LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
War_on_Terror (History)

The conflict in northern Mali began in January 2012 with radical Islamists (affiliated to al-Qaeda) advancing into northern Mali. The Malian government had a hard time maintaining full control over their country. The fledgling government requested support from the international community on combating the Islamic militants. In January 2013, France intervened on behalf of the Malian government's request and deployed troops into the region. They launched Operation Serval on 11 January 2013, with the hopes of dislodging the al-Qaeda affiliated groups from northern Mali.

Q1: When did a Mali conflict begin?
A1: January 2012
Q2: What group were the Mali radicals affiliated with?
A2: al-Qaeda
Q3: When did France provide troops in Mali?
A3: January 2013
Q4: What did France call its Mali operation?
A4: Operation Serval
Q5: What was Operation Serval's goal?
A5: dislodging the al-Qaeda affiliated groups from northern Mali
Chicago_Cubs (Sports and recreation)

The confusion may stem from the fact that Major League Baseball did decide that, should the Cubs make it to the World Series, the American League winner would have home field advantage unless the Cubs hosted home games at an alternate site since the Cubs home field of Wrigley Field did not yet have lights. Rumor was the Cubs could hold home games across town at Comiskey Park, home of the American League's Chicago White Sox. Rather than hold any games in the cross town rival Sox Park, the Cubs made arrangements with the August A. Busch, owner of the St. Louis Cardinals, to use Busch Stadium in St. Louis as the Cubs "home field" for the World Series. This was approved by Major League Baseball and would have enabled the Cubs to host games 1 and 2, along with games 6 and 7 if necessary. At the time home field advantage was rotated between each league. Odd numbered years the AL had home field advantage. Even numbered years the NL had home field advantage. In the 1982 World Series the St. Louis Cardinals of the NL had home field advantage. In the 1983 World Series the Baltimore Orioles of the AL had home field advantage.

Q1: Why did the cubs need to host their home games at an alternative site?
A1: Wrigley Field did not yet have lights
Q2: Where was it rumored that the Cubs could home their home games?
A2: Comiskey Park
Q3: Comiskey Park was the home to what team?
A3: Chicago White Sox
Q4: Who had the home field advantage in 1983?
A4: Baltimore Orioles
Apollo (Philosophy and religion)

The connection with Dorians and their initiation festival apellai[clarification needed] is reinforced by the month Apellaios in northwest Greek calendars, but it can explain only the Doric type of the name, which is connected with the Ancient Macedonian word "pella" (Pella), stone. Stones played an important part in the cult of the god, especially in the oracular shrine of Delphi (Omphalos). The "Homeric hymn" represents Apollo as a Northern intruder. His arrival must have occurred during the "Dark Ages" that followed the destruction of the Mycenaean civilization, and his conflict with Gaia (Mother Earth) was represented by the legend of his slaying her daughter the serpent Python.

Q1: What does the word Pella mean?
A1: stone
Q2: What represents Apollo as a Northern intruder?
A2: Homeric hymn
Q3: What played an important part in the cult of the god?
A3: Stones
USB (Engineering and technology)

The connector construction always ensures that the external sheath on the plug makes contact with its counterpart in the receptacle before any of the four connectors within make electrical contact. The external metallic sheath is typically connected to system ground, thus dissipating damaging static charges. This enclosure design also provides a degree of protection from electromagnetic interference to the USB signal while it travels through the mated connector pair (the only location when the otherwise twisted data pair travels in parallel). In addition, because of the required sizes of the power and common connections, they are made after the system ground but before the data connections. This type of staged make-break timing allows for electrically safe hot-swapping.

