LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Paris (Geography and places)

Paris was in its artistic prime in the 19th century and early 20th century, when it had a colony of artists established in the city and in art schools associated with some of the finest painters of the times: Manet, Monet, Berthe Morisot, Gauguin, Renoir and others. The French Revolution and political and social change in France had a profound influence on art in the capital. Paris was central to the development of Romanticism in art, with painters such as Gericault. Impressionism, Art Nouveau, Symbolism, Fauvism Cubism and Art Deco movements all evolved in Paris. In the late 19th century, many artists in the French provinces and worldwide flocked to Paris to exhibit their works in the numerous salons and expositions and make a name for themselves. Artists such as Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cézanne, Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Henri Rousseau, Marc Chagall, Amedeo Modigliani and many others became associated with Paris. Picasso, living in Montmartre, painted his famous La Famille de Saltimbanques and Les Demoiselles d'Avignon between 1905 and 1907. Montmartre and Montparnasse became centres for artistic production.

Q1: What type of art did Paris help develop with painters like Gericault?
A1: Romanticism
Q2: In what town did Picasso live?
A2: Montmartre
Q3: What two towns were pinnacle for artistic production?
A3: Montmartre and Montparnasse
Q4: Between what two years did Picasso paint La Famille de Saltimbanques and Les Demoiselles d'Avignon?
A4: 1905 and 1907
Paris (Geography and places)

Paris' disconnect with its suburbs, its lack of suburban transportation in particular, became all too apparent with the Paris agglomeration's growth. Paul Delouvrier promised to resolve the Paris-suburbs mésentente when he became head of the Paris region in 1961: two of his most ambitious projects for the Region were the construction of five suburban villes nouvelles ("new cities") and the RER commuter train network. Many other suburban residential districts (grands ensembles) were built between the 1960s and 1970s to provide a low-cost solution for a rapidly expanding population: these districts were socially mixed at first, but few residents actually owned their homes (the growing economy made these accessible to the middle classes only from the 1970s). Their poor construction quality and their haphazard insertion into existing urban growth contributed to their desertion by those able to move elsewhere and their repopulation by those with more limited possibilities.

Q1: When did Paul Delouvrier become the head of the Paris region?
A1: 1961
Q2: What was a major problem with Paris being disconnected from its suburbs?
A2: lack of suburban transportation
Q3: How many suburban villes nouvelles did Paul Delouvrier constuct?
A3: five
Paris (Geography and places)

Paris' manufacturing is mostly focused in its suburbs, and the city itself has only around 75,000 manufacturing workers, most of which are in the textile, clothing, leather goods and shoe trades. Paris region manufacturing specialises in transportation, mainly automobiles, aircraft and trains, but this is in a sharp decline: Paris proper manufacturing jobs dropped by 64 percent between 1990 and 2010, and the Paris region lost 48 percent during the same period. Most of this is due to companies relocating outside the Paris region. The Paris region's 800 aerospace companies employed 100,000. Four hundred automobile industry companies employ another 100,000 workers: many of these are centred in the Yvelines department around the Renault and PSA-Citroen plants (this department alone employs 33,000), but the industry as a whole suffered a major loss with the 2014 closing of a major Aulnay-sous-Bois Citroen assembly plant.

Q1: How many manufacturing workers does Paris have?
A1: 75,000
Q2: What does Paris region manufacturing specialize in?
A2: transportation
Q3: How much of a drop was there in manufacturing jobs between 1990 and 2010?
A3: 64
Q4: How many people does the Paris regions aerospace companies employ?
A4: 100,000
Q5: The closing of what plant in 20147 caused a major loss to the automobile industry?
A5: Aulnay-sous-Bois Citroen
Paris (Geography and places)

Paris' most popular sport clubs are the association football club Paris Saint-Germain F.C. and the rugby union club Stade Français. The 80,000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the commune of Saint-Denis. It is used for football, rugby union and track and field athletics. It hosts the French national football team for friendlies and major tournaments qualifiers, annually hosts the French national rugby team's home matches of the Six Nations Championship, and hosts several important matches of the Stade Français rugby team. In addition to Paris Saint-Germain FC, the city has a number of other amateur football clubs: Paris FC, Red Star, RCF Paris and Stade Français Paris.

