LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Biodiversity (Natural sciences)

Habitat size and numbers of species are systematically related. Physically larger species and those living at lower latitudes or in forests or oceans are more sensitive to reduction in habitat area. Conversion to "trivial" standardized ecosystems (e.g., monoculture following deforestation) effectively destroys habitat for the more diverse species that preceded the conversion. In some countries lack of property rights or lax law/regulatory enforcement necessarily leads to biodiversity loss (degradation costs having to be supported by the community).[citation needed]

Q1: What is systematically related to the numbers of species?
A1: Habitat size
Q2: What animals are more sensitive to reduction in habitat area?
A2: Physically larger species and those living at lower latitudes or in forests or oceans
Q3: How is a standardized ecosystem formed?
A3: monoculture following deforestation
Q4: What leads to biodiversity loss is some countries?
A4: lack of property rights or lax law/regulatory enforcement
Chicago_Cubs (Sports and recreation)

Hack Wilson set a record of 56 home-runs and 190 runs-batted-in in 1930, breaking Lou Gehrig's MLB record of 176 RBI. (In 1999, a long-lost extra RBI mistakenly credited to Charlie Grimm had been found by Cooperstown researcher Cliff Kachline and verified by historian Jerome Holtzman, increasing the record number to 191.) As of 2014 the record still stands, with no serious threats coming since Gehrig (184) and Hank Greenberg (183) in the same era. The closest anyone has come to the mark in the last 75 years was Manny Ramirez's 165 RBI in 1999. In addition to the RBI record, Wilson 56 home-runs stood as the National League record until 1998, when Sammy Sosa and Mark McGwire hit 66 and 70, respectively. Wilson was named "Most Useful" player that year by the Baseball Writers' Association of America, as the official N.L. Most Valuable Player Award was not awarded until the next season.

Q1: When did Hack Wilson set a record of 56 home-runs and 190 runs-batted-in?
A1: 1930
Q2: Who Broke Lou Gehrig's MLB record of 176 RBI?
A2: Hack Wilson
Q3: When did Manny Ramirez get his 165 RBI?
A3: 1999
Q4: What was Wilson named by the Baseball Writer's Association of America? 
A4: "Most Useful" player
Estonia (Geography and places)

Half the deported perished, and the other half were not allowed to return until the early 1960s (years after Stalin's death).[citation needed] The activities of Soviet forces in 1940–41 and after reoccupation sparked a guerrilla war against Soviet authorities in Estonia by the Forest Brothers, who consisted mostly of Estonian veterans of the German and Finnish armies and some civilians. This conflict continued into the early 1950s. Material damage caused by the world war and the following Soviet era significantly slowed Estonia's economic growth, resulting in a wide wealth gap in comparison with neighbouring Finland and Sweden.

Q1: What percentage of Estonians died after deporation?
A1: Half the deported perished
Q2: When were the deported Estonians allowed to return?
A2: the early 1960s
Q3: What event led to the return of Estonians back home?
A3: Stalin's death
Q4: Who fought a guerrilla war against the Soviets?
A4: the Forest Brothers
Southampton (Geography and places)

Hampshire County Cricket Club play close to the city, at the Rose Bowl in West End, after previously playing at the County Cricket Ground and the Antelope Ground, both near the city centre. There is also the Southampton Evening Cricket League.

Q1: At what venue does the Hampshire County Cricket Club play?
A1: the Rose Bowl
Q2: What part of the city is the Rose Bowl in?
A2: West End
Q3: Besides the County Cricket Ground, at what other cricket ground did the Hampshire County Cricket Club used to play?
A3: the Antelope Ground
Q4: Besides the Hampshire County Cricket Club, what's the name of the other cricket league in Southampton?
A4: the Southampton Evening Cricket League
Qing_dynasty (History)

Han Chinese Banners were made up of Han Chinese who defected to the Qing up to 1644 and joined the Eight Banners, giving them social and legal privileges in addition to being acculturated to Manchu culture. So many Han defected to the Qing and swelled the ranks of the Eight Banners that ethnic Manchus became a minority, making up only 16% in 1648, with Han Bannermen dominating at 75% and Mongol Bannermen making up the rest. This multi-ethnic force in which Manchus were only a minority conquered China for the Qing.

