LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Napoleon (History)

On 1 April, Alexander addressed the Sénat conservateur. Long docile to Napoleon, under Talleyrand's prodding it had turned against him. Alexander told the Sénat that the Allies were fighting against Napoleon, not France, and they were prepared to offer honorable peace terms if Napoleon were removed from power. The next day, the Sénat passed the Acte de déchéance de l'Empereur ("Emperor's Demise Act"), which declared Napoleon deposed. Napoleon had advanced as far as Fontainebleau when he learned that Paris was lost. When Napoleon proposed the army march on the capital, his senior officers and marshals mutinied. On 4 April, led by Ney, they confronted Napoleon. Napoleon asserted the army would follow him, and Ney replied the army would follow its generals. While the ordinary soldiers and regimental officers wanted to fight on, without any senior officers or marshals any prospective invasion of Paris would have been impossible. Bowing to the inevitable, on 4 April Napoleon abdicated in favour of his son, with Marie-Louise as regent. However, the Allies refused to accept this under prodding from Alexander, who feared that Napoleon might find an excuse to retake the throne. Napoleon was then forced to announce his unconditional abdication only two days later.

Q1: On what date did Alexander speak to the Sénat conservateur?
A1: 1 April
Q2:  The Sénat conservateur became hostile to Napoleon due to whose efforts?
A2: Talleyrand's
Q3: What was the act passed by the Sénat conservateur that deposed Napoleon?
A3: the Acte de déchéance de l'Empereur
Q4: Where had Napoleon advanced to when he received word that Paris was lost?
A4: Fontainebleau
Q5: What did Napoleon's senior officers and marshals do when he suggested they march on Paris?
A5: mutinied
Napoleon (History)

On 1 August, the British fleet under Horatio Nelson captured or destroyed all but two French vessels in the Battle of the Nile, defeating Bonaparte's goal to strengthen the French position in the Mediterranean. His army had succeeded in a temporary increase of French power in Egypt, though it faced repeated uprisings. In early 1799, he moved an army into the Ottoman province of Damascus (Syria and Galilee). Bonaparte led these 13,000 French soldiers in the conquest of the coastal towns of Arish, Gaza, Jaffa, and Haifa. The attack on Jaffa was particularly brutal. Bonaparte discovered that many of the defenders were former prisoners of war, ostensibly on parole, so he ordered the garrison and 1,400 prisoners to be executed by bayonet or drowning to save bullets. Men, women, and children were robbed and murdered for three days.

Q1: In what battle did the British fleet seize or destroy most of the French vessels in Egypt?
A1: the Battle of the Nile
Q2: Who led the British during the Battle of the Nile?
A2: Horatio Nelson
Q3: In what year did Napoleon lead his army into Damascus?
A3: 1799
Q4: Approximately how many troops were in the army Napoleon led into Damascus?
A4: 13,000
Q5: During the battles in Damascus, the attack on which city was know for its brutality?
A5: Jaffa
Portugal (Geography and places)

On 1 February 1908, the king Dom Carlos I of Portugal and his heir apparent, Prince Royal Dom Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza, were murdered in Lisbon. Under his rule, Portugal had twice been declared bankrupt – on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902 – causing social turmoil, economic disturbances, protests, revolts and criticism of the monarchy. Manuel II of Portugal became the new king, but was eventually overthrown by the 5 October 1910 revolution, which abolished the regime and instated republicanism in Portugal. Political instability and economic weaknesses were fertile ground for chaos and unrest during the Portuguese First Republic. These conditions would lead to the failed Monarchy of the North, 28 May 1926 coup d'état, and the creation of the National Dictatorship (Ditadura Nacional).

Q1: On what day were King Dom Carlos I and and his heir, Prince Royal Dom Luis Filipe, Duke of Braganza, murdered?
A1: 1 February 1908
Q2: Under the rule of King Dom Carlos I, on what two days was Portugal declared bankrupt?
A2: on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902
Q3: Who succeeded King Dom Carlos I as king?
A3: Manuel II of Portugal
Q4: On what day was King Manuel II overthrown?
A4: 5 October 1910
Q5: During the Portuguese First Republic, what creating a fertile ground for chaos and unrest?
A5: Political instability and economic weaknesses
Josip_Broz_Tito (History)

On 1 January 1967, Yugoslavia was the first communist country to open its borders to all foreign visitors and abolish visa requirements. In the same year Tito became active in promoting a peaceful resolution of the Arab–Israeli conflict. His plan called for Arabs to recognize the state of Israel in exchange for territories Israel gained.

