned into gilded mirrors, fireplaces topped with temple fronts
Q4: What were William Kent's interior designs based from?
A4: basilica and temple exterior architecture turned outside in
Hydrogen (Natural sciences)

Industrial production is mainly from the steam reforming of natural gas, and less often from more energy-intensive hydrogen production methods like the electrolysis of water. Most hydrogen is employed near its production site, with the two largest uses being fossil fuel processing (e.g., hydrocracking) and ammonia production, mostly for the fertilizer market. Hydrogen is a concern in metallurgy as it can embrittle many metals, complicating the design of pipelines and storage tanks.

Q1: What market primarily uses ammonia production?
A1: the fertilizer market
Q2: Name a process that uses fossil fuels along with hydrogen.
A2: hydrocracking
Modern_history (Philosophy and religion)

Industrialization is the process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a pre-industrial society into an industrial one. It is a subdivision of a more general modernization process, where social change and economic development are closely related with technological innovation, particularly with the development of large-scale energy and metallurgy production. It is the extensive organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing. Industrialization also introduces a form of philosophical change, where people obtain a different attitude towards their perception of nature.

Q1: What is industrialization? 
A1: social and economic change
Q2: During industrialization a human group is turned into what?
A2: from a pre-industrial society into an industrial one.
Q3: industrialization is a subdivision of what general process?
A3: technological innovation
Daylight_saving_time (Engineering and technology)

Industrialized societies generally follow a clock-based schedule for daily activities that do not change throughout the course of the year. The time of day that individuals begin and end work or school, and the coordination of mass transit, for example, usually remain constant year-round. In contrast, an agrarian society's daily routines for work and personal conduct are more likely governed by the length of daylight hours and by solar time, which change seasonally because of the Earth's axial tilt. North and south of the tropics daylight lasts longer in summer and shorter in winter, the effect becoming greater as one moves away from the tropics.

Q1: What kind of societies usually follow a regular daily schedule year-round?
A1: Industrialized
Q2: What kind of societies rely on solar time and daylight that changes with the seasons?
A2: agrarian
Q3: In what part of the world is daytime shorter in winter and longer in summer?
A3: North and south of the tropics
Q4: What is the tilt of the Earth that causes solar time to change called?
A4: axial tilt
Charleston,_South_Carolina (Geography and places)

Industries slowly brought the city and its inhabitants back to a renewed vitality and jobs attracted new residents. As the city's commerce improved, residents worked to restore or create community institutions. In 1865, the Avery Normal Institute was established by the American Missionary Association as the first free secondary school for Charleston's African American population. General William T. Sherman lent his support to the conversion of the United States Arsenal into the Porter Military Academy, an educational facility for former soldiers and boys left orphaned or destitute by the war. Porter Military Academy later joined with Gaud School and is now a university-preparatory school, Porter-Gaud School.

Q1: What association founded the Avery Normal Institute?
A1: the American Missionary Association
Q2: What type of school was the Avery Normal Institute?
A2: free secondary school
Q3: Who attended the Avery Normal Institute?
A3: Charleston's African American population
Q4: What general supported the conversion of a US Arsenal into Porter Military Academy?
A4: William T. Sherman
Q5: Soldiers and boys helped by Porter Military Academy were affected by what?
A5: war
Portugal (Geography and places)

Industry is diversified, ranging from automotive (Volkswagen Autoeuropa and Peugeot Citroen), aerospace (Embraer and OGMA), electronics and textiles, to food, chemicals, cement and wood pulp. Volkswagen Group's AutoEuropa motor vehicle assembly plant in Palmela is among the largest foreign direct investment projects in Portugal. Modern non-traditional technology-based industries, such as aerospace, biotechnology and information technology, have been developed in several locations across the country. Alverca, Covilhã, Évora, and Ponte de Sor are the main centres of the Portuguese aerospace industry, which is led by Brazil-based company Embraer and the Portuguese company OGMA. Following the turn of the 21st century, many major biotechnology and information technology industries have been founded, and are concentrated in the metropolitan areas of Lisbon, Porto, Braga, Coimbra and Aveiro.[citation needed]

Q1: What automotive brands exist in Portugal?
A1: Volkswagen Autoeuropa and Peugeot Citroen
Q2: What aerospace companies exist in Portugal?
A2: Embraer and OGMA
Q3: Where is Volkswagen Group's AutoEuropa assembly plant located?
A3: Palmela
Q4: What are the main centers for the Portuguese aerospace industries?
A4: Alverca, Covilhã, Évora, and Ponte de Sor
Q5: Where are the main centers of the biotech and IT industries located?
A5: Lisbon, Porto, Braga, Coimbra and Aveiro
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 (History)

