LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States (Social sciences and society)

In 1976, a group of Italian American professors at City University of New York asked to be added as an affirmative action category for promotion and hiring. Italian Americans are usually considered white in the US and would not be covered under affirmative action policies, but the professors believed they were underrepresented. Libertarian economist Thomas Sowell wrote in his book, Affirmative Action Around the World: An Empirical Study, that affirmative action policies encourage non-preferred groups to designate themselves as members of preferred groups [i.e., primary beneficiaries of affirmative action] to take advantage of group preference policies.

Q1: Where were the Italian American professors employed that asked to be added as an affirmative action category?
A1: City University of New York
Q2: Which year did the Italian American Professors make their request?
A2: 1976
Q3: What category of race do Italian Americans normally fall under?
A3: white
Q4: What was the title of the book written by Thomas Sowell?
A4: Affirmative Action Around the World: An Empirical Study
Q5: Why would Italian Americans want to get themselves designated as members of a preferred group?
A5: to take advantage of group preference policies
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States (History)

In 1976, contemporaneously with Woodson and Roberts, the Court decided Gregg v. Georgia and upheld a procedure in which the trial of capital crimes was bifurcated into guilt-innocence and sentencing phases. At the first proceeding, the jury decides the defendant's guilt; if the defendant is innocent or otherwise not convicted of first-degree murder, the death penalty will not be imposed. At the second hearing, the jury determines whether certain statutory aggravating factors exist, whether any mitigating factors exist, and, in many jurisdictions, weigh the aggravating and mitigating factors in assessing the ultimate penalty – either death or life in prison, either with or without parole.

Q1: In what year was Gregg v. Georgia decided?
A1: 1976
Q2: Along with the guilt-innocence phase, what is the other phase of a death penalty trial under Gregg v. Georgia?
A2: sentencing
Q3: What is the only conviction that can lead to the death penalty?
A3: first-degree murder
Q4: Along with aggravating factors, what other factors are considered at the second hearing?
A4: mitigating
Q5: What is decided at the first proceeding?
A5: the defendant's guilt
Elizabeth_II (History)

In 1977, Elizabeth marked the Silver Jubilee of her accession. Parties and events took place throughout the Commonwealth, many coinciding with her associated national and Commonwealth tours. The celebrations re-affirmed the Queen's popularity, despite virtually coincident negative press coverage of Princess Margaret's separation from her husband. In 1978, the Queen endured a state visit to the United Kingdom by Romania's communist dictator, Nicolae Ceaușescu, and his wife, Elena, though privately she thought they had "blood on their hands". The following year brought two blows: one was the unmasking of Anthony Blunt, former Surveyor of the Queen's Pictures, as a communist spy; the other was the assassination of her relative and in-law Lord Mountbatten by the Provisional Irish Republican Army.

Q1: What Jubilee did Elizabeth celebrate in 1977?
A1: Silver
Q2: When did Princess Margaret separate from her husband?
A2: 1977
Q3: In what year did Nicolae Ceausescu visit the UK?
A3: 1978
Q4: Who, in 1979, was discovered to be a communist spy?
A4: Anthony Blunt
Q5: What group assassinated Lord Mountbatten?
A5: Provisional Irish Republican Army
Muammar_Gaddafi (History)

In 1977, Gaddafi dissolved the Republic and created a new socialist state, the Jamahiriya ("state of the masses"). Officially adopting a symbolic role in governance, he retained power as military commander-in-chief and head of the Revolutionary Committees responsible for policing and suppressing opponents. Overseeing unsuccessful border conflicts with Egypt and Chad, Gaddafi's support for foreign militants and alleged responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing led to Libya's label of "international pariah". A particularly hostile relationship developed with the United States and United Kingdom, resulting in the 1986 U.S. bombing of Libya and United Nations-imposed economic sanctions. Rejecting his earlier ideological commitments, from 1999 Gaddafi encouraged economic privatization and sought rapprochement with Western nations, also embracing Pan-Africanism and helping to establish the African Union. Amid the Arab Spring, in 2011 an anti-Gaddafist uprising led by the National Transitional Council (NTC) broke out, resulting in the Libyan Civil War. NATO intervened militarily on the side of the NTC, bringing about the government's downfall. Retreating to Sirte, Gaddafi was captured and killed by NTC militants.

