LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Boston (Geography and places)

Many older buildings in certain areas of Boston are supported by wooden piles driven into the area's fill; these piles remain sound if submerged in water, but are subject to dry rot if exposed to air for long periods. Groundwater levels have been dropping, to varying degrees, in many areas of the city, due in part to an increase in the amount of rainwater discharged directly into sewers rather than absorbed by the ground. A city agency, the Boston Groundwater Trust, coordinates monitoring of groundwater levels throughout the city via a network of public and private monitoring wells. However, Boston's drinking water supply, from the Quabbin and Wachusett Reservoirs to the west, is one of the very few in the country so pure as to satisfy federal water quality standards without filtration.

Q1: Lots of older buildings are supported by what?
A1: wooden piles
Q2: The piles begin to rot if exposed to what?
A2: air
Q3: What has been happening to groundwater levels?
A3: dropping
Q4: Where does the groundwater go instead of into the ground?
A4: directly into sewers
Predation (Natural sciences)

Many organisms (of which humans are prime examples) eat from multiple levels of the food chain and, thus, make this classification problematic. A carnivore may eat both secondary and tertiary consumers, and its prey may itself be difficult to classify for similar reasons. Organisms showing both carnivory and herbivory are known as omnivores. Even herbivores such as the giant panda may supplement their diet with meat. Scavenging of carrion provides a significant part of the diet of some of the most fearsome predators. Carnivorous plants would be very difficult to fit into this classification, producing their own food but also digesting anything that they may trap. Organisms that eat detritivores or parasites would also be difficult to classify by such a scheme.

Q1: Dead animals that died as a result of natural causes or non-fatal injuries are called?
A1: carrion
Q2: Why are species can be difficult to classify because they?
A2: eat from multiple levels of the food chain
Q3: What are plants that eat both living species and consume sunlight for energy called? 
A3: Carnivorous plants
Q4: What are organisms called that show carnivory and herbivory?
A4: omnivores
Q5: What can make classification of predators problematic when using a food pyramid?
A5: Many organisms (of which humans are prime examples) eat from multiple levels of the food chain
Q6: Why would carnivourous plants be difficult to classify into a food pyramid?
A6: producing their own food but also digesting anything that they may trap
Q7: Would it be easy or difficult to classify organims that eat parasites in a food pyramid?
A7: difficult
Windows_8 (Engineering and technology)

Many other builds were released until the Japan's Developers Day conference, when Steven Sinofsky announced that Windows 8 Release Preview (build 8400) would be released during the first week of June. On May 28, 2012, Windows 8 Release Preview (Standard Simplified Chinese x64 edition, not China-specific version, build 8400) was leaked online on various Chinese and BitTorrent websites. On May 31, 2012, Windows 8 Release Preview was released to the public by Microsoft. Major items in the Release Preview included the addition of Sports, Travel, and News apps, along with an integrated version of Adobe Flash Player in Internet Explorer. Like the Developer Preview and the Consumer Preview, the release preview expired on January 15, 2013.

Q1: When was the Release Preview revealed to consumers?
A1: May 31, 2012
Q2: When was the release preview set to expire?
A2: January 15, 2013
Q3: What were the main components of the Release preview?
A3: addition of Sports, Travel, and News apps, along with an integrated version of Adobe Flash Player
Q4: What was the build number of the Windows 8 Release Preview?
A4: 8400
Q5: When was the Windows 8 Release Preview accidentally revealed?
A5: May 28, 2012
Asthma (Natural sciences)

Many other conditions can cause symptoms similar to those of asthma. In children, other upper airway diseases such as allergic rhinitis and sinusitis should be considered as well as other causes of airway obstruction including: foreign body aspiration, tracheal stenosis or laryngotracheomalacia, vascular rings, enlarged lymph nodes or neck masses. Bronchiolitis and other viral infections may also produce wheezing. In adults, COPD, congestive heart failure, airway masses, as well as drug-induced coughing due to ACE inhibitors should be considered. In both populations vocal cord dysfunction may present similarly.

