LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Chinese_characters (Language and literature)

While new characters can be easily coined by writing on paper, they are difficult to represent on a computer – they must generally be represented as a picture, rather than as text – which presents a significant barrier to their use or widespread adoption. Compare this with the use of symbols as names in 20th century musical albums such as Led Zeppelin IV (1971) and Love Symbol Album (1993); an album cover may potentially contain any graphics, but in writing and other computation these symbols are difficult to use.

Q1: What can be easily coined by writing on paper?
A1: characters
Q2: What can be difficult to represent on a computer?
A2: characters
Q3: What has their been a prominent supply of in the 20th century?
A3: symbols
Marvel_Comics (Geography and places)

While no other Timely character would achieve the success of these "big three", some notable heroes—many of which continue to appear in modern-day retcon appearances and flashbacks—include the Whizzer, Miss America, the Destroyer, the original Vision, and the Angel. Timely also published one of humor cartoonist Basil Wolverton's best-known features, "Powerhouse Pepper", as well as a line of children's funny-animal comics featuring popular characters like Super Rabbit and the duo Ziggy Pig and Silly Seal.

Q1: What cartoon humorist did some high profile stories for Marvel in the early years?
A1: Basil Wolverton
Q2: What was the name of the humorous feature penned by Wolverton?
A2: "Powerhouse Pepper"
Q3: What duo of kid-themed characters were featured in early Marvel issues?
A3: Ziggy Pig and Silly Seal
Q4: What early Marvel character may have been envisioned as a female counterpoint to Captain America?
A4: Miss America
Q5: The most popular early Marvel heroes were collectively and colloquially known as what?
A5: "big three"
Oklahoma_City (Geography and places)

While not in Oklahoma City proper, other large employers within the MSA region include: Tinker Air Force Base (27,000); University of Oklahoma (11,900); University of Central Oklahoma (2,900); and Norman Regional Hospital (2,800).

Q1: How many universities are within the MSA region?
A1: 2
Q2: What hospital is in the MSA region
A2: Norman Regional Hospital
Q3: How many employees work for Tinker Air Force Base?
A3: 27,000
Q4: How many employees work for Norman Regional Hospital?
A4: 2,800
Q5: How many people work in University of Oklahoma?
A5: 11,900
Heian_period (History)

While on one hand the Heian period was an unusually long period of peace, it can also be argued that the period weakened Japan economically and led to poverty for all but a tiny few of its inhabitants. The control of rice fields provided a key source of income for families such as the Fujiwara and were a fundamental base for their power. The aristocratic beneficiaries of Heian culture, the Ryōmin (良民 "Good People") numbered about five thousand in a land of perhaps five million. One reason the samurai were able to take power was that the ruling nobility proved incompetent at managing Japan and its provinces. By the year 1000 the government no longer knew how to issue currency and money was gradually disappearing. Instead of a fully realised system of money circulation, rice was the primary unit of exchange. The lack of a solid medium of economic exchange is implicitly illustrated in novels of the time. For instance, messengers were rewarded with useful objects, e.g., an old silk kimono, rather than paid a fee.

Q1: What crop was a primary source of income during the Heian period?
A1: rice
Q2: What was the name of the beneficiaries of Heian culture?
A2: Ryōmin
Q3: Currency gradually disappeared around what year?
A3: 1000
Q4: What crop became the primary unit of exchange?
A4: rice
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

While on tour Madonna participated in the Raising Malawi initiative by partially funding an orphanage in and traveling to that country. While there, she decided to adopt a boy named David Banda in October 2006. The adoption raised strong public reaction, because Malawian law requires would-be parents to reside in Malawi for one year before adopting, which Madonna did not do. She addressed this on The Oprah Winfrey Show, saying that there were no written adoption laws in Malawi that regulated foreign adoption. She described how Banda had been suffering from pneumonia after surviving malaria and tuberculosis when she first met him. Banda's biological father, Yohane, commented, "These so-called human rights activists are harassing me every day, threatening me that I am not aware of what I am doing..... They want me to support their court case, a thing I cannot do for I know what I agreed with Madonna and her husband." The adoption was finalized in May 2008.