Q1: What does "Jamahiriya" mean?
A1: state of the masses
Q2: What was Gaddafi's role in jamahiriya?
A2: he retained power as military commander-in-chief and head of the Revolutionary Committees responsible for policing and suppressing opponents
Q3: List two reasons why Libya become an "international pariah."
A3: Overseeing unsuccessful border conflicts with Egypt and Chad, Gaddafi's support for foreign militants and alleged responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing
Q4: Name two significant events in 1986 that demonstrated the world's view of Libya.
A4: U.S. bombing of Libya and United Nations-imposed economic sanctions
Q5: What was Libya's socialist government called?
A5: Jamahiriya ("state of the masses")
Q6: Why did Libya become an "international pariah"?
A6: Gaddafi's support for foreign militants and alleged responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing
Q7: How did the world respond to Libya in 1986?
A7: U.S. bombing of Libya and United Nations-imposed economic sanctions.
Q8: How did Gaddafi lose power?
A8: an anti-Gaddafist uprising led by the National Transitional Council (NTC) broke out, resulting in the Libyan Civil War
Q9: How did Gaddafi die?
A9: Retreating to Sirte, Gaddafi was captured and killed by NTC militants.
Q10: What does the term Jamahiriya mean in English?
A10: state of the masses
Q11: In what year did Gaddafi found the Jamahiriya?
A11: 1977
Q12: Along with Egypt, what nation did Libya have border issues with in this era?
A12: Chad
Q13: What terrorist bombing was Gaddafi's Libya supposedly involved in?
A13: Lockerbie
Q14: In what year did the United states bomb Libya?
A14: 1986
Friedrich_Hayek (Social sciences and society)

In 1977, Hayek was critical of the Lib-Lab pact, in which the British Liberal Party agreed to keep the British Labour government in office. Writing to The Times, Hayek said, "May one who has devoted a large part of his life to the study of the history and the principles of liberalism point out that a party that keeps a socialist government in power has lost all title to the name 'Liberal'. Certainly no liberal can in future vote 'Liberal'". Hayek was criticised by Liberal politicians Gladwyn Jebb and Andrew Phillips, who both claimed that the purpose of the pact was to discourage socialist legislation.

Q1: What was the name of the agreement Hayek criticized in 1977?
A1: Lib-Lab pact
Q2: What did some Liberal politicians claim the pact was meant to do?
A2: discourage socialist legislation
Q3: The agreement Hayek criticized was between the British Labour government and which political party?
A3: British Liberal Party
Q4: What did Hayek believe was lost in the continued empowerment of a socialist government?
A4: all title to the name 'Liberal'
Arnold_Schwarzenegger (Media and drama)

In 1977, Schwarzenegger's autobiography/weight-training guide Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder was published and became a huge success. After taking English classes at Santa Monica College in California, he earned a BA by correspondence from the University of Wisconsin–Superior, where he graduated with a degree in international marketing of fitness and business administration in 1979.

Q1: What's the title of Schwarzenegger's 1977 book?
A1: Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder
Q2: At what college did Schwarzenegger study but not receive his degree?
A2: Santa Monica College
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States (History)

In 1977, the Supreme Court's Coker v. Georgia decision barred the death penalty for rape of an adult woman, and implied that the death penalty was inappropriate for any offense against another person other than murder. Prior to the decision, the death penalty for rape of an adult had been gradually phased out in the United States, and at the time of the decision, the State of Georgia and the U.S. Federal government were the only two jurisdictions to still retain the death penalty for that offense. However, three states maintained the death penalty for child rape, as the Coker decision only imposed a ban on executions for the rape of an adult woman. In 2008, the Kennedy v. Louisiana decision barred the death penalty for child rape. The result of these two decisions means that the death penalty in the United States is largely restricted to cases where the defendant took the life of another human being. The current federal kidnapping statute, however, may be exempt because the death penalty applies if the victim dies in the perpetrator's custody, not necessarily by his hand, thus stipulating a resulting death, which was the wording of the objection. In addition, the Federal government retains the death penalty for non-murder offenses that are considered crimes against the state, including treason, espionage, and crimes under military jurisdiction.

