LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Detroit (Geography and places)

Detroit remains one of the most racially segregated cities in the United States. From the 1940s to the 1970s a second wave of Blacks moved to Detroit to escape Jim Crow laws in the south and find jobs. However, they soon found themselves excluded from white areas of the city—through violence, laws, and economic discrimination (e.g., redlining). White residents attacked black homes: breaking windows, starting fires, and exploding bombs. The pattern of segregation was later magnified by white migration to the suburbs. One of the implications of racial segregation, which correlates with class segregation, may be overall worse health for some populations.

Q1: Why did Blacks move to Detroit in the middle if the 20th century?
A1: Jim Crow
Q2: What is an example of economic discrimination?
A2: redlining
Q3: What exacerbated segregation in Detroit?
A3: white migration to the suburbs
Q4: What generally declines in places that are segregated by race or class?
A4: health
House_music (Music)

Detroit techno is an offshoot of Chicago house music. It was developed starting in the late 80s, one of the earliest hits being "Big Fun" by Inner City. Detroit techno developed as the legendary disc jockey The Electrifying Mojo conducted his own radio program at this time, influencing the fusion of eclectic sounds into the signature Detroit techno sound. This sound, also influenced by European electronica (Kraftwerk, Art of Noise), Japanese synthpop (Yellow Magic Orchestra), early B-boy Hip-Hop (Man Parrish, Soul Sonic Force) and Italo disco (Doctor's Cat, Ris, Klein M.B.O.), was further pioneered by Juan Atkins, Derrick May, and Kevin Saunderson, the "godfathers" of Detroit Techno.[citation needed]

Q1: what was one of the earliest Detroit techno hits?
A1: "Big Fun" by Inner City
Q2: who started the Detroit techno development?
A2: The Electrifying Mojo
Q3: what was the nickname of juan atkins, derrick may, and devin saunderson?
A3: the "godfathers" of Detroit Techno
Q4: who were the early b-boy hip-hop artists that inspired detroit techno?
A4: Man Parrish, Soul Sonic Force
Q5: who were the european electronica artists that inspired detroit techno?
A5: Kraftwerk, Art of Noise
Detroit (Geography and places)

Detroit's courts are state-administered and elections are nonpartisan. The Probate Court for Wayne County is located in the Coleman A. Young Municipal Center in downtown Detroit. The Circuit Court is located across Gratiot Ave. in the Frank Murphy Hall of Justice, in downtown Detroit. The city is home to the Thirty-Sixth District Court, as well as the First District of the Michigan Court of Appeals and the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan. The city provides law enforcement through the Detroit Police Department and emergency services through the Detroit Fire Department.

Q1: Where is Wayne County's Probate Court located?
A1: Coleman A. Young Municipal Center
Q2: Where is the Circuit Court located?
A2: Frank Murphy Hall of Justice
Q3: Which District Court is Detroit home to?
A3: Thirty-Sixth
Detroit (Geography and places)

Detroit's protracted decline has resulted in severe urban decay and thousands of empty buildings around the city. Some parts of Detroit are so sparsely populated that the city has difficulty providing municipal services. The city has considered various solutions, such as demolishing abandoned homes and buildings; removing street lighting from large portions of the city; and encouraging the small population in certain areas to move to more populated locations. While some have estimated 20,000 stray dogs roam the city, studies have shown the true number to be around 1,000-3,000. Roughly half of the owners of Detroit's 305,000 properties failed to pay their 2011 tax bills, resulting in about $246 million in taxes and fees going uncollected, nearly half of which was due to Detroit; the rest of the money would have been earmarked for Wayne County, Detroit Public Schools, and the library system.

