LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Sexual_orientation (Natural sciences)

From at least the late nineteenth century in Europe, there was speculation that the range of human sexual response looked more like a continuum than two or three discrete categories. Berlin sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld published a scheme in 1896 that measured the strength of an individual's sexual desire on two independent 10-point scales, A (homosexual) and B (heterosexual). A heterosexual individual may be A0, B5; a homosexual individual may be A5, B0; an asexual would be A0, B0; and someone with an intense attraction to both sexes would be A9, B9.

Q1: Who was the sexologist that published a scheme in 1896?
A1: Magnus Hirschfeld
Q2: What did the published scheme attempt to do?
A2: measured the strength of an individual's sexual desire
Q3: How did the scheme measure desire?
A3: on two independent 10-point scales
Q4: What were the two scales defined as?
A4: A (homosexual) and B (heterosexual)
Q5: How many points were on each scale?
A5: 10-point
Q6: When did the questioning of human sexual responses begin?
A6: From at least the late nineteenth century
Q7: Who created the ten point scale on a persons sexuals desire?
A7: Magnus Hirschfeld
Q8: What year did Magnus Hirschfeld create the ten point scale on a persons sexual desire. 
A8: 1896
Q9: On Magnus's ten point scale what would a homosexual person be considered?
A9: a homosexual individual may be A5, B0
Q10: On the ten point scale what would an asexual person be considered as?
A10: an asexual would be A0, B0
Muammar_Gaddafi (History)

From childhood, Gaddafi was aware of the involvement of European colonialists in Libya; his nation was occupied by Italy, and during the North African Campaign of World War II it witnessed conflict between Italian and British troops. According to later claims, Gaddafi's paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911. At World War II's end in 1945, Libya was occupied by British and French forces. Although Britain and France intended on dividing the nation between their empires, the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) declared that the country be granted political independence. In 1951, the UN created the United Kingdom of Libya, a federal state under the leadership of a pro-western monarch, Idris, who banned political parties and established an absolute monarchy.

Q1: When did Libya become an independent nation?
A1: In 1951
Q2: When Libya first became an independent country, what form of government did it adopt?
A2: an absolute monarchy
Q3: What countries occupied Libya after World War II?
A3: British and French forces
Q4: Who was the first leader of Libya?
A4: a pro-western monarch, Idris
Q5: What World War I event directly impacted Gaddafi's family?
A5: Gaddafi's paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911
Q6: How did World War I directly impact Gaddafi's family?
A6: According to later claims, Gaddafi's paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911
Q7: What happened to Libya right after World War II?
A7: Libya was occupied by British and French forces
Q8: When was it announced that Libya would be independent?
A8: In 1951, the UN created the United Kingdom of Libya, a federal state under the leadership
Q9: What was the first type of government that Libya had?
A9: a pro-western monarch, Idris, who banned political parties and established an absolute monarchy.
Q10: What country occupied Libya during World War II?
A10: his nation was occupied by Italy
Q11: What nation controlled Libya as a colony when Gaddafi was a child?
A11: Italy
Q12: Who battled the Italians during the North African campaign?
A12: British
Q13: Who was Gaddafi's father's father?
A13: Abdessalam Bouminyar
Q14: During what year did the Italians invade Libya?
A14: 1911
Q15: Along with the British, who occupied Libya at the end of the Second World War?
A15: French
General_Electric (Engineering and technology)

From circa 1932 until 1977, General Electric polluted the Housatonic River with PCBs discharges from the General Electric plant at Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Aroclor 1254 and Aroclor 1260, made by Monsanto was the primary contaminant of the pollution. The highest concentrations of PCBs in the Housatonic River are found in Woods Pond in Lenox, Massachusetts, just south of Pittsfield, where they have been measured up to 110 mg/kg in the sediment. About 50% of all the PCBs currently in the river are estimated to be retained in the sediment behind Woods Pond dam. This is estimated to be about 11,000 pounds of PCBs. Former filled oxbows are also polluted. Waterfowl and fish who live in and around the river contain significant levels of PCBs and can present health risks if consumed.