Q1: How many seats are in the State de France?
A1: 80,000
Q2: What was the State de France built for?
A2: 1998 FIFA World Cup
Q3: What is the most popular football club in Paris?
A3: Paris Saint-Germain F.C.
Q4: What is the rugby club in Paris?
A4: Stade Français
Paris (Geography and places)

Paris' urbanism laws have been under strict control since the early 17th century, particularly where street-front alignment, building height and building distribution is concerned. In recent developments, a 1974-2010 building height limitation of 37 metres (121 ft) was raised to 50 m (160 ft) in central areas and 180 metres (590 ft) in some of Paris' peripheral quarters, yet for some of the city's more central quarters, even older building-height laws still remain in effect. The 210 metres (690 ft) Montparnasse tower was both Paris and France's tallest building until 1973, but this record has been held by the La Défense quarter Tour First tower in Courbevoie since its 2011 construction. A new project for La Defense, called Hermitage Plaza, launched in 2009, proposes to build two towers, 85 and 86 stories or 320 metres high, which would be the tallest buildings in the European Union, just slightly shorter than the Eiffel Tower. They were scheduled for completion in 2019 or 2020, but as of January 2015 construction had not yet begun, and there were questions in the press about the future of the project.

Q1: What is the current height limitation in Paris in central areas?
A1: 50 m
Q2: Until 1973, what was Paris; tallest building?
A2: Montparnasse
Q3: What is the name of the project for La Defense called that has not yet been started?
A3: Hermitage Plaza
Q4: When was the Hermitage Plaza launched?
A4: 2009
Q5: How many towers were planned to be built?
A5: two
Paris (Geography and places)

Parisian examples of European architecture date back more than a millennium; including the Romanesque church of the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés (1014-1163); the early Gothic Architecture of the Basilica of Saint-Denis (1144), the Notre Dame Cathedral (1163-1345), the Flamboyant Gothic of Saint Chapelle (1239-1248), the Baroque churches of Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis (1627-1641) and Les Invalides (1670-1708). The 19th century produced the neoclassical church of La Madeleine (1808-1842); the Palais Garnier Opera House (1875); the neo-Byzantine Basilica of Sacré-Cœur (1875-1919), and the exuberant Belle Époque modernism of the Eiffel Tower (1889). Striking examples of 20th century architecture include the Centre Georges Pompidou by Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano (1977), and the Louvre Pyramid by I.M. Pei (1989). Contemporary architecture includes the Musée du Quai Branly by Jean Nouvel (2006) and the new contemporary art museum of the Louis Vuitton Foundation by Frank Gehry (2014).

Q1: When was La Madeleine built?
A1: 1808-1842
Q2: When was teh Palais Garnier Opera House built?
A2: 1875
Q3: When was the Eiffel Tower built?
A3: 1889
Q4: Who built the art museum of the Louis Vuitton Foundation?
A4: Frank Gehry
Q5: Who built the Louvre Pyramid?
A5: I.M. Pei
Paris (Geography and places)

Parisians tend to share the same movie-going trends as many of the world's global cities, with cinemas primarily dominated by Hollywood-generated film entertainment. French cinema comes a close second, with major directors (réalisateurs) such as Claude Lelouch, Jean-Luc Godard, and Luc Besson, and the more slapstick/popular genre with director Claude Zidi as an example. European and Asian films are also widely shown and appreciated. On 2 February 2000, Philippe Binant realised the first digital cinema projection in Europe, with the DLP CINEMA technology developed by Texas Instruments, in Paris.

Q1: Who realied the first digital cinema projection in Europe?
A1: Philippe Binant
Q2: Who developed the technology for the digital cinema projection?
A2: Texas Instruments
Q3: What types of films are most popular in Paris?
A3: Hollywood-generated
Q4: When was the first digital cinema projection in Europe?
A4: 2 February 2000
Department_store (Social sciences and society)

Parkson enters by acquiring local brand Centro Department Store in 2011. Centro still operates for middle market while the 'Parkson' brand itself, positioned for middle-up segment, enters in 2014 by opening its first store in Medan, followed by its second store in Jakarta. Lotte, meanwhile, enters the market by inking partnership with Ciputra Group, creating what its called 'Lotte Shopping Avenue' inside the Ciputra World Jakarta complex, as well as acquiring Makro and rebranding it into Lotte Mart.

