LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Warsaw_Pact (History)

One month later, the proposed European Treaty was rejected not only by supporters of the EDC but also by western opponents of the European Defense Community (like French Gaullist leader Palewski) who perceived it as "unacceptable in its present form because it excludes the USA from participation in the collective security system in Europe". The Soviets then decided to make a new proposal to the governments of the USA, UK and France stating to accept the participation of the USA in the proposed General European Agreement. And considering that another argument deployed against the Soviet proposal was that it was perceived by western powers as "directed against the North Atlantic Pact and its liquidation", the Soviets decided to declare their "readiness to examine jointly with other interested parties the question of the participation of the USSR in the North Atlantic bloc", specifying that "the admittance of the USA into the General European Agreement should not be conditional on the three western powers agreeing to the USSR joining the North Atlantic Pact".

Q1: The omission of which nation from involvement in the proposed security system led to its NATO opposition?
A1: the USA
Nutrition (Agriculture, food, and drink)

One mustn't overlook the doctrines of Galen: In use from his life in the 1st century AD until the 17th century, it was heresy to disagree with him for 1500 years. Galen was physician to gladiators in Pergamon, and in Rome, physician to Marcus Aurelius and the three emperors who succeeded him. Most of Galen's teachings were gathered and enhanced in the late 11th century by Benedictine monks at the School of Salerno in Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum, which still had users in the 17th century. Galen believed in the bodily humours of Hippocrates, and he taught that pneuma is the source of life. Four elements (earth, air, fire and water) combine into "complexion", which combines into states (the four temperaments: sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric, and melancholic). The states are made up of pairs of attributes (hot and moist, cold and moist, hot and dry, and cold and dry), which are made of four humours: blood, phlegm, green (or yellow) bile, and black bile (the bodily form of the elements). Galen thought that for a person to have gout, kidney stones, or arthritis was scandalous, which Gratzer likens to Samuel Butler's Erehwon (1872) where sickness is a crime.

Q1: How long was the doctrines of Galen in use for?
A1: 1500 years
Q2: Which famous emperor did Galen serve as a physician to?
A2: Marcus Aurelius
Q3: Who resided at the School of Salerno in Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum?
A3: Benedictine monks
Q4: What did Galen believe that pneuma was?
A4: the source of life
Q5: What did each pair of attributes supposedly consist of?
A5: four humours
Dominican_Order (Philosophy and religion)

One of Albert's greatest contributions was his study of Dionysus the Areopagite, a mystical theologian whose words left an indelible imprint in the medieval period. Magnus' writings made a significant contribution to German mysticism, which became vibrant in the minds of the Beguines and women such as Hildegard of Bingen and Mechthild of Magdeburg. Mysticism, for the purposes of this study, refers to the conviction that all believers have the capability to experience God's love. This love may manifest itself through brief ecstatic experiences, such that one may be engulfed by God and gain an immediate knowledge of Him, which is unknowable through the intellect alone.

Q1: Albert Magnus studied Dionysus during what historical period?
A1: medieval
Q2: What was one of Albert the Great's biggest contributions during the medieval period?
A2: his study of Dionysus the Areopagite
Q3: Who was Dionysus?
A3: a mystical theologian
Q4: What refers to the conviction that all believers are capable of experiencing God's love?
A4: Mysticism
Q5: Albert magnus' writings contributed greatly to what?
A5: German mysticism
Hyderabad (Geography and places)

One of Hyderabad's earliest newspapers, The Deccan Times, was established in the 1780s. In modern times, the major Telugu dailies published in Hyderabad are Eenadu, Andhra Jyothy, Sakshi and Namaste Telangana, while the major English papers are The Times of India, The Hindu and The Deccan Chronicle. The major Urdu papers include The Siasat Daily, The Munsif Daily and Etemaad. Many coffee table magazines, professional magazines and research journals are also regularly published. The Secunderabad Cantonment Board established the first radio station in Hyderabad State around 1919. Deccan Radio was the first radio public broadcast station in the city starting on 3 February 1935, with FM broadcasting beginning in 2000. The available channels in Hyderabad include All India Radio, Radio Mirchi, Radio City, Red FM and Big FM.