Q1: What was the charity that Madonna was involved in when in Malawi?
A1: Raising Malawi initiative
Q2: When did Madonna adopt David Banda?
A2: October 2006
Q3: What was Banda suffering from when Madonna first met him?
A3: pneumonia
Q4: What was the name of Banda's biological father?
A4: Yohane
Q5: When was the adoption finalized?
A5: May 2008
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System (Video games)

While other companies were moving on to 32-bit systems, Rare and Nintendo proved that the SNES was still a strong contender in the market. In November 1994, Rare released Donkey Kong Country, a platform game featuring 3D models and textures pre-rendered on SGI workstations. With its detailed graphics, fluid animation and high-quality music, Donkey Kong Country rivaled the aesthetic quality of games that were being released on newer 32-bit CD-based consoles. In the last 45 days of 1994, the game sold 6.1 million units, making it the fastest-selling video game in history to that date. This game sent a message that early 32-bit systems had little to offer over the SNES, and helped make way for the more advanced consoles on the horizon.

Q1: Which company developed Donkey Kong Country?
A1: Rare
Q2: When was Donkey Kong Country released?
A2: November 1994
Q3: What kind of computers were Donkey Kong Country's graphics rendered on?
A3: SGI workstations
Q4: How many copies of Donkey Kong Country were sold in its first 45 days?
A4: 6.1 million
Q5: How did Donkey Kong Country's quality compare to games on newer consoles?
A5: detailed graphics, fluid animation and high-quality music
Vacuum (Natural sciences)

While outer space provides the most rarefied example of a naturally occurring partial vacuum, the heavens were originally thought to be seamlessly filled by a rigid indestructible material called aether. Borrowing somewhat from the pneuma of Stoic physics, aether came to be regarded as the rarefied air from which it took its name, (see Aether (mythology)). Early theories of light posited a ubiquitous terrestrial and celestial medium through which light propagated. Additionally, the concept informed Isaac Newton's explanations of both refraction and of radiant heat. 19th century experiments into this luminiferous aether attempted to detect a minute drag on the Earth's orbit. While the Earth does, in fact, move through a relatively dense medium in comparison to that of interstellar space, the drag is so minuscule that it could not be detected. In 1912, astronomer Henry Pickering commented: "While the interstellar absorbing medium may be simply the ether, [it] is characteristic of a gas, and free gaseous molecules are certainly there".

Q1: What was originally believed the heavens were filled with?
A1: aether
Q2: Why were experiments done on luminiferous aether in the 19 Century?
A2: "While the interstellar absorbing medium may be simply the ether, [it] is characteris
Q3: Who stated that the character of a gas and free molecule were in ether?
A3: Henry Pickering
Q4: Where are the highest amounts of naturally occurring partial vacuums?
A4: outer space
Q5: What was ether originally thought to be made of?
A5: rigid indestructible material
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

While performing as a backup singer and dancer for the French disco artist Patrick Hernandez on his 1979 world tour, Madonna became romantically involved with musician Dan Gilroy. Together, they formed her first rock band, the Breakfast Club, for which Madonna sang and played drums and guitar. In 1980 or 1981 she left Breakfast Club and, with her former boyfriend Stephen Bray as drummer, formed the band Emmy. The two began writing songs together, and Madonna later decided to market herself as a solo act. Their music impressed DJ and record producer Mark Kamins who arranged a meeting between Madonna and Sire Records founder Seymour Stein.

