LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Miami (Geography and places)

This was also a period of alternatives to nightclubs, the warehouse party, acid house, rave and outdoor festival scenes of the late 1980s and early 1990s were havens for the latest trends in electronic dance music, especially house and its ever-more hypnotic, synthetic offspring techno and trance, in clubs like the infamous Warsaw Ballroom better known as Warsaw and The Mix where DJs like david padilla (who was the resident DJ for both) and radio. The new sound fed back into mainstream clubs across the country. The scene in SoBe, along with a bustling secondhand market for electronic instruments and turntables, had a strong democratizing effect, offering amateur, "bedroom" DJs the opportunity to become proficient and popular as both music players and producers, regardless of the whims of the professional music and club industries. Some of these notable DJs are John Benetiz (better known as JellyBean Benetiz), Danny Tenaglia, and David Padilla.

Q1: Who was the Warsaw Ballroom's house DJ?
A1: david padilla
Q2: By what other name is John Benetiz known?
A2: JellyBean Benetiz
Q3: In what area of Miami is there a notable secondhand turntable market?
A3: SoBe
Qing_dynasty (History)

This was followed by the creation of the first two Han Banners in 1637 (increasing to eight in 1642). Together these military reforms enabled Hong Taiji to resoundingly defeat Ming forces in a series of battles from 1640 to 1642 for the territories of Songshan and Jinzhou. This final victory resulted in the surrender of many of the Ming dynasty's most battle-hardened troops, the death of Yuan Chonghuan at the hands of the Chongzhen Emperor (who thought Yuan had betrayed him), and the complete and permanent withdrawal of the remaining Ming forces north of the Great Wall.

Q1: When were the first couple Han Banners founded?
A1: 1637
Q2: When did the Han Banners grow to eight?
A2: 1642
Q3: Which leader defeated the Ming armies?
A3: Hong Taiji
Q4: Who killed Yuan Chonghuan?
A4: Chongzhen Emperor
Q5: Where did the Ming armies retreat to?
A5: north of the Great Wall
American_Idol (Music)

This was the first season where the contestants were permitted to perform in the final rounds songs they wrote themselves. In the Top 8, Sam Woolf received the fewest votes, but he was saved from elimination by the judges. The 500th episode of the series was the Top 3 performance night.

Q1: Which contestant was saved by the judges after getting the least votes on season 13 of American Idol?
A1: Sam Woolf
Q2: At what point in season 13 did American Idol air its 500th show?
A2: Top 3 performance night
Q3: Contestants could perform what in the final rounds for the first time ever?
A3: songs they wrote themselves
Q4: Who received the Judges' Save this season?
A4: Sam Woolf
Q5: When did the judges use their save on Woolf?
A5: Top 8
Q6: What episode was the 500th of the entire series?
A6: Top 3 performance night
Alfred_North_Whitehead (Philosophy and religion)

This work has been pioneered by John B. Cobb, Jr., whose book Is It Too Late? A Theology of Ecology (1971) was the first single-authored book in environmental ethics. Cobb also co-authored a book with economist Herman Daly entitled For the Common Good: Redirecting the Economy toward Community, the Environment, and a Sustainable Future (1989), which applied Whitehead's thought to economics, and received the Grawemeyer Award for Ideas Improving World Order. Cobb followed this with a second book, Sustaining the Common Good: A Christian Perspective on the Global Economy (1994), which aimed to challenge "economists' zealous faith in the great god of growth."

Q1: What was the first book on environmental ethics by an individual author?
A1: Is It Too Late? A Theology of Ecology
Q2: On which economics book did Cobb collaborate with Herman Daly?
A2: For the Common Good: Redirecting the Economy toward Community, the Environment, and a Sustainable Future
Q3: What award did Cobb and Daly receive for the book?
A3: Grawemeyer Award for Ideas Improving World Order
Q4: What other economics book did Cobb go on to author?
A4: Sustaining the Common Good: A Christian Perspective on the Global Economy
Q5: What was the goal of Cobb's second book on economics?
A5: to challenge "economists' zealous faith in the great god of growth."
The_Times (History)

