LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Somerset (Geography and places)

Traditional willow growing and weaving (such as basket weaving) is not as extensive as it used to be but is still carried out on the Somerset Levels and is commemorated at the Willows and Wetlands Visitor Centre. Fragments of willow basket were found near the Glastonbury Lake Village, and it was also used in the construction of several Iron Age causeways. The willow was harvested using a traditional method of pollarding, where a tree would be cut back to the main stem. During the 1930s more than 3,600 hectares (8,900 acres) of willow were being grown commercially on the Levels. Largely due to the displacement of baskets with plastic bags and cardboard boxes, the industry has severely declined since the 1950s. By the end of the 20th century only about 140 hectares (350 acres) were grown commercially, near the villages of Burrowbridge, Westonzoyland and North Curry. The Somerset Levels is now the only area in the UK where basket willow is grown commercially.

Q1: Where is willow growing still practiced 
A1: Traditional willow growing and weaving (such as basket weaving) is not as extensive as it used to be but is still carried out on the Somerset Levels
Q2: What is pollarding 
A2: The willow was harvested using a traditional method of pollarding, where a tree would be cut back to the main stem
Q3: What did plastic bags result in 
A3: Largely due to the displacement of baskets with plastic bags and cardboard boxes, the industry has severely declined since the 1950s
Q4: The somerset level is the only area left  to commercially grow what 
A4: The Somerset Levels is now the only area in the UK where basket willow is grown commercially.
Nanjing (Geography and places)

Traditionally Nanjing's nightlife was mostly centered around Nanjing Fuzimiao (Confucius Temple) area along the Qinhuai River, where night markets, restaurants and pubs thrived. Boating at night in the river was a main attraction of the city. Thus, one can see the statues of the famous teachers and educators of the past not too far from those of the courtesans who educated the young men in the other arts.

Q1: Where have Nanjing's after-hours activities typically been located?
A1: around Nanjing Fuzimiao (Confucius Temple) area along the Qinhuai River
Q2: What three things were popular in the Nanjing Fuzimiao area?
A2: night markets, restaurants and pubs
Q3: What was a major night attraction for Nanjing?
A3: Boating at night in the river
Q4: What statues are near the ones of teachers and educators?
A4: courtesans
Q5: What is another name for Nanjing Fuzimiao?
A5: Confucius Temple
Carnival (Philosophy and religion)

Traditionally a carnival feast was the last opportunity to eat well before the time of food shortage at the end of the winter during which one was limited to the minimum necessary. On what nowadays is called vastenavond (the days before fasting) all the remaining winter stores of lard, butter and meat which were left would be eaten, for it would soon start to rot and decay. The selected livestock had in fact already been slaughtered in November and the meat would be no longer preservable. All the food that had survived the winter had to be eaten to assure that everyone was fed enough to survive until the coming spring would provide new food sources.

Q1: Why was the carnival feast typically the last opportunity to eat well?
A1: food shortage at the end of the winter
Q2: What was one limited to during the winter?
A2: the minimum necessary
Q3: What does "vastenavond" mean?
A3: the days before fasting)
Q4: Why would all the remaining stores of lard, butter and meat left at vastenavond be eaten?
A4: it would soon start to rot and decay
Q5: When would new food sources be available for those who survived the winter?
A5: spring
Portugal (Geography and places)

Traditionally a sea-power, Portugal has had a strong tradition in the Portuguese fishing sector and is one of the countries with the highest fish consumption per capita. The main landing sites in Portugal (including Azores and Madeira), according to total landings in weight by year, are the harbours of Matosinhos, Peniche, Olhão, Sesimbra, Figueira da Foz, Sines, Portimão and Madeira. Portuguese processed fish products are exported through several companies, under a number of different brands and registered trademarks, such as Ramirez (the world’s oldest active canned fish producer), Bom Petisco, Nero, Combate, Comur, General, Líder, Manná, Murtosa, Pescador, Pitéu, Tenório, Torreira and Vasco da Gama.[citation needed]

Q1: Which company is the world's oldest canned fish producer?
A1: Ramirez
Q2: What are the names of various companies that produce and export fish products?
A2: Bom Petisco, Nero, Combate, Comur, General, Líder, Manná, Murtosa, Pescador, Pitéu, Tenório, Torreira and Vasco da Gama
Q3: What food does Portugal have one of the highest rates of consumption of?
A3: fish
Neolithic (History)

Traditionally considered the last part of the Stone Age, the Neolithic followed the terminal Holocene Epipaleolithic period and commenced with the beginning of farming, which produced the "Neolithic Revolution". It ended when metal tools became widespread (in the Copper Age or Bronze Age; or, in some geographical regions, in the Iron Age). The Neolithic is a progression of behavioral and cultural characteristics and changes, including the use of wild and domestic crops and of domesticated animals.

