LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Green (Language and literature)

Green can communicate safety to proceed, as in traffic lights. Green and red were standardized as the colors of international railroad signals in the 19th century. The first traffic light, using green and red gas lamps, was erected in 1868 in front of the Houses of Parliament in London. It exploded the following year, injuring the policeman who operated it. In 1912, the first modern electric traffic lights were put up in Salt Lake City, Utah. Red was chosen largely because of its high visibility, and its association with danger, while green was chosen largely because it could not be mistaken for red. Today green lights universally signal that a system is turned on and working as it should. In many video games, green signifies both health and completed objectives, opposite red.

Q1: When were green and red standardized as the colors of international railroad signs?
A1: 19th century
Q2: When was the first traffic light erected?
A2: 1868
Q3: Where were the first modern electric traffic lights erected in 1912?
A3: Salt Lake City, Utah
Q4: Besides its association with danger, why was red chosen for traffic lights?
A4: high visibility
Green (Language and literature)

Green is common in nature, as many plants are green because of a complex chemical known as chlorophyll, which is involved in photosynthesis. Chlorophyll absorbs the long wavelengths of light (red) and short wavelengths of light (blue) much more efficiently than the wavelengths that appear green to the human eye, so light reflected by plants is enriched in green. Chlorophyll absorbs green light poorly because it first arose in organisms living in oceans where purple halobacteria were already exploiting photosynthesis. Their purple color arose because they extracted energy in the green portion of the spectrum using bacteriorhodopsin. The new organisms that then later came to dominate the extraction of light were selected to exploit those portions of the spectrum not used by the halobacteria.

Q1: Why are many plants green?
A1: chlorophyll
Q2: What does chlorophyll do with long (red) and short (blue) wavelengths of light?
A2: absorbs
Q3: Where did chlorophyll first arise?
A3: organisms living in oceans
Political_party (Social sciences and society)

Green is the color for green parties, Islamist parties, Nordic agrarian parties and Irish republican parties. Orange is sometimes a color of nationalism, such as in the Netherlands, in Israel with the Orange Camp or with Ulster Loyalists in Northern Ireland; it is also a color of reform such as in Ukraine. In the past, Purple was considered the color of royalty (like white), but today it is sometimes used for feminist parties. White also is associated with nationalism. "Purple Party" is also used as an academic hypothetical of an undefined party, as a Centrist party in the United States (because purple is created from mixing the main parties' colors of red and blue) and as a highly idealistic "peace and love" party—in a similar vein to a Green Party, perhaps. Black is generally associated with fascist parties, going back to Benito Mussolini's blackshirts, but also with Anarchism. Similarly, brown is sometimes associated with Nazism, going back to the Nazi Party's tan-uniformed storm troopers.

Q1: What parties is the color green for?
A1: Islamist parties, Nordic agrarian parties and Irish republican parties
Q2: What was purple considered the color for?
A2: royalty
Q3: What parties is the color black associated with?
A3: fascist parties
Q4: Brown is associated with what parties?
A4: Nazism
Q5: What color is orange associated with?
A5: nationalism
Chicago_Cubs (Sports and recreation)

Green shored up the 1984 roster with a series of transactions. In December, 1983 Scott Sanderson was acquired from Montreal in a three-team deal with San Diego for Carmelo Martínez. Pinch hitter Richie Hebner (.333 BA in 1984) was signed as a free-agent. In spring training, moves continued: LF Gary Matthews and CF Bobby Dernier came from Philadelphia on March 26, for Bill Campbell and a minor leaguer. Reliever Tim Stoddard (10–6 3.82, 7 saves) was acquired the same day for a minor leaguer; veteran pitcher Ferguson Jenkins was released.

Q1: Who shored up the 1984 roster with a series of transactions?
A1: Green
Q2: When was Scott Sanderson acquired from Montreal?
A2: December, 1983
Q3: When did LF Gary Matthews and CF Bobby Dernier come from Philadelphia to the Cubs?
A3: March 26
Solar_energy (Natural sciences)

Greenhouses convert solar light to heat, enabling year-round production and the growth (in enclosed environments) of specialty crops and other plants not naturally suited to the local climate. Primitive greenhouses were first used during Roman times to produce cucumbers year-round for the Roman emperor Tiberius. The first modern greenhouses were built in Europe in the 16th century to keep exotic plants brought back from explorations abroad. Greenhouses remain an important part of horticulture today, and plastic transparent materials have also been used to similar effect in polytunnels and row covers.