Thomas Barnes was appointed general editor in 1817. In the same year, the paper's printer James Lawson, died and passed the business onto his son John Joseph Lawson(1802–1852). Under the editorship of Barnes and his successor in 1841, John Thadeus Delane, the influence of The Times rose to great heights, especially in politics and amongst the City of London. Peter Fraser and Edward Sterling were two noted journalists, and gained for The Times the pompous/satirical nickname 'The Thunderer' (from "We thundered out the other day an article on social and political reform."). The increased circulation and influence of the paper was based in part to its early adoption of the steam-driven rotary printing press. Distribution via steam trains to rapidly growing concentrations of urban populations helped ensure the profitability of the paper and its growing influence.

Q1: Who was appointed general editor for The Times in 1817?
A1: Thomas Barnes
Q2: In 1817, The Times paper's printer James Lawson passed his business to which family member?
A2: his son
Q3: Peter Fraser and Edward Sterling, two noted The Times journalists, gained what nickname for themselves?
A3: The Thunderer
Q4: What kind of printing press helped increase the circulation and influence of The Times back in 1817?
A4: steam-driven rotary printing press
Q5: Who succeeded Thomas Barnes as editor of The Times in 1841?
A5: John Thadeus Delane
Idealism (Philosophy and religion)

Thomas Davidson taught a philosophy called "apeirotheism", a "form of pluralistic idealism...coupled with a stern ethical rigorism" which he defined as "a theory of Gods infinite in number." The theory was indebted to Aristotle's pluralism and his concepts of Soul, the rational, living aspect of a living substance which cannot exist apart from the body because it is not a substance but an essence, and nous, rational thought, reflection and understanding. Although a perennial source of controversy, Aristotle arguably views the latter as both eternal and immaterial in nature, as exemplified in his theology of unmoved movers. Identifying Aristotle's God with rational thought, Davidson argued, contrary to Aristotle, that just as the soul cannot exist apart from the body, God cannot exist apart from the world.

Q1: What was the name of the philosophy preached by Thomas Davidson?
A1: apeirotheism
Q2: What type of idealism was Thomas Davidson's philosophy?
A2: pluralistic
Q3: According to Davidson, how many gods are there?
A3: infinite
Q4: By whose philosophy was Davidson influenced?
A4: Aristotle
Q5: What did Davidson believe the God of Aristotle is synonymous with?
A5: rational thought
Incandescent_light_bulb (Engineering and technology)

Thomas Edison began serious research into developing a practical incandescent lamp in 1878. Edison filed his first patent application for "Improvement In Electric Lights" on 14 October 1878. After many experiments, first with carbon in the early 1880s and then with platinum and other metals, in the end Edison returned to a carbon filament. The first successful test was on 22 October 1879, and lasted 13.5 hours. Edison continued to improve this design and by 4 November 1879, filed for a US patent for an electric lamp using "a carbon filament or strip coiled and connected ... to platina contact wires." Although the patent described several ways of creating the carbon filament including using "cotton and linen thread, wood splints, papers coiled in various ways," Edison and his team later discovered that a carbonized bamboo filament could last more than 1200 hours. In 1880, the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company steamer, Columbia, became the first application for Edison's incandescent electric lamps (it was also the first ship to execute use of a dynamo).

Q1: When did Edison begin research into incandescent lighting?
A1: 1878
Q2: With what material did Edison make his first filament?
A2: carbon
Q3: How long did Edison's light burn during his first successful test in 1879?
A3: 13.5 hours
Q4: What type of wood did Edison use in his improved filament?
A4: bamboo
Q5: What was the name of the first ship to use Edison's lamp?
A5: Columbia
IBM (History)

Thomas J. Watson, Sr., fired from the National Cash Register Company by John Henry Patterson, called on Flint and, in 1914, was offered CTR. Watson joined CTR as General Manager then, 11 months later, was made President when court cases relating to his time at NCR were resolved. Having learned Patterson's pioneering business practices, Watson proceeded to put the stamp of NCR onto CTR's companies. He implemented sales conventions, "generous sales incentives, a focus on customer service, an insistence on well-groomed, dark-suited salesmen and had an evangelical fervor for instilling company pride and loyalty in every worker". His favorite slogan, "THINK", became a mantra for each company's employees. During Watson's first four years, revenues more than doubled to $9 million and the company's operations expanded to Europe, South America, Asia and Australia. "Watson had never liked the clumsy hyphenated title of the CTR" and chose to replace it with the more expansive title "International Business Machines". First as a name for a 1917 Canadian subsidiary, then as a line in advertisements. For example, the McClures magazine, v53, May 1921, has a full page ad with, at the bottom:

