LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System (Engineering and technology)

The first BeiDou system, officially called the BeiDou Satellite Navigation Experimental System (simplified Chinese: 北斗卫星导航试验系统; traditional Chinese: 北斗衛星導航試驗系統; pinyin: Běidǒu wèixīng dǎoháng shìyàn xìtǒng) and also known as BeiDou-1, consists of three satellites and offers limited coverage and applications. It has been offering navigation services, mainly for customers in China and neighboring regions, since 2000.

Q1: What was the first BeiDou system called?
A1: the BeiDou Satellite Navigation Experimental System
Q2: Who does the BeiDou-1 operate for?
A2: mainly for customers in China and neighboring regions
Q3: What is another name for the BeiDou Satellite Navigation Experimental System?
A3: BeiDou-1
Q4: How many satellites does the BeiDou-1 have?
A4: three
Q5: How long has the BeiDou-1 been operating?
A5: since 2000
Alps (Geography and places)

The first British Mont Blanc ascent was in 1788; the first female ascent in 1819. By the mid-1850s Swiss mountaineers had ascended most of the peaks and were eagerly sought as mountain guides. Edward Whymper reached the top of the Matterhorn in 1865 (after seven attempts), and in 1938 the last of the six great north faces of the Alps was climbed with the first ascent of the Eiger Nordwand (north face of the Eiger).

Q1: When was the first British Mont Blanc ascent? 
A1: 1788
Q2: When was the first female ascent on Mont Blanc?
A2: 1819
Q3: When had Swiss mountaineers ascended most of the peaks? 
A3: the mid-1850s
Q4: What year did Edward Whymper reach the top of the Matterhorn?
A4: 1865
Q5: When were the last of the six great north faces of the Alps climbed? 
A5: 1938
Asphalt (Natural sciences)

The first British patent for the use of asphalt/bitumen was 'Cassell's patent asphalte or bitumen' in 1834. Then on 25 November 1837, Richard Tappin Claridge patented the use of Seyssel asphalt (patent #7849), for use in asphalte pavement, having seen it employed in France and Belgium when visiting with Frederick Walter Simms, who worked with him on the introduction of asphalt to Britain. Dr T. Lamb Phipson writes that his father, Samuel Ryland Phipson, a friend of Claridge, was also "instrumental in introducing the asphalte pavement (in 1836)". Indeed, mastic pavements had been previously employed at Vauxhall by a competitor of Claridge, but without success.

Q1: When was the first British patent for the use of bitumen?
A1: 1834
Q2: When did Richard Tappin Claridge patent asphalt for use in pavement?
A2: 25 November 1837
Q3: Where had Claridge previously seen asphalt used as pavement?
A3: France and Belgium
Q4: What type of pavement techniques had already been tried by a competitor of Claridge?
A4: mastic
Q5: What friend of Claridge's was helpful in introducing asphalt for use in pavements?
A5: Samuel Ryland Phipson
Tennessee (Geography and places)

The first British settlement in what is now Tennessee was built in 1756 by settlers from the colony of South Carolina at Fort Loudoun, near present-day Vonore. Fort Loudoun became the westernmost British outpost to that date. The fort was designed by John William Gerard de Brahm and constructed by forces under British Captain Raymond Demeré. After its completion, Captain Raymond Demeré relinquished command on August 14, 1757 to his brother, Captain Paul Demeré. Hostilities erupted between the British and the neighboring Overhill Cherokees, and a siege of Fort Loudoun ended with its surrender on August 7, 1760. The following morning, Captain Paul Demeré and a number of his men were killed in an ambush nearby, and most of the rest of the garrison was taken prisoner.

Q1: In which year did the British first settle in what would become Tennessee?
A1: 1756
Q2: What was the name of the first British settlement in what is now Tennessee?
A2: Fort Loudoun
Q3: Which British officer oversaw the construction of Fort Loudoun?
A3: Captain Raymond Demeré
Q4: Which Cherokee faction forced the surrender of Fort Loudoun in 1760?
A4: Overhill Cherokees
Q5: Which British commanding officer was killed the day after Cherokee took Fort Loudon in 1760?
A5: Captain Paul Demeré
Canon_law (Philosophy and religion)

The first Code of Canon Law, 1917, was mostly for the Roman Rite, with limited application to the Eastern Churches. After the Second Vatican Council, (1962 - 1965), another edition was published specifically for the Roman Rite in 1983. Most recently, 1990, the Vatican produced the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches which became the 1st code of Eastern Catholic Canon Law.

