LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

Chopin seldom performed publicly in Paris. In later years he generally gave a single annual concert at the Salle Pleyel, a venue that seated three hundred. He played more frequently at salons, but preferred playing at his own Paris apartment for small groups of friends. The musicologist Arthur Hedley has observed that "As a pianist Chopin was unique in acquiring a reputation of the highest order on the basis of a minimum of public appearances—few more than thirty in the course of his lifetime." The list of musicians who took part in some of his concerts provides an indication of the richness of Parisian artistic life during this period. Examples include a concert on 23 March 1833, in which Chopin, Liszt and Hiller performed (on pianos) a concerto by J.S. Bach for three keyboards; and, on 3 March 1838, a concert in which Chopin, his pupil Adolphe Gutmann, Charles-Valentin Alkan, and Alkan's teacher Joseph Zimmermann performed Alkan's arrangement, for eight hands, of two movements from Beethoven's 7th symphony. Chopin was also involved in the composition of Liszt's Hexameron; he wrote the sixth (and final) variation on Bellini's theme. Chopin's music soon found success with publishers, and in 1833 he contracted with Maurice Schlesinger, who arranged for it to be published not only in France but, through his family connections, also in Germany and England.

Q1: What was Frédéric's favorite environment to perform in?
A1: his own Paris apartment for small groups of friends
Q2: What instrument did Frédéric play in a performance on 23 March 1833?
A2: pianos
Q3: Chopin gave a yearly performance where?
A3: Salle Pleyel
Q4: Chopin worked with Liszt on what piece?
A4: Hexameron
Q5: In 1833 with whom with Chopin work to get his music published?
A5: Maurice Schlesinger
Q6: What is the name of Chopin's pupil who performed with him?
A6: Adolphe Gutmann
Q7: Where did Chopin prefer to play for people?
A7: apartment
Q8: On March 23, 1833, who headlined and performed with Chopin at a concert?
A8: Liszt and Hiller
Q9: Who did Chopin contract with for publishing his music?
A9: Maurice Schlesinger
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

Chopin took the new salon genre of the nocturne, invented by the Irish composer John Field, to a deeper level of sophistication. He was the first to write ballades and scherzi as individual concert pieces. He essentially established a new genre with his own set of free-standing preludes (Op. 28, published 1839). He exploited the poetic potential of the concept of the concert étude, already being developed in the 1820s and 1830s by Liszt, Clementi and Moscheles, in his two sets of studies (Op. 10 published in 1833, Op. 25 in 1837).

Q1: Who is credited with creating the nocturne?
A1: John Field
Q2: Chopin was the first person to create what as singular concert pieces?
A2: ballades and scherzi
Q3: What new genre di John Field invent?
A3: nocturne
Q4: Chopin was first in writing what for concerts?
A4: ballades and scherzi
Q5: What musical concept did Chopin exploit?
A5: concert étude
Q6: What three other musicians were developing the new genre?
A6: Liszt, Clementi and Moscheles
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

Chopin was educated in the tradition of Beethoven, Haydn, Mozart and Clementi; he used Clementi's piano method with his own students. He was also influenced by Hummel's development of virtuoso, yet Mozartian, piano technique. He cited Bach and Mozart as the two most important composers in shaping his musical outlook. Chopin's early works are in the style of the "brilliant" keyboard pieces of his era as exemplified by the works of Ignaz Moscheles, Friedrich Kalkbrenner, and others. Less direct in the earlier period are the influences of Polish folk music and of Italian opera. Much of what became his typical style of ornamentation (for example, his fioriture) is taken from singing. His melodic lines were increasingly reminiscent of the modes and features of the music of his native country, such as drones.

Q1: Whose piano method did Chopin teach his students?
A1: Clementi
Q2: Whose piano method did Chopin use with his students?
A2: Clementi
Q3: Who did Chopin say were the two most important composers in his own music influences?
A3: Bach and Mozart
Q4: Chopin looked to Beethoven, Mozart, Clementi and who for his own music education?
A4: Haydn
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

Chopin's disease and the cause of his death have since been a matter of discussion. His death certificate gave the cause as tuberculosis, and his physician, Jean Cruveilhier, was then the leading French authority on this disease. Other possibilities have been advanced including cystic fibrosis, cirrhosis and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. However, the attribution of tuberculosis as principal cause of death has not been disproved. Permission for DNA testing, which could put the matter to rest, has been denied by the Polish government.

