LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Cubism (Art and architecture)

In contrast, the Salon Cubists built their reputation primarily by exhibiting regularly at the Salon d'Automne and the Salon des Indépendants, both major non-academic Salons in Paris. They were inevitably more aware of public response and the need to communicate. Already in 1910 a group began to form which included Metzinger, Gleizes, Delaunay and Léger. They met regularly at Henri le Fauconnier's studio near the Boulevard de Montparnasse. These soirées often included writers such as Guillaume Apollinaire and André Salmon. Together with other young artists, the group wanted to emphasise a research into form, in opposition to the Neo-Impressionist emphasis on color.

Q1: Which four people usually met at Fauconnier's studio in 1910?
A1: Metzinger, Gleizes, Delaunay and Léger
Q2: Where was Fauconnier's studio located? 
A2: Boulevard de Montparnasse
Q3: What did the group meeting at Fauconnier's studio want to focus on?
A3: research into form, in opposition to the Neo-Impressionist emphasis on color.
Mexico_City (Geography and places)

In contrast, the boroughs of Xochimilco (172th), Tláhuac (177th) and Iztapalapa (183th) presented the lowest HDI values of the Federal District with values of .8481, .8473 and .8464 respectively—values still in the global high-HDI range. The only borough that did not present a high HDI was that of rural Milpa Alta which presented a "medium" HDI of .7984, far below all other boroughs (627th nationally while the rest stood in the top 200). Mexico City's HDI for the 2005 report was of .9012 (very high), and its 2010 value of .9225 (very high) or (by newer methodology) .8307, and Mexico's highest.

Q1: What borough had the lowest HDI score in the federal district?
A1: Iztapalapa
Q2: Which borough had the lowest HDI score?
A2: Milpa Alta
Q3: What rank was Milpa Alta nationally in terms of HDI score?
A3: 627th
Q4: All boroughs except for Milpa Alta were in what ranking of HDI score?
A4: top 200
Q5: What score did Milpa Alta get on the HDI test?
A5: .7984
Police (Social sciences and society)

In contrast, the police are entitled to protect private rights in some jurisdictions. To ensure that the police would not interfere in the regular competencies of the courts of law, some police acts require that the police may only interfere in such cases where protection from courts cannot be obtained in time, and where, without interference of the police, the realization of the private right would be impeded. This would, for example, allow police to establish a restaurant guest's identity and forward it to the innkeeper in a case where the guest cannot pay the bill at nighttime because his wallet had just been stolen from the restaurant table.

Q1: Why do some police acts limit when police can interfere without court orders?
A1: To ensure that the police would not interfere in the regular competencies of the courts of law
Q2: What could be impeded without police interference?
A2: the realization of the private right
Q3: How could police help the owner when a restaurant guest doesn't pay because their wallet got stolen?
A3: establish a restaurant guest's identity and forward it to the innkeeper
Energy (Natural sciences)

In cosmology and astronomy the phenomena of stars, nova, supernova, quasars and gamma-ray bursts are the universe's highest-output energy transformations of matter. All stellar phenomena (including solar activity) are driven by various kinds of energy transformations. Energy in such transformations is either from gravitational collapse of matter (usually molecular hydrogen) into various classes of astronomical objects (stars, black holes, etc.), or from nuclear fusion (of lighter elements, primarily hydrogen). The nuclear fusion of hydrogen in the Sun also releases another store of potential energy which was created at the time of the Big Bang. At that time, according to theory, space expanded and the universe cooled too rapidly for hydrogen to completely fuse into heavier elements. This meant that hydrogen represents a store of potential energy that can be released by fusion. Such a fusion process is triggered by heat and pressure generated from gravitational collapse of hydrogen clouds when they produce stars, and some of the fusion energy is then transformed into sunlight.