Q1: When was the original Code of Canon Law published?
A1: 1917
Q2: For which part of the Roman Catholic Church was the first Code published?
A2: the Roman Rite
Q3: During what years was the Second Vatican Council held?
A3: 1962 - 1965
Q4: For whom was a new edition of canon law released in 1983?
A4: the Roman Rite
Q5: When was the first Code produced for Eastern Churches?
A5: 1990
North_Carolina (Geography and places)

The first Confederate soldier to be killed in the Civil War was Private Henry Wyatt from North Carolina, in the Battle of Big Bethel in June 1861. At the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863, the 26th North Carolina Regiment participated in Pickett/Pettigrew's Charge and advanced the farthest into the Northern lines of any Confederate regiment. During the Battle of Chickamauga, the 58th North Carolina Regiment advanced farther than any other regiment on Snodgrass Hill to push back the remaining Union forces from the battlefield. At Appomattox Court House in Virginia in April 1865, the 75th North Carolina Regiment, a cavalry unit, fired the last shots of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the Civil War. For many years, North Carolinians proudly boasted that they had been "First at Bethel, Farthest at Gettysburg and Chickamauga, and Last at Appomattox."

Q1: Who was the first confederate soldier to be killed in the civil war?
A1: Private Henry Wyatt
Q2: Where was henry Wyatt from?
A2: North Carolina
Q3: What battle did Private Henry Wyatt die in?
A3: in the Battle of Big Bethel
Q4: When did Henry Wyatt die?
A4: June 1861
Q5: When was the battle of Gettysburg?
A5: July 1863
Digimon (Video games)

The first Digimon anime introduced the Digimon life cycle: They age in a similar fashion to real organisms, but do not die under normal circumstances because they are made of reconfigurable data, which can be seen throughout the show. Any Digimon that receives a fatal wound will dissolve into infinitesimal bits of data. The data then recomposes itself as a Digi-Egg, which will hatch when rubbed gently, and the Digimon goes through its life cycle again. Digimon who are reincarnated in this way will sometimes retain some or all their memories of their previous life. However, if a Digimon's data is completely destroyed, they will die.

Q1: Are there any circumstances under which a digimon cannot be reborn?
A1: if a Digimon's data is completely destroyed, they will die
Q2: What typically happens when digimon are killed?
A2: Any Digimon that receives a fatal wound will dissolve into infinitesimal bits of data
Q3: What are digimon made of?
A3: reconfigurable data
Q4: How is a digimon reborn?
A4: The data then recomposes itself as a Digi-Egg, which will hatch when rubbed gently
Q5: When was the digimon life cycle first described?
A5: The first Digimon anime
Q6: What was introduced during the first Digimon anime?
A6: Digimon life cycle
Q7: What happened to a digimon that receives a fatal wound?
A7: dissolve into infinitesimal bits of data
Q8: What happens to a digimon after it dissolves?
A8: goes through its life cycle again
Q9: What happens if a Digimons data is completely destroyed?
A9: they will die
Digimon (Video games)

The first Digimon television series, which began airing on March 7, 1999 in Japan on Fuji TV and Kids Station and on August 14, 1999 in the United States on Fox Kids dubbed by Saban Entertainment for the North American English version. Its premise is a group of 7 kids who, while at summer camp, travel to the Digital World, inhabited by creatures known as Digital Monsters, or Digimon, learning they are chosen to be "DigiDestined" ("Chosen Children" in the Japanese version) to save both the Digital and Real World from evil. Each Kid was given a Digivice which selected them to be transported to the DigiWorld and was destined to be paired up with a Digimon Partner, such as Tai being paired up with Agumon and Matt with Gabumon. The children are helped by a mysterious man/digimon named Gennai, who helps them via hologram. The Digivices help their Digimon allies to Digivolve into stronger creatures in times of peril. The Digimon usually reached higher forms when their human partners are placed in dangerous situations, such as fighting the evil forces of Devimon, Etemon and Myotismon in their Champion forms. Later, each character discovered a crest that each belonged to a person; Tai the Crest of Courage, Matt the Crest of Friendship, Sora the Crest of Love, Izzy the Crest of Knowledge, Mimi the Crest of Sincerity, Joe the Crest of Reliability, T.K. the Crest of Hope, and later Kari the Crest of Light which allowed their Digimon to digivolve into their Ultimate forms. The group consisted of seven original characters: Taichi "Tai" Kamiya, Yamato "Matt" Ishida, Sora Takenouchi, Koushiro "Izzy" Izumi, Mimi Tachikawa, Joe Kido, and Takeru "T.K." Takaishi. Later on in the series, an eighth character was introduced: Hikari "Kari" Kamiya (who is Taichi's younger sister).

