LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Egypt (Geography and places)

The canal is 193.30 km (120.11 mi) long, 24 m (79 ft) deep and 205 metres (673 ft) wide as of 2010. It consists of the northern access channel of 22 km (14 mi), the canal itself of 162.25 km (100.82 mi) and the southern access channel of 9 km (5.6 mi). The canal is a single lane with passing places in the "Ballah By-Pass" and the Great Bitter Lake. It contains no locks; seawater flows freely through the canal. In general, the canal north of the Bitter Lakes flows north in winter and south in summer. The current south of the lakes changes with the tide at Suez.

Q1: How long is Suez canal?
A1: 193.30 km (120.11 mi)
Q2: How deep is Suez canal?
A2: 24 m (79 ft)
Q3: How wide is Suez canal?
A3: 205 metres (673 ft)
Q4: How many locks are contained in Suez Canal?
A4: no locks
Q5: What direction does the canal north of Bitter lakes flow?
A5: north in winter and south in summer
Canon_law (Philosophy and religion)

The canon law of the Eastern Catholic Churches, which had developed some different disciplines and practices, underwent its own process of codification, resulting in the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches promulgated in 1990 by Pope John Paul II.

Q1: In what ways did the Eastern Catholic Churches's legal systems vary from those of the west?
A1: different disciplines and practices
Q2: What led to the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches?
A2: process of codification
Q3: When was the law of the Eastern Catholic Churches promoted?
A3: 1990
Q4: Who sponsored the promulgation of Eastern Catholic Church laws?
A4: Pope John Paul II
Q5: What was the name of the formal version of laws ruling the Eastern Catholic Churches?
A5: the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches
Switzerland (Geography and places)

The cantons have a permanent constitutional status and, in comparison with the situation in other countries, a high degree of independence. Under the Federal Constitution, all 26 cantons are equal in status. Each canton has its own constitution, and its own parliament, government and courts. However, there are considerable differences between the individual cantons, most particularly in terms of population and geographical area. Their populations vary between 15,000 (Appenzell Innerrhoden) and 1,253,500 (Zürich), and their area between 37 km2 (14 sq mi) (Basel-Stadt) and 7,105 km2 (2,743 sq mi) (Graubünden). The Cantons comprise a total of 2,485 municipalities. Within Switzerland there are two enclaves: Büsingen belongs to Germany, Campione d'Italia belongs to Italy.

Q1: According to the Federal Constitution, how many cantons are equal in status?
A1: all 26
Q2: What are the two major differences between cantons?
A2: population and geographical area
Q3: What is the population of the largest canton?
A3: 1,253,500 (Zürich)
Q4: What is the population of the smallest canton?
A4: 15,000 (Appenzell Innerrhoden)
Q5: How large is the smallest canton?
A5: 37 km2 (14 sq mi) (Basel-Stadt)
Capacitor (Engineering and technology)

The capacitance of certain capacitors decreases as the component ages. In ceramic capacitors, this is caused by degradation of the dielectric. The type of dielectric, ambient operating and storage temperatures are the most significant aging factors, while the operating voltage has a smaller effect. The aging process may be reversed by heating the component above the Curie point. Aging is fastest near the beginning of life of the component, and the device stabilizes over time. Electrolytic capacitors age as the electrolyte evaporates. In contrast with ceramic capacitors, this occurs towards the end of life of the component.

Q1: What value of some capacitors decreases with age?
A1: The capacitance
Q2: What causes the decrease of capacitance in ceramic capacitors as they age?
A2: degradation of the dielectric
Q3: What is one of the most important aging factors in capacitors?
A3: The type of dielectric
Q4: What is another important factor which governs how a capacitor ages?
A4: ambient operating and storage temperatures
Q5: At what point can the aging effect of a capacitor be reversed if the component is heated beyond?
A5: the Curie point
Punjab,_Pakistan (Geography and places)

The capital and largest city is Lahore which was the historical capital of the wider Punjab region. Other important cities include Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Sargodha, Multan, Sialkot, Bahawalpur, Gujrat, Sheikhupura, Jhelum and Sahiwal. Undivided Punjab is home to six rivers, of which five flow through Pakistani Punjab. From west to east, these are: the Indus, Jhelum, Beas, Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej. Nearly 60% of Pakistan's population lives in the Punjab. It is the nation's only province that touches every other province; it also surrounds the federal enclave of the national capital city at Islamabad. In the acronym P-A-K-I-S-T-A-N, the P is for Punjab.

