LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Education (Philosophy and religion)

After the Fall of Rome, the Catholic Church became the sole preserver of literate scholarship in Western Europe. The church established cathedral schools in the Early Middle Ages as centers of advanced education. Some of these establishments ultimately evolved into medieval universities and forebears of many of Europe's modern universities. During the High Middle Ages, Chartres Cathedral operated the famous and influential Chartres Cathedral School. The medieval universities of Western Christendom were well-integrated across all of Western Europe, encouraged freedom of inquiry, and produced a great variety of fine scholars and natural philosophers, including Thomas Aquinas of the University of Naples, Robert Grosseteste of the University of Oxford, an early expositor of a systematic method of scientific experimentation, and Saint Albert the Great, a pioneer of biological field research. Founded in 1088, the University of Bologne is considered the first, and the oldest continually operating university.

Q1: What occurred after the Fall of Rome with literature?
A1: Catholic Church became the sole preserver
Q2: What happened with education  during the Early Middle Ages?
A2: church established cathedral schools
Q3: What did these early schools during the Middle Ages evolve into?
A3: medieval universities
Q4: What was the name of the famous school during the high middle ages?
A4: Chartres Cathedral School
Black_people (Language and literature)

After the First World War, however, it became apparent that the number of mixed-race people was growing at a faster rate than the white population, and by 1930 fear of the "half-caste menace" undermining the White Australia ideal from within was being taken as a serious concern. Dr. Cecil Cook, the Northern Territory Protector of Natives, noted that:

Q1: Which race was growing faster after the First World War?
A1: mixed-race people
Q2: What did people fear in 1930?
A2: "half-caste menace"
Q3: What did this menace undermine?
A3: the White Australia ideal
Q4: Who noted this particular fear?
A4: Dr. Cecil Cook
Q5: Who is Dr. Cecil Cook?
A5: the Northern Territory Protector of Natives,
Samurai (Language and literature)

After the Genpei war of the late 12th century, a clan leader Minamoto no Yoritomo obtained the right to appoint shugo and jito, and was allowed to organize soldiers and police, and to collect a certain amount of tax. Initially, their responsibility was restricted to arresting rebels and collecting needed army provisions, and they were forbidden from interfering with Kokushi Governors, but their responsibility gradually expanded and thus the samurai-class appeared as the political ruling power in Japan. Minamoto no Yoritomo opened the Kamakura Bakufu Shogunate in 1192.

Q1: When was the Genpei war?
A1: late 12th century
Q2: Who was given the right to appoint shugo?
A2: Minamoto no Yoritomo
Q3: What was Minamoto's position?
A3: clan leader
Q4: Who opened the Kamakura Bakufu Shogunate?
A4: Minamoto no Yoritomo
Q5: When did the Kamakura Bakufu Shogunate open?
A5: 1192
British_Empire (History)

After the German occupation of France in 1940, Britain and the empire stood alone against Germany, until the entry of the Soviet Union to the war in 1941. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill successfully lobbied President Franklin D. Roosevelt for military aid from the United States, but Roosevelt was not yet ready to ask Congress to commit the country to war. In August 1941, Churchill and Roosevelt met and signed the Atlantic Charter, which included the statement that "the rights of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they live" should be respected. This wording was ambiguous as to whether it referred to European countries invaded by Germany, or the peoples colonised by European nations, and would later be interpreted differently by the British, Americans, and nationalist movements.