Q1: Who was the first communist country to open its borders to all foreign visitors?
A1: Yugoslavia
Q2: In what year did the first communist country open its borders to all foreign visitors?
A2: 1967
Q3: When did Tito start promoting a peaceful resolution to the Arab-Israeli conflict?
A3: 1967
Q4: Whose plan called for Arabs to recognize the state of Israel in exchange for territories Israel gained?
A4: Tito
Q5: In what year did Tito start working in Arab Israeli peace processes?
A5: 1967
BBC_Television (Media and drama)

On 1 July 1967, BBC Two became the first television channel in Europe to broadcast regularly in colour, using the West German PAL system that is still in use today although being gradually superseded by digital systems. (BBC One and ITV began 625-line colour broadcasts simultaneously on 15 November 1969). Unlike other terrestrial channels, BBC Two does not have soap opera or standard news programming, but a range of programmes intended to be eclectic and diverse (although if a programme has high audience ratings it is often eventually repositioned to BBC One). The different remit of BBC2 allowed its first controller, Sir David Attenborough to commission the first heavyweight documentaries and documentary series such as Civilisation, The Ascent of Man and Horizon.

Q1: What was the first station to show programs in color?
A1: BBC Two
Q2: When did the other two major British stations start color programming?
A2: 15 November 1969
Q3: What types of programs were not shown on BBC Two?
A3: soap opera or standard news programming
Q4: Who was the first controller of BBC2?
A4: Sir David Attenborough
Q5: What kinds of programs did Attenborough favor?
A5: documentaries
Korean_War (Warfare)

On 1 March 1951 Mao sent a cable to Stalin, in which he emphasized the difficulties faced by Chinese forces and the urgent need for air cover, especially over supply lines. Apparently impressed by the Chinese war effort, Stalin finally agreed to supply two air force divisions, three anti-aircraft divisions, and six thousand trucks. PVA troops in Korea continued to suffer severe logistical problems throughout the war. In late April Peng Dehuai sent his deputy, Hong Xuezhi, to brief Zhou Enlai in Beijing. What Chinese soldiers feared, Hong said, was not the enemy, but that they had nothing to eat, no bullets to shoot, and no trucks to transport them to the rear when they were wounded. Zhou attempted to respond to the PVA's logistical concerns by increasing Chinese production and improving methods of supply, but these efforts were never completely sufficient. At the same time, large-scale air defense training programs were carried out, and the Chinese Air Force began to participate in the war from September 1951 onward.

Q1: Why did Stalin send two air forces divisions and other assistance to the Chinese?
A1: the Chinese war effort
Q2: What issues plagued the PVA throughout the war?
A2: logistical problems
Q3: What was a great concern of many Chinese troops?
A3: they had nothing to eat
Q4: What was Zhou's ineffective response to the issue plaguing the PVA?
A4: increasing Chinese production and improving methods of supply
Q5: What did China introduce to the war in 1951?
A5: the Chinese Air Force
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) (History)

On 1 May, The Sun claimed to have 'sponsored' a British missile. Under the headline "Stick This Up Your Junta: A Sun missile for Galtieri’s gauchos", the newspaper published a photograph of a missile, (actually a Polaris missile stock shot from the Ministry of Defence) which had a large Sun logo printed on its side with the caption "Here It Comes, Senors..." underneath. The paper explained that it was 'sponsoring' the missile by contributing to the eventual victory party on HMS Invincible when the war ended. In copy written by Wendy Henry, the paper said that the missile would shortly be used against Argentinian forces. Despite this, it was not well received by the troops and copies of The Sun were soon burnt. Tony Snow, The Sun journalist on HMS Invincible who had 'signed' the missile, reported a few days later that it had hit an Argentinian target.

