LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Adolescence (Natural sciences)

A broad way of defining adolescence is the transition from child-to-adulthood. According to Hogan & Astone (1986), this transition can include markers such as leaving school, starting a full-time job, leaving the home of origin, getting married, and becoming a parent for the first time. However, the time frame of this transition varies drastically by culture. In some countries, such as the United States, adolescence can last nearly a decade, but in others, the transition—often in the form of a ceremony—can last for only a few days.

Q1: The transition from child-to-adulthood can be broadly defined as what?
A1: adolescence
Q2: How long does the United States believe adolescence lasts?
A2: nearly a decade
Q3: Does the time frame of adolescence vary from culture to culture or remain universally agreed upon?
A3: varies drastically by culture
Q4: Leaving school, starting a full-time job, getting married, and becoming a parent for the first time are markers in what stage of one's development, according to Hogan & Astone?
A4: adolescence
Web_browser (Engineering and technology)

A browser extension is a computer program that extends the functionality of a web browser. Every major web browser supports the development of browser extensions.

Q1: A computer program that continues the functionality of a browser is called what?
A1: browser extension
Hanover (History)

A cabinet of coins is the Münzkabinett der TUI-AG. The Polizeigeschichtliche Sammlung Niedersachsen is the largest police museum in Germany. Textiles from all over the world can be visited in the Museum for textile art. The EXPOseeum is the museum of the world-exhibition "EXPO 2000 Hannover". Carpets and objects from the orient can be visited in the Oriental Carpet Museum. The Blind Man Museum is a rarity in Germany, another one is only in Berlin. The Museum of veterinary medicine is unique in Germany. The Museum for Energy History describes the 150 years old history of the application of energy. The Home Museum Ahlem shows the history of the district of Ahlem. The Mahn- und Gedenkstätte Ahlem describes the history of the Jewish people in Hanover and the Stiftung Ahlers Pro Arte / Kestner Pro Arte shows modern art. Modern art is also the main topic of the Kunsthalle Faust, the Nord/LB Art Gellery and of the Foro Artistico / Eisfabrik.

Q1: What is the Münzkabinett der TUI-AG?
A1: A cabinet of coins
Q2: What is the name of the largest police museum in Germany?
A2: Polizeigeschichtliche Sammlung Niedersachsen
Q3: Where can you find carpets and objects from the orient?
A3: Oriental Carpet Museum
Q4: Other than in Hanover, where else can you find a Blind Man Museum?
A4: Berlin
Q5: What is the main topic of the Kunsthalle Faust?
A5: Modern art
Capacitor (Engineering and technology)

A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is a passive two-terminal electrical component used to store electrical energy temporarily in an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors (plates) separated by a dielectric (i.e. an insulator that can store energy by becoming polarized). The conductors can be thin films, foils or sintered beads of metal or conductive electrolyte, etc. The nonconducting dielectric acts to increase the capacitor's charge capacity. Materials commonly used as dielectrics include glass, ceramic, plastic film, air, vacuum, paper, mica, and oxide layers. Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices. Unlike a resistor, an ideal capacitor does not dissipate energy. Instead, a capacitor stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field between its plates.

Q1: What was a capacitor originally known as?
A1: a condenser
Q2: How many electrical conductors, or plates, do all capacitors contain at a minimum?
A2: two electrical conductors
Q3: What is the name of the insulator in all capacitors that can store energy by becoming polarized?
A3: a dielectric
Q4: In what form does a capacitor store energy?
A4: the form of an electrostatic field
Q5: Where is the energy stored by a capacitor located?
A5: between its plates
Capacitor (Engineering and technology)

A capacitor consists of two conductors separated by a non-conductive region. The non-conductive region is called the dielectric. In simpler terms, the dielectric is just an electrical insulator. Examples of dielectric media are glass, air, paper, vacuum, and even a semiconductor depletion region chemically identical to the conductors. A capacitor is assumed to be self-contained and isolated, with no net electric charge and no influence from any external electric field. The conductors thus hold equal and opposite charges on their facing surfaces, and the dielectric develops an electric field. In SI units, a capacitance of one farad means that one coulomb of charge on each conductor causes a voltage of one volt across the device.