Q1: What is driven by various kinds of energy transformations?
A1: stellar phenomena
Q2: What releases another store of potential energy which was created at the time of the Big Bang?
A2: nuclear fusion of hydrogen in the Sun
Q3: What theory states that space expanded and the universe cooled too rapidly for hydrogen to completely fuse into heavier elements?
A3: Big Bang
Q4: Hydrogen represents a store of potential energy that can be released by what?
A4: fusion
Institute_of_technology (Engineering and technology)

In countries like Iran, Finland, Malaysia, Portugal, Singapore or the United Kingdom, there is often a significant and confused distinction between polytechnics and universities. In the UK a binary system of higher education emerged consisting of universities (research orientation) and Polytechnics (engineering and applied science and professional practice orientation). Polytechnics offered university equivalent degrees from bachelor's, master's and PhD that were validated and governed at the national level by the independent UK Council for National Academic Awards. In 1992 UK Polytechnics were designated as universities which meant they could award their own degrees. The CNAA was disbanded. The UK's first polytechnic, the Royal Polytechnic Institution (now the University of Westminster) was founded in 1838 in Regent Street, London. In Ireland the term institute of technology is the more favored synonym of a regional technical college though the latter is the legally correct term; however, Dublin Institute of Technology is a university in all but name as it can confer degrees in accordance with law, Cork Institute of Technology and another of other Institutes of Technology have delegated authority from HETAC to make awards to and including master's degree level—Level 9 of the National Framework for Qualifications (NFQ)—for all areas of study and Doctorate level in a number of others.

Q1: In what year were polytechnics in the UK given the university designation?
A1: 1992
Q2: What is the name of the Royal Polytechnic Institution now?
A2: University of Westminster
Q3: What street is the University of Westminster on?
A3: Regent Street
Rule_of_law (History)

In countries such as China and Vietnam, the transition to a market economy has been a major factor in a move toward the rule of law, because a rule of law is important to foreign investors and to economic development. It remains unclear whether the rule of law in countries like China and Vietnam will be limited to commercial matters or will spill into other areas as well, and if so whether that spillover will enhance prospects for related values such as democracy and human rights. The rule of law in China has been widely discussed and debated by both legal scholars and politicians in China.

Q1: Which two Asian countries have started to adopt the rule of law?
A1: China and Vietnam
Q2: What has influenced China and Vietnam to conform to the rule of law?
A2: the transition to a market economy
Q3: Who is debating the reliance on the rule of law in China?
A3: legal scholars and politicians
Q4: To whom is the rule of law important to in China's trade deals?
A4: foreign investors
Q5: What values might adherence to the rule of law subsequently influence in China?
A5: democracy and human rights
Oklahoma (Geography and places)

In descending order of population, Oklahoma's largest cities in 2010 were: Oklahoma City (579,999, +14.6%), Tulsa (391,906, −0.3%), Norman (110,925, +15.9%), Broken Arrow (98,850, +32.0%), Lawton (96,867, +4.4%), Edmond (81,405, +19.2%), Moore (55,081, +33.9%), Midwest City (54,371, +0.5%), Enid (49,379, +5.0%), and Stillwater (45,688, +17.0%). Of the state's ten largest cities, three are outside the metropolitan areas of Oklahoma City and Tulsa, and only Lawton has a metropolitan statistical area of its own as designated by the United States Census Bureau, though the metropolitan statistical area of Fort Smith, Arkansas extends into the state.

Q1: What is Oklahoma's largest city?
A1: Oklahoma City
Q2: How much did Oklahoma City's population grow from 2000 to 2010?
A2: 14.6%
Q3: How many people lived in Lawton in 2010?
A3: 96,867
Q4: How many people lived in Stillwater in 2010?
A4: 45,688
Q5: What Arkansas city's metro area extends into Oklahoma?
A5: Fort Smith
Child_labour (Social sciences and society)

In developing countries, with high poverty and poor schooling opportunities, child labour is still prevalent. In 2010, sub-saharan Africa had the highest incidence rates of child labour, with several African nations witnessing over 50 percent of children aged 5–14 working. Worldwide agriculture is the largest employer of child labour. Vast majority of child labour is found in rural settings and informal urban economy; children are predominantly employed by their parents, rather than factories. Poverty and lack of schools are considered as the primary cause of child labour.