Q1: What era is commonly known as the final phase of the Stone Age?
A1: the Neolithic
Q2: What era preceded the Neolithic?
A2: Holocene Epipaleolithic period
Q3: What event is associated with the start of farming?
A3: Neolithic Revolution
Q4: What era saw an increase in metal tool use?
A4: Copper Age
Rajasthan (Geography and places)

Traditionally the Rajputs, Jats, Meenas, Gurjars, Bhils, Rajpurohit, Charans, Yadavs, Bishnois, Sermals, PhulMali (Saini) and other tribes made a great contribution in building the state of Rajasthan. All these tribes suffered great difficulties in protecting their culture and the land. Millions of them were killed trying to protect their land. A number of Gurjars had been exterminated in Bhinmal and Ajmer areas fighting with the invaders. Bhils once ruled Kota. Meenas were rulers of Bundi and the Dhundhar region.

Q1: Members of what tribe were exterminated in Ajmer?
A1: Gurjars
Q2: What tribe formerly ruled Kota?
A2: Bhils
Q3: What was the name of the group that formerly ruled Bundi?
A3: Meenas
Q4: What is another way to refer to the PhulMali?
A4: Saini
Q5: The Jats assisted in building what state?
A5: Rajasthan
Annelid (Natural sciences)

Traditionally the annelids have been divided into two major groups, the polychaetes and clitellates. In turn the clitellates were divided into oligochaetes, which include earthworms, and hirudinomorphs, whose best-known members are leeches. For many years there was no clear arrangement of the approximately 80 polychaete families into higher-level groups. In 1997 Greg Rouse and Kristian Fauchald attempted a "first heuristic step in terms of bringing polychaete systematics to an acceptable level of rigour", based on anatomical structures, and divided polychaetes into:

Q1: What two groups are annelids traditionally divided among?
A1: polychaetes and clitellates
Q2: What subtype of clitellates contains earthworms?
A2: oligochaetes
Q3: What subtype of clitellates contains leeches?
A3: hirudinomorphs
Q4: How many polychaete families are there?
A4: approximately 80
Q5: When did Greg Rouse begin trying to categorize polychaetes?
A5: 1997
Carnival (Philosophy and religion)

Traditionally the feast also applied to sexual desires, which were supposed to be suppressed during the following fasting. Before Lent began, all rich food and drink were consumed in what became a giant celebration that involved the whole community, and is thought to be the origin of Carnival. The Lenten period of the Liturgical calendar, the six weeks directly before Easter, was originally marked by fasting and other pious or penitential practices. During Lent, no parties or celebrations were held, and people refrained from eating rich foods, such as meat, dairy, fat and sugar.

Q1: What desires were expected to be suppressed during the fasting period?
A1: sexual
Q2: All rich food and drink were consumed before what named event?
A2: Lent
Q3: The giant celebration that involved the whole community is thought to be the origin of what festivity?
A3: Carnival
Q4: How long is the Lenten period of the Liturgical calendar?
A4: six weeks
Q5: What type of rich foods did people refrain from eating during Lent?
A5: meat, dairy, fat and sugar
FC_Barcelona (Sports and recreation)

Traditionally, Espanyol was seen by the vast majority of Barcelona's citizens as a club which cultivated a kind of compliance to the central authority, in stark contrast to Barça's revolutionary spirit. Also in the 1960s and 1970s, while FC Barcelona acted as an integrating force for Catalonia's new arrivals from poorer regions of Spain expecting to find a better life, Espanyol drew their support mainly from sectors close to the regime such as policemen, military officers, civil servants and career fascists.

