LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Child_labour (Social sciences and society)

Similarly, in 1996, member countries of the European Union, per Directive 94/33/EC, agreed to a number of exceptions for young people in its child labour laws. Under these rules, children of various ages may work in cultural, artistic, sporting or advertising activities if authorised by the competent authority. Children above the age of 13 may perform light work for a limited number of hours per week in other economic activities as defined at the discretion of each country. Additionally, the European law exception allows children aged 14 years or over to work as part of a work/training scheme. The EU Directive clarified that these exceptions do not allow child labour where the children may experience harmful exposure to dangerous substances. Nonetheless, many children under the age of 13 do work, even in the most developed countries of the EU. For instance, a recent study showed over a third of Dutch twelve-year-old kids had a job, the most common being babysitting.

Q1: What happened in the European Union in 1996?
A1: agreed to a number of exceptions for young people in its child labour laws
Q2: What age were children allowed to do light labour?
A2: 13
Q3: What age were children able to take part in European training programs?
A3: aged 14 years or over
Q4: What is the most common occupation for Dutch youth to have?
A4: babysitting
Renewable_energy_commercialization (Engineering and technology)

Similarly, in the United States, the independent National Research Council has noted that "sufficient domestic renewable resources exist to allow renewable electricity to play a significant role in future electricity generation and thus help confront issues related to climate change, energy security, and the escalation of energy costs … Renewable energy is an attractive option because renewable resources available in the United States, taken collectively, can supply significantly greater amounts of electricity than the total current or projected domestic demand." .

Q1: Why is renewable energy an attractive option?
A1: can supply significantly greater amounts of electricity than the total current or projected domestic demand
Q2: In what country is the National Research Council located?
A2: United States
Q3: Sufficient domestic reneewable resources exist for what reason?
A3: to allow renewable electricity to play a significant role in future electricity generation
Classical_music (Music)

Similarly, movies and television often revert to standard, clichéd snatches of classical music to convey refinement or opulence: some of the most-often heard pieces in this category include Bach´s Cello Suite No. 1, Mozart's Eine kleine Nachtmusik, Vivaldi's Four Seasons, Mussorgsky's Night on Bald Mountain (as orchestrated by Rimsky-Korsakov), and Rossini's William Tell Overture.

Q1: What does classical music convey in movies and television?
A1: refinement or opulence
Q2: What piece by Vivaldi is used as a cliche to convey opulence?
A2: Four Seasons
Q3: What piece by Mozart is used as a cliche to convey refinement?
A3: Eine kleine Nachtmusik
Q4: Who wrote William Tell Overture?
A4: Rossini
Q5: Who wrote Night on Bald Mountain?
A5: Mussorgsky
Switzerland (Geography and places)

Similarly, the federal constitutional initiative allows citizens to put a constitutional amendment to a national vote, if 100,000 voters sign the proposed amendment within 18 months.[note 8] Parliament can supplement the proposed amendment with a counter-proposal, and then voters must indicate a preference on the ballot in case both proposals are accepted. Constitutional amendments, whether introduced by initiative or in Parliament, must be accepted by a double majority of the national popular vote and the cantonal popular votes.[note 9]

Q1: How many voters are needed to put a constitutional amendment to a national vote?
A1: 100,000
Q2: How long do citizens have to collect enough votes for a national vote on a constitutional amendment?
A2: 18 months
Q3: What can Parliament supplement the amendment proposed by the citizens with?
A3: a counter-proposal
Q4: What must voters do on the ballot when Parliament adds a supplement?
A4: indicate a preference
Q5: How much of the national popular vote and the cantonal popular vote is needed to pass a constitutional amendment?
A5: a double majority
Electric_motor (Engineering and technology)

Simple stepper motor drivers entirely energize or entirely de-energize the field windings, leading the rotor to "cog" to a limited number of positions; more sophisticated drivers can proportionally control the power to the field windings, allowing the rotors to position between the cog points and thereby rotate extremely smoothly. This mode of operation is often called microstepping. Computer controlled stepper motors are one of the most versatile forms of positioning systems, particularly when part of a digital servo-controlled system.