Q1: What is a condition that can cause symptoms of astham in children?
A1: allergic rhinitis and sinusitis
Q2: What are some other causes of airway obstruction?
A2: foreign body aspiration, tracheal stenosis or laryngotracheomalacia, vascular rings, enlarged lymph nodes or neck masses
Q3: What other conditions can cause wheezing?
A3: Bronchiolitis and other viral infections
Q4: In adults, what conditions can cause the symptoms of asthma?
A4: COPD, congestive heart failure, airway masses, as well as drug-induced coughing due to ACE inhibitors
Database (Engineering and technology)

Many other databases have application software that accesses the database on behalf of end-users, without exposing the DBMS interface directly. Application programmers may use a wire protocol directly, or more likely through an application programming interface. Database designers and database administrators interact with the DBMS through dedicated interfaces to build and maintain the applications' databases, and thus need some more knowledge and understanding about how DBMSs operate and the DBMSs' external interfaces and tuning parameters.

Q1: How are many databases accessed?
A1: application software
Q2: How do administrators work with the DBMS?
A2: through dedicated interfaces
Q3: What is a way for programmers to use the DBMS?
A3: wire protocol
Alexander_Graham_Bell (Engineering and technology)

Many other inventions marked Bell's later life, including groundbreaking work in optical telecommunications, hydrofoils and aeronautics. Although Bell was not one of the 33 founders of the National Geographic Society, he had a strong influence on the magazine while serving as the second president from January 7, 1898 until 1903.

Q1: How many people started the National Geographic Society?
A1: 33
Q2: Bell was the second president of what magazine?
A2: National Geographic Society
Q3: What field did Bell later work in, apart from optical telecommunications and aeronautics?
A3: hydrofoils
Q4: What year did Bell become President of the National Geographic magazine?
A4: 1898
Wood (Natural sciences)

Many other types of sports and recreation equipment, such as skis, ice hockey sticks, lacrosse sticks and archery bows, were commonly made of wood in the past, but have since been replaced with more modern materials such as aluminium, fiberglass, carbon fiber, titanium, and composite materials. One noteworthy example of this trend is the golf club commonly known as the wood, the head of which was traditionally made of persimmon wood in the early days of the game of golf, but is now generally made of synthetic materials.

Q1: What pieces of equipment for shooting arrows used to be wooden?
A1: archery bows
Q2: Which pieces of ice hockey equipment were once made out of wood?
A2: sticks
Q3: When the golf club called the "wood" was actually made out of it, what type of wood was used?
A3: persimmon
Q4: What is the golf club known as the "wood" usually made out of today?
A4: synthetic materials
Q5: What other modern material has joined composites, carbon fiber, titanium, and aluminum to replace wood in the manufacture of sporting equipment?
A5: fiberglass
Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas (History)

Many parts of the Americas are still populated by indigenous peoples; some countries have sizable populations, especially Belize, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Greenland, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru. At least a thousand different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas. Some, such as the Quechuan languages, Aymara, Guaraní, Mayan languages, and Nahuatl, count their speakers in millions. Many also maintain aspects of indigenous cultural practices to varying degrees, including religion, social organization, and subsistence practices. Like most cultures, over time, cultures specific to many indigenous peoples have evolved to incorporate traditional aspects, but also cater to modern needs. Some indigenous peoples still live in relative isolation from Western culture and a few are still counted as uncontacted peoples.

Q1: Where are there still populations of indigenous peoples?
A1: Many parts of the Americas
Q2: Belize, Chile and Greenland are just some countries with sizable populations of what peoples?
A2: indigenous
Q3: How many different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas?
A3: At least a thousand
Q4: What do many indigenous cultures still practice to different extends to this day?
A4: religion, social organization, and subsistence practices
Q5: What have some indigenous peoples managed to remain in relative isolation from?
A5: Western culture
Strasbourg (Geography and places)

Many people from Strasbourg were incorporated in the German Army against their will, and were sent to the eastern front, those young men and women were called Malgré-nous. Many tried to escape from the incorporation, join the French Resistance, or desert the Wehrmacht but many couldn't because they were running the risk of having their families sent to work or concentration camps by the Germans. Many of these men, especially those who did not answer the call immediately, were pressured to "volunteer" for service with the SS, often by direct threats on their families. This threat obliged the majority of them to remain in the German army. After the war, the few that survived were often accused of being traitors or collaborationists, because this tough situation was not known in the rest of France, and they had to face the incomprehension of many. In July 1944, 1500 malgré-nous were released from Soviet captivity and sent to Algiers, where they joined the Free French Forces. Nowadays history recognizes the suffering of those people, and museums, public discussions and memorials have been built to commemorate this terrible period of history of this part of Eastern France (Alsace and Moselle). Liberation of Strasbourg took place on 23 November 1944.