Q1: When was The Deccan Times founded?
A1: the 1780s
Q2: What is The Deccan Chronicle?
A2: major English papers
Q3: What type of paper is The Siasat Daily?
A3: major Urdu papers
Q4: What year was the first radio station in Hyderabad formed?
A4: around 1919
Q5: On what date did the first public radio station in Hyderabad begin broadcasting?
A5: starting on 3 February 1935
John,_King_of_England (History)

One of John's principal challenges was acquiring the large sums of money needed for his proposed campaigns to reclaim Normandy. The Angevin kings had three main sources of income available to them, namely revenue from their personal lands, or demesne; money raised through their rights as a feudal lord; and revenue from taxation. Revenue from the royal demesne was inflexible and had been diminishing slowly since the Norman conquest. Matters were not helped by Richard's sale of many royal properties in 1189, and taxation played a much smaller role in royal income than in later centuries. English kings had widespread feudal rights which could be used to generate income, including the scutage system, in which feudal military service was avoided by a cash payment to the king. He derived income from fines, court fees and the sale of charters and other privileges. John intensified his efforts to maximise all possible sources of income, to the extent that he has been described as "avaricious, miserly, extortionate and moneyminded". John also used revenue generation as a way of exerting political control over the barons: debts owed to the crown by the king's favoured supporters might be forgiven; collection of those owed by enemies was more stringently enforced.

Q1: What was one of John's principal challenges?
A1: acquiring the large sums of money needed
Q2: When did Richard sell many royal properties?
A2: 1189
Q3: Where did John derive income from?
A3: fines, court fees and the sale of charters and other privileges
Han_dynasty (History)

One of the Han's greatest mathematical advancements was the world's first use of negative numbers. Negative numbers first appeared in the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art as black counting rods, where positive numbers were represented by red counting rods. Negative numbers are used in the Bakhshali manuscript of ancient India, but its exact date of compilation is unknown. Negative numbers were also used by the Greek mathematician Diophantus in about 275 AD, but were not widely accepted in Europe until the 16th century AD.

Q1: In what treatise did negative numbers first appear?
A1: the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art
Q2: How were negative numbers first described during the Han period?
A2: as black counting rods
Q3: In what century were negative numbers more commonly accepted in Europe?
A3: 16th century AD
Q4: What Indian manuscript also contains the useage of negative numbers?
A4: Bakhshali
Q5: What were positive numbers portayed as in the treatise of the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art?
A5: red counting rods
Boston (Geography and places)

One of the best known sporting events in the city is the Boston Marathon, the 26.2-mile (42.2 km) race which is the world's oldest annual marathon, run on Patriots' Day in April. On April 15, 2013, two explosions killed three people and injured hundreds at the marathon. Another major annual event is the Head of the Charles Regatta, held in October.

Q1: What is one of the most famous sporting events in the city?
A1: the Boston Marathon
Q2: When is the head of Charles Regatta held?
A2: October
Q3: How many people were killed in the explosions at the Boston marathon?
A3: three
Anthropology (Social sciences and society)

One of the central problems in the anthropology of art concerns the universality of 'art' as a cultural phenomenon. Several anthropologists have noted that the Western categories of 'painting', 'sculpture', or 'literature', conceived as independent artistic activities, do not exist, or exist in a significantly different form, in most non-Western contexts. To surmount this difficulty, anthropologists of art have focused on formal features in objects which, without exclusively being 'artistic', have certain evident 'aesthetic' qualities. Boas' Primitive Art, Claude Lévi-Strauss' The Way of the Masks (1982) or Geertz's 'Art as Cultural System' (1983) are some examples in this trend to transform the anthropology of 'art' into an anthropology of culturally specific 'aesthetics'.