IndyMac often made loans without verification of the borrower’s income or assets, and to borrowers with poor credit histories. Appraisals obtained by IndyMac on underlying collateral were often questionable as well. As an Alt-A lender, IndyMac’s business model was to offer loan products to fit the borrower’s needs, using an extensive array of risky option-adjustable-rate-mortgages (option ARMs), subprime loans, 80/20 loans, and other nontraditional products. Ultimately, loans were made to many borrowers who simply could not afford to make their payments. The thrift remained profitable only as long as it was able to sell those loans in the secondary mortgage market. IndyMac resisted efforts to regulate its involvement in those loans or tighten their issuing criteria: see the comment by Ruthann Melbourne, Chief Risk Officer, to the regulating agencies.

Q1: IndyMac often made loans without verifying what?
A1: the borrower’s income
Q2: What was questionable on IndyMac's underlying collateral?
A2: Appraisals
Q3: IndyMac gave loans to borrower's with what type credit histories?
A3: poor
Q4: IndyMac offered this type of questionable loans to borrowers?
A4: risky
Q5: IndyMac resisted efforts by regulators to tighten this criteria of their loans?
A5: issuing criteria
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 (History)

IndyMac reported that during April 2008, Moody's and Standard & Poor's downgraded the ratings on a significant number of Mortgage-backed security (MBS) bonds including $160 million of those issued by IndyMac and which the bank retained in its MBS portfolio. IndyMac concluded that these downgrades would have negatively impacted the Company's risk-based capital ratio as of June 30, 2008. Had these lowered ratings been in effect at March 31, 2008, IndyMac concluded that the bank's capital ratio would have been 9.27% total risk-based. IndyMac warned that if its regulators found its capital position to have fallen below "well capitalized" (minimum 10% risk-based capital ratio) to "adequately capitalized" (8–10% risk-based capital ratio) the bank might no longer be able to use brokered deposits as a source of funds.

Q1: When did Moody's and Standard & Poor downgrade a significant number of IndyMac's MBS bonds?
A1: April 2008
Q2: What was the value of IndyMac's MBS bonds retained in its MBS portfolio that were downgraded in April 2008?
A2: $160 million
Q3: What was one of the agencies that downgraded a significant number of IndyMac's MBS bonds in April 2008?
A3: Moody's
Q4: If IndyMac's downgraded MBS bond ratings had been in effect at March 31, 2008, what would the bank's capital ratio have been?
A4: 9.27%
Q5: What is a well capitalized ratio?
A5: minimum 10% risk-based
Memory (Social sciences and society)

Infants do not have the language ability to report on their memories and so verbal reports cannot be used to assess very young children’s memory. Throughout the years, however, researchers have adapted and developed a number of measures for assessing both infants’ recognition memory and their recall memory. Habituation and operant conditioning techniques have been used to assess infants’ recognition memory and the deferred and elicited imitation techniques have been used to assess infants’ recall memory.

Q1: Why do infants and young childrens memories need to be assesed differently?
A1: do not have the language ability to report on their memories
Q2: Can researchers study an infants or young childs memories?
A2: , researchers have adapted and developed a number of measures for assessing both infants’ recognition memory and their recall memory.
Q3: How can a researcher study a childs memory?
A3: elicited imitation techniques
Infection (Natural sciences)

Infection begins when an organism successfully enters the body, grows and multiplies. This is referred to as colonization. Most humans are not easily infected. Those who are weak, sick, malnourished, have cancer or are diabetic have increased susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections. Individuals who have a suppressed immune system are particularly susceptible to opportunistic infections. Entrance to the host at host-pathogen interface, generally occurs through the mucosa in orifices like the oral cavity, nose, eyes, genitalia, anus, or the microbe can enter through open wounds. While a few organisms can grow at the initial site of entry, many migrate and cause systemic infection in different organs. Some pathogens grow within the host cells (intracellular) whereas others grow freely in bodily fluids.

