LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Madonna turned to her paternal grandmother for solace. The Ciccone siblings resented housekeepers and invariably rebelled against anyone brought into their home ostensibly to take the place of their beloved mother. Madonna later told Vanity Fair that she saw herself in her youth as a "lonely girl who was searching for something. I wasn't rebellious in a certain way. I cared about being good at something. I didn't shave my underarms and I didn't wear make-up like normal girls do. But I studied and I got good grades.... I wanted to be somebody." Terrified that her father Tony could be taken from her as well, Madonna was often unable to sleep unless she was near him.

Q1: Who did Madonna turn to for comfort during her mother's illness?
A1: paternal grandmother
Q2: How did the Ciccone siblings behaved towards anyone brought to their home to replace their beloved mother?
A2: rebelled
Q3: Who did Madonna tell in an interview that as a young girl, she was lonely and always searching for something?
A3: Vanity Fair
Q4: Afraid that Tony would be taken from her, what does she do?
A4: unable to sleep unless she was near him
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Madonna was born to Catholic parents Silvio Anthony "Tony" Ciccone (b. 1931) and Madonna Louise Fortin (c. 1933 – December 1, 1963) in Bay City, Michigan, on August 16, 1958. Her father's parents were immigrants from Pacentro, Italy, while her mother was of French-Canadian ancestry. Tony worked as an engineer designer for Chrysler and General Motors. Since Madonna had the same name as her mother, family members called her "Little Nonni". She has two elder brothers, Anthony (born 1956) and Martin (born 1957), and three younger siblings, Paula (born 1959), Christopher (born 1960), and Melanie (born 1962).

Q1: Madonna was born to which religion?
A1: Catholic
Q2: Where were Madonna's paternal grandparents come from?
A2: Pacentro, Italy
Q3: Madonna's mother was from which ancestry?
A3: French-Canadian
Q4: What was Tony's occupation?
A4: engineer designer
Q5: What was Madonna's nickname when she was younger?
A5: Little Nonni
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Madonna was criticized for her performance of "Like a Virgin" at the first 1984 MTV Video Music Awards (VMA). She appeared on stage atop a giant wedding cake, wearing a wedding dress and white gloves. The performance is noted by MTV as an iconic moment in VMA history. In later years, Madonna commented that she was terrified of the performance. The next hit was "Material Girl" promoted by her video, a mimicry of Marilyn Monroe's performance of the song "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend" from the 1953 film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. While filming this video, Madonna started dating actor Sean Penn. They married on her birthday in 1985. Like a Virgin was certified diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America and sold more than 25 million copies worldwide. In February 1984, according to the film director Sir Richard Attenborough, Madonna auditioned at the Royale Theatre on Broadway for a dance role in his movie version of A Chorus Line using her birth-name of Ciccone, but he rejected her.

Q1: Madonna was criticized for her performance of which song in the VMA?
A1: "Like a Virgin"
Q2: What was Madonna wearing during the performance of "Like A Virgin" at the VMA?
A2: a wedding dress
Q3: Her video of "Material Girl" was an imitation of which singer's song, "Diamonds are a girl's best friend?"
A3: Marilyn Monroe
Q4: When did Madonna married Sean Penn?
A4: on her birthday in 1985
Q5: When did Madonna audition for a dance role in the show "A Chorus Line?" 
A5: February 1984
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Madonna's Italian-Catholic background and her relationship with her parents are reflected in the album Like a Prayer. It was an evocation of the impact religion had on her career. Her video for the title track contains Catholic symbolism, such as the stigmata. During The Virgin Tour, she wore a rosary and prayed with it in the music video for "La Isla Bonita". The "Open Your Heart" video sees her boss scolding her in the Italian language. On the Who's That Girl World Tour, she dedicated the song "Papa Don't Preach" to Pope John Paul II.

