LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Czech_language (Language and literature)

The Czechs' language separated from other Slavic tongues into what would later be called Old Czech by the thirteenth century, a classification extending through the sixteenth century. Its use of cases differed from the modern language; although Old Czech did not yet have a vocative case or an animacy distinction, declension for its six cases and three genders rapidly became complicated (partially to differentiate homophones) and its declension patterns resembled those of Lithuanian (its Balto-Slavic cousin).

Q1: By the thirteenth century, what had the Czech language separated from?
A1: other Slavic tongues
Q2: How long was the precursor to Czech classified as Old Czech?
A2: through the sixteenth century
Q3: How did Old Czech's use of cases differ from modern usage?
A3: did not yet have a vocative case or an animacy distinction
Q4: How many cases did Old Czech have?
A4: six
Q5: What other language did Old Czech's declension patterns resemble?
A5: Lithuanian
Dwight_D._Eisenhower (History)

The D-Day Normandy landings on June 6, 1944, were costly but successful. A month later, the invasion of Southern France took place, and control of forces in the southern invasion passed from the AFHQ to the SHAEF. Many prematurely considered that victory in Europe would come by summer's end—however the Germans did not capitulate for almost a year. From then until the end of the war in Europe on May 8, 1945, Eisenhower, through SHAEF, commanded all Allied forces, and through his command of ETOUSA had administrative command of all U.S. forces on the Western Front north of the Alps. He was ever mindful of the inevitable loss of life and suffering that would be experienced on an individual level by the troops under his command and their families. This prompted him to make a point of visiting every division involved in the invasion. Eisenhower's sense of responsibility was underscored by his draft of a statement to be issued if the invasion failed. It has been called one of the great speeches of history:

Q1: When did the Normandy invasion occur?
A1: June 6, 1944
Q2: How long after the Normandy invasion did the landings in Southern France occur?
A2: month
Q3: When did the war in Europe end?
A3: May 8, 1945
Q4: How many divisions involved in the Allied invasion of Europe did Eisenhower visit?
A4: every
Q5: After what possible event would the speech called one of the greatest in history have been delivered?
A5: if the invasion failed
Film_speed (Engineering and technology)

The DIN system, officially DIN standard 4512 by Deutsches Institut für Normung (but still named Deutscher Normenausschuß (DNA) at this time), was published in January 1934. It grew out of drafts for a standardized method of sensitometry put forward by Deutscher Normenausschuß für Phototechnik as proposed by the committee for sensitometry of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für photographische Forschung since 1930 and presented by Robert Luther (de) (1868–1945) and Emanuel Goldberg (1881–1970) at the influential VIII. International Congress of Photography (German: Internationaler Kongreß für wissenschaftliche und angewandte Photographie) held in Dresden from August 3 to 8, 1931.

Q1: When was the DIN system established? 
A1: January 1934
Q2: Who created the DIN system?
A2: Deutsches Institut für Normung
Q3: What was proposed at the VIII International Congress of Photography?
A3: a standardized method of sensitometry
Q4: Who presented the idea that grew into the DIN?
A4: Robert Luther (de) (1868–1945) and Emanuel Goldberg (1881–1970)
Q5: Where was the VIII International Congress of Photography held?
A5: Dresden
Northwestern_University (History)

The Daily Northwestern is the main student newspaper. Established in 1881, and published on weekdays during the academic year, it is directed entirely by undergraduates. Although it serves the Northwestern community, the Daily has no business ties to the university, being supported wholly by advertisers. It is owned by the Students Publishing Company. North by Northwestern is an online undergraduate magazine, having been established in September 2006 by students at the Medill School of Journalism. Published on weekdays, it consists of updates on news stories and special events inserted throughout the day and on weekends. North by Northwestern also publishes a quarterly print magazine. Syllabus is the undergraduate yearbook. First published in 1885, the yearbook is an epitome of that year's events at Northwestern. Published by Students Publishing Company and edited by Northwestern students, it is distributed in late May. Northwestern Flipside is an undergraduate satirical magazine. Founded in 2009, The Flipside publishes a weekly issue both in print and online. Helicon is the university's undergraduate literary magazine. Started in 1979, it is published twice a year, a web issue in the Winter, and a print issue with a web complement in the Spring. The Protest is Northwestern's quarterly social justice magazine. The Northwestern division of Student Multicultural Affairs also supports publications such as NUAsian, a magazine and blog about Asian and Asian-American culture and the issues facing Asians and Asian-Americans, Ahora, a magazine about Hispanic and Latino/a culture and campus life, BlackBoard Magazine about African-American life, and Al Bayan published by the Northwestern Muslim-cultural Student Association.