Q1: How many stray dogs do studies suggest are in Detroit?
A1: 1,000-3,000
Q2: How much in unpaid taxes did Detroit fail to collect in 2011?
A2: $246 million
Q3: What is the term for when a city falls into disrepair? 
A3: urban decay
Detroit (Geography and places)

Detroit, like many places in the United States, developed racial conflict and discrimination in the 20th century following rapid demographic changes as hundreds of thousands of new workers were attracted to the industrial city; in a short period it became the 4th-largest city in the nation. The Great Migration brought rural blacks from the South; they were outnumbered by southern whites who also migrated to the city. Immigration brought southern and eastern Europeans of Catholic and Jewish faith; these new groups competed with native-born whites for jobs and housing in the booming city. Detroit was one of the major Midwest cities that was a site for the dramatic urban revival of the Ku Klux Klan beginning in 1915. "By the 1920s the city had become a stronghold of the KKK," whose members opposed Catholic and Jewish immigrants, as well as black Americans. The Black Legion, a secret vigilante group, was active in the Detroit area in the 1930s, when one-third of its estimated 20,000 to 30,000 members in Michigan were based in the city. It was defeated after numerous prosecutions following the kidnapping and murder in 1936 of Charles Poole, a Catholic Works Progress Administration organizer. A total of 49 men of the Black Legion were convicted of numerous crimes, with many sentenced to life in prison for murder.

Q1: What was the name of a vigilante group in Detroit?
A1: The Black Legion
Q2: How many people of The Black Legion were convicted of crimes?
A2: 49
Q3: By which decade had the KKK become very active in Detroit?
A3: 1920s
Q4: What is the name of the movement of rural blacks in the early 20th century called?
A4: The Great Migration
Animal (Natural sciences)

Deuterostomes differ from protostomes in several ways. Animals from both groups possess a complete digestive tract. However, in protostomes, the first opening of the gut to appear in embryological development (the archenteron) develops into the mouth, with the anus forming secondarily. In deuterostomes the anus forms first, with the mouth developing secondarily. In most protostomes, cells simply fill in the interior of the gastrula to form the mesoderm, called schizocoelous development, but in deuterostomes, it forms through invagination of the endoderm, called enterocoelic pouching. Deuterostome embryos undergo radial cleavage during cell division, while protostomes undergo spiral cleavage.

Q1: What do deuterostomes and protostomes have in common?
A1: both groups possess a complete digestive tract
Q2: In which group does the anus form first, with the mouth developing secondarily?
A2: deuterostomes
Q3: What is the process in which cells fill in the interior of the gastrula to form the mesoderm called?
A3: schizocoelous development
Q4: What is the process in which the mesoderm is formed through invagination of the endoderm called?
A4: enterocoelic pouching
Q5: What do deuterostome embryos undergo during cell division?
A5: radial cleavage
USB (Engineering and technology)

Developed at roughly the same time as the USB 3.1 specification, but distinct from it, the USB Type-C Specification 1.0 was finalized in August 2014 and defines a new small reversible-plug connector for USB devices. The Type-C plug connects to both hosts and devices, replacing various Type-A and Type-B connectors and cables with a standard meant to be future-proof, similar to Apple Lightning and Thunderbolt. The 24-pin double-sided connector provides four power/ground pairs, two differential pairs for USB 2.0 data bus (though only one pair is implemented in a Type-C cable), four pairs for high-speed data bus, two "sideband use" pins, and two configuration pins for cable orientation detection, dedicated biphase mark code (BMC) configuration data channel, and VCONN +5 V power for active cables. Type-A and Type-B adaptors and cables are required for older devices to plug into Type-C hosts. Adapters and cables with a Type-C receptacle are not allowed.[citation needed]

Q1: When was the Type-C Specification 1.0 finalized?
A1: August 2014
Q2: What defined a new reversible-plug connector for USB devices?
A2: USB Type-C Specification 1.0
Q3: What does Type-C connect to?
A3: both hosts and devices
Q4: What connector provides four power/ground pairs?
A4: The 24-pin double-sided connector
Education (Philosophy and religion)

Developed countries have people with more resources (housing, food, transportation, water and sewage treatment, hospitals, health care, libraries, books, media, schools, the internet, education, etc.) than most of the world's population. One merely needs to see through travel or the media how many people in the undeveloped countries live to sense this. However, one can also use economic data to gain some insight into this. Yet criticism and blame are common among people in the developed countries.