Q1: Which province in Pakistan borders the other 3 provinces?
A1: Punjab
Q2: What is Pakistan's capital?
A2: Islamabad
Q3: How many rivers are in Punjab, Pakistan?
A3: five
Q4: What is the easternmost river in Punjab?
A4: Sutlej
Q5: How much of Pakistan's population lives in Punjab?
A5: Nearly 60%
Namibia (Social sciences and society)

The capital city of Windhoek plays a very important role in Namibia's tourism due to its central location and close proximity to Hosea Kutako International Airport. According to The Namibia Tourism Exit Survey, which was produced by the Millennium Challenge Corporation for the Namibian Directorate of Tourism, 56% of all tourists visiting Namibia during the time period, 2012 - 2013, visited Windhoek. Many of Namibia's tourism related parastatals and governing bodies such as Namibia Wildlife Resorts, Air Namibia and the Namibia Tourism Board as well as Namibia's tourism related trade associations such as the Hospitality Association of Namibia are also all headquartered in Windhoek. There are also a number of notable hotels in Windhoek such as Windhoek Country Club Resort and some international hotel chains also operate in Windhoek, such as Avani Hotels and Resorts and Hilton Hotels and Resorts.

Q1: What is the capital of Namibia?
A1: Windhoek
Q2: What is the airport in Namibia?
A2: Hosea Kutako International Airport
Q3: What is the most popular hotel in Windhoek?
A3: Windhoek Country Club Resort
Q4: Avani Hotels and resorts is a chain resort in Windhoek, what is another?
A4: Hilton Hotels and Resorts
Geography_of_the_United_States (Geography and places)

The capital city, Washington, District of Columbia, is a federal district located on land donated by the state of Maryland. (Virginia had also donated land, but it was returned in 1849.) The United States also has overseas territories with varying levels of independence and organization: in the Caribbean the territories of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, and in the Pacific the inhabited territories of Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands, along with a number of uninhabited island territories.

Q1: What is the capital city of the US?
A1: Washington, District of Columbia
Q2: Which US state donated Washington, D.C.?
A2: Maryland
Q3: What are the US territories overseas located in the Pacific?
A3: Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands
Q4: Which US state also donated territory to Washington, D.C., but had it returned?
A4: Virginia
Tennessee (Geography and places)

The capital is Nashville, though Knoxville, Kingston, and Murfreesboro have all served as state capitals in the past. Memphis has the largest population of any city in the state. Nashville's 13-county metropolitan area has been the state's largest since c. 1990. Chattanooga and Knoxville, both in the eastern part of the state near the Great Smoky Mountains, each has approximately one-third of the population of Memphis or Nashville. The city of Clarksville is a fifth significant population center, some 45 miles (72 km) northwest of Nashville. Murfreesboro is the sixth-largest city in Tennessee, consisting of some 108,755 residents.

Q1: Which cities other than Knoxville have been the capital of Tennessee?
A1: Knoxville, Kingston, and Murfreesboro
Q2: How many counties are part of Nashville's metropolitan area?
A2: 13
Q3: What distance in miles is Clarksville, TN from Nashville?
A3: 45
Q4: Which city is Tennessee's sixth largest by population?
A4: Murfreesboro
Q5: Which two of the six most populous Tennessee cities are nearest the Great Smoky Mountains?
A5: Chattanooga and Knoxville
Estonia (Geography and places)

The capital of Danish Estonia (Danish: Hertugdømmet Estland) was Reval (Tallinn), founded at the place of Lyndanisse after the invasion of 1219. The Danes built the fortress of Castrum Danorum at Toompea Hill. Estonians still call their capital "Tallinn", which according to legend derives from Taani linna (meaning Danish town or castle). Reval was granted Lübeck city rights (1248) and joined the Hanseatic League. Even today, Danish influence can be seen in heraldic symbols. The Danish cross is on the city of Tallinn's coat of arms, and Estonia's coat of arms displays three lions similar to those found on the Danish coat of arms.

