LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Hellenistic_period (History)

Throughout the Hellenistic world, these Greco-Macedonian colonists considered themselves by and large superior to the native "barbarians" and excluded most non-Greeks from the upper echelons of courtly and government life. Most of the native population was not Hellenized, had little access to Greek culture and often found themselves discriminated against by their Hellenic overlords. Gymnasiums and their Greek education, for example, were for Greeks only. Greek cities and colonies may have exported Greek art and architecture as far as the Indus, but these were mostly enclaves of Greek culture for the transplanted Greek elite. The degree of influence that Greek culture had throughout the Hellenistic kingdoms was therefore highly localized and based mostly on a few great cities like Alexandria and Antioch. Some natives did learn Greek and adopt Greek ways, but this was mostly limited to a few local elites who were allowed to retain their posts by the Diadochi and also to a small number of mid-level administrators who acted as intermediaries between the Greek speaking upper class and their subjects. In the Seleucid empire for example, this group amounted to only 2.5 percent of the official class.

Q1: Native populations in the Hellenistic world were discriminated by what peoples?
A1: Greek
Q2: Hellinistic Gymnasiums could only be used by whom?
A2: Greeks
Q3: What are the areas of concentration from where Greek culture eminates?
A3: highly localized
Q4: What percent of the Seleucid empire were comprised of native elites?
A4: 2.5
Plymouth (History)

Throughout the Industrial Revolution, Plymouth grew as a commercial shipping port, handling imports and passengers from the Americas, and exporting local minerals (tin, copper, lime, china clay and arsenic) while the neighbouring town of Devonport became a strategic Royal Naval shipbuilding and dockyard town. In 1914 three neighbouring independent towns, viz., the county borough of Plymouth, the county borough of Devonport, and the urban district of East Stonehouse were merged to form a single County Borough. The combined town took the name of Plymouth which, in 1928, achieved city status. The city's naval importance later led to its targeting and partial destruction during World War II, an act known as the Plymouth Blitz. After the war the city centre was completely rebuilt and subsequent expansion led to the incorporation of Plympton and Plymstock along with other outlying suburbs in 1967.

Q1: What nearby settlement built ships for the Royal Navy?
A1: Devonport
Q2: In what year did Plymouth become a city?
A2: 1928
Q3: What is the term used to describe the attacks on Plymouth during the Second World War?
A3: Plymouth Blitz
Q4: In what year was Plymstock incorporated?
A4: 1967
Q5: Along with Plymouth and Devonport, what location was merged into a county borough in 1914?
A5: East Stonehouse
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System (Video games)

Throughout the course of its life, a number of peripherals were released which added to the functionality of the SNES. Many of these devices were modeled after earlier add-ons for the NES: the Super Scope is a light gun functionally similar to the NES Zapper (though the Super Scope features wireless capabilities) and the Super Advantage is an arcade-style joystick with adjustable turbo settings akin to the NES Advantage. Nintendo also released the SNES Mouse in conjunction with its Mario Paint title. Hudson Soft, under license from Nintendo, released the Super Multitap, a multiplayer adapter for use with its popular series of Bomberman games. Some of the more unusual controllers include the BatterUP baseball bat, the Life Fitness Entertainment System (an exercise bike controller with built-in monitoring software), and the TeeV Golf golf club.

Q1: What game accessory was similar to the NES Zapper?
A1: Super Scope
Q2: What game accessory was similar to the NES Advantage?
A2: Super Advantage
Q3: What game used the SNES Mouse?
A3: Mario Paint
Q4: What type of accessory was the Super Scope?
A4: light gun
Q5: What game came with a baseball bat controller?
A5: BatterUP
Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty (History)

Throughout the following month, the Yongle Emperor and his court showered the Karmapa with presents. At Linggu Temple in Nanjing, he presided over the religious ceremonies for the Yongle Emperor's deceased parents, while twenty-two days of his stay were marked by religious miracles that were recorded in five languages on a gigantic scroll that bore the Emperor's seal. During his stay in Nanjing, Deshin Shekpa was bestowed the title "Great Treasure Prince of Dharma" by the Yongle Emperor. Elliot Sperling asserts that the Yongle Emperor, in bestowing Deshin Shekpa with the title of "King" and praising his mystical abilities and miracles, was trying to build an alliance with the Karmapa as the Mongols had with the Sakya lamas, but Deshin Shekpa rejected the Yongle Emperor's offer. In fact, this was the same title that Kublai Khan had offered the Sakya Phagpa lama, but Deshin Shekpa persuaded the Yongle Emperor to grant the title to religious leaders of other Tibetan Buddhist sects.