Q1: When did the first digimon series begin airing in japan?
A1: March 7, 1999 in Japan
Q2: When did Digimon begin airing in America?
A2: August 14, 1999
Q3: What was the premise of Digimon?
A3: travel to the Digital World
Q4: How many people are in the original Digimon?
A4: seven original characters
Dominican_Order (Philosophy and religion)

The first Dominican site in England was at Oxford, in the parishes of St. Edward and St. Adelaide. The friars built an oratory to the Blessed Virgin Mary and by 1265, the brethren, in keeping with their devotion to study, began erecting a school. Actually, the Dominican brothers likely began a school immediately after their arrival, as priories were legally schools. Information about the schools of the English Province is limited, but a few facts are known. Much of the information available is taken from visitation records. The "visitation" was a section of the province through which visitors to each priory could describe the state of its religious life and its studies to the next chapter. There were four such visits in England and Wales—Oxford, London, Cambridge and York. All Dominican students were required to learn grammar, old and new logic, natural philosophy and theology. Of all of the curricular areas, however, theology was the most important. This is not surprising when one remembers Dominic's zeal for it.

Q1: What famous school was home to the first English Dominican Order?
A1: Oxford
Q2: Who did the friars build an oratory in honor of?
A2: the Blessed Virgin Mary
Q3: What was a subject that all Dominican students had to learn?
A3: natural philosophy
Q4: What was the most important subject for Dominican students?
A4: theology
Q5: By what year was the school in Oxford completed?
A5: 1265
Age_of_Enlightenment (Philosophy and religion)

The first English coffeehouse opened in Oxford in 1650. Brian Cowan said that Oxford coffeehouses developed into "penny universities", offering a locus of learning that was less formal than structured institutions. These penny universities occupied a significant position in Oxford academic life, as they were frequented by those consequently referred to as the "virtuosi", who conducted their research on some of the resulting premises. According to Cowan, "the coffeehouse was a place for like-minded scholars to congregate, to read, as well as learn from and to debate with each other, but was emphatically not a university institution, and the discourse there was of a far different order than any university tutorial."

Q1: Where did the first English coffeehouse open in 1650?
A1: Oxford
Q2: According to Brian Cowan, was learning more or less formal in coffehouses as opposed to private institutions?
A2: less
Q3: What term did Brian Cowan give Oxford coffeehouses?
A3: penny universities
Guam (Geography and places)

The first European to discover Guam was Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan, sailing for the King of Spain, when he sighted the island on March 6, 1521 during his fleet's circumnavigation of the globe.:41–42 When Magellan arrived on Guam, he was greeted by hundreds of small outrigger canoes that appeared to be flying over the water, due to their considerable speed. These outrigger canoes were called Proas, and resulted in Magellan naming Guam Islas de las Velas Latinas ("Islands of the Lateen sails"). Antonio Pigafetta, one of Magellan's original 18 the name "Island of Sails", but he also writes that the inhabitants "entered the ships and stole whatever they could lay their hands on", including "the small boat that was fastened to the poop of the flagship.":129 "Those people are poor, but ingenious and very thievish, on account of which we called those three islands Islas de los Ladrones ("Islands of thieves").":131

Q1: What was the nationality of Magellan?
A1: Portuguese
Q2: What year did Magellan locate the island of Guam?
A2: 1521
Q3: What were the name of outrigger canoes?
A3: Proas
San_Diego (Geography and places)

The first European to visit the region was Portuguese-born explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo sailing under the flag of Castile. Sailing his flagship San Salvador from Navidad, New Spain, Cabrillo claimed the bay for the Spanish Empire in 1542, and named the site 'San Miguel'. In November 1602, Sebastián Vizcaíno was sent to map the California coast. Arriving on his flagship San Diego, Vizcaíno surveyed the harbor and what are now Mission Bay and Point Loma and named the area for the Catholic Saint Didacus, a Spaniard more commonly known as San Diego de Alcalá. On November 12, 1602, the first Christian religious service of record in Alta California was conducted by Friar Antonio de la Ascensión, a member of Vizcaíno's expedition, to celebrate the feast day of San Diego.