Q1: In what year did Thomas J. Watson, Sr. join CTR?
A1: 1914
Q2: Thomas J. Watson Sr. was fired from what company?
A2: National Cash Register Company
Q3: What was the favorite slogan of Thomas J. Watson Sr.?
A3: THINK
Q4: The revenues did what under the first 4 years of Watson being president?
A4: more than doubled to $9 million
Q5: The name International Business Machines was first used in what year?
A5: 1917
Political_corruption (Social sciences and society)

Thomas Jefferson observed a tendency for "The functionaries of every government ... to command at will the liberty and property of their constituents. There is no safe deposit [for liberty and property] ... without information. Where the press is free, and every man able to read, all is safe."

Q1: According to Thomas Jefferson, when the media is free and people are literate they are what?
A1: safe
Spectre_(2015_film) (Media and drama)

Thomas Newman returned as Spectre's composer. Rather than composing the score once the film had moved into post-production, Newman worked during filming. The theatrical trailer released in July 2015 contained a rendition of John Barry's On Her Majesty's Secret Service theme. Mendes revealed that the final film would have more than one hundred minutes of music. The soundtrack album was released on 23 October 2015 in the UK and 6 November 2015 in the USA on the Decca Records label.

Q1: Who wrote the music for Spectre?
A1: Thomas Newman
Q2: When was the soundtrack of Spectre first available for purchase in the UK?
A2: 23 October 2015
Q3: What company published the Spectre soundtrack?
A3: Decca Records
Q4: Who composed the score for the film?
A4: Thomas Newman
Q5: Which record label was the soundtrack album released on?
A5: Decca Records
Q6: Did Thomas Newman compose the score after filming or during filming?
A6: during filming.
Q7: When was the theatrical trailer of the movie released?
A7: July 2015
Professional_wrestling (Sports and recreation)

Those involved in producing professional wrestling have developed a kind of global fraternity, with familial bonds, shared language and passed-down traditions. New performers are expected to "pay their dues" for a few years by working in lower-profile promotions and working as ring crew before working their way upward. The permanent rosters of most promotions develop a backstage pecking order, with veterans mediating conflicts and mentoring younger wrestlers. For many decades (and still to a lesser extent today), performers were expected to keep the illusions of wrestling's legitimacy alive even while not performing, essentially acting in character any time they were in public. Some veterans speak of a "sickness" among wrestling performers, an inexplicable pull to remain active in the wrestling world despite the devastating effects the job can have on one's life and health.

Q1: What is expected of newcomers? 
A1: to "pay their dues" for a few years by working in lower-profile promotions
Q2: What were wrestlers expected to do for decades? 
A2: keep the illusions of wrestling's legitimacy alive
Q3: How did wrestlers have to act in public? 
A3: acting in character
Q4: What effects can wrestling have on the wrestlers? 
A4: devastating effects the job can have on one's life and health
A_cappella (Music)

Those who subscribe to this interpretation believe that since the Christian scriptures never counter instrumental language with any negative judgment on instruments, opposition to instruments instead comes from an interpretation of history. There is no written opposition to musical instruments in any setting in the first century and a half of Christian churches (33 AD to 180AD). The use of instruments for Christian worship during this period is also undocumented. Toward the end of the 2nd century, Christians began condemning the instruments themselves. Those who oppose instruments today believe these Church Fathers had a better understanding of God's desire for the church,[citation needed] but there are significant differences between the teachings of these Church Fathers and Christian opposition to instruments today.

