LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Pub (History)

The Licensing Act 2003, which came into force on 24 November 2005, consolidated the many laws into a single Act. This allowed pubs in England and Wales to apply to the local council for the opening hours of their choice. It was argued that this would end the concentration of violence around 11.30 pm, when people had to leave the pub, making policing easier. In practice, alcohol-related hospital admissions rose following the change in the law, with alcohol involved in 207,800 admissions in 2006/7. Critics claimed that these laws would lead to "24-hour drinking". By the time the law came into effect, 60,326 establishments had applied for longer hours and 1,121 had applied for a licence to sell alcohol 24 hours a day. However nine months later many pubs had not changed their hours, although some stayed open longer at the weekend, but rarely beyond 1:00 am.

Q1: When did the Licensing Act 2003 come into effect?
A1: 24 November 2005
Q2: After the Licensing Act 2003, who determined the operating hours of pubs?
A2: the local council
Q3: Due to the traditional closing hours, when was there often violence outside of pubs?
A3: 11.30 pm
Q4: How many alcohol involved hospital admissions were there in 2006/7?
A4: 207,800
Q5: How many pubs applied to be allowed to sell alcohol 24 hours a day?
A5: 1,121
University_of_Notre_Dame (Geography and places)

The Lobund Institute grew out of pioneering research in germ-free-life which began in 1928. This area of research originated in a question posed by Pasteur as to whether animal life was possible without bacteria. Though others had taken up this idea, their research was short lived and inconclusive. Lobund was the first research organization to answer definitively, that such life is possible and that it can be prolonged through generations. But the objective was not merely to answer Pasteur's question but also to produce the germ free animal as a new tool for biological and medical research. This objective was reached and for years Lobund was a unique center for the study and production of germ free animals and for their use in biological and medical investigations. Today the work has spread to other universities. In the beginning it was under the Department of Biology and a program leading to the master's degree accompanied the research program. In the 1940s Lobund achieved independent status as a purely research organization and in 1950 was raised to the status of an Institute. In 1958 it was brought back into the Department of Biology as integral part of that department, but with its own program leading to the degree of PhD in Gnotobiotics.

Q1: Work on a germ-free-life ended up in the creation of which Notre Dame institute?
A1: The Lobund Institute
Q2: When did study of a germ-free-life begin at Notre Dame?
A2: 1928
Q3: Around what time did Lobund of Notre Dame become independent?
A3: the 1940s
Q4: In what year did Lobund at Notre Dame become an Institute?
A4: 1950
Q5: The Lobund Institute was merged into the Department of Biology at Notre Dame in what year?
A5: 1958
Avicenna (Language and literature)

The Logic and Metaphysics have been extensively reprinted, the latter, e.g., at Venice in 1493, 1495, and 1546. Some of his shorter essays on medicine, logic, etc., take a poetical form (the poem on logic was published by Schmoelders in 1836).[citation needed] Two encyclopaedic treatises, dealing with philosophy, are often mentioned. The larger, Al-Shifa' (Sanatio), exists nearly complete in manuscript in the Bodleian Library and elsewhere; part of it on the De Anima appeared at Pavia (1490) as the Liber Sextus Naturalium, and the long account of Ibn Sina's philosophy given by Muhammad al-Shahrastani seems to be mainly an analysis, and in many places a reproduction, of the Al-Shifa'. A shorter form of the work is known as the An-najat (Liberatio). The Latin editions of part of these works have been modified by the corrections which the monastic editors confess that they applied. There is also a حكمت مشرقيه (hikmat-al-mashriqqiyya, in Latin Philosophia Orientalis), mentioned by Roger Bacon, the majority of which is lost in antiquity, which according to Averroes was pantheistic in tone.