Q1: What store did Parkson buy in 2011? 
A1: Centro Department Store
Q2: Where did Centro open it's first store of 2014?
A2: Medan
Q3: Who did Lotte partner with? 
A3: Ciputra Group
Q4: Where is the "Lotte Shopping Avenue" located? 
A4: Ciputra World Jakarta complex
Q5: What was Makro re-labeled as after it's purchase? 
A5: Lotte Mart
Montevideo (Geography and places)

Parque Batlle (formerly: Parque de los Aliados, translation: "Park of the Allies") is a major public central park, located south of Avenida Italia and north of Avenue Rivera. Along with Parque Prado and Parque Rodó it is one of three large parks that dominate Montevideo. The park and surrounding area constitute one of the 62 neighbourhoods (barrios) of the city. The barrio of Parque Batlle is one of seven coastal barrios, the others being Buceo, Carrasco, Malvin, Pocitos, Punta Carretas, and Punta Gorda. The current barrio of Parque Battle includes four former districts: Belgrano, Italiano, Villa Dolores and Batlle Park itself and borders the neighbourhoods of La Blanqueada, Tres Cruces, Pocitos and Buceo. It has a high population density and most of its households are of medium-high- or high-income. Villa Dolores, a subdistrict of Parque Batlle, took its name from the original villa of Don Alejo Rossell y Rius and of Doña Dolores Pereira de Rossel. On their grounds, they started a private collection of animals that became a zoological garden and was passed to the city in 1919; in 1955 the Planetarium of Montevideo was built within its premises.

Q1: What major public central park is located south of Avenida Italia? 
A1: Parque Batlle
Q2: How many former districts does the current barrio of Parque Battle include? 
A2: four
Q3: What sub district of Parque Batlle took its name from the original villa of Don Alejo Rossell Y Rius?
A3: Villa Dolores
Montevideo (Geography and places)

Parque Batlle is named in honour of José Batlle y Ordóñez, President of Uruguay from 1911 to 1915. The park was originally proposed by an Act of March 1907, which also projected wide boulevards and avenues. French landscape architect, Carlos Thays, began the plantings in 1911. In 1918, the park was named Parque de los Aliados, following the victory of the Allies of World War I. On 5 May 1930, after significant expansion, it was again renamed as Parque Batlle y Ordóñez, in memory of the prominent politician and president, who had died in 1929. The park was designated a National Historic Monument Park in 1975. As of 2010[update], the park covers an area of 60 hectares (150 acres) and is considered the "lung" of the Montevideo city due to the large variety of trees planted here.

Q1: Parque Batlle is named in honor of who?
A1: José Batlle y Ordóñez
Q2: Jose Batile y Ordonez was president of where? 
A2: Uruguay
Q3: Between what years was Jose batlle y Ordonez president of Uruguay? 
A3: 1911 to 1915
Q4: Parque Batlle was originally proposed by what?
A4: an Act of March 1907
Montevideo (Geography and places)

Parque Rodó is both a barrio (neighbourhood) of Montevideo and a park which lies mostly outside the limits of the neighbourhood itself and belongs to Punta Carretas. The name "Rodó" commemorates José Enrique Rodó, an important Uruguayan writer whose monument is in the southern side of the main park. The park was conceived as a French-style city park. Apart from the main park area which is delimited by Sarmiento Avenue to the south, Parque Rodó includes an amusement park; the Estadio Luis Franzini, belonging to Defensor Sporting; the front lawn of the Faculty of Engineering and a strip west of the Club de Golf de Punta Carretas that includes the Canteras ("quarry") del Parque Rodó, the Teatro de Verano ("summer theatre") and the Lago ("lake") del Parque Rodó.

Q1: Parque Rodo belongs to who?
A1: Punta Carretas
Q2: What does the name "Rodo" commemorate? 
A2: José Enrique Rodó
Q3: Who was an important Uruguayan writer that is commemorated by Parque Rodo? 
A3: José Enrique Rodó
Q4: Parque Rodo was originally conceived as what?
A4: a French-style city park
Elevator (History)

Part of the Haunted Mansion attraction at Disneyland in Anaheim, California, and Disneyland in Paris, France, takes place on an elevator. The "stretching room" on the ride is actually an elevator that travels downwards, giving access to a short underground tunnel which leads to the rest of the attraction. The elevator has no ceiling and its shaft is decorated to look like walls of a mansion. Because there is no roof, passengers are able to see the walls of the shaft by looking up, which gives the illusion of the room stretching.