Q1: What did The Sun state that had it taken sponsorship of?
A1: a British missile
Q2: What did the wording on the side of The Sun missile state?
A2: "Here It Comes, Senors..."
Q3: Who did The Sun state that the missile would be used against?
A3: Argentinian forces
Q4: How did troops react to the missile?
A4: it was not well received
Q5: What was the name of The Sun journalist who reported on the missile?
A5: Tony Snow
Hyderabad (Geography and places)

On 1 November 1956 the states of India were reorganised by language. Hyderabad state was split into three parts, which were merged with neighbouring states to form the modern states of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The nine Telugu- and Urdu-speaking districts of Hyderabad State in the Telangana region were merged with the Telugu-speaking Andhra State to create Andhra Pradesh, with Hyderabad as its capital. Several protests, known collectively as the Telangana movement, attempted to invalidate the merger and demanded the creation of a new Telangana state. Major actions took place in 1969 and 1972, and a third began in 2010. The city suffered several explosions: one at Dilsukhnagar in 2002 claimed two lives; terrorist bombs in May and August 2007 caused communal tension and riots; and two bombs exploded in February 2013. On 30 July 2013 the government of India declared that part of Andhra Pradesh would be split off to form a new Telangana state, and that Hyderabad city would be the capital city and part of Telangana, while the city would also remain the capital of Andhra Pradesh for no more than ten years. On 3 October 2013 the Union Cabinet approved the proposal, and in February 2014 both houses of Parliament passed the Telangana Bill. With the final assent of the President of India in June 2014, Telangana state was formed.

Q1: On what date was Hyderabad state divided into three?
A1: 1 November 1956
Q2: Which three states was Hyderabad state divided into?
A2: Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh
Q3: Hyderabad city became the capital of what state in the mid 20th century?
A3: Andhra Pradesh
Q4: When was Telangana state announced?
A4: 30 July 2013
Q5: What date was the official formation of Telangana state?
A5: June 2014
Communications_in_Somalia (Engineering and technology)

On 1 November 2013, international postal services for Somalia officially resumed. The Universal Postal Union is now assisting the Somali Postal Service to develop its capacity, including providing technical assistance and basic mail processing equipment.

Q1: What year did postal service in Somalia resume?
A1: 2013
Q2: Who is helping the Somali Postal service reach its capacity?
A2: Universal Postal Union
Q3: What type of assistance does the postal union provide?
A3: technical
Q4: What type of equipment does the postal union provide?
A4: basic mail processing equipment
Franco-Prussian_War (History)

On 1 September 1870, the battle opened with the Army of Châlons, with 202 infantry battalions, 80 cavalry squadrons and 564 guns, attacking the surrounding Prussian Third and Meuse Armies totaling 222 infantry battalions, 186 cavalry squadrons and 774 guns. General De Wimpffen, the commander of the French V Corps in reserve, hoped to launch a combined infantry and cavalry attack against the Prussian XI Corps. But by 11:00, Prussian artillery took a toll on the French while more Prussian troops arrived on the battlefield. The French cavalry, commanded by General Marguerite, launched three desperate attacks on the nearby village of Floing where the Prussian XI Corps was concentrated. Marguerite was killed leading the very first charge and the two additional charges led to nothing but heavy losses. By the end of the day, with no hope of breaking out, Napoleon III called off the attacks. The French lost over 17,000 men, killed or wounded, with 21,000 captured. The Prussians reported their losses at 2,320 killed, 5,980 wounded and 700 captured or missing. By the next day, on 2 September, Napoleon III surrendered and was taken prisoner with 104,000 of his soldiers. It was an overwhelming victory for the Prussians, for they not only captured an entire French army, but the leader of France as well. The defeat of the French at Sedan had decided the war in Prussia's favour. One French army was now immobilised and besieged in the city of Metz, and no other forces stood on French ground to prevent a German invasion. Nevertheless, the war would continue.

Q1: On which date did the battle begin with the Army of Chalons attacking various Prussian divisions?
A1: 1 September 1870
Q2: Who commanded the French V Corps in reserve?
A2: General De Wimpffen
Q3: As the French were hard-hit by the Prussian artillery, what continued to show up to the battlefield?
A3: more Prussian troops
Q4: Which commander of the French calvary led three desperate attacks on Floing?
A4: General Marguerite
Q5: How many casualties did the French suffer?
A5: over 17,000 men
BBC_Television (Media and drama)

On 1 September 1939, two days before Britain declared war on Germany, the station was taken off air with little warning; the government was concerned that the VHF transmissions would act as a beacon to enemy aircraft homing in on London. Also, many of the television service's technical staff and engineers would be needed for the war effort, in particular on the radar programme. The last programme transmitted was a Mickey Mouse cartoon, Mickey's Gala Premier (1933), which was followed by test transmissions; this account refuted the popular memory according to which broadcasting was suspended before the end of the cartoon.