Q1: What is the discrepancy between Developed and less developed countries?
A1: Developed countries have people with more resources
Q2: What resources do developed countries have better access to?
A2: housing, food, transportation
Q3: What is common in developed countries?
A3: criticism and blame
IBM (History)

DeveloperWorks is a website run by IBM for software developers and IT professionals. It contains how-to articles and tutorials, as well as software downloads and code samples, discussion forums, podcasts, blogs, wikis, and other resources for developers and technical professionals. Subjects range from open, industry-standard technologies like Java, Linux, SOA and web services, web development, Ajax, PHP, and XML to IBM's products (WebSphere, Rational, Lotus, Tivoli and Information Management). In 2007, developerWorks was inducted into the Jolt Hall of Fame.

Q1: IBM runs what website for software developers?
A1: DeveloperWorks
Q2: In 2007 what happened to developerWorks?
A2: was inducted into the Jolt Hall of Fame
Q3: DeveloperWorks has content about open industry standard technologies like Java and SOA, what is one other industry standard technology it has resources for?
A3: Linux
Q4: IBM products such as WebSphere and Rational are covered on DeveloperWorks, what other three IBM products are covered?
A4: Lotus, Tivoli and Information Management
Q5: The Jolt Hall of Fame inducted DeveloperWorks in what year?
A5: 2007
PlayStation_3 (Video games)

Developers also found the machine difficult to program for. In 2007, Gabe Newell of Valve said "The PS3 is a total disaster on so many levels, I think it's really clear that Sony lost track of what customers and what developers wanted". He continued "I'd say, even at this late date, they should just cancel it and do a do over. Just say, 'This was a horrible disaster and we're sorry and we're going to stop selling this and stop trying to convince people to develop for it'". Doug Lombardi VP of Marketing for Valve has since stated that they are interested in developing for the console and are looking to hire talented PS3 programmers for future projects. He later restated Valve's position, "Until we have the ability to get a PS3 team together, until we find the people who want to come to Valve or who are at Valve who want to work on that, I don't really see us moving to that platform". At Sony's E3 2010 press conference, Newell made a live appearance to recant his previous statements, citing Sony's move to make the system more developer friendly, and to announce that Valve would be developing Portal 2 for the system. He also claimed that the inclusion of Steamworks (Valve's system to automatically update their software independently) would help to make the PS3 version of Portal 2 the best console version on the market.

Q1: In what year did Gabe Newell call the PS3 "a total disaster"?
A1: 2007
Q2: Who is Valve's VP of Marketing who says they want to hire programmers for a PS3 team?
A2: Doug Lombardi
Q3: What year did Newell show up at Sony's EC3 press conference to take back what he said about PS3?
A3: 2010
Q4: What game did Valve develop for the PlayStation 3 console?
A4: Portal 2
Q5: What's the name of Valve's software update system?
A5: Steamworks
Software_testing (Engineering and technology)

Development Testing is a software development process that involves synchronized application of a broad spectrum of defect prevention and detection strategies in order to reduce software development risks, time, and costs. It is performed by the software developer or engineer during the construction phase of the software development lifecycle. Rather than replace traditional QA focuses, it augments it. Development Testing aims to eliminate construction errors before code is promoted to QA; this strategy is intended to increase the quality of the resulting software as well as the efficiency of the overall development and QA process.

Q1: What method is used that involves synchronization of a application?
A1: Development Testing
Q2: When is development testing used?
A2: construction phase of the software development lifecycle
Q3: What does Development testing look to eliminate?
A3: construction errors
Solar_energy (Natural sciences)

Development of a solar-powered car has been an engineering goal since the 1980s. The World Solar Challenge is a biannual solar-powered car race, where teams from universities and enterprises compete over 3,021 kilometres (1,877 mi) across central Australia from Darwin to Adelaide. In 1987, when it was founded, the winner's average speed was 67 kilometres per hour (42 mph) and by 2007 the winner's average speed had improved to 90.87 kilometres per hour (56.46 mph). The North American Solar Challenge and the planned South African Solar Challenge are comparable competitions that reflect an international interest in the engineering and development of solar powered vehicles.