Q1:  The Haunted Mansion at Disneyland in California and the one in Paris, France sharewhat attribute?
A1: takes place on an elevator
Q2: What is the name of area that is really an elevator?
A2: The "stretching room"
Q3: What is included in the elevator's design?
A3: The elevator has no ceiling and its shaft is decorated to look like walls of a mansion
Q4: What is the illusion given by these effects?
A4: the illusion of the room stretching
Ottoman_Empire (History)

Part of the Ottoman territories in the Balkans (such as Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Kosovo) were temporarily lost after 1402 but were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s. On 10 November 1444, Murad II defeated the Hungarian, Polish, and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of Poland (also King of Hungary) and John Hunyadi at the Battle of Varna, the final battle of the Crusade of Varna, although Albanians under Skanderbeg continued to resist. Four years later, John Hunyadi prepared another army (of Hungarian and Wallachian forces) to attack the Turks but was again defeated by Murad II at the Second Battle of Kosovo in 1448.

Q1: Who recovered Ottoman empire territories in the Balkans in the 1430s to the 1450s?
A1: Murad II
Q2: On what date were the armies under Władysław III defeated by Murad II?
A2: 10 November 1444
Q3: Władysław III of Poland was also the king of what?
A3: Hungary
Q4: What battle took place on 10 November 1444?
A4: Battle of Varna
Q5: In what battle did Murad II leave as the victory in 1448?
A5: Second Battle of Kosovo
Crimean_War (History)

Part of the Russian resistance was credited[by whom?] to the deployment of newly invented blockade mines. Perhaps the most influential contributor to the development of naval mining was a Swede resident in Russia, the inventor and civil engineer Immanuel Nobel (the father of Alfred Nobel). Immanuel Nobel helped the Russian war effort by applying his knowledge of industrial explosives, such as nitroglycerin and gunpowder. One account dates modern naval mining from the Crimean War: "Torpedo mines, if I may use this name given by Fulton to self-acting mines underwater, were among the novelties attempted by the Russians in their defences about Cronstadt and Sevastopol", as one American officer put it in 1860.

Q1: What greatly benefited the Russian resistance?
A1: newly invented blockade mines
Q2: Who contributed the most to developing naval mining?
A2: Immanuel Nobel
Q3: Immanuel Noble had expensive knowledge in what field?
A3: industrial explosives
Q4: Who named the torpedo mines?
A4: Fulton
Q5: What was Immanuel Nobel son's name?
A5: Alfred Nobel
Phonology (Language and literature)

Part of the phonological study of a language therefore involves looking at data (phonetic transcriptions of the speech of native speakers) and trying to deduce what the underlying phonemes are and what the sound inventory of the language is. The presence or absence of minimal pairs, as mentioned above, is a frequently used criterion for deciding whether two sounds should be assigned to the same phoneme. However, other considerations often need to be taken into account as well.

Q1: What type of language study involves trying to deduce underlying phonomes?
A1: phonological
Q2: Aside from finding out what underlying phonemes are there what does the phonological study of a language try to find out about the language?
A2: sound inventory
Q3: What kind of speaker data does studying a language phonologically involve examining? 
A3: native
Hellenistic_period (History)

Parthia was a north-eastern Iranian satrapy of the Achaemenid empire which later passed on to Alexander's empire. Under the Seleucids, Parthia was governed by various Greek satraps such as Nicanor and Philip (satrap). In 247 BC, following the death of Antiochus II Theos, Andragoras, the Seleucid governor of Parthia, proclaimed his independence and began minting coins showing himself wearing a royal diadem and claiming kingship. He ruled until 238 BCE when Arsaces, the leader of the Parni tribe conquered Parthia, killing Andragoras and inaugurating the Arsacid Dynasty. Antiochus III recaptured Arsacid controlled territory in 209 BC from Arsaces II. Arsaces II sued for peace became a vassal of the Seleucids and it was not until the reign of Phraates I (168–165 BCE), that the Arsacids would again begin to assert their independence.

Q1: When did Andragoras proclaim his independence?
A1: 247 BC
Q2: When did Andragoras' reign end?
A2: 238 BCE
Q3: Who killed Andragoras?
A3: Arsaces
Q4: What tribe was Arsaces the leader of?
A4: Parni
Q5: When did Antiochus III regain territory from Arsaces II?
A5: 209 BC
Premier_League (Sports and recreation)

Participation in the Premier League by some Scottish or Irish clubs has sometimes been discussed, but without result. The idea came closest to reality in 1998, when Wimbledon received Premier League approval to relocate to Dublin, Ireland, but the move was blocked by the Football Association of Ireland. Additionally, the media occasionally discusses the idea that Scotland's two biggest teams, Celtic and Rangers, should or will take part in the Premier League, but nothing has come of these discussions.