Q1: What is the name of Northwestern's main student newspaper?
A1: The Daily Northwestern
Q2: Who is The Daily Northwestern entirely directed by?
A2: undergraduates
Q3: Who owns The Daily Northwestern?
A3: the Students Publishing Company
Q4: What is the name of Northwestern's undergraduate yearbook?
A4: Syllabus
Q5: What undergraduate satirical magazine was founded in 2009?
A5: Northwestern Flipside
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) (History)

The Daily Star had been launched in 1978 by Express Newspaper, and by 1981 had begun to affect sales of The Sun. Bingo was introduced as a marketing tool and a 2p drop in cover price removed the Daily Star's competitive advantage opening a new circulation battle which resulted in The Sun neutralising the threat of the new paper. The new editor of The Sun, Kelvin MacKenzie, took up his post in 1981 just after these developments, and "changed the British tabloid concept more profoundly than [Larry] Lamb did", according to Bruce Page, MacKenzie The paper became "more outrageous, opinionated and irreverent than anything ever produced in Britain".

Q1: What newspaper was founded by Express Newspaper?
A1: The Daily Star
Q2: By what year had The Daily Star started impacting The Sun's sales?
A2: 1981
Q3: What helped the Sun overcome the Daily Star's challenge?
A3: Bingo was introduced as a marketing tool and a 2p drop in cover price
Q4: Who became editor of the Sun in 1981?
A4: Kelvin MacKenzie
Q5: What impact was Mackenzie said to have?
A5: changed the British tabloid concept more profoundly than [Larry] Lamb did"
Cardinal_(Catholicism) (History)

The Dean of the College of Cardinals in addition to such a titular church also receives the titular bishopric of Ostia, the primary suburbicarian see. Cardinals governing a particular Church retain that church.

Q1: Who receives the hishopric of Ostia?
A1: The Dean of the College of Cardinals
Q2: What other title does the Dean of Collge of Cardinals receive upon appointment?
A2: titular bishopric of Ostia
Cardinal_(Catholicism) (History)

The Dean of the College of Cardinals, or Cardinal-dean, is the primus inter pares of the College of Cardinals, elected by the cardinal bishops holding suburbicarian sees from among their own number, an election, however, that must be approved by the Pope. Formerly the position of dean belonged by right to the longest-serving of the cardinal bishops.

Q1: In the College of Cardinals, the elected Dean needs the approval of who?
A1: the Pope
Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) (Warfare)

The Defence Committee—Third Report "Defence Equipment 2009" cites an article from the Financial Times website stating that the Chief of Defence Materiel, General Sir Kevin O’Donoghue, had instructed staff within Defence Equipment and Support (DE&S) through an internal memorandum to reprioritize the approvals process to focus on supporting current operations over the next three years; deterrence related programmes; those that reflect defence obligations both contractual or international; and those where production contracts are already signed. The report also cites concerns over potential cuts in the defence science and technology research budget; implications of inappropriate estimation of Defence Inflation within budgetary processes; underfunding in the Equipment Programme; and a general concern over striking the appropriate balance over a short-term focus (Current Operations) and long-term consequences of failure to invest in the delivery of future UK defence capabilities on future combatants and campaigns. The then Secretary of State for Defence, Bob Ainsworth MP, reinforced this reprioritisation of focus on current operations and had not ruled out "major shifts" in defence spending. In the same article the First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff, Admiral Sir Mark Stanhope, Royal Navy, acknowledged that there was not enough money within the defence budget and it is preparing itself for tough decisions and the potential for cutbacks. According to figures published by the London Evening Standard the defence budget for 2009 is "more than 10% overspent" (figures cannot be verified) and the paper states that this had caused Gordon Brown to say that the defence spending must be cut. The MoD has been investing in IT to cut costs and improve services for its personnel.

