LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
House_music (Music)

In the early 1980s, Chicago radio jocks The Hot Mix 5, and club DJs Ron Hardy and Frankie Knuckles played various styles of dance music, including older disco records (mostly Philly disco and Salsoul tracks), electro funk tracks by artists such as Afrika Bambaataa, newer Italo disco, B-Boy hip hop music by Man Parrish, Jellybean Benitez, Arthur Baker, and John Robie, and electronic pop music by Kraftwerk and Yellow Magic Orchestra. Some made and played their own edits of their favorite songs on reel-to-reel tape, and sometimes mixed in effects, drum machines, and other rhythmic electronic instrumentation. In this era,

Q1: who were the chicago radio jocks that played dance music in the early 1980s?
A1: The Hot Mix 5
Q2: what style of music did man parrish play?
A2: B-Boy hip hop music
Q3: what style of music did afrika bambaataa play?
A3: electro funk
Q4: what style of music did kraftwerk play?
A4: electronic pop music
Q5: how did producers sometimes make edits of house music?
A5: reel-to-reel tape
Post-punk (Music)

In the early 1980s, Downtown Manhattan's no wave scene transitioned from its abrasive origins into a more dance-oriented sound, with compilations such as ZE's Mutant Disco (1981) highlighting a newly playful sensibility borne out of the city's clash of hip hop, disco and punk styles, as well as dub reggae and world music influences. Artists such as Liquid Liquid, the B-52s, Cristina, Arthur Russell, James White and the Blacks and Lizzy Mercier Descloux pursued a formula described by Luc Sante as "anything at all + disco bottom". The decadent parties and art installations of venues such as Club 57 and the Mudd Club became cultural hubs for musicians and visual artists alike, with figures such as Jean-Michel Basquiat, Keith Haring and Michael Holman frequenting the scene. Other no wave-indebted groups such as Swans, Glenn Branca, the Lounge Lizards, Bush Tetras and Sonic Youth instead continued exploring the early scene's forays into noise and more abrasive territory.

Q1: When did Manhattan's no wave scene start becoming more dance-oriented?
A1: early 1980s
Q2: What formula did a lot of the artists emerging from the scene adhere to?
A2: "anything at all + disco bottom"
Q3: What type of party could be found at venues like Club 57?
A3: decadent
Q4: Who did the venues because cultural hubs for?
A4: musicians and visual artists alike
Q5: What movement was the group the Lounge Lizards indebted to?
A5: no wave
Q6: What did Downtown Manhattan's no wave scene transition into?
A6: dance-oriented sound
Q7: What type of sound did no wave have before it began to transition to a more dance oriented sound?
A7: abrasive
Q8: When was ZE's Mutant Disco released?
A8: 1981
Q9: What clubs were frequented by artists in the emerging dance scene?
A9: Club 57 and the Mudd Club
LaserDisc (Engineering and technology)

In the early 1980s, Philips produced a LaserDisc player model adapted for a computer interface, dubbed "professional". In 1985, Jasmine Multimedia created LaserDisc Juke Boxes featuring music videos from Michael Jackson, Duran Duran, and Cyndi Lauper. When connected to a PC this combination could be used to display images or information for educational or archival purposes, for example thousands of scanned medieval manuscripts. This strange device could be considered a very early equivalent of a CD-ROM.

Q1: In what decade did Philips produce a "professional" LD model for computer?
A1: early 1980s
Q2: In what year were LD jukeboxes created?
A2: 1985
Q3: Who created LD Jukeboxes in 1985?
A3: Jasmine Multimedia
Q4: Which musical artists were featured on LD Jukeboxes in 1985?
A4: Michael Jackson, Duran Duran, and Cyndi Lauper
Hunter-gatherer (Natural sciences)

In the early 1980s, a small but vocal segment of anthropologists and archaeologists attempted to demonstrate that contemporary groups usually identified as hunter-gatherers do not, in most cases, have a continuous history of hunting and gathering, and that in many cases their ancestors were agriculturalists and/or pastoralists[citation needed] who were pushed into marginal areas as a result of migrations, economic exploitation, and/or violent conflict (see, for example, the Kalahari Debate). The result of their effort has been the general acknowledgement that there has been complex interaction between hunter-gatherers and non-hunter-gatherers for millennia.[citation needed]