Q1: Which river did GE pollute with PCBs from its plant in Pittsfield, MA?
A1: Housatonic River
Q2: What were the primary contaminants contained in the pollution discharged into the Housatonic River?
A2: Aroclor 1254 and Aroclor 1260
Q3: Which company produced the Aroctor 1254 and Aroctor 1260?
A3: Monsanto
Q4: How many pounds of PCBs are estimated to be retained in the sediment behind Woods Pond dam?
A4: 11,000
Q5: How high have the levels of PCBs in the sediments behind Woods Pond dam been measured at?
A5: 110 mg/kg
Richmond,_Virginia (Geography and places)

From earliest days, Virginia, and Richmond in particular, have welcomed live theatrical performances. From Lewis Hallam's early productions of Shakespeare in Williamsburg, the focus shifted to Richmond's antebellum prominence as a main colonial and early 19th century performance venue for such celebrated American and English actors as William Macready, Edwin Forrest, and the Booth family. In the 20th century, Richmonders' love of theater continued with many amateur troupes and regular touring professional productions. In the 1960s a small renaissance or golden age accompanied the growth of professional dinner theaters and the fostering of theater by the Virginia Museum, reaching a peak in the 1970s with the establishment of a resident Equity company at the Virginia Museum Theater (now the Leslie Cheek) and the birth of Theatre IV, a company that continues to this day.

Q1: In what city did Lewis Hallam present Shakespeare's plays?
A1: Williamsburg
Q2: What family of actors notably performed in 19th century Richmond?
A2: Booth
Q3: What is Virginia Museum Theater known as today?
A3: Leslie Cheek
Q4: During what decade did the Virginia Museum most significantly work to promote theater in Richmond?
A4: 1970s
Pacific_War (History)

From early 1944 until the days leading up to the invasion, Kuribayashi transformed the island into a massive network of bunkers, hidden guns, and 11 mi (18 km) of underground tunnels. The heavy American naval and air bombardment did little but drive the Japanese further underground, making their positions impervious to enemy fire. Their pillboxes and bunkers were all connected so that if one was knocked out, it could be reoccupied again. The network of bunkers and pillboxes greatly favored the defender.

Q1: How many miles of hidden tunnel were on the island?
A1: 11
Q2: Who transformed the island into a fortress?
A2: Kuribayashi
Q3: What were the pillboxes and bunkers connected by?
A3: underground tunnels
Q4: Who did the network of fortifications on the island favor?
A4: the defender
Hunting (Sports and recreation)

From early Christian times, hunting has been forbidden to Roman Catholic Church clerics. Thus the Corpus Juris Canonici (C. ii, X, De cleric. venat.) says, "We forbid to all servants of God hunting and expeditions through the woods with hounds; and we also forbid them to keep hawks or falcons." The Fourth Council of the Lateran, held under Pope Innocent III, decreed (canon xv): "We interdict hunting or hawking to all clerics." The decree of the Council of Trent is worded more mildly: "Let clerics abstain from illicit hunting and hawking" (Sess. XXIV, De reform., c. xii), which seems to imply that not all hunting is illicit, and canonists generally make a distinction declaring noisy (clamorosa) hunting unlawful, but not quiet (quieta) hunting.

Q1: Who has hunting been forbidden to since early Christian times?
A1: Roman Catholic Church clerics
Q2: Who forbid to all servants of God hunting?
A2: Corpus Juris Canonici
Q3: What pope was the Fourth Council of the Lateran held under?
A3: Pope Innocent III
Q4: What does the decree of the Council of Trent imply?
A4: not all hunting is illicit
Q5: What type of hunting is unlawful?
A5: clamorosa
Q6: Who was forbidden to hunt in early Christian time?
A6: Roman Catholic Church clerics
Q7: What forbid hunting in the woods with hounds and keeping hawks or falcons?
A7: Corpus Juris Canonici
Q8: Who held the Fourth Council of the Lateran?
A8: Pope Innocent III
Q9: How is the the decree of the Council of Trent is worded?
A9: mildly
Q10: Who stated quiet hunting is allowed?
A10: Council of Trent
ASCII (Engineering and technology)

From early in its development, ASCII was intended to be just one of several national variants of an international character code standard, ultimately published as ISO/IEC 646 (1972), which would share most characters in common but assign other locally useful characters to several code points reserved for "national use." However, the four years that elapsed between the publication of ASCII-1963 and ISO's first acceptance of an international recommendation during 1967 caused ASCII's choices for the national use characters to seem to be de facto standards for the world, causing confusion and incompatibility once other countries did begin to make their own assignments to these code points.

