LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Oklahoma_City (Geography and places)

The average temperature is 61.4 °F (16.3 °C), with the monthly daily average ranging from 39.2 °F (4.0 °C) in January to 83.0 °F (28.3 °C) in July. Extremes range from −17 °F (−27 °C) on February 12, 1899 to 113 °F (45 °C) on August 11, 1936 and August 3, 2012; the last sub-zero (°F) reading was −5 °F (−21 °C) on February 10, 2011. Temperatures reach 100 °F (38 °C) on 10.4 days of the year, 90 °F (32 °C) on nearly 70 days, and fail to rise above freezing on 8.3 days. The city receives about 35.9 inches (91.2 cm) of precipitation annually, of which 8.6 inches (21.8 cm) is snow.

Q1: How much precipitation on average falls within the city?
A1: 35.9 inches
Q2: Out of the precipitation that falls, how much of it is snow?
A2: 8.6 inches
Bird (Natural sciences)

The avian circulatory system is driven by a four-chambered, myogenic heart contained in a fibrous pericardial sac. This pericardial sac is filled with a serous fluid for lubrication. The heart itself is divided into a right and left half, each with an atrium and ventricle. The atrium and ventricles of each side are separated by atrioventricular valves which prevent back flow from one chamber to the next during contraction. Being myogenic, the heart's pace is maintained by pacemaker cells found in the sinoatrial node, located on the right atrium. The sinoatrial node uses calcium to cause a depolarizing signal transduction pathway from the atrium through right and left atrioventricular bundle which communicates contraction to the ventricles. The avian heart also consists of muscular arches that are made up of thick bundles of muscular layers. Much like a mammalian heart, the avian heart is composed of endocardial, myocardial and epicardial layers. The atrium walls tend to be thinner than the ventricle walls, due to the intense ventricular contraction used to pump oxygenated blood throughout the body. Avian hearts are generally larger than mammalian hearts when compared to body mass. This adaptation allows more blood to be pumped to meet the high metabolic need associated with flight.

Q1: The avian circulatory system is driven by what?
A1: four-chambered, myogenic heart
Q2: Where is the heart contained in the avian circulatory system?
A2: fibrous pericardial sac
Q3: What lubricates the pericardial sac?
A3: serous fluid
Q4: Why are Avian hearts larger than mammalian hearts when compared to body mass?
A4: allows more blood to be pumped
John_von_Neumann (Mathematics)

The axiom of foundation established that every set can be constructed from the bottom up in an ordered succession of steps by way of the principles of Zermelo and Fraenkel, in such a manner that if one set belongs to another then the first must necessarily come before the second in the succession, hence excluding the possibility of a set belonging to itself. To demonstrate that the addition of this new axiom to the others did not produce contradictions, von Neumann introduced a method of demonstration, called the method of inner models, which later became an essential instrument in set theory.

Q1: What is the method to demonstrate that no contradictions were created by the addition of axiom of foundation?
A1: method of inner models
Q2: Zermelo and Fraenkel's axiom of foundation established that every set be constructed how?
A2: from the bottom up in an ordered succession of steps
Q3: What excluded a set from belonging to itself in set theory?
A3: if one set belongs to another then the first must necessarily come before the second in the succession
John_von_Neumann (Mathematics)

The axiomatization of mathematics, on the model of Euclid's Elements, had reached new levels of rigour and breadth at the end of the 19th century, particularly in arithmetic, thanks to the axiom schema of Richard Dedekind and Charles Sanders Peirce, and geometry, thanks to David Hilbert. At the beginning of the 20th century, efforts to base mathematics on naive set theory suffered a setback due to Russell's paradox (on the set of all sets that do not belong to themselves). The problem of an adequate axiomatization of set theory was resolved implicitly about twenty years later by Ernst Zermelo and Abraham Fraenkel. Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory provided a series of principles that allowed for the construction of the sets used in the everyday practice of mathematics. But they did not explicitly exclude the possibility of the existence of a set that belongs to itself. In his doctoral thesis of 1925, von Neumann demonstrated two techniques to exclude such sets—the axiom of foundation and the notion of class.