Q1: When were the first greenhouses used?
A1: Roman times
Q2: In what century were the first modern greenhouses constructed?
A2: the 16th
Q3: What do greenhouses do with solar energy?
A3: convert solar light to heat
Q4: What is one purpose of a greenhouse?
A4: enabling year-round production and the growth (in enclosed environments) of specialty crops
Q5: What was one of the first uses of a greenhouse?
A5: produce cucumbers year-round for the Roman emperor Tiberius
Q6: Where were the first modern greenhouses built?
A6: Europe
Zhejiang (Geography and places)

Greenware ceramics made from celadon had been made in the area since the 3rd-century Jin dynasty, but it returned to prominence—particularly in Longquan—during the Southern Song and Yuan. Longquan greenware is characterized by a thick unctuous glaze of a particular bluish-green tint over an otherwise undecorated light-grey porcellaneous body that is delicately potted. Yuan Longquan celadons feature a thinner, greener glaze on increasingly large vessels with decoration and shapes derived from Middle Eastern ceramic and metalwares. These were produced in large quantities for the Chinese export trade to Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and (during the Ming) Europe. By the Ming, however, production was notably deficient in quality. It is in this period that the Longquan kilns declined, to be eventually replaced in popularity and ceramic production by the kilns of Jingdezhen in Jiangxi.

Q1: What were greenware ceramics made from?
A1: celadon
Q2: What color tint is Longquan greenware characterized by?
A2: bluish-green
Q3: What period did Longquan ceramics decline?
A3: the Ming
Q4: What kilns were Longquan kilns replaced by in popularity and production?
A4: Jingdezhen in Jiangxi
Q5: What decorations are Yuan Longquan celadons derived from?
A5: Middle Eastern
Time (Philosophy and religion)

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is an older standard, adopted starting with British railways in 1847. Using telescopes instead of atomic clocks, GMT was calibrated to the mean solar time at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich in the UK. Universal Time (UT) is the modern term for the international telescope-based system, adopted to replace "Greenwich Mean Time" in 1928 by the International Astronomical Union. Observations at the Greenwich Observatory itself ceased in 1954, though the location is still used as the basis for the coordinate system. Because the rotational period of Earth is not perfectly constant, the duration of a second would vary if calibrated to a telescope-based standard like GMT or UT—in which a second was defined as a fraction of a day or year. The terms "GMT" and "Greenwich Mean Time" are sometimes used informally to refer to UT or UTC.

Q1: Which standard of time started with British Railways?
A1: Greenwich Mean Time
Q2: When was GMT adopted by British Railways?
A2: 1847
Q3: GMT used what instead of atomic clocks?
A3: telescopes
Q4: When did observations at the Greenwich Observatory cease?
A4: 1954
Q5: The terms GMT and Greenwich Mean Time are also used informally to refer to what?
A5: UT or UTC
Software_testing (Engineering and technology)

Grey-box testing (American spelling: gray-box testing) involves having knowledge of internal data structures and algorithms for purposes of designing tests, while executing those tests at the user, or black-box level. The tester is not required to have full access to the software's source code.[not in citation given] Manipulating input data and formatting output do not qualify as grey-box, because the input and output are clearly outside of the "black box" that we are calling the system under test. This distinction is particularly important when conducting integration testing between two modules of code written by two different developers, where only the interfaces are exposed for test.