Q1: When was ISO/IEC 646 published?
A1: 1972
Q2: What was ASCII inteded to be?
A2: one of several national variants of an international character code standard
Q3: When was ISO's first acceptance of an international recommendation?
A3: 1967
Q4: What was causing the confusion and incompatibility of the code points?
A4: ASCII's choices for the national use characters to seem to be de facto standards for the world
Pope_Paul_VI (Philosophy and religion)

From his bed he participated in Sunday Mass at 18:00. After communion, the pope suffered a massive heart attack, after which he continued to live for three hours. On 6 August 1978 at 21:41 Paul VI died in Castel Gandolfo. According to his will, he was buried in the grottos of the Vatican not in an ornate tomb, but in a grave in the ground. He is buried beneath the floor of Saint Peter's Basilica with other popes. In his will, he requested to be buried in the "true earth" and therefore, he does not have an ornate sarcophagus but an in-ground grave.

Q1: How long did Paul VI live for after experiencing a massive heart attack in 1978?
A1: three hours
Q2: At what time did Paul VI die?
A2: 21:41
Q3: On what day did Paul VI die?
A3: 6 August
Q4: From where did Paul VI conduct mass on the day of his death?
A4: bed
Q5: What residence was the Paul VI staying in on the day of his death?
A5: Castel Gandolfo
Richard_Feynman (Mathematics)

From his diagrams of a small number of particles interacting in spacetime, Feynman could then model all of physics in terms of the spins of those particles and the range of coupling of the fundamental forces. Feynman attempted an explanation of the strong interactions governing nucleons scattering called the parton model. The parton model emerged as a complement to the quark model developed by his Caltech colleague Murray Gell-Mann. The relationship between the two models was murky; Gell-Mann referred to Feynman's partons derisively as "put-ons". In the mid-1960s, physicists believed that quarks were just a bookkeeping device for symmetry numbers, not real particles, as the statistics of the Omega-minus particle, if it were interpreted as three identical strange quarks bound together, seemed impossible if quarks were real. The Stanford linear accelerator deep inelastic scattering experiments of the late 1960s showed, analogously to Ernest Rutherford's experiment of scattering alpha particles on gold nuclei in 1911, that nucleons (protons and neutrons) contained point-like particles that scattered electrons. It was natural to identify these with quarks, but Feynman's parton model attempted to interpret the experimental data in a way that did not introduce additional hypotheses. For example, the data showed that some 45% of the energy momentum was carried by electrically-neutral particles in the nucleon. These electrically-neutral particles are now seen to be the gluons that carry the forces between the quarks and carry also the three-valued color quantum number that solves the Omega-minus problem. Feynman did not dispute the quark model; for example, when the fifth quark was discovered in 1977, Feynman immediately pointed out to his students that the discovery implied the existence of a sixth quark, which was discovered in the decade after his death.

Q1: What model did Murray Gell-Mann develop?
A1: quark model
Q2: What model did Feynman produce to complement the quark model?
A2: parton model
Q3: Quarks were thought of as what in the 1960s?
A3: not real particles
Q4: Which scientist experimented with blasting alpha particles at the nuclei of gold?
A4: Ernest Rutherford
Q5: After the fifth quark was discovered, Feynman said what had to also exist?
A5: sixth quark
Alexander_Graham_Bell (Engineering and technology)

From his early years, Bell showed a sensitive nature and a talent for art, poetry, and music that was encouraged by his mother. With no formal training, he mastered the piano and became the family's pianist. Despite being normally quiet and introspective, he reveled in mimicry and "voice tricks" akin to ventriloquism that continually entertained family guests during their occasional visits. Bell was also deeply affected by his mother's gradual deafness, (she began to lose her hearing when he was 12) and learned a manual finger language so he could sit at her side and tap out silently the conversations swirling around the family parlour. He also developed a technique of speaking in clear, modulated tones directly into his mother's forehead wherein she would hear him with reasonable clarity. Bell's preoccupation with his mother's deafness led him to study acoustics.