Q1: Who was sent to survey the California coast in 1602?
A1: Sebastián Vizcaíno
Q2: What was the name of Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo's ship?
A2: San Salvador
Q3: Who was the harbor named for?
A3: Catholic Saint Didacus
Q4: Who conducted the first Christian service to be recorded in Alta?
A4: Friar Antonio de la Ascensión
Q5: Where did Cabrillo leave from to embark on his journey to the West Coast?
A5: Navidad, New Spain
Namibia (Social sciences and society)

The first Europeans to disembark and explore the region were the Portuguese navigators Diogo Cão in 1485 and Bartolomeu Dias in 1486; still the region was not claimed by the Portuguese crown. However, like most of Sub-Saharan Africa, Namibia was not extensively explored by Europeans until the 19th century, when traders and settlers arrived, principally from Germany and Sweden. In the late 19th century Dorsland trekkers crossed the area on their way from the Transvaal to Angola. Some of them settled in Namibia instead of continuing their journey.

Q1: When did Bartolomeu Dias explore Namibia? 
A1: 1486
Q2: What nationality were the first navigators to explore Namibia come from? 
A2: Portuguese
Q3: When did Diogo Cao explore Namibia?
A3: 1485
Q4: Along with Swedish settlers, what other country's settlers inhabited in Namibia first?
A4: Germany
Q5: Settlers on their way to Angola settled in Namibia instead of going where?
A5: Angola
Freemasonry (Unknown)

The first Grand Lodge, the Grand Lodge of London and Westminster (later called the Grand Lodge of England (GLE)), was founded on 24 June 1717, when four existing London Lodges met for a joint dinner. Many English Lodges joined the new regulatory body, which itself entered a period of self-publicity and expansion. However, many Lodges could not endorse changes which some Lodges of the GLE made to the ritual (they came to be known as the Moderns), and a few of these formed a rival Grand Lodge on 17 July 1751, which they called the "Antient Grand Lodge of England." These two Grand Lodges vied for supremacy until the Moderns promised to return to the ancient ritual. They united on 27 December 1813 to form the United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE).

Q1: The Grand Lodge of England is also know as what?
A1: GLE
Q2: When was the Grand Lodge of England founded?
A2: 24 June 1717
Q3: The Ancient Grand Lodge of England was formed on what date?
A3: 17 July 1751
Q4: The United Grand Lodge of England was formed on what date?
A4: 27 December 1813
Q5: Lodges that could not endorse the GLE were later called what?
A5: the Moderns
High-definition_television (Engineering and technology)

The first HDTV transmissions in Europe, albeit not direct-to-home, began in 1990, when the Italian broadcaster RAI used the HD-MAC and MUSE HDTV technologies to broadcast the 1990 FIFA World Cup. The matches were shown in 8 cinemas in Italy and 2 in Spain. The connection with Spain was made via the Olympus satellite link from Rome to Barcelona and then with a fiber optic connection from Barcelona to Madrid. After some HDTV transmissions in Europe the standard was abandoned in the mid-1990s.

Q1: When did the first HDTV transmissions happen in Europe?
A1: 1990
Q2: What event was the first HDTV broadcast in Europe?
A2: FIFA World Cup
Q3: When did Europe abandon standard transmission?
A3: mid-1990s
Q4: Where was the FIFA World Cup able to be watched in HDTV?
A4: 8 cinemas in Italy and 2 in Spain
Modern_history (Philosophy and religion)

The first Industrial Revolution merged into the Second Industrial Revolution around 1850, when technological and economic progress gained momentum with the development of steam-powered ships and railways, and later in the 19th century with the internal combustion engine and electric power generation. The Second Industrial Revolution was a phase of the Industrial Revolution; labeled as the separate Technical Revolution. From a technological and a social point of view there is no clean break between the two. Major innovations during the period occurred in the chemical, electrical, petroleum, and steel industries. Specific advancements included the introduction of oil fired steam turbine and internal combustion driven steel ships, the development of the airplane, the practical commercialization of the automobile, mass production of consumer goods, the perfection of canning, mechanical refrigeration and other food preservation techniques, and the invention of the telephone.

