LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Nigeria (History)

Football is largely considered the Nigeria's national sport and the country has its own Premier League of football. Nigeria's national football team, known as the "Super Eagles", has made the World Cup on five occasions 1994, 1998, 2002, 2010, and most recently in 2014. In April 1994, the Super Eagles ranked 5th in the FIFA World Rankings, the highest ranking achieved by an African football team. They won the African Cup of Nations in 1980, 1994, and 2013, and have also hosted the U-17 & U-20 World Cup. They won the gold medal for football in the 1996 Summer Olympics (in which they beat Argentina) becoming the first African football team to win gold in Olympic Football.

Q1: Which years did Nigeria win the African Cup of Nations?
A1: 1980, 1994, and 2013
Q2: When did Nigeria win a Summer Olympics gold medal?
A2: 1996
Q3: What did Nigeria win a Summer Olympics gold medal for?
A3: football
Q4: What country did Nigeria beat to win a Summer Olympics gold medal?
A4: Argentina
Q5: What is Nigeria's national football team called?
A5: Super Eagles
Egypt (Geography and places)

Football is the most popular national sport of Egypt. The Cairo Derby is one of the fiercest derbies in Africa, and the BBC picked it as one of the 7 toughest derbies in the world. Al Ahly is the most successful club of the 20th century in the African continent according to CAF, closely followed by their rivals Zamalek SC. Al Ahly was named in 2000 by the Confederation of African Football as the "African Club of the Century". With twenty titles, Al Ahly is currently the world's most successful club in terms of international trophies, surpassing Italy's A.C. Milan and Argentina's Boca Juniors, both having eighteen.

Q1: What is the most popular sport in Egypt?
A1: Football
Q2: What is one of the toughest derbies in the world, run in Egypt?
A2: The Cairo Derby
Q3: In terms of international trophies, whos is the most successful club?
A3: Al Ahly
Somalis (Geography and places)

Football is the most popular sport amongst Somalis. Important competitions are the Somalia League and Somalia Cup. The multi-ethnic Ocean Stars, Somalia's national team, first participated at the Olympic Games in 1972 and has sent athletes to compete in most Summer Olympic Games since then. The equally diverse Somali beach soccer team also represents the country in international beach soccer competitions. In addition, several international footballers such as Mohammed Ahamed Jama, Liban Abdi, Ayub Daud and Abdisalam Ibrahim have played in European top divisions.

Q1: What sport do Somalis most enjoy?
A1: Football
Q2: What is the name of the Somali national football team?
A2: Ocean Stars
Q3: In what year did the Ocean Stars first compete in the Olympics?
A3: 1972
Q4: Along with Liban Abdi, Ayub Daud and Abdisalam Ibrahim, who is a notable Somali football player?
A4: Mohammed Ahamed Jama
Q5: Along with the Somalia Cup, what is an important Somali football competition?
A5: the Somalia League
Portugal (Geography and places)

Football is the most popular sport in Portugal. There are several football competitions ranging from local amateur to world-class professional level. The legendary Eusébio is still a major symbol of Portuguese football history. FIFA World Player of the Year winners Luís Figo and Cristiano Ronaldo who won the FIFA Ballon d'Or for 2013 and 2014, are among the numerous examples of other world-class football players born in Portugal and noted worldwide. Portuguese football managers are also noteworthy, with José Mourinho, André Villas-Boas, Fernando Santos, Carlos Queiroz and Manuel José among the most renowned.

Q1: What is the most popular sport in Portugal?
A1: Football
Q2: What is still a major symbol of Portuguese football history?
A2: Eusébio
Q3: Who are two examples of the top football players born in Portugal?
A3: Luís Figo and Cristiano Ronaldo
Q4: What award did both Luís Figo and Cristiano Ronaldo win?
A4: FIFA World Player of the Year
Q5: Who are some of the most renowned football managers in Portugal?
A5: José Mourinho, André Villas-Boas, Fernando Santos, Carlos Queiroz and Manuel José
Energy (Natural sciences)

For "closed systems" with no external source or sink of energy, the first law of thermodynamics states that a system's energy is constant unless energy is transferred in or out by mechanical work or heat, and that no energy is lost in transfer. This means that it is impossible to create or destroy energy. While heat can always be fully converted into work in a reversible isothermal expansion of an ideal gas, for cyclic processes of practical interest in heat engines the second law of thermodynamics states that the system doing work always loses some energy as waste heat. This creates a limit to the amount of heat energy that can do work in a cyclic process, a limit called the available energy. Mechanical and other forms of energy can be transformed in the other direction into thermal energy without such limitations. The total energy of a system can be calculated by adding up all forms of energy in the system.