Q1: Which year was Patrick Hernandez's world tour held?
A1: 1979
Q2: Who did Madonna started seeing when she worked as a back up singer/dancer during Patrick Hernandez's tour?
A2: Dan Gilroy
Q3: What was the name of the band which Madonna and Dan Gilroy started?
A3: Breakfast Club
Q4: When did Madonna leave the Breakfast Club?
A4: 1980 or 1981
Q5: After leaving the Breakfast Club, who did she formed the band Emmy with?
A5: Stephen Bray
Professional_wrestling (Sports and recreation)

While pro wrestling is often described simplistically as a "soap opera for males", it has also been cited as filling the role of past forms of literature and theatre; a synthesis of classical heroics, commedia dell'arte, revenge tragedies, morality plays, and burlesque. The characters and storylines portrayed by a successful promotion are seen to reflect the current mood, attitudes, and concerns of that promotion's society (and can, in turn, influence those same things). Wrestling's high levels of violence and masculinity make it a vicarious outlet for aggression during peacetime.

Q1: What is wrestling sometimes called?
A1: "soap opera for males"
Q2: What is wrestling to people during a peaceful time?
A2: vicarious outlet for aggression
Q3: What role does wrestling fill?
A3: past forms of literature and theatre;
Richard_Feynman (Mathematics)

While pursuing his PhD at Princeton, Feynman married his high school sweetheart, Arline Greenbaum (often misspelled "Arlene"), despite the knowledge that she was seriously ill with tuberculosis—an incurable disease at the time. She died in 1945. In 1946, Feynman wrote a letter to her, expressing his deep love and heartbreak, that he kept for the rest of his life. ("Please excuse my not mailing this," the letter concluded, "but I don't know your new address.") This portion of Feynman's life was portrayed in the 1996 film Infinity, which featured Feynman's daughter, Michelle, in a cameo role.

Q1: Who was Feynman's wife?
A1: Arline Greenbaum
Q2: Which disease did Arline succumb to?
A2: tuberculosis
Q3: In which year did his wife die?
A3: 1945
Q4: Who played a cameo in a film about Feynman?
A4: Feynman's daughter, Michelle
Q5: What was the name of the film that showed Feynman's life?
A5: Infinity
Royal_assent (History)

While royal assent has not been withheld in the United Kingdom since 1708, it has often been withheld in British colonies and former colonies by governors acting on royal instructions. In the United States Declaration of Independence, colonists complained that George III "has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good [and] has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them." Even after colonies such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, and Newfoundland were granted responsible government, the British government continued to sometimes advise governors-general on the granting of assent; assent was also occasionally reserved to allow the British government to examine a bill before advising the governor-general.

Q1: Which year was royal assent last withheld in the UK?
A1: 1708
Q2: The United States Declaration of Independence mentions which British monarch?
A2: George III
Q3: What did the American colonies accuse the monarch of?
A3: refused his Assent to Laws
Q4: In what year was royal assent last witheld in the UK?
A4: 1708
Q5: Who continued to advise governors-general of granting of assent, even after their colonies had responsible government?
A5: the British government
Q6: To whom did the British government occasionally still advice on the royal assent, although they had their own responsible governments?
A6: colonies such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, and Newfoundland
Memory (Social sciences and society)

While short-term memory encodes information acoustically, long-term memory encodes it semantically: Baddeley (1966) discovered that, after 20 minutes, test subjects had the most difficulty recalling a collection of words that had similar meanings (e.g. big, large, great, huge) long-term. Another part of long-term memory is episodic memory, "which attempts to capture information such as 'what', 'when' and 'where'". With episodic memory, individuals are able to recall specific events such as birthday parties and weddings.

Q1: How does short term memory encode information?
A1: acoustically
Q2: How does long term memory encode information?
A2: semantically
Q3: What is episodic memory?
A3: "which attempts to capture information such as 'what', 'when' and 'where'
Q4: If someone where to recall a wedding they had went to a year before, which type of memory would be used?
A4: episodic memory,
Q5: What did Baddeleys test subjects have touble doing?
A5: recalling a collection of words that had similar meanings
North_Carolina (Geography and places)

While slaveholding was slightly less concentrated than in some Southern states, according to the 1860 census, more than 330,000 people, or 33% of the population of 992,622, were enslaved African Americans. They lived and worked chiefly on plantations in the eastern Tidewater. In addition, 30,463 free people of color lived in the state. They were also concentrated in the eastern coastal plain, especially at port cities such as Wilmington and New Bern, where a variety of jobs were available. Free African Americans were allowed to vote until 1835, when the state revoked their suffrage in restrictions following the slave rebellion of 1831 led by Nat Turner. Southern slave codes criminalized willful killing of a slave in most cases.

