LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Seattle (History)

Seattle typically receives some snowfall on an annual basis but heavy snow is rare. Average annual snowfall, as measured at Sea-Tac Airport, is 6.8 inches (17.3 cm). Single calendar-day snowfall of six inches or greater has occurred on only 15 days since 1948, and only once since February 17, 1990, when 6.8 in (17.3 cm) of snow officially fell at Sea-Tac airport on January 18, 2012. This moderate snow event was officially the 12th snowiest calendar day at the airport since 1948 and snowiest since November 1985. Much of the city of Seattle proper received somewhat lesser snowfall accumulations. Locations to the south of Seattle received more, with Olympia and Chehalis receiving 14 to 18 in (36 to 46 cm). Another moderate snow event occurred from December 12–25, 2008, when over one foot (30 cm) of snow fell and stuck on much of the roads over those two weeks, when temperatures remained below 32 °F (0 °C), causing widespread difficulties in a city not equipped for clearing snow. The largest documented snowstorm occurred from January 5–9, 1880, with snow drifting to 6 feet (1.8 m) in places at the end of the snow event. From January 31 to February 2, 1916, another heavy snow event occurred with 29 in (74 cm) of snow on the ground by the time the event was over. With official records dating to 1948, the largest single-day snowfall is 20.0 in (51 cm) on January 13, 1950. Seasonal snowfall has ranged from zero in 1991–92 to 67.5 in (171 cm) in 1968–69, with trace amounts having occurred as recently as 2009–10. The month of January 1950 was particularly severe, bringing 57.2 in (145 cm) of snow, the most of any month along with the aforementioned record cold.

Q1: What type of snowfall is not often seen in Seattle?
A1: heavy snow
Q2: What is the usual average snowfall in Seattle?
A2: 6.8 inches
Q3: How many times has snowfall been reported at more than 6 inches since 1990?
A3: once
Q4: When was there a moderate snowfall  of over one foot that lasted on the ground two weeks?
A4: December 12–25, 2008
Q5: On what dates did Seattle experience a snow event of 6 feet?
A5: January 5–9, 1880
Seattle (History)

Seattle was also the home base of impresario Alexander Pantages who, starting in 1902, opened a number of theaters in the city exhibiting vaudeville acts and silent movies. His activities soon expanded, and the thrifty Greek went on and became one of America's greatest theater and movie tycoons. Between Pantages and his rival John Considine, Seattle was for a while the western United States' vaudeville mecca. B. Marcus Priteca, the Scottish-born and Seattle-based architect, built several theaters for Pantages, including some in Seattle. The theaters he built for Pantages in Seattle have been either demolished or converted to other uses, but many other theaters survive in other cities of the U.S., often retaining the Pantages name; Seattle's surviving Paramount Theatre, on which he collaborated, was not a Pantages theater.

Q1: What type of theater did Alexander Pantages start in Seattle?
A1: vaudeville
Q2: When did Pantages open his movie houses?
A2: 1902
Q3: Who was Pantages competitor in the theater business?
A3: John Considine
Q4: Who was the architect who built a number of theaters in the Seattle area?
A4: B. Marcus Priteca
Q5: Which of Seattle's famous, and still extant,  theaters did Priteca disign?
A5: Paramount Theatre
Seattle (History)

Seattle's economy is driven by a mix of older industrial companies, and "new economy" Internet and technology companies, service, design and clean technology companies. The city's gross metropolitan product was $231 billion in 2010, making it the 11th largest metropolitan economy in the United States. The Port of Seattle, which also operates Seattle–Tacoma International Airport, is a major gateway for trade with Asia and cruises to Alaska, and is the 8th largest port in the United States in terms of container capacity. Though it was affected by the Great Recession, Seattle has retained a comparatively strong economy, and remains a hotbed for start-up businesses, especially in green building and clean technologies: it was ranked as America's No. 1 "smarter city" based on its government policies and green economy. In February 2010, the city government committed Seattle to becoming North America's first "climate neutral" city, with a goal of reaching zero net per capita greenhouse gas emissions by 2030.