Q1: Who was the Chief of Defence Materiel in 2009?
A1: General Sir Kevin O’Donoghue
Q2: Which department is overseen by the Chief of Defence Materiel?
A2: Defence Equipment and Support (DE&S)
Q3: Which programme was mentioned as being underfunded?
A3: Equipment Programme
Q4: Who was the Secretary of State for Defence in 2009?
A4: Bob Ainsworth MP
Q5: Which publication said the 2009 defence budget was more than 10% overbudget?
A5: London Evening Standard
New_Delhi (Geography and places)

The Delhi Flying Club, established in 1928 with two de Havilland Moth aircraft named Delhi and Roshanara, was based at Safdarjung Airport which started operations in 1929, when it was the Delhi's only airport and the second in India. The airport functioned until 2001, however in January 2002 the government closed the airport for flying activities because of security concerns following the New York attacks in September 2001. Since then, the club only carries out aircraft maintenance courses, and is used for helicopter rides to Indira Gandhi International Airport for VIP including the president and the prime minister.

Q1: The Delhi Flying Club was established in what year?
A1: 1928
Q2: When established in 1928, which airport served as the base of the Delhi Flying Club?
A2: Safdarjung Airport
Q3: In what year did the government close Safdarjung Airport due to security concerns?
A3: 2002
Q4: In what year did the Delhi Flying club begin operations?
A4: 1929
Q5: What type of aircraft was first used by the Delhi Flying Club after its founding?
A5: de Havilland Moth aircraft
New_Delhi (Geography and places)

The Delhi Metro is a rapid transit system serving New Delhi, Delhi, Gurgaon, Faridabad, Noida, and Ghaziabad in the National Capital Region of India. Delhi Metro is the world's 12th largest metro system in terms of length. Delhi Metro was India's first modern public transportation system, which had revolutionised travel by providing a fast, reliable, safe, and comfortable means of transport. The network consists of six lines with a total length of 189.63 kilometres (117.83 miles) with 142 stations, of which 35 are underground, five are at-grade, and the remainder are elevated. All stations have escalators, elevators, and tactile tiles to guide the visually impaired from station entrances to trains. It has a combination of elevated, at-grade, and underground lines, and uses both broad gauge and standard gauge rolling stock. Four types of rolling stock are used: Mitsubishi-ROTEM Broad gauge, Bombardier MOVIA, Mitsubishi-ROTEM Standard gauge, and CAF Beasain Standard gauge.

Q1: What is the name of the world's 12 largest metro system by length?
A1: The Delhi Metro
Q2: What is the total length of the Delhi Metro?
A2: 189.63 kilometres
Q3: How many stations are there on the Delhi Metro?
A3: 142
Q4: How many of the Delhi Metro's stations are located underground?
A4: 35
Q5: How many of the New Delhi Metro's stations are located at ground level?
A5: five
Korean_War (Warfare)

The Demilitarized Zone runs northeast of the 38th parallel; to the south, it travels west. The old Korean capital city of Kaesong, site of the armistice negotiations, originally was in pre-war South Korea, but now is part of North Korea. The United Nations Command, supported by the United States, the North Korean People's Army, and the Chinese People's Volunteers, signed the Armistice Agreement on 27 July 1953 to end the fighting. The Armistice also called upon the governments of South Korea, North Korea, China and the United States to participate in continued peace talks. The war is considered to have ended at this point, even though there was no peace treaty. North Korea nevertheless claims that it won the Korean War.

Q1: Where is the capital city of Kaesong now located?
A1: North Korea
Q2: What area is directly north and south of the 38th parallel?
A2: The Demilitarized Zone
Q3: When was the Armistice Agreement signed?
A3: 27 July 1953
Q4: Was there ever an official peace treaty after the war?
A4: there was no peace treaty
Q5: Who believes that they were victorious in the war?
A5: North Korea
New_York_City (Geography and places)

The Democratic Party holds the majority of public offices. As of November 2008, 67% of registered voters in the city are Democrats. New York City has not been carried by a Republican in a statewide or presidential election since President Calvin Coolidge won the five boroughs in 1924. In 2012, Democrat Barack Obama became the first presidential candidate of any party to receive more than 80% of the overall vote in New York City, sweeping all five boroughs. Party platforms center on affordable housing, education, and economic development, and labor politics are of importance in the city.