Q1: In 1860, what percent of the North Carolina population were slaves?
A1: 33
Q2: Where were most of the slaves in North Carolina located?
A2: eastern Tidewater
Q3: What type of land did the slaves live on?
A3: plantations
Q4: How many free people of color lived in NC in 1860?
A4: 30,463
Q5: Where were the free people of color located in north carolina in 1860?
A5: eastern coastal plain
Bird (Natural sciences)

While some birds are essentially territorial or live in small family groups, other birds may form large flocks. The principal benefits of flocking are safety in numbers and increased foraging efficiency. Defence against predators is particularly important in closed habitats like forests, where ambush predation is common and multiple eyes can provide a valuable early warning system. This has led to the development of many mixed-species feeding flocks, which are usually composed of small numbers of many species; these flocks provide safety in numbers but increase potential competition for resources. Costs of flocking include bullying of socially subordinate birds by more dominant birds and the reduction of feeding efficiency in certain cases.

Q1: What are the principal benefits of flocking?
A1: safety in numbers and increased foraging efficiency
Q2: What is a cost of flocking?
A2: bullying of socially subordinate birds by more dominant birds
Q3: What is particularly important in closed habitats like forests?
A3: Defence against predators
Tuvalu (Geography and places)

While some commentators have called for the relocation of Tuvalu's population to Australia, New Zealand or Kioa in Fiji, in 2006 Maatia Toafa (Prime Minister from 2004–2006) said his government did not regard rising sea levels as such a threat that the entire population would need to be evacuated. In 2013 Enele Sopoaga, the prime minister of Tuvalu, said that relocating Tuvaluans to avoid the impact of sea level rise "should never be an option because it is self defeating in itself. For Tuvalu I think we really need to mobilise public opinion in the Pacific as well as in the [rest of] world to really talk to their lawmakers to please have some sort of moral obligation and things like that to do the right thing."

Q1: What do some people want to do with the people of Tuvalu?
A1: relocation
Q2: What did the Tuvalu Prime Minster say was not enough of an immediate threat to cause evacuation of the population? 
A2: rising sea levels
Q3: When did Prime Minster Maatia Toafa make his comments about not evacuating Tuvalu? 
A3: 2006
Q4: What did Enele Sopoaga think evacuation of the people should be?
A4: never be an option
Arena_Football_League (Sports and recreation)

While some teams have enjoyed considerable on-field and even financial success, many teams in the history of the league have enjoyed little success either on or off of the field of play. There are a number of franchises which existed in the form of a number of largely-unrelated teams under numerous management groups until they folded (an example is the New York CityHawks whose owners transferred the team from New York to Hartford to become the New England Sea Wolves after two seasons, then after another two seasons were sold and became the Toronto Phantoms, who lasted another two seasons until folding). There are a number of reasons why these teams failed, including financially weak ownership groups, lack of deep financial support from some owners otherwise capable of providing it, lack of media exposure, and the host city's evident lack of interest in its team or the sport as a whole.