Q1: If they're not purely hunter-gatherers, then what do they have a history of being?
A1: agriculturalists
Q2: What caused these one-time agriculturalists to become foragers??
A2: pushed into marginal areas
Q3: What kind of upset could force agriculturalists into being foragers?
A3: migrations
Q4: Besides economic troubles, what else could push a people into foraging?
A4: violent conflict
Republic_of_the_Congo (Geography and places)

In the early 1980s, rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the government to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5% annually, one of the highest rates in Africa. The government has mortgaged a substantial portion of its petroleum earnings, contributing to a shortage of revenues. January 12, 1994 devaluation of Franc Zone currencies by 50% resulted in inflation of 46% in 1994, but inflation has subsided since.

Q1: What did income from petroleum allow the government to fund in the early '80s?
A1: large-scale development projects
Q2: What was the Congo's annual increase in gross domestic product in the early '80s?
A2: 5%
Q3: By how much were Franc Zone currencies devalued in January of 1994?
A3: 50%
Q4: How much inflation did the Congo experience as a result of the devaluation of the Franc?
A4: 46%
Dell (History)

In the early 1990s, Dell sold its products through Best Buy, Costco and Sam's Club stores in the United States. Dell stopped this practice in 1994, citing low profit-margins on the business, exclusively distributing through a direct-sales model for the next decade. In 2003, Dell briefly sold products in Sears stores in the U.S. In 2007, Dell started shipping its products to major retailers in the U.S. once again, starting with Sam's Club and Wal-Mart. Staples, the largest office-supply retailer in the U.S., and Best Buy, the largest electronics retailer in the U.S., became Dell retail partners later that same year.

Q1: What decade did Dell sell electronics through big box stores?
A1: 1990s
Q2: what year did Dell stop selling products through physical retailers?
A2: 1994
Q3: What store did Dell sell electronics at in 2003?
A3: Sears
Q4: What year did Dell begin selling products at retailers again?
A4: 2007
Q5: Who is the largest electronics retailer in the US? 
A5: Best Buy
Architecture (Art and architecture)

In the early 19th century, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin wrote Contrasts (1836) that, as the titled suggested, contrasted the modern, industrial world, which he disparaged, with an idealized image of neo-medieval world. Gothic architecture, Pugin believed, was the only "true Christian form of architecture."

Q1: Who wrote the book Contrasts?
A1: Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin
Q2: What year was Contrasts written in?
A2: 1836
Q3: What was the name of Pugin's book?
A3: Contrasts
Q4: In what year was Contrasts written?
A4: 1836
Q5: What world did Pugin dislike?
A5: modern, industrial world
Q6: What type of architecture did Pugin consider truly Christian?
A6: Gothic
Multiracial_American (History)

In the early 19th century, the Indigenous American woman Sacagawea, who would help translate for and guide the Lewis and Clark Expedition in the West, married the French trapper Toussaint Charbonneau. Most marriages between Europeans and Indigenous Americans were between European men and Indigenous American women. Depending on the kinship system of the woman's tribe, their children would be more or less easily assimilated into the tribe. Nations that had matrilineal systems, such as the Creek and Cherokee in the Southeast, gave the mixed-race children status in their mother's clans and tribes. If the tribe had a patrilineal system, like the Omaha, the children of white fathers were considered white. Unless they were specifically adopted into the tribe by an adult male, they could have no social status in it.

Q1: Who married Sacagewea?
A1: French trapper Toussaint Charbonneau
Q2: Who made up most unions between Europeans and natives?
A2: European men and Indigenous American women
Q3: What factor affected the ability of a child to be in a tribe?
A3: the kinship system of the woman's tribe
Q4: What nations are considered matrilineal?
A4: Creek and Cherokee
Q5: How could a white child be considered a member of the Omaha tribe?
A5: adopted into the tribe by an adult male
Utrecht (History)