Q1: What is the name of the solar powered car race held every two years?
A1: The World Solar Challenge
Q2: What was the winner of the World Solar Challenge's average speed in 2007 in km/h?
A2: 90.87
Q3: What is The World Solar Challenge?
A3: a biannual solar-powered car race
Q4: When was The World Solar Challenge started?
A4: 1987
Q5: What was the average speed of a winning solar powered car in 1987?
A5: 67 kilometres per hour (42 mph)
Q6: What was the average speed of a winning solar powered car by 2007?
A6: 90.87 kilometres per hour (56.46 mph)
Q7: What are some other similar car races that use solar powered vehicles?
A7: The North American Solar Challenge and the planned South African Solar Challenge
Printed_circuit_board (Engineering and technology)

Development of the methods used in modern printed circuit boards started early in the 20th century. In 1903, a German inventor, Albert Hanson, described flat foil conductors laminated to an insulating board, in multiple layers. Thomas Edison experimented with chemical methods of plating conductors onto linen paper in 1904. Arthur Berry in 1913 patented a print-and-etch method in Britain, and in the United States Max Schoop obtained a patent to flame-spray metal onto a board through a patterned mask. Charles Ducas in 1927 patented a method of electroplating circuit patterns.

Q1: Who was the German inventor who wrote in 1903 about conductors being laminated in layers to a board?
A1: Albert Hanson
Q2: What material did Thomas Edison experiment with by trying to chemically attach conductors to it?
A2: linen paper
Q3: What year did Arthur Berry patent his print-and-etch method?
A3: 1913
Q4: In Max Schoop's method, what was used to create the flame-sprayed pattern on the board?
A4: a patterned mask
Q5: Who obtained a patent in 1927 for his method of electroplating circuit patterns?
A5: Charles Ducas
Hellenistic_period (History)

Developments in painting included experiments in chiaroscuro by Zeuxis and the development of landscape painting and still life painting. Greek temples built during the Hellenistic period were generally larger than classical ones, such as the temple of Artemis at Ephesus, the temple of Artemis at Sardis, and the temple of Apollo at Didyma (rebuilt by Seleucus in 300 BCE). The royal palace (basileion) also came into its own during the Hellenistic period, the first extant example being the massive fourth-century villa of Cassander at Vergina.

Q1: Which Greek painter experimented in chiaroscuro?
A1: Zeuxis
Q2: Were Greek temples built in the Hellenistic period larger or smaller than classical temples?
A2: larger
Q3: Who rebuilt the Apollo at Didyma in 300 BCE?
A3: Seleucus
Q4: What is a Greek royal palace called?
A4: basileion
Q5: What is the first example of Hellenistic period royal palace?
A5: villa of Cassander at Vergina
Computer (Engineering and technology)

Devices have been used to aid computation for thousands of years, mostly using one-to-one correspondence with fingers. The earliest counting device was probably a form of tally stick. Later record keeping aids throughout the Fertile Crescent included calculi (clay spheres, cones, etc.) which represented counts of items, probably livestock or grains, sealed in hollow unbaked clay containers. The use of counting rods is one example.

Q1: The earliest device to help count was what?
A1: a form of tally stick
Q2: Calculi during the Fertile Crescent refers to what?
A2: (clay spheres, cones, etc.)
Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives (History)

Devise Minority Party Strategies. The minority leader, in consultation with other party colleagues, has a range of strategic options that he or she can employ to advance minority party objectives. The options selected depend on a wide range of circumstances, such as the visibility or significance of the issue and the degree of cohesion within the majority party. For instance, a majority party riven by internal dissension, as occurred during the early 1900s when Progressive and "regular" Republicans were at loggerheads, may provide the minority leader with greater opportunities to achieve his or her priorities than if the majority party exhibited high degrees of party cohesion. Among the variable strategies available to the minority party, which can vary from bill to bill and be used in combination or at different stages of the lawmaking process, are the following:

Q1: Does minority leader act solely to advance party objectives?
A1: in consultation with other party colleagues
Q2: Does minority leader always employ same strategy for party objectives?
A2: options selected depend on a wide range of circumstances
Q3: Does dissension and cohesion of majority party factor into minority strategy?
A3: may provide the minority leader with greater opportunities to achieve his or her priorities than if the majority party exhibited high degrees of party cohesion
Plymouth (History)

Devonport Dockyard is the UK's only naval base that refits nuclear submarines and the Navy estimates that the Dockyard generates about 10% of Plymouth's income. Plymouth has the largest cluster of marine and maritime businesses in the south west with 270 firms operating within the sector. Other substantial employers include the university with almost 3,000 staff, as well as the Tamar Science Park employing 500 people in 50 companies. Several employers have chosen to locate their headquarters in Plymouth, including Hemsley Fraser.