Q1: How was Espanyol viewed as being toward Spanish authority by the people of Barcelona?
A1: compliance
Q2: What kind of spirit does Team Barcelona seem to encourage?
A2: revolutionary
Q3: What type of supporters did Barcelona  attract?
A3: Catalonia's new arrivals
Q4: From where did Espanyol draw their supporters?
A4: close to the regime
Q5: When did Barcelona act as a draw to new arrivals from Catalan?
A5: 1960s and 1970s
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States (History)

Traditionally, Section 1983 was of limited use for a state prisoner under sentence of death because the Supreme Court has held that habeas corpus, not Section 1983, is the only vehicle by which a state prisoner can challenge his judgment of death. In the 2006 Hill v. McDonough case, however, the United States Supreme Court approved the use of Section 1983 as a vehicle for challenging a state's method of execution as cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment. The theory is that a prisoner bringing such a challenge is not attacking directly his judgment of death, but rather the means by which that the judgment will be carried out. Therefore, the Supreme Court held in the Hill case that a prisoner can use Section 1983 rather than habeas corpus to bring the lawsuit. Yet, as Clarence Hill's own case shows, lower federal courts have often refused to hear suits challenging methods of execution on the ground that the prisoner brought the claim too late and only for the purposes of delay. Further, the Court's decision in Baze v. Rees, upholding a lethal injection method used by many states, has drastically narrowed the opportunity for relief through Section 1983.

Q1: In what case did the Supreme Court allow Section 1983 to be used to challenge a method of execution?
A1: Hill v. McDonough
Q2: In what year was Hill v. McDonough decided?
A2: 2006
Q3: What amendment of the Constitution does cruel and unusual punishment violate?
A3: Eighth
Q4: What case notably upheld the use of a method of lethal injection?
A4: Baze v. Rees
Q5: Along with Section 1983, through what means can a convict on death row challenge his execution?
A5: habeas corpus
Royal_Dutch_Shell (Natural sciences)

Traditionally, Shell was a heavily decentralised business worldwide (especially in the downstream) with companies in over 100 countries, each of which operated with a high degree of independence. The upstream tended to be far more centralised with much of the technical and financial direction coming from the central offices in The Hague. Nevertheless, there were very large "exploration and production" companies in a few major oil and gas production centres such as the United Kingdom (Shell Expro, a Joint Venture with Exxon), Nigeria, Brunei, and Oman.

Q1: Shell was traditionally considered what type of business worldwide?
A1: heavily decentralised
Q2: Shell operated companies in how many countries?
A2: over 100
Q3: A good deal of technical and financial direction for the upstream came from what entity?
A3: the central offices in The Hague
Q4: What types of companies existed in a few major oil and gas production centers?
A4: "exploration and production"
Switzerland (Geography and places)

Traditionally, Switzerland avoids alliances that might entail military, political, or direct economic action and has been neutral since the end of its expansion in 1515. Its policy of neutrality was internationally recognised at the Congress of Vienna in 1815. Only in 2002 did Switzerland become a full member of the United Nations and it was the first state to join it by referendum. Switzerland maintains diplomatic relations with almost all countries and historically has served as an intermediary between other states. Switzerland is not a member of the European Union; the Swiss people have consistently rejected membership since the early 1990s. However, Switzerland does participate in the Schengen Area.

Q1: When was Switzerland's policy of neutrality internationally recognized?
A1: Congress of Vienna in 1815
Q2: What was Switzerland the first state to join the U.N. by?
A2: referendum
Q3: What have the Swiss people continually rejected membership in since the 1990's?
A3: European Union
Q4: How long has Switzerland traditionally been neutral?
A4: since the end of its expansion in 1515
Q5: How does Switzerland treat alliances that might entail military or political action?
A5: avoids
Exhibition_game (Sports and recreation)

Traditionally, major college basketball teams began their seasons with a few exhibition games. They played travelling teams made up of former college players on teams such as Athletes in Action or a team sponsored by Marathon Oil. On occasion before 1992, when FIBA allowed professional players on foreign national teams, colleges played those teams in exhibitions. However, in 2003, the National Collegiate Athletic Association banned games with non-college teams. Some teams have begun scheduling exhibition games against teams in NCAA Division II and NCAA Division III, or even against colleges and universities located in Canada. Major college basketball teams still travel to other countries during the summer to play in exhibition games, although a college team is allowed one foreign tour every four years, and a maximum of ten games in each tour.

