LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Poultry (Natural sciences)

In many countries, national and regional poultry shows are held where enthusiasts exhibit their birds which are judged on certain phenotypical breed traits as specified by their respective breed standards. The idea of poultry exhibition may have originated after cockfighting was made illegal, as a way of maintaining a competitive element in poultry husbandry. Breed standards were drawn up for egg-laying, meat-type, and purely ornamental birds, aiming for uniformity. Sometimes, poultry shows are part of general livestock shows, and sometimes they are separate events such as the annual "National Championship Show" in the United Kingdom organised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain.

Q1: Is there a pplace where lovers of the chicken are able to see some of its best attributes ?
A1: In many countries, national and regional poultry shows are held where enthusiasts exhibit their birds
Q2: In such competitions what are the chickens juged on? What attibutes are considered viable?
A2: birds which are judged on certain phenotypical breed traits as specified by their respective breed standards
Q3: Are there breed standards used for the competitions?
A3: Breed standards were drawn up for egg-laying, meat-type, and purely ornamental birds, aiming for uniformity
Q4: What are some of the most widely known poultry tournaments?
A4: the annual "National Championship Show" in the United Kingdom organised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain.
Q5: From where does the idea of a poultry tournament orginate?
A5: The idea of poultry exhibition may have originated after cockfighting was made illegal, as a way of maintaining a competitive element in poultry husbandry
Aspirated_consonant (Language and literature)

In many languages, such as Armenian, Korean, Thai, Indo-Aryan languages, Dravidian languages, Icelandic, Ancient Greek, and the varieties of Chinese, tenuis and aspirated consonants are phonemic. Unaspirated consonants like [p˭ s˭] and aspirated consonants like [pʰ ʰp sʰ] are separate phonemes, and words are distinguished by whether they have one or the other.

Q1: In languages like Thai and Icelandic, tenuis and aspirated consonants are what?
A1: phonemic
Q2: [p˭ s˭] and [pʰ ʰp sʰ] are separate what?
A2: phonemes
Pharmaceutical_industry (Natural sciences)

In many non-US western countries a 'fourth hurdle' of cost effectiveness analysis has developed before new technologies can be provided. This focuses on the efficiency (in terms of the cost per QALY) of the technologies in question rather than their efficacy. In England and Wales NICE decides whether and in what circumstances drugs and technologies will be made available by the NHS, whilst similar arrangements exist with the Scottish Medicines Consortium in Scotland, and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee in Australia. A product must pass the threshold for cost-effectiveness if it is to be approved. Treatments must represent 'value for money' and a net benefit to society.

Q1: NICE decides the availability of drugs in which two countries?
A1: England and Wales
Q2: What is the name of the organization in Scotland that decides the availability of drugs?
A2: Scottish Medicines Consortium
Q3: What threshold must a drug pass before it is approved?
A3: cost-effectiveness
Association_football (History)

In many parts of the world football evokes great passions and plays an important role in the life of individual fans, local communities, and even nations. R. Kapuscinski says that Europeans who are polite, modest, or humble fall easily into rage when playing or watching football games. The Côte d'Ivoire national football team helped secure a truce to the nation's civil war in 2006 and it helped further reduce tensions between government and rebel forces in 2007 by playing a match in the rebel capital of Bouaké, an occasion that brought both armies together peacefully for the first time. By contrast, football is widely considered to have been the final proximate cause for the Football War in June 1969 between El Salvador and Honduras. The sport also exacerbated tensions at the beginning of the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s, when a match between Dinamo Zagreb and Red Star Belgrade degenerated into rioting in May 1990.

Q1: In 2006, which team helps secure a truce during a civil war?
A1: Côte d'Ivoire
Q2: What city did a peaceful match between two armies take place in 2007?
A2: Bouaké
Q3: When did the Football War happen?
A3: June 1969
Q4: Football made which wars more tense in the 1990's?
A4: Yugoslav Wars
Tuberculosis (Natural sciences)

In many people, the infection waxes and wanes. Tissue destruction and necrosis are often balanced by healing and fibrosis. Affected tissue is replaced by scarring and cavities filled with caseous necrotic material. During active disease, some of these cavities are joined to the air passages bronchi and this material can be coughed up. It contains living bacteria, so can spread the infection. Treatment with appropriate antibiotics kills bacteria and allows healing to take place. Upon cure, affected areas are eventually replaced by scar tissue.