Q1: Who published Avicenna's poem on logic?
A1: Schmoelders
Q2: What is the name of Avicenna's larger encyclopedic treatise? 
A2: Al-Shifa'
Q3: Where is Avicenna's Al-Shifa manuscript located?
A3: the Bodleian Library
Q4: What is the shorter form of Al-Shifa called?
A4: the An-najat
Q5: What two subjects of Avicenna's have been reprinted extensively?
A5: Logic and Metaphysics
London (Geography and places)

The London Fire Brigade is the statutory fire and rescue service for Greater London. It is run by the London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority and is the third largest fire service in the world. National Health Service ambulance services are provided by the London Ambulance Service (LAS) NHS Trust, the largest free-at-the-point-of-use emergency ambulance service in the world. The London Air Ambulance charity operates in conjunction with the LAS where required. Her Majesty's Coastguard and the Royal National Lifeboat Institution operate on the River Thames, which is under the jurisdiction of the Port of London Authority from Teddington Lock to the sea.

Q1: What area of the River Thames does the Port of London Authority's jurisdiction cover?
A1: Teddington Lock to the sea
Q2: What agency provides fire fighting and rescue service in London?
A2: The London Fire Brigade
Q3: Who oversees and manages the London Fire Brigade?
A3: London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority
Q4: The world's largest "free-at-the-point-of-use" ambulance service is known as what?
A4: the London Ambulance Service (LAS) NHS Trust
Q5: What agency operates in conjunction with the LAS as needed?
A5: The London Air Ambulance charity
Pub (History)

The London Gazette of 17 March 1691 published a patent in favour of John Lofting for a fire engine, but remarked upon and recommended another invention of his, for a beer pump:

Q1: In what newspaper did John Lofting mention his beer pump?
A1: London Gazette
Q2: On what day was Lofting's fire engine patent published?
A2: 17 March 1691
London (Geography and places)

The London Natural History Society suggest that London is "one of the World's Greenest Cities" with more than 40 percent green space or open water. They indicate that 2000 species of flowering plant have been found growing there and that the tidal Thames supports 120 species of fish. They also state that over 60 species of bird nest in central London and that their members have recorded 47 species of butterfly, 1173 moths and more than 270 kinds of spider around London. London's wetland areas support nationally important populations of many water birds. London has 38 Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs), two National Nature Reserves and 76 Local Nature Reserves.

Q1: How many different species of plant life are known to grow in London?
A1: 2000
Q2: How many National Nature Reserves exist in the London area?
A2: two
Q3: Green space and open water comprises what percent of London?
A3: more than 40 percent
Q4: How many species of fish live in the River Thames?
A4: 120
Q5: The London Natural History Society has document how many species of butterfly?
A5: 47
Railway_electrification_system (Engineering and technology)

The London Underground in England is one of the few networks that uses a four-rail system. The additional rail carries the electrical return that, on third rail and overhead networks, is provided by the running rails. On the London Underground, a top-contact third rail is beside the track, energized at +420v DC, and a top-contact fourth rail is located centrally between the running rails at −210v DC, which combine to provide a traction voltage of 630v DC. London Underground is now upgrading its fourth rail system to 750v DC with a positive conductor rail energised to +500v DC and a negative conductor rail energised to -250v DC. However, many older sections in tunnels are still energised to 630v DC. The same system was used for Milan's earliest underground line, Milan Metro's line 1, whose more recent lines use an overhead catenary or a third rail.

Q1: What type of system does London Underground use?
A1: four-rail system
Q2: What is the purpose of the forth rail?
A2: carries the electrical return
Q3: What is the volatage surge of the third rail of London Underground system?
A3: +420v DC
Q4: What is the voltage of the return rail?
A4: −210v DC
Q5: Where was the system similar to London Underground used as well?
A5: Milan
2008_Sichuan_earthquake (Natural sciences)

The Longmen Shan Fault System is situated in the eastern border of the Tibetan Plateau and contains several faults. This earthquake ruptured at least two imbricate structures in Longmen Shan Fault System, i.e. the Beichuan Fault and the Guanxian–Anxian Fault. In the epicentral area, the average slip in Beichuan Fault was about 3.5 metres (11 ft) vertical, 3.5 metres (11 ft) horizontal-parallel to the fault, and 4.8 metres (16 ft) horizontal-perpendicular to the fault. In the area about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of the epicenter, the surface slip on Beichuan Fault was almost purely dextral strike-slip up to about 3 metres (9.8 ft), while the average slip in Guanxian–Anxian Fault was about 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) vertical and 2.3 metres (7 ft 7 in) horizontal.