Q1: What did the British fear could provide guidance to the German air force?
A1: VHF transmissions
Q2: What part of the military did many people working for the BBC end up serving in?
A2: the radar programme
Q3: What was the final thing shown on the BBC before it was shut down for the war?
A3: Mickey's Gala Premier
Q4: When did most people mistakenly remember the last broadcast as having ended?
A4: before the end of the cartoon
Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact (History)

On 1 September, Germany invaded Poland from the west. Within the first few days of the invasion, Germany began conducting massacres of Polish and Jewish civilians and POWs. These executions took place in over 30 towns and villages in the first month of German occupation. The Luftwaffe also took part by strafing fleeing civilian refugees on roads and carrying out a bombing campaign. The Soviet Union assisted German air forces by allowing them to use signals broadcast by the Soviet radio station at Minsk allegedly "for urgent aeronautical experiments".

Q1: How did the Russians communicate to the Germans in regards to bombing civilians trying to flee cities?
A1: signals broadcast by the Soviet radio
Q2: What day did German invade Poland?
A2: 1 September
Q3: How long did the Germans massacre Polish and Jewish civilians? 
A3: month
Nanjing (Geography and places)

On 10 February 2010, the 122nd IOC session at Vancouver announced Nanjing as the host city for the 2nd Summer Youth Olympic Games. The slogan of the 2014 Youth Olympic Games was “Share the Games, Share our Dreams”. The Nanjing 2014 Youth Olympic Games featured all 28 sports on the Olympic programme and were held from 16 to 28 August. The Nanjing Youth Olympic Games Organising Committee (NYOGOC) worked together with the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to attract the best young athletes from around the world to compete at the highest level. Off the competition fields, an integrated culture and education programme focused on discussions about education, Olympic values, social challenges, and cultural diversity. The YOG aims to spread the Olympic spirit and encourage sports participation.

Q1: When was Nanjing announced as the host city for the 2nd Summer Youth Olympic Games?
A1: 10 February 2010
Q2: What was the theme for the 2014 Youth Olympic Games?
A2: “Share the Games, Share our Dreams”
Q3: How many types of sports were performed in the 2014 Youth Olympic Games?
A3: 28
Q4: What type of spirit does the Youth Olympic Games hope to spread?
A4: the Olympic spirit
Q5: When was the 2014 Youth Olympic Games?
A5: from 16 to 28 August
Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact (History)

On 10 January 1941, Germany and the Soviet Union signed an agreement settling several ongoing issues. Secret protocols in the new agreement modified the "Secret Additional Protocols" of the German–Soviet Boundary and Friendship Treaty, ceding the Lithuanian Strip to the Soviet Union in exchange for 7.5 million dollars (31.5 million Reichsmark). The agreement formally set the border between Germany and the Soviet Union between the Igorka river and the Baltic Sea. It also extended trade regulation of the 1940 German–Soviet Commercial Agreement until August 1, 1942, increased deliveries above the levels of year one of that agreement, settled trading rights in the Baltics and Bessarabia, calculated the compensation for German property interests in the Baltic States now occupied by the Soviets and other issues. It also covered the migration to Germany within two and a half months of ethnic Germans and German citizens in Soviet-held Baltic territories, and the migration to the Soviet Union of Baltic and "White Russian" "nationals" in German-held territories.

Q1: How much did the transfer of the Lithuanian Strip cost the Soviet Union?
A1: 7.5 million dollars (31.5 million Reichsmark)
Q2: How long did germans have to relocate from the baltic states after the amendment of secret protocols?
A2: two and a half months
Q3: How long did the Russians have to relocate from the german occupied regions?
A3: two and a half months
Q4: How long did the amendment extend the trade agreements?
A4: until August 1, 1942
Pope_John_XXIII (Philosophy and religion)

On 10 May 1963, John XXIII received the Balzan Prize in private at the Vatican but deflected achievements of himself to the five popes of his lifetime, Pope Leo XIII to Pius XII. On 11 May, the Italian President Antonio Segni officially awarded Pope John XXIII with the Balzan Prize for his engagement for peace. While in the car en route to the official ceremony, he suffered great stomach pains but insisted on meeting with Segni to receive the award in the Quirinal Palace, refusing to do so within the Vatican. He stated that it would have been an insult to honour a pontiff on the remains of the crucified Saint Peter. It was the pope's last public appearance.