Q1: Where is the external metallic sheet connected?
A1: typically connected to system ground
Q2: What provides a degree of protection from interference with the USB signal?
A2: This enclosure design
Q3: This type of stage make-break timing allows for what?
A3: electrically safe hot-swapping.
Czech_language (Language and literature)

The consensus among linguists is that modern, standard Czech originated during the eighteenth century. By then the language had developed a literary tradition, and since then it has changed little; journals from that period have no substantial differences from modern standard Czech, and contemporary Czechs can understand them with little difficulty. Changes include the morphological shift of í to ej and é to í (although é survives for some uses) and the merging of í and the former ejí. Sometime before the eighteenth century, the Czech language abandoned a distinction between phonemic /l/ and /ʎ/ which survives in Slovak.

Q1: When do linguists agree modern Czech originated?
A1: the eighteenth century
Q2: What had Czech developed by the 18th century?
A2: literary tradition
Q3: Journals from the 18th century have no substantial differences from what?
A3: modern standard Czech
Q4: How much difficulty do contemporary Czechs have in understanding material from the 18th century?
A4: little
Q5: What did the Czech language abandon which survives in Slovak?
A5: a distinction between phonemic /l/ and /ʎ/
Crucifixion_of_Jesus (Philosophy and religion)

The consensus of modern scholarship is that the New Testament accounts represent a crucifixion occurring on a Friday, but a Thursday or Wednesday crucifixion have also been proposed. Some scholars explain a Thursday crucifixion based on a "double sabbath" caused by an extra Passover sabbath falling on Thursday dusk to Friday afternoon, ahead of the normal weekly Sabbath. Some have argued that Jesus was crucified on Wednesday, not Friday, on the grounds of the mention of "three days and three nights" in Matthew before his resurrection, celebrated on Sunday. Others have countered by saying that this ignores the Jewish idiom by which a "day and night" may refer to any part of a 24-hour period, that the expression in Matthew is idiomatic, not a statement that Jesus was 72 hours in the tomb, and that the many references to a resurrection on the third day do not require three literal nights.

Q1: What day is presumed the Crucifixion happened?
A1: Friday
Q2: Why do some scholars propose a Thursday is possible?
A2: a "double sabbath" caused by an extra Passover sabbath
Q3: Why do some other scholars argue that it happened on a Wednesday?
A3: on the grounds of the mention of "three days and three nights" in Matthew
Q4: How long was Jesus said to be in the tomb?
A4: three days and three nights
Q5: Was Jesus in the tomb exactly 72 hours?
A5: references to a resurrection on the third day do not require three literal nights
Bird (Natural sciences)

The consensus view in contemporary paleontology is that the flying theropods, or avialans, are the closest relatives of the deinonychosaurs, which include dromaeosaurids and troodontids. Together, these form a group called Paraves. Some basal members of this group, such as Microraptor, have features which may have enabled them to glide or fly. The most basal deinonychosaurs were very small. This evidence raises the possibility that the ancestor of all paravians may have been arboreal, have been able to glide, or both. Unlike Archaeopteryx and the non-avialan feathered dinosaurs, who primarily ate meat, recent studies suggest that the first avialans were omnivores.

Q1: What are the closest relatives of the deinonychosaurs?
A1: flying theropods
Q2: What are the closest relatives of flying theropods?
A2: deinonychosaurs
Q3: Dromaeosaurids and troodontids are members of what group?
A3: deinonychosaurs
Swaziland (Geography and places)

The considerable spending did not lead to more growth and did not benefit the poor. Much of the increased spending has gone to current expenditures related to wages, transfers, and subsidies. The wage bill today constitutes over 15% of GDP and 55% of total public spending; these are some of the highest levels on the African continent. The recent rapid growth in SACU revenues has, however, reversed the fiscal situation, and a sizeable surplus was recorded since 2006. SACU revenues today account for over 60% of total government revenues. On the positive side, the external debt burden has declined markedly over the last 20 years, and domestic debt is almost negligible; external debt as a percent of GDP was less than 20% in 2006.