Q1: What team did the New York CityHawks become after moving to Hartford?
A1: New England Sea Wolves
Q2: What city did the Sea Wolves move to?
A2: Toronto
Q3: How many seasons were the CityHawks in New York?
A3: two
Q4: How long did the Sea Wolves stay in Hartford?
A4: two seasons
Q5: How many seasons did the Toronto Phantoms last?
A5: two
On_the_Origin_of_Species (Natural sciences)

While some, like Spencer, used analogy from natural selection as an argument against government intervention in the economy to benefit the poor, others, including Alfred Russel Wallace, argued that action was needed to correct social and economic inequities to level the playing field before natural selection could improve humanity further. Some political commentaries, including Walter Bagehot's Physics and Politics (1872), attempted to extend the idea of natural selection to competition between nations and between human races. Such ideas were incorporated into what was already an ongoing effort by some working in anthropology to provide scientific evidence for the superiority of Caucasians over non white races and justify European imperialism. Historians write that most such political and economic commentators had only a superficial understanding of Darwin's scientific theory, and were as strongly influenced by other concepts about social progress and evolution, such as the Lamarckian ideas of Spencer and Haeckel, as they were by Darwin's work. Darwin objected to his ideas being used to justify military aggression and unethical business practices as he believed morality was part of fitness in humans, and he opposed polygenism, the idea that human races were fundamentally distinct and did not share a recent common ancestry.

Q1: Who believed that action needed to be taken to level out the social and economic playing field before natural selection could occur to improve humanity?
A1: Alfred Russel Wallace
Q2: Which political commentary attempted to widen the idea of natural selection to include competition between different races of people and countries?
A2: Walter Bagehot's Physics and Politics (1872)
Q3: Why were some political commentaries attempting to attach natural selection to human races?
A3: to provide scientific evidence for the superiority of Caucasians over non white races and justify European imperialism
Q4: What uses of his ideology did Darwin object to being used?
A4: to justify military aggression and unethical business practices
Q5: What theory about humanity did Darwin oppose?
A5: he opposed polygenism, the idea that human races were fundamentally distinct and did not share a recent common ancestry.
Steven_Spielberg (Media and drama)

While still a student, he was offered a small unpaid intern job at Universal Studios with the editing department. He was later given the opportunity to make a short film for theatrical release, the 26-minute, 35mm, Amblin', which he wrote and directed. Studio vice president Sidney Sheinberg was impressed by the film, which had won a number of awards, and offered Spielberg a seven-year directing contract. It made him the youngest director ever to be signed for a long-term deal with a major Hollywood studio.:548 He subsequently dropped out of college to begin professionally directing TV productions with Universal.

Q1: What job was SPielberg offered when he was a student?
A1: Universal Studios
Q2: Who offered Spielberg a contract at Universal Studios?
A2: Sidney Sheinberg
Q3: What short film did Spielberg make for theatrical release?
A3: Amblin
Q4: What did Steven Spielberg do to begin directing TV prouctions for Universal?
A4: dropped out of college
Q5: How did Sidney Sheinberg feel about the film "Amblin'"
A5: impressed
Q6: What studio gave Spielberg an unpaid internship?
A6: Universal Studios
Q7: What department did Spielberg have an unpaid internship with?
A7: editing
Q8: How long was 'Amblin'?
A8: 26-minute
Q9: What was Sidney Sheinberg's position with Universal?
A9: vice president
Q10: How long of a contract did Sheinberg give Spielberg?
A10: seven-year
Predation (Natural sciences)

While successful predation results in a gain of energy, hunting invariably involves energetic costs as well. When hunger is not an issue, in general most predators will not seek to attack prey since the costs outweigh the benefits. For instance, a large predatory fish like a shark that is well fed in an aquarium will typically ignore the smaller fish swimming around it (while the prey fish take advantage of the fact that the apex predator is apparently uninterested). Surplus killing represents a deviation from this type of behaviour. The treatment of consumption in terms of cost-benefit analysis is known as optimal foraging theory, and has been quite successful in the study of animal behavior. In general, costs and benefits are considered in energy gain per unit time, though other factors are also important, such as essential nutrients that have no caloric value but are necessary for survival and health.

Q1: What makes predation successful?
A1: gain of energy
Q2: Treating the hunt as a cost-benefit scenario is referred to a what?
A2: optimal foraging theory
Q3: In optimal foraging theory, how are costs and benefits measured?
A3: energy gain per unit time