Q1: What were the men and women sent to the eastern front against their will called? 
A1: Malgré-nous
Q2: Who sent deserters families to concentration camps?
A2: Germans
Q3: Where were the freed soviet captives sent?
A3: Algiers
Q4: When did the liberation of Strasbourg take place?
A4: 23 November 1944
Identity_(social_science) (Philosophy and religion)

Many people gain a sense of positive self-esteem from their identity groups, which furthers a sense of community and belonging. Another issue that researchers have attempted to address is the question of why people engage in discrimination, i.e., why they tend to favor those they consider a part of their "in-group" over those considered to be outsiders. Both questions have been given extensive attention by researchers working in the social identity tradition. For example, in work relating to social identity theory it has been shown that merely crafting cognitive distinction between in- and out-groups can lead to subtle effects on people's evaluations of others (Cote & Levine 2002).

Q1: What do many people gain from their identity groups?
A1: a sense of positive self-esteem
Q2: People favoring those in their group over outsiders, is an example of what?
A2: discrimination
Q3: Belonging and discrimination are both important to researchers working in what tradition?
A3: the social identity tradition
Q4: Distinction between in and out groups has been shown to affect people's evaluations of others in work related to what?
A4: social identity theory
Pesticide (Natural sciences)

Many pesticides can be grouped into chemical families. Prominent insecticide families include organochlorines, organophosphates, and carbamates. Organochlorine hydrocarbons (e.g., DDT) could be separated into dichlorodiphenylethanes, cyclodiene compounds, and other related compounds. They operate by disrupting the sodium/potassium balance of the nerve fiber, forcing the nerve to transmit continuously. Their toxicities vary greatly, but they have been phased out because of their persistence and potential to bioaccumulate.:239–240 Organophosphate and carbamates largely replaced organochlorines. Both operate through inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, allowing acetylcholine to transfer nerve impulses indefinitely and causing a variety of symptoms such as weakness or paralysis. Organophosphates are quite toxic to vertebrates, and have in some cases been replaced by less toxic carbamates.:136–137 Thiocarbamate and dithiocarbamates are subclasses of carbamates. Prominent families of herbicides include phenoxy and benzoic acid herbicides (e.g. 2,4-D), triazines (e.g., atrazine), ureas (e.g., diuron), and Chloroacetanilides (e.g., alachlor). Phenoxy compounds tend to selectively kill broad-leaf weeds rather than grasses. The phenoxy and benzoic acid herbicides function similar to plant growth hormones, and grow cells without normal cell division, crushing the plant's nutrient transport system.:300 Triazines interfere with photosynthesis.:335 Many commonly used pesticides are not included in these families, including glyphosate.

Q1: Organochlorine hydrocarbons effect what balance of the nerve fiber?
A1: sodium/potassium
Q2: Why was the use of organochlorine hydrocarbons ended?
A2: because of their persistence and potential to bioaccumulate
Q3: What type of herbicide selectively kills broad leef weeds?
A3: Phenoxy compounds
Q4: What essential plan funtion is interrupted by triazines?
A4: photosynthesis
Q5: Organophospates and carbamates cause which symptoms?
A5: weakness or paralysis
San_Diego (Geography and places)

Many popular museums, such as the San Diego Museum of Art, the San Diego Natural History Museum, the San Diego Museum of Man, the Museum of Photographic Arts, and the San Diego Air & Space Museum are located in Balboa Park, which is also the location of the San Diego Zoo. The Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego (MCASD) is located in La Jolla and has a branch located at the Santa Fe Depot downtown. The downtown branch consists of two building on two opposite streets. The Columbia district downtown is home to historic ship exhibits belonging to the San Diego Maritime Museum, headlined by the Star of India, as well as the unrelated San Diego Aircraft Carrier Museum featuring the USS Midway aircraft carrier.