Q1: About what percentage of Plymouth's income comes from the Dockyard?
A1: 10%
Q2: What Royal Navy base is present in Plymouth?
A2: Devonport Dockyard
Q3: How many maritime businesses operate in Plymouth?
A3: 270
Q4: How many people work in Tamar Science Park?
A4: 500
Q5: What is a notable company based in Plymouth?
A5: Hemsley Fraser
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

Devotion is an important part of the practice of most Buddhists. Devotional practices include bowing, offerings, pilgrimage, and chanting. In Pure Land Buddhism, devotion to the Buddha Amitabha is the main practice. In Nichiren Buddhism, devotion to the Lotus Sutra is the main practice.

Q1: Devotion is an important part of the practice of most what?
A1: Buddhists
Q2: What are the devotional practices?
A2: bowing, offerings, pilgrimage, and chanting
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) (Philosophy and religion)

Devotions to artistic depictions of Mary vary among Christian traditions. There is a long tradition of Roman Catholic Marian art and no image permeates Catholic art as does the image of Madonna and Child. The icon of the Virgin Theotokos with Christ is without doubt the most venerated icon in the Orthodox Church. Both Roman Catholic and Orthodox Christians venerate images and icons of Mary, given that the Second Council of Nicaea in 787 permitted their veneration with the understanding that those who venerate the image are venerating the reality of the person it represents, and the 842 Synod of Constantinople confirming the same. According to Orthodox piety and traditional practice, however, believers ought to pray before and venerate only flat, two-dimensional icons, and not three-dimensional statues.

Q1: In which year was the Second Council of Nicea?
A1: 787
Q2: In which year did the Synod of Constantinople confirm the veneration of images of Mary?
A2: 842
Q3: Which icon is most venerated in the Orthodox Church?
A3: icon of the Virgin Theotokos
Q4: What is the name given to artistic depictions of Mary?
A4: Marian art
Q5: In the Orthodox church, what types of icons are allowed to be venerated and prayed before?
A5: flat, two-dimensional icons
Tuberculosis (Natural sciences)

Diagnosing active tuberculosis based only on signs and symptoms is difficult, as is diagnosing the disease in those who are immunosuppressed. A diagnosis of TB should, however, be considered in those with signs of lung disease or constitutional symptoms lasting longer than two weeks. A chest X-ray and multiple sputum cultures for acid-fast bacilli are typically part of the initial evaluation. Interferon-γ release assays and tuberculin skin tests are of little use in the developing world. IGRA have similar limitations in those with HIV.

Q1: Is active TB difficult or easy to diagnose by patients' symptoms alone?
A1: difficult
Q2: If a patient has some symptoms associated with TB, after what time period should tuberculosis be diagnostically considered?
A2: two weeks
Q3: What part of the body would be X-rayed to check for TB?
A3: chest
Q4: What sign of TB infection would a lab be looking for in a sputum culture?
A4: acid-fast bacilli
Q5: Along with interferon-y release essays, what other tests aren't useful in TB diagnosis in developing countries?
A5: tuberculin skin tests
Infection (Natural sciences)

Diagnosis of infectious disease is nearly always initiated by medical history and physical examination. More detailed identification techniques involve the culture of infectious agents isolated from a patient. Culture allows identification of infectious organisms by examining their microscopic features, by detecting the presence of substances produced by pathogens, and by directly identifying an organism by its genotype. Other techniques (such as X-rays, CAT scans, PET scans or NMR) are used to produce images of internal abnormalities resulting from the growth of an infectious agent. The images are useful in detection of, for example, a bone abscess or a spongiform encephalopathy produced by a prion.

Q1: How is diagnosis of infectious disease almost always initiated?
A1: by medical history and physical examination
Q2: What does taking a culture of an infectious agent isolated from a patient allow?
A2: detailed identification
Q3: What features of an infectious organism does a culture allow examining?
A3: microscopic features
Q4: What can organisms be directly identified by?
A4: its genotype
Q5: What technique can be used to produce images of internal abnormalities?
A5: X-rays, CAT scans, PET scans or NMR