Q1: Where is the Longmenshan Fault located?
A1: the eastern border of the Tibetan Plateau
Q2: What is the average slip in the Beichuan Fault?
A2: 3.5 metres
Q3: How large was the slip 30 km northeast of the fault?
A3: 3 metres
Q4: What was the vertical average slip on the Guanxian-Anxian fault?
A4: 2 metres
Q5: What was the horizontal average slip on the Guanxian-Anxian fault?
A5: 2.3 metres
Q6: Where is the Longmen shan fault located?
A6: Tibetan Plateau
Q7: Where are the Beichuan and Guanxian-Anxian Faults?
A7: Longmen Shan Fault System
Q8: What was the average vertical slip in the Beichaun Fault?
A8: 3.5 metres
Q9: What was the horizontal slippage in the Beichuan Fault at the epicenter?
A9: 3.5 metres
Q10: What was the horizontal slippage perpendicular to the fault?
A10: 4.8 metres
Boston (Geography and places)

The Longwood Medical and Academic Area, adjacent to the Fenway district, is home to a large number of medical and research facilities, including Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Children's Hospital Boston, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Joslin Diabetes Center, and the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences. Prominent medical facilities, including Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital are located in the Beacon Hill area. St. Elizabeth's Medical Center is in Brighton Center of the city's Brighton neighborhood. New England Baptist Hospital is in Mission Hill. The city has Veterans Affairs medical centers in the Jamaica Plain and West Roxbury neighborhoods. The Boston Public Health Commission, an agency of the Massachusetts government, oversees health concerns for city residents. Boston EMS provides pre-hospital emergency medical services to residents and visitors.

Q1: What is the Longwood medical and Academic Area located next to?
A1: the Fenway district
Q2: Where is Massachusetts General Hospital located?
A2: the Beacon Hill area
Q3: Where is St. Elizabeths medical center located?
A3: Brighton Center
Q4: What agency oversees health concerns for city residents?
A4: The Boston Public Health Commission
Animal (Natural sciences)

The Lophotrochozoa, evolved within Protostomia, include two of the most successful animal phyla, the Mollusca and Annelida. The former, which is the second-largest animal phylum by number of described species, includes animals such as snails, clams, and squids, and the latter comprises the segmented worms, such as earthworms and leeches. These two groups have long been considered close relatives because of the common presence of trochophore larvae, but the annelids were considered closer to the arthropods because they are both segmented. Now, this is generally considered convergent evolution, owing to many morphological and genetic differences between the two phyla. The Lophotrochozoa also include the Nemertea or ribbon worms, the Sipuncula, and several phyla that have a ring of ciliated tentacles around the mouth, called a lophophore. These were traditionally grouped together as the lophophorates. but it now appears that the lophophorate group may be paraphyletic, with some closer to the nemerteans and some to the molluscs and annelids. They include the Brachiopoda or lamp shells, which are prominent in the fossil record, the Entoprocta, the Phoronida, and possibly the Bryozoa or moss animals.

Q1: What are two of the most successful animal phyla?
A1: Mollusca and Annelida
Q2: What are some of the animals in Mollusca?
A2: snails, clams, and squids
Q3: What are some of the animals in Annelida?
A3: earthworms and leeches
Q4: Why are the Mollusca and Annelida considered to be close relatives?
A4: common presence of trochophore larvae
Q5: What are the phyla that have a ring of ciliated tentacles around the mouth called?
A5: lophophore
Plymouth (History)

The Lord Mayor's official residence is 3 Elliot Terrace, located on the Hoe. Once a home of Waldorf and Nancy Astor, it was given by Lady Astor to the City of Plymouth as an official residence for future Lord Mayors and is also used today for civic hospitality, as lodgings for visiting dignitaries and High Court judges and it is also available to hire for private events. The Civic Centre municipal office building in Armada Way became a listed building in June 2007 because of its quality and period features, but has become the centre of a controversy as the council planned for its demolition estimating that it could cost £40m to refurbish it, resulting in possible job losses.