Q1: When did the first industrial revolution merge into the second? 
A1: around 1850
Q2: What caused technological and economical progress?
A2: development of steam-powered ships and railways
Q3: The 19th century was also known as? 
A3: the internal combustion engine and electric power generation.
Q4: What was the second industrial revolution was labeled?
A4: separate Technical Revolution
Richmond,_Virginia (Geography and places)

The first Jewish congregation in Richmond was Kahal Kadosh Beth Shalom. Kahal Kadosh Beth Shalom was the sixth congregation in the United States. By 1822 K.K. Beth Shalom members worshipped in the first synagogue building in Virginia. They eventually merged with Congregation Beth Ahabah, an offshoot of Beth Shalom. There are two Orthodox Synagogues, Keneseth Beth Israel and Chabad of Virginia. There is an Orthodox Yeshivah K–12 school system known as Rudlin Torah academy, which also includes a post high-school program. There are two Conservative synagogues, Beth El and Or Atid. There are three Reform synagogues, Bonay Kodesh, Beth Ahabah and Or Ami. Along with such religious congregations, there are a variety of other Jewish charitable, educational and social service institutions, each serving the Jewish and general communities. These include the Weinstein Jewish Community Center, Jewish Family Services, Jewish Community Federation of Richmond and Richmond Jewish Foundation.

Q1: Along with Chabad of Virginia, what is the other Orthodox synagogue in Richmond?
A1: Keneseth Beth Israel
Q2: What grades does the Rudlin Torah academy serve?
A2: K–12
Q3: What sect of Judaism is Rudlin Torah affiliated with?
A3: Orthodox
Q4: What are the names of the Conservative synagogues in Richmond?
A4: Beth El and Or Atid
Q5: How many synagogues in the Reform tradition are present in Richmond?
A5: three
Madrasa (Language and literature)

The first Madressa established in North America, Al-Rashid Islamic Institute, was established in Cornwall, Ontario in 1983 and has graduates who are Hafiz (Quran) and Ulama. The seminary was established by Mazhar Alam under the direction of his teacher the leading Indian Tablighi scholar Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi and focuses on the traditional Hanafi school of thought and shuns Salafist / Wahabi teachings. Due to its proximity to the US border city of Messina the school has historically had a high ratio of US students. Their most prominent graduate Shaykh Muhammad Alshareef completed his Hifz in the early 1990s then went on to deviate from his traditional roots and form the Salafist organization the AlMaghrib Institute.

Q1: When was the first madrasa started in North America?
A1: 1983
Q2: What country has many students that attend Al-Rashid Islamic Institute?
A2: US
Q3: Where is Al-Rashid Islamic Institute?
A3: Cornwall, Ontario
Q4: What organization did Shaykh Muhammad Alsahareef start?
A4: AlMaghrib Institute
Printed_circuit_board (Engineering and technology)

The first PCBs used through-hole technology, mounting electronic components by leads inserted through holes on one side of the board and soldered onto copper traces on the other side. Boards may be single-sided, with an unplated component side, or more compact double-sided boards, with components soldered on both sides. Horizontal installation of through-hole parts with two axial leads (such as resistors, capacitors, and diodes) is done by bending the leads 90 degrees in the same direction, inserting the part in the board (often bending leads located on the back of the board in opposite directions to improve the part's mechanical strength), soldering the leads, and trimming off the ends. Leads may be soldered either manually or by a wave soldering machine.

Q1: If a lead wasn't soldered manually, what device was used?
A1: wave soldering machine
Q2: Which type of PCB construction technique was used first?
A2: through-hole
Q3: In through-hole construction, what are the leads on the front attached to on the back?
A3: copper traces
Q4: For boards with two sides, to what angle are leads bent to in order to install them horizontally?
A4: 90 degrees
Q5: What is improved by bending leads in opposite directions on the back of double-sided PCBs?
A5: mechanical strength
European_Central_Bank (Geography and places)

The first President of the Bank was Wim Duisenberg, the former president of the Dutch central bank and the European Monetary Institute. While Duisenberg had been the head of the EMI (taking over from Alexandre Lamfalussy of Belgium) just before the ECB came into existence, the French government wanted Jean-Claude Trichet, former head of the French central bank, to be the ECB's first president. The French argued that since the ECB was to be located in Germany, its president should be French. This was opposed by the German, Dutch and Belgian governments who saw Duisenberg as a guarantor of a strong euro. Tensions were abated by a gentleman's agreement in which Duisenberg would stand down before the end of his mandate, to be replaced by Trichet.

Q1: Who was the first president of the ECB?
A1: Wim Duisenberg
Q2: What was Duisenberg's previous business experience?
A2: former president of the Dutch central bank and the European Monetary Institute
Q3: Who did the French government think was best candidate for President of the ECB?
A3: Jean-Claude Trichet
Q4: Why did the French want a French bank president?
A4: since the ECB was to be located in Germany, its president should be French
Q5: What did the French, German, Dutch and Belgian governments finally compromise on with regards to managing the ECB?
A5: Duisenberg would stand down before the end of his mandate, to be replaced by Trichet