Q1: What type of area is between the two conductors in a capacitor?
A1: a non-conductive region
Q2: What is the name given to the area between two conductors in a capacitor?
A2: the dielectric
Q3: What net electric charge are capacitors assumed to have?
A3: no net electric charge
Q4: What type of charges do conductors hold on their facing surfaces?
A4: equal and opposite charges
Q5: What region within a capacitor develops an electric field?
A5: the dielectric
A_cappella (Music)

A cappella [a kapˈpɛlla] (Italian for "in the manner of the chapel") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term "a cappella" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve.

Q1: What does A cappella mean in the Italian language?
A1: in the manner of the chapel
Q2: What is another term occasionally used to refer to A cappella?
A2: alla breve
Q3: At what point did Renaissance polyphony become popular again?
A3: 19th century
Q4: How is A cappella currently defined?
A4: group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment
Q5: A cappella was originally used to tell the difference between which two styles?
A5: Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato
A_cappella (Music)

A cappella has been used as the sole orchestration for original works of musical theater that have had commercial runs Off-Broadway (theaters in New York City with 99 to 500 seats) only four times. The first was Avenue X which opened on 28 January 1994 and ran for 77 performances. It was produced by Playwrights Horizons with book by John Jiler, music and lyrics by Ray Leslee. The musical style of the show's score was primarily Doo-Wop as the plot revolved around Doo-Wop group singers of the 1960s.

Q1: How many works of a cappella in musical theater have been successful in Off-Broadway productions?
A1: four
Q2: What was the name of the a cappella musical that first opened 28 January 1994?
A2: Avenue X
Q3: What time period was Avenue X set in?
A3: the 1960s
Q4: What was the final number of performances in Avenue X's original run?
A4: 77
Q5: Who was responsible for the lyrics of Avenue X?
A5: Ray Leslee
A_cappella (Music)

A cappella is gaining popularity among South Asians with the emergence of primarily Hindi-English College groups. The first South Asian a cappella group was Penn Masala, founded in 1996 at the University of Pennsylvania. Co-ed South Asian a cappella groups are also gaining in popularity. The first co-ed south Asian a cappella was Anokha, from the University of Maryland, formed in 2001. Also, Dil se, another co-ed a cappella from UC Berkeley, hosts the "Anahat" competition at the University of California, Berkeley annually. Maize Mirchi, the co-ed a cappella group from the University of Michigan hosts "Sa Re Ga Ma Pella", an annual South Asian a cappella invitational with various groups from the Midwest.

Q1: Whas is the name of the ethnic a capella group founded at the University of Pennsylvania in 1996?
A1: Penn Masala
Q2: Among which group is a capella becoming more prominent?
A2: South Asians
Q3: What is the name of the first South Asian a capella group to accept both men and women?
A3: Anokha
Q4: What a capella competition is hosted at UC Berkeley?
A4: Anahat
Q5: What group hosts the a capella competition "Sa Re Ga Ma Pella"?
A5: Maize Mirchi
A_cappella (Music)

A cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.

Q1: What form of music was A cappella predominately used for in its early years?
A1: religious music
Q2: What was considered part of A cappella until the Baroque period?
A2: The madrigal
Q3: The madrigal became what type of form that prevented it from being accompanied with A cappella?
A3: instrumentally-accompanied
Q4: In what era was most of the vocal music considered A cappella?
A4: Renaissance
Cardinal_(Catholicism) (History)