In the early 19th century, the role of Utrecht as a fortified town had become obsolete. The fortifications of the Nieuwe Hollandse Waterlinie were moved east of Utrecht. The town walls could now be demolished to allow for expansion. The moats remained intact and formed an important feature of the Zocher plantsoen, an English style landscape park that remains largely intact today. Growth of the city increased when, in 1843, a railway connecting Utrecht to Amsterdam was opened. After that, Utrecht gradually became the main hub of the Dutch railway network. With the industrial revolution finally gathering speed in the Netherlands and the ramparts taken down, Utrecht began to grow far beyond the medieval centre. In 1853, the Dutch government allowed the bishopric of Utrecht to be reinstated by Rome, and Utrecht became the centre of Dutch Catholicism once more. From the 1880s onward neighbourhoods such as Oudwijk, Wittevrouwen, Vogelenbuurt to the East, and Lombok to the West were developed. New middle class residential areas, such as Tuindorp and Oog in Al, were built in the 1920s and 1930s. During this period, several Jugendstil houses and office buildings were built, followed by Rietveld who built the Rietveld Schröder House (1924), and Dudok's construction of the city theater (1941).

Q1: What hapend in the early 19th century
A1: the role of Utrecht as a fortified town had become obsolete
Q2: In 1843 what brought growth to Utrecht 
A2: a railway connecting Utrecht to Amsterdam was opened
Q3: What was reinstated in 1853 
A3: the Dutch government allowed the bishopric of Utrecht to be reinstated by Rome, and Utrecht became the centre of Dutch Catholicism
Q4: what was built in the 1920's and 1930's 
A4: New middle class residential areas, such as Tuindorp and Oog in Al, were built
Communications_in_Somalia (Engineering and technology)

In the early 2000s, print media in Somalia reached a peak in activity. Around 50 newspapers were published in Mogadishu alone during this period, including Qaran, Mogadishu Times, Sana'a, Shabelle Press, Ayaamaha, Mandeeq, Sky Sport, Goal, The Nation, Dalka, Panorama, Aayaha Nolosha, Codka Xuriyada and Xidigta Maanta. In 2003, as new free electronic media outlets started to proliferate, advertisers increasingly began switching over from print ads to radio and online commercials in order to reach more customers. A number of the broadsheets in circulation subsequently closed down operations, as they were no longer able to cover printing costs in the face of the electronic revolution. In 2012, the political Xog Doon and Xog Ogaal and Horyaal Sports were reportedly the last remaining newspapers printed in the capital. According to Issa Farah, a former editor with the Dalka broadsheet, newspaper publishing in Somalia is likely to experience a resurgence if the National Somali Printing Press is re-opened and the sector is given adequate public support.

Q1: Where was The Mogadishu Times published?
A1: Mogadishu
Q2: What year did free media outlets begin to expand?
A2: 2003
Q3: Advertisers switched from print ads to what to reach more customers?
A3: radio and online commercials
Q4: Whos is a former editor with The Delka Broadsheet?
A4: Issa Farah
Valencia (Geography and places)

In the early 20th century Valencia was an industrialised city. The silk industry had disappeared, but there was a large production of hides and skins, wood, metals and foodstuffs, this last with substantial exports, particularly of wine and citrus. Small businesses predominated, but with the rapid mechanisation of industry larger companies were being formed. The best expression of this dynamic was in the regional exhibitions, including that of 1909 held next to the pedestrian avenue L'Albereda (Paseo de la Alameda), which depicted the progress of agriculture and industry. Among the most architecturally successful buildings of the era were those designed in the Art Nouveau style, such as the North Station (Gare du Nord) and the Central and Columbus markets.

Q1: What were Valencia's main food exports in the early 20th century?
A1: wine and citrus
Q2: When was an exhibition held that showed agricultural and industrial progress?
A2: 1909
Q3: What architectural style was particularly successful?
A3: Art Nouveau
Q4: What station was built in the Art Nouveau style?
A4: North Station (Gare du Nord)
Q5: What markets were built in the Art Nouveau style?
A5: Central and Columbus
Galicia_(Spain) (Geography and places)

In the early 20th century came another turn toward nationalist politics with Solidaridad Gallega (1907–1912) modeled on Solidaritat Catalana in Catalonia. Solidaridad Gallega failed, but in 1916 Irmandades da Fala (Brotherhood of the Language) developed first as a cultural association but soon as a full-blown nationalist movement. Vicente Risco and Ramón Otero Pedrayo were outstanding cultural figures of this movement, and the magazine Nós ('Us'), founded 1920, its most notable cultural institution, Lois Peña Novo the outstanding political figure.