Q1: When was France occupied by Germany?
A1: 1940
Q2: When was the Atlantic Charter signed?
A2: August 1941
Q3: Which British Prime Minister signed the Atlantic Charter?
A3: Churchill
Q4: Which US President signed the Atlantic Charter?
A4: Roosevelt
Q5: Which country first entered World War 2 after France's defeat?
A5: Soviet Union
Religion_in_ancient_Rome (History)

After the Great Fire of Rome in 64 AD, Emperor Nero accused the Christians as convenient scapegoats, who were later persecuted and killed. From that point on, Roman official policy towards Christianity tended towards persecution. During the various Imperial crises of the 3rd century, “contemporaries were predisposed to decode any crisis in religious terms”, regardless of their allegiance to particular practices or belief systems. Christianity drew its traditional base of support from the powerless, who seemed to have no religious stake in the well-being of the Roman State, and therefore threatened its existence. The majority of Rome’s elite continued to observe various forms of inclusive Hellenistic monism; Neoplatonism in particular accommodated the miraculous and the ascetic within a traditional Graeco-Roman cultic framework. Christians saw these ungodly practices as a primary cause of economic and political crisis.

Q1: What group was accused of starting the Great Fire of 64 AD?
A1: Christians
Q2: Who made the accusation that the Christians had started the Great Fire?
A2: Emperor Nero
Q3: What outcome did the accusations against the Christians produce? 
A3: persecution
Q4: What was the persecution of the Christians by Rome?
A4: official policy
Q5: How did early Christians view traditional Roman cultism?
A5: ungodly practices
Genocide (History)

After the Holocaust, which had been perpetrated by the Nazi Germany and its allies prior to and during World War II, Lemkin successfully campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides. In 1946, the first session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution that "affirmed" that genocide was a crime under international law, but did not provide a legal definition of the crime. In 1948, the UN General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) which defined the crime of genocide for the first time.

Q1: In which war-era country was the Holocaust immortalized? 
A1: Nazi Germany
Q2: Following World War II, whose bid was successful in establishing the worldwide acceptance and the nascent legal definition of genocide?
A2: Lemkin
Q3: Which group convened officially for the first time in 1946?
A3: United Nations General Assembly
Q4: While recognizing genocide, what did the UN General Assembly fail to do in its resolution?
A4: provide a legal definition of the crime
Q5: In 1948, what general assembly resolution established genocide as a prosecutable act? 
A5: the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
Royal_assent (History)

After the House of Representatives has debated the law, it either approves it and sends it to the Senate with the text "The Second Chamber of the States General sends the following approved proposal of law to the First Chamber", or it rejects it and returns it to the government with the text "The Second Chamber of the States General has rejected the accompanying proposal of law." If the upper house then approves the law, it sends it back to the government with the text "To the King, The States General have accepted the proposal of law as it is offered here."

Q1: What text is written and sent to the Senate if the House approves of a law?
A1: "The Second Chamber of the States General sends the following approved proposal of law to the First Chamber"
Q2: What text is written and sent back to the government if a bill is rejected?
A2: The Second Chamber of the States General has rejected the accompanying proposal of law."
Q3: If the Senate approves the law after receiving it from the House, what is written and sent to the government?
A3: "To the King, The States General have accepted the proposal of law as it is offered here."
Korean_War (Warfare)

After the Incheon landing, the 1st Cavalry Division began its northward advance from the Pusan Perimeter. "Task Force Lynch" (after Lieutenant Colonel James H. Lynch), 3rd Battalion, 7th Cavalry Regiment, and two 70th Tank Battalion units (Charlie Company and the Intelligence–Reconnaissance Platoon) effected the "Pusan Perimeter Breakout" through 106.4 miles (171.2 km) of enemy territory to join the 7th Infantry Division at Osan. The X Corps rapidly defeated the KPA defenders around Seoul, thus threatening to trap the main KPA force in Southern Korea.

Q1: Whose nickname was 'Task Force Lynch'?
A1: Lieutenant Colonel James H. Lynch
Q2: What was the 106 mile push through enemy territory called?
A2: the "Pusan Perimeter Breakout"
Q3: Who was defeated near Seoul, Korea?
A3: the KPA
Queen_Victoria (History)

After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides. She wrote of "her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war", and insisted, urged on by Albert, that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state "should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration". At her behest, a reference threatening the "undermining of native religions and customs" was replaced by a passage guaranteeing religious freedom.

