LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Tibet (Geography and places)

Between 1346 and 1354, Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen toppled the Sakya and founded the Phagmodrupa Dynasty. The following 80 years saw the founding of the Gelug school (also known as Yellow Hats) by the disciples of Je Tsongkhapa, and the founding of the important Ganden, Drepung and Sera monasteries near Lhasa. However, internal strife within the dynasty and the strong localism of the various fiefs and political-religious factions led to a long series of internal conflicts. The minister family Rinpungpa, based in Tsang (West Central Tibet), dominated politics after 1435. In 1565 they were overthrown by the Tsangpa Dynasty of Shigatse which expanded its power in different directions of Tibet in the following decades and favoured the Karma Kagyu sect.

Q1: When was the Phagmodrupa Dynasty founded?
A1: Between 1346 and 1354
Q2: Who founded the Gelug school?
A2: disciples of Je Tsongkhapa
Q3: Who dominated politics after 1435?
A3: minister family Rinpungpa
Q4: What sect did the Tsangpa Dynasty of Shigatse favor?
A4: Karma Kagyu
Roman_Republic (History)

Between 135 BC and 71 BC there were three "Servile Wars" involving slave uprisings against the Roman state. The third and final uprising was the most serious, involving ultimately between 120,000 and 150,000 slaves under the command of the gladiator Spartacus. In 91 BC the Social War broke out between Rome and its former allies in Italy when the allies complained that they shared the risk of Rome's military campaigns, but not its rewards. Although they lost militarily, the allies achieved their objectives with legal proclamations which granted citizenship to more than 500,000 Italians.

Q1: How many slaves at most were under the command of Spartacus?
A1: 150,000
Q2: When was the beginning of the Social War?
A2: 91 BC
Q3: How many Italians became citizens after the loss of the Social War?
A3: more than 500,000
Q4: How many slave uprisings were there between the years of 135 BC and 71 BC?
A4: three
Q5: Ultimately what started the Social War?
A5: allies complained that they shared the risk of Rome's military campaigns, but not its rewards
Dutch_Republic (History)

Between 1590–1712 the Dutch also possessed one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world, allowing for their varied conquests including breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient, as well as a lucrative slave trade from Africa and the Pacific.

Q1: The Dutch had one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world during what time?
A1: 1590–1712
Q2: The Dutch operated a slave trade from which locations?
A2: Africa and the Pacific
Q3: What was one of the conquests of the Dutch Navy?
A3: breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient
Boston (Geography and places)

Between 1631 and 1890, the city tripled its area through land reclamation by filling in marshes, mud flats, and gaps between wharves along the waterfront. The largest reclamation efforts took place during the 19th century; beginning in 1807, the crown of Beacon Hill was used to fill in a 50-acre (20 ha) mill pond that later became the Haymarket Square area. The present-day State House sits atop this lowered Beacon Hill. Reclamation projects in the middle of the century created significant parts of the South End, the West End, the Financial District, and Chinatown. After The Great Boston Fire of 1872, workers used building rubble as landfill along the downtown waterfront. During the mid-to-late 19th century, workers filled almost 600 acres (2.4 km2) of brackish Charles River marshlands west of Boston Common with gravel brought by rail from the hills of Needham Heights. The city annexed the adjacent towns of South Boston (1804), East Boston (1836), Roxbury (1868), Dorchester (including present day Mattapan and a portion of South Boston) (1870), Brighton (including present day Allston) (1874), West Roxbury (including present day Jamaica Plain and Roslindale) (1874), Charlestown (1874), and Hyde Park (1912). Other proposals, for the annexation of Brookline, Cambridge, and Chelsea, were unsuccessful.

Q1: What was used to fill a mill pond that became the Haymarket Square?
A1: the crown of Beacon Hill
Q2: What sits on Beacon Hill today?
A2: State House
Q3: What famous disaster happened in Boston in 1872?
A3: The Great Boston Fire of 1872
Q4: What was the rubble from the Great Boston Fire used for?
A4: as landfill along the downtown waterfront
Saint_Helena (Geography and places)

Between 1791 and 1833, Saint Helena became the site of a series of experiments in conservation, reforestation and attempts to boost rainfall artificially. This environmental intervention was closely linked to the conceptualisation of the processes of environmental change and helped establish the roots of environmentalism.