Q1: Which nationalist movement arose in the early 20th century?
A1: Solidaridad Gallega
Q2: Which other movement was it modeled after?
A2: Solidaritat Catalana
Q3: Which political group arose in 1916?
A3: Irmandades da Fala
Q4: Which magazine advocated for Galician nationalism?
A4: Nós
Mandolin (Music)

In the early 20th century several mandolin orchestras (Estudiantinas) were active in Belgium. Today only a few groups remain: Royal Estudiantina la Napolitaine (founded in 1904) in Antwerp, Brasschaats mandoline orkest in Brasschaat and an orchestra in Mons (Bergen). Gerda Abts is a well known mandolin virtuoso in Belgium. She is also mandolin teacher and gives lessons in the music academies of Lier, Wijnegem and Brasschaat. She is now also professor mandolin at the music high school “Koninklijk Conservatorium Artesis Hogeschool Antwerpen”. She also gives various concerts each year in different ensembles. She is in close contact to the Brasschaat mandolin Orchestra. Her site is www.gevoeligesnaar.be

Q1: What is an Etsudiantinas? 
A1: mandolin orchestras
Q2: Where were the Estudiantinas active in during the early 20th century?
A2: Belgium
Q3: What groups remain today? 
A3: Royal Estudiantina la Napolitaine (founded in 1904) in Antwerp, Brasschaats mandoline orkest in Brasschaat and an orchestra in Mons (Bergen).
Q4: Where is Gerda Abts well know in? 
A4: Belgium
Q5: Where is Gerda Abst a professor mandolin?
A5: Koninklijk Conservatorium Artesis Hogeschool Antwerpen
Nutrition (Agriculture, food, and drink)

In the early 20th century, Carl von Voit and Max Rubner independently measured caloric energy expenditure in different species of animals, applying principles of physics in nutrition. In 1906, Edith G. Willcock and Frederick Hopkins showed that the amino acid tryptophan aids the well-being of mice but it did not assure their growth. In the middle of twelve years of attempts to isolate them, Hopkins said in a 1906 lecture that "unsuspected dietetic factors," other than calories, protein, and minerals, are needed to prevent deficiency diseases. In 1907, Stephen M. Babcock and Edwin B. Hart conducted the single-grain experiment, which took nearly four years to complete.

Q1: What was measured in the early 20th century?
A1: caloric energy expenditure
Q2: What did Carl von Voit and Max Rubner apply to nutrition in order to receive their results?
A2: principles of physics
Q3: Which amino acid can assist with the well - being of mice but not necessarily their growth?
A3: tryptophan
Q4: What did Hopkins believe was required other than calories, protein and minerals to help prevent deficiency diseases?
A4: unsuspected dietetic factors
Q5: Which experiment related to diet was conducted that required four years to complete?
A5: single-grain experiment
Poultry (Natural sciences)

In the early 20th century, Japanese breeders began to selectively breed for increased egg production. By 1940, the quail egg industry was flourishing, but the events of World War II led to the complete loss of quail lines bred for their song type, as well as almost all of those bred for egg production. After the war, the few surviving domesticated quail were used to rebuild the industry, and all current commercial and laboratory lines are considered to have originated from this population. Modern birds can lay upward of 300 eggs a year and countries such as Japan, India, China, Italy, Russia, and the United States have established commercial Japanese quail farming industries. Japanese quail are also used in biomedical research in fields such as genetics, embryology, nutrition, physiology, pathology, and toxicity studies. These quail are closely related to the common quail, and many young hybrid birds are released into the wild each year to replenish dwindling wild populations.

Q1: Why did the Japanses begin to breed quails in teh 20th century?
A1: Japanese breeders began to selectively breed for increased egg production.
Q2: When did the quail egg business begin to really become an economic driven industry?
A2: By 1940, the quail egg industry was flourishing,
Q3: What caused a marked sownturn in the production of quail eggs following the industry boom?
A3: the events of World War II led to the complete loss of quail lines bred for their song type, as well as almost all of those bred for egg production
Q4: How many eggs can be laid by the present day decendants of the Japanese quail?
A4: Modern birds can lay upward of 300 eggs a year
Q5: Are quails used for any purpose other than human consumption ?
A5: Japanese quail are also used in biomedical research in fields such as genetics, embryology, nutrition, physiology, pathology, and toxicity studies
Montevideo (Geography and places)

In the early 20th century, many Europeans (particularly Spaniards and Italians but also thousands from Central Europe) immigrated to the city. In 1908, 30% of the city's population of 300,000 was foreign-born. In that decade the city expanded quickly: new neighbourhoods were created and many separate settlements were annexed to the city, among which were the Villa del Cerro, Pocitos, the Prado and Villa Colón. The Rodó Park and the Estadio Gran Parque Central were also established, which served as poles of urban development.