Q1: What caused a setback in naive set theory at the beginning of 20th century?
A1: Russell's paradox
Q2: Who resolved the problem of adequate axiomatization of set theory?
A2: Ernst Zermelo and Abraham Fraenkel
Q3: What 2 techniques did Von Neumann use to exclude sets in his doctoral thesis in 1925?
A3: the axiom of foundation and the notion of class.
Tuberculosis (Natural sciences)

The bacillus causing tuberculosis, M. tuberculosis, was identified and described on 24 March 1882 by Robert Koch. He received the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1905 for this discovery. Koch did not believe the bovine (cattle) and human tuberculosis diseases were similar, which delayed the recognition of infected milk as a source of infection. Later, the risk of transmission from this source was dramatically reduced by the invention of the pasteurization process. Koch announced a glycerine extract of the tubercle bacilli as a "remedy" for tuberculosis in 1890, calling it "tuberculin". While it was not effective, it was later successfully adapted as a screening test for the presence of pre-symptomatic tuberculosis. The World Tuberculosis Day was established on 24 March for this reason.

Q1: Who discovered M. tuberculosis?
A1: Robert Koch
Q2: What year was Koch awarded a Nobel Prize?
A2: 1905
Q3: Koch's conviction that human and bovine strains of TB were unrelated meant more people were exposed by drinking what?
A3: milk
Q4: What did Koch call the ineffective treatment for TB he came up with in 1890?
A4: tuberculin
Q5: What event is celebrated on March 24th to recognize the test for latent TB?
A5: World Tuberculosis Day
Nintendo_Entertainment_System (Video games)

The back of the cartridge bears a label with instructions on handling. Production and software revision codes were imprinted as stamps on the back label to correspond with the software version and producer. With the exception of The Legend of Zelda and Zelda II: The Adventure of Link, manufactured in gold-plastic carts, all licensed NTSC and PAL cartridges are a standard shade of gray plastic. Unlicensed carts were produced in black, robin egg blue, and gold, and are all slightly different shapes than standard NES cartridges. Nintendo also produced yellow-plastic carts for internal use at Nintendo Service Centers, although these "test carts" were never made available for purchase. All licensed US cartridges were made by Nintendo, Konami and Acclaim. For promotion of DuckTales: Remastered, Capcom sent 150 limited-edition gold NES cartridges with the original game, featuring the Remastered art as the sticker, to different gaming news agencies. The instruction label on the back included the opening lyric from the show's theme song, "Life is like a hurricane".

Q1: The Zelda games were manufactured in what color cartridge?
A1: gold
Q2: What is the standard color of all other cartridges?
A2: gray
Q3: What color were cartridges produced by Nintendo for internal use?
A3: yellow
Q4: What was distinctly made by Nintendo, Konami, and Acclaim?
A4: licensed US cartridges
Q5: What was the opening lyric from the Duck Tales theme show?
A5: Life is like a hurricane
Bacteria (Natural sciences)

The bacterial cell is surrounded by a cell membrane (also known as a lipid, cytoplasmic or plasma membrane). This membrane encloses the contents of the cell and acts as a barrier to hold nutrients, proteins and other essential components of the cytoplasm within the cell. As they are prokaryotes, bacteria do not usually have membrane-bound organelles in their cytoplasm, and thus contain few large intracellular structures. They lack a true nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and the other organelles present in eukaryotic cells. Bacteria were once seen as simple bags of cytoplasm, but structures such as the prokaryotic cytoskeleton and the localization of proteins to specific locations within the cytoplasm that give bacteria some complexity have been discovered. These subcellular levels of organization have been called "bacterial hyperstructures".

Q1: What is a cell membrane?
A1: lipid
Q2: What does membrane accomplish?
A2: barrier to hold nutrients, proteins and other essential components
Q3: Do bacteria have membrabe-bound organelles in their cytoplasm?
A3: do not
Q4: Absence of what make bacteria belong to prokaryotes?
A4: true nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and the other organelles
Q5: What bacteria was observed as before prokaryotic cytoskeleton was discovered?
A5: simple bags of cytoplasm
Mosaic (Art and architecture)

The ban on figurative depiction was not taken so seriously by the Jews living in Byzantine Gaza. In 1966 remains of a synagogue were found in the ancient harbour area. Its mosaic floor depicts King David as Orpheus, identified by his name in Hebrew letters. Near him were lion cubs, a giraffe and a snake listening to him playing a lyre. A further portion of the floor was divided by medallions formed by vine leaves, each of which contains an animal: a lioness suckling her cub, a giraffe, peacocks, panthers, bears, a zebra and so on. The floor was paved in 508/509. It is very similar to that of the synagogue at Maon (Menois) and the Christian church at Shellal, suggesting that the same artist most probably worked at all three places.