Q1: Who made up the Han Chinese Banners?
A1: Han Chinese
Q2: What percent of bannermen did the Han represent?
A2: 75%
Q3: Who besides the Manchus and the Han made up the Eight Banners?
A3: Mongol
Qing_dynasty (History)

Han Chinese farmers were resettled from north China by the Qing to the area along the Liao River in order to restore the land to cultivation. Wasteland was reclaimed by Han Chinese squatters in addition to other Han who rented land from Manchu landlords. Despite officially prohibiting Han Chinese settlement on the Manchu and Mongol lands, by the 18th century the Qing decided to settle Han refugees from northern China who were suffering from famine, floods, and drought into Manchuria and Inner Mongolia so that Han Chinese farmed 500,000 hectares in Manchuria and tens of thousands of hectares in Inner Mongolia by the 1780s. Qianlong allowed Han Chinese peasants suffering from drought to move into Manchuria despite him issuing edicts in favor of banning them from 1740–1776. Chinese tenant farmers rented or even claimed title to land from the "imperial estates" and Manchu Bannerlands in the area. Besides moving into the Liao area in southern Manchuria, the path linking Jinzhou, Fengtian, Tieling, Changchun, Hulun, and Ningguta was settled by Han Chinese during the Qianlong Emperor's rule, and Han Chinese were the majority in urban areas of Manchuria by 1800. To increase the Imperial Treasury's revenue, the Qing sold formerly Manchu only lands along the Sungari to Han Chinese at the beginning of the Daoguang Emperor's reign, and Han Chinese filled up most of Manchuria's towns by the 1840s according to Abbe Huc.

Q1: Where were starving Han sent by the Qing?
A1: Manchuria and Inner Mongolia
Q2: How much land did the Han farm in Inner Mongolia?
A2: tens of thousands of hectares
Q3: What other types of land were the Han allowed to farm?
A3: "imperial estates" and Manchu Bannerlands
Q4: Who was the emperor in the later half of the 18th century?
A4: Qianlong
Q5: What ethnicity was the majority in urban Manchuria?
A5: Han Chinese
Zhejiang (Geography and places)

Han Chinese make up the vast majority of the population, and the largest Han subgroup are the speakers of Wu varieties of Chinese. There are also 400,000 members of ethnic minorities, including approximately 200,000 She people and approximately 20,000 Hui Chinese[citation needed]. Jingning She Autonomous County in Lishui is the only She autonomous county in China.

Q1: What kind of Chinese make up the vast majority of the population?
A1: Han
Q2: What varieties of Chinese do the largest Han subgroup speak?
A2: Wu
Q3: How many members of ethnic minorities are there?
A3: 400,000
Q4: How many She people are there?
A4: 200,000
Q5: Where is the only She autonomous county in China?
A5: Lishui
Han_dynasty (History)

Han-era astronomers adopted a geocentric model of the universe, theorizing that it was shaped like a sphere surrounding the earth in the center. They assumed that the Sun, Moon, and planets were spherical and not disc-shaped. They also thought that the illumination of the Moon and planets was caused by sunlight, that lunar eclipses occurred when the Earth obstructed sunlight falling onto the Moon, and that a solar eclipse occurred when the Moon obstructed sunlight from reaching the Earth. Although others disagreed with his model, Wang Chong accurately described the water cycle of the evaporation of water into clouds.

Q1: In what era was a geocentric view of the universe adopted?
A1: Han
Q2: Who was able to describe the process of evaporation?
A2: Wang Chong
Q3: What object was assumed to block sunlight during a lunar eclipse?
A3: the Earth
Q4: What did astronomers believe the shape of the Sun to be during this era?
A4: spherical
Q5: What did astronomers during this area believe to be the center of the universe?
A5: the earth
Han_dynasty (History)

Han-era medical physicians believed that the human body was subject to the same forces of nature that governed the greater universe, namely the cosmological cycles of yin and yang and the five phases. Each organ of the body was associated with a particular phase. Illness was viewed as a sign that qi or "vital energy" channels leading to a certain organ had been disrupted. Thus, Han-era physicians prescribed medicine that was believed to counteract this imbalance. For example, since the wood phase was believed to promote the fire phase, medicinal ingredients associated with the wood phase could be used to heal an organ associated with the fire phase. To this end, the physician Zhang Zhongjing (c. 150–c. 219 AD) prescribed regulated diets rich in certain foods that were thought to cure specific illnesses. These are now known to be nutrition disorders caused by the lack of certain vitamins consumed in one's diet. Besides dieting, Han physicians also prescribed moxibustion, acupuncture, and calisthenics as methods of maintaining one's health. When surgery was performed by the physician Hua Tuo (d. 208 AD), he used anesthesia to numb his patients' pain and prescribed a rubbing ointment that allegedly sped the process of healing surgical wounds.