Q1: What is listed as Chopin's official cause of death?
A1: tuberculosis
Q2: What was the name of Chopin's doctor?
A2: Jean Cruveilhier
Q3: What has the Polish government not allowed to find true cause of death?
A3: DNA testing
Q4: What was the cause of death on Chopin's death certificate?
A4: tuberculosis
Q5: Who was Chopin's physician?
A5: Jean Cruveilhier
Q6: Other possiblities for Chopin's death include cirrhosis, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, and what?
A6: cystic fibrosis
Q7: Who has denied testing Chopin's DNA to determine the actual cause of death?
A7: the Polish government.
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

Chopin's harmonic innovations may have arisen partly from his keyboard improvisation technique. Temperley says that in his works "novel harmonic effects frequently result from the combination of ordinary appoggiaturas or passing notes with melodic figures of accompaniment", and cadences are delayed by the use of chords outside the home key (neapolitan sixths and diminished sevenths), or by sudden shifts to remote keys. Chord progressions sometimes anticipate the shifting tonality of later composers such as Claude Debussy, as does Chopin's use of modal harmony.

Q1: Chopin's chord progressions are similar in style to what other composer?
A1: Claude Debussy
Q2: What likely arose due to Chopin's technique with keyboards?
A2: harmonic innovations
Q3: Who wrote about Chopin's "novel harmonic effects"?
A3: Temperley
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

Chopin's life and his relations with George Sand have been fictionalized in numerous films. The 1945 biographical film A Song to Remember earned Cornel Wilde an Academy Award nomination as Best Actor for his portrayal of the composer. Other film treatments have included: La valse de l'adieu (France, 1928) by Henry Roussel, with Pierre Blanchar as Chopin; Impromptu (1991), starring Hugh Grant as Chopin; La note bleue (1991); and Chopin: Desire for Love (2002).

Q1: What was the name of the 1945 movie released about Chopin?
A1: A Song to Remember
Q2: What is the name of the actor who received and Oscar nomination for his role as Chopin?
A2: Cornel Wilde
Q3: What year was  La valse de l'adieu released?
A3: 1928
Q4: Who starred as Chopin in Impromptu?
A4: Hugh Grant
Q5: Chopins relations with whom have been fictionalized in movies?
A5: George Sand
Q6: What 1945 film was a fictionalized accounting of the relationship between Chopin and Sand?
A6: A Song to Remember
Q7: Who portrayed Chopin in A Song to Remember?
A7: Cornel Wilde
Q8: Who portrayed Chopin in the 1928 film, La valse de l'adieu?
A8: Pierre Blanchar
Q9: Who portrayed Chopin in the 1991 film, Impromptu?
A9: Hugh Grant
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

Chopin's life was covered in a BBC TV documentary Chopin – The Women Behind The Music (2010), and in a 2010 documentary realised by Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda for Italian television.

Q1: What television station made a documentary on Chopin?
A1: BBC
Q2: What two people created a documentary on Chopin for Italian tv?
A2: Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda
Q3: What was the title of the documentary the BBC released?
A3: The Women Behind The Music
Q4: What television station released a documentary on Chopin?
A4: BBC
Q5: What was the name of the documentary released by the BBC?
A5: Chopin – The Women Behind The Music
Q6: What are the names of the two people that created a documentary for Italian tele vision?
A6: Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda
Q7: Who did a work for Italian television about Chopin's life?
A7: Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

Chopin's mazurkas and waltzes are all in straightforward ternary or episodic form, sometimes with a coda. The mazurkas often show more folk features than many of his other works, sometimes including modal scales and harmonies and the use of drone basses. However, some also show unusual sophistication, for example Op. 63 No. 3, which includes a canon at one beat's distance, a great rarity in music.

Q1: Chopin's mazurkas contain more of what than his other compositions? 
A1: folk features
Q2: What form are Chopin's mazurkas and waltzes in?
A2: straightforward ternary or episodic form, sometimes with a coda.
Q3: Which of Chopin's works shows more folk aspects?
A3: mazurkas
Q4: What type of bass do Chopin's mazurkas exhibit?
A4: drone bass
Q5: What does Chopin's Op. 63 No. 3 have that is rare?
A5: a canon at one beat's distance
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

Chopin's music is frequently played with rubato, "the practice in performance of disregarding strict time, 'robbing' some note-values for expressive effect". There are differing opinions as to how much, and what type, of rubato is appropriate for his works. Charles Rosen comments that "most of the written-out indications of rubato in Chopin are to be found in his mazurkas ... It is probable that Chopin used the older form of rubato so important to Mozart ... [where] the melody note in the right hand is delayed until after the note in the bass ... An allied form of this rubato is the arpeggiation of the chords thereby delaying the melody note; according to Chopin's pupil, Karol Mikuli, Chopin was firmly opposed to this practice."