Q1: At what street address is the Lord Mayor's residence located?
A1: 3 Elliot Terrace
Q2: Who gave the Lord Mayor's official residence to Plymouth?
A2: Lady Astor
Q3: On what street is the Civic Centre office building located?
A3: Armada Way
Q4: In what month and year did the Civic Centre municipal office building become a listed building?
A4: June 2007
Q5: What did Plymouth council estimate the cost to refurbish the Civic Centre municipal office building to be?
A5: £40m
Pub (History)

The Lost Pubs Project listed 28,095 closed pubs on 21 April 2015, with photographs of many. In 2015 the rate of pub closures came under the scrutiny of Parliament in the UK, with a promise of legislation to improve relations between owners and tenants.

Q1: How many closed pubs did The Lost Pubs Project catalog?
A1: 28,095
Q2: In what year did Parliament inquire into the frequency of pub closures?
A2: 2015
Q3: What did Parliament promise to pass as a result of increased pub closures?
A3: legislation to improve relations between owners and tenants
Paris (Geography and places)

The Louvre was the world's most visited art museum in 2014, with 9.3 million visitors. Its treasures include the Mona Lisa (La Joconde) and the Venus de Milo statue. Starkly apparent with its service-pipe exterior, the Centre Georges Pompidou, the second-most visited art museum in Paris, also known as Beaubourg, houses the Musée National d'Art Moderne. The Musée d'Orsay, in the former Orsay railway station, was the third-most visited museum in the city in 2014; it displays French art of the 19th century, including major collections of the Impressionists and Post-Impressionists. The original building - a railway station - was constructed for the Universal Exhibition of 1900. The Musée du quai Branly was the fourth-most visited national museum in Paris in 2014; it displays art objects from Africa, Asia, Oceania, and the Americas. The Musée national du Moyen Âge, or Cluny Museum, presents Medieval art, including the famous tapestry cycle of The Lady and the Unicorn. The Guimet Museum, or Musée national des arts asiatiques, has one of the largest collections of Asian art in Europe. There are also notable museums devoted to individual artists, including the Picasso Museum the Rodin Museum, and the Musée national Eugène Delacroix.

Q1: What was the most visited art museum in Paris in 2014?
A1: The Louvre
Q2: Where is the Mona Lisa housed?
A2: The Louvre
Q3: What is the second most visited art museum in Paris?
A3: Centre Georges Pompidou
Q4: What museum is known for its display of French art of the 19th century?
A4: Musée du quai Branly
Q5: What is Musee national des arts asiatiques famous for housing?
A5: collections of Asian art
Dialect (Language and literature)

The Low German varieties spoken in Germany are often counted among the German dialects. This reflects the modern situation where they are roofed by standard German. This is different from the situation in the Middle Ages when Low German had strong tendencies towards an ausbau language.

Q1: What type of language was Low German in the Middle Ages?
A1: an ausbau language
Q2: Why are Low German varieties regarded as dialects of standard German?
A2: they are roofed by standard German
The_Blitz (History)

The Luftwaffe's poor intelligence meant that their aircraft were not always able to locate their targets, and thus attacks on factories and airfields failed to achieve the desired results. British fighter aircraft production continued at a rate surpassing Germany's by 2 to 1. The British produced 10,000 aircraft in 1940, in comparison to Germany's 8,000. The replacement of pilots and aircrew was more difficult. Both the RAF and Luftwaffe struggled to replace manpower losses, though the Germans had larger reserves of trained aircrew. The circumstances affected the Germans more than the British. Operating over home territory, British flyers could fly again if they survived being shot down. German crews, even if they survived, faced capture. Moreover, bombers had four to five crewmen on board, representing a greater loss of manpower. On 7 September, the Germans shifted away from the destruction of the RAF's supporting structures. German intelligence suggested Fighter Command was weakening, and an attack on London would force it into a final battle of annihilation while compelling the British Government to surrender.