Q1: What is a trait of a sophisticated stepper motor?
A1: proportionally control the power to the field windings
Q2: What does proportinal control of the field windings in a stepper motor achieve?
A2: rotate extremely smoothly
Q3: What is another name for smooth rotation?
A3: microstepping
Q4: With what other device are stepper motors most versatile?
A4: digital servo-controlled system
Videoconferencing (History)

Simultaneous videoconferencing among three or more remote points is possible by means of a Multipoint Control Unit (MCU). This is a bridge that interconnects calls from several sources (in a similar way to the audio conference call). All parties call the MCU, or the MCU can also call the parties which are going to participate, in sequence. There are MCU bridges for IP and ISDN-based videoconferencing. There are MCUs which are pure software, and others which are a combination of hardware and software. An MCU is characterised according to the number of simultaneous calls it can handle, its ability to conduct transposing of data rates and protocols, and features such as Continuous Presence, in which multiple parties can be seen on-screen at once. MCUs can be stand-alone hardware devices, or they can be embedded into dedicated videoconferencing units.

Q1: What enables videoconferencing to connect three or more remote points?
A1: Multipoint Control Unit (MCU)
Q2: What is one type of MCU bridge?
A2: IP
Q3: In what way can an MCU be characterized?
A3: the number of simultaneous calls it can handle
Q4: What feature enables an MCU to allow for multiple parties to be seen on screen at the same time?
A4: Continuous Presence
Q5: Where can an MCU be embedded?
A5: dedicated videoconferencing units
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser (History)

Simultaneous with Israel's February raid, the Baghdad Pact was formed between some regional allies of the UK. Nasser considered the Baghdad Pact a threat to his efforts to eliminate British military influence in the Middle East, and a mechanism to undermine the Arab League and "perpetuate [Arab] subservience to Zionism and [Western] imperialism". Nasser felt that if he was to maintain Egypt's regional leadership position he needed to acquire modern weaponry to arm his military. When it became apparent to him that Western countries would not supply Egypt under acceptable financial and military terms, Nasser turned to the Eastern Bloc and concluded a US$320,000,000 armaments agreement with Czechoslovakia on 27 September. Through the Czechoslovakian arms deal, the balance of power between Egypt and Israel was more or less equalized and Nasser's role as the Arab leader defying the West was enhanced.

Q1: What agreement ran contrary to Nasser's efforts?
A1: Baghdad Pact
Q2: What did Nasser feel his military needed to oppose the West?
A2: modern weaponry
Q3: From what country did Nasser buy arms?
A3: Czechoslovakia
Q4: How much money did Nasser spend on weapons?
A4: US$320,000,000
Q5: How did the military relationship between Egypt and Israel change?
A5: equalized
Montana (Geography and places)

Simultaneously with these conflicts, bison, a keystone species and the primary protein source that Native people had survived on for centuries were being destroyed. Some estimates say there were over 13 million bison in Montana in 1870. In 1875, General Philip Sheridan pleaded to a joint session of Congress to authorize the slaughtering of herds in order to deprive the Indians of their source of food. By 1884, commercial hunting had brought bison to the verge of extinction; only about 325 bison remained in the entire United States.

Q1: About how many bison were in Montana in 1870?
A1: over 13 million
Q2: In 1884 about how many bison remained?
A2: about 325
Q3: Who pleaded to Congress for slaughtering bison?
A3: General Philip Sheridan
Q4: What year did General Sheridan approach Congress about killing bison?
A4: 1875
Westminster_Abbey (Art and architecture)

Since 1066, when Harold Godwinson and William the Conqueror were crowned, the coronations of English and British monarchs have been held there. There have been at least 16 royal weddings at the abbey since 1100. Two were of reigning monarchs (Henry I and Richard II), although, before 1919, there had been none for some 500 years.