Q1: What year was the Indian Rebellion?
A1: 1857
Q2: What company was dissolved after the Indian Rebellion?
A2: British East India Company
Q3: What company ruled much of India before the end of the Indian Rebellion?
A3: British East India Company
Q4: Who did the Queen condemn in the Indian Rebellion?
A4: both sides
Q5: What ruler was dissolved after the Indian Rebellion in 1857?
A5: British East India Company
Q6: Who encouraged Victoria to issue an official statement on the conflict of the civil war in India? 
A6: Albert
Q7: What happened to the British possesions after the Rebellion of 1857? 
A7: were formally incorporated into the British Empire
Q8: What statement was replaced in her proclamation about the civil war? 
A8: a reference threatening the "undermining of native religions and customs"
Q9: Before 1857, who controlled most of India?
A9: British East India Company
Q10: What caused the British East India Company to lose control of India?
A10: the Indian Rebellion of 1857
Q11: What happened to the assets of the British East India Company after it was removed from power?
A11: formally incorporated into the British Empire
Q12: How did the Queen view the Indian Rebellion?
A12: relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides
Q13: What did Victoria believe that an official proclamation transferring control from the company to the monarchy would do?
A13: "should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration"
Dwight_D._Eisenhower (History)

After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Eisenhower was assigned to the General Staff in Washington, where he served until June 1942 with responsibility for creating the major war plans to defeat Japan and Germany. He was appointed Deputy Chief in charge of Pacific Defenses under the Chief of War Plans Division (WPD), General Leonard T. Gerow, and then succeeded Gerow as Chief of the War Plans Division. Next, he was appointed Assistant Chief of Staff in charge of the new Operations Division (which replaced WPD) under Chief of Staff General George C. Marshall, who spotted talent and promoted accordingly.

Q1: To what body was Eisenhower assigned after Pearl Harbor was attacked?
A1: General Staff in
Q2: Who headed the WPD before Eisenhower?
A2: Leonard T. Gerow
Q3: What body replaced the War Plans Division?
A3: Operations Division
Q4: What was Eisenhower's title in the Operations Division?
A4: Assistant Chief of Staff
Q5: Who was the Chief of Staff who promoted Eisenhower?
A5: George C. Marshall
Qing_dynasty (History)

After the Kangxi Emperor's death in the winter of 1722, his fourth son, Prince Yong (雍親王), became the Yongzheng Emperor. In the later years of Kangxi's reign, Yongzheng and his brothers had fought, and there were rumours that he had usurped the throne(most of the rumours believe that Yongzheng's brother Yingzhen (Kangxi's 14th son) is the real successor of Kangxi Emperor, the reason why Yingzhen failed to sit on the throne is because Yongzheng and his confidant Keduo Long tampered the content of Kangxi's testament at the night when Kangxi passed away), a charge for which there is little evidence. In fact, his father had trusted him with delicate political issues and discussed state policy with him. When Yongzheng came to power at the age of 45, he felt a sense of urgency about the problems which had accumulated in his father's later years and did not need instruction in how to exercise power. In the words of one recent historian, he was "severe, suspicious, and jealous, but extremely capable and resourceful," and in the words of another, turned out to be an "early modern state-maker of the first order."

Q1: When did Kangxi die?
A1: 1722
Q2: Who took Kangxi's place?
A2: Prince Yong
Q3: How old was Yongzheng when he took over?
A3: 45
Macintosh (Engineering and technology)

After the Lisa's announcement, John Dvorak discussed rumors of a mysterious "MacIntosh" project at Apple in February 1983. The company announced the Macintosh 128K—manufactured at an Apple factory in Fremont, California—in October 1983, followed by an 18-page brochure included with various magazines in December. The Macintosh was introduced by a US$1.5 million Ridley Scott television commercial, "1984". It most notably aired during the third quarter of Super Bowl XVIII on January 22, 1984, and is now considered a "watershed event" and a "masterpiece." Regis McKenna called the ad "more successful than the Mac itself." "1984" used an unnamed heroine to represent the coming of the Macintosh (indicated by a Picasso-style picture of the computer on her white tank top) as a means of saving humanity from the "conformity" of IBM's attempts to dominate the computer industry. The ad alludes to George Orwell's novel, Nineteen Eighty-Four, which described a dystopian future ruled by a televised "Big Brother."