Q1: The roots of what were established on Saint Helena?
A1: environmentalism
Q2: What did scientists attempt to boost artificially on Saint Helena?
A2: rainfall
Q3: The environmental intervention was linked to the conceptualization of what process?
A3: environmental change
British_Empire (History)

Between 1815 and 1914, a period referred to as Britain's "imperial century" by some historians, around 10,000,000 square miles (26,000,000 km2) of territory and roughly 400 million people were added to the British Empire. Victory over Napoleon left Britain without any serious international rival, other than Russia in central Asia. Unchallenged at sea, Britain adopted the role of global policeman, a state of affairs later known as the Pax Britannica, and a foreign policy of "splendid isolation". Alongside the formal control it exerted over its own colonies, Britain's dominant position in world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many countries, such as China, Argentina and Siam, which has been characterised by some historians as "Informal Empire".

Q1: How many square miles of territory were added to the British Empire between 1815 and 1914?
A1: 10,000,000
Q2: How many people were added to the British Empire between 1815 and 1914?
A2: 400 million
Q3: Who was Britain's last serious rival after Napoleon?
A3: Russia
Q4: What was the period of Britain acting as the world's police called?
A4: Britain's dominant position in world trade
Q5: Britain's dominant position in world trade over some countries' economies has been called what?
A5: Informal Empire
Economy_of_Greece (Geography and places)

Between 1832 and 2002 the currency of Greece was the drachma. After signing the Maastricht Treaty, Greece applied to join the eurozone. The two main convergence criteria were a maximum budget deficit of 3% of GDP and a declining public debt if it stood above 60% of GDP. Greece met the criteria as shown in its 1999 annual public account. On 1 January 2001, Greece joined the eurozone, with the adoption of the euro at the fixed exchange rate ₯340.75 to €1. However, in 2001 the euro only existed electronically, so the physical exchange from drachma to euro only took place on 1 January 2002. This was followed by a ten-year period for eligible exchange of drachma to euro, which ended on 1 March 2012.

Q1: What was the currency of Greece until 2002?
A1: drachma
Q2: What did Greece sign to apply to join the eurozone?
A2: Maastricht Treaty
Q3: How many convergence criteria were there in the treaty?
A3: two
Q4: When did the physical exchange of the drachma to euro take place?
A4: January 2002
Q5: When did the ten-year period for eligible exchange of the drachma to euro end?
A5: March 2012
Melbourne (Geography and places)

Between 1836 and 1842 Victorian Aboriginal groups were largely dispossessed[by whom?] of their land. By January 1844, there were said to be 675 Aborigines resident in squalid camps in Melbourne. The British Colonial Office appointed five Aboriginal Protectors for the Aborigines of Victoria, in 1839, however their work was nullified by a land policy that favoured squatters to take possession of Aboriginal lands. By 1845, fewer than 240 wealthy Europeans held all the pastoral licences then issued in Victoria and became a powerful political and economic force in Victoria for generations to come.

Q1: Between what year's did Victorian aboriginal groups dispossessed?
A1: Between 1836 and 1842
Q2: In 1844 how many Aborigines resident in squalid camps in Melbourne?
A2: 675
Q3: Who appointed five Aboriginal Protectors for the Aborigines of Victoria in 1839?
A3: The British Colonial Office
Q4: Who were the people that were power political and economic force in Victoria in 1845?
A4: 240 wealthy Europeans
Q5: How many Aborigines were said to be resident in squalid camps in Melbourne in January 1844?
A5: 675
Q6: How many Aboriginal Protectors for the Aborigines of Victoria were appointed in 1839?
A6: five
Q7: By what year did fewer than 240 wealthy Europeans hold all the pastoral licenses?
A7: 1845
Q8: During what years were Victorian Aboriginal groups largely displaced from their land?
A8: Between 1836 and 1842
Buckingham_Palace (Art and architecture)

Between 1847 and 1850, when Blore was building the new east wing, the Brighton Pavilion was once again plundered of its fittings. As a result, many of the rooms in the new wing have a distinctly oriental atmosphere. The red and blue Chinese Luncheon Room is made up from parts of the Brighton Banqueting and Music Rooms with a large oriental chimney piece sculpted by Richard Westmacott. The Yellow Drawing Room has wallpaper supplied in 1817 for the Brighton Saloon, and a chimney piece which is a European vision of how the Chinese chimney piece may appear. It has nodding mandarins in niches and fearsome winged dragons, designed by Robert Jones.