Q1: In Byzantine Gaza, Jews were relaxed on what ban?
A1: figurative depiction
Q2: Where were ancient remains of a synagogue found in 1966?
A2: in the ancient harbour area
Q3: The mosaic found in 1966 depicts who as the central figure?
A3: King David as Orpheus
Q4: What is the central figure doing in the mosaic found in 1966?
A4: playing a lyre
Q5: When was the mosaic floor constructed?
A5: in 508/509
Queen_(band) (Music)

The band had a number of bass players during this period who did not fit with the band's chemistry. It was not until February 1971 that they settled on John Deacon and began to rehearse for their first album. They recorded four of their own songs, "Liar", "Keep Yourself Alive", "The Night Comes Down" and "Jesus", for a demo tape; no record companies were interested. It was also around this time Freddie changed his surname to "Mercury", inspired by the line "Mother Mercury, look what they've done to me" in the song "My Fairy King". On 2 July 1971, Queen played their first show in the classic line-up of Mercury, May, Taylor and Deacon at a Surrey college outside London.

Q1: John Deacon played what instrument?
A1: bass
Q2: In what year did John Deacon join Queen?
A2: 1971
Q3: What did Freddie from Queen change his last name to?
A3: Mercury
Q4: What song inspired Freddie from Queen's surname?
A4: My Fairy King
Q5: On what date did Queen play their first show?
A5: 2 July 1971
Queen_(band) (Music)

The band have released a total of eighteen number one albums, eighteen number one singles, and ten number one DVDs worldwide, making them one of the world's best-selling music artists. Queen have sold over 150 million records, with some estimates in excess of 300 million records worldwide, including 34.5 million albums in the US as of 2004. Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2001, the band is the only group in which every member has composed more than one chart-topping single, and all four members were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2003. In 2009, "We Will Rock You" and "We Are the Champions" were inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, and the latter was voted the world's favourite song in a global music poll.

Q1: How many number one albums has Queen released?
A1: eighteen
Q2: How many number one singles did Queen release?
A2: eighteen
Q3: How many number one DVD's has Queen released?
A3: ten
Q4: How many albums has Queen sold worldwide?
A4: over 150 million
Q5: When was Queen inducted into the Hall of Fame?
A5: 2001
Queen_(band) (Music)

The band's sixth studio album News of the World was released in 1977, which has gone four times platinum in the United States, and twice in the UK. The album contained many songs tailor-made for live performance, including two of rock's most recognisable anthems, "We Will Rock You" and the rock ballad "We Are the Champions", both of which became enduring international sports anthems, and the latter reached number four in the US. Queen commenced the News of the World Tour in October 1977, and Robert Hilburn of the Los Angeles Times called this concert tour the band's "most spectacularly staged and finely honed show".

Q1: Queen's sixth album was released in what year?
A1: 1977
Q2: How many times platinum did Queen's News of the World go?
A2: four
Q3: Queen's News of the World contained which two rock anthems?
A3: "We Will Rock You" and the rock ballad "We Are the Champions"
Q4: Queen's News of the World Tour took place in what year?
A4: 1977
Queen_(band) (Music)

The band, now revitalised by the response to Live Aid – a "shot in the arm" Roger Taylor called it, — and the ensuing increase in record sales, ended 1985 by releasing the single "One Vision", which was the third time after "Stone Cold Crazy" and "Under Pressure (with David Bowie)" that all four bandmembers received a writing credit for the one song. Also, a limited-edition boxed set containing all Queen albums to date was released under the title of The Complete Works. The package included previously unreleased material, most notably Queen's non-album single of Christmas 1984, titled "Thank God It's Christmas".