Q1: What was the capital of Danish Estonia?
A1: Reval
Q2: What event preceded the founding of the capital?
A2: the invasion of 1219
Q3: What structure was built at Toompea Hill?
A3: the fortress of Castrum Danorum
Q4: What year was Reval granted with Lübeck city rights?
A4: 1248
Samoa (Geography and places)

The capital village of each district administers and coordinates the affairs of the district and confers each district's paramount title, amongst other responsibilities. For example, the District of A'ana has its capital at Leulumoega. The paramount title of A'ana is the TuiA'ana. The orator group which confers this title – the Faleiva (House of Nine) – is based at Leulumoega. This is also the same for the other districts. In the district of Tuamasaga, the paramount title of the district – the Malietoa title – is conferred by the FaleTuamasaga based in Afega.

Q1: What district is Leulumoega the capital of?
A1: A'ana
Q2: What is the Samoan word for the "House of Nine" in Leulumoega?
A2: Faleiva
Q3: What is A'ana's paramount title?
A3: the TuiA'ana
Q4: What's the paramount title of the Tuamasaga district?
A4: Malietoa
Q5: In what town does the FaleTuamasaga conduct business?
A5: Afega
Republic_of_the_Congo (Geography and places)

The capital, Brazzaville, is located on the Congo River, in the south of the country, immediately across from Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Q1: What is the capital of the Congo?
A1: Brazzaville
Q2: On what river can Brazzaville be found?
A2: Congo River
Q3: What lies directly across the Congo River from Brazzaville?
A3: Kinshasa
Q4: What country does Kinshasa serve as capital of?
A4: Democratic Republic of the Congo
Cardinal_(Catholicism) (History)

The cardinal deacons are the lowest-ranking cardinals. Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are either officials of the Roman Curia or priests elevated after their 80th birthday. Bishops with diocesan responsibilities, however, are created cardinal priests.

Q1: Which cardinals are ranked lowest?
A1: cardinal deacons
Cardinal_(Catholicism) (History)

The cardinal protodeacon, the senior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals, has the privilege of announcing a new pope's election and name (once he has been ordained to the Episcopate) from the central balcony at the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City State. In the past, during papal coronations, the proto-deacon also had the honor of bestowing the pallium on the new pope and crowning him with the papal tiara. However, in 1978 Pope John Paul I chose not to be crowned and opted for a simpler papal inauguration ceremony, and his three successors followed that example. As a result, the Cardinal protodeacon's privilege of crowning a new pope has effectively ceased although it could be revived if a future Pope were to restore a coronation ceremony. However, the proto-deacon still has the privilege of bestowing the pallium on a new pope at his papal inauguration. “Acting in the place of the Roman Pontiff, he also confers the pallium upon metropolitan bishops or gives the pallium to their proxies.” The current cardinal proto-deacon is Renato Raffaele Martino.

Q1: Who announces the election of a new pope?
A1: The cardinal protodeacon
Q2: Where does this person announce the election of the new pope?
A2: from the central balcony at the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City State
Q3: Who was the first pope who chose not to be crowned?
A3: Pope John Paul I
Cardinal_(Catholicism) (History)

The cardinal who is the longest-serving member of the order of cardinal priests is titled cardinal protopriest. He had certain ceremonial duties in the conclave that have effectively ceased because he would generally have already reached age 80, at which cardinals are barred from the conclave. The current cardinal protopriest is Paulo Evaristo Arns of Brazil.

Q1: Who can become the cardinal protopriest?
A1: The cardinal who is the longest-serving member of the order of cardinal priests
Q2: Who is the cardinal protopriest at this time?
A2: Paulo Evaristo Arns of Brazil
Seven_Years%27_War (History)

The carefully coded word in the agreement proved no less catalytic for the other European powers. The results were absolute chaos. Empress Elizabeth of Russia was outraged at the duplicity of Britain's position. Not only that France was so enraged, and terrified, by the sudden betrayal of its only ally. Austria, particularly Kaunitz, used this situation to their utmost advantage. The now-isolated France was forced to accede to the Austro-Russian alliance or face ruin. Thereafter, on May 1, 1756, the First Treaty of Versailles was signed, in which both nations pledged 24.000 troops to defend each other in the case of an attack. This diplomatic revolution proved to be an important cause of the war; although both treaties were self-defensive in nature, the actions of both coalitions made the war virtually inevitable.