Q1: Which political party holds the majority of most office terms in NYC?
A1: Democrats
Q2: In 2008, what percentage of voters were democrats?
A2: 67
Q3: Which US president became the first to receive over 80 percent of NYC votes?
A3: Barack Obama
Q4: What was the last year that a republican candidate won all four boroughs of NYC?
A4: 1924
Q5: Which president won all of NYC in 1924?
A5: Calvin Coolidge
Q6: What party are most public officials of New York members of?
A6: Democratic Party
Q7: In November 2008, how many New Yorkers were registered as Democrats?
A7: 67%
Q8: In what year was the last presidential election when a Republican won New York City?
A8: 1924
Q9: How many boroughs did Barack Obama win in the 2012 presidential election?
A9: five
Q10: What political party was Calvin Coolidge a member of?
A10: Republican
Dwight_D._Eisenhower (History)

The Democrats gained a majority in both houses in the 1954 election. Eisenhower had to work with the Democratic Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson (later U.S. president) in the Senate and Speaker Sam Rayburn in the House, both from Texas. Joe Martin, the Republican Speaker from 1947 to 1949 and again from 1953 to 1955, wrote that Eisenhower "never surrounded himself with assistants who could solve political problems with professional skill. There were exceptions, Leonard W. Hall, for example, who as chairman of the Republican National Committee tried to open the administration's eyes to the political facts of life, with occasional success. However, these exceptions were not enough to right the balance."

Q1: Who won a Senate majority in 1954?
A1: Democrats
Q2: After the 1954 election, who was the Speaker of the House?
A2: Sam Rayburn
Q3: Who was made Senate Majority Leader after the 1954 election?
A3: Lyndon B. Johnson
Q4: What state were Johnson and Rayburn from?
A4: Texas
Q5: Who was Speaker of the House between 1953 and 1955?
A5: Joe Martin
United_States_Air_Force (Warfare)

The Department of the Air Force is one of three military departments within the Department of Defense, and is managed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force, under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of Defense. The senior officials in the Office of the Secretary are the Under Secretary of the Air Force, four Assistant Secretaries of the Air Force and the General Counsel, all of whom are appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. The senior uniformed leadership in the Air Staff is made up of the Chief of Staff of the Air Force and the Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force.

Q1: Who is the Department of the Air Force managed by?
A1: Secretary of the Air Force
Q2: Who does the Secretary of the Air Force report to?
A2: Secretary of Defense
Q3: Who appoints the top positions in the USAF, including the Assistant Secretaries and General Council?
A3: President
Q4: Upon whom does the President call on for support in his appointments to the USAF?
A4: Senate
Q5: Who does the senior leadership roles in the USAF include? 
A5: Chief of Staff of the Air Force and the Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force
Montana (Geography and places)

The Desert Land Act of 1877 was passed to allow settlement of arid lands in the west and allotted 640 acres (2.6 km2) to settlers for a fee of $.25 per acre and a promise to irrigate the land. After three years, a fee of one dollar per acre would be paid and the land would be owned by the settler. This act brought mostly cattle and sheep ranchers into Montana, many of whom grazed their herds on the Montana prairie for three years, did little to irrigate the land and then abandoned it without paying the final fees. Some farmers came with the arrival of the Great Northern and Northern Pacific Railroads throughout the 1880s and 1890s, though in relatively small numbers.

Q1: When was the Desert Land Act passed?
A1: 1877
Q2: How much land did the Desert Land Act allot?
A2: 640 acres
Q3: How much was the charge per acre at first?
A3: $.25
Rajasthan (Geography and places)

The Desert National Park in Jaisalmer is spread over an area of 3,162 square kilometres (1,221 sq mi), is an excellent example of the ecosystem of the Thar Desert and its diverse fauna. Seashells and massive fossilised tree trunks in this park record the geological history of the desert. The region is a haven for migratory and resident birds of the desert. One can see many eagles, harriers, falcons, buzzards, kestrels and vultures. Short-toed eagles (Circaetus gallicus), tawny eagles (Aquila rapax), spotted eagles (Aquila clanga), laggar falcons (Falco jugger) and kestrels are the commonest of these.