Q1: In what year was Coker v. Georgia decided?
A1: 1977
Q2: For what offense did Coker v. Georgia forbid the death penalty?
A2: rape of an adult woman
Q3: Along with Georgia, what American jurisdiction allowed people to be executed for the rape of an adult prior to Coker?
A3: U.S. Federal government
Q4: What ruling forbid the government from executing child rapists?
A4: Kennedy v. Louisiana
Q5: Prior to Kennedy v. Louisiana, how many states criminalized child rape?
A5: three
Presbyterianism (History)

In 1977, two thirds of the Presbyterian Church of Australia, along with most of the Congregational Union of Australia and all the Methodist Church of Australasia, combined to form the Uniting Church in Australia. The third who did not unite had various reasons for so acting, often cultural attachment but often conservative theological or social views. The permission for the ordination of women given in 1974 was rescinded in 1991 without affecting the two or three existing woman ministers. The approval of women elders given in the 1960s has been rescinded in all states except New South Wales, which has the largest membership. The theology of the church is now generally conservative and Reformed. A number of small Presbyterian denominations have arisen since the 1950s through migration or schism.

Q1: In what year did the Presbyterian Church of Australia , the Congregational Union of Australia , and all the Methodist Church of Australasia merge?
A1: 1977
Q2: In what year was ordination of woman ministries recsinded?
A2: 1991
Q3: The approval of women elders which was given in 1960 has been rescinded in all of the Australian states except one, which state did not?
A3: New South Wales
Black_people (Language and literature)

In 1978 Aboriginal writer Kevin Gilbert received the National Book Council award for his book Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert, a collection of Aboriginal people's stories, and in 1998 was awarded (but refused to accept) the Human Rights Award for Literature for Inside Black Australia, a poetry anthology and exhibition of Aboriginal photography. In contrast to previous definitions based solely on the degree of Aboriginal ancestry, in 1990 the Government changed the legal definition of Aboriginal to include any:

Q1: Who wrote "Living Black?
A1: Kevin Gilbert
Q2: What year was Gilbert awarded for his efforts?
A2: 1978
Q3: What was Living Black about?
A3: a collection of Aboriginal people's stories
Q4: What award did Gilbert refuse in 1998?
A4: the Human Rights Award for Literature
Q5: What was the award in 1998 for?
A5: Inside Black Australia
Friedrich_Hayek (Social sciences and society)

In 1978, Hayek came into conflict with the Liberal Party leader, David Steel, who claimed that liberty was possible only with "social justice and an equitable distribution of wealth and power, which in turn require a degree of active government intervention" and that the Conservative Party were more concerned with the connection between liberty and private enterprise than between liberty and democracy. Hayek claimed that a limited democracy might be better than other forms of limited government at protecting liberty but that an unlimited democracy was worse than other forms of unlimited government because "its government loses the power even to do what it thinks right if any group on which its majority depends thinks otherwise".

Q1: Which party was criticized for being less concerned about liberty and democracy?
A1: the Conservative Party
Q2: With which political group was David Steel affiliated?
A2: Liberal Party
Q3: Who disagreed with David Steel's statements in 1978
A3: Hayek
Q4: Which type of government was more favorable than others according to Hayek?
A4: limited democracy
Q5: Hayek believed that which type of democracy was the worst of its alternatives?
A5: unlimited
Marvel_Comics (Geography and places)

In 1978, Jim Shooter became Marvel's editor-in-chief. Although a controversial personality, Shooter cured many of the procedural ills at Marvel, including repeatedly missed deadlines. During Shooter's nine-year tenure as editor-in-chief, Chris Claremont and John Byrne's run on the Uncanny X-Men and Frank Miller's run on Daredevil became critical and commercial successes. Shooter brought Marvel into the rapidly evolving direct market, institutionalized creator royalties, starting with the Epic Comics imprint for creator-owned material in 1982; introduced company-wide crossover story arcs with Contest of Champions and Secret Wars; and in 1986 launched the ultimately unsuccessful New Universe line to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the Marvel Comics imprint. Star Comics, a children-oriented line differing from the regular Marvel titles, was briefly successful during this period.