Q1: How can the total energy of a system be calculated?
A1: by adding up all forms of energy in the system
Q2: The limit to the amount of heat energy that can do work in a cyclic process is known as what?
A2: available energy
Q3: What can be fully converted into work in a reversible isothermal expansion of an ideal gas?
A3: heat
Q4: What states that the system doing work always loses some energy as waste heat?
A4: second law of thermodynamics
Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census (Social sciences and society)

For 1890, the Census Office changed the design of the population questionnaire. Residents were still listed individually, but a new questionnaire sheet was used for each family. Additionally, this was the first year that the census distinguished between different East Asian races, such as Japanese and Chinese, due to increased immigration. This census also marked the beginning of the term "race" in the questionnaires. Enumerators were instructed to write "White," "Black," "Mulatto," "Quadroon," "Octoroon," "Chinese," "Japanese," or "Indian."

Q1: In what year was the term race first used in the U.S. Census?
A1: 1890
Q2: How often was a new questionnaire sheet used in the 1890 census?
A2: for each family
Q3: How were residents listed in the census in 1890?
A3: individually
Q4: Why were different East Asian races divided in 1890 Census?
A4: increased immigration
Brigham_Young_University (Philosophy and religion)

For 2016, U.S. News & World Report ranked BYU as tied for 66th for national universities in the United States. A 2013 Quarterly Journal of Economics study of where the nation's top high school students choose to enroll ranked BYU No. 21 in its peer-reviewed study. The Princeton Review has ranked BYU the best value for college in 2007, and its library is consistently ranked in the nation's top ten — No. 1 in 2004 and No. 4 in 2007. BYU is also ranked No. 19 in the U.S. News and World Report's "Great Schools, Great Prices" lineup, and No. 12 in lowest student-incurred debt. Due in part to the school's emphasis on undergraduate research, in rankings for 2008-2009, BYU was ranked No. 10 nationally for the number of students who go on to earn PhDs, No. 1 nationally for students who go on to dental school, No. 6 nationally for students who go on to law school, and No. 10 nationally for students who go on to medical school. BYU is designated as a research university with high research activity by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.]] Forbes Magazine ranked it as the No. 1 "Top University to Work For in 2014" and as the best college in Utah.

Q1: Who ranked BYU as the best college in Utah?
A1: Forbes Magazine
Q2: Who designated BYU as having high research activity?
A2: Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching
Q3: Who ranked BYU the vest value for college in 2007?
A3: The Princeton Review
Q4: Where was BYU  ranked No. 12 in schools with the lowest student-incurred debt?
A4: U.S. News and World Report's "Great Schools, Great Prices" lineup
Q5: In 2008-2009, how was BYU ranked nationally for the number of students who go on to earn PhDs?
A5: No. 10
Warsaw_Pact (History)

For 36 years, NATO and the Warsaw Pact never directly waged war against each other in Europe; the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies implemented strategic policies aimed at the containment of each other in Europe, while working and fighting for influence within the wider Cold War on the international stage.

Q1: What was the focus of both alliances' policies towards the other in lieu of direct fighting?
A1: containment
Q2: Which continent was considered to be at the center of NATO/Warsaw Pact intrigues?
A2: Europe
Multiracial_American (History)

For African Americans, the one-drop rule was a significant factor in ethnic solidarity. African Americans generally shared a common cause in society regardless of their multiracial admixture, or social/economic stratification. Additionally, African Americans found it, near, impossible to learn about their Indigenous American heritage as many family elders withheld pertinent genealogical information. Tracing the genealogy of African Americans can be a very difficult process, especially for descendants of Indigenous Americans, because African Americans who were slaves were forbidden to learn to read and write, and a majority of Indigenous Americans neither spoke English, nor read or wrote it.