Q1: When does infection begin?
A1: when an organism successfully enters the body, grows and multiplies.
Q2: What group is not easily infected?
A2: humans
Q3: What group of humans have increased susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections?
A3: weak, sick, malnourished, have cancer or are diabetic
Q4: What individuals are particularly susceptible to opportunistic infections?
A4: Individuals who have a suppressed immune system
Q5: What is it called when a pathogen grows within the host cells?
A5: intracellular
Infection (Natural sciences)

Infectious diseases are sometimes called contagious disease when they are easily transmitted by contact with an ill person or their secretions (e.g., influenza). Thus, a contagious disease is a subset of infectious disease that is especially infective or easily transmitted. Other types of infectious/transmissible/communicable diseases with more specialized routes of infection, such as vector transmission or sexual transmission, are usually not regarded as "contagious", and often do not require medical isolation (sometimes loosely called quarantine) of victims. However, this specialized connotation of the word "contagious" and "contagious disease" (easy transmissibility) is not always respected in popular use.

Q1: When are infectious diseases called contagious diseases? 
A1: when they are easily transmitted by contact with an ill person
Q2: What is a contagious disease a subset of?
A2: infectious disease
Q3: What sets a contagious disease after from a standard infectious disease?
A3: especially infective or easily transmitted
Q4: Diseases with vector transmission or sexual transmission don't often require what type of isolation?
A4: medical
Q5: What is not always respected in popular use?
A5: specialized connotation of the word "contagious"
Diarrhea (Natural sciences)

Inflammatory diarrhea occurs when there is damage to the mucosal lining or brush border, which leads to a passive loss of protein-rich fluids and a decreased ability to absorb these lost fluids. Features of all three of the other types of diarrhea[clarification needed] can be found in this type of diarrhea. It can be caused by bacterial infections, viral infections, parasitic infections, or autoimmune problems such as inflammatory bowel diseases. It can also be caused by tuberculosis, colon cancer, and enteritis.[citation needed]

Q1: When does inflammatory diarrhea occur?
A1: when there is damage to the mucosal lining or brush border
Q2: What happens with inflammatory diarrhea?
A2: a passive loss of protein-rich fluids and a decreased ability to absorb these lost fluids
Q3: What can cause inflammatory diarrhea?
A3: bacterial infections, viral infections, parasitic infections, or autoimmune problems
Q4: What other causes are there for inflammatory diarrhea?
A4: tuberculosis, colon cancer, and enteritis.
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Influences also came to her from the art world, most notably through the works of Mexican artist Frida Kahlo. The music video of the song "Bedtime Story" featured images inspired by the paintings of Kahlo and Remedios Varo. Madonna is also a collector of Tamara de Lempicka's Art Deco paintings and has included them in her music videos and tours. Her video for "Hollywood" (2003) was an homage to the work of photographer Guy Bourdin; Bourdin's son subsequently filed a lawsuit for unauthorised use of his father's work. Pop artist Andy Warhol's use of sadomasochistic imagery in his underground films were reflected in the music videos for "Erotica" and "Deeper and Deeper".

Q1: Whose art influence Madonna?
A1: Frida Kahlo
Q2: Which video featured art from Kahlo and Remedios Varo?
A2: Bedtime Story
Q3: Madonna collects whose painting?
A3: Tamara de Lempicka
Q4: Her video Hollywood was a homage to which photographer?
A4: Guy Bourdin
House_music (Music)

Influential gospel/R&B-influenced Aly-us released "Time Passes On" in 1993 (Strictly Rhythm), then later, "Follow Me" which received radio airplay as well as being played in clubs. Another U.S. hit which received radio play was the single "Time for the Perculator" by Cajmere, which became the prototype of ghetto house subgenre. Cajmere started the Cajual and Relief labels (amongst others). By the early 1990s artists such as Cajmere himself (under that name as well as Green Velvet and as producer for Dajae), DJ Sneak, Glenn Underground and others did many recordings. The 1990s saw new Chicago house artists emerge such as DJ Funk, who operates a Chicago house record label called Dance Mania. Ghetto house and acid house were other house music styles that were also started in Chicago.

Q1: What gospel/R&B-influenced group released "Time Passes On" in 1993?
A1: Aly-us
Q2: who released the hit single "time for the perculator" in the us?
A2: Cajmere
Q3: what was cajmere's alternate name?
A3: Green Velvet
Q4: what was the name of the label operated by dj funk in chicago?
A4: Dance Mania
Q5: what was the prototype of ghetto house?
A5: "Time for the Perculator" by Cajmere
Education (Philosophy and religion)

Informal learning is one of three forms of learning defined by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Informal learning occurs in a variety of places, such as at home, work, and through daily interactions and shared relationships among members of society. For many learners this includes language acquisition, cultural norms and manners. Informal learning for young people is an ongoing process that also occurs in a variety of places, such as out of school time, in youth programs at community centers and media labs.