Q1: What year did sub-saharan Africa have the highest rates of child labour?
A1: 2010
Q2: What is the largest employer of child labour?
A2: agriculture
Q3: Who are children predominantly employed by?
A3: their parents
Q4: Lack of school and this are the primary causes of child labour
A4: Poverty
Wood (Natural sciences)

In diffuse-porous woods the pores are evenly sized so that the water conducting capability is scattered throughout the growth ring instead of being collected in a band or row. Examples of this kind of wood are alder, basswood,[citation needed] birch, buckeye, maple, willow,and the Populus species such as aspen, cottonwood and poplar. Some species, such as walnut and cherry, are on the border between the two classes, forming an intermediate group.[citation needed]

Q1: What kind of woods have pores that are uniformly sized?
A1: diffuse-porous
Q2: What species do aspen, cottonwood, and poplar trees belong to?
A2: Populus
Q3: With walnut, what's another tree in the intermediate group?
A3: cherry
Q4: What capability is spread through the growth ring in ring-porous species?
A4: water conducting
Q5: Is maple wood diffuse-porous or ring-porous?
A5: diffuse-porous
Wood (Natural sciences)

In diffuse-porous woods, as has been stated, the vessels or pores are even-sized, so that the water conducting capability is scattered throughout the ring instead of collected in the earlywood. The effect of rate of growth is, therefore, not the same as in the ring-porous woods, approaching more nearly the conditions in the conifers. In general it may be stated that such woods of medium growth afford stronger material than when very rapidly or very slowly grown. In many uses of wood, total strength is not the main consideration. If ease of working is prized, wood should be chosen with regard to its uniformity of texture and straightness of grain, which will in most cases occur when there is little contrast between the latewood of one season's growth and the earlywood of the next.

Q1: What kind of wood has all similarly sized vessels?
A1: diffuse-porous
Q2: What rate of growth in a tree will make the wood from it stronger than trees that grow very slowly or very quickly?
A2: medium
Q3: The capability of diffuse-porous woods to carry what substance is spread out in the growth ring?
A3: water
Q4: What division of trees are diffuse-porous woods more similar in growth rate to than ring-porous woods?
A4: conifers
Q5: Does uniformity of the texture and grain of wood usually result from much or little contrast between earlywood and latewood?
A5: little
Dog (Natural sciences)

In domestic dogs, sexual maturity begins to happen around age six to twelve months for both males and females, although this can be delayed until up to two years old for some large breeds. This is the time at which female dogs will have their first estrous cycle. They will experience subsequent estrous cycles biannually, during which the body prepares for pregnancy. At the peak of the cycle, females will come into estrus, being mentally and physically receptive to copulation. Because the ova survive and are capable of being fertilized for a week after ovulation, it is possible for a female to mate with more than one male.

Q1: How many times per year do female dogs go into heat?
A1: two
Q2: What does going into heat (estrous) prepare a female dog for?
A2: pregnancy.
Q3: Some larger breeds could take how long to become sexually mature?
A3: two years
Q4: What does a female dog experience at sexual maturity?
A4: first estrous cycle
Political_party (Social sciences and society)

In dominant-party systems, opposition parties are allowed, and there may be even a deeply established democratic tradition, but other parties are widely considered to have no real chance of gaining power. Sometimes, political, social and economic circumstances, and public opinion are the reason for others parties' failure. Sometimes, typically in countries with less of an established democratic tradition, it is possible the dominant party will remain in power by using patronage and sometimes by voting fraud. In the latter case, the definition between dominant and one-party system becomes rather blurred. Examples of dominant party systems include the People's Action Party in Singapore, the African National Congress in South Africa, the Cambodian People's Party in Cambodia, the Liberal Democratic Party in Japan, and the National Liberation Front in Algeria. One-party dominant system also existed in Mexico with the Institutional Revolutionary Party until the 1990s, in the southern United States with the Democratic Party from the late 19th century until the 1970s, in Indonesia with the Golkar from the early 1970s until 1998.

Q1: When are opposition parties allowed?
A1: In dominant-party systems
Q2: What are some of the reasons for a party's failure?
A2: political, social and economic circumstances, and public opinion
Q3: What are some ways a dominant party can stay in power?
A3: patronage and sometimes by voting fraud
Q4: What are some examples of dominant party systems?
A4: African National Congress in South Africa, the Cambodian People's Party in Cambodia
Q5: For how long did the dominant one-party system last in mexico?
A5: 1990s
Elevator (History)