Q1: What brought African Americans together?
A1: the one-drop rule
Q2: Who made it next to impossible to learn about their heritage for African Americans?
A2: family elders
Q3: Slaves were not allowed to do what?
A3: to learn to read and write
Q4: What did Indigenous Americans not do that makes it difficult to trace their heritage?
A4: spoke English, nor read or wrote it
Q5: What factors did not affect racial solidarity amoung African Americans?
A5: their multiracial admixture, or social/economic stratification
Dominican_Order (Philosophy and religion)

For English Dominican mystics, the mystical experience was not expressed just in one moment of the full knowledge of God, but in the journey of, or process of, faith. This then led to an understanding that was directed toward an experiential knowledge of divinity. It is important to understand, however, that for these mystics it was possible to pursue mystical life without the visions and voices that are usually associated with such a relationship with God. They experienced a mystical process that allowed them, in the end, to experience what they had already gained knowledge of through their faith only.

Q1: What was so important to English mystics?
A1: the journey of, or process of, faith
Q2: The process of faith leads one to what?
A2: knowledge of divinity
Q3: What did the English Dominican mystics not require in their work?
A3: visions and voices
Q4: What did the English Order of Dominicans believe was the only thing they needed?
A4: faith
Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact (History)

For Germany, because an autarkic economic approach or an alliance with Britain were impossible, closer relations with the Soviet Union to obtain raw materials became necessary, if not just for economic reasons alone. Moreover, an expected British blockade in the event of war would create massive shortages for Germany in a number of key raw materials. After the Munich agreement, the resulting increase in German military supply needs and Soviet demands for military machinery, talks between the two countries occurred from late 1938 to March 1939. The third Soviet Five Year Plan required new infusions of technology and industrial equipment.[clarification needed] German war planners had estimated serious shortfalls of raw materials if Germany entered a war without Soviet supply.

Q1: During conflict, what would prevent transport of materials?
A1: British blockade
Q2: Between german and the soviet union which country needed military machinery? 
A2: military machinery
Q3: Who believed they needed a supply line from the Soviet Union to sustain another war? 
A3: Germany
Friedrich_Hayek (Social sciences and society)

For Hayek, the supposedly stark difference between authoritarianism and totalitarianism has much importance and Hayek places heavy weight on this distinction in his defence of transitional dictatorship. For example, when Hayek visited Venezuela in May 1981, he was asked to comment on the prevalence of totalitarian regimes in Latin America. In reply, Hayek warned against confusing "totalitarianism with authoritarianism," and said that he was unaware of "any totalitarian governments in Latin America. The only one was Chile under Allende". For Hayek, however, the word 'totalitarian' signifies something very specific: the want to “organize the whole of society” to attain a “definite social goal” —which is stark in contrast to “liberalism and individualism”.

Q1: Hayek believed that authoritarianism was very different from what?
A1: totalitarianism
Q2: What country did Hayek arrive in where he provided his disctinction between totalitarianism and authoritarianism?
A2: Venezuela
Q3: What did Hayek believe to be absent from Latin America?
A3: totalitarian governments
Q4: What is Hayek's definition of totalitarian?
A4: the want to “organize the whole of society” to attain a “definite social goal”
Architecture (Art and architecture)

For Ruskin, the aesthetic was of overriding significance. His work goes on to state that a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned". For Ruskin, a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building needed string courses or rustication, at the very least.

Q1: Does Ruskin believe all buildings are works of architecture?
A1: not
Q2: What was most significant in architecture according to Ruskin?
A2: the aesthetic
Q3: To be true architecture in Ruskin's opinion what should be done to a structure?
A3: it is in some way "adorned"
Q4: What features at minimum did Ruskin insist on for a building to be considered functional?
A4: string courses or rustication
Alfred_North_Whitehead (Philosophy and religion)

For Whitehead the core of religion was individual. While he acknowledged that individuals cannot ever be fully separated from their society, he argued that life is an internal fact for its own sake before it is an external fact relating to others. His most famous remark on religion is that "religion is what the individual does with his own solitariness ... and if you are never solitary, you are never religious." Whitehead saw religion as a system of general truths that transformed a person's character. He took special care to note that while religion is often a good influence, it is not necessarily good – an idea which he called a "dangerous delusion" (e.g., a religion might encourage the violent extermination of a rival religion's adherents).