Q1: Who defines informal learning?
A1: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
Q2: Where does informal learning occur?
A2: home, work, and through daily interactions
Q3: What does informal leaning usually consist of amongst people who take this route of learning?
A3: language acquisition, cultural norms and manners
Education (Philosophy and religion)

Informal learning usually takes place outside educational establishments, does not follow a specified curriculum and may originate accidentally, sporadically, in association with certain occasions, from changing practical requirements. It is not necessarily planned to be pedagogically conscious, systematic and according to subjects, but rather unconsciously incidental, holistically problem-related, and related to situation management and fitness for life. It is experienced directly in its "natural" function of everyday life and is often spontaneous.

Q1: Where does informal learning usually take place?
A1: outside educational establishments
Q2: What is not necessary for informal learning?
A2: to be pedagogically conscious, systematic and according to subjects
Q3: What falls under the informal learning umbrella?
A3: unconsciously incidental, holistically problem-related, and related to situation management
Wayback_Machine (Engineering and technology)

Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers and scientists to tap into the clunky database. When the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley.

Q1: What medium was originally used to keep Internet Archive's data?
A1: digital tape
Q2: Who were sometimes permitted to use the Archive's database?
A2: researchers and scientists
Q3: At what milestone was the archive made public?
A3: fifth anniversary
Q4: Where was the event launching the publicly-available archive held?
A4: University of California, Berkeley
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

Information of the oldest teachings may be obtained by analysis of the oldest texts. One method to obtain information on the oldest core of Buddhism is to compare the oldest extant versions of the Theravadin Pali Canon and other texts.[note 27] The reliability of these sources, and the possibility to draw out a core of oldest teachings, is a matter of dispute.[page needed][page needed][page needed][page needed] According to Vetter, inconsistencies remain, and other methods must be applied to resolve those inconsistencies.[note 28]

Q1: What is in dispute regarding the research into the core of the teachings?
A1: The reliability
Web_browser (Engineering and technology)

Information resources may contain hyperlinks to other information resources. Each link contains the URI of a resource to go to. When a link is clicked, the browser navigates to the resource indicated by the link's target URI, and the process of bringing content to the user begins again.

Q1: What can resources have to connect to other resources?
A1: hyperlinks
Canadian_football (Sports and recreation)

Infractions of the rules are punished with penalties, typically a loss of yardage of 5, 10 or 15 yards against the penalized team. Minor violations such as offside (a player from either side encroaching into scrimmage zone before the play starts) are penalized five yards, more serious penalties (such as holding) are penalized 10 yards, and severe violations of the rules (such as face-masking) are typically penalized 15 yards. Depending on the penalty, the penalty yardage may be assessed from the original line of scrimmage, from where the violation occurred (for example, for a pass interference infraction), or from where the ball ended after the play. Penalties on the offence may, or may not, result in a loss of down; penalties on the defence may result in a first down being automatically awarded to the offence. For particularly severe conduct, the game official(s) may eject players (ejected players may be substituted for), or in exceptional cases, declare the game over and award victory to one side or the other. Penalties do not affect the yard line which the offence must reach to gain a first down (unless the penalty results in a first down being awarded); if a penalty against the defence results in the first down yardage being attained, then the offence is awarded a first down.

Q1: What is the usual penalty when the rules of play are violated?
A1: loss of yardage
Q2: How many yards does a team lose when they commit a minor penalty?
A2: five
Q3: How many yards does a team lose for face-masking?
A3: 15
Q4: What other than yardage is sometimes awarded the offence on a defensive penalty?
A4: first down
Infrared (Natural sciences)

Infrared cleaning is a technique used by some Motion picture film scanner, film scanners and flatbed scanners to reduce or remove the effect of dust and scratches upon the finished scan. It works by collecting an additional infrared channel from the scan at the same position and resolution as the three visible color channels (red, green, and blue). The infrared channel, in combination with the other channels, is used to detect the location of scratches and dust. Once located, those defects can be corrected by scaling or replaced by inpainting.

Q1: What is the name of the technique used in scanners to minimize the effects of dust and scratches?
A1: Infrared cleaning
Q2: Along with red and blue, what is the third visible color channel?
A2: green
Q3: Along with replacement via inpainting, what procedure is used in infrared cleaning to remove the effect of scratches and dust?
A3: scaling
Q4: Along with the visible light channels, what channel is used to locate scratches and dust in scanners?
A4: infrared