Q1: What amount of total public spending in Swaziland is going to wages?
A1: 55%
Q2: What amount of government revenue in Swaziland is from the SACU?
A2: 60% of total government revenues
Q3: What has happened to debt external onus  in Swaziland in the past two decades?
A3: declined markedly
Q4: What percentage of the GDP was represented by outside debt in Swaziland in 2006?
A4: less than 20%
PlayStation_3 (Video games)

The console was first officially announced at E3 2005, and was released at the end of 2006. It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium. The console was the first PlayStation to integrate social gaming services, included it being the first to introduce Sony's social gaming service, PlayStation Network, and its remote connectivity with PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita, being able to remote control the console from the devices. In September 2009, the Slim model of the PlayStation 3 was released, being lighter and thinner than the original version, which notably featured a redesigned logo and marketing design, as well as a minor start-up change in software. A Super Slim variation was then released in late 2012, further refining and redesigning the console. As of March 2016, PlayStation 3 has sold 85 million units worldwide. Its successor, the PlayStation 4, was released later in November 2013.

Q1: What year was the PlayStation 3 released?
A1: 2006
Q2: What social gaming service was integrated into the PlayStation 3?
A2: PlayStation Network
Q3: What was the thinner version of the PS3 called?
A3: Slim
Q4: What year did the Super Slim model hit stores?
A4: 2012
Q5: How many PlayStation 3 units had been purchased as of early 2016?
A5: 85 million
PlayStation_3 (Video games)

The console was originally planned for a global release through November, but at the start of September the release in Europe and the rest of the world was delayed until March. With it being a somewhat last-minute delay, some companies had taken deposits for pre-orders, at which Sony informed customers that they were eligible for full refunds or could continue the pre-order. On January 24, 2007, Sony announced that PlayStation 3 would go on sale on March 23, 2007, in Europe, Australia, the Middle East, Africa and New Zealand. The system sold about 600,000 units in its first two days. On March 7, 2007, the 60 GB PlayStation 3 launched in Singapore with a price of S$799. The console was launched in South Korea on June 16, 2007, as a single version equipped with an 80 GB hard drive and IPTV.

Q1: Instead of November, for what month of the following year was the release rescheduled?
A1: March
Q2: What country had to wait until June of 2007 for their PS3?
A2: South Korea
Q3: How big was the hard drive in the single South Korean version?
A3: 80 GB
Q4: What did customers in Singapore pay for the 60 GB PS3?
A4: S$799
Q5: On what date did the PlayStation 3 go on sale in Africa?
A5: March 23, 2007
Adult_contemporary_music (Music)

The consolidation of the "hot AC" format contrasted with the near-demise of most other AC formats: Beginning with the 2005-2007 economic downturn and eventual recession most stations went for the more chart-based CHR, along with the top 40, urban and even Latino formats. Diminishing physical record sales also proved a major blow to the AC genre.

Q1: Along with the recession, what broad economic trend marked the decline of adult contemporary radio stations?
A1: the 2005-2007 economic downturn
Q2: Along with CHR, Top 40 and Latino, what format have former AC stations transitioned to?
A2: urban
Q3: What AC format is still viable?
A3: hot AC
Q4: Declining sales of what items harmed the adult contemporary genre?
A4: physical record
The_Bronx (Geography and places)

The consolidation of the Bronx into New York City proceeded in two stages. In 1873, the state legislature annexed Kingsbridge, West Farms and Morrisania to New York, effective in 1874; the three towns were abolished in the process. In 1895, three years before New York's consolidation with Brooklyn, Queens and Staten Island, the whole of the territory east of the Bronx River, including the Town of Westchester (which had voted in 1894 against consolidation) and portions of Eastchester and Pelham, were annexed to the city. City Island, a nautical community, voted to join the city in 1896.