Q1: Who discussed rumors of a mysterious "MacIntosh" project in 1983?
A1: John Dvorak
Q2: Where was the Macintosh 128K manufactured?
A2: Apple factory in Fremont, California
Q3: How much did the television commercial "1984" cost?
A3: US$1.5 million
Q4: What did the television commercial "1984" introduce?
A4: Macintosh 128K
Q5: What did Regis McKenna call the "1984" ad that was aired during the Super Bowl?
A5: "more successful than the Mac itself."
Armenia (History)

After the Marzpanate period (428–636), Armenia emerged as the Emirate of Armenia, an autonomous principality within the Arabic Empire, reuniting Armenian lands previously taken by the Byzantine Empire as well. The principality was ruled by the Prince of Armenia, and recognized by the Caliph and the Byzantine Emperor. It was part of the administrative division/emirate Arminiya created by the Arabs, which also included parts of Georgia and Caucasian Albania, and had its center in the Armenian city, Dvin. The Principality of Armenia lasted until 884, when it regained its independence from the weakened Arab Empire under King Ashot I Bagratuni.

Q1: When was the Marzpanate era?
A1: 428–636
Q2: Who ruled the Emirate of Armenia?
A2: Prince of Armenia
Q3: When did the Principality of Armenia end?
A3: 884
Q4: Under which ruler did the Principality of Armenia gain its independence?
A4: King Ashot I Bagratuni
Q5: Where was the Principality of Armenia centered?
A5: Dvin
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States (Language and literature)

After the Mexican War of Independence from Spain also, California, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, western Colorado and southwestern Wyoming became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California and most of New Mexico, western Texas, southern Colorado, southwestern Kansas, and Oklahoma panhandle were part of the territory of Santa Fe de Nuevo México. The geographical isolation and unique political history of this territory led to New Mexican Spanish differing notably from both Spanish spoken in other parts of the United States of America and Spanish spoken in the present-day United Mexican States.

Q1: When did other states become part of Mexico?
A1: After the Mexican War of Independence from Spain
Q2: What states made up of Alta California
A2: California, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, western Colorado and southwestern Wyoming became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California
Q3: What states were part of Santa Fe de Nuevo
A3: most of New Mexico, western Texas, southern Colorado, southwestern Kansas, and Oklahoma panhandle were part of the territory of Santa Fe de Nuevo México
Q4: Why is  there still Bilingual  spoken in these states?
A4: The geographical isolation and unique political history of this territory
States_of_Germany (Geography and places)

After the Nazi Party seized power in January 1933, the Länder increasingly lost importance. They became administrative regions of a centralised country. Three changes are of particular note: on January 1, 1934, Mecklenburg-Schwerin was united with the neighbouring Mecklenburg-Strelitz; and, by the Greater Hamburg Act (Groß-Hamburg-Gesetz), from April 1, 1937, the area of the city-state was extended, while Lübeck lost its independence and became part of the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein.

Q1: When did the Nazi Party seize power?
A1: January 1933
Q2: What happened to the Länder as they lost importance during the Nazi regime?
A2: They became administrative regions
Q3: on January 1, 1934, Mecklenburg-Schwerin was united with which state?
A3: Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Q4: When did the Greater Hamburg Act occur?
A4: April 1, 1937
Q5: Which Prussian province did Lübeck become a part of?
A5: Schleswig-Holstein
Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States (Social sciences and society)

After the Nixon administration, advancements in affirmative action became less prevalent. "During the brief Ford administration, affirmative action took a back seat, while enforcement stumbled along.":145 Equal rights was still an important subject to many Americans, yet the world was changing and new issues were being raised. People began to look at affirmative action as a glorified issue of the past and now there were other areas that needed focus. "Of all the triumphs that have marked this as America's Century –...none is more inspiring, if incomplete, than our pursuit of racial justice."

