LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
IPod (Engineering and technology)

Before the release of iOS 5, the iPod branding was used for the media player included with the iPhone and iPad, a combination of the Music and Videos apps on the iPod Touch. As of iOS 5, separate apps named "Music" and "Videos" are standardized across all iOS-powered products. While the iPhone and iPad have essentially the same media player capabilities as the iPod line, they are generally treated as separate products. During the middle of 2010, iPhone sales overtook those of the iPod.

Q1: Prior to iOS 5, how many apps were required to play music and videos on iPhone and iPad?
A1: one
Q2: In mid-2010, which Apple device had higher sales than iPod?
A2: iPhone
Q3: With what iOS release did Apple standardize media apps on all their products?
A3: iOS 5
Q4: In what year did iPhone sales surpass those of iPods?
A4: 2010
Q5: What are the titles of the standard media apps on current Apple devices?
A5: "Music" and "Videos"
Military_history_of_the_United_States (History)

Before the war, many observers believed the US and its allies could win but might suffer substantial casualties (certainly more than any conflict since Vietnam), and that the tank battles across the harsh desert might rival those of North Africa during World War II. After nearly 50 years of proxy wars, and constant fears of another war in Europe between NATO and the Warsaw Pact, some thought the Persian Gulf War might finally answer the question of which military philosophy would have reigned supreme. Iraqi forces were battle-hardened after 8 years of war with Iran, and they were well equipped with late model Soviet tanks and jet fighters, but the antiaircraft weapons were crippled; in comparison, the US had no large-scale combat experience since its withdrawal from Vietnam nearly 20 years earlier, and major changes in US doctrine, equipment and technology since then had never been tested under fire.

Q1: Some observers thought that the Persian Gulf War would have tank battles similar to what war?
A1: North Africa during World War II
Q2: What conflict was supposed to have provided Iraqi forces with battle experience?
A2: 8 years of war with Iran
Q3: What equipment did the Iraqi army possess?
A3: late model Soviet tanks and jet fighters
Q4: Prior to the Persian Gulf War, where and when was the last major American military conflict?
A4: Vietnam nearly 20 years earlier
Q5: What problem did the Iraqi forces have?
A5: the antiaircraft weapons were crippled
Daylight_saving_time (Engineering and technology)

Beginning and ending dates are roughly the reverse in the southern hemisphere. For example, mainland Chile observed DST from the second Saturday in October to the second Saturday in March, with transitions at 24:00 local time. The time difference between the United Kingdom and mainland Chile could therefore be five hours during the Northern summer, three hours during the Southern summer and four hours a few weeks per year because of mismatch of changing dates.

Q1: In the southern hemisphere, what aspect of DST is about the reverse of that of the northern hemisphere?
A1: Beginning and ending dates
Q2: At what local time does Chile change their clocks for DST?
A2: 24:00
Q3: What day of the week does DST begin and end in Chile?
A3: Saturday
Q4: In the Northern hemisphere's summer, what is the time difference between the UK and Chile?
A4: five hours
Q5: During what season in the Southern hemisphere is there a three-hour time difference between mainland Chile and the United Kingdom?
A5: summer
Guinea-Bissau (Geography and places)

Beginning around 2005, drug traffickers based in Latin America began to use Guinea-Bissau, along with several neighboring West African nations, as a transshipment point to Europe for cocaine. The nation was described by a United Nations official as being at risk for becoming a "narco-state". The government and the military have done little to stop drug trafficking, which increased after the 2012 coup d'état.