Q1: Where did many of the fittings for the new east wing come from?
A1: Brighton Pavilion
Q2: When was the new east wing built?
A2: Between 1847 and 1850
Q3: What is the theme for the new east wing?
A3: oriental
Q4: The red and blue Chinese Luncheon Room has what as a main feature?
A4: large oriental chimney piece
Q5: Who designed the chimney piece in The Yellow Drawing Room?
A5: Robert Jones
Q6: What was Blore building between 1847 and 1850?
A6: the new east wing
Q7: Many rooms in the new east wing are in what style?
A7: oriental
Q8: Parts of the Brighton Banqueting and Music Rooms from Brighton Pavilion make up which Buckingham Room?
A8: The red and blue Chinese Luncheon Room
Paris (Geography and places)

Between 1853 and 1870, the Emperor Napoleon III and the city's first director of parks and gardens, Jean-Charles Alphand, created the Bois de Boulogne, the Bois de Vincennes, Parc Montsouris and the Parc des Buttes-Chaumont, located at the four points of the compass around the city, as well as many smaller parks, squares and gardens in the Paris' quarters. Since 1977, the city has created 166 new parks, most notably the Parc de la Villette (1987), Parc André Citroën (1992), and Parc de Bercy (1997). One of the newest parks, the Promenade des Berges de la Seine (2013), built on a former highway on the Left Bank of the Seine between the Pont de l'Alma and the Musée d'Orsay, has floating gardens and gives a view of the city's landmarks.

Q1: Who was Paris' first director of parks and gardens?
A1: Jean-Charles Alphand
Q2: How many new parks have been created in Paris since 1977?
A2: 166
Q3: WHen was the Parc de la Villette created?
A3: 1987
Q4: What park has floating gardens?
A4: Promenade des Berges de la Seine
Q5: When was the Promenade des Berges de la Seine built?
A5: 2013
Iran (Geography and places)

Between 1872 and 1905, a series of protests took place in response to the sale of concessions to foreigners by Nasser od Din and Mozaffar od Din shahs of Qajar, and led to the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. The first Iranian Constitution and the first national parliament of Iran were founded in 1906, through the ongoing revolution. The Constitution included the official recognition of Iran's three religious minorities, namely Christians, Zoroastrians, and Jews, which has remained a basis in the legislation of Iran since then.

Q1: When did a series of protests over foreign concessions sales in Iran occur?
A1: Between 1872 and 1905
Q2: What resulted from the series of protests in Iran over foreign concessions sales?
A2: the Iranian Constitutional Revolution
Q3: The first national parliament of Iran was founded in what year?
A3: in 1906
Q4: The first Constitution of Iran was founded in what year?
A4: in 1906
Q5: The Iranian Constitution did what for Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians in Iran?
A5: official recognition of Iran's three religious minorities
Yale_University (History)

Between 1892, when Harvard and Yale met in one of the first intercollegiate debates, and 1909, the year of the first Triangular Debate of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton, the rhetoric, symbolism, and metaphors used in athletics were used to frame these early debates. Debates were covered on front pages of college newspapers and emphasized in yearbooks, and team members even received the equivalent of athletic letters for their jackets. There even were rallies sending off the debating teams to matches. Yet, the debates never attained the broad appeal that athletics enjoyed. One reason may be that debates do not have a clear winner, as is the case in sports, and that scoring is subjective. In addition, with late 19th-century concerns about the impact of modern life on the human body, athletics offered hope that neither the individual nor the society was coming apart.