Q1: Who believed that the same forces that controlled the universe also controlled the human body?
A1: Han-era medical physicians
Q2: What was used during surgery to relieve patients of their pain?
A2: anesthesia
Q3: What profession was the individual Zhang Zhongjing involved in?
A3: physician
Q4: How did Zhang Zhongjing attempt to cure various illnesses?
A4: prescribed regulated diets
Q5: When did Hua Tuo die?
A5: 208 AD
USB (Engineering and technology)

Handshake packets consist of only a single PID byte, and are generally sent in response to data packets. Error detection is provided by transmitting four bits that represent the packet type twice, in a single PID byte using complemented form. Three basic types are ACK, indicating that data was successfully received, NAK, indicating that the data cannot be received and should be retried, and STALL, indicating that the device has an error condition and cannot transfer data until some corrective action (such as device initialization) occurs.

Q1: Handshake packets consist of only a single what?
A1: PID byte
Q2: When are handshake packets generally sent?
A2: in response to data packets
Q3: What is provided by transmitting four bits that represent the packet type twice, in a single PID byte using complemented form?
A3: Error detection
Hanover (History)

Hannover 96 (nickname Die Roten or 'The Reds') is the top local football team that plays in the Bundesliga top division. Home games are played at the HDI-Arena, which hosted matches in the 1974 and 2006 World Cups and the Euro 1988. Their reserve team Hannover 96 II plays in the fourth league. Their home games were played in the traditional Eilenriedestadium till they moved to the HDI Arena due to DFL directives. Arminia Hannover is another very traditional soccer team in Hanover that has played in the first league for years and plays now in the Niedersachsen-West Liga (Lower Saxony League West). Home matches are played in the Rudolf-Kalweit-Stadium.

Q1: Who does the nicname "Die Roten" belong to?
A1: Hannover 96
Q2: What is another name for the top football division?
A2: Bundesliga
Q3: What is the name of the stadium that the Hanover football team plays in?
A3: HDI-Arena
Q4: Where did the reserve team for the main Hanover team used to play?
A4: Eilenriedestadium
Q5: Which league does the reserve team Hanover 96 II play in?
A5: fourth league
Hanover (History)

Hanover was founded in medieval times on the east bank of the River Leine. Its original name Honovere may mean "high (river)bank", though this is debated (cf. das Hohe Ufer). Hanover was a small village of ferrymen and fishermen that became a comparatively large town in the 13th century due to its position at a natural crossroads. As overland travel was relatively difficult, its position on the upper navigable reaches of the river helped it to grow by increasing trade. It was connected to the Hanseatic League city of Bremen by the Leine, and was situated near the southern edge of the wide North German Plain and north-west of the Harz mountains, so that east-west traffic such as mule trains passed through it. Hanover was thus a gateway to the Rhine, Ruhr and Saar river valleys, their industrial areas which grew up to the southwest and the plains regions to the east and north, for overland traffic skirting the Harz between the Low Countries and Saxony or Thuringia.

Q1: Where was Hanover originally founded?
A1: east bank of the River Leine
Q2: What did Hanover possibly originally mean?
A2: "high (river)bank"
Q3: When did Hanover become a comparitvely large town?
A3: 13th century
Q4: Which city was Hanover connected to by the Leine?
A4: Hanseatic League city of Bremen
Q5: What is one example of traffic that passed through Hanover?
A5: mule trains
Hanover (History)

Hanover's leading cabaret-stage is the GOP Variety theatre which is located in the Georgs Palace. Some other famous cabaret-stages are the Variety Marlene, the Uhu-Theatre. the theatre Die Hinterbühne, the Rampenlich Variety and the revue-stage TAK. The most important Cabaret-Event is the Kleines Fest im Großen Garten (Little Festival in the Great Garden) which is the most successful Cabaret Festival in Germany. It features artists from around the world. Some other important events are the Calenberger Cabaret Weeks, the Hanover Cabaret Festival and the Wintervariety.