Q1: When did drug traffickers begin to use Guinea-Bissau?
A1: 2005
Q2: Where did the drug traffickers come from?
A2: Latin America
Q3: What was the final destination of the drugs going through Guinea-Bissau?
A3: Europe
Q4: Who described Guinea-Bissau as being at risk for becoming a "narco-state"?
A4: a United Nations official
Q5: Who has done little to stop drug trafficking in the country?
A5: The government and the military
Cotton (Natural sciences)

Beginning as a self-help program in the mid-1960s, the Cotton Research and Promotion Program (CRPP) was organized by U.S. cotton producers in response to cotton's steady decline in market share. At that time, producers voted to set up a per-bale assessment system to fund the program, with built-in safeguards to protect their investments. With the passage of the Cotton Research and Promotion Act of 1966, the program joined forces and began battling synthetic competitors and re-establishing markets for cotton. Today, the success of this program has made cotton the best-selling fiber in the U.S. and one of the best-selling fibers in the world.[citation needed]

Q1: What prompted a help program produced by cotton producers in the 1960s?
A1: decline in market share
Q2: What law was passed in 1966 to aid cotton producers?
A2: Cotton Research and Promotion Act
Q3: What type of competitors does the 1966 act help combat?
A3: synthetic competitors
Q4: Where has the Cotton Research and Promotion Act made cotton the best selling fiber?
A4: U.S.
Q5: What did producers of cotton have to re-establish after the market declined?
A5: markets for cotton
Kanye_West (Music)

Beginning his second effort that fall, West would invest two million dollars and take over a year to craft his second album. West was significantly inspired by Roseland NYC Live, a 1998 live album by English trip hop group Portishead, produced with the New York Philharmonic Orchestra. Early in his career, the live album had inspired him to incorporate string arrangements into his hip-hop production. Though West had not been able to afford many live instruments around the time of his debut album, the money from his commercial success enabled him to hire a string orchestra for his second album Late Registration. West collaborated with American film score composer Jon Brion, who served as the album's co-executive producer for several tracks. Although Brion had no prior experience in creating hip-hop records, he and West found that they could productively work together after their first afternoon in the studio where they discovered that neither confined his musical knowledge and vision to one specific genre. Late Registration sold over 2.3 million units in the United States alone by the end of 2005 and was considered by industry observers as the only successful major album release of the fall season, which had been plagued by steadily declining CD sales.

Q1: What kind of ensemble did Kanye hire to work on his second album?
A1: string orchestra
Q2: What composer worked alongside Kanye on the album's production?
A2: Jon Brion
Q3: What was the name of Kanye's second studio album?
A3: Late Registration
Q4: How many copies of Late Registration sold in its first year?
A4: 2.3 million
Q5: What English music group was an inspiration for Kanye West on his second album?
A5: Portishead
Q6: What was the name of West's second album?
A6: Late Registration
Q7: How many copies of Late Registration were sold in the United States?
A7: 2.3 million
Military_history_of_the_United_States (History)

Beginning in 1689, the colonies became involved in a series of wars between Great Britain and France for control of North America, the most important of which were Queen Anne's War, in which the British conquered French colony Acadia, and the final French and Indian War (1754–63) when Britain was victorious over all the French colonies in North America. This final war was to give thousands of colonists, including Virginia colonel George Washington, military experience which they put to use during the American Revolutionary War.

Q1: When did wars between Britain and France in North America start?
A1: 1689
Q2: What was the most important North American conflict between France and Britain called?
A2: Queen Anne's War
Q3: What French colony did Great Britain conquer in Queen Anne's War?
A3: Acadia
Q4: When was the final French and Indian War fought?
A4: 1754–63
Q5: What future American founding father fought in the French and Indian War?
A5: George Washington
Gramophone_record (Music)

Beginning in 1939, Dr. Peter Goldmark and his staff at Columbia Records and at CBS Laboratories undertook efforts to address problems of recording and playing back narrow grooves and developing an inexpensive, reliable consumer playback system. It took about eight years of study, except when it was suspended because of World War II. Finally, the 12-inch (30 cm) Long Play (LP) 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove record album was introduced by the Columbia Record Company at a New York press conference on June 18, 1948.