Q1: What does grey-box testing involve?
A1: having knowledge of internal data structures and algorithms
Q2: What does a grey-box tester not need to run their test?
A2: not required to have full access to the software's source code
Q3: What does not qualify as grey-box testing?
A3: Manipulating input data and formatting output
Gramophone_record (Music)

Groove recordings, first designed in the final quarter of the 19th century, held a predominant position for nearly a century—withstanding competition from reel-to-reel tape, the 8-track cartridge, and the compact cassette. In 1988, the compact disc surpassed the gramophone record in unit sales. Vinyl records experienced a sudden decline in popularity between 1988 and 1991, when the major label distributors restricted their return policies, which retailers had been relying on to maintain and swap out stocks of relatively unpopular titles. First the distributors began charging retailers more for new product if they returned unsold vinyl, and then they stopped providing any credit at all for returns. Retailers, fearing they would be stuck with anything they ordered, only ordered proven, popular titles that they knew would sell, and devoted more shelf space to CDs and cassettes. Record companies also deleted many vinyl titles from production and distribution, further undermining the availability of the format and leading to the closure of pressing plants. This rapid decline in the availability of records accelerated the format's decline in popularity, and is seen by some as a deliberate ploy to make consumers switch to CDs, which were more profitable for the record companies.

Q1: What was a major cause of declined vinyl sales?
A1: major label distributors restricted their return policies
Q2: Which allows for more profits, vinyl or compact discs?
A2: CDs, which were more profitable for the record companies
Q3: When did vinyl record sales decline?
A3: between 1988 and 1991
Q4: When did compact disc popularity take hold?
A4: 1988
Q5: When were groove recordings developed?
A5: final quarter of the 19th century,
Airport (Engineering and technology)

Ground Control is responsible for directing all ground traffic in designated "movement areas", except the traffic on runways. This includes planes, baggage trains, snowplows, grass cutters, fuel trucks, stair trucks, airline food trucks, conveyor belt vehicles and other vehicles. Ground Control will instruct these vehicles on which taxiways to use, which runway they will use (in the case of planes), where they will park, and when it is safe to cross runways. When a plane is ready to takeoff it will stop short of the runway, at which point it will be turned over to Tower Control. After a plane has landed, it will depart the runway and be returned to Ground Control.

Q1: What is responsible for directing all ground traffic in designated areas?
A1: Ground Control
Q2: Who instructs vehicles on which taxiways to use?
A2: Ground Control
Q3: When a plane is ready to take off, who takes over the direction of a plane?
A3: Tower Control
Q4: When is control turned back over to ground control?
A4: After a plane has landed
Group_(mathematics) (Mathematics)

Groups are also applied in many other mathematical areas. Mathematical objects are often examined by associating groups to them and studying the properties of the corresponding groups. For example, Henri Poincaré founded what is now called algebraic topology by introducing the fundamental group. By means of this connection, topological properties such as proximity and continuity translate into properties of groups.i[›] For example, elements of the fundamental group are represented by loops. The second image at the right shows some loops in a plane minus a point. The blue loop is considered null-homotopic (and thus irrelevant), because it can be continuously shrunk to a point. The presence of the hole prevents the orange loop from being shrunk to a point. The fundamental group of the plane with a point deleted turns out to be infinite cyclic, generated by the orange loop (or any other loop winding once around the hole). This way, the fundamental group detects the hole.

Q1: What are usually analyzed by associating groups to them and studying the elements of the corresponding groups?
A1: Mathematical objects
Q2: Who founded algebraic topology?
A2: Henri Poincaré
Q3: What did Henri Poincaré introduce when he established algebraic topology?
A3: the fundamental group
Q4: What topological properties translate into properties of groups?
A4: proximity and continuity
Q5: What represents elements of the fundamental group?
A5: loops
Race_(human_categorization) (Natural sciences)

Groups of humans have always identified themselves as distinct from neighboring groups, but such differences have not always been understood to be natural, immutable and global. These features are the distinguishing features of how the concept of race is used today. In this way the idea of race as we understand it today came about during the historical process of exploration and conquest which brought Europeans into contact with groups from different continents, and of the ideology of classification and typology found in the natural sciences.

Q1: What have human groups always considered themselves as compared to other nearby groups?
A1: distinct
Q2: What have differences among groups not typically been perceived as being?
A2: natural, immutable and global
Q3: During which process did our current idea of race come about?
A3: exploration and conquest
Q4: Where did Europeans come into contact with other groups?
A4: different continents
Q5: What ideaology is found in the natural sciences?
A5: classification and typology
Group_(mathematics) (Mathematics)

Groups share a fundamental kinship with the notion of symmetry. For example, a symmetry group encodes symmetry features of a geometrical object: the group consists of the set of transformations that leave the object unchanged and the operation of combining two such transformations by performing one after the other. Lie groups are the symmetry groups used in the Standard Model of particle physics; Point groups are used to help understand symmetry phenomena in molecular chemistry; and Poincaré groups can express the physical symmetry underlying special relativity.