Q1: What is Madonna's religious background?
A1: Italian-Catholic
Q2: Like a Prayer reflects Madonna's relationship with who?
A2: her parents
Q3: In which video did Madonna wear a rosary?
A3: La Isla Bonita"
Q4: In which video does it show Madonna being scolded by her boss in Italian?
A4: Open Your Heart
Q5: She dedicated Papa Don't Preach to whom?
A5: Pope John Paul II.
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Madonna's emergence occurred during the advent of MTV; Chris Nelson from The New York Times spoke of pop artists like Madonna saying, "MTV, with its almost exclusively lip-synched videos, ushered in an era in which average music fans might happily spend hours a day, every day, watching singers just mouth the words." The symbiotic relationship between the music video and lip-syncing led to a desire for the spectacle and imagery of the music video to be transferred to live stage shows. He added, "Artists like Madonna and Janet Jackson set new standards for showmanship, with concerts that included not only elaborate costumes and precision-timed pyrotechnics but also highly athletic dancing. These effects came at the expense of live singing." Thor Christensen of The Dallas Morning News commented that while Madonna earned a reputation for lip-syncing during her 1990 Blond Ambition World Tour, she has subsequently reorganized her performances by "stay[ing] mostly still during her toughest singing parts and [leaves] the dance routines to her backup troupe ... [r]ather than try to croon and dance up a storm at the same time."

Q1: Who had new standards of showmanship?
A1: Madonna and Janet Jackson
Q2: Who earned a reputation of lip synching in the Blond Ambition Tour?
A2: Madonna
Q3: What came as an expense of live singing?
A3: highly athletic dancing
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Madonna's initial music videos reflected her American and Hispanic mixed street style combined with a flamboyant glamor. She was able to transmit her avant-garde downtown New York fashion sense to the American audience. The imagery and incorporation of Hispanic culture and Catholic symbolism continued with the music videos from the True Blue era. Author Douglas Kellner noted, "such 'multiculturalism' and her culturally transgressive moves turned out to be highly successful moves that endeared her to large and varied youth audiences." Madonna's Spanish look in the videos became the fashion trend of that time, in the form of boleros and layered skirts, accessorizing with rosary beads and a crucifix as in the video of "La Isla Bonita".

Q1: What influence did Madonna music video reflects?
A1: American and Hispanic mixed street style
Q2: She transmit her avant garde style to which audience?
A2: American audience
Q3: Which look of Madonna became a fashion trend?
A3: Spanish look
Q4: What type of Spanish clothings were worn for the video La Ista Bonita?
A4: boleros and layered skirts
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Madonna's look and style of dressing, her performances, and her music videos influenced young girls and women. Her style became one of the female fashion trends of the 1980s. Created by stylist and jewelry designer Maripol, the look consisted of lace tops, skirts over capri pants, fishnet stockings, jewelry bearing the crucifix, bracelets, and bleached hair. Madonna achieved global recognition after the release of her second studio album, Like a Virgin, in November 1984. It topped the charts in several countries and became her first number one album on the Billboard 200. The title track, "Like a Virgin", topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart for six consecutive weeks. It attracted the attention of organizations who complained that the song and its accompanying video promoted premarital sex and undermined family values, and moralists sought to have the song and video banned.

Q1: Who did Madonna's look and style of dressing influence?
A1: young girls and women
Q2: When did Madonna's style become a fashion trend?
A2: 1980s
Q3: Who is the stylist and jewellery designer that created Madonna's look?
A3: Maripol
Q4: When did Madonna achieve global recognition?
A4: November 1984
Q5: How long did "Like a Virgin" stayed on the Billboard 100?
A5: six consecutive weeks
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Madonna's music has been the subject of much analysis and scrutiny. Robert M. Grant, author of Contemporary Strategy Analysis (2005), commented that what has brought Madonna success is "certainly not outstanding natural talent. As a vocalist, musician, dancer, songwriter, or actress, Madonna's talents seem modest." He asserts Madonna's success is in relying on the talents of others, and that her personal relationships have served as cornerstones to the numerous reinventions in the longevity of her career. Madonna's approach was far from the music industry wisdom of "Find a winning formula and stick to it." Her musical career has been a continuous experimentation with new musical ideas and new images and a constant quest for new heights of fame and acclaim. Grant concluded that "having established herself as the queen of popular music, Madonna did not stop there, but continued re-inventing." Musicologist Susan McClary wrote that "Madonna's art itself repeatedly deconstructs the traditional notion of the unified subject with finite ego boundaries. Her pieces explore various ways of constituting identities that refuse stability, that remain fluid, that resist definition."