Q1: What process replaces tissue damaged by TB?
A1: scarring
Q2: What material can sometimes be expelled by coughing if the cavities it's stored in connect to bronchi?
A2: caseous necrotic material
Q3: What type of bacteria-attacking medicine will treat tuberculosis?
A3: antibiotics
Q4: Are the bacteria in caseous necrotic material living or dead?
A4: living
Switzerland (Geography and places)

In many places in Switzerland, household rubbish disposal is charged for. Rubbish (except dangerous items, batteries etc.) is only collected if it is in bags which either have a payment sticker attached, or in official bags with the surcharge paid at the time of purchase. This gives a financial incentive to recycle as much as possible, since recycling is free. Illegal disposal of garbage is not tolerated but usually the enforcement of such laws is limited to violations that involve the unlawful disposal of larger volumes at traffic intersections and public areas. Fines for not paying the disposal fee range from CHF 200–500.

Q1: What does Switzerland charge for the disposal of in order to encourage recycling?
A1: Rubbish
Q2: What are the fines for not paying the rubbish disposal fee?
A2: from CHF 200–500
Q3: What is the charge for recycling in Switzerland?
A3: free
Group_(mathematics) (Mathematics)

In many situations it is desirable to consider two group elements the same if they differ by an element of a given subgroup. For example, in D4 above, once a reflection is performed, the square never gets back to the r2 configuration by just applying the rotation operations (and no further reflections), i.e. the rotation operations are irrelevant to the question whether a reflection has been performed. Cosets are used to formalize this insight: a subgroup H defines left and right cosets, which can be thought of as translations of H by arbitrary group elements g. In symbolic terms, the left and right cosets of H containing g are

Q1: When is it preferable to consider two group elements to be the same?
A1: irrelevant to the question whether a reflection has been performed
Q2: What should not be considered when asking if a reflection has been performed?
A2: rotation operations
Q3: What number sets are used to show how subgroups can be seen as translations of the larger group?
A3: Cosets
Beer (Agriculture, food, and drink)

In many societies, beer is the most popular alcoholic drink. Various social traditions and activities are associated with beer drinking, such as playing cards, darts, or other pub games; attending beer festivals; engaging in zythology (the study of beer); visiting a series of pubs in one evening; visiting breweries; beer-oriented tourism; or rating beer. Drinking games, such as beer pong, are also popular. A relatively new profession is that of the beer sommelier, who informs restaurant patrons about beers and food pairings.

Q1: What is the term used for the study of beer?
A1: zythology
Q2: What is a professional called at a restaurant who advises customers about beer and food pairs?
A2: beer sommelier
Q3: What is a popular drinking game where beer is often considered?
A3: beer pong
Q4: What is the most popular alcoholic drink in most societies?
A4: beer
Dialect (Language and literature)

In many societies, however, a particular dialect, often the sociolect of the elite class, comes to be identified as the "standard" or "proper" version of a language by those seeking to make a social distinction, and is contrasted with other varieties. As a result of this, in some contexts the term "dialect" refers specifically to varieties with low social status. In this secondary sense of "dialect", language varieties are often called dialects rather than languages:

Q1: With what social class it the standard dialect commonly associated?
A1: the elite class
Q2: What social status is the term "dialect" sometimes associated with?
A2: low
Q3: What is another term for language varieties?
A3: dialects
Geological_history_of_Earth (Natural sciences)

In many ways, the Paleocene continued processes that had begun during the late Cretaceous Period. During the Paleocene, the continents continued to drift toward their present positions. Supercontinent Laurasia had not yet separated into three continents. Europe and Greenland were still connected. North America and Asia were still intermittently joined by a land bridge, while Greenland and North America were beginning to separate. The Laramide orogeny of the late Cretaceous continued to uplift the Rocky Mountains in the American west, which ended in the succeeding epoch. South and North America remained separated by equatorial seas (they joined during the Neogene); the components of the former southern supercontinent Gondwana continued to split apart, with Africa, South America, Antarctica and Australia pulling away from each other. Africa was heading north toward Europe, slowly closing the Tethys Ocean, and India began its migration to Asia that would lead to a tectonic collision and the formation of the Himalayas.