Q1: What museum has a branch at the Santa Fe Depot?
A1: Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego (MCASD)
Q2: In what district can historic ship exhibits be found?
A2: Columbia district downtown
Q3: Where can one find the San Diego Zoo?
A3: Balboa Park
Q4: Which museum houses the USS Midway aircraft carrier?
A4: San Diego Aircraft Carrier Museum
Q5: What space-focused museum is in Balboa Park?
A5: San Diego Air & Space Museum
Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas (History)

Many pre-Columbian civilizations established characteristics and hallmarks which included permanent or urban settlements, agriculture, civic and monumental architecture, and complex societal hierarchies. Some of these civilizations had long faded by the time of the first significant European and African arrivals (ca. late 15th–early 16th centuries), and are known only through oral history and through archaeological investigations. Others were contemporary with this period, and are also known from historical accounts of the time. A few, such as the Mayan, Olmec, Mixtec, and Nahua peoples, had their own written records. However, the European colonists of the time worked to eliminate non-Christian beliefs, and Christian pyres destroyed many pre-Columbian written records. Only a few documents remained hidden and survived, leaving contemporary historians with glimpses of ancient culture and knowledge.

Q1: Urban settlements and complex societal hierarchies are just some of the hallmarks established by which civilizations?
A1: pre-Columbian
Q2: What had long faded prior to the first European and African arrivals?
A2: Some of these civilizations
Q3: How do we know about some of the civilizations that were gone by the time of European arrival?
A3: oral history and through archaeological investigations
Q4: What did European colonists destroy on their pyres?
A4: written records
Q5: What gave today's historians a glimpse of the culture and knowledge of the indigenous civilizations?
A5: a few documents
Gene (Natural sciences)

Many prokaryotic genes are organized into operons, with multiple protein-coding sequences that are transcribed as a unit. The products of operon genes typically have related functions and are involved in the same regulatory network.:7.3

Q1: What are most prokaryotic genes organized into?
A1: operons
Q2: What are multiple protein coding sequences transcribed as?
A2: a unit
Q3: What sort of functions do the products of operon genes typically have?
A3: related functions
Q4: What type of network are the products of operon genes typically involved with?
A4: the same regulatory network
Q5: What type of coding sequences do prokaryotic genes typically have?
A5: multiple protein-coding sequences
The_Bronx (Geography and places)

Many public high schools are located in the borough including the elite Bronx High School of Science, Celia Cruz Bronx High School of Music, DeWitt Clinton High School, High School for Violin and Dance, Bronx Leadership Academy 2, Bronx International High School, the School for Excellence, the Morris Academy for Collaborative Study, Wings Academy for young adults, The Bronx School for Law, Government and Justice, Validus Preparatory Academy, The Eagle Academy For Young Men, Bronx Expeditionary Learning High School, Bronx Academy of Letters, Herbert H. Lehman High School and High School of American Studies. The Bronx is also home to three of New York City's most prestigious private, secular schools: Fieldston, Horace Mann, and Riverdale Country School.

Q1: Which of NYC's prestigious nonreligious private schools are in the Bronx?
A1: Fieldston, Horace Mann, and Riverdale Country School
Q2: Where is the High School for Violin and Dance?
A2: The Bronx
Q3: Where is the Validus Prepatory Academy?
A3: The Bronx
Q4: Where is the School for Excellence?
A4: The Bronx
Q5: Where is the DeWitt Clinton High School?
A5: The Bronx
Pub (History)

Many pubs were drinking establishments, and little emphasis was placed on the serving of food, other than sandwiches and "bar snacks", such as pork scratchings, pickled eggs, salted crisps and peanuts which helped to increase beer sales. In South East England (especially London) it was common until recent times for vendors selling cockles, whelks, mussels, and other shellfish to sell to customers during the evening and at closing time. Many mobile shellfish stalls would set up near pubs, a practice that continues in London's East End. Otherwise, pickled cockles and mussels may be offered by the pub in jars or packets.