Q1: John XXIII received what prize on 10 May 1963?
A1: Balzan Prize
Q2: When did John XXIII receive the Balzan Prize?
A2: 10 May 1963
Q3: Who officially awarded the pope the Balzan Prize?
A3: Italian President Antonio Segni
Q4: Where did he receive the Balzan Prize?
A4: the Quirinal Palace
Armenia (History)

On 10 October 2009, Armenia and Turkey signed protocols on normalisation of relationships, which set a timetable for restoring diplomatic ties and reopening their joint border. The ratification of those had to be made in the national parliaments. In Armenia it passed through the required by legislation approval of the Constitutional Court and was sent to the parliament for the final ratification. The President had made multiple public announcements, both in Armenia and abroad, that as the leader of the political majority of Armenia he assured the ratification of the protocols if Turkey also ratified them. Despite this, the process stopped, as Turkey continuously added more preconditions to its ratification and also "delayed it beyond any reasonable time-period".

Q1: When did Armenia and Turkey initiate an attempt to reopen their border?
A1: 10 October 2009
Q2: Who made it difficult to ratify the protocols to reopen the Armenian/Turkey border?
A2: Turkey
Q3: Who ratifies protocols in Armenia?
A3: national parliaments
Q4: How did Turkey thwart the ratification of these protocols?
A4: continuously added more preconditions to its ratification
Franco-Prussian_War (History)

On 10 October, hostilities began between German and French republican forces near Orléans. At first, the Germans were victorious but the French drew reinforcements and defeated the Germans at the Battle of Coulmiers on 9 November. After the surrender of Metz, more than 100,000 well-trained and experienced German troops joined the German 'Southern Army'. The French were forced to abandon Orléans on 4 December, and were finally defeated at the Battle of Le Mans (10–12 January). A second French army which operated north of Paris was turned back at the Battle of Amiens (27 November), the Battle of Bapaume (3 January 1871) and the Battle of St. Quentin (13 January).

Q1: On which date did hostilities between the German and French troops begin near Orleans?
A1: 10 October
Q2: Which side was initially successful at the Battle of Coulmiers?
A2: the Germans
Q3: On which date did the French triump over the Germans at the Battle of Coulmiers?
A3: 9 November
Q4: On which date were the French forced to abandon Orleans?
A4: 4 December
Q5: Of the three battles that occured north of Paris, which was the first that forced the French army to retreat?
A5: Battle of Amiens
Saint_Helena (Geography and places)

On 11 April 1898 American Joshua Slocum, on his famous and epic solo round the world voyage arrived at Jamestown. He departed on 20 April 1898 for the final leg of his circumnavigation having been extended hospitality from the governor, his Excellency Sir R A Standale, presented two lectures on his voyage and been invited to Longwood by the French Consular agent.

Q1: Who arrived in Jamestown during their solo round the world voyage?
A1: Joshua Slocum
Q2: When did Joshua Slocum arrive in Jamestown?
A2: 11 April 1898
Q3: When did Joshua Slocum depart from Jamestown to continue his trip?
A3: 20 April 1898
Q4: Who presented two lectures on their voyage?
A4: Sir R A Standale
Korean_War (Warfare)

On 11 April 1951, Commander-in-Chief Truman relieved the controversial General MacArthur, the Supreme Commander in Korea. There were several reasons for the dismissal. MacArthur had crossed the 38th parallel in the mistaken belief that the Chinese would not enter the war, leading to major allied losses. He believed that whether or not to use nuclear weapons should be his own decision, not the President's. MacArthur threatened to destroy China unless it surrendered. While MacArthur felt total victory was the only honorable outcome, Truman was more pessimistic about his chances once involved in a land war in Asia, and felt a truce and orderly withdrawal from Korea could be a valid solution. MacArthur was the subject of congressional hearings in May and June 1951, which determined that he had defied the orders of the President and thus had violated the U.S. Constitution. A popular criticism of MacArthur was that he never spent a night in Korea, and directed the war from the safety of Tokyo.

Q1: Who was relieved from his duties as Commander in Korea?
A1: General MacArthur
Q2: Who did not have faith in MacArthur's claim that victory was the only respectable outcome?
A2: Truman
Q3: What mistake did MacArthur make regarding the 38th parallel?
A3: the Chinese would not enter the war
Q4: What did Truman want to see happen in Korea?
A4: a truce and orderly withdrawal
Q5: Whose involvement in the war was found to be in violation of the Constitution?
A5: . MacArthur