Q1: What is a cultural phenomenon? 
A1: art
Q2: What have several anthropologists noted about Western artistic endeavors and their place in non-Western contexts?
A2: do not exist
Q3: What formal features in objects do anthropologists of art focus on?
A3: evident 'aesthetic' qualities
Q4: When was Art as Cultural System penned?
A4: 1983
Q5: What is the trend to transform the anthropology of 'art' into an anthropology of?
A5: culturally specific 'aesthetics'
Brigham_Young_University (Philosophy and religion)

One of the characteristics of BYU most often pointed out is its reputation for emphasizing a "marriage culture". Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints highly value marriage and family, especially marriage within the faith. Approximately 51 percent of the graduates in BYU's class of 2005 were married. This is compared to a national marriage average among college graduates of 11 percent. BYU students on average marry at the age of 22, according to a 2005 study, while the national average age is 25 years for men and 27 years for women.

Q1: What is one of BYU's characteristics that is most often pointed out through reputation?
A1: emphasizing a "marriage culture"
Q2: What percentage of BYU's class of 2005 were married?
A2: Approximately 51
Q3: What is the national marriage average among college graduates?
A3: 11 percent
Q4: What is the average age that BYU students marry according to a 2005 study?
A4: 22
Q5: What type of marriage is highly valued by LDS members?
A5: marriage within the faith
Muslim_world (Philosophy and religion)

One of the common definitions for "Islamic philosophy" is "the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture." Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) had more than 450 books attributed to him. His writings were concerned with various subjects, most notably philosophy and medicine. His medical textbook The Canon of Medicine was used as the standard text in European universities for centuries. He also wrote The Book of Healing, an influential scientific and philosophical encyclopedia.

Q1: What was the life span of Ibn Sina?
A1: 980–1037
Q2: How many books were said to have been written by Ibn Sina?
A2: 450
Q3: What subjects did Ibn Sina mainly write about?
A3: philosophy and medicine
Q4: What medical book is Ibn Sina most noted for in European universities?
A4: The Canon of Medicine
Q5: What philosophical encyclopedia is Ibn Sina known for writing?
A5: The Book of Healing
Sexual_orientation (Natural sciences)

One of the earliest sexual orientation classification schemes was proposed in the 1860s by Karl Heinrich Ulrichs in a series of pamphlets he published privately. The classification scheme, which was meant only to describe males, separated them into three basic categories: dionings, urnings and uranodionings. An urning can be further categorized by degree of effeminacy. These categories directly correspond with the categories of sexual orientation used today: heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual. In the series of pamphlets, Ulrichs outlined a set of questions to determine if a man was an urning. The definitions of each category of Ulrichs' classification scheme are as follows:

Q1: Who created on of the earliest sexual classification schemes?
A1: Karl Heinrich Ulrichs
Q2: When did Karl Heinrich Ulrichs develop this classification scheme?
A2: in the 1860s
Q3: Was his classification scheme meant for males or females?
A3: meant only to describe males
Q4: What three categories are used in Ulrichs scheme?
A4: dionings, urnings and uranodionings
Q5: What did these three categories correspond with?
A5: the categories of sexual orientation used today:
House_music (Music)

One of the early anthemic tunes, "Promised Land" by Joe Smooth, was covered and charted within a week by the Style Council. Europeans embraced house, and began booking legendary American house DJs to play at the big clubs, such as Ministry of Sound, whose resident, Justin Berkmann brought in Larry Levan.

Q1: who released the hit single "promised land"?
A1: Joe Smooth
Q2: who covered and charted the single "promised land"?
A2: Style Council
Q3: who was the resident of the Ministry of Sound?
A3: Justin Berkmann
Q4: who did Justin Berkmann bring into the club to play?
A4: Larry Levan
Cyprus (Geography and places)

One of the features of Cypriot art is a tendency towards figurative painting although conceptual art is being rigorously promoted by a number of art "institutions" and most notably the Nicosia Municipal Art Centre. Municipal art galleries exist in all the main towns and there is a large and lively commercial art scene. Cyprus was due to host the international art festival Manifesta in 2006 but this was cancelled at the last minute following a dispute between the Dutch organizers of Manifesta and the Cyprus Ministry of Education and Culture over the location of some of the Manifesta events in the Turkish sector of the capital Nicosia.