Q1: Who took over as head of Marvel in 1978?
A1: Jim Shooter
Q2: What is an example of a bad practice eliminated under Shooter's regime at Marvel?
A2: repeatedly missed deadlines
Q3: What noted artist and writer made brought Daredevil to the forefront during the 1980s?
A3: Frank Miller
Q4: What team of artist and writer helped popularize the Uncanny X-Men line of comics in the 1980s?
A4: Chris Claremont and John Byrne
Q5: Secret Wars was an early example of what Marvel comics story trope?
A5: crossover story arcs
FC_Barcelona (Sports and recreation)

In 1978, Josep Lluís Núñez became the first elected president of FC Barcelona, and, since then, the members of Barcelona have elected the club president. The process of electing a president of FC Barcelona was closely tied to Spain's transition to democracy in 1974 and the end of Franco's dictatorship. The new president's main objective was to develop Barcelona into a world-class club by giving it stability both on and off the pitch. His presidency was to last for 22 years, and it deeply affected the image of Barcelona, as Núñez held to a strict policy regarding wages and discipline, letting go of such players as Maradona, Romário and Ronaldo rather than meeting their demands.

Q1: Who was the first elected president of the Barcelona club?
A1: Josep Lluís Núñez
Q2: When was Nunez elected as president of FC Barcelona?
A2: 1978
Q3: What group elects the club president?
A3: members of Barcelona
Q4: How long was Nunez president of Barcelona?
A4: 22 years
Q5: What was Nunez known to be strict about?
A5: wages and discipline
Queen_(band) (Music)

In 1978, Queen toured the US and Canada, and spent much of 1979 touring in Europe and Japan. They released their first live album, Live Killers, in 1979; it went platinum twice in the US. Queen also released the very successful single "Crazy Little Thing Called Love", a rockabilly inspired song done in the style of Elvis Presley. The song made the top 10 in many countries, topped the Australian ARIA Charts for seven consecutive weeks, and was the band's first number one single in the United States where it topped the Billboard Hot 100 for four weeks. Having written the song on guitar and played rhythm on the record, Mercury played rhythm guitar while performing the song live, which was the first time he ever played guitar in concert. In December 1979, Queen played the opening night at the Concert for the People of Kampuchea in London, having accepted a request by the event's organiser Paul McCartney.

Q1: Who organized the Concert for the People of Kampuchea?
A1: Paul McCartney
Q2: In what year was Queen's Live Killers released?
A2: 1979
Q3: How many times platinum did Queen's Live Killers go in the US?
A3: twice
Q4: Queen's Crazy Little Thing Called Love was an ode to which singer?
A4: Elvis Presley
Q5: In what year did Queen play the Concert for the People of Kampuchea?
A5: 1979
Race_(human_categorization) (Natural sciences)

In 1978, Sewall Wright suggested that human populations that have long inhabited separated parts of the world should, in general, be considered different subspecies by the usual criterion that most individuals of such populations can be allocated correctly by inspection. Wright argued that it does not require a trained anthropologist to classify an array of Englishmen, West Africans, and Chinese with 100% accuracy by features, skin color, and type of hair despite so much variability within each of these groups that every individual can easily be distinguished from every other. However, it is customary to use the term race rather than subspecies for the major subdivisions of the human species as well as for minor ones.

Q1: When did Sewall Wright make his suggestion about human populations?
A1: 1978
Q2: How should populations long inhabiting separate parts of the world be considered?
A2: different subspecies
Q3: What is required to allocate individuals in subspecies populations correctly?
A3: inspection
Q4: What did Wright feel it wouldn't take an anthropologist to easily distinguish between of in groups?
A4: individual
Q5: What term is it customary to use instead of subspecies?
A5: race
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

In 1978, she dropped out of college and relocated to New York City. She had little money and worked as a waitress at Dunkin' Donuts and with modern dance troupes, taking classes at the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater and eventually performing with Pear Lang Dance Theater. Madonna said of her move to New York, "It was the first time I'd ever taken a plane, the first time I'd ever gotten a taxi cab. I came here with $35 in my pocket. It was the bravest thing I'd ever done." She started to work as a backup dancer for other established artists. Madonna claimed that during a late night she was returning from a rehearsal, when a pair of men held her at knifepoint and forced her to perform fellatio. Madonna later commented that "the episode was a taste of my weakness, it showed me that I still could not save myself in spite of all the strong-girl show. I could never forget it."