Q1: Pork scratchings, pickled eggs and salted crisps are examples of what type of food?
A1: bar snacks
Q2: In London, what food vendors could often be found near pubs?
A2: mobile shellfish stalls
Q3: In what section of London can mobile shellfish stalls still be found today?
A3: East End
Q4: What seafood can often be purchased in jars at pubs?
A4: pickled cockles and mussels
Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic (History)

Many regions in Russia were affected by the Soviet famine of 1932–1933: Volga; Central Black Soil Region; North Caucasus; the Urals; the Crimea; part of Western Siberia; and the Kazak ASSR. With the adoption of the 1936 Soviet Constitution on December 5, 1936, the size of the RSFSR was significantly reduced. The Kazakh ASSR and Kirghiz ASSR were transformed into the Kazakh and Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republics. The Karakalpak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic was transferred to the Uzbek SSR.

Q1: During what span was there a famine in the Soviet Union?
A1: 1932–1933
Q2: What document was ratified on December 5, 1936?
A2: the 1936 Soviet Constitution
Q3: What were the Kazakh ASSR and Kirghiz ASSR renamed per the 1936 Soviet Constitution?
A3: the Kazakh and Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republics
Q4: What republic did the Karakalpak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic become a part of?
A4: the Uzbek SSR
Q5: What effect did the 1936 Soviet Constitution have on the size of the Russia?
A5: reduced
Myanmar (Geography and places)

Many religions are practised in Myanmar. Religious edifices and orders have been in existence for many years. Festivals can be held on a grand scale. The Christian and Muslim populations do, however, face religious persecution and it is hard, if not impossible, for non-Buddhists to join the army or get government jobs, the main route to success in the country. Such persecution and targeting of civilians is particularly notable in Eastern Myanmar, where over 3000 villages have been destroyed in the past ten years. More than 200,000 Muslims have fled to Bangladesh over the last 20 years to escape Islamophobic persecution.

Q1: Does Burma have more than one religion ?
A1: Many religions are practised in Myanmar
Q2: Are public displays allowed for the celebration of religion in Myanmar ?
A2: Festivals can be held on a grand scale.
Q3: Are all welcomed to practice faith openly in Burma 
A3: Christian and Muslim populations do, however, face religious persecution
Q4: Can anyone in Burma Join the military forces in Burma ?
A4: it is hard, if not impossible, for non-Buddhists to join the army
Q5: What are the best routes for career achievement in Burma ?
A5: join the army or get government jobs, the main route to success in the country.
2008_Sichuan_earthquake (Natural sciences)

Many rescue teams, including that of the Taipei Fire Department from Taiwan, were reported ready to join the rescue effort in Sichuan as early as Wednesday. However, the Red Cross Society of China said that (on May 13) "it was inconvenient currently due to the traffic problem to the hardest hit areas closest to the epicenter." The Red Cross Society of China also stated that the disaster areas need tents, medical supplies, drinking water and food; however it recommended donating cash instead of other items, as it had not been possible to reach roads that were completely damaged or places that were blocked off by landslides. Landslides continuously threatened the progress of a search and rescue group of 80 men, each carrying about 40 kg of relief supplies, from a motorized infantry brigade under commander Yang Wenyao, as they tried to reach the ethnically Tibetan village of Sier at a height of 4000 m above sea level in Pingwu county. The extreme terrain conditions precluded the use of helicopter evacuation, and over 300 of the Tibetan villagers were stranded in their demolished village for five days without food and water before the rescue group finally arrived to help the injured and stranded villagers down the mountain.

Q1: What department was ready to join the rescue effort by Wednesday?
A1: the Taipei Fire Department
Q2: How many Tibetan villagers were stranded?
A2: over 300
Q3: What was the reason that many rescue teams could not join the relief efforts?
A3: the traffic problem
Q4: What action did the Red Cross recommend ?
A4: donating cash
Q5: What problem continued to stop rescue teams from reaching affected areas?
A5: landslides
Q6: Where were the soldiers under commander Yang Wenyao trying to go?
A6: Tibetan village of Sier