Q1: What caused a delay in the production of high quality records?
A1: World War II
Q2: Who released the 12 inch LP?
A2: Columbia Record Company
Q3: On what date was the 12 inch LP released?
A3: June 18, 1948
Q4: In what city was the 12 in LP released?
A4: New York
Q5: How long did it take Columbia to produce a consumer friendly long play record?
A5: about eight years
Nigeria (History)

Beginning in 1979, Nigerians participated in a brief return to democracy when Olusegun Obasanjo transferred power to the civilian regime of Shehu Shagari. The Shagari government became viewed as corrupt and incompetent by virtually all sectors of Nigerian society. The military coup of Muhammadu Buhari shortly after the regime's fraudulent re-election in 1984 was generally viewed as a positive development. Buhari promised major reforms, but his government fared little better than its predecessor. His regime was overthrown by another military coup in 1985.

Q1: Which Nigerian leader transferred power in 1979?
A1: Olusegun Obasanjo
Q2: Which Nigerian leader received power in 1979?
A2: Shehu Shagari
Q3: How did Nigerians view the Shagari administration?
A3: corrupt and incompetent
Q4: Who led a military coup against Shagari?
A4: Muhammadu Buhari
Q5: When did another military coup overthrow Buhari?
A5: 1985
Institute_of_technology (Engineering and technology)

Beginning in 2004 former Technikons have either been merged with traditional Universities to form Comprehensive Universities or have become Universities of Technology, however the Universities of Technology have not to date acquired all of the traditional rights and privileges of a University (such as the ability to confer a wide range of degrees).

Q1: When did Technikons start being integrated with traditional South African universities?
A1: 2004
CBC_Television (History)

Beginning in 2005, the CBC has contributed production funds for the BBC Wales revival of Doctor Who, for which it received a special credit at the end of each episode. This arrangement continued until the end of fourth season, broadcast in 2008. The CBC similarly contributed to the first season of the spin-off series, Torchwood. More recently, the network has also begun picking up Canadian rights to some Australian series, including the drama series Janet King and Love Child, and the comedy-drama series Please Like Me.

Q1: What year did the CBC begin contributing funds to the show Doctor Who?
A1: 2005
Q2: When did CBC end its Doctor Who contributions?
A2: the end of fourth season, broadcast in 2008
Q3: Which Doctor Who spinoff did CBC contribute to?
A3: Torchwood
Q4: Which Australian series has CBC taken interest in?
A4: Janet King and Love Child, and the comedy-drama series Please Like Me
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Beginning in April 1985, Madonna embarked on her first concert tour in North America, The Virgin Tour, with the Beastie Boys as her opening act. She progressed from playing CBGB and the Mudd Club to playing large sporting arenas. At that time she released two more hit singles from the album, "Angel" and "Dress You Up". In July, Penthouse and Playboy magazines published a number of nude photos of Madonna, taken in New York in 1978. She had posed for the photographs as she needed money at the time, and was paid as little as $25 a session. The publication of the photos caused a media uproar, but Madonna remained "unapologetic and defiant". The photographs were ultimately sold for up to $100,000. She referred to these events at the 1985 outdoor Live Aid charity concert, saying that she would not take her jacket off because "[the media] might hold it against me ten years from now."

Q1: When was Madonna's first concert tour in North America?
A1: Beginning in April 1985
Q2: Who were the opening act for Madonna's concert The Virgin tour?
A2: Beastie Boys
Q3: When did Madonna have nude photos taken of her in New York?
A3: 1978
Q4: How much was Madonna's nude photos were finally sold for?
A4: up to $100,000
Q5: When was the Live Aid Charity Concert held?
A5: 1985
FA_Cup (Sports and recreation)

Beginning in August, the competition proceeds as a knockout tournament throughout, consisting of twelve rounds, a semi-final and then a final, in May. A system of byes ensures clubs above Level 9 and 10 enter the competition at later stages. There is no seeding, the fixtures in each round being determined by a random draw. Prior to the semi-finals, fixtures ending in a tie are replayed once only. The first six rounds are qualifiers, with the draws organised on a regional basis. The next six rounds are the "proper" rounds where all clubs are in one draw.