Q1: Whose music had been the subject of a lot of scrutiny?
A1: Madonna's
Q2: Who is the author of Contemporary Strategic Analysis?
A2: Robert M. Grant
Q3: Who has established herself as a Queen of Popular Music?
A3: Madonna
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Madonna's popularity was further enhanced by her film roles, including Desperately Seeking Susan (1985), Dick Tracy (1990), and Evita (1996); the latter earned her a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress. However, most of her other films have been panned by critics. Her other ventures include fashion design, writing children's books, and filmmaking. She has been acclaimed as a businesswoman, particularly after she founded entertainment company Maverick (including the label Maverick Records). In 2007 she signed an unprecedented US $120 million 360 deal with Live Nation.

Q1: Name a film role that Madonna acted in.
A1: Desperately Seeking Susan
Q2: Which movie earned Madonna a Golden Globe Award?
A2: Evita
Q3: Name one of Madonna's other business ventures?
A3: fashion design
Q4: What is the name of the entertainment company that Madonna founded?
A4: Maverick
Q5: Which year did Madonna sign a $120 million deal with Live Nation?
A5: 2007
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Madonna's seventh studio album, Ray of Light, (1998) reflected a change in her image. She collaborated with electronica producer William Orbit and wanted to create a sound that could blend dance music with pop and British rock. American music critic Ann Powers explained that what Madonna searched for with Orbit "was a kind of a lushness that she wanted for this record. Techno and rave was happening in the 90's and had a lot of different forms. There was very experimental, more hard stuff like Aphex Twin. There was party stuff like Fatboy Slim. That's not what Madonna wanted for this. She wanted something more like a singer-songwriter, really. And William Orbit provided her with that."

Q1: What is the name of Madonna's seventh album?
A1: Ray of Light
Q2: What year was "Ray of Light" released?
A2: 1998
Q3: Which electronica producer did Madonna team up with for Ray of Light?
A3: William Orbit
Q4: Which type of music was popular during the 90s?
A4: Techno and rave
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Madonna's use of sexual imagery has benefited her career and catalyzed public discourse on sexuality and feminism. As Roger Chapman documents in Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints, and Voices, Volume 1 (2010), she has drawn frequent condemnation from religious organizations, social conservatives and parental watchdog groups for her use of explicit, sexual imagery and lyrics, religious symbolism, and otherwise "irreverent" behavior in her live performances. The Times wrote that she had "started a revolution amongst women in music ... Her attitudes and opinions on sex, nudity, style and sexuality forced the public to sit up and take notice." Professor John Fiske noted that the sense of empowerment that Madonna offers is inextricably connected with the pleasure of exerting some control over the meanings of self, of sexuality, and of one's social relations. In Doing Gender in Media, Art and Culture (2009), the authors noted that Madonna, as a female celebrity, performer, and pop icon, is able to unsettle standing feminist reflections and debates. According to lesbian feminist Sheila Jeffreys, Madonna represents woman's occupancy of what Monique Wittig calls the category of sex, as powerful, and appears to gleefully embrace the performance of the sexual corvée allotted to women. Professor Sut Jhally has referred to Madonna as "an almost sacred feminist icon."

Q1: Madonna used what to benefit her career?
A1: sexual imagery
Q2: Who started a revolution in music with women?
A2: Madonna
Q3: Who wrote that Madonna is an almost scared feminist icon?
A3: Professor Sut Jhally
Q4: Who is regarded as a feminist during her time?
A4: Madonna
Madrasa (Language and literature)

Madrasa (Arabic: مدرسة‎, madrasah, pl. مدارس, madāris, Turkish: Medrese) is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, whether secular or religious (of any religion). The word is variously transliterated madrasah, madarasaa, medresa, madrassa, madraza, medrese, etc. In the West, the word usually refers to a specific type of religious school or college for the study of the Islamic religion, though this may not be the only subject studied. Not all students in madaris are Muslims; there is also a modern curriculum.

Q1: What are the origins of the word madrasa?
A1: Arabic
Q2: What type of educational institution does the term madrasa refer?
A2: any type
Q3: In Western culture, the term madrasa widely refers to the practices of what religion?
A3: Islamic
Q4: How many students enrolled in madaris are Muslim?
A4: Not all
History_of_India (History)

Magadha (Sanskrit: मगध) formed one of the sixteen Mahā-Janapadas (Sanskrit: "Great Countries") or kingdoms in ancient India. The core of the kingdom was the area of Bihar south of the Ganges; its first capital was Rajagriha (modern Rajgir) then Pataliputra (modern Patna). Magadha expanded to include most of Bihar and Bengal with the conquest of Licchavi and Anga respectively, followed by much of eastern Uttar Pradesh and Orissa. The ancient kingdom of Magadha is heavily mentioned in Jain and Buddhist texts. It is also mentioned in the Ramayana, Mahabharata, Puranas. A state of Magadha, possibly a tribal kingdom, is recorded in Vedic texts much earlier in time than 600 BC. Magadha Empire had great rulers like Bimbisara and Ajatshatru.