In each case, cables are attached to a hitch plate on top of the cab or may be "underslung" below a cab, and then looped over the drive sheave to a counterweight attached to the opposite end of the cables which reduces the amount of power needed to move the cab. The counterweight is located in the hoist-way and rides a separate railway system; as the car goes up, the counterweight goes down, and vice versa. This action is powered by the traction machine which is directed by the controller, typically a relay logic or computerized device that directs starting, acceleration, deceleration and stopping of the elevator cab. The weight of the counterweight is typically equal to the weight of the elevator cab plus 40-50% of the capacity of the elevator. The grooves in the drive sheave are specially designed to prevent the cables from slipping. "Traction" is provided to the ropes by the grip of the grooves in the sheave, thereby the name. As the ropes age and the traction grooves wear, some traction is lost and the ropes must be replaced and the sheave repaired or replaced. Sheave and rope wear may be significantly reduced by ensuring that all ropes have equal tension, thus sharing the load evenly. Rope tension equalization may be achieved using a rope tension gauge, and is a simple way to extend the lifetime of the sheaves and ropes.

Q1: What reduces the amount of force needed to propel the cab?
A1: cables are attached to a hitch plate on top of the cab
Q2: Where will the counterweight be found?
A2: in the hoist-way
Q3: What guides the traction machine?
A3: the controller
Q4: The counterweight runs equal to the cab weight plus what percentage of the elevator capacity?
A4: 40-50%
Q5: Maintaining that the ropes all have equal tension may reduce what?
A5: Sheave and rope wear
Materialism (Philosophy and religion)

In early 12th-century al-Andalus, the Arabian philosopher, Ibn Tufail (Abubacer), wrote discussions on materialism in his philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus), while vaguely foreshadowing the idea of a historical materialism.

Q1: What is the name of the novel written by Ibn Tufail?
A1: Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus)
Seven_Years%27_War (History)

In early 1757, Frederick II again took the initiative by marching into the Kingdom of Bohemia, hoping to inflict a decisive defeat on Austrian forces. After winning the bloody Battle of Prague on 6 May 1757, in which both forces suffered major casualties, the Prussians forced the Austrians back into the fortifications of Prague. The Prussian army then laid siege to the city. Following the battle at Prague, Frederick took 5,000 troops from the siege at Prague and sent them to reinforce the 19,000-man army under the Duke of Brunswick-Bevern at Kolin in Bohemia. Austrian Marshal Daun arrived too late to participate in the battle of Prague, but picked up 16,000 men who had escaped from the battle. With this army he slowly moved to relieve Prague. The Prussian army was too weak to simultaneously besiege Prague and keep Daun away, and Frederick was forced to attack prepared positions. The resulting Battle of Kolin was a sharp defeat for Frederick, his first military defeat. His losses further forced him to lift the siege and withdraw from Bohemia altogether.

Q1: Where did the Austrians retreat in May of 1757?
A1: the fortifications of Prague
Q2: Who led the Prussian assault on Prague in 1757
A2: Frederick II
Q3: What were casualties like in the 1757 battle in Prague?
A3: both forces suffered major casualties
Q4: Why did Frederick reduce his manpower at Prague?
A4: Frederick took 5,000 troops from the siege at Prague and sent them to reinforce the 19,000-man army under the Duke of Brunswick-Bevern at Kolin in Bohemia
Q5: How did Austrian Marshall Daun reverse the situation at Prague?
A5: picked up 16,000 men who had escaped from the battle. With this army he slowly moved to relieve Prague.
Seven_Years%27_War (History)

In early 1758, Frederick launched an invasion of Moravia, and laid siege to Olmütz (now Olomouc, Czech Republic). Following an Austrian victory at the Battle of Domstadtl that wiped out a supply convoy destined for Olmütz, Frederick broke off the siege and withdrew from Moravia. It marked the end of his final attempt to launch a major invasion of Austrian territory. East Prussia had been occupied by Russian forces over the winter and would remain under their control until 1762, although Frederick did not see the Russians as an immediate threat and instead entertained hopes of first fighting a decisive battle against Austria that would knock them out of the war.