Q1: What year was Queen's One Vision released?
A1: 1985
Q2: How many band members wrote Queen's One Vision?
A2: four
Q3: What was the mid 1980s Queen boxed set called?
A3: The Complete Works
Q4: What was Queen's 1984 Christmas song called?
A4: Thank God It's Christmas
Mandolin (Music)

The bandolim (Portuguese for "mandolin") was a favourite instrument within the Portuguese bourgeoisie of the 19th century, but its rapid spread took it to other places, joining other instruments. Today you can see mandolins as part of the traditional and folk culture of Portuguese singing groups and the majority of the mandolin scene in Portugal is in Madeira Island. Madeira has over 17 active mandolin Orchestras and Tunas. The mandolin virtuoso Fabio Machado is one of Portugal's most accomplished mandolin players. The Portuguese influence brought the mandolin to Brazil.

Q1: What does bandolim mean?
A1: Portuguese for "mandolin"
Q2: When was the bandolim porpular among the Portugese bourgeoisie?
A2: 19th century
Q3: Where can you see mandolins a part of in Portgal? 
A3: traditional and folk culture
Q4: Where is the Portuguese mandolin scene located? 
A4: Madeira Island
Q5: How many active mandolin orchestras does the Madiera Island have? 
A5: over 17
Antenna_(radio) (Engineering and technology)

The bandwidth characteristics of a resonant antenna element can be characterized according to its Q, just as one uses to characterize the sharpness of an L-C resonant circuit. However it is often assumed that there is an advantage in an antenna having a high Q. After all, Q is short for "quality factor" and a low Q typically signifies excessive loss (due to unwanted resistance) in a resonant L-C circuit. However this understanding does not apply to resonant antennas where the resistance involved is the radiation resistance, a desired quantity which removes energy from the resonant element in order to radiate it (the purpose of an antenna, after all!). The Q is a measure of the ratio of reactance to resistance, so with a fixed radiation resistance (an element's radiation resistance is almost independent of its diameter) a greater reactance off-resonance corresponds to the poorer bandwidth of a very thin conductor. The Q of such a narrowband antenna can be as high as 15. On the other hand, a thick element presents less reactance at an off-resonant frequency, and consequently a Q as low as 5. These two antennas will perform equivalently at the resonant frequency, but the second antenna will perform over a bandwidth 3 times as wide as the "hi-Q" antenna consisting of a thin conductor.

Q1: The properties of a usable radio frequency can be called its?
A1: Q
Q2: What is a measure of the comparison between reactance and resistance?
A2: Q
Q3: What is the largest Q that could be achieved with a slimmer band antenna?
A3: 15
Q4: What type of element would be used to encounter less reactance?
A4: thick
European_Central_Bank (Geography and places)

The bank is based in Frankfurt, the largest financial centre in the Eurozone. Its location in the city is fixed by the Amsterdam Treaty. The bank moved to new purpose-built headquarters in 2014 which were designed a Vienna-based architectural office named Coop Himmelbau. The building is approximately 180 metres (591 ft) tall and will be accompanied with other secondary buildings on a landscaped site on the site of the former wholesale market in the eastern part of Frankfurt am Main. The main construction began in October 2008, and it was expected that the building will become an architectural symbol for Europe. While it was designed to accommodate double the number of staff who operate in the former Eurotower, that building has been retained since the ECB took responsibility for banking supervision and more space was hence required.

Q1: Where is the European Central bank located?
A1: Frankfurt
Q2: What decided where the bank was to be located?
A2: Amsterdam Treaty
Q3: When did the bank move to it's new headquarters?
A3: 2014
Q4: What previously stood where the bank is now?
A4: the former wholesale market
Q5: When did construction of the new bank begin?
A5: October 2008
European_Central_Bank (Geography and places)

The bank must also co-operate within the EU and internationally with third bodies and entities. Finally, it contributes to maintaining a stable financial system and monitoring the banking sector. The latter can be seen, for example, in the bank's intervention during the subprime mortgage crisis when it loaned billions of euros to banks to stabilise the financial system. In December 2007, the ECB decided in conjunction with the Federal Reserve System under a programme called Term auction facility to improve dollar liquidity in the eurozone and to stabilise the money market.