Q1: Bell was gifted at art, poetry, and what?
A1: music
Q2: What did Bell succeed at without being taught?
A2: piano
Q3: How old was Bell when his mom started to go deaf?
A3: 12
Q4: What part of his mom's head would Bell talk into?
A4: forehead
Q5: What did Bell research because of his mom's deafness?
A5: acoustics
Apollo (Philosophy and religion)

From his eastern origin Apollo brought the art of inspection of "symbols and omina" (σημεία και τέρατα : semeia kai terata), and of the observation of the omens of the days. The inspiration oracular-cult was probably introduced from Anatolia. The ritualism belonged to Apollo from the beginning. The Greeks created the legalism, the supervision of the orders of the gods, and the demand for moderation and harmony. Apollo became the god of shining youth, the protector of music, spiritual-life, moderation and perceptible order. The improvement of the old Anatolian god, and his elevation to an intellectual sphere, may be considered an achievement of the Greek people.

Q1: Who brought the art of inspection of "symbols and omina?"
A1: Apollo
Q2: The inspiration oracular-cult was probably introduced from where?
A2: Anatolia
Q3: Which group created the legalism, the supervision of the orders of the gods, and the demand for moderation and harmony?
A3: The Greeks
British_Empire (History)

From its base in India, the Company had also been engaged in an increasingly profitable opium export trade to China since the 1730s. This trade, illegal since it was outlawed by the Qing dynasty in 1729, helped reverse the trade imbalances resulting from the British imports of tea, which saw large outflows of silver from Britain to China. In 1839, the confiscation by the Chinese authorities at Canton of 20,000 chests of opium led Britain to attack China in the First Opium War, and resulted in the seizure by Britain of Hong Kong Island, at that time a minor settlement.

Q1: What illegal trade was the British East India Company involved in?
A1: opium
Q2: How many chests of opium did China confiscate in 1839?
A2: 20,000
Q3: The First Opium War led to Britain seizing what island?
A3: Hong Kong
Q4: Which dynasty outlawed opium trade?
A4: Qing
Q5: When did China outlaw opium trade?
A5: 1729
Neptune (Natural sciences)

From its discovery in 1846 until the subsequent discovery of Pluto in 1930, Neptune was the farthest known planet. When Pluto was discovered it was considered a planet, and Neptune thus became the penultimate known planet, except for a 20-year period between 1979 and 1999 when Pluto's elliptical orbit brought it closer to the Sun than Neptune. The discovery of the Kuiper belt in 1992 led many astronomers to debate whether Pluto should be considered a planet or as part of the Kuiper belt. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union defined the word "planet" for the first time, reclassifying Pluto as a "dwarf planet" and making Neptune once again the outermost known planet in the Solar System.

Q1: What was Neptune before Pluto was discovered? 
A1: farthest known planet
Q2: What period was Pluto closer to the sun than Neptune? 
A2: between 1979 and 1999
Q3: What discovery made astronomer's debate Pluto's status as a planet? 
A3: the Kuiper belt
Q4: What year did the International Astronomical Union define the word planet? 
A4: 2006
Q5: Now that Pluto isn't a planet, what is Neptune known for in our solar system? 
A5: the outermost known planet
Department_store (Social sciences and society)

From its origins in the fur trade, the Hudson's Bay Company is the oldest corporation in North America and was the largest department store operator in Canada until the mid-1980s, with locations across the country. It also previously owned Zellers, another major Canadian department store which ceased to exist in March 2013 after selling its lease holdings to Target Canada. Other department stores in Canada are: Canadian Tire, Sears Canada, Ogilvy, Les Ailes de la Mode, Giant Tiger, Co-op, Costco and Holt Renfrew. Grocery giant Superstores carry many non-grocery items akin to a department store. Woolco had 160 stores in Canada when operations ceased (Walmart bought out Woolco in 1994). Today low-price Walmart is by far the most dominant department store retailer in Canada with outlets throughout the country. Historically, department stores were a significant component in Canadian economic life, and chain stores such as Eaton's, Charles Ogilvy Limited, Freiman's, Spencer's, Simpsons, Morgan's, and Woodward's were staples in their respective communities. Department stores in Canada are similar in design and style to department stores in the United States.