Q1: When is the final?
A1: May
Q2: When do clubs above 9 enter? 
A2: clubs above Level 9 and 10 enter the competition at later stages
Q3: Is there seeding?
A3: There is no seeding,
Q4: What happens in the event of a tie?
A4: fixtures ending in a tie are replayed once only
Q5: What are the first 6 rounds? 
A5: The first six rounds are qualifiers
Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union (History)

Beginning in February 1988, the Democratic Movement of Moldova (formerly Moldavia) organized public meetings, demonstrations, and song festivals, which gradually grew in size and intensity. In the streets, the center of public manifestations was the Stephen the Great Monument in Chişinău, and the adjacent park harboring Aleea Clasicilor (The "Alee of the Classics [of the Literature]"). On January 15, 1988, in a tribute to Mihai Eminescu at his bust on the Aleea Clasicilor, Anatol Şalaru submitted a proposal to continue the meetings. In the public discourse, the movement called for national awakening, freedom of speech, revival of Moldavian traditions, and for attainment of official status for the Romanian language and return to the Latin alphabet. The transition from "movement" (an informal association) to "front" (a formal association) was seen as a natural "upgrade" once a movement gained momentum with the public, and the Soviet authorities no longer dared to crack down on it.

Q1: When did the Democratic Movement of Moldova start operating?
A1: February 1988
Q2: Which monument was a popular meeting place?
A2: Stephen the Great Monument
Q3: Where was the Stephen the Great Monument located?
A3: Chişinău
Q4: What did the movement seek to make the official language of Moldova?
A4: Romanian
Q5: What was Moldova's previous name?
A5: Moldavia
Protestantism (Philosophy and religion)

Beginning in first decade of the 15th century, Jan Hus—a Roman Catholic priest, Czech reformist and professor—influenced by John Wycliffe's writings, founded the Hussite movement. He strongly advocated his reformist Bohemian religious denomination. He was excommunicated and burned at the stake in Constance, Bishopric of Constance in 1415 by secular authorities for unrepentant and persistent heresy. After his execution, a revolt erupted. Hussites defeated five continuous crusades proclaimed against them by the Pope.

Q1: Who started the Hussite movement?
A1: Jan Hus
Q2: Whose words were an inspiration for Jan Hus?
A2: John Wycliffe
Q3: How many crusades were waged against the Hussites?
A3: five
Q4: Who called the crusades against the Hussites?
A4: the Pope
Q5: How did Jan Hus die?
A5: burned at the stake
IPod (Engineering and technology)

Beginning in mid-2007, four major airlines, United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates, reached agreements to install iPod seat connections. The free service will allow passengers to power and charge an iPod, and view video and music libraries on individual seat-back displays. Originally KLM and Air France were reported to be part of the deal with Apple, but they later released statements explaining that they were only contemplating the possibility of incorporating such systems.

Q1: In 2007, which airlines made deals to include iPod connections on their planes?
A1: United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates
Q2: Where can people using iPods on planes view the device's interface?
A2: individual seat-back displays
Q3: What are two airlines that considered implementing iPod connections but did not join the 2007 agreement?
A3: KLM and Air France
Q4: Which airlines first agreed to install seat connections for iPods?
A4: United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates
Q5: In what year did airlines first start to accommodate the iPod?
A5: 2007
Dutch_Republic (History)

Beginning in the 18th century, the situation changed from more or less active persecution of religious services to a state of restricted toleration of other religions, as long as their services took place secretly in private churches.

Q1: When did the active persecution of religious services become more of a restricted tolerance?
A1: in the 18th century
Q2: Religious services for other religions were tolerated as long as they adhered to what rule?
A2: as long as their services took place secretly in private churches
Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation (History)

Beginning in the 1940s and continuing into the 1970s, the bureau investigated cases of espionage against the United States and its allies. Eight Nazi agents who had planned sabotage operations against American targets were arrested, and six were executed (Ex parte Quirin) under their sentences. Also during this time, a joint US/UK code-breaking effort (the Venona project)—with which the FBI was heavily involved—broke Soviet diplomatic and intelligence communications codes, allowing the US and British governments to read Soviet communications. This effort confirmed the existence of Americans working in the United States for Soviet intelligence. Hoover was administering this project but failed to notify the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) until 1952. Another notable case is the arrest of Soviet spy Rudolf Abel in 1957. The discovery of Soviet spies operating in the US allowed Hoover to pursue his longstanding obsession with the threat he perceived from the American Left, ranging from Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA) union organizers to American liberals.