Q1: What famous theatre is located in Georgs Palace?
A1: GOP Variety theatre
Q2: What is the most important Cabaret-Event?
A2: Kleines Fest im Großen Garten
Q3: What is a notable achievement about the Kleines Fest im Großen Garten?
A3: most successful Cabaret Festival in Germany
Q4: Where do artists who feature in the Kleines Fest im Großen Garten come from?
A4: around the world
Q5: What is another important event other than the Calenberger Cabaret Weeks or the Hanover Cabaret Festival?
A5: Wintervariety
Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty (History)

Hans Bielenstein writes that as far back as the Han dynasty (202 BCE–220 CE), the Han Chinese government "maintained the fiction" that the foreign officials administering the various "Dependent States" and oasis city-states of the Western Regions (composed of the Tarim Basin and oasis of Turpan) were true Han representatives due to the Han government's conferral of Chinese seals and seal cords to them.

Q1: What was the western regions composed of?
A1: the Tarim Basin and oasis of Turpan
Q2: Who believed that they were the true Han Western representatives? 
A2: foreign officials
Hard_rock (Music)

Hard rock developed into a major form of popular music in the 1970s, with bands such as Led Zeppelin, The Who, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, AC/DC and Van Halen. During the 1980s, some hard rock bands moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock, while others began to return to a hard rock sound. Established bands made a comeback in the mid-1980s and it reached a commercial peak in the 1980s, with glam metal bands like Bon Jovi and Def Leppard and the rawer sounds of Guns N' Roses, which followed up with great success in the later part of that decade. Hard rock began losing popularity with the commercial success of grunge and later Britpop in the 1990s.

Q1: What are two examples of glam metal bands?
A1: Bon Jovi and Def Leppard
Q2: What two genres cut into hard rock's popularity at the end of the 1980s and early 1990s?
A2: grunge and later Britpop
Q3: What were some hard rock bands of the 1970s?
A3: Led Zeppelin, The Who, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, AC/DC and Van Halen
Q4: What style did some hard rock bands embrace in the 1980s?
A4: pop rock
Hard_rock (Music)

Hard rock entered the 1990s as one of the dominant forms of commercial music. The multi-platinum releases of AC/DC's The Razors Edge (1990), Guns N' Roses' Use Your Illusion I and Use Your Illusion II (both in 1991), Ozzy Osbourne's No More Tears (1991), and Van Halen's For Unlawful Carnal Knowledge (1991) showcased this popularity. Additionally, The Black Crowes released their debut album, Shake Your Money Maker (1990), which contained a bluesy classic rock sound and sold five million copies. In 1992, Def Leppard followed up 1987's Hysteria with Adrenalize, which went multi-platinum, spawned four Top 40 singles and held the number one spot on the US album chart for five weeks.

Q1: Guns N Roses released both Use Your Illusion albums in what year?
A1: 1991
Q2: What band's debut was titled Shake Your Money Maker?
A2: The Black Crowes
Q3: What was the title of Def Leppard's 1992 album?
A3: Adrenalize
Q4: Adrenalize followed what 1987 Def Leppard record?
A4: Hysteria
Q5: Adrenalize topped US album charts for how long?
A5: five weeks
Adult_contemporary_music (Music)

Hard rock had been established as a mainstream genre by 1965. From the end of the 1960s, it became common to divide mainstream rock music into soft and hard rock, with both emerging as major radio formats in the US. Soft rock was often derived from folk rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody and harmonies. Major artists included Barbra Streisand, Carole King, Cat Stevens, James Taylor and Bread.

Q1: As of what year was hard rock a mainstream type of music?
A1: 1965
Q2: Along with soft rock, what type of music made up mainstream rock music in the late 1960s?
A2: hard rock
Q3: What type of instruments were prominent in soft rock? 
A3: acoustic
Q4: What genre of music was soft rock descended from?
A4: folk rock
Q5: Along with Barbra Streisand, Carole King, Cat Stevens and Bread, who was a prominent soft rock artist of this era?
A5: James Taylor
Hard_rock (Music)

Hard rock is a form of loud, aggressive rock music. The electric guitar is often emphasised, used with distortion and other effects, both as a rhythm instrument using repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity, and as a solo lead instrument. Drumming characteristically focuses on driving rhythms, strong bass drum and a backbeat on snare, sometimes using cymbals for emphasis. The bass guitar works in conjunction with the drums, occasionally playing riffs, but usually providing a backing for the rhythm and lead guitars. Vocals are often growling, raspy, or involve screaming or wailing, sometimes in a high range, or even falsetto voice.