Q1: Where did Frederick invade in 1758
A1: Frederick launched an invasion of Moravia
Q2: What city did Frederick lay siege to?
A2: Olmütz
Q3: What turned the battle for Olmutz against Frederick?
A3: Austrian victory at the Battle of Domstadtl that wiped out a supply convoy destined for Olmütz,
Q4: How did Frederick respond to the loss of a supply convoy?
A4: Frederick broke off the siege and withdrew from Moravia.
Pacific_War (History)

In early 1942, the governments of smaller powers began to push for an inter-governmental Asia-Pacific war council, based in Washington, D.C.. A council was established in London, with a subsidiary body in Washington. However, the smaller powers continued to push for an American-based body. The Pacific War Council was formed in Washington, on 1 April 1942, with President Franklin D. Roosevelt, his key advisor Harry Hopkins, and representatives from Britain, China, Australia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and Canada. Representatives from India and the Philippines were later added. The council never had any direct operational control, and any decisions it made were referred to the U.S.-UK Combined Chiefs of Staff, which was also in Washington. Allied resistance, at first symbolic, gradually began to stiffen. Australian and Dutch forces led civilians in a prolonged guerilla campaign in Portuguese Timor.

Q1: When was the Pacific War Council formed in Washingto D.C.?
A1: 1 April 1942
Q2: What American president was a member of the Pacific War Council?
A2: President Franklin D. Roosevelt
Q3: Who was President Roosevelt's key advisor?
A3: Harry Hopkins
Q4: Where was the U.S.-UK Combined Chiefs of Staff located?
A4: Washington
Q5: Where was the Australian and Dutch guerilla campaign led?
A5: Portuguese Timor
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser (History)

In early 1962 Nasser again attempted to wrest control of the military command from Amer. Amer responded by directly confronting Nasser for the first time and secretly rallying his loyalist officers. Nasser ultimately backed down, wary of a possible violent confrontation between the military and his civilian government. According to Boghdadi, the stress caused by the UAR's collapse and Amer's increasing autonomy forced Nasser, who already had diabetes, to practically live on painkillers from then on.

Q1: From whom did Nasser want to seize control of Egypt's military?
A1: Amer
Q2: Who blinked in the confrontation between Nasser and Amer?
A2: Nasser
Q3: How did Amer respond to Nasser's attempts to marginalize him?
A3: directly confronting Nasser
Q4: How did Nasser deal with the stress of the UAR's collapse and Amer's intransigence?
A4: painkillers
Q5: From what chronic illness was Nasser suffering?
A5: diabetes
Black_people (Language and literature)

In early 1991, non-Arabs of the Zaghawa tribe of Sudan attested that they were victims of an intensifying Arab apartheid campaign, segregating Arabs and non-Arabs (specifically people of sub-Saharan African descent). Sudanese Arabs, who controlled the government, were widely referred to as practicing apartheid against Sudan's non-Arab citizens. The government was accused of "deftly manipulat(ing) Arab solidarity" to carry out policies of apartheid and ethnic cleansing.

Q1: When did the Arab apartheid intensify? 
A1: early 1991
Q2: Who felt persecuted due to the apartheid?
A2: non-Arabs of the Zaghawa tribe
Q3: Where did these people live?
A3: Sudan
Q4: Who controlled the government?
A4: Sudanese Arabs
Q5: What was the government being accused of?
A5: deftly manipulat(ing) Arab solidarity" to carry out policies of apartheid and ethnic cleansing.
Macintosh (Engineering and technology)

In early 2001, Apple began shipping computers with CD-RW drives and emphasized the Mac's ability to play DVDs by including DVD-ROM and DVD-RAM drives as standard. Steve Jobs admitted that Apple had been "late to the party" on writable CD technology, but felt that Macs could become a "digital hub" that linked and enabled an "emerging digital lifestyle". Apple would later introduce an update to its iTunes music player software that enabled it to burn CDs, along with a controversial "Rip, Mix, Burn" advertising campaign that some felt encouraged media piracy. This accompanied the release of the iPod, Apple's first successful handheld device. Apple continued to launch products, such as the unsuccessful Power Mac G4 Cube, the education-oriented eMac, and the titanium (and later aluminium) PowerBook G4 laptop for professionals.

Q1: When did Apple begin shipping computers with CD-RW drives?
A1: early 2001
Q2: What did Apple begin offering as standard features meant for playing DVD's?
A2: DVD-ROM and DVD-RAM drives
Q3: Who admitted that Apple was late to the party with writable CD technology?
A3: Steve Jobs
Q4: Which Apple campaign did some people feel encouraged media piracy?
A4: "Rip, Mix, Burn"
Q5: What is the name of one of Apple's unsuccessful products?
A5: Power Mac G4 Cube