Q1: What did the ECB do to help stabilise the financial system during the subprime mortgage crisis?
A1: loaned billions of euros to banks
Q2: Why did the ECB intervene during the subprime mortgage crisis?
A2: to stabilise the financial system
Q3: Who decided, along with the ECB, to use Term auction to help stabilize the financial crisis and improve dollar liquidity?
A3: Federal Reserve System
Q4: Besides cooperating with other financial institutions, how does the ECB help to maintain stability?
A4: contributes to maintaining a stable financial system and monitoring the banking sector
Q5: When did the ECB and Federal Rserve decide to collaborate on Term auction facility?
A5: December 2007
European_Central_Bank (Geography and places)

The banks in effect borrow cash and must pay it back; the short durations allow interest rates to be adjusted continually. When the repo notes come due the participating banks bid again. An increase in the quantity of notes offered at auction allows an increase in liquidity in the economy. A decrease has the contrary effect. The contracts are carried on the asset side of the European Central Bank's balance sheet and the resulting deposits in member banks are carried as a liability. In layman terms, the liability of the central bank is money, and an increase in deposits in member banks, carried as a liability by the central bank, means that more money has been put into the economy.[a]

Q1: What happens when a lot of repo notes come due?
A1: increase in liquidity in the economy
Q2: What happens whe not as many repo notes are coming due?
A2: contrary effect
Q3: What happens when members increase their deposits?
A3: more money has been put into the economy
Q4: What is a good way to boost the economy?
A4: increase in deposits in member banks
Q5: Where are contracts recorded?
A5: on the asset side of the European Central Bank's balance sheet
Crucifixion_of_Jesus (Philosophy and religion)

The baptism of Jesus and his crucifixion are considered to be two historically certain facts about Jesus. James Dunn states that these "two facts in the life of Jesus command almost universal assent" and "rank so high on the 'almost impossible to doubt or deny' scale of historical facts" that they are often the starting points for the study of the historical Jesus. Bart Ehrman states that the crucifixion of Jesus on the orders of Pontius Pilate is the most certain element about him. John Dominic Crossan states that the crucifixion of Jesus is as certain as any historical fact can be. Eddy and Boyd state that it is now "firmly established" that there is non-Christian confirmation of the crucifixion of Jesus. Craig Blomberg states that most scholars in the third quest for the historical Jesus consider the crucifixion indisputable. Christopher M. Tuckett states that, although the exact reasons for the death of Jesus are hard to determine, one of the indisputable facts about him is that he was crucified.

Q1: What is one of the historical certain facts about Jesus?
A1: baptism of Jesus
Q2: Do non-Christians agree that the Crucifixion happened?
A2: the crucifixion of Jesus is as certain as any historical fact can be
Q3: Is the exact reason known that Jesus got Crucified for?
A3: the exact reasons for the death of Jesus are hard to determine
Q4: Who said the Crucifixion of Jesus is firmly established.
A4: Eddy
Q5: Who said the Baptism of Jesus was Univeral Assent?
A5: James Dunn
Neoclassical_architecture (Art and architecture)

The baroque style had never truly been to the English taste. Four influential books were published in the first quarter of the 18th century which highlighted the simplicity and purity of classical architecture: Vitruvius Britannicus (Colen Campbell 1715), Palladio's Four Books of Architecture (1715), De Re Aedificatoria (1726) and The Designs of Inigo Jones... with Some Additional Designs (1727). The most popular was the four-volume Vitruvius Britannicus by Colen Campbell. The book contained architectural prints of famous British buildings that had been inspired by the great architects from Vitruvius to Palladio. At first the book mainly featured the work of Inigo Jones, but the later tomes contained drawings and plans by Campbell and other 18th-century architects. Palladian architecture became well established in 18th-century Britain.

Q1: What century were most four influential books published?
A1: 18th century
Q2: Who wrote Vitruvius Britannicus?
A2: Colen Campbell
Q3: In what century did Palladian architecture become well established?
A3: 18th-century
Q4: When was "The Designs of Inigo Jones" book published?
A4: 1727