Q1: What was the response of Empress Elizabeth of Russia to the English-Prussian agreement?
A1: Empress Elizabeth of Russia was outraged
Q2: Why was France mad at the British-Prussian agreement?
A2: France was so enraged, and terrified, by the sudden betrayal of its only ally. Austria,
Q3: France was now in a desperate position, what did they do?
A3: France was forced to accede to the Austro-Russian alliance
Q4: Who were the parties to the treaty of Versailles?
A4: Austria, particularly Kaunitz, used this situation to their utmost advantage. The now-isolated France
Q5: How many troops did Austria and France pledge to defend each other?
A5: 24.000 troops
Middle_Ages (History)

The caricature of the period is also reflected in some more specific notions. One misconception, first propagated in the 19th century and still very common, is that all people in the Middle Ages believed that the Earth was flat. This is untrue, as lecturers in the medieval universities commonly argued that evidence showed the Earth was a sphere. Lindberg and Ronald Numbers, another scholar of the period, state that there "was scarcely a Christian scholar of the Middle Ages who did not acknowledge [Earth's] sphericity and even know its approximate circumference". Other misconceptions such as "the Church prohibited autopsies and dissections during the Middle Ages", "the rise of Christianity killed off ancient science", or "the medieval Christian church suppressed the growth of natural philosophy", are all cited by Numbers as examples of widely popular myths that still pass as historical truth, although they are not supported by current historical research.

Q1: During what century was it first proposed that people in the Middle Ages thought the Earth was flat?
A1: 19th
Q2: Along with autopsies, what is it erroneously believed that the medieval Church forbade?
A2: dissections
Q3: According to a misconception, what did the rise of Christianity destroy?
A3: ancient science
Q4: According to another misconception, what field of study was the medieval Church opposed to?
A4: natural philosophy
Q5: Along with Lindberg, who is a notable scholar of the Middle Ages?
A5: Ronald Numbers
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System (Video games)

The cartridge media of the console is officially referred to as Game Pak in most Western regions, and as Cassette (カセット, Kasetto?) in Japan and parts of Latin America. While the SNES can address 128 Mbit,[f] only 117.75 Mbit are actually available for cartridge use. A fairly normal mapping could easily address up to 95 Mbit of ROM data (48 Mbit at FastROM speed) with 8 Mbit of battery-backed RAM. However, most available memory access controllers only support mappings of up to 32 Mbit. The largest games released (Tales of Phantasia and Star Ocean) contain 48 Mbit of ROM data, while the smallest games contain only 2 Mbit.

Q1: What are SNES game cartridges officially called in the US?
A1: Game Pak
Q2: What are SNES game cartridges officially called in Japan?
A2: Cassette
Q3: How much data space can an SNES cartridge use?
A3: 117.75 Mbit
Q4: What were the largest SNES games?
A4: Tales of Phantasia and Star Ocean
Q5: How much data do the smallest SNES games use?
A5: 2 Mbit
Franco-Prussian_War (History)

The casualties were horrible, especially for the attacking Prussian forces. A grand total of 20,163 German troops were killed, wounded or missing in action during the August 18 battle. The French losses were 7,855 killed and wounded along with 4,420 prisoners of war (half of them were wounded) for a total of 12,275. While most of the Prussians fell under the French Chassepot rifles, most French fell under the Prussian Krupp shells. In a breakdown of the casualties, Frossard's II Corps of the Army of the Rhine suffered 621 casualties while inflicting 4,300 casualties on the Prussian First Army under Steinmetz before the Pointe du Jour. The Prussian Guards Infantry Divisions losses were even more staggering with 8,000 casualties out of 18,000 men. The Special Guards Jäger lost 19 officers, a surgeon and 431 men out of a total of 700. The 2nd Guards Infantry Brigade lost 39 officers and 1,076 men. The 3rd Guards Infantry Brigade lost 36 officers and 1,060 men. On the French side, the units holding St. Privat lost more than half their number in the village.