Q1: Which region contains Desert National Park?
A1: Jaisalmer
Q2: How many square miles is Desert National Park?
A2: 1,221 sq mi
Q3: What types of large fossils are found in Desert National Park?
A3: massive fossilised tree trunks
Q4: What are the most common types of eagles one might see in the Jaisalmer region?
A4: Short-toed eagles (Circaetus gallicus), tawny eagles (Aquila rapax), spotted eagles (Aquila clanga)
Q5: What is another name for a laggar falcon?
A5: Falco jugger
Detroit (Geography and places)

The Detroit Free Press and The Detroit News are the major daily newspapers, both broadsheet publications published together under a joint operating agreement called the Detroit Newspaper Partnership. Media philanthropy includes the Detroit Free Press high school journalism program and the Old Newsboys' Goodfellow Fund of Detroit. In March 2009, the two newspapers reduced home delivery to three days a week, print reduced newsstand issues of the papers on non-delivery days and focus resources on Internet-based news delivery. The Metro Times, founded in 1980, is a weekly publication, covering news, arts & entertainment.

Q1: Under which agreement are Detroit's major newspapers published?
A1: Detroit Newspaper Partnership
Q2: When was The Metro Times founded?
A2: 1980
Q3: In what year did Detroit's two major newspapers reduce home delivery?
A3: 2009
Detroit (Geography and places)

The Detroit International Riverfront includes a partially completed three-and-one-half mile riverfront promenade with a combination of parks, residential buildings, and commercial areas. It extends from Hart Plaza to the MacArthur Bridge accessing Belle Isle Park (the largest island park in a U.S. city). The riverfront includes Tri-Centennial State Park and Harbor, Michigan's first urban state park. The second phase is a two-mile (3 km) extension from Hart Plaza to the Ambassador Bridge for a total of five miles (8 km) of parkway from bridge to bridge. Civic planners envision that the pedestrian parks will stimulate residential redevelopment of riverfront properties condemned under eminent domain.

Q1: What is the large island park in Detroit?
A1: Belle Isle Park
Q2: What is Michigan's first urban park?
A2: Tri-Centennial State Park
Q3: How long is the second phase of the riverfront?
A3: two-mile
Q4: What is the total length of the Detroit International Riverfront?
A4: five miles
Geological_history_of_Earth (Natural sciences)

The Devonian spanned roughly from 419 to 359 Ma. The period was a time of great tectonic activity, as Laurasia and Gondwana drew closer together. The continent Euramerica (or Laurussia) was created in the early Devonian by the collision of Laurentia and Baltica, which rotated into the natural dry zone along the Tropic of Capricorn. In these near-deserts, the Old Red Sandstone sedimentary beds formed, made red by the oxidized iron (hematite) characteristic of drought conditions. Near the equator Pangaea began to consolidate from the plates containing North America and Europe, further raising the northern Appalachian Mountains and forming the Caledonian Mountains in Great Britain and Scandinavia. The southern continents remained tied together in the supercontinent of Gondwana. The remainder of modern Eurasia lay in the Northern Hemisphere. Sea levels were high worldwide, and much of the land lay submerged under shallow seas. The deep, enormous Panthalassa (the "universal ocean") covered the rest of the planet. Other minor oceans were Paleo-Tethys, Proto-Tethys, Rheic Ocean and Ural Ocean (which was closed during the collision with Siberia and Baltica).

Q1: During what time period was the Devonian era?
A1: 419 to 359 Ma.
Q2: Which continent was formed from the meeting of Laurentia and Baltica?
A2: Euramerica (or Laurussia)
Q3: Which sedimentary beds were created in the dry areas of Euramerica in the Devonian period?
A3: Old Red Sandstone
Q4: Which mountains associated with the USA were formed near the equator on  Pangaea during the Devonian?
A4: the northern Appalachian Mountains
Q5: What was the largest ocean referred to that existed in the Devonian period?
A5: Panthalassa
Digimon (Video games)

The Digimon series has a large number of video games which usually have their own independent storylines with a few sometimes tying into the stories of the anime series or manga series. The games consists of a number of genres including life simulation, adventure, video card game, strategy and racing games, though they are mainly action role-playing games. The games released in North America are: Digimon World, Digimon World 2, Digimon World 3, Digimon World 4, Digimon Digital Card Battle, Digimon Rumble Arena, Digimon Rumble Arena 2, Digimon Battle Spirit, Digimon Battle Spirit 2, Digimon Racing, Digimon World DS, Digimon World Data Squad, Digimon World Dawn and Dusk, Digimon World Championship, and Digimon Masters.

Q1: What did the Digimon series end up having lots of during the series?
A1: video games
Q2: What were the first two North American games released?
A2: Digimon World, Digimon World 2
Q3: Name one of the genres from any of the Digimon video games?
A3: strategy