Q1: What instrument is usually at the center of a hard rock sound?
A1: The electric guitar
Q2: Rhythm guitar in hard rock usually plays what?
A2: repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity
Q3: In hard rock, an electric guitar can also be used for what?
A3: a solo lead instrument
Q4: What carries the backbeat in hard rock drumming?
A4: snare
Q5: What instrument works in tandem with the drums to provide hard rock rhythms?
A5: The bass guitar
Pacific_War (History)

Hard-fought battles on the Japanese home islands of Iwo Jima, Okinawa, and others resulted in horrific casualties on both sides but finally produced a Japanese defeat. Of the 117,000 Japanese troops defending Okinawa, 94 percent died. Faced with the loss of most of their experienced pilots, the Japanese increased their use of kamikaze tactics in an attempt to create unacceptably high casualties for the Allies. The U.S. Navy proposed to force a Japanese surrender through a total naval blockade and air raids.

Q1: What percent of Japanese troops died on Okinawa?
A1: 94
Q2: Using a total blockade and air raids, what did the US Navy hope to force?
A2: Japanese surrender
Q3: How many Japanese troops defended Okinawa?
A3: 117,000
Q4: How did the Japanese attempt to cause high Allied casualties?
A4: kamikaze tactics
Orthodox_Judaism (Philosophy and religion)

Haredi Judaism advocates segregation from non-Jewish culture, although not from non-Jewish society entirely. It is characterised by its focus on community-wide Torah study. Haredi Orthodoxy's differences with Modern Orthodoxy usually lie in interpretation of the nature of traditional halakhic concepts and in acceptable application of these concepts. Thus, engaging in the commercial world is a legitimate means to achieving a livelihood, but individuals should participate in modern society as little as possible. The same outlook is applied with regard to obtaining degrees necessary to enter one's intended profession: where tolerated in the Haredi society, attending secular institutions of higher education is viewed as a necessary but inferior activity. Academic interest is instead to be directed toward the religious education found in the yeshiva. Both boys and girls attend school and may proceed to higher Torah study, starting anywhere between the ages of 13 and 18. A significant proportion of students, especially boys, remain in yeshiva until marriage (which is often arranged through facilitated dating – see shiduch), and many study in a kollel (Torah study institute for married men) for many years after marriage. Most Orthodox men (including many Modern Orthodox), even those not in Kollel, will study Torah daily.

Q1: What type of Judaism advocated segregation from non-Jewish culture?
A1: Haredi Judaism
Q2: What should individuals participate as little as possible in?
A2: modern society
Q3: Attending secular institution of higher education is viewed as necessary but inferior in what society?
A3: Haredi
Q4: What do a significant portion of boys remain in until marriage?
A4: yeshiva
Q5: What is a Torah study institute for married men called?
A5: kollel
To_Kill_a_Mockingbird (Language and literature)

Harper Lee has remained famously detached from interpreting the novel since the mid-1960s. However, she gave some insight into her themes when, in a rare letter to the editor, she wrote in response to the passionate reaction her book caused: "Surely it is plain to the simplest intelligence that To Kill a Mockingbird spells out in words of seldom more than two syllables a code of honor and conduct, Christian in its ethic, that is the heritage of all Southerners."

Q1: According to Lee, her book simply expressed a Christian code of honor and conduct inherit to whom?
A1: all Southerners
To_Kill_a_Mockingbird (Language and literature)

Harper Lee was pleased with the movie, saying: "In that film the man and the part met... I've had many, many offers to turn it into musicals, into TV or stage plays, but I've always refused. That film was a work of art." Peck met Lee's father, the model for Atticus, before the filming. Lee's father died before the film's release, and Lee was so impressed with Peck's performance that she gave him her father's pocketwatch, which he had with him the evening he was awarded the Oscar for best actor. Years later, he was reluctant to tell Lee that the watch was stolen out of his luggage in London Heathrow Airport. When Peck eventually did tell Lee, he said she responded, "'Well, it's only a watch.' Harper—she feels deeply, but she's not a sentimental person about things." Lee and Peck shared a friendship long after the movie was made. Peck's grandson was named "Harper" in her honor.

Q1: What item did Lee give the actor Gregory Peck after portraying Atticus Finch?
A1: father's pocketwatch
Q2: Which one of Gregory Peck's relatives was named after Harper Lee?
A2: grandson
Q3: What personal effect did Lee give to Peck?
A3: her father's pocketwatch
Q4: Which one of Peck's relatives was named Harper in honor of Lee?
A4: grandson