Q1: In what year was the first debate between Harvard, Yale, and Princeton?
A1: 1909
Q2: When was the first debate between Harvard and Yale?
A2: 1892
Q3: How were debates shown to the college students?
A3: front pages of college newspapers
Q4: What did members of the debate team get for their service?
A4: the equivalent of athletic letters for their jackets
Q5: Why do debates not have a distinct winner?
A5: scoring is subjective
Yale_University (History)

Between 1925 and 1940, philanthropic foundations, especially ones connected with the Rockefellers, contributed about $7 million to support the Yale Institute of Human Relations and the affiliated Yerkes Laboratories of Primate Biology. The money went toward behavioral science research, which was supported by foundation officers who aimed to "improve mankind" under an informal, loosely defined human engineering effort. The behavioral scientists at Yale, led by President James R. Angell and psychobiologist Robert M. Yerkes, tapped into foundation largesse by crafting research programs aimed to investigate, then suggest, ways to control, sexual and social behavior. For example, Yerkes analyzed chimpanzee sexual behavior in hopes of illuminating the evolutionary underpinnings of human development and providing information that could ameliorate dysfunction. Ultimately, the behavioral-science results disappointed foundation officers, who shifted their human-engineering funds toward biological sciences.

Q1: How much did  philanthropic foundations donate between 1925 and 1940?
A1: about $7 million
Q2: What was the $7 million used for?
A2: behavioral science research
Q3: What was the goal of the behavioral research?
A3: improve mankind
Q4: Who were the behavioral scientists in charge of the research?
A4: President James R. Angell and psychobiologist Robert M. Yerkes
Q5: What animals sexual behavior did Yerkes study?
A5: chimpanzee
The_Times (History)

Between 1941 and 1946, the left-wing British historian E.H. Carr was Assistant Editor. Carr was well known for the strongly pro-Soviet tone of his editorials. In December 1944, when fighting broke out in Athens between the Greek Communist ELAS and the British Army, Carr in a Times editorial sided with the Communists, leading Winston Churchill to condemn him and that leader in a speech to the House of Commons. As a result of Carr's editorial, The Times became popularly known during that stage of World War II as the threepenny Daily Worker (the price of the Daily Worker being one penny).

Q1: Between 1941 and 1946, which left-wing British historian was Assistant Editor for The Times?
A1: E.H. Carr
Q2: The Assistant Editor of The Times in 1941-1946 strongly supported what stance?
A2: pro-Soviet
Q3: Which side did The Times support in the fighting that broke out in Athens in 1944?
A3: Communists
Q4: Which major political figure condemned The Times in 1944 for not supporting the British Army?
A4: Winston Churchill
Q5: During World War II, The Times was nicknamed what in 1944?
A5: the threepenny Daily Worker
Estonia (Geography and places)

Between 1945 and 1989, the share of ethnic Estonians in the population resident within the currently defined boundaries of Estonia dropped to 61%, caused primarily by the Soviet programme promoting mass immigration of urban industrial workers from Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus, as well as by wartime emigration and Joseph Stalin's mass deportations and executions.[citation needed] By 1989, minorities constituted more than one-third of the population, as the number of non-Estonians had grown almost fivefold.

Q1: What period did the amount of ethnic Estonians drop by 61%?
A1: Between 1945 and 1989
Q2: What trend caused the drop of ethnic Estonians?
A2: mass immigration of urban industrial workers from Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus
Q3: Who ordered large scales of deportations and executions?
A3: Joseph Stalin
Q4: What year did minorities in Estonia make up more than a third of the country?
A4: 1989
Jews (History)

Between 1948 and 1958, the Jewish population rose from 800,000 to two million. Currently, Jews account for 75.4% of the Israeli population, or 6 million people. The early years of the State of Israel were marked by the mass immigration of Holocaust survivors in the aftermath of the Holocaust and Jews fleeing Arab lands. Israel also has a large population of Ethiopian Jews, many of whom were airlifted to Israel in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Between 1974 and 1979 nearly 227,258 immigrants arrived in Israel, about half being from the Soviet Union. This period also saw an increase in immigration to Israel from Western Europe, Latin America, and North America.

Q1: What years did the Jewish population rise from 800,000 to two million?
A1: 1948 and 1958
Q2: What is the population of Israel?
A2: 6 million
Q3: Between 1974 and 1979, how many immigrants arrived in Israel?
A3: 227,258
Economy_of_Greece (Geography and places)

Between 1949 and the 1980s, telephone communications in Greece were a state monopoly by the Hellenic Telecommunications Organization, better known by its acronym, OTE. Despite the liberalization of telephone communications in the country in the 1980s, OTE still dominates the Greek market in its field and has emerged as one of the largest telecommunications companies in Southeast Europe. Since 2011, the company's major shareholder is Deutsche Telekom with a 40% stake, while the Greek state continues to own 10% of the company's shares. OTE owns several subsidiaries across the Balkans, including Cosmote, Greece's top mobile telecommunications provider, Cosmote Romania and Albanian Mobile Communications.