Q1: How many continents did Laurasia break into?
A1: three
Q2: In the Paleocene period Greenland was joined to which continent?
A2: North America
Q3: What mountain chain in the Cretaceous was lifted as a result of the Laramide oregeny?
A3: the Rocky Mountains
Q4: In which period did North and South america join?
A4: Neogene
Q5: Which ocean was closed when Africa moved northward during the Paleocene?
A5: Tethys
CBC_Television (History)

In markets where a digital transmitter was installed, existing coverage areas were not necessarily maintained. For instance, the CBC implemented a digital transmitter covering Fredericton, New Brunswick in the place of the existing transmitter covering Saint John, New Brunswick and Fredericton, and decided to maintain analogue service to Saint John. According to CBC's application for this transmitter to the CRTC, the population served by the digital transmitter would be 113,930 people versus 303,465 served by the existing analogue transmitter. In Victoria, the replacement of the Vancouver analogue transmitters with digital ones only allowed only some northeastern parts of the metropolitan area (total population 330,000) to receive either CBC or Radio-Canada.

Q1: How many people were intended to be served by digital transmitters, according to CBC's application?
A1: 113,930 people
Q2: How many people were previously served by analogue transmitters before the upgrade?
A2: 303,465
Q3: In what area of Victora was CBC and Radio-Canada available?
A3: only some northeastern parts
Professional_wrestling (Sports and recreation)

In matches with multiple competitors, an elimination system may be used. Any wrestler who has a fall scored against them is forced out of the match, and the match continues until only one remains. However, it is much more common when more than two wrestlers are involved to simply go one fall, with the one scoring the fall, regardless of who they scored it against, being the winner. In championship matches, this means that, unlike one-on-one matches (where the champion can simply disqualify themselves or get themselves counted out to retain the title via the "champion's advantag"), the champion does not have to be pinned or involved in the decision to lose the championship. However, heel champions often find advantages, not in champion's advantage, but in the use of weapons and outside interference, as these poly-sided matches tend to involve no holds barred rules.

Q1: What happens when a wrestler has a fall against them?
A1: is forced out of the match
Q2: What kind of rules does a poly-sided match usually have?
A2: no holds barred rules
Q3: What usually happens when two or more wrestlers are involved?
A3: to simply go one fall, with the one scoring the fall, regardless of who they scored it against, being the winner.
Q4: How can a champion lose a championship?
A4: does not have to be pinned or involved in the decision to lose the championship.
Group_(mathematics) (Mathematics)

In mathematics, a group is an algebraic structure consisting of a set of elements equipped with an operation that combines any two elements to form a third element. The operation satisfies four conditions called the group axioms, namely closure, associativity, identity and invertibility. One of the most familiar examples of a group is the set of integers together with the addition operation, but the abstract formalization of the group axioms, detached as it is from the concrete nature of any particular group and its operation, applies much more widely. It allows entities with highly diverse mathematical origins in abstract algebra and beyond to be handled in a flexible way while retaining their essential structural aspects. The ubiquity of groups in numerous areas within and outside mathematics makes them a central organizing principle of contemporary mathematics.

Q1: What is an arithmetical structure comprising of a set of elements including an operation that joins any two elements to form a third element?
A1: a group
Q2: What is the name used to describe the four conditions of closure, associativity, identity and invertibility?
A2: group axioms
Q3: What permits elements with different mathematical starting points to be taken care of in a flexible manner while holding their key basic aspects?
A3: abstract formalization of the group axioms
History_of_science (History)

In mathematics, the Persian mathematician Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi gave his name to the concept of the algorithm, while the term algebra is derived from al-jabr, the beginning of the title of one of his publications. What is now known as Arabic numerals originally came from India, but Muslim mathematicians did make several refinements to the number system, such as the introduction of decimal point notation. Sabian mathematician Al-Battani (850-929) contributed to astronomy and mathematics, while Persian scholar Al-Razi contributed to chemistry and medicine.