Q1: What was Seattle's gross product in 2010?
A1: $231 billion
Q2: Where does Seattle rank in size of economy in 2010?
A2: 11th largest
Q3: How does the Port of Seattle container capability rank as compared to others in the US?
A3: 8th largest port
Q4: When does Seattle want to be rated as a climate neutral city?
A4: 2030
Q5: What type of industry thrives in Settle?
A5: start-up businesses
Seattle (History)

Seattle's foreign-born population grew 40% between the 1990 and 2000 censuses. The Chinese population in the Seattle area has origins in mainland China, Hong Kong, Southeast Asia, and Taiwan. The earliest Chinese-Americans that came in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were almost entirely from Guangdong province. The Seattle area is also home to a large Vietnamese population of more than 55,000 residents, as well as over 30,000 Somali immigrants. The Seattle-Tacoma area is also home to one of the largest Cambodian communities in the United States, numbering about 19,000 Cambodian Americans, and one of the largest Samoan communities in the mainland U.S., with over 15,000 people having Samoan ancestry. Additionally, the Seattle area had the highest percentage of self-identified mixed-race people of any large metropolitan area in the United States, according to the 2000 United States Census Bureau. According to a 2012 HistoryLink study, Seattle's 98118 ZIP code (in the Columbia City neighborhood) was one of the most diverse ZIP Code Tabulation Areas in the United States.

Q1: How much did Seattle's foreign born population expand between 1990-2000?
A1: 40%
Q2: From where in China did most of the first immigrants come?
A2: Guangdong province
Q3: How many Vietnamese residents are there in Seattle? 
A3: 55,000
Q4: What is the population of Cambodian immigrants in Seattle?
A4: 19,000
Q5: What other group of people does Seattle have the largest percentage of in the US?
A5: self-identified mixed-race
Seattle (History)

Seattle's political culture is very liberal and progressive for the United States, with over 80% of the population voting for the Democratic Party. All precincts in Seattle voted for Democratic Party candidate Barack Obama in the 2012 presidential election. In partisan elections for the Washington State Legislature and United States Congress, nearly all elections are won by Democrats. Seattle is considered the first major American city to elect a female mayor, Bertha Knight Landes. It has also elected an openly gay mayor, Ed Murray, and a socialist councillor, Kshama Sawant. For the first time in United States history, an openly gay black woman was elected to public office when Sherry Harris was elected as a Seattle city councillor in 1991. The majority of the current city council is female, while white men comprise a minority.

Q1: How many people in Seattle vote Democratic?
A1: over 80%
Q2: For whom did the residents of Seattle vote in the 2012 presidential election?
A2: Barack Obama
Q3: What party members win most state and national legislative elections?
A3: Democrats
Q4: Who was Seattle's , and the nation's, first female mayor?
A4: Bertha Knight Landes
Q5: What is the sex of the majority of Seattle's city council?
A5: female
Seattle (History)

Seattle's population historically has been predominantly white. The 2010 census showed that Seattle was one of the whitest big cities in the country, although its proportion of white residents has been gradually declining. In 1960, whites comprised 91.6% of the city's population, while in 2010 they comprised 69.5%. According to the 2006–2008 American Community Survey, approximately 78.9% of residents over the age of five spoke only English at home. Those who spoke Asian languages other than Indo-European languages made up 10.2% of the population, Spanish was spoken by 4.5% of the population, speakers of other Indo-European languages made up 3.9%, and speakers of other languages made up 2.5%.

Q1: In 1960, what was the percentage of whites in the Seattle area?
A1: 91.6%
Q2: According to the 2010 census, what was the white population in Seattle?
A2: 69.5%
Q3: In 2006-2008, how many people in Seattle spoke English at home?
A3: 78.9%
Q4: What is the percentage of Asian speakers in Seattle?
A4: 10.2%
Q5: What is the basic race of most people in Seattle?
A5: white
Seattle (History)

Seattle's professional sports history began at the start of the 20th century with the PCHA's Seattle Metropolitans, which in 1917 became the first American hockey team to win the Stanley Cup. Seattle was also home to a previous Major League Baseball franchise in 1969: the Seattle Pilots. The Pilots relocated to Milwaukee, Wisconsin and became the Milwaukee Brewers for the 1970 season. From 1967 to 2008 Seattle was also home to an National Basketball Association (NBA) franchise: the Seattle SuperSonics, who were the 1978–79 NBA champions. The SuperSonics relocated to Oklahoma City, Oklahoma and became the Oklahoma City Thunder for the 2008–09 season.