Q1: What does the rejection of instruments in Christian music likely stem from?
A1: an interpretation of history
Q2: During what time is there no record of Christians using instruments for worship?
A2: 33 AD to 180AD
Q3: At what point did instruments begin to receive condemnation from Christians?
A3: the 2nd century
Q4: For what reason do modern Christians continue to oppose the use of instruments?
A4: Church Fathers had a better understanding of God's desire for the church
Black_people (Language and literature)

Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities, such as Detroit and New Orleans, have not elected white mayors since after the civil rights movement, when the Voting Rights Act of 1965 protected the franchise for minorities, and blacks in the South regained the power to vote for the first time since the turn of the 20th century. New Orleans elected its first black mayor in the 1970s. New Orleans elected a white mayor after the widescale disruption and damage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005.

Q1: What race has a very low rate of holding public office in Brazil?
A1: blacks
Q2: How much of the population of Salvador, Bahia is black or mixed race?
A2: 80%
Q3: When did the US institute the Voting Rights Act?
A3: 1965
Q4: When did New Orleans elect it's first black Mayor?
A4: 1970s
Q5: What large hurricane hit New Orleans?
A5: Hurricane Katrina
British_Empire (History)

Though Britain and the empire emerged victorious from the Second World War, the effects of the conflict were profound, both at home and abroad. Much of Europe, a continent that had dominated the world for several centuries, was in ruins, and host to the armies of the United States and the Soviet Union, who now held the balance of global power. Britain was left essentially bankrupt, with insolvency only averted in 1946 after the negotiation of a $US 4.33 billion loan (US$56 billion in 2012) from the United States, the last instalment of which was repaid in 2006. At the same time, anti-colonial movements were on the rise in the colonies of European nations. The situation was complicated further by the increasing Cold War rivalry of the United States and the Soviet Union. In principle, both nations were opposed to European colonialism. In practice, however, American anti-communism prevailed over anti-imperialism, and therefore the United States supported the continued existence of the British Empire to keep Communist expansion in check. The "wind of change" ultimately meant that the British Empire's days were numbered, and on the whole, Britain adopted a policy of peaceful disengagement from its colonies once stable, non-Communist governments were available to transfer power to. This was in contrast to other European powers such as France and Portugal, which waged costly and ultimately unsuccessful wars to keep their empires intact. Between 1945 and 1965, the number of people under British rule outside the UK itself fell from 700 million to five million, three million of whom were in Hong Kong.

Q1: How much money did the US loan to Britain after WW2?
A1: $US 4.33 billion
Q2: When did Britain finish paying back the US loan?
A2: 2006
Q3: When did the US make a large loan to Britain?
A3: 1946
Q4: Though the US and the Soviet Union were both against colonialism, what was the US more afraid of?
A4: communism
Q5: How many people outside the UK were under British rule in 1945?
A5: 700 million
Universal_Studios (Media and drama)

Though Decca would continue to keep picture budgets lean, it was favored by changing circumstances in the film business, as other studios let their contract actors go in the wake of the 1948 U.S. vs. Paramount Pictures, et al. decision. Leading actors were increasingly free to work where and when they chose, and in 1950 MCA agent Lew Wasserman made a deal with Universal for his client James Stewart that would change the rules of the business. Wasserman's deal gave Stewart a share in the profits of three pictures in lieu of a large salary. When one of those films, Winchester '73, proved to be a hit, the arrangement would become the rule for many future productions at Universal, and eventually at other studios as well.

Q1: Who was a notable talent agent circa 1950?
A1: Lew Wasserman
Q2: What star did Lew Wasserman represent?
A2: James Stewart
Q3: What actor featured in Winchester '73?
A3: James Stewart
Q4: What legal decision resulted in movie studios letting their contract actors go?
A4: U.S. vs. Paramount Pictures, et al.
Han_dynasty (History)

Though Han wooden structures decayed, some Han-dynasty ruins made of brick, stone, and rammed earth remain intact. This includes stone pillar-gates, brick tomb chambers, rammed-earth city walls, rammed-earth and brick beacon towers, rammed-earth sections of the Great Wall, rammed-earth platforms where elevated halls once stood, and two rammed-earth castles in Gansu. The ruins of rammed-earth walls that once surrounded the capitals Chang'an and Luoyang still stand, along with their drainage systems of brick arches, ditches, and ceramic water pipes. Monumental stone pillar-gates, twenty-nine of which survive from the Han period, formed entrances of walled enclosures at shrine and tomb sites. These pillars feature artistic imitations of wooden and ceramic building components such as roof tiles, eaves, and balustrades.