Q1: When did New York City annex Kingsbridge?
A1: 1873
Q2: When did New York City annex West Farms?
A2: 1873
Q3: When did New York City annex Morrisania?
A3: 1873
Q4: When did New York City annex part of Pelham?
A4: 1895
Q5: When did New York City annex part of Eastchester?
A5: 1895
Swaziland (Geography and places)

The constitution for independent Swaziland was promulgated by Britain in November 1963 under the terms of which legislative and executive councils were established. This development was opposed by the Swazi National Council (liqoqo). Despite such opposition, elections took place and the first Legislative Council of Swaziland was constituted on 9 September 1964. Changes to the original constitution proposed by the Legislative Council were accepted by Britain and a new constitution providing for a House of Assembly and Senate was drawn up. Elections under this constitution were held in 1967.

Q1: When did the Swaziland constitution come to be?
A1: November 1963
Q2: What is another way to refer to the Swazi National Council?
A2: liqoqo
Q3: When was the Legislative Council of Swaziland first created?
A3: 9 September 1964
Q4: When did elections that provided for a House of Assembly for Swaziland occur?
A4: 1967
Royal_assent (History)

The constitution of Jordan grants its monarch the right to withhold assent to laws passed by its parliament. Article 93 of that document gives the Jordanian sovereign six months to sign or veto any legislation sent to him from the National Assembly; if he vetoes it within that timeframe, the assembly may override his veto by a two-thirds vote of both houses; otherwise, the law does not go into effect (but it may be reconsidered in the next session of the assembly). If the monarch fails to act within six months of the bill being presented to him, it becomes law without his signature.

Q1: How much time does a Jordinian leader have to sign or veto legislation?
A1: six months
Q2: What majority is required to override a veto from the soverign?
A2: two-thirds
Q3: What happens if the soverign doesn't sign the bill within the six-month time frame?
A3: , it becomes law without his signature
Alsace (History)

The constitution of the Fifth Republic states that French alone is the official language of the Republic. However, Alsatian, along with other regional languages, are recognized by the French government in the official list of languages of France. A 1999 INSEE survey counted 548,000 adult speakers of Alsatian in France, making it the second most-spoken regional language in the country (after Occitan). Like all regional languages in France, however, the transmission of Alsatian is on the decline. While 39% of the adult population of Alsace speaks Alsatian, only one in four children speaks it, and only one in ten children uses it regularly.

Q1: What does the French constitution state for the language in Aslace?
A1: French alone is the official language
Q2: How many adult speakers speak Alsatian according the 1999 INSEE survey?
A2: 548,000
Q3: With Alsatian language on the decline, what is the ration of children using the language regularly today?
A3: one in ten children
Aircraft_carrier (Warfare)

The constraints of constructing a flight deck affect the role of a given carrier strongly, as they influence the weight, type, and configuration of the aircraft that may be launched. For example, assisted launch mechanisms are used primarily for heavy aircraft, especially those loaded with air-to-ground weapons. CATOBAR is most commonly used on USN supercarriers as it allows the deployment of heavy jets with full loadouts, especially on ground-attack missions. STOVL is used by other navies because it is cheaper to operate and still provides good deployment capability for fighter aircraft.

Q1: Why do the constraints of constructing a flight deck affect the role of a carrier?
A1: they influence the weight, type, and configuration of the aircraft that may be launched
Q2: What are assisted launch mechanisms primarily used for?
A2: heavy aircraft
Q3: What does CATOBAR allow for?
A3: deployment of heavy jets with full loadouts
Q4: Why is STOVL used by other navies?
A4: it is cheaper to operate
Middle_Ages (History)

The construction of cathedrals and castles advanced building technology, leading to the development of large stone buildings. Ancillary structures included new town halls, houses, bridges, and tithe barns. Shipbuilding improved with the use of the rib and plank method rather than the old Roman system of mortise and tenon. Other improvements to ships included the use of lateen sails and the stern-post rudder, both of which increased the speed at which ships could be sailed.