Q1: Of what was Magadha one of sixteen?
A1: Mahā-Janapadas
Q2: How does the Sanskrit translate Maha-Janapadas?
A2: Great Countries
Q3: Where was the center of Magadha?
A3: Bihar
Q4: Where were there early records of the Magadha kingdom?
A4: Vedic texts
Q5: What time do the texts locating Magadha kingdom predate?
A5: 600 BC.
Hellenistic_period (History)

Magic was practiced widely, and these too, were a continuation from earlier times. Throughout the Hellenistic world, people would consult oracles, and use charms and figurines to deter misfortune or to cast spells. Also developed in this era was the complex system of astrology, which sought to determine a person's character and future in the movements of the sun, moon, and planets. Astrology was widely associated with the cult of Tyche (luck, fortune), which grew in popularity during this period.

Q1: How would people ward off misfortune in Hellenistic times?
A1: charms
Q2: What is the complex system based on the sun, moon, and planets movements that determine your personality?
A2: astrology
Q3: Astrology was associated with which cult?
A3: Tyche
Q4: What does Tyche mean?
A4: luck
Q5: What was the trajectory of Astrology during Hellenistic times?
A5: grew
Wayback_Machine (Engineering and technology)

Magistrate Judge Howard Lloyd in the Northern District of California, San Jose Division, rejected Netbula's arguments and ordered them to disable the robots.txt blockage temporarily in order to allow Chordiant to retrieve the archived pages that they sought.

Q1: Which judge presided over the Netbula v. Chordiant case?
A1: Magistrate Judge Howard Lloyd
Q2: In what jurisdiction was the Netbula v. Chordiant case tried?
A2: Northern District of California, San Jose Division
Q3: Which party won its argument regarding Netbula's robots.txt file?
A3: Chordiant
Szlachta (History)

Magnates often received gifts from monarchs, which significantly increased their wealth. Often, those gifts were only temporary leases, which the magnates never returned (in the 16th century, the anti-magnate opposition among szlachta was known as the ruch egzekucji praw—movement for execution of the laws—which demanded that all such possessions are returned to their proper owner, the king).

Q1: Magnates recieved gifts often from who?
A1: monarchs
Q2: What significantly increased the magnates wealth?
A2: Magnates
Q3: What terms were these gifts given?
A3: temporary leases
Q4: What did the magnates do eventually with the gifts?
A4: never returned
Punjab,_Pakistan (Geography and places)

Maharaja Ranjit Singh's death in the summer of 1839 brought political chaos and the subsequent battles of succession and the bloody infighting between the factions at court weakened the state. Relationships with neighbouring British territories then broke down, starting the First Anglo-Sikh War; this led to a British official being resident in Lahore and the annexation in 1849 of territory south of the Satluj to British India. After the Second Anglo-Sikh War in 1849, the Sikh Empire became the last territory to be merged into British India. In Jhelum 35 British soldiers of HM XXIV regiment were killed by the local resistance during the Indian Rebellion of 1857.[citation needed]

Q1: When did Ranjit Singh die?
A1: summer of 1839
Q2: What did Ranjit Singh's death cause?
A2: political chaos
Q3: When was part of Punjab annexed into British India?
A3: 1849
Q4: When was the Second Anglo-Sikh War?
A4: 1849
Q5: What was the last territory added to British India?
A5: the Sikh Empire
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

Mahayana Buddhism encourages everyone to become bodhisattvas and to take the bodhisattva vow, where the practitioner promises to work for the complete enlightenment of all beings by practicing the six pāramitās. According to Mahayana teachings, these perfections are: dāna, śīla, kṣanti, vīrya, dhyāna, and prajñā.