Q1: How many stone pillar-gates survive from the Han era?
A1: twenty-nine
Q2: What architectural feature contained an imitation of a balustrade?
A2: stone pillar-gates
Q3: What building material were tomb chambers constructed with?
A3: brick
Q4: What were the walls that encompassed the city of Luoyang comprised of?
A4: rammed-earth
Q5: What type of system used ceramic water pipes?
A5: drainage systems
Houston (History)

Though Houston is the largest city in the United States without formal zoning regulations, it has developed similarly to other Sun Belt cities because the city's land use regulations and legal covenants have played a similar role. Regulations include mandatory lot size for single-family houses and requirements that parking be available to tenants and customers. Such restrictions have had mixed results. Though some have blamed the city's low density, urban sprawl, and lack of pedestrian-friendliness on these policies, the city's land use has also been credited with having significant affordable housing, sparing Houston the worst effects of the 2008 real estate crisis. The city issued 42,697 building permits in 2008 and was ranked first in the list of healthiest housing markets for 2009.

Q1: What is the largest city in the U.S. without formal zoning?
A1: Houston
Q2: Besides parking requirements, what land use regulations does Houston have?
A2: mandatory lot size
Q3: What is Houston's land use policies credited with producing?
A3: affordable housing
Q4: What serious situation of 2008 was Houston spared?
A4: real estate crisis
Q5: How many building permits were issued in 2008 in Houston?
A5: 42,697
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses (Philosophy and religion)

Though Jehovah's Witnesses do not accept blood transfusions of whole blood, they may accept some blood plasma fractions at their own discretion. The Watch Tower Society provides pre-formatted durable power of attorney documents prohibiting major blood components, in which members can specify which allowable fractions and treatments they will personally accept. Jehovah's Witnesses have established Hospital Liaison Committees as a cooperative arrangement between individual Jehovah's Witnesses and medical professionals and hospitals.

Q1: What are Jehovah Witnesses allowed to accept at their discretion? 
A1: blood plasma fractions
Q2: What pre-formatted durable power of attorney documents are provided by the Watch Tower Society to prohibit?
A2: major blood components
Q3: What can Jehovah's Witnesses' members specify on the canned legal forms from the WTS?
A3: allowable fractions and treatments they will personally accept
Q4: What cooperative arrangement did Jehovah's Witnesses establish?
A4: Hospital Liaison Committees
Q5: The Hospital Liaison Committees serve to bridge between hospitals, medical professionals and who?
A5: individual Jehovah's Witnesses
Mandolin (Music)

Though almost any variety of acoustic mandolin might be adequate for Irish traditional music, virtually all Irish players prefer flat-backed instruments with oval sound holes to the Italian-style bowl-back mandolins or the carved-top mandolins with f-holes favoured by bluegrass mandolinists. The former are often too soft-toned to hold their own in a session (as well as having a tendency to not stay in place on the player's lap), whilst the latter tend to sound harsh and overbearing to the traditional ear. The f-hole mandolin, however, does come into its own in a traditional session, where its brighter tone cuts through the sonic clutter of a pub. Greatly preferred for formal performance and recording are flat-topped "Irish-style" mandolins (reminiscent of the WWI-era Martin Army-Navy mandolin) and carved (arch) top mandolins with oval soundholes, such as the Gibson A-style of the 1920s.

Q1: What types of instruments do irish player prefer?
A1: might be adequate for Irish traditional music, virtually all Irish players prefer flat-backed instruments with oval sound holes
Q2: Why is it said that the Italian style can't hold their own session? 
A2: too soft-toned
Q3: Which type mandolin had a tendency not to stay in the player's lap?
A3: the carved-top mandolins with f-holes
Q4: Which mandolin was preferred for formal performances and recordings? 
A4: flat-topped "Irish-style" mandolins
Q5: What was the Irish style mandolin reminiscent of?
A5: WWI-era Martin Army-Navy mandolin