Q1: Along with bridges, tithe barns and town halls, what notable new structures were built during this period?
A1: houses
Q2: What method, derived from the Romans, was traditionally used to build ships?
A2: mortise and tenon
Q3: What new shipbuilding method was invented in this period?
A3: rib and plank
Q4: What type of rudder was introduced during this period?
A4: stern-post
Q5: What type of sails were first used during this era?
A5: lateen
Roman_Republic (History)

The consuls of the Roman Republic were the highest ranking ordinary magistrates; each consul served for one year. Consuls had supreme power in both civil and military matters. While in the city of Rome, the consuls were the head of the Roman government. They would preside over the senate and the assemblies. While abroad, each consul would command an army. His authority abroad would be nearly absolute. Praetors administered civil law and commanded provincial armies. Every five years, two censors were elected for an 18-month term, during which they would conduct a census. During the census, they could enroll citizens in the senate, or purge them from the senate. Aediles were officers elected to conduct domestic affairs in Rome, such as managing public games and shows. The quaestors would usually assist the consuls in Rome, and the governors in the provinces. Their duties were often financial.

Q1: Which official had supremacy in both civil and military matters?
A1: Consuls
Q2: Who was responsible for the adminstration of civil laws?
A2: Praetors
Q3: Who was responsible for the handling of the Roman census?
A3: two censors
Q4: How long could an elected censor remain in office for?
A4: 18-month term
Q5: What officer primarily had duties over finance matters?
A5: quaestors
Dwight_D._Eisenhower (History)

The contacts gained through university and American Assembly fund-raising activities would later become important supporters in Eisenhower's bid for the Republican party nomination and the presidency. Meanwhile, Columbia University's liberal faculty members became disenchanted with the university president's ties to oilmen and businessmen, including Leonard McCollum, the president of Continental Oil; Frank Abrams, the chairman of Standard Oil of New Jersey; Bob Kleberg, the president of the King Ranch; H. J. Porter, a Texas oil executive; Bob Woodruff, the president of the Coca-Cola Corporation; and Clarence Francis, the chairman of General Foods.

Q1: Aside from his university work, where did Eisenhower gain useful contacts?
A1: American Assembly
Q2: What Continental Oil leader was Eisenhower tied to?
A2: Leonard McCollum
Q3: What was the political orientation of Columbia's teachers?
A3: liberal
Q4: What state was Frank Abrams' oil company located in?
A4: New Jersey
Q5: From where did H.J. Porter hale?
A5: Texas
Liberal_Party_of_Australia (History)

The contemporary Liberal Party generally advocates economic liberalism (see New Right). Historically, the party has supported a higher degree of economic protectionism and interventionism than it has in recent decades. However, from its foundation the party has identified itself as anti-socialist. Strong opposition to socialism and communism in Australia and abroad was one of its founding principles. The party's founder and longest-serving leader Robert Menzies envisaged that Australia's middle class would form its main constituency.

Q1: What is economic liberalism sometimes also referred to?
A1: New Right
Q2: Does the Liberal Party of Australia consider itself socialist or anti-socialist?
A2: anti-socialist
Q3: Who was the Liberal Party of Australia's longest-serving leader?
A3: Robert Menzies
Q4: Who founded Australia's liberal party?
A4: Robert Menzies
Professional_wrestling (Sports and recreation)

The content including match outcomes is choreographed and the combative actions and reactions are executed in special manners designed to both protect from, yet simulate, pain. These facts were once kept highly secret, but they are now openly declared as the truth. By and large, the true nature of the content is ignored by the performing promotion in official media in order to sustain and promote the willing suspension of disbelief for the audience by maintaining an aura of verisimilitude. Fan communications by individual wrestlers and promotions through outside media (i.e., interviews) will often directly acknowledge the fictional nature of the spectacle.

Q1: How are the actions conducted?
A1: the combative actions and reactions are executed in special manners designed to both protect from, yet simulate, pain
Q2: What are the fan encouraged to do?
A2: willing suspension of disbelief for the audience
Q3: How is the end result of the match planned out?
A3: match outcomes is choreographed
Q4: What do wrestlers have to say about the realness or fakeness of the matches?
A4: will often directly acknowledge the fictional nature of the spectacle.