Q1: What did Whitehead believe was the basis of religion?
A1: individual
Q2: What is Whitehead's most famous statement on religion?
A2: "religion is what the individual does with his own solitariness ... and if you are never solitary, you are never religious."
Q3: How did Whitehead define religion?
A3: a system of general truths that transformed a person's character
Q4: How did Whitehead define "dangerous delusion" as it relates to religion?
A4: while religion is often a good influence, it is not necessarily good
Guinea-Bissau (Geography and places)

For a brief period in the 1790s, the British tried to establish a rival foothold on an offshore island, at Bolama. But by the 19th century the Portuguese were sufficiently secure in Bissau to regard the neighbouring coastline as their own special territory, also up north in part of present South Senegal.

Q1: Who tried to establish a rival foothold at Bolama?
A1: the British
Q2: When was a rival foothold  attempted at Bolama?
A2: the 1790s
Q3: Who regarded Bolama as their own in the 19th century?
A3: the Portuguese
Q4: What other area did the Portuguese regard as their special territory?
A4: part of present South Senegal
Q5: What rival did the Portuguese fend off in Guinea-Bissau?
A5: the British
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 (History)

For a variety of reasons, market participants did not accurately measure the risk inherent with financial innovation such as MBS and CDOs or understand its impact on the overall stability of the financial system. For example, the pricing model for CDOs clearly did not reflect the level of risk they introduced into the system. Banks estimated that $450bn of CDO were sold between "late 2005 to the middle of 2007"; among the $102bn of those that had been liquidated, JPMorgan estimated that the average recovery rate for "high quality" CDOs was approximately 32 cents on the dollar, while the recovery rate for mezzanine CDO was approximately five cents for every dollar.

Q1: What did market participants fail to measure accurately?
A1: risk inherent with financial innovation
Q2: What are the reasons market participants did not understand the impact financial innovation products would have?
A2: a variety of reasons
Q3: How much did JPMorgan estimate was the average recovery rate for high quality CDOs that had been liquidated?
A3: approximately 32 cents on the dollar
Q4: How much did JPMorgan estimate was the average recovery rate for mezzanine CDOs that had been liquidated?
A4: approximately five cents for every dollar
Q5: How much did banks estimate was the value of CDOs sold between late 2005 to the middle of 2007?
A5: $450bn
Mexico_City (Geography and places)

For administrative purposes, the Federal District is divided into 16 "delegaciones" or boroughs. While not fully equivalent to a municipality, the 16 boroughs have gained significant autonomy, and since 2000 their heads of government are elected directly by plurality (they were previously appointed by the head of government of the Federal District). Given that Mexico City is organized entirely as a Federal District, most of the city services are provided or organized by the Government of the Federal District and not by the boroughs themselves, while in the constituent states these services would be provided by the municipalities. The 16 boroughs of the Federal District with their 2010 populations are:

Q1: How many boroughs make up Mexico City?
A1: 16
Q2: How are the heads of the boroughs elected?
A2: plurality
Q3: How were the heads of the boroughs originally established? 
A3: appointed by the head of government of the Federal District
Q4: Who provides the city services?
A4: Government of the Federal District
Q5: When did election of borough heads begin?
A5: 2000
Capacitor (Engineering and technology)

For air dielectric capacitors the breakdown field strength is of the order 2 to 5 MV/m; for mica the breakdown is 100 to 300 MV/m; for oil, 15 to 25 MV/m; it can be much less when other materials are used for the dielectric. The dielectric is used in very thin layers and so absolute breakdown voltage of capacitors is limited. Typical ratings for capacitors used for general electronics applications range from a few volts to 1 kV. As the voltage increases, the dielectric must be thicker, making high-voltage capacitors larger per capacitance than those rated for lower voltages. The breakdown voltage is critically affected by factors such as the geometry of the capacitor conductive parts; sharp edges or points increase the electric field strength at that point and can lead to a local breakdown. Once this starts to happen, the breakdown quickly tracks through the dielectric until it reaches the opposite plate, leaving carbon behind and causing a short (or relatively low resistance) circuit. The results can be explosive as the short in the capacitor draws current from the surrounding circuitry and dissipates the energy.