Q1: What century did many Europeans immigrate to the city of Montevideo?
A1: early 20th century
Q2: In 1908 what percent of the city's population was foreign-born?
A2: 30%
Q3: The Rodo Park and the Estadio Gran Parque Central serves as poles of what?
A3: urban development
Race_(human_categorization) (Natural sciences)

In the early 20th century, many anthropologists accepted and taught the belief that biologically distinct races were isomorphic with distinct linguistic, cultural, and social groups, while popularly applying that belief to the field of eugenics, in conjunction with a practice that is now called scientific racism. After the Nazi eugenics program, racial essentialism lost widespread popularity. Race anthropologists were pressured to acknowledge findings coming from studies of culture and population genetics, and to revise their conclusions about the sources of phenotypic variation. A significant number of modern anthropologists and biologists in the West came to view race as an invalid genetic or biological designation.

Q1: Who taught and accepted the belief that biologically distinct races were isomorphic?
A1: many anthropologists
Q2: What practice was combined with the field of eugenics regarding the distinctness of social groups?
A2: scientific racism
Q3: What effect did the Nazi eugenics program have on racial essentialism? 
A3: lost widespread popularity
Q4: What conclusions were race anthropologists pressured to revise?
A4: sources of phenotypic variation
Q5: What did a lot of modern anthropologists in the West come to view racial designation as?
A5: invalid
Dialect (Language and literature)

In the early 20th century, the vast conscription of Italian men from all throughout Italy during World War I is credited with facilitating the diffusion of standard Italian among less educated Italian men, as these men from various regions with various regional languages were forced to communicate with each other in a common tongue while serving in the Italian military. With the eventual spread of the radio and television throughout Italy and the establishment of public education, Italians from all regions were increasingly exposed to standard Italian, while literacy rates among all social classes improved. Today, the majority of Italians are able to speak standard Italian, though many Italians still speak their regional language regularly or as their primary day-to-day language, especially at home with family or when communicating with Italians from the same town or region. However, to some Italians, speaking a regional language, especially in a formal setting or outside of one's region, may carry a stigma or negative connotations associated with being lower class, uneducated, boorish, or overly informal.

Q1: During what war did a large number of Italian men first learn standard Italian?
A1: World War I
Q2: Along with radio and public education, what invention helped to diffuse standard Italian among the Italian population?
A2: television
Q3: In modern Italy, what class of people are regional languages sometimes associated with?
A3: lower
Q4: Along with formal settings, where do some Italians avoid speaking their regional language?
A4: outside of one's region
Q5: Aside from when they're speaking to Italians from their same town or region, where is a common place where Italians speak their regional language?
A5: at home with family
Neoclassical_architecture (Art and architecture)

In the early 20th century, the writings of Albert Richardson were responsible for a re-awakening of interest in pure neoclassical design. Vincent Harris (compare Harris's colonnaded and domed interior of Manchester Central Reference Library to the colonnaded and domed interior by John Carr and R R Duke), Bradshaw Gass & Hope and Percy Thomas were among those who designed public buildings in the neoclassical style in the interwar period. In the British Raj in India, Sir Edwin Lutyens' monumental city planning for New Delhi marked the sunset of neoclassicism. In Scotland and the north of England, where the Gothic Revival was less strong, architects continued to develop the neoclassical style of William Henry Playfair. The works of Cuthbert Brodrick and Alexander Thomson show that by the end of the 19th century the results could be powerful and eccentric.

Q1: What author's 20th century writing caused interest in pure neoclassical design?
A1: Albert Richardson
Q2: In what period did Percy Thomas design public building in neoclassical?
A2: interwar period
Q3: Sir Edwin Lutyens' city planning in what city marked a shift in design?
A3: New Delhi
Q4: What new design was trending after neoclassical?
A4: Gothic Revival