Q1: What was Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi's profession?
A1: mathematician
Q2: Where does the word "algebra" come from?
A2: al-jabr
Q3: Where did Arabic numerals originate?
A3: India
Q4: What did Muslim mathematicians add to Arabic numerals?
A4: decimal point notation
Q5: What area of science did Al-Razi contribute to?
A5: chemistry and medicine
Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation (Social sciences and society)

In mid 2011, the Foundation announced in its new "Water, Sanitation, Hygiene Strategy Overview" that its funding now focuses primarily on sanitation, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, because access to improved sanitation is lowest in those regions. Their grant-making focus has been since 2011 on sanitation science and technology ("transformative technologies"), delivery models at scale, urban sanitation markets, building demand for sanitation, measurement and evaluation as well as policy, advocacy and communications.

Q1: What did the foundation announce in 2011
A1: In mid 2011, the Foundation announced in its new "Water, Sanitation, Hygiene Strategy Overview"
Q2: What is the purpose of the new overview
A2: funding now focuses primarily on sanitation, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, because access to improved sanitation is lowest in those regions
Q3: What has been the focus since 2011
A3: Their grant-making focus has been since 2011 on sanitation science and technology ("transformative technologies")
Q4: What models have been delivered
A4: delivery models at scale, urban sanitation markets, building demand for sanitation, measurement and evaluation as well as policy, advocacy and communications
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser (History)

In mid May 1967, the Soviet Union issued warnings to Nasser of an impending Israeli attack on Syria, although Chief of Staff Mohamed Fawzi considered the warnings to be "baseless". According to Kandil, without Nasser's authorization, Amer used the Soviet warnings as a pretext to dispatch troops to Sinai on 14 May, and Nasser subsequently demanded UNEF's withdrawal. Earlier that day, Nasser received a warning from King Hussein of Israeli-American collusion to drag Egypt into war. The message had been originally received by Amer on 2 May, but was withheld from Nasser until the Sinai deployment on 14 May. Although in the preceding months, Hussein and Nasser had been accusing each other of avoiding a fight with Israel, Hussein was nonetheless wary that an Egyptian-Israeli war would risk the West Bank's occupation by Israel. Nasser still felt that the US would restrain Israel from attacking due to assurances that he received from the US and Soviet Union. In turn, he also reassured both powers that Egypt would only act defensively.

Q1: What country warned Nasser that Israel wanted to attack Syria?
A1: Soviet Union
Q2: What did Amer do without Nasser's approval?
A2: dispatch troops to Sinai
Q3: What nations were trying to drag Egypt into a war, according to King Hussein?
A3: Israeli-American
Q4: What territory was King Hussein afraid Israel would obtain?
A4: West Bank
Q5: Who did Nasser think would prevent Israel from launching an offensive?
A5: US
Egypt (Geography and places)

In mid May 1967, the Soviet Union issued warnings to Nasser of an impending Israeli attack on Syria. Although the chief of staff Mohamed Fawzi verified them as "baseless", Nasser took three successive steps that made the war virtually inevitable: On 14 May he deployed his troops in Sinai near the border with Israel, on 19 May he expelled the UN peacekeepers stationed in the Sinai Peninsula border with Israel, and on 23 May he closed the Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping. On 26 May Nasser declared, "The battle will be a general one and our basic objective will be to destroy Israel".

Q1: Who warned of impending Israeli attack on Syria in May 1967?
A1: Soviet Union i
Q2: Who found the claims of Israeli attack baseless?
A2: Mohamed Fawzi
Q3: How many steps did Nasser take in preparation for war?
A3: three successive steps
Q4: On what day did Nasser state "The battle will be a general one and our basic objective will be to destroy Israel?"
A4: 23 May
Pacific_War (History)