A cardinal (Latin: sanctae romanae ecclesiae cardinalis, literally cardinal of the Holy Roman Church) is a senior ecclesiastical leader, an ecclesiastical prince, and usually (now always for those created when still within the voting age-range) an ordained bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. The cardinals of the Church are collectively known as the College of Cardinals. The duties of the cardinals include attending the meetings of the College and making themselves available individually or in groups to the Pope as requested. Most have additional duties, such as leading a diocese or archdiocese or managing a department of the Roman Curia. A cardinal's primary duty is electing the pope when the see becomes vacant. During the sede vacante (the period between a pope's death or resignation and the election of his successor), the day-to-day governance of the Holy See is in the hands of the College of Cardinals. The right to enter the conclave of cardinals where the pope is elected is limited to those who have not reached the age of 80 years by the day the vacancy occurs.

Q1: The entire group of cardinals is known as what?
A1: College of Cardinals
Cardinal_(Catholicism) (History)

A cardinal who is not a bishop is still entitled to wear and use the episcopal vestments and other pontificalia (episcopal regalia: mitre, crozier, zucchetto, pectoral cross and ring). Even if not a bishop, any cardinal has both actual and honorary precedence over non-cardinal patriarchs, as well as the archbishops and bishops who are not cardinals, but he cannot perform the functions reserved solely to bishops, such as ordination. The prominent priests who since 1962 were not ordained bishops on their elevation to the cardinalate were over the age of 80 or near to it, and so no cardinal who was not a bishop has participated in recent papal conclaves.

Q1: A cardinal who does not hold the title of "bishop" may not do what?
A1: perform the functions reserved solely to bishops, such as ordination
Q2: Cardinals who were not bishops have been promoted to Cardinal around the age of 80 since what year?
A2: 1962
Antarctica (Natural sciences)

A census of sea life carried out during the International Polar Year and which involved some 500 researchers was released in 2010. The research is part of the global Census of Marine Life (CoML) and has disclosed some remarkable findings. More than 235 marine organisms live in both polar regions, having bridged the gap of 12,000 km (7,456 mi). Large animals such as some cetaceans and birds make the round trip annually. More surprising are small forms of life such as mudworms, sea cucumbers and free-swimming snails found in both polar oceans. Various factors may aid in their distribution – fairly uniform temperatures of the deep ocean at the poles and the equator which differ by no more than 5 °C, and the major current systems or marine conveyor belt which transport eggs and larval stages.

Q1: Part of what study is the census of Antarctic marine life?
A1: Census of Marine Life
Q2: When was the census of sea life carried out in Antarctica?
A2: International Polar Year
Q3: How many sea animals live in Earth's polar regions?
A3: 235
Q4: Besides birds, what large animals travel from one pole to the other?
A4: cetaceans
Q5: What is the amount of difference in temperature  in the deep ocean?
A5: 5 °C
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses (Philosophy and religion)

A central teaching of Jehovah's Witnesses is that the current world era, or "system of things", entered the "last days" in 1914 and faces imminent destruction through intervention by God and Jesus Christ, leading to deliverance for those who worship God acceptably. They consider all other present-day religions to be false, identifying them with "Babylon the Great", or the "harlot", of Revelation 17, and believe that they will soon be destroyed by the United Nations, which they believe is represented in scripture by the scarlet-colored wild beast of Revelation chapter 17. This development will mark the beginning of the "great tribulation". Satan will subsequently attack Jehovah's Witnesses, an action that will prompt God to begin the war of Armageddon, during which all forms of government and all people not counted as Christ's "sheep", or true followers, will be destroyed. After Armageddon, God will extend his heavenly kingdom to include earth, which will be transformed into a paradise similar to the Garden of Eden. After Armageddon, most of those who had died before God's intervention will gradually be resurrected during "judgment day" lasting for one thousand years. This judgment will be based on their actions after resurrection rather than past deeds. At the end of the thousand years, Christ will hand all authority back to God. Then a final test will take place when Satan is released to mislead perfect mankind. Those who fail will be destroyed, along with Satan and his demons. The end result will be a fully tested, glorified human race.