Q1: Who were the first monarchs crowned at Westminster Abbey?
A1: Harold Godwinson and William the Conqueror
Q2: Since when have coronations been held at Westminster Abbey?
A2: 1066
Q3: How many royal weddings have occurred at the abbey?
A3: 16
Q4: Which two reigning monarchs had weddings at the abbey?
A4: Henry I and Richard II
Q5: When did royal weddings begin at the church?
A5: 1100
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States (History)

Since 1642 (in the 13 colonies, the United States under the Articles of Confederation, and the current United States) an estimated 364 juvenile offenders have been put to death by the states and the federal government. The earliest known execution of a prisoner for crimes committed as a juvenile was Thomas Graunger in 1642. Twenty-two of the executions occurred after 1976, in seven states. Due to the slow process of appeals, it was highly unusual for a condemned person to be under 18 at the time of execution. The youngest person to be executed in the 20th century was George Stinney, who was electrocuted in South Carolina at the age of 14 on June 16, 1944. The last execution of a juvenile may have been Leonard Shockley, who died in the Maryland gas chamber on April 10, 1959, at the age of 17. No one has been under age 19 at time of execution since at least 1964. Since the reinstatement of the death penalty in 1976, 22 people have been executed for crimes committed under the age of 18. Twenty-one were 17 at the time of the crime. The last person to be executed for a crime committed as a juvenile was Scott Hain on April 3, 2003 in Oklahoma.

Q1: About how many American juveniles have been executed since 1642?
A1: 364
Q2: In what year was Thomas Graunger executed?
A2: 1642
Q3: Since 1976, how many Americans have been executed for crimes committed as juveniles?
A3: Twenty-two
Q4: How old was George Stinney when he was executed?
A4: 14
Q5: What method was used to execute Leonard Shockley?
A5: gas chamber
British_Empire (History)

Since 1718, transportation to the American colonies had been a penalty for various criminal offences in Britain, with approximately one thousand convicts transported per year across the Atlantic. Forced to find an alternative location after the loss of the 13 Colonies in 1783, the British government turned to the newly discovered lands of Australia. The western coast of Australia had been discovered for Europeans by the Dutch explorer Willem Jansz in 1606 and was later named New Holland by the Dutch East India Company, but there was no attempt to colonise it. In 1770 James Cook discovered the eastern coast of Australia while on a scientific voyage to the South Pacific Ocean, claimed the continent for Britain, and named it New South Wales. In 1778, Joseph Banks, Cook's botanist on the voyage, presented evidence to the government on the suitability of Botany Bay for the establishment of a penal settlement, and in 1787 the first shipment of convicts set sail, arriving in 1788. Britain continued to transport convicts to New South Wales until 1840. The Australian colonies became profitable exporters of wool and gold, mainly because of gold rushes in the colony of Victoria, making its capital Melbourne the richest city in the world and the largest city after London in the British Empire.

Q1: How many convicts per year had Britain been sending to the American colonies?
A1: one thousand
Q2: Where did Britain switch to sending their convicts after the loss of the American colonies?
A2: Australia
Q3: Who discovered Australia in 1606?
A3: Willem Jansz
Q4: What had the Dutch East India Company initially named Australia?
A4: New Holland
Q5: When did the first shipment of British convicts leave for Australia?
A5: 1787
East_Prussia (History)

Since 1875, with the strengthening of self-rule, the urban and rural districts (Kreise) within each province (sometimes within each governorate) formed a corporation with common tasks and assets (schools, traffic installations, hospitals, cultural institutions, jails etc.) called the Provinzialverband (provincial association). Initially the assemblies of the urban and rural districts elected representatives for the provincial diets (Provinziallandtage), which were thus indirectly elected. As of 1919 the provincial diets (or as to governorate diets, the so-called Kommunallandtage) were directly elected by the citizens of the provinces (or governorates, respectively). These parliaments legislated within the competences transferred to the provincial associations. The provincial diet of East Prussia elected a provincial executive body (government), the provincial committee (Provinzialausschuss), and a head of province, the Landeshauptmann ("Land Captain"; till the 1880s titled Landdirektor, land director).