Q1: When did the FBI begin investigating espionage?
A1: 1940s
Q2: How many Nazis were arrested?
A2: Eight
Q3: What project broke Soviet codes?
A3: the Venona project
Q4: What agency did Hoover not tell about the code break and the discoveries gained from it?
A4: CIA
University_of_Kansas (Geography and places)

Beginning in the 2007–2008 academic year, first-time freshman at KU pay a fixed tuition rate for 48 months according to the Four-Year Tuition Compact passed by the Kansas Board of Regents. For the 2014–15 academic year, tuition was $318 per credit hour for in-state freshman and $828 for out-of-state freshmen. For transfer students, who do not take part in the compact, 2014–15 per-credit-hour tuition was $295 for in-state undergraduates and $785 for out-of-state undergraduates; subject to annual increases. Students enrolled in 6 or more credit hours also paid an annual required campus fee of $888. The schools of architecture, music, arts, business, education, engineering, journalism, law, pharmacy, and social welfare charge additional fees.

Q1: What was first instituted for first year students in the 2007-2008 school year?
A1: fixed tuition rate
Q2: For how long does the fixed rate of tuition last?
A2: 48 months
Q3: What was the edict approved by the Board of Regents that provided for the fixed tuition program?
A3: Four-Year Tuition Compact
Q4: How much did a student from outside of Kansas have to pay per course credit in 2014-15?
A4: $828
Q5: What is charged at KU's specialized professional schools?
A5: additional fees
Alfred_North_Whitehead (Philosophy and religion)

Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rather than material objects, and that processes are best defined by their relations with other processes, thus rejecting the theory that reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another. Today Whitehead's philosophical works – particularly Process and Reality – are regarded as the foundational texts of process philosophy.

Q1: What did Whitehead first study?
A1: mathematics
Q2: What was Whitehead's second area of study?
A2: philosophy
Q3: What was Whitehead's final area of study?
A3: metaphysics
Q4: What type of system did he develop?
A4: metaphysical
Q5: What did Whitehead argue reality consists of?
A5: processes
Q6: During which decade did Whitehead's focus start shifting away from mathematics?
A6: 1910s
Q7: After moving away from mathematics, what subjects did Whitehead explore?
A7: philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics
Q8: As opposed to physical objects, what did Whitehead believe reality is composed of?
A8: processes
Q9: What was the predominant theory of reality that Whitehead opposed?
A9: reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another
Q10: What book of Whitehead's is now considered a primary source of process philosophy?
A10: Process and Reality
Architecture (Art and architecture)

Beginning in the late 1950s and 1960s, architectural phenomenology emerged as an important movement in the early reaction against modernism, with architects like Charles Moore in the USA, Christian Norberg-Schulz in Norway, and Ernesto Nathan Rogers and Vittorio Gregotti in Italy, who collectively popularized an interest in a new contemporary architecture aimed at expanding human experience using historical buildings as models and precedents. Postmodernism produced a style that combined contemporary building technology and cheap materials, with the aesthetics of older pre-modern and non-modern styles, from high classical architecture to popular or vernacular regional building styles. Robert Venturi famously defined postmodern architecture as a "decorated shed" (an ordinary building which is functionally designed inside and embellished on the outside), and upheld it against modernist and brutalist "ducks" (buildings with unnecessarily expressive tectonic forms).

Q1: When was the start of the  architectural phenomenology movement?
A1: the late 1950s and 1960s
Q2: What was  architectural phenomenology reacting to?
A2: modernism
Q3: What were the architectural phenomenologists hoping to expand?
A3: human experience
Q4: Who called postmodern architecture a "decorated shed"?
A4: Robert Venturi
Q5: What term did Venturi use for brutalist and mondernist buildings?
A5: "ducks"