Q1: At what temple did the ceremonies for the Yongle Emperor's deceased parents take place?
A1: Linggu Temple
Q2: Where was the Linggu Temple located?
A2: Nanjing
Q3: What title was Deshin Shekpa given at Nanjing?
A3: Great Treasure Prince of Dharma
Q4: Who did Deshin Shekpa persuade the Yongle Emperor to give the title to?
A4: religious leaders of other Tibetan Buddhist sects
Serbo-Croatian (Language and literature)

Throughout the history of the South Slavs, the vernacular, literary, and written languages (e.g. Chakavian, Kajkavian, Shtokavian) of the various regions and ethnicities developed and diverged independently. Prior to the 19th century, they were collectively called "Illyric", "Slavic", "Slavonian", "Bosnian", "Dalmatian", "Serbian" or "Croatian". As such, the term Serbo-Croatian was first used by Jacob Grimm in 1824, popularized by the Vienna philologist Jernej Kopitar in the following decades, and accepted by Croatian Zagreb grammarians in 1854 and 1859. At that time, Serb and Croat lands were still part of the Ottoman and Austrian Empires. Officially, the language was called variously Serbo-Croat, Croato-Serbian, Serbian and Croatian, Croatian and Serbian, Serbian or Croatian, Croatian or Serbian. Unofficially, Serbs and Croats typically called the language "Serbian" or "Croatian", respectively, without implying a distinction between the two, and again in independent Bosnia and Herzegovina, "Bosnian", "Croatian", and "Serbian" were considered to be three names of a single official language. Croatian linguist Dalibor Brozović advocated the term Serbo-Croatian as late as 1988, claiming that in an analogy with Indo-European, Serbo-Croatian does not only name the two components of the same language, but simply charts the limits of the region in which it is spoken and includes everything between the limits (‘Bosnian’ and ‘Montenegrin’). Today, use of the term "Serbo-Croatian" is controversial due to the prejudice that nation and language must match. It is still used for lack of a succinct alternative, though alternative names have been used, such as Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian (BCS), which is often seen in political contexts such as the Hague War Crimes tribunal.

Q1: Did South Slav languages develop coherently or independently?
A1: independently
Q2: What were the names given to the various dialects predating the 19th century?
A2: "Illyric", "Slavic", "Slavonian", "Bosnian", "Dalmatian", "Serbian" or "Croatian"
Q3: Who first used the term Serbo-Croatian in 1824?
A3: Jacob Grimm
Q4: For what reason is the term "Serbo-Croatian" controversial today?
A4: prejudice that nation and language must match
Child_labour (Social sciences and society)

Throughout the second half of the 19th century, child labour began to decline in industrialised societies due to regulation and economic factors. The regulation of child labour began from the earliest days of the Industrial revolution. The first act to regulate child labour in Britain was passed in 1803. As early as 1802 and 1819 Factory Acts were passed to regulate the working hours of workhouse children in factories and cotton mills to 12 hours per day. These acts were largely ineffective and after radical agitation, by for example the "Short Time Committees" in 1831, a Royal Commission recommended in 1833 that children aged 11–18 should work a maximum of 12 hours per day, children aged 9–11 a maximum of eight hours, and children under the age of nine were no longer permitted to work. This act however only applied to the textile industry, and further agitation led to another act in 1847 limiting both adults and children to 10-hour working days. Lord Shaftesbury was an outspoken advocate of regulating child labour.