Q1: What is an example of a corporate sponsor of a basketball team?
A1: Marathon Oil
Q2: What is an example of a team of former college players?
A2: Athletes in Action
Q3: When did the FIBA stop allowing pros on foreign national teams?
A3: 1992
Q4: When did the NCAA decide college teams could only play other college teams?
A4: 2003
Q5: How often does the NCAA allow college teams to go overseas?
A5: one foreign tour every four years
Nutrition (Agriculture, food, and drink)

Traditionally, simple carbohydrates are believed to be absorbed quickly, and therefore to raise blood-glucose levels more rapidly than complex carbohydrates. This, however, is not accurate. Some simple carbohydrates (e.g., fructose) follow different metabolic pathways (e.g., fructolysis) that result in only a partial catabolism to glucose, while, in essence, many complex carbohydrates may be digested at the same rate as simple carbohydrates. Glucose stimulates the production of insulin through food entering the bloodstream, which is grasped by the beta cells in the pancreas.

Q1: What was traditionally believed to be absorbed quickly causing blood - glucose levels to rapidly rise?
A1: simple carbohydrates
Q2: What is an example of a simple carbohydrate?
A2: fructose
Q3: When simple carbohydrates undergo metabolic pathways, what do they result in after partial catabolism?
A3: glucose
Q4: What is glucose able to stimulate that is required in the human body?
A4: production of insulin
Q5: Where are beta cells that attach to insulin located?
A5: pancreas
Race_(human_categorization) (Natural sciences)

Traditionally, subspecies are seen as geographically isolated and genetically differentiated populations. That is, "the designation 'subspecies' is used to indicate an objective degree of microevolutionary divergence" One objection to this idea is that it does not specify what degree of differentiation is required. Therefore, any population that is somewhat biologically different could be considered a subspecies, even to the level of a local population. As a result, Templeton has argued that it is necessary to impose a threshold on the level of difference that is required for a population to be designated a subspecies.

Q1: What are traditionally geographically isolated?
A1: subspecies
Q2: What is "subspecies" used to indicate an objective degree of?
A2: microevolutionary divergence
Q3: What is an objection to the idea of subspecies because it doesn't specify this?
A3: degree of differentiation
Q4: What would a population have to somewhat be to be considered a subspecies?
A4: biologically different
Q5: What did Templeton argue is necessary to impose a threshold on for a population to be a subspecies?
A5: level of difference
Modern_history (Philosophy and religion)

Traditionally, the European intellectual transformation of and after the Renaissance bridged the Middle Ages and the Modern era. The Age of Reason in the Western world is generally regarded as being the start of modern philosophy, and a departure from the medieval approach, especially Scholasticism. Early 17th-century philosophy is often called the Age of Rationalism and is considered to succeed Renaissance philosophy and precede the Age of Enlightenment, but some consider it as the earliest part of the Enlightenment era in philosophy, extending that era to two centuries. The 18th century saw the beginning of secularization in Europe, rising to notability in the wake of the French Revolution.

Q1: What bridged the middle ages to the modern era?
A1: European intellectual transformation
Q2: What is regarded as the start of modern philosophy? 
A2: The Age of Reason
Q3: What is 17th century philosophy also referred to as?
A3: the Age of Rationalism
Q4: What does the Age of Rationalism succeed? 
A4: Renaissance philosophy
Q5: What did the beginning of the 18th century mark the beginning of in Europe? 
A5: secularization
Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives (History)

Traditionally, the Speaker is reckoned as the leader of the majority party in the House, with the Majority Leader as second-in-command. For instance, when the Republicans gained the majority in the House after the 2010 elections, Eric Cantor succeeded Boehner as Majority Leader. Despite this, Cantor and his successor, Kevin McCarthy, have been reckoned as the second-ranking Republicans in the House, since Boehner is still reckoned as the leader of the House Republicans. However, there have been some exceptions. The most recent exception to this rule came when Majority Leader Tom DeLay generally overshadowed Speaker Dennis Hastert from 2003 to 2006. In contrast, the Minority Leader is the undisputed leader of the minority party.