Q1: Why did the Luftwaffe fail to locate their targets?
A1: poor intelligence
Q2: Britain's  fabrication  of fighter planes out paced Germany by what margin?
A2: 2 to 1
Q3: How many aircraft did Britain produce in 1940?
A3: 10,000
Q4: What did German crew members face if they were shot down over Britain?
A4: capture
Q5: How big was the crew of a bomber?
A5: four to five crewmen
Pope_Paul_VI (Philosophy and religion)

The Lutherans were the first Protestant Church offering a dialogue to the Catholic Church in September 1964 in Reykjavík, Iceland. It resulted in joint study groups of several issues. The dialogue with the Methodist Church began October 1965, after its representatives officially applauded remarkable changes, friendship and cooperation of the past five years. The Reformed Churches entered four years later into a dialogue with the Catholic Church. The President of the Lutheran World Federation and member of the central committee of the World Council of Churches Fredrik A. Schiotz stated during the 450th anniversary of the Reformation, that earlier commemorations were viewed almost as a triumph. Reformation should be celebrated as a thanksgiving to God, his truth and his renewed life. He welcomed the announcement of Pope Paul VI to celebrate the 1900th anniversary of the death of the Apostle Peter and Apostle Paul, and promised the participation and cooperation in the festivities.

Q1: Which protestants were the first to reach out to the Catholic church in 1964 in Iceland?
A1: Lutherans
Q2: In what year did The Catholic church begin diplomatic relations with the Methodist church?
A2: 1965
Q3: In what year did the Catholic church begin diplomatic relations with the Lutheran church?
A3: 1964
Q4: Who was president of the World Council of Churches during the 450th anniversary of the Reformation?
A4: Fredrik A. Schiotz
Q5: To whom did Schiotz state one should be grateful for the Reformation?
A5: God
Tuberculosis (Natural sciences)

The M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) includes four other TB-causing mycobacteria: M. bovis, M. africanum, M. canetti, and M. microti. M. africanum is not widespread, but it is a significant cause of tuberculosis in parts of Africa. M. bovis was once a common cause of tuberculosis, but the introduction of pasteurized milk has almost completely eliminated this as a public health problem in developed countries. M. canetti is rare and seems to be limited to the Horn of Africa, although a few cases have been seen in African emigrants. M. microti is also rare and is seen almost only in immunodeficient people, although its prevalence may be significantly underestimated.

Q1: Which mycobacterium that causes TB can often be found in unpasteurized milk?
A1: M. bovis
Q2: Which one of the tuberculosis mycobacteria is associated with the Horn of Africa?
A2: M. canetti
Q3: Which of the four TB-causing bacteria do scientists think might be more common than we know?
A3: M. microti
Q4: What bacterium has the name of the country it affects most in its name?
A4: M. africanum
Videoconferencing (History)

The MC controls the conferencing while it is active on the signaling plane, which is simply where the system manages conferencing creation, endpoint signaling and in-conferencing controls. This component negotiates parameters with every endpoint in the network and controls conferencing resources. While the MC controls resources and signaling negotiations, the MP operates on the media plane and receives media from each endpoint. The MP generates output streams from each endpoint and redirects the information to other endpoints in the conference.

Q1: What controls the conferencing while its active on the signaling plane?
A1: The MC
Q2: Where does the videoconferencing system manage conferencing creation?
A2: the signaling plane
Q3: What is one example of what the signaling plane controls in a videoconferencing system?
A3: endpoint signaling
Q4: On what plane does the MC operate?
A4: the media plane
Q5: What generates output streams from each endpoint?
A5: The MP
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

The MDNA Tour, which further promoted the album, began in May 2012 in Tel Aviv, Israel. The tour has received positive critical reception, but featured controversial subjects such as violence, firearms, human rights, nudity and politics. Lawsuits threatened against Madonna have also been engaged from the tour. It was a box office success with a gross of $305.2 million from 88 sold-out shows, and became the highest-grossing tour of 2012 and the tenth highest-grossing tour of all time. At the 2013 Billboard Music Awards, Madonna won three trophies for Top Touring Artist, Top Dance Artist and Top Dance Album. Madonna was named the top-earning celebrity of the year by Forbes, earning an estimated $125 million, due to the success of the tour.

Q1: Where did the MDNA Tour start?
A1: Tel Aviv, Israel
Q2: When did MDNA Tour begin?
A2: May 2012
Q3: How much did the Tour grossed?
A3: $305.2 million
Q4: How many shows were sold out?
A4: 88
Q5: Who named Madonna as the top-earning celebrity of the year?
A5: Forbes