Q1: When did Madonna drop out of college?
A1: 1978
Q2: Which restaurant did Madonna work in New York City?
A2: Dunkin' Donuts
Q3: Where did Madonna take dance classes at in New York City?
A3: Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater
Q4: How much did Madonna have when she first went to NYC?
A4: $35
Q5: What did she also work as for other established artists?
A5: backup dancer
Queen_(band) (Music)

In 1978, the band released Jazz, which reached number two in the UK and number six on the Billboard 200 in the US. The album included the hit singles "Fat Bottomed Girls" and "Bicycle Race" on a double-sided record. Queen rented Wimbledon Stadium for a day to shoot the video, with 65 naked female models hired to stage a nude bicycle race. Reviews of the album in recent years have been more favourable. Another notable track from Jazz, "Don't Stop Me Now", provides another example of the band's exuberant vocal harmonies.

Q1: In what year did Queen release the album Jazz?
A1: 1978
Q2: What number did Queen's Jazz reach on UK charts?
A2: two
Q3: What number did Queen's Jazz reach on the Billboard 200?
A3: six
Q4: What were the two hit singles off of Queen's album Jazz?
A4: "Fat Bottomed Girls" and "Bicycle Race"
Q5: Queen rented what venue for a music video in 1978?
A5: Wimbledon Stadium
High-definition_television (Engineering and technology)

In 1979, the Japanese state broadcaster NHK first developed consumer high-definition television with a 5:3 display aspect ratio. The system, known as Hi-Vision or MUSE after its Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding for encoding the signal, required about twice the bandwidth of the existing NTSC system but provided about four times the resolution (1080i/1125 lines). Satellite test broadcasts started in 1989, with regular testing starting in 1991 and regular broadcasting of BS-9ch commencing on November 25, 1994, which featured commercial and NHK programming.

Q1: In what year did NHK first develop consumer HD television with a 5:3 aspect ratio?
A1: 1979
Q2: Who first developed consumer HD television with a 5:3 aspect ratio?
A2: the Japanese state broadcaster NHK
Q3: When did satellite test broadcasts of Hi-Vision start?
A3: 1989
Q4: When did regular broadcasting of BS-9ch start?
A4: November 25, 1994
Q5: When did regular testing of Hi-Vision start?
A5: 1991
Muammar_Gaddafi (History)

In 1979, the U.S. placed Libya on its list of "State Sponsors of Terrorism", while at the end of the year a demonstration torched the U.S. embassy in Tripoli in solidarity with the perpetrators of the Iran hostage crisis. The following year, Libyan fighters began intercepting U.S. fighter jets flying over the Mediterranean, signalling the collapse of relations between the two countries. Libyan relations with Lebanon and Shi'ite communities across the world also deteriorated due to the August 1978 disappearance of imam Musa al-Sadr when visiting Libya; the Lebanese accused Gaddafi of having him killed or imprisoned, a charge he denied. Relations with Syria improved, as Gaddafi and Syrian President Hafez al-Assad shared an enmity with Israel and Egypt's Sadat. In 1980, they proposed a political union, with Libya paying off Syria's £1 billion debt to the Soviet Union; although pressures led Assad to pull out, they remained allies. Another key ally was Uganda, and in 1979, Gaddafi sent 2,500 troops into Uganda to defend the regime of President Idi Amin from Tanzanian invaders. The mission failed; 400 Libyans were killed and they were forced to retreat. Gaddafi later came to regret his alliance with Amin, openly criticising him.

Q1: What list did the United States add Libya to in 1979?
A1: State Sponsors of Terrorism
Q2: In what Libyan city was the United States embassy burned in 1979?
A2: Tripoli
Q3: What event prompted the burning of the US embassy in Libya?
A3: Iran hostage crisis
Q4: How much money did Syria owe to the Soviets as of 1980?
A4: £1 billion
Q5: What country's military was attacking Uganda in 1979?
A5: Tanzanian