Q1: During the 19th century was there any advocates for the working children?
A1: Lord Shaftesbury
Q2: In 1833 at what age was the limit to working in a textile industry factory?
A2: children under the age of nine
Q3: What year were both adults and children only able to work 10 hours a day?
A3: 1847
Q4: In the 19th century was there an increase or decreased need to child labour?
A4: child labour began to decline
Q5: What year did Britain first inact legislation with regards to child labour?
A5: 1803
Hydrogen (Natural sciences)

Throughout the universe, hydrogen is mostly found in the atomic and plasma states whose properties are quite different from molecular hydrogen. As a plasma, hydrogen's electron and proton are not bound together, resulting in very high electrical conductivity and high emissivity (producing the light from the Sun and other stars). The charged particles are highly influenced by magnetic and electric fields. For example, in the solar wind they interact with the Earth's magnetosphere giving rise to Birkeland currents and the aurora. Hydrogen is found in the neutral atomic state in the interstellar medium. The large amount of neutral hydrogen found in the damped Lyman-alpha systems is thought to dominate the cosmological baryonic density of the Universe up to redshift z=4.

Q1: In what states is hydrogen mostly found in the universe?
A1: atomic and plasma
Q2: Hydrogens electron and proton are not bound together in what state?
A2: plasma
Q3: in the interstellar medium, what state is hydrogen in?
A3: neutral atomic state
Q4: The neutral hydrogen found in the damped Lyman-alpha systems dominates what?
A4: cosmological baryonic density of the Universe
George_VI (History)

Throughout the war, the King and Queen provided morale-boosting visits throughout the United Kingdom, visiting bomb sites, munitions factories, and troops. The King visited military forces abroad in France in December 1939, North Africa and Malta in June 1943, Normandy in June 1944, southern Italy in July 1944, and the Low Countries in October 1944. Their high public profile and apparently indefatigable determination secured their place as symbols of national resistance. At a social function in 1944, Chief of the Imperial General Staff Sir Alan Brooke, revealed that every time he met Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery he thought he was after his job. The King replied: "You should worry, when I meet him, I always think he's after mine!"

Q1: What country did the King and Queen visit in July 1944?
A1: Italy
Q2: When did the King and Queen visit North Africa and Malta?
A2: June 1943
Q3: What improved when the King and Queen visited different military sites?
A3: morale
Slavs (History)

Throughout their history, Slavs came into contact with non-Slavic groups. In the postulated homeland region (present-day Ukraine), they had contacts with the Iranic Sarmatians and the Germanic Goths. After their subsequent spread, they began assimilating non-Slavic peoples. For example, in the Balkans, there were Paleo-Balkan peoples, such as Romanized and Hellenized (Jireček Line) Illyrians, Thracians and Dacians, as well as Greeks and Celtic Scordisci. Over time, due to the larger number of Slavs, most descendants of the indigenous populations of the Balkans were Slavicized. The Thracians and Illyrians vanished from the population during this period – although the modern Albanian nation claims descent from the Illyrians. Exceptions are Greece, where the lesser numbered Slavs scattered there came to be Hellenized (aided in time by more Greeks returning to Greece in the 9th century and the role of the church and administration) and Romania where Slavic people settled en route for present-day Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Bulgaria and East Thrace whereby the Slavic population had come to assimilate. Bulgars were also assimilated by local Slavs but their ruling status and subsequent land cast the nominal legacy of Bulgarian country and people onto all future generations. The Romance speakers within the fortified Dalmatian cities managed to retain their culture and language for a long time, as Dalmatian Romance was spoken until the high Middle Ages. However, they too were eventually assimilated into the body of Slavs.

Q1: What is the posulated homeland region of the Slavs?
A1: Ukraine
Q2: Who did the Slavs have contact with in Ukraine?
A2: Iranic Sarmatians and the Germanic Goths
Q3: After their subsequent spread, they began assimilating who?
A3: non-Slavic peoples
Q4: What peoples where in the Balkans?
A4: Paleo-Balkan peoples
Q5: Who vanished from the population of the Balkans?
A5: The Thracians and Illyrians
Liberal_Party_of_Australia (History)

Throughout their history, the Liberals have been in electoral terms largely the party of the middle class (whom Menzies, in the era of the party's formation called "The forgotten people"), though such class-based voting patterns are no longer as clear as they once were. In the 1970s a left-wing middle class emerged that no longer voted Liberal.[citation needed] One effect of this was the success of a breakaway party, the Australian Democrats, founded in 1977 by former Liberal minister Don Chipp and members of minor liberal parties; other members of the left-leaning section of the middle-class became Labor supporters.[citation needed] On the other hand, the Liberals have done increasingly well in recent years among socially conservative working-class voters.[citation needed]However the Liberal Party's key support base remains the upper-middle classes; 16 of the 20 richest federal electorates are held by the Liberals, most of which are safe seats. In country areas they either compete with or have a truce with the Nationals, depending on various factors.