In mid-1944 Japan mobilized over 500,000 men  and launched a massive operation across China under the code name Operation Ichi-Go, their largest offensive of World War II, with the goal of connecting Japanese-controlled territory in China and French Indochina and capturing airbases in southeastern China where American bombers were based. During this time, many of the newest American-trained Chinese units and supplies were forcibly locked in the Burmese theater under Joseph Stilwell set by terms of the Lend-Lease Agreement. Though Japan suffered about 100,000 casualties, these attacks, the biggest in several years, gained much ground for Japan before Chinese forces stopped the incursions in Guangxi. Despite major tactical victories, the operation overall failed to provide Japan with any significant strategic gains. A great majority of the Chinese forces were able to retreat out of the area, and later come back to attack Japanese positions such as Battle of West Hunan. Japan was not any closer in defeating China after this operation, and the constant defeats the Japanese suffered in the Pacific meant that Japan never got the time and resources needed to achieve final victory over China. Operation Ichi-go created a great sense of social confusion in the areas of China that it affected. Chinese Communist guerrillas were able to exploit this confusion to gain influence and control of greater areas of the countryside in the aftermath of Ichi-go.

Q1: What was the code name for the mid-1944 offensive across China?
A1: Operation Ichi-Go
Q2: What was the largest Japanese offensive in World War II?
A2: Operation Ichi-Go
Q3: Where did the Chinese stop the Operation Ichi-Go incursion?
A3: Guangxi
Q4: Who was able to take advantage of the social confusion created by Operation Ichi-Go?
A4: Chinese Communist guerrillas
Q5: How many casualties did the Japanese suffer during Operation Ichi-Go?
A5: about 100,000
Muammar_Gaddafi (History)

In mid-1969, Idris travelled abroad to spend the summer in Turkey and Greece. Gaddafi's Free Officers recognized this as their chance to overthrow the monarchy, initiating "Operation Jerusalem". On 1 September, they occupied airports, police depots, radio stations and government offices in Tripoli and Benghazi. Gaddafi took control of the Berka barracks in Benghazi, while Omar Meheisha occupied Tripoli barracks and Jalloud seized the city's anti-aircraft batteries. Khweldi Hameidi was sent to arrest crown prince Sayyid Hasan ar-Rida al-Mahdi as-Sanussi, and force him to relinquish his claim to the throne. They met no serious resistance, and wielded little violence against the monarchists.

Q1: When Gaddafi staged his coup, did he need to use a great show of violence?
A1: They met no serious resistance, and wielded little violence against the monarchists.
Q2: When did Gaddafi decide to stage his coup?
A2: In mid-1969, Idris travelled abroad to spend the summer in Turkey and Greece.
Q3: What was Gaddafi's coup called?
A3: Operation Jerusalem
Q4: What did Gaddafi seize during the coup?
A4: Gaddafi took control of the Berka barracks in Benghazi,
Q5: What did Hameidi do during the coup?
A5: Hameidi was sent to arrest crown prince Sayyid Hasan ar-Rida al-Mahdi as-Sanussi, and force him to relinquish his claim to the throne.
Q6: What countries did Idris visit in the summer of 1969?
A6: Turkey and Greece
Q7: What was the code name for Gaddafi's coup against the monarchy?
A7: Operation Jerusalem
Q8: What leader's forces occupied the barracks in Tripoli?
A8: Omar Meheisha
Q9: Who arrested Sayyid Hasan ar-Rida al-Mahdi as-Sanussi?
A9: Khweldi Hameidi
Q10: What revolutionary leader took control of the anti-aircraft equipment in Tripoli?
A10: Jalloud
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

In mid-2004 Madonna embarked on the Re-Invention World Tour in the U.S., Canada, and Europe. It became the highest-grossing tour of 2004, earning around $120 million and became the subject of her documentary I'm Going to Tell You a Secret. In November 2004, she was inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame as one of its five founding members, along with The Beatles, Elvis Presley, Bob Marley, and U2. In January 2005, Madonna performed a cover version of the John Lennon song "Imagine" at Tsunami Aid. She also performed at the Live 8 benefit concert in London in July 2005.

Q1: When was the Re-Invention World Tour kick off?
A1: mid-2004
Q2: HOw much did the tour earn?
A2: around $120 million
Q3: What was Madonna's documentary called?
A3: I'm Going to Tell You a Secret
Q4: When was Madonna inducted into the UK Hall of Fame?
A4: November 2004
Q5: When did Madonna perform at the Live 8 benefit concert in the UK?
A5: July 2005.