Q1: In terms of advancement, what happened to the progression of affirmative action after the Nixon administration?
A1: became less prevalent
Q2: What was one of the primary reasons that the issue of affirmative action lost its momentum?
A2: there were other areas that needed focus
Q3: Which administration allowed affirmative action to take a backseat to other issues?
A3: Ford
Josip_Broz_Tito (History)

After the Partisans managed to endure and avoid these intense Axis attacks between January and June 1943, and the extent of Chetnik collaboration became evident, Allied leaders switched their support from Draža Mihailović to Tito. King Peter II, American President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill joined Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin in officially recognising Tito and the Partisans at the Tehran Conference. This resulted in Allied aid being parachuted behind Axis lines to assist the Partisans. On 17 June 1944 on the Dalmatian island of Vis, the Treaty of Vis (Viški sporazum) was signed in an attempt to merge Tito's government (the AVNOJ) with the government in exile of King Peter II. The Balkan Air Force was formed in June 1944 to control operations that were mainly aimed at aiding his forces.

Q1: Who was attacking the Partisans in 1943?
A1: Axis
Q2: From whom did Allied leaders switch their support from to Tito?
A2: Draža Mihailović
Q3: Who was the Soviet Premier who recognized Tito?
A3: Stalin
Q4: At what event was Tito recognized by Stalin?
A4: Tehran Conference
Q5: When was the Balkan air force formed?
A5: 1944
Dutch_Republic (History)

After the Peace of Westphalia, several border territories were assigned to the United Provinces. They were federally-governed Generality Lands (Generaliteitslanden). They were Staats-Brabant (present North Brabant), Staats-Vlaanderen (present Zeeuws-Vlaanderen), Staats-Limburg (around Maastricht) and Staats-Oppergelre (around Venlo, after 1715).

Q1: Several border territories were designated to the United Provinces after what?
A1: the Peace of Westphalia
Q2: The border territories assigned to the United Provinces were known as what?
A2: federally-governed Generality Lands (Generaliteitslanden)
Q3: What were the names of the border territories assigned to the United Provinces?
A3: Staats-Brabant (present North Brabant), Staats-Vlaanderen (present Zeeuws-Vlaanderen), Staats-Limburg (around Maastricht) and Staats-Oppergelre (around Venlo, after 1715)
Zhejiang (Geography and places)

After the People's Republic of China took control of Mainland China in 1949, the Republic of China government based in Taiwan continued to control the Dachen Islands off the coast of Zhejiang until 1955, even establishing a rival Zhejiang provincial government there, creating a situation similar to Fujian province today. During the Cultural Revolution (1966–76), Zhejiang was in chaos and disunity, and its economy was stagnant, especially during the high tide (1966–69) of the revolution. The agricultural policy favoring grain production at the expense of industrial and cash crops intensified economic hardships in the province. Mao’s self-reliance policy and the reduction in maritime trade cut off the lifelines of the port cities of Ningbo and Wenzhou. While Mao invested heavily in railroads in interior China, no major railroads were built in South Zhejiang, where transportation remained poor.

Q1: When did the People's Republic of China take control of Mainland China?
A1: 1949
Q2: When did the Republic of China control the Dachen Islands until?
A2: 1955
Q3: When was the Cultural Revolution?
A3: 1966–76
Q4: When was the high tide of the Cultural Revolution?
A4: 1966–69
Q5: What production did the agricultural policy favor over industrial and cash crops?
A5: grain