Q1: Are there any clubs Scotland or Ireland in the Premier League?
A1: Participation in the Premier League by some Scottish or Irish clubs has sometimes been discussed, but without result.
Q2: Which team received permission to move to Dublin, Ireland in 1998?
A2: in 1998, when Wimbledon received Premier League approval to relocate to Dublin, Ireland,
Q3: Why didn't they move to Dublin?
A3: the move was blocked by the Football Association of Ireland.
Q4: What are Scotland's two largest teams?
A4: Scotland's two biggest teams, Celtic and Rangers,
Q5: Which team received Premier League approval to relocate to Dublin?
A5: Wimbledon
Q6: In which year did a Premier League team consider relocating to Ireland?
A6: 1998
Q7: Who occasionally discusses a Scottish team joining the Premier League?
A7: the media
Botany (Natural sciences)

Particularly since the mid-1960s there have been advances in understanding of the physics of plant physiological processes such as transpiration (the transport of water within plant tissues), the temperature dependence of rates of water evaporation from the leaf surface and the molecular diffusion of water vapour and carbon dioxide through stomatal apertures. These developments, coupled with new methods for measuring the size of stomatal apertures, and the rate of photosynthesis have enabled precise description of the rates of gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere. Innovations in statistical analysis by Ronald Fisher, Frank Yates and others at Rothamsted Experimental Station facilitated rational experimental design and data analysis in botanical research. The discovery and identification of the auxin plant hormones by Kenneth V. Thimann in 1948 enabled regulation of plant growth by externally applied chemicals. Frederick Campion Steward pioneered techniques of micropropagation and plant tissue culture controlled by plant hormones. The synthetic auxin 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or 2,4-D was one of the first commercial synthetic herbicides.

Q1: What is transpiration?
A1: the transport of water within plant tissues
Q2: What influences water evaporation on leaves?
A2: temperature
Q3: What influences the rate of gas produced by plants?
A3: rate of photosynthesis
Q4: What enables the regulation of plant growth?
A4: auxin plant hormones
Q5: What can auxin plant hormones also be used as?
A5: herbicides
Egypt (Geography and places)

Partly because of low sanitation coverage about 17,000 children die each year because of diarrhoea. Another challenge is low cost recovery due to water tariffs that are among the lowest in the world. This in turn requires government subsidies even for operating costs, a situation that has been aggravated by salary increases without tariff increases after the Arab Spring. Poor operation of facilities, such as water and wastewater treatment plants, as well as limited government accountability and transparency, are also issues.

Q1: Because of low sanitation coverage 17,000 Egyptian children to die each year from what condition?
A1: diarrhoea
Q2: Relative to other countries of world how do Egypts's water tariffs compare?
A2: among the lowest in the world
Q3: Due to low waer tariffs, what is required to maintain water treatment operation?
A3: government subsidies
Rajasthan (Geography and places)

Parts of what is now Rajasthan were part of the Indus Valley Civilization. Kalibangan, in Hanumangarh district, was a major provincial capital of the Indus Valley Civilization,. It is believed that Western Kshatrapas (405–35 BC) were Saka rulers of the western part of India (Saurashtra and Malwa: modern Gujarat, Southern Sindh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan). They were successors to the Indo-Scythians and were contemporaneous with the Kushans, who ruled the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. The Indo-Scythians invaded the area of Ujjain and established the Saka era (with their calendar), marking the beginning of the long-lived Saka Western Satraps state. Matsya, a state of the Vedic civilisation of India, is said to roughly corresponded to the former state of Jaipur in Rajasthan and included the whole of Alwar with portions of Bharatpur. The capital of Matsya was at Viratanagar (modern Bairat), which is said to have been named after its founder king Virata.

Q1: Some portions of Rajasthan were involved with what ancient civilization?
A1: the Indus Valley Civilization
Q2: In what Indus Valley Civilization district was Kalibangan within?
A2: Hanumangarh district
Q3: What were the Saka Rulers of Western India believed to be called?
A3: Western Kshatrapas
Q4: Over what time period were the Western Kshatrapas in power?
A4: 405–35 BC
Q5: The Kushans ruled what part of the Indian subcontinent?
A5: the northern part