Q1: Who is the leader of the majority leader in House?
A1: Speaker
Q2: What is the title of seconde in command for majority party in congress?
A2: Majority Leader
Q3: Who overshadowed House Speaker Dennis Hastert?
A3: Majority Leader Tom DeLay
Q4: Who is the leader of the minority party in the House?
A4: Minority Leader
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

Traditionally, the first step in most Buddhist schools requires taking refuge in the Three Jewels (Sanskrit: tri-ratna, Pāli: ti-ratana)[web 19] as the foundation of one's religious practice. The practice of taking refuge on behalf of young or even unborn children is mentioned in the Majjhima Nikaya, recognized by most scholars as an early text (cf. Infant baptism). Tibetan Buddhism sometimes adds a fourth refuge, in the lama. In Mahayana, the person who chooses the bodhisattva path makes a vow or pledge, considered the ultimate expression of compassion. In Mahayana, too, the Three Jewels are perceived as possessed of an eternal and unchanging essence and as having an irreversible effect: "The Three Jewels have the quality of excellence. Just as real jewels never change their faculty and goodness, whether praised or reviled, so are the Three Jewels (Refuges), because they have an eternal and immutable essence. These Three Jewels bring a fruition that is changeless, for once one has reached Buddhahood, there is no possibility of falling back to suffering.

Q1: What is the first step in a school of Buddhism?
A1: the Three Jewels
Q2: What mentions taking refuge on behalf of young or unborn children?
A2: Majjhima Nikaya
Q3: What type of Buddhism adds a fourth refuge?
A3: Tibetan
Q4: The Three Jewels are preceived as possessed of an eternal and unchanging what?
A4: essence.
Q5: What has an irreversable effect?
A5: The Three Jewels
United_States_Army (History)

Training in the U.S. Army is generally divided into two categories – individual and collective. Basic training consists of 10 weeks for most recruits followed by Advanced Individualized Training (AIT) where they receive training for their military occupational specialties (MOS). Some individuals MOSs range anywhere from 14–20 weeks of One Station Unit Training (OSUT), which combines Basic Training and AIT. The length of AIT school varies by the MOS The length of time spent in AIT depends on the MOS of the soldier, and some highly technical MOS training may require many months (e.g., foreign language translators). Depending on the needs of the army, Basic Combat Training for combat arms soldiers is conducted at a number of locations, but two of the longest-running are the Armor School and the Infantry School, both at Fort Benning, Georgia.

Q1: What categories are U.S. Army training divided into?
A1: individual and collective
Q2: How long does basic training last?
A2: 10 weeks
Q3: How long does military occupation specialties training last?
A3: 14–20 weeks
Q4: What does OSUT stand for?
A4: One Station Unit Training
Q5: Where are the Armor School and the Infantry School both located?
A5: Fort Benning, Georgia
United_States_Air_Force (Warfare)

Training programs vary in length; for example, 3M0X1 (Services) has 31 days of tech school training, while 3E8X1 (Explosive Ordnance Disposal) is one year of training with a preliminary school and a main school consisting of over 10 separate divisions, sometimes taking students close to two years to complete. Officer technical training conducted by Second Air Force can also vary by AFSC, while flight training for aeronautically-rated officers conducted by AETC's Nineteenth Air Force can last well in excess of one year.

Q1: What USAF tech school has 31 days of training?
A1: 3M0X1 (Services)
Q2: How long is the training for Explosive Ordnance Disposal in the USAF?
A2: one year of training with a preliminary school
Q3: Who conducts the training for Technical Officers in the USAF?
A3: Second Air Force
Q4: How long does the flight training for the AETC's Nineteenth Air Force last? 
A4: excess of one year
Samurai (Language and literature)

Traits valued in women of the samurai class were humility, obedience, self-control, strength, and loyalty. Ideally, a samurai wife would be skilled at managing property, keeping records, dealing with financial matters, educating the children (and perhaps servants, too), and caring for elderly parents or in-laws that may be living under her roof. Confucian law, which helped define personal relationships and the code of ethics of the warrior class required that a woman show subservience to her husband, filial piety to her parents, and care to the children. Too much love and affection was also said to indulge and spoil the youngsters. Thus, a woman was also to exercise discipline.

Q1: What characteristics did samurais want their wives to have?
A1: humility, obedience, self-control, strength, and loyalty
Q2: Who did samurai wives have to teach?
A2: the children (and perhaps servants, too)
Q3: Who did samurai wives have to take care of?
A3: elderly parents or in-laws that may be living under her roof
Q4: Who was a woman supposed to be subservient to?
A4: her husband
Q5: What defined the samurais' code?
A5: Confucian law