Q1: One of Jehovah Witnesses' central teachings is that the world entered into its last days at what year?
A1: 1914
Q2: What do Jehovah Witnesses consider all other present day religions to be?
A2: false
Q3: Who do Jehovah Witnesses think is out to destroy them?
A3: the United Nations
Q4: Who needs to attack Jehovah Witnesses for God to begin the war of Armageddon?
A4: Satan
Q5: What will be the end result of God's kingdom?
A5: a fully tested, glorified human race
Nonprofit_organization (Social sciences and society)

A charity is a nonprofit organisation that meets stricter criteria regarding its purpose and the method in which it makes decisions and reports its finances. For example, a charity is generally not allowed to pay its Trustees. In England and Wales, charities may be registered with the Charity Commission. In Scotland, the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator serves the same function. Other organizations which are classified as nonprofit organizations elsewhere, such as trade unions, are subject to separate regulations, and are not regarded as "charities" in the technical sense.

Q1: What is the definition of a charity?
A1: nonprofit organisation that meets stricter criteria regarding its purpose and the method in which it makes decisions and reports its finances
Q2: Where are charity organizations registered in England and Wales?
A2: Charity Commission
Q3: Where would an NPO or charity organization register in Scotland?
A3: Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator
Q4: What is one of the contraints of an NPO with regards to assets?
A4: generally not allowed to pay its Trustees
Q5: Is a trade union governed by the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator?
A5: not regarded as "charities" in the technical sense
Elevator (History)

A climbing elevator is a self-ascending elevator with its own propulsion. The propulsion can be done by an electric or a combustion engine. Climbing elevators are used in guyed masts or towers, in order to make easy access to parts of these constructions, such as flight safety lamps for maintenance. An example would be the Moonlight towers in Austin, Texas, where the elevator holds only one person and equipment for maintenance. The Glasgow Tower — an observation tower in Glasgow, Scotland — also makes use of two climbing elevators.

Q1: What defines a climbing elevator?
A1: a self-ascending elevator with its own propulsion
Q2: What settings are climbing elevators used in?
A2: guyed masts or towers
Q3: What is the Glasgow Tower?
A3: an observation tower in Glasgow, Scotland
Q4: How is the propulsion powered in a climbing elevator?
A4: by an electric or a combustion engine
Steven_Spielberg (Media and drama)

A collector of film memorabilia, Spielberg purchased a balsa Rosebud sled from Citizen Kane (1941) in 1982. He bought Orson Welles's own directorial copy of the script for the radio broadcast The War of the Worlds (1938) in 1994. Spielberg has purchased Academy Award statuettes being sold on the open market and donated them to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, to prevent their further commercial exploitation. His donations include the Oscars that Bette Davis received for Dangerous (1935) and Jezebel (1938), and Clark Gable's Oscar for It Happened One Night (1934).

Q1: When was Citizen Kane released?
A1: 1941
Q2: When was 'The War of the Worlds' radio broadcast?
A2: 1938
Q3: When did Spielberg buy a sled from Citizen Kane?
A3: 1982
Q4: When did Spielberg buy Orson Welles' personal script copy from 'The War of the Worlds'?
A4: 1994
Q5: What does Spielberg do with Academy Awards he buys?
A5: donated them to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, to prevent their further commercial exploitation
Tucson,_Arizona (Geography and places)

A combination of urban and suburban development, the West Side is generally defined as the area west of I-10. Western Tucson encompasses the banks of the Santa Cruz River and the foothills of the Tucson Mountains, and includes the International Wildlife Museum, Sentinel Peak, and the Marriott Starr Pass Resort & Spa, located in the wealthy enclave known as Starr Pass. Moving past the Tucson Mountains, travelers find themselves in the area commonly referred to as "west of" Tucson or "Old West Tucson". A large undulating plain extending south into the Altar Valley, rural residential development predominates, but here you will also find major attractions including Saguaro National Park West, the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, and the Old Tucson Studios movie set/theme park.