Q1: Whom are referred to as "The forgoten people?"
A1: the middle class
Q2: In what year were the Australian Democrats founded?
A2: 1977
Q3: Which former liberal founded the Australian Democrats in 1977?
A3: Don Chipp
Near_East (Geography and places)

Throughout this article Norman uses "Near East" to mean the countries where "the eastern question" applied; that is, to all of the Balkans. The countries and regions mentioned are Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia, Bosnia-Herzegovina (which was Moslem and needed, in his view, to be suppressed), Macedonia, Montenegro, Albania, Romania. The rest of the Ottoman domain is demoted to just "the east."

Q1: What does Norman mean in the article when saying "Near East"?
A1: the countries where "the eastern question" applied
Q2: What is the rest of the Ottoman domain demoted to?
A2: just "the east."
Q3: "The East" refers to what?
A3: The rest of the Ottoman domain
Saint_Helena (Geography and places)

Throughout this period, Saint Helena was an important port of call of the East India Company. East Indiamen would stop there on the return leg of their voyages to British India and China. At Saint Helena ships could replenish supplies of water and provisions, and during war time, form convoys that would sail under the protection of vessels of the Royal Navy. Captain James Cook's vessel HMS Endeavour anchored and resupplied off the coast of St Helena in May 1771, on her return from the European discovery of the east coast of Australia and rediscovery of New Zealand.

Q1: Saint Helena was an important port of which company?
A1: East India Company
Q2: What did ships replenish at Saint Helena?
A2: water and provisions
Q3: What vessel was owned by Captain James?
A3: HMS Endeavour
Q4: What vessel resupplied at the Island in May 1771?
A4: HMS Endeavour
Q5: Vessels of what navy protected convoys?
A5: Royal
Thuringia (History)

Thuringia became a landgraviate in 1130 AD. After the extinction of the reigning Ludowingian line of counts and landgraves in 1247 and the War of the Thuringian Succession (1247–1264), the western half became independent under the name of "Hesse", never to become a part of Thuringia again. Most of the remaining Thuringia came under the rule of the Wettin dynasty of the nearby Margraviate of Meissen, the nucleus of the later Electorate and Kingdom of Saxony. With the division of the house of Wettin in 1485, Thuringia went to the senior Ernestine branch of the family, which subsequently subdivided the area into a number of smaller states, according to the Saxon tradition of dividing inheritance amongst male heirs. These were the "Saxon duchies", consisting, among others, of the states of Saxe-Weimar, Saxe-Eisenach, Saxe-Jena, Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg, and Saxe-Gotha; Thuringia became merely a geographical concept.

Q1: When did Thuringia become a landgraviate? 
A1: in 1130 AD
Q2: Which years were the War of the Thuringian Succession fought?
A2: 1247–1264
Q3: When did the western half of the state become Hesse?
A3: 1247
Q4: Where was the Wettin dynasty from?
A4: Margraviate of Meissen
Q5: Who did the Saxon Duchies consist of?
A5: the states of Saxe-Weimar, Saxe-Eisenach, Saxe-Jena, Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg, and Saxe-Gotha
Thuringia (History)

Thuringia generally accepted the Protestant Reformation, and Roman Catholicism was suppressed as early as 1520[citation needed]; priests who remained loyal to it were driven away and churches and monasteries were largely destroyed, especially during the German Peasants' War of 1525. In Mühlhausen and elsewhere, the Anabaptists found many adherents. Thomas Müntzer, a leader of some non-peaceful groups of this sect, was active in this city. Within the borders of modern Thuringia the Roman Catholic faith only survived in the Eichsfeld district, which was ruled by the Archbishop of Mainz, and to a small degree in Erfurt and its immediate vicinity.