Q1: What order is the breakdown field strength for air dielectric capacitors of?
A1: of the order 2 to 5 MV/m
Q2: Of what order is the breakdown field strength for mica dielectric capacitors?
A2: 100 to 300 MV/m
Q3: In what way is the dielectric used in order to cause the absolute breakdown voltage of capacitors to be limited?
A3: The dielectric is used in very thin layers
Q4: What is one factor that critically affects the breakdown voltage of the capacitor?
A4: the geometry of the capacitor conductive parts
Q5: What is the difference in the physical attributes of the dielectric used in high voltage capacitors compared to low voltage capacitors?
A5: the dielectric must be thicker
IPod (Engineering and technology)

For all iPods released in 2006 and earlier, some equalizer (EQ) sound settings would distort the bass sound far too easily, even on undemanding songs. This would happen for EQ settings like R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster, because the equalizer amplified the digital audio level beyond the software's limit, causing distortion (clipping) on bass instruments.

Q1: What acoustic element could be distorted by different audio settings in iPods prior to 2007?
A1: Bass
Q2: Name four sound profiles that would result in bass distortion on pre-2007 iPods.
A2: R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster
Q3: What specific problem caused the issue with bass distortion?
A3: clipping
Q4: iPods released before what year had issues with distorted bass?
A4: 2006
Q5: What EQ settings were known to have issues with bass distortion?
A5: R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster
American_Idol (Music)

For an unprecedented eight consecutive years, from the 2003–04 television season through the 2010–11 season, either its performance or result show had been ranked number one in U.S. television ratings. The popularity of American Idol however declined, and on May 11, 2015, Fox announced that the series would conclude its run in its fifteenth season.

Q1: What year did FOX announce that American Idol was cancelled?
A1: 2015
Q2: What year did FOX announce the cancellation of American Idol?
A2: 2015
Q3: For how many seasons did American Idol air? 
A3: 15
Q4: How many consecutive years did American Idol been ranked number one in ratings?
A4: eight
Q5: When did Fox announce that American Idol is ending?
A5: May 11, 2015
Brain (Natural sciences)

For any animal, survival requires maintaining a variety of parameters of bodily state within a limited range of variation: these include temperature, water content, salt concentration in the bloodstream, blood glucose levels, blood oxygen level, and others. The ability of an animal to regulate the internal environment of its body—the milieu intérieur, as pioneering physiologist Claude Bernard called it—is known as homeostasis (Greek for "standing still"). Maintaining homeostasis is a crucial function of the brain. The basic principle that underlies homeostasis is negative feedback: any time a parameter diverges from its set-point, sensors generate an error signal that evokes a response that causes the parameter to shift back toward its optimum value. (This principle is widely used in engineering, for example in the control of temperature using a thermostat.)

Q1: Homeostasis is defined as what?
A1: The ability of an animal to regulate the internal environment of its body
Q2: Homeostasis is Greek for what phrase?
A2: "standing still"
Q3: The milieu interieur term was used by what physiologist?
A3: Claude Bernard
Q4: Homeostasis is like what household tool?
A4: a thermostat.
Group_(mathematics) (Mathematics)

For any prime number p, there is also the multiplicative group of integers modulo p. Its elements are the integers 1 to p − 1. The group operation is multiplication modulo p. That is, the usual product is divided by p and the remainder of this division is the result of modular multiplication. For example, if p = 5, there are four group elements 1, 2, 3, 4. In this group, 4 · 4 = 1, because the usual product 16 is equivalent to 1, which divided by 5 yields a remainder of 1. for 5 divides 16 − 1 = 15, denoted

Q1: What term describes the group of integers related to a prime number?
A1: modulo p
Q2: What integers are included in modulo p?
A2: 1 to p − 1
Q3: How many group elements exist if p=5?
A3: four group elements