Q1: What interstate is the West side west of? 
A1: I-10
Q2: What is the name of the movie set in Old West Tuscon?
A2: Old Tucson Studios
Q3: What is the name of the national park in Old West Tuscon?
A3: Saguaro National Park West
Q4: What is the museum in Old West Tuscon? 
A4: Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum
Q5: The Marriott Starr Pass Resort & Spa is located where?
A5: Starr Pass
Q6: What part of Tucson is considered the West Side?
A6: the area west of I-10
Q7: What museum is in Western Tucson?
A7: International Wildlife Museum
Q8: What resort is in Western Tucson?
A8: Marriott Starr Pass Resort & Spa
Q9: What neighborhood is the Marriott Starr Pass Resort & Spa in?
A9: Starr Pass
Q10: What theme park is in Old West Tucson?
A10: Old Tucson Studios
Namibia (Social sciences and society)

A combined UN civilian and peace-keeping force called UNTAG (United Nations Transition Assistance Group) under Finnish diplomat Martti Ahtisaari was deployed from April 1989 to March 1990 to monitor the peace process, elections and supervise military withdrawals. As UNTAG began to deploy peacekeepers, military observers, police, and political workers, hostilities were briefly renewed on the day the transition process was supposed to begin. After a new round of negotiations, a second date was set and the elections process began in earnest. After the return of SWAPO exiles (over 46,000 exiles), Namibia's first one-person one-vote elections for the constitutional assembly took place in November 1989. The official election slogan was "Free and Fair Elections". This was won by SWAPO although it did not gain the two-thirds majority it had hoped for; the South African-backed Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA) became the official opposition. The elections were peaceful and declared free and fair.

Q1: What does UNTAG stand for?
A1: United Nations Transition Assistance Group
Q2: Who was the diplomat for UNTAG?
A2: Martti Ahtisaari
Q3: What nationality was the diplomat in UNTAG?
A3: Finnish
Q4: When was the diplomat for UNTAG deployed to supervise withdrawals from Namibia?
A4: April 1989 to March 1990
Q5: What was the official election slogan in the first Namibia election?
A5: Free and Fair Elections
Han_dynasty (History)

A commandery consisted of a group of counties, and was headed by an Administrator. He was the top civil and military leader of the commandery and handled defense, lawsuits, seasonal instructions to farmers and recommendations of nominees for office sent annually to the capital in a quota system first established by Emperor Wu. The head of a large county of about 10,000 households was called a Prefect, while the heads of smaller counties were called Chiefs, and both could be referred to as Magistrates. A Magistrate maintained law and order in his county, registered the populace for taxation, mobilized commoners for annual corvée duties, repaired schools and supervised public works.

Q1: What individual was typically in charge of a commandery?
A1: an Administrator
Q2: Around how many households was a Prefect responsible for?
A2: 10,000
Q3: What individual was responsible for law and maintaining order in the county?
A3: A Magistrate
Q4: What Emperor initially created the quota system?
A4: Emperor Wu
Q5: Who was in charge of counties that had fewer than 10,000 people in them?
A5: Chiefs
Electric_motor (Engineering and technology)

A common application of a torque motor would be the supply- and take-up reel motors in a tape drive. In this application, driven from a low voltage, the characteristics of these motors allow a relatively constant light tension to be applied to the tape whether or not the capstan is feeding tape past the tape heads. Driven from a higher voltage, (and so delivering a higher torque), the torque motors can also achieve fast-forward and rewind operation without requiring any additional mechanics such as gears or clutches. In the computer gaming world, torque motors are used in force feedback steering wheels.

Q1: How are torque motors used in computer gaming?
A1: feedback steering wheels
Q2: A torque motor at low voltage provides what?
A2: constant light tension
Q3: A torque motor at high voltage provides what?
A3: higher torque
Q4: In a tape drive, what is not needed if a torque motor is used?
A4: gears or clutches