Q1: When did Roman Catholicism become suppressed?
A1: as early as 1520
Q2: What happened to loyal Roman Catholicism priests?
A2: were driven away
Q3: When were most churches and monasteries destroyed?
A3: during the German Peasants' War of 1525
Q4: Who was Thomas Muntzer?
A4: a leader of some non-peaceful groups
Q5: Which Thuringian district did the Roman Catholic faith survive in?
A5: the Eichsfeld district
Thuringia (History)

Thuringia's leading research centre is Jena, followed by Ilmenau. Both focus on technology, in particular life sciences and optics at Jena and information technology at Ilmenau. Erfurt is a centre of Germany's horticultural research, whereas Weimar and Gotha with their various archives and libraries are centres of historic and cultural research. Most of the research in Thuringia is publicly funded basic research due to the lack of large companies able to invest significant amounts in applied research, with the notable exception of the optics sector at Jena.

Q1: What is the focus of Thuringia's research center, Jena?
A1: life sciences and optics
Q2: Which universities are known for their historic and cultural aspects?
A2: Weimar and Gotha
Q3: How is most research in Thuringia funded?
A3: publicly funded
Q4:   What is one company that is able to get investments from large companies?
A4: the optics sector at Jena.
Buckingham_Palace (Art and architecture)

Thus, Buckingham Palace is a symbol and home of the British monarchy, an art gallery and a tourist attraction. Behind the gilded railings and gates which were completed by the Bromsgrove Guild in 1911 and Webb's famous façade, which has been described in a book published by the Royal Collection as looking "like everybody's idea of a palace", is not only a weekday home of the Queen and Prince Philip but also the London residence of the Duke of York and the Earl and Countess of Wessex. The palace also houses the offices of the Queen, Prince Philip, Duke of York, Earl and Countess of Wessex, Princess Royal, and Princess Alexandra, and is the workplace of more than 800 people.

Q1: Aside from being the home of the monarchy and a tourist attraction, what else is Buckingham Palace known for?
A1: art gallery
Q2: Who made the palaces gilded railings and gates?
A2: Bromsgrove Guild
Q3: Buckingham Palace is also the London Residence for which Duke?
A3: Duke of York
Q4: Who is Buckingham palace home to?
A4: the British monarchy
Q5: Who completed the palaces gilded railing and gates?
A5: Bromsgrove Guild
Q6: In what year were the railings and gates completed?
A6: 1911
Q7: How many people work at Buckingham Palace?
A7: 800 people
Hellenistic_period (History)

Thus, in less than twenty years, Rome had destroyed the power of one of the successor states, crippled another, and firmly entrenched its influence over Greece. This was primarily a result of the over-ambition of the Macedonian kings, and their unintended provocation of Rome; though Rome was quick to exploit the situation. In another twenty years, the Macedonian kingdom was no more. Seeking to re-assert Macedonian power and Greek independence, Philip V's son Perseus incurred the wrath of the Romans, resulting in the Third Macedonian War (171–168 BC). Victorious, the Romans abolished the Macedonian kingdom, replacing it with four puppet republics; these lasted a further twenty years before Macedon was formally annexed as a Roman province (146 BC) after yet another rebellion under Andriscus. Rome now demanded that the Achaean League, the last stronghold of Greek independence, be dissolved. The Achaeans refused and declared war on Rome. Most of the Greek cities rallied to the Achaeans' side, even slaves were freed to fight for Greek independence. The Roman consul Lucius Mummius advanced from Macedonia and defeated the Greeks at Corinth, which was razed to the ground. In 146 BC, the Greek peninsula, though not the islands, became a Roman protectorate. Roman taxes were imposed, except in Athens and Sparta, and all the cities had to accept rule by Rome's local allies.

Q1: What was the name of Philip V's son who wanted to bring back Greek independence?
A1: Perseus
Q2: Perseus fought the Romans in what war?
A2: Third Macedonian War
Q3: When was Macedonia annexed by the Romans?
A3: 146 BC
Q4: Which Roman consul defeated the Greeks at Corinth?
A4: Lucius Mummius
Q5: When did the Greek peninsula become a Roman protectorate?
A5: 146 BC