Q1: Who ran the phones in Greece between 1949 and the 1980s?
A1: state
Q2: What was the Hellenic Telecommunications Organization better known by the acronym of?
A2: OTE
Q3: When did the liberalization of the telephone communications in Greece happen?
A3: 1980s
Q4: What company has a 40% stake in OTE?
A4: Deutsche Telekom
Q5: How many shares of OTE does the Greek state own?
A5: 10%
Richmond,_Virginia (Geography and places)

Between 1963 and 1965, there was a "downtown boom" that led to the construction of more than 700 buildings in the city. In 1968, Virginia Commonwealth University was created by the merger of the Medical College of Virginia with the Richmond Professional Institute. In 1970, Richmond's borders expanded by an additional 27 square miles (70 km2) on the south. After several years of court cases in which Chesterfield County fought annexation, more than 47,000 people who once were Chesterfield County residents found themselves within the city's perimeters on January 1, 1970. In 1996, still-sore tensions arose amid controversy involved in placing a statue of African American Richmond native and tennis star Arthur Ashe to the famed series of statues of Confederate heroes of the Civil War on Monument Avenue. After several months of controversy, the bronze statue of Ashe was finally completed on Monument Avenue facing the opposite direction from the Confederate Heroes on July 10, 1996.

Q1: When did the so-called downtown boom in Richmond end?
A1: 1965
Q2: About how many structures were built in Richmond during the downtown boom?
A2: 700
Q3: What combined with the Richmond Professional Institute to form Virginia Commonwealth University?
A3: Medical College of Virginia
Q4: In what direction did Richmond's borders expand in 1970?
A4: south
Q5: People of what county did not want to join Richmond circa 1970?
A5: Chesterfield
Economy_of_Greece (Geography and places)

Between 1975 and 2009, Olympic Airways (known after 2003 as Olympic Airlines) was the country’s state-owned flag carrier, but financial problems led to its privatization and relaunch as Olympic Air in 2009. Both Aegean Airlines and Olympic Air have won awards for their services; in 2009 and 2011, Aegean Airlines was awarded the "Best regional airline in Europe" award by Skytrax, and also has two gold and one silver awards by the ERA, while Olympic Air holds one silver ERA award for "Airline of the Year" as well as a "Condé Nast Traveller 2011 Readers Choice Awards: Top Domestic Airline" award.

Q1: What was Olympic Airways known as after 2003?
A1: Olympic Airlines
Q2: What was Olympic Airlines relaunched as in 2009?
A2: Olympic Air
Q3: What airlines was award the "Best regional airline in Europe" award by Skytrax?
A3: Aegean Airlines
Q4: What does Olympic Air hold a silver ERA award for?
A4: "Airline of the Year"
Q5: What year did Olympic Air receive an award as Top Domestic Airline?
A5: 2011
Israel (History)

Between 1985 and 2015, Israel sent 24 delegations of IDF search and rescue unit to 22 countries. In Haiti, immediately following the 2010 earthquake, Israel was the first country to set up a field hospital capable of performing surgical operations. Israel sent over 200 medical doctors and personnel to start treating injured Haitians at the scene. At the conclusion of its humanitarian mission 11 days later, the Israeli delegation had treated more than 1,110 patients, conducted 319 successful surgeries, delivered 16 births and rescued or assisted in the rescue of four individuals. Despite radiation concerns, Israel was one of the first countries to send a medical delegation to Japan following the earthquake and tsunami disaster. Israel dispatched a medical team to the tsunami-stricken city of Kurihara in 2011. A medical clinic run by an IDF team of some 50 members featured pediatric, surgical, maternity and gynecological, and otolaryngology wards, together with an optometry department, a laboratory, a pharmacy and an intensive care unit. After treating 200 patients in two weeks, the departing emergency team donated its equipment to the Japanese.

Q1: How many delegations of IDF search and rescue units between 1985 and 2015?
A1: 24
Q2: How many doctors did Israel send to Haiti?
A2: over 200
Q3: How many patients did Israeli doctors treat in Japan?
A3: 200