Q1: What shares an essential relationship to groups?
A1: symmetry
Q2: What are the symmetry groups utilized as a part of the Standard Model particle physics?
A2: Lie groups
Q3: What groups are are utilized toward comprehending symmetry wonders in chemistry? 
A3: Point groups
Q4: What groups can express the physical symmetry hidden behind special relativity?
A4: Poincaré groups
Hard_rock (Music)

Groups that emerged from the American psychedelic scene about the same time included Iron Butterfly, MC5, Blue Cheer and Vanilla Fudge. San Francisco band Blue Cheer released a crude and distorted cover of Eddie Cochran's classic "Summertime Blues", from their 1968 debut album Vincebus Eruptum, that outlined much of the later hard rock and heavy metal sound. The same month, Steppenwolf released its self-titled debut album, including "Born to Be Wild", which contained the first lyrical reference to heavy metal and helped popularise the style when it was used in the film Easy Rider (1969). Iron Butterfly's In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida (1968), with its 17-minute-long title track, using organs and with a lengthy drum solo, also prefigured later elements of the sound.

Q1: Where was the band Blue Cheer from?
A1: San Francisco
Q2: What classic song did Blue Cheer cover?
A2: "Summertime Blues"
Q3: What was the hit off Steppenwolf's self-titled debut lp?
A3: "Born to Be Wild"
Q4: What movie featured that Steppenwolf single?
A4: Easy Rider
Q5: The lyrics to "Born To Be Wild" contain the first reference to what hard rock style?
A5: heavy metal
New_Haven,_Connecticut (Geography and places)

Grove Street Cemetery, a National Historic Landmark which lies adjacent to Yale's campus, contains the graves of Roger Sherman, Eli Whitney, Noah Webster, Josiah Willard Gibbs, Charles Goodyear and Walter Camp, among other notable burials. The cemetery is known for its grand Egyptian Revival gateway. The Union League Club of New Haven building, located on Chapel Street, is notable for not only being a historic Beaux-Arts building, but also is built on the site where Roger Sherman's home once stood; George Washington is known to have stayed at the Sherman residence while President in 1789 (one of three times Washington visited New Haven throughout his lifetime).

Q1: What cemetery in New Haven is situated next to the campus of Yale University and has been designated a National Historic Landmark? 
A1: Grove Street
Q2: In what architectural style is the gateway of Grove Street Cemetery notably designed?  
A2: Egyptian Revival
Q3: What Beaux Arts structure on New Haven's Chapel Street was built on the site believed to formerly feature the home of Roger Sherman?
A3: The Union League Club of New Haven building
Q4: What former U.S. president is believed to have stayed in New Haven at the home of Roger Sherman?
A4: George Washington
Q5: Which notable New Haven resident inventor, credited with the cotton gin, is buried in Grove Street Cemetery?
A5: Eli Whitney
Q6: What is the name of the historical site that site next to Yale's campus?
A6: Grove Street Cemetery
Q7: What is Grove Street Cemetery famously known for?
A7: Egyptian Revival gateway
Q8: Roger Sherman once lived in Chapel Street, in modern day what is the name building that sit in its' place?
A8: Union League Club
Q9: George Washington once paid visit to Sherman's house, what year was this?
A9: 1789
Somalis (Geography and places)

Growing out of the Somali people's rich storytelling tradition, the first few feature-length Somali films and cinematic festivals emerged in the early 1960s, immediately after independence. Following the creation of the Somali Film Agency (SFA) regulatory body in 1975, the local film scene began to expand rapidly. The Somali filmmaker Ali Said Hassan concurrently served as the SFA's representative in Rome. In the 1970s and early 1980s, popular musicals known as riwaayado were the main driving force behind the Somali movie industry. Epic and period films as well as international co-productions followed suit, facilitated by the proliferation of video technology and national television networks. Said Salah Ahmed during this period directed his first feature film, The Somali Darwish (The Somalia Dervishes), devoted to the Dervish State. In the 1990s and 2000s, a new wave of more entertainment-oriented movies emerged. Referred to as Somaliwood, this upstart, youth-based cinematic movement has energized the Somali film industry and in the process introduced innovative storylines, marketing strategies and production techniques. The young directors Abdisalam Aato of Olol Films and Abdi Malik Isak are at the forefront of this quiet revolution.