Q1: Who were the casualties especially terrible for?
A1: the attacking Prussian forces
Q2: What was the grand total of German casualties and those missing in action?
A2: 20,163
Q3: What were the number of French killed and wounded?
A3: 7,855
Q4: What was the number of French prisoners?
A4: 4,420
Q5: What did most Prussians fall under?
A5: French Chassepot rifles
Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States (Social sciences and society)

The category of Native American applies to the diverse group of people who lived in North America before European settlement. During the U.S. government's westward expansion, Native Americans were displaced from their land which had been their home for centuries. Instead, they were forced onto reservations which were far smaller and less productive. According to Brest, land belonging to Native Americans was reduced from 138 million acres in 1887 to 52 million acres in 1934. In 1990, the poverty rate for Native Americans was more than triple that of the whites and only 9.4% of Native Americans have completed a bachelor's degree as opposed to 25.2% of whites and 12.2% of African Americans.

Q1: Which groups can be categorized as Native Americans?
A1: people who lived in North America before European settlement
Q2: When did the Native Americans lose their land?
A2: During the U.S. government's westward expansion
Q3: Where were Native Americans forced to live after they lost their land?
A3: reservations
Q4: How much land did the Native Americans own in 1934?
A4: 52 million acres
Q5: In relation to whites, what was the poverty rate for Native Americans in 1990?
A5: more than triple
Palermo (Unknown)

The cathedral has a heliometer (solar "observatory") of 1690, one of a number built in Italy in the 17th and 18th centuries. The device itself is quite simple: a tiny hole in one of the minor domes acts as pinhole camera, projecting an image of the sun onto the floor at solar noon (12:00 in winter, 13:00 in summer). There is a bronze line, la Meridiana on the floor, running precisely N/S. The ends of the line mark the positions as at the summer and winter solstices; signs of the zodiac show the various other dates throughout the year.

Q1: What is a heliometer?
A1: solar "observatory"
Q2: What name is given to the bronze line on the floor of a heliometer?
A2: la Meridiana
Q3: Which direction does la Meridiana run?
A3: precisely N/S
Q4: What image is projected on the floor of the heliometer?
A4: the sun
Modern_history (Philosophy and religion)

The causes of World War I included many factors, including the conflicts and antagonisms of the four decades leading up to the war. The Triple Entente was the name given to the loose alignment between the United Kingdom, France, and Russia after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907. The alignment of the three powers, supplemented by various agreements with Japan, the United States, and Spain, constituted a powerful counterweight to the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy, the third having concluded an additional secret agreement with France effectively nullifying her Alliance commitments. Militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism played major roles in the conflict. The immediate origins of the war lay in the decisions taken by statesmen and generals during the July Crisis of 1914, the spark (or casus belli) for which was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria.

Q1: What is The Triple Entente?
A1: the name given to the loose alignment between the United Kingdom, France, and Russia after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907.
Q2: When was the Anglo -Russia Entente signed?
A2: 1907.
Q3: The Triple Entente served as a counter to what agreement? 
A3: Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy,
Q4: What was the origin of the war?
A4: the decisions taken by statesmen and generals during the July Crisis of 1914
Q5: Who was murdered in Austria?
A5: Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Franco-Prussian_War (History)

The causes of the Franco-Prussian War are deeply rooted in the events surrounding the unification of Germany. In the aftermath of the Austro–Prussian War of 1866, Prussia had annexed numerous territories and formed the North German Confederation. This new power destabilized the European balance of power established by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 after the Napoleonic Wars. Napoleon III, then the emperor of France, demanded compensations in Belgium and on the left bank of the Rhine to secure France's strategic position, which the Prussian chancellor, Otto von Bismarck, flatly refused. Prussia then turned its attention towards the south of Germany, where it sought to incorporate the southern German kingdoms, Bavaria, Württemberg, Baden and Hesse-Darmstadt, into a unified Prussia-dominated Germany. France was strongly opposed to any further alliance of German states, which would have significantly strengthened the Prussian military.

Q1: What are the causes of the Franco-Prussian War deeply rooted in?
A1: the unification of Germany
Q2: In the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian war, formed what group?
A2: North German Confederation
Q3: What was the effect of that new group on the European balance of power?
A3: new power destabilized
Q4: What established the European balance of power in 1815?
A4: the Congress of Vienna
Q5: As Prussia sought to incorporated several German kingdoms, what stance did France assume?
A5: strongly opposed to any further alliance of German states