Q1: What were common task of the corporation formed by the urban and rural districts?
A1: schools, traffic installations, hospitals, cultural institutions, jails
Q2: What was the name of the corporation that looked over common task?
A2: Provinzialverband
Q3: What has since happened from 1919 that involve the provincial diets?
A3: elected by the citizens of the provinces
51st_state (Language and literature)

Since 1898, Puerto Rico has had limited representation in the Congress in the form of a Resident Commissioner, a nonvoting delegate. The 110th Congress returned the Commissioner's power to vote in the Committee of the Whole, but not on matters where the vote would represent a decisive participation. Puerto Rico has elections on the United States presidential primary or caucus of the Democratic Party and the Republican Party to select delegates to the respective parties' national conventions although presidential electors are not granted on the Electoral College. As American citizens, Puerto Ricans can vote in U.S. presidential elections, provided they reside in one of the 50 states or the District of Columbia and not in Puerto Rico itself.

Q1: How long has Puerto Rico had representation in Congress?
A1: Since 1898
Q2: Who represents Puerto Rico in Congress?
A2: a Resident Commissioner
Q3: Which Congress gave the commissioner the power to vote?
A3: The 110th Congress
Q4: What is the commissioner not allowed to vote on?
A4: on matters where the vote would represent a decisive participation
Hunting (Sports and recreation)

Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps has generated $670 million, and helped to purchase or lease 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat. The stamps serve as a license to hunt migratory birds, an entrance pass for all National Wildlife Refuge areas, and are also considered collectors items often purchased for aesthetic reasons outside of the hunting and birding communities. Although non-hunters buy a significant number of Duck Stamps, eighty-seven percent of their sales are contributed by hunters, which is logical, as hunters are required to purchase them. Distribution of funds is managed by the Migratory Bird Conservation Commission (MBCC).

Q1: How much money has the sale of Federal Duck Stamps generated since 1934?
A1: $670 million
Q2: How many acres has the sale of Federal Duck Stamps helped to purchase or lease since 1934?
A2: 5,200,000 acres
Q3: What do the stamps give the purchaser a license to do?
A3: hunt migratory birds
Q4: Who accounts for eighty-seven percent of the sale of duck stamps?
A4: hunters
Q5: Who manages the distribution of the funds obtained by the sale of the stamps?
A5: Migratory Bird Conservation Commission
Q6: How much money has been generated due to the Duck Stamp act?
A6: $670 million
Q7: How much land has the Duck Stamp Act help purchase?
A7: 5,200,000 acres
Q8: What do the Duck Stamps serve as?
A8: license to hunt migratory birds
Q9: What percent of sales are contributed by hunters?
A9: eighty-seven
Q10: Who manages distribution of funds?
A10: Migratory Bird Conservation Commission (MBCC)
Canadian_Armed_Forces (Warfare)

Since 1947, Canadian military units have participated in more than 200 operations worldwide, and completed 72 international operations. Canadian soldiers, sailors, and aviators came to be considered world-class professionals through conspicuous service during these conflicts and the country's integral participation in NATO during the Cold War, First Gulf War, Kosovo War, and in United Nations Peacekeeping operations, such as the Suez Crisis, Golan Heights, Cyprus, Croatia, Bosnia, Afghanistan, and Libya. Canada maintained an aircraft carrier from 1957 to 1970 during the Cold War, which never saw combat but participated in patrols during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Q1: How many operations has the Canadian Military been part of since 1947?
A1: more than 200 operations
Q2: How many operations have been completed by the Canadian Military Internationally?
A2: 72
Q3: What are some of the wars the Canadian Military was involved in?
A3: Cold War, First Gulf War, Kosovo War
Q4: What peace keeping effort is the Canadian Military part of?
A4: United Nations Peacekeeping operations
Q5: What type of military vehicle was maintained almost 15 years but never saw any action during the Cuban crisis?
A5: an aircraft carrier
Cardinal_(Catholicism) (History)

Since 1962, the cardinal bishops have only a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees, with no powers of governance over them. Each see has its own bishop, with the exception of Ostia, in which the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator.