Q1: In what decade were the first Somali feature films made?
A1: 1960s
Q2: In what year was the SFA founded?
A2: 1975
Q3: Who was the representative of the Somali Film Agency in Rome?
A3: Ali Said Hassan
Q4: What are riwaaydo?
A4: popular musicals
Q5: What was the name of Said Salah Ahmed's first feature?
A5: The Somali Darwish
Endangered_Species_Act (Natural sciences)

Growing scientific recognition of the role of private lands for endangered species recovery and the landmark 1981 court decision in Palila v. Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources both contributed to making Habitat Conservation Plans/ Incidental Take Permits "a major force for wildlife conservation and a major headache to the development community", wrote Robert D.Thornton in the 1991 Environmental Law article, Searching for Consensus and Predictability: Habitat Conservation Planning under the Endangered Species Act of 1973.

Q1: What 1981 court decision added to the power of HCPs and ITPs for conservation?
A1: Palila v. Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources
Q2: Who wrote the article "Searching for Consensus and Predictability: Habitat Conservation Planning under the Endangered Species Act of 1973."
A2: Robert D.Thornton
Q3: What did Thornton compare the scientific and legal advances to, from the viewpoint of the development community?
A3: a major headache
Guam (Geography and places)

Guam (i/ˈɡwɑːm/ or /ˈɡwɒm/; Chamorro: Guåhån;[needs IPA] formally the Territory of Guam) is an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States. Located in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, Guam is one of five American territories with an established civilian government. The capital city is Hagåtña, and the most populous city is Dededo. In 2015, 161,785 people resided on Guam. Guamanians are American citizens by birth. Guam has an area of 544 km2 (210 sq mi) and a density of 297/km² (770/sq mi). It is the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands, and the largest island in Micronesia. Among its municipalities, Mongmong-Toto-Maite has the highest density at 1,425/km² (3,691/sq mi), whereas Inarajan and Umatac have the lowest density at 47/km² (119/sq mi). The highest point is Mount Lamlam at 406 meters (1,332 ft) above sea level.

Q1: What country is Guam a territory of?
A1: United States
Q2: Where is the island of Guan located?
A2: northwestern Pacific Ocean
Q3: How many people currently call Guam home as of 2015?
A3: 161,785
Q4: What is the most populous city in Guam?
A4: Dededo
Q5: What is the name of the largest mountain in Guam?
A5: Mount Lamlam
Guam (Geography and places)

Guam is governed by a popularly elected governor and a unicameral 15-member legislature, whose members are known as senators. Guam elects one non-voting delegate, currently Democrat Madeleine Z. Bordallo, to the United States House of Representatives. U.S. citizens in Guam vote in a straw poll for their choice in the U.S. Presidential general election, but since Guam has no votes in the Electoral College, the poll has no real effect. However, in sending delegates to the Republican and Democratic national conventions, Guam does have influence in the national presidential race. These delegates are elected by local party conventions.

Q1: How many people make up the Guam legislation?
A1: 15
Q2: Who is the current non-voting delegate for Guam?
A2: Democrat Madeleine Z. Bordallo
Q3: How many electoral votes does Guam currently have?
A3: Guam has no votes
Guam (Geography and places)

Guam is served by the Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport, which is a hub for United Airlines. The island is outside the United States customs zone so Guam is responsible for establishing and operating its own customs and quarantine agency and jurisdiction. Therefore, the U.S. Customs and Border Protection only carries immigration (but not customs) functions. Since Guam is under federal immigration jurisdiction, passengers arriving directly from the United States skip immigration and proceed directly to Guam Customs and Quarantine.

Q1: What is the name of the international airport in Guam?
A1: Antonio B. Won Pat
Q2: What major airline resides at the airport?
A2: United Airlines
Q3: What is Guam responsible for when goods both come in and leave?
A3: operating its own customs and quarantine agency