Q1: What buddhism encourages everyone to become bodhisattvas?
A1: Mahayana
Q2: What is the idea there the practitioner promises to work for the complete enlightenment of all beings by practicing the six paramitas?
A2: bodhisattva vow
Q3: What are the six perfections under Mahayana teachings?
A3: dāna, śīla, kṣanti, vīrya, dhyāna, and prajñā
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

Mahayana Buddhism flourished in India from the 5th century CE onwards, during the dynasty of the Guptas. Mahāyāna centres of learning were established, the most important one being the Nālandā University in north-eastern India.

Q1: What was the most important Mahayana centre of learning?
A1: Nālandā University
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

Mahayana Buddhism received significant theoretical grounding from Nagarjuna (perhaps c. 150–250 CE), arguably the most influential scholar within the Mahayana tradition. Nagarjuna's primary contribution to Buddhist philosophy was the systematic exposition of the concept of śūnyatā, or "emptiness", widely attested in the Prajñāpāramitā sutras that emerged in his era. The concept of emptiness brings together other key Buddhist doctrines, particularly anatta and dependent origination, to refute the metaphysics of Sarvastivada and Sautrantika (extinct non-Mahayana schools). For Nagarjuna, it is not merely sentient beings that are empty of ātman; all phenomena (dharmas) are without any svabhava (literally "own-nature" or "self-nature"), and thus without any underlying essence; they are "empty" of being independent; thus the heterodox theories of svabhava circulating at the time were refuted on the basis of the doctrines of early Buddhism. Nagarjuna's school of thought is known as the Mādhyamaka. Some of the writings attributed to Nagarjuna made explicit references to Mahayana texts, but his philosophy was argued within the parameters set out by the agamas. He may have arrived at his positions from a desire to achieve a consistent exegesis of the Buddha's doctrine as recorded in the Canon. In the eyes of Nagarjuna the Buddha was not merely a forerunner, but the very founder of the Mādhyamaka system.

Q1: Nagarjuna's main contribution was the exposition of the concept of what?
A1: śūnyatā
Q2: What does sunyata mean?
A2: emptiness
Q3: Nagarjuna said that sentient beings are empty of what?
A3: ātman
Q4: What does dharmas mean?
A4: phenomena
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

Mahayana schools recognize all or part of the Mahayana Sutras. Some of these sutras became for Mahayanists a manifestation of the Buddha himself, and faith in and veneration of those texts are stated in some sutras (e.g. the Lotus Sutra and the Mahaparinirvana Sutra) to lay the foundations for the later attainment of Buddhahood itself.

Q1: Mahayana schools recognize all or part of what?
A1: Mahayana Sutras
Q2: A few of the sutras for Mahayanists became a manifestation of who?
A2: the Buddha
Q3: Faith in and veneration of Mahayana are stated in what sutras?
A3: Lotus Sutra and the Mahaparinirvana Sutra
Adult_contemporary_music (Music)

Mainstream AC itself has evolved in a similar fashion over the years; traditional AC artists like Barbra Streisand, the Carpenters, Dionne Warwick, Barry Manilow, John Denver, and Olivia Newton-John found it harder to have major Top 40 hits as the 1980s wore on, and due to the influence of MTV, artists who were staples of the Contemporary Hit Radio format, such as Richard Marx, Michael Jackson, Bonnie Tyler, George Michael, Phil Collins, and Laura Branigan began crossing over to the AC charts with greater frequency. Collins has been described by AllMusic as "one of the most successful pop and adult contemporary singers of the '80s and beyond". However, with the combination of MTV and AC radio, adult contemporary appeared harder to define as a genre, with established soft-rock artists of the past still charting pop hits and receiving airplay alongside mainstream radio fare from newer artists at the time.

Q1: Along with Richard Marx, Bonnie Tyler, George Michael, Phil Collins, and Laura Branigan, what artist was also frequently played on Contemporary Hit Radio stations?
A1: Michael Jackson
Q2: What television station was responsible for the increasing success of Contemporary Hit Radio artists on the AC charts?
A2: MTV
Q3: Along with Barbra Streisand, the Carpenters, Dionne Warwick, Barry Manilow and Olivia Newton-John, what adult contemporary staple found it more difficult to score chart hits in the 1980s?
A3: John Denver
Q4: Who did Allmusic refer to as "one of the most successful pop and adult contemporary singers of the '80s and beyond"?
A4: Phil Collins