Q1: Cardinal bishops do not have any powers of governnace over the suburibicarian see since when?
A1: 1962
Q2: Which see doesn't have its own bishop?
A2: Ostia
Q3: Who is in charge of Ostia? 
A3: Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator.
Q4: In what year was it decided that cardinal bishops had no power over the seven sees?
A4: 1962
Q5: What see is the one exception to this rule?
A5: Ostia
Q6: Who has power over the exception?
A6: the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome
Cyprus (Geography and places)

Since 1965, following clashes between the two communities, the Turkish Cypriot seats in the House remain vacant. In 1974 Cyprus was divided de facto when the Turkish army occupied the northern third of the island. The Turkish Cypriots subsequently declared independence in 1983 as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus but were recognised only by Turkey. In 1985 the TRNC adopted a constitution and held its first elections. The United Nations recognises the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus over the entire island of Cyprus.

Q1: In what years was Cyprus divided?
A1: 1974
Q2: Which part of Cyprus was occupied by the Turkish army?
A2: northern third of the island
Q3: In 1983, Turkish Cypriots declared what?
A3: independence
Q4: What organization recognizes the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus?
A4: The United Nations
High-definition_television (Engineering and technology)

Since 1972, International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) had been working on creating a global recommendation for Analog HDTV. These recommendations, however, did not fit in the broadcasting bands which could reach home users. The standardization of MPEG-1 in 1993 also led to the acceptance of recommendations ITU-R BT.709. In anticipation of these standards the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) organisation was formed, an alliance of broadcasters, consumer electronics manufacturers and regulatory bodies. The DVB develops and agrees upon specifications which are formally standardised by ETSI.

Q1: What does ITU-R stand for?
A1: International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector
Q2: What does DVB stand for?
A2: Digital Video Broadcasting
Q3: What is the DVB?
A3: an alliance of broadcasters, consumer electronics manufacturers and regulatory bodies
Q4: What is the DVB's role?
A4: develops and agrees upon specifications
Q5: Who standardizes HDTV specifications?
A5: ETSI
Plymouth (History)

Since 1973 Plymouth has been supplied water by South West Water. Prior to the 1973 take over it was supplied by Plymouth County Borough Corporation. Before the 19th century two leats were built in order to provide drinking water for the town. They carried water from Dartmoor to Plymouth. A watercourse, known as Plymouth or Drake's Leat, was opened on 24 April 1591 to tap the River Meavy. The Devonport Leat was constructed to carry fresh drinking water to the expanding town of Devonport and its ever growing dockyard. It was fed by three Dartmoor rivers: The West Dart, Cowsic and Blackabrook. It seems to have been carrying water since 1797, but it was officially completed in 1801. It was originally designed to carry water to Devonport town, but has since been shortened and now carries water to Burrator Reservoir, which feeds most of the water supply of Plymouth. Burrator Reservoir is located about 5 miles (8 km) north of the city and was constructed in 1898 and expanded in 1928.

Q1: When did Plymouth begin receiving water from South West Water?
A1: 1973
Q2: Who provided Plymouth's water prior to 1973?
A2: Plymouth County Borough Corporation
Q3: When did Drake's Leat open?
A3: 24 April 1591
Q4: From where did Drake's Leat draw water?
A4: River Meavy
Q5: When did construction finish on Devonport Leat?
A5: 1801
Royal_assent (History)

Since 1993, the Sodor and Man Diocesan Synod has had power to enact measures making provision "with respect to any matter concerning the Church of England in the Island". If approved by Tynwald, a measure "shall have the force and effect of an Act of Tynwald upon the Royal Assent thereto being announced to Tynwald". Between 1979 and 1993, the Synod had similar powers, but limited to the extension to the Isle of Man of measures of the General Synod. Before 1994, royal assent was granted by Order in Council, as for a bill, but the power to grant royal assent to measures has now been delegated to the lieutenant governor. A Measure does not require promulgation.

Q1: Since 1993, which body has had power to enact measures?
A1: Sodor and Man Diocesan Synod
Q2: This body makes provisions in respect to matters concerning whom?
A2: Church of England in the Island
Q3: Up until 1994, royal assent was given by whom?
A3: Order in Council
Q4: Which position now has the power to grant royal assent?
A4: lieutenant governor
Q5: Before what year was royal assent approved by Order in Council?
A5: 1994
Q6: Who currently holds the power to grant royal assent to measures?
A6: the lieutenant governor
Q7: During which years did the Synod have power to enact measures?
A7: Between 1979 and 1993