Q1: Chopin's compositions are often played with what?
A1: rubato
Q2: What does rubato mean?
A2: the practice in performance of disregarding strict time
Q3: In Chopin's music where strict timing is disregarded, what is it called?
A3: rubato
Q4: What type of Chopin's music had the most disregard for strict timing according to Charles Rosen?
A4: mazurkas
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

Chopin's music remains very popular and is regularly performed, recorded and broadcast worldwide. The world's oldest monographic music competition, the International Chopin Piano Competition, founded in 1927, is held every five years in Warsaw. The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland lists on its website over eighty societies world-wide devoted to the composer and his music. The Institute site also lists nearly 1,500 performances of Chopin works on YouTube as of January 2014.

Q1: What is the name of the oldest music essay competition?
A1: International Chopin Piano Competition
Q2: What year was the International Chopin Piano Competition founded?
A2: 1927
Q3: Where is the International Chopin Piano Competition held?
A3: Warsaw
Q4: How often is the International Chopin Piano Competition held?
A4: every five years
Q5: The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland includes approximately how many recordings of Chopin's work from Youtube?
A5: 1,500
Q6: What is the world's oldest monographic music competition?
A6: the International Chopin Piano Competition
Q7: When was the International Chopin Piano Competition established?
A7: 1927
Q8: There are over 80 societies throughout the world that have been established because of Chopin and his music according to who?
A8: The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland
Q9: How many known works of Chopin's music were on YouTube up to the beginning of 2014?
A9: nearly 1,500
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

Chopin's music was used in the 1909 ballet Chopiniana, choreographed by Michel Fokine and orchestrated by Alexander Glazunov. Sergei Diaghilev commissioned additional orchestrations—from Stravinsky, Anatoly Lyadov, Sergei Taneyev and Nikolai Tcherepnin—for later productions, which used the title Les Sylphides.

Q1: What is the name of the ballet that included Chopin's work?
A1: Chopiniana
Q2: Who choreographed a ballet which included Chopin's work?
A2: Michel Fokine
Q3: Chopiniana later went by a different name, what is that name?
A3: Les Sylphides
Q4: Who orchestrated Chopiniana?
A4: Alexander Glazunov
Q5: What year was the Chopiniana released?
A5: 1909
Q6: Which 1909 ballet used Chopin's music?
A6: Chopiniana
Q7: Who choreographed Chopiniana?
A7: Michel Fokine
Q8: Who orchestrated Chopiniana?
A8: Alexander Glazunov.
Q9: Sergei Diaghilev obtained additional orchestrations for subsequent productions, using which title?
A9: Les Sylphides.
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

Chopin's original publishers included Maurice Schlesinger and Camille Pleyel. His works soon began to appear in popular 19th-century piano anthologies. The first collected edition was by Breitkopf & Härtel (1878–1902). Among modern scholarly editions of Chopin's works are the version under the name of Paderewski published between 1937 and 1966 and the more recent Polish "National Edition", edited by Jan Ekier, both of which contain detailed explanations and discussions regarding choices and sources.

Q1: Who released the first collection of Chopin's works?
A1: Breitkopf & Härtel
Q2: Who edited the Polish "National Edition" of Chopin's works?
A2: Jan Ekier
Q3: Maurice Schlesinger and Camille Pleyel were what to Chopin?
A3: original publishers
Q4: Where did Chopin's work start t oshow up?
A4: popular 19th-century piano anthologies.
Q5: What was the name under scholarly publications of Chopin's work form 1937 to 1966?
A5: Paderewski
Q6: Who edited the Polish National Edition?
A6: Jan Ekier
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

Chopin's output as a composer throughout this period declined in quantity year by year. Whereas in 1841 he had written a dozen works, only six were written in 1842 and six shorter pieces in 1843. In 1844 he wrote only the Op. 58 sonata. 1845 saw the completion of three mazurkas (Op. 59). Although these works were more refined than many of his earlier compositions, Zamoyski opines that "his powers of concentration were failing and his inspiration was beset by anguish, both emotional and intellectual."