Q1: What type of art is being promoted by art institutions in Cyprus?
A1: conceptual art
Q2: What types of places can Cypriots visit to experience art?
A2: Municipal art galleries
Q3: What year was Cyprus supposed to host the international art festival Manifesta?
A3: 2006
Hellenistic_period (History)

One of the few city states who managed to maintain full independence from the control of any Hellenistic kingdom was Rhodes. With a skilled navy to protect its trade fleets from pirates and an ideal strategic position covering the routes from the east into the Aegean, Rhodes prospered during the Hellenistic period. It became a center of culture and commerce, its coins were widely circulated and its philosophical schools became one of the best in the mediterranean. After holding out for one year under siege by Demetrius Poliorcetes (304-305 BCE), the Rhodians built the Colossus of Rhodes to commemorate their victory. They retained their independence by the maintenance of a powerful navy, by maintaining a carefully neutral posture and acting to preserve the balance of power between the major Hellenistic kingdoms.

Q1: What did Rhodians build to commemorate their victory over Demetrius Poliorcetes?
A1: Colossus of Rhodes
Q2: What period did Rhodes prosper?
A2: Hellenistic
Q3: What military force helped Rhodes maintain their independence?
A3: navy
Q4: What years were Rhodes under attack by Demetrius Poliorcetes?
A4: 304-305 BCE
Arnold_Schwarzenegger (Media and drama)

One of the first competitions he won was the Junior Mr. Europe contest in 1965. He won Mr. Europe the following year, at age 19. He would go on to compete in, and win, many bodybuilding contests. His bodybuilding victories included five Mr. Universe (4 – NABBA [England], 1 – IFBB [USA]) wins, and seven Mr. Olympia wins, a record which would stand until Lee Haney won his eighth consecutive Mr. Olympia title in 1991.

Q1: What bodybuilding title did Schwarzenegger win in 1965?
A1: Junior Mr. Europe
Q2: How many times did Schwarzenegger win the Mr. Olympia title?
A2: seven
Videoconferencing (History)

One of the first demonstrations of the ability for telecommunications to help sign language users communicate with each other occurred when AT&T's videophone (trademarked as the "Picturephone") was introduced to the public at the 1964 New York World's Fair –two deaf users were able to communicate freely with each other between the fair and another city. Various universities and other organizations, including British Telecom's Martlesham facility, have also conducted extensive research on signing via videotelephony. The use of sign language via videotelephony was hampered for many years due to the difficulty of its use over slow analogue copper phone lines, coupled with the high cost of better quality ISDN (data) phone lines. Those factors largely disappeared with the introduction of more efficient video codecs and the advent of lower cost high-speed ISDN data and IP (Internet) services in the 1990s.

Q1: What company introduced the first device to help deaf people communicate through telecommunications?
A1: AT&T
Q2: What was the name of AT&T's videophone device?
A2: Picturephone
Q3: In what year was AT&T's "Picturephone" device introduced?
A3: 1964
Q4: Where was AT&T's "Picturephone" device unveiled?
A4: 1964 New York World's Fair
Q5: In what decade were more efficient ways of using sign language via video-telephony developed?
A5: 1990s
To_Kill_a_Mockingbird (Language and literature)

One of the first incidents of the book being challenged was in Hanover, Virginia, in 1966: a parent protested that the use of rape as a plot device was immoral. Johnson cites examples of letters to local newspapers, which ranged from amusement to fury; those letters expressing the most outrage, however, complained about Mayella Ewell's attraction to Tom Robinson over the depictions of rape. Upon learning the school administrators were holding hearings to decide the book's appropriateness for the classroom, Harper Lee sent $10 to The Richmond News Leader suggesting it to be used toward the enrollment of "the Hanover County School Board in any first grade of its choice". The National Education Association in 1968 placed the novel second on a list of books receiving the most complaints from private organizations—after Little Black Sambo.