Q1: What business was the Hudson's Bay Company originally involved in? 
A1: the fur trade
Q2: What department store chain did Hudson's Bay Company own until it dissolved in 2013?
A2: Zellers
Q3: How many stores did Woolco operate before selling their shares to Walmart? 
A3: 160
Q4: Currently, what department store is most popular in Canada? 
A4: Walmart
European_Central_Bank (Geography and places)

From late 2009 a handful of mainly southern eurozone member states started being unable to repay their national Euro-denominated government debt or to finance the bail-out of troubled financial sectors under their national supervision without the assistance of third parties. This so-called European debt crisis began after Greece's new elected government stopped masking its true indebtedness and budget deficit and openly communicated the imminent danger of a Greek sovereign default. Seeing a sovereign default in the eurozone as a shock, the general public, international and European institutions, and the financial community started to intensively reassess the economic situation and creditworthiness of eurozone states. Those eurozone states being assessed as not financially sustainable enough on their current path, faced waves of credit rating downgrades and rising borrowing costs including increasing interest rate spreads. As a consequence, the ability of these states to borrow new money to further finance their budget deficits or to refinance existing unsustainable debt levels was strongly reduced.

Q1: When did the European debt Crisis begin?
A1: 2009
Q2: What did the eurozone states that were thought to not be able to repay their debt face as a consequence?
A2: the ability of these states to borrow new money to further finance their budget deficits or to refinance existing unsustainable debt levels was strongly reduced
Q3: Which country was the first to be at risk for soverign default?
A3: Greece
Q4: Who brought Greece's financial crisis to the forefront?
A4: new elected government
Q5: What had Greece's previous government been hiding?
A5: its true indebtedness and budget deficit
Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union (History)

From mid-May to September 1989, Ukrainian Greek-Catholic hunger strikers staged protests on Moscow's Arbat to call attention to the plight of their Church. They were especially active during the July session of the World Council of Churches held in Moscow. The protest ended with the arrests of the group on September 18. On May 27, 1989, the founding conference of the Lviv regional Memorial Society was held. On June 18, 1989, an estimated 100,000 faithful participated in public religious services in Ivano-Frankivsk in western Ukraine, responding to Cardinal Myroslav Lubachivsky's call for an international day of prayer.

Q1: What were the hunger strikers hoping to draw attention to?
A1: plight of their Church.
Q2: When did the Lviv regional Memorial Society have its first conference?
A2: May 27, 1989
Q3: How many people attended the services in western Ukraine?
A3: an estimated 100,000
Hard_rock (Music)

From outside the United Kingdom and the United States, the Canadian trio Rush released three distinctively hard rock albums in 1974–75 (Rush, Fly by Night and Caress of Steel) before moving toward a more progressive sound with the 1976 album 2112. The Irish band Thin Lizzy, which had formed in the late 1960s, made their most substantial commercial breakthrough in 1976 with the hard rock album Jailbreak and their worldwide hit "The Boys Are Back in Town", which reached number 8 in the UK and number 12 in the US. Their style, consisting of two duelling guitarists often playing leads in harmony, proved itself to be a large influence on later bands. They reached their commercial, and arguably their artistic peak with Black Rose: A Rock Legend (1979). The arrival of Scorpions from Germany marked the geographical expansion of the subgenre. Australian-formed AC/DC, with a stripped back, riff heavy and abrasive style that also appealed to the punk generation, began to gain international attention from 1976, culminating in the release of their multi-platinum albums Let There Be Rock (1977) and Highway to Hell (1979). Also influenced by a punk ethos were heavy metal bands like Motörhead, while Judas Priest abandoned the remaining elements of the blues in their music, further differentiating the hard rock and heavy metal styles and helping to create the New Wave of British Heavy Metal which was pursued by bands like Iron Maiden, Saxon and Venom.

Q1: The band Rush is what nationality?
A1: Canadian
Q2: What are the first three Rush albums?
A2: Rush, Fly by Night and Caress of Steel
Q3: What nationality was Thin Lizzy?
A3: Irish
Q4: What was Thin Lizzy's hit single?
A4: "The Boys Are Back in Town"
Q5: The Scorpions hailed from what country?
A5: Germany