Q1: What was the name of the single piece of work he wrote in 1844?
A1: Op. 58 sonata
Q2: What can be said of these works compared to his work in other years even though the quantity was less?
A2: more refined than many of his earlier compositions
Q3: How many pieces did Chopin write in 1841?
A3: a dozen
Q4: How many pieces did Chopin compose in 1842?
A4: six
Q5: What piece did Chopin compose in 1844?
A5: Op. 58 sonata
Q6: How many works did Chopin write in 1842?
A6: six
Q7: How many works did Chopin write in 1843?
A7: six shorter pieces
Q8: How many works did Chopin write in 1845?
A8: three mazurkas
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

Chopin's polonaises show a marked advance on those of his Polish predecessors in the form (who included his teachers Zywny and Elsner). As with the traditional polonaise, Chopin's works are in triple time and typically display a martial rhythm in their melodies, accompaniments and cadences. Unlike most of their precursors, they also require a formidable playing technique.

Q1: What time are Chopin's polonaises written in?
A1: triple time
Q2: Chopin's ability to create an advanced polonasises surpassed even two of his teachers, Zywny and who?
A2: Elsner
Q3: Chopin's polonaise often have what kind of rhythm in their melodies?
A3: martial
Q4: Chopin's polonaises needed what kind of playing technique?
A4: formidable
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

Chopin's public popularity as a virtuoso began to wane, as did the number of his pupils, and this, together with the political strife and instability of the time, caused him to struggle financially. In February 1848, with the cellist Auguste Franchomme, he gave his last Paris concert, which included three movements of the Cello Sonata Op. 65.

Q1: In what month and year did Chopin give his final performance?
A1: February 1848
Q2: With whom did Chopin perform his final concert?
A2: Auguste Franchomme
Q3: When did Chopin last perform?
A3: February 1848
Q4: Who did Chopin last perform with?
A4: Auguste Franchomme
Q5: Plitical strife, popularity decline, instability of era and fewer students caused Chopin to what?
A5: struggle financially.
Q6: Who did Chopin have at his last Parisian concert in 1848?
A6: Auguste Franchomme
Q7: What instrument did Auguste Franchomme play?
A7: Cello
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works. Liszt later transcribed for piano six of Chopin's Polish songs. A less fraught friendship was with Alkan, with whom he discussed elements of folk music, and who was deeply affected by Chopin's death.

Q1: In what suite did Schumann name a work for Chopin?
A1: Carnaval
Q2: What piece of Chopin's work was dedicated to Schumann? 
A2: Ballade No. 2 in F major
Q3: How many of Chopin's Polish songs did Liszt transliterate for piano?
A3: six
Q4: With who did Chopin feel comfortable speaking of folk music with?
A4: Alkan
Q5: What was recognized about Chopin from his musical peers?
A5: qualities as a pianist and composer
Q6: What Schumann suite contained the name of a piece Schumann named for Chopin?
A6: Carnaval
Q7: What piece did Chopin dedicate to Schumann?
A7: Ballade No. 2 in F major
Q8: What other musician shows to have elements of Chopin in his work?
A8: Liszt
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

Chopin's relations with Sand were soured in 1846 by problems involving her daughter Solange and Solange's fiancé, the young fortune-hunting sculptor Auguste Clésinger. The composer frequently took Solange's side in quarrels with her mother; he also faced jealousy from Sand's son Maurice. Chopin was utterly indifferent to Sand's radical political pursuits, while Sand looked on his society friends with disdain. As the composer's illness progressed, Sand had become less of a lover and more of a nurse to Chopin, whom she called her "third child". In letters to third parties, she vented her impatience, referring to him as a "child," a "little angel", a "sufferer" and a "beloved little corpse." In 1847 Sand published her novel Lucrezia Floriani, whose main characters—a rich actress and a prince in weak health—could be interpreted as Sand and Chopin; the story was uncomplimentary to Chopin, who could not have missed the allusions as he helped Sand correct the printer's galleys. In 1847 he did not visit Nohant, and he quietly ended their ten-year relationship following an angry correspondence which, in Sand's words, made "a strange conclusion to nine years of exclusive friendship." The two would never meet again.