Q1: When was the first major controversy that surfaced from the book?
A1: 1966
Q2: What event in the novel was heavily criticized for being a plot device?
A2: rape
Q3: In letters to local newspapers, what subplot in the book received the most complaints?
A3: Mayella Ewell's attraction to Tom Robinson
Q4: According to the National Education Association, what was the only book to receive more complaints in 1968?
A4: Little Black Sambo
Hydrogen (Natural sciences)

One of the first quantum effects to be explicitly noticed (but not understood at the time) was a Maxwell observation involving hydrogen, half a century before full quantum mechanical theory arrived. Maxwell observed that the specific heat capacity of H2 unaccountably departs from that of a diatomic gas below room temperature and begins to increasingly resemble that of a monatomic gas at cryogenic temperatures. According to quantum theory, this behavior arises from the spacing of the (quantized) rotational energy levels, which are particularly wide-spaced in H2 because of its low mass. These widely spaced levels inhibit equal partition of heat energy into rotational motion in hydrogen at low temperatures. Diatomic gases composed of heavier atoms do not have such widely spaced levels and do not exhibit the same effect.

Q1: Who observed the specific heat capacity of H2?
A1: Maxwell
Q2: What cause H2 to resemble monatomic gas?
A2: spacing of the (quantized) rotational energy levels
Q3: What theory supports this?
A3: quantum theory
Translation (Language and literature)

One of the first recorded instances of translation in the West was the rendering of the Old Testament into Greek in the 3rd century BCE. The translation is known as the "Septuagint", a name that refers to the seventy translators (seventy-two, in some versions) who were commissioned to translate the Bible at Alexandria, Egypt. Each translator worked in solitary confinement in his own cell, and according to legend all seventy versions proved identical. The Septuagint became the source text for later translations into many languages, including Latin, Coptic, Armenian and Georgian.

Q1: What is one of the first known instances of translation in the West?
A1: rendering of the Old Testament into Greek
Q2: When was the Old Testament translated into Greek?
A2: 3rd century BCE
Q3: Why is the translation of the Old Testament into Greek known as the Septuagint?
A3: seventy translators
Q4: How did each translator of the Bible work in Alexandria?
A4: in solitary confinement
Q5: According to myth, what property did all seventy versions of the bible have?
A5: identical
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 (History)

One of the first victims was Northern Rock, a medium-sized British bank. The highly leveraged nature of its business led the bank to request security from the Bank of England. This in turn led to investor panic and a bank run in mid-September 2007. Calls by Liberal Democrat Treasury Spokesman Vince Cable to nationalise the institution were initially ignored; in February 2008, however, the British government (having failed to find a private sector buyer) relented, and the bank was taken into public hands. Northern Rock's problems proved to be an early indication of the troubles that would soon befall other banks and financial institutions.

Q1: Which medium sized British bank was the first victim of the financial crisis?
A1: Northern Rock
Q2: Who did Northern Rock request security from?
A2: Bank of England
Q3: When did Northern Rock investors panic and a bank run begin?
A3: September 2007
Q4: When was Northern Rock taken into public hands?
A4: February 2008
Q5: Which bank early problems in 2007 were an indicator of the troubles that would soon befall other banks and financial institutions?
A5: Northern Rock
Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation (Social sciences and society)

One of the foundation's goals is to lower poverty by increasing the number of college graduates in the United States, and the organization has funded "Reimagining Aid Design and Delivery" grants to think tanks and advocacy organizations to produce white papers on ideas for changing the current system of federal financial aid for college students, with a goal of increasing graduation rates. One of the ways the foundation has sought to increase the number of college graduates is to get them through college faster, but that idea has received some pushback from organizations of universities and colleges.

Q1: What is 1 foundation goal 
A1: One of the foundation's goals is to lower poverty by increasing the number of college graduates in the United States
Q2: One way to increase college graduation by the foundation is 
A2: One of the ways the foundation has sought to increase the number of college graduates is to get them through college faster
Q3: how did they work on college financing 
A3: Reimagining Aid Design and Delivery" grants to think tanks and advocacy organizations
Warsaw_Pact (History)

One of the founding members, East Germany was allowed to re-arm by the Soviet Union and the National People's Army was established as the armed forces of the country to counter the rearmament of West Germany.

Q1: Which nation was permitted rearmament by the foundation of the Warsaw Pact?
A1: East Germany
Q2: What was the name of the East German armed forces?
A2: the National People's Army