Q1: What was the name of Sand's daughter's fiance that contributed to deteriorating the relationship between Sand and Chopin?
A1: Auguste Clésinger
Q2: What was the interest Sand had that Chopin showed apathy towards?
A2: radical political pursuits
Q3: What did Sand begin referring to Chopin as as his illness got worse?
A3: third child
Q4: What was the name of Sand's novel she published in reference to her situation with Chopin?
A4: Lucrezia Floriani
Q5: In what year did Chopin and Sand ultimately bring their relationship to a close?
A5: 1847
Q6: When did Chopin's relationship with Sand start to deteriorate?
A6: 1846
Q7: Whom did Sand's daughter Solange become engaged to?
A7: Auguste Clésinger
Q8: What novel did Sand write in 1847?
A8: Lucrezia Floriani
Q9: Who was the fortune hunter engaged to Sand's daughter?
A9: Auguste Clésinger.
Q10: What role did Sand take on as her relationship with Chopin progressed?
A10: nurse
Q11: What was the name of Sand's book where the main characters can be interpreted as Sand and Chopin?
A11: Lucrezia Floriani
Q12: When did Chopin end his relationship with Sand?
A12: 1847
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

Chopin's successes as a composer and performer opened the door to western Europe for him, and on 2 November 1830, he set out, in the words of Zdzisław Jachimecki, "into the wide world, with no very clearly defined aim, forever." With Woyciechowski, he headed for Austria, intending to go on to Italy. Later that month, in Warsaw, the November 1830 Uprising broke out, and Woyciechowski returned to Poland to enlist. Chopin, now alone in Vienna, was nostalgic for his homeland, and wrote to a friend, "I curse the moment of my departure." When in September 1831 he learned, while travelling from Vienna to Paris, that the uprising had been crushed, he expressed his anguish in the pages of his private journal: "Oh God! ... You are there, and yet you do not take vengeance!" Jachimecki ascribes to these events the composer's maturing "into an inspired national bard who intuited the past, present and future of his native Poland."

Q1: On what date did Frédéric begin his journey into Western Europe?
A1: 2 November 1830
Q2: Which country did Frédéric go to first after setting out for Western Europe?
A2: Austria
Q3: In what year did his companion Woyciechowski depart to Poland to enlist for the uprising in Warsaw?
A3: 1830
Q4: What historian commented that the events involving Frédéric's friend in Poland contributed to his maturing?
A4: Zdzisław Jachimecki
Q5: Who said that Chopin set out "into the wide world, with no very clearly defined aim, forever?"
A5: Zdzisław Jachimecki
Q6: Who did Chopin leave for Austria with?
A6: Woyciechowski
Q7: Where did Chopin intend to go after Austria?
A7: Italy
Q8: Woyciechowski left Chopin to enlist in what?
A8: the November 1830 Uprising
Q9: What geographicla region was opened for Chopin due to his composing and performances?
A9: western Europe
Q10: When Chopin started to take his music to the world, what is the last name of the person who went with him to Austria?
A10: Woyciechowski
Q11: What year did the uprising begin in Warsaw?
A11: 1830
Q12: What were the words Chopin wrote to a friend when he was alone and homesick?
A12: "I curse the moment of my departure."
Q13: What year did Chopin learn that the uprising in Warsaw was crushed?
A13: 1831
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

Chopin's tombstone, featuring the muse of music, Euterpe, weeping over a broken lyre, was designed and sculpted by Clésinger. The expenses of the funeral and monument, amounting to 5,000 francs, were covered by Jane Stirling, who also paid for the return of the composer's sister Ludwika to Warsaw. Ludwika took Chopin's heart in an urn, preserved in alcohol, back to Poland in 1850.[n 9] She also took a collection of two hundred letters from Sand to Chopin; after 1851 these were returned to Sand, who seems to have destroyed them.

Q1: Who sculpted Chopin's tombstone?
A1: Clésinger
Q2: What is the name of the muse carved on Chopin's tombstone?
A2: Euterpe
Q3: How much did Chopin's funeral cost?
A3: 5,000 francs
Q4: Who paid for Chopin's funeral?
A4: Jane Stirling
Q5: Chopin's sister Ludwika took his heart back to Warsaw preserved in what?
A5: alcohol
Q6: Who designed Chopin's tombstone?
A6: Clésinger.
Q7: How much did Chopin's funeral and monument cost?
A7: 5,000 francs
Q8: Who paid for Chopin's funeral?
A8: Jane Stirling
Q9: Who took Chopin's heart to Poland?
A9: sister
Q10: Who ended up with the 200 letters from Sand to Chopin?
A10: Sand
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

Chopin's études are largely in straightforward ternary form. He used them to teach his own technique of piano playing—for instance playing double thirds (Op. 25, No. 6), playing in octaves (Op. 25, No. 10), and playing repeated notes (Op. 10, No.  7).

Q1: What pieces of his did Chopin use to teach his technique?
A1: études
Q2: What form are most of Chopin's études in?
A2: straightforward ternary
Q3: Chopin often taught his piano technique using what form of music he wrote?
A3: études