Q1: What was the first American hockey team to win a Stanley Cup?
A1: PCHA's Seattle Metropolitans
Q2: In what year did the Seattle Metropolitans win the Stanley Cup?
A2: 1917
Q3: To where did Seattle's Baseball team relocate in 1969?
A3: Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Q4: What was the new name of the Seattle team?
A4: Milwaukee Brewers
Q5: When did the Seattle Super Sonics win an NBA championship?
A5: 1978–79
St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador (Geography and places)

Sebastian Cabot declares in a handwritten Latin text in his original 1545 map, that the St. John's earned its name when he and his father, the Venetian explorer John Cabot became the first Europeans to sail into the harbour, in the morning of 24 June 1494 (against British and French historians stating 1497), the feast day of Saint John the Baptist. However, the exact locations of Cabot's landfalls are disputed. A series of expeditions to St. John's by Portuguese from the Azores took place in the early 16th century, and by 1540 French, Spanish and Portuguese ships crossed the Atlantic annually to fish the waters off the Avalon Peninsula. In the Basque Country, it is a common belief that the name of St. John's was given by Basque fishermen because the bay of St. John's is very similar to the Bay of Pasaia in the Basque Country, where one of the fishing towns is also called St. John (in Spanish, San Juan, and in Basque, Donibane).

Q1: What was John Cabot's sons first name?
A1: Sebastian
Q2: What was the occupation of John Cabot?
A2: explorer
Q3: Where did the French, Spanish and Portuguese start to travel to fish yearly in 1540?
A3: Avalon Peninsula
Q4: Where is the Bay of Pasaia located?
A4: Basque Country
Q5: In what language did Sebastian Cabot write his map from 1545?
A5: Latin
Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives (History)

Second, Democrats have always elevated their minority floor leader to the speakership upon reclaiming majority status. Republicans have not always followed this leadership succession pattern. In 1919, for instance, Republicans bypassed James R. Mann, R-IL, who had been minority leader for eight years, and elected Frederick Gillett, R-MA, to be Speaker. Mann "had angered many Republicans by objecting to their private bills on the floor;" also he was a protégé of autocratic Speaker Joseph Cannon, R-IL (1903–1911), and many Members "suspected that he would try to re-centralize power in his hands if elected Speaker." More recently, although Robert H. Michel was the Minority Leader in 1994 when the Republicans regained control of the House in the 1994 midterm elections, he had already announced his retirement and had little or no involvement in the campaign, including the Contract with America which was unveiled six weeks before voting day.

Q1: Which party has always elevated minority floor leaders to speakership?
A1: Democrats
Q2: Why were republicans upset with Mann?
A2: objecting to their private bills on the floor
Q3: What year did Republicans regain control while Rober Michel was Minority Leader?
A3: 1994
Education (Philosophy and religion)

Secondary education in the United States did not emerge until 1910, with the rise of large corporations and advancing technology in factories, which required skilled workers. In order to meet this new job demand, high schools were created, with a curriculum focused on practical job skills that would better prepare students for white collar or skilled blue collar work. This proved beneficial for both employers and employees, since the improved human capital lowered costs for the employer, while skilled employees received a higher wages.

Q1: When did secondary education emerge in the United States?
A1: 1910
Q2: Why was secondary school introduced in the U.S?
A2: rise of large corporations and advancing technology
Q3: Who benefited from secondary schools?
A3: employers and employees
Military_history_of_the_United_States (History)

Secretary of War Elihu Root (1899–1904) led the modernization of the Army. His goal of a uniformed chief of staff as general manager and a European-type general staff for planning was stymied by General Nelson A. Miles but did succeed in enlarging West Point and establishing the U.S. Army War College as well as the General Staff. Root changed the procedures for promotions and organized schools for the special branches of the service. He also devised the principle of rotating officers from staff to line. Root was concerned about the Army's role in governing the new territories acquired in 1898 and worked out the procedures for turning Cuba over to the Cubans, and wrote the charter of government for the Philippines.

Q1: Who was the Secretary of War who modernized the US military at the beginning of the 20th century?
A1: Elihu Root
Q2: Which military academy did Root help grow?
A2: West Point
Q3: What military advisement committee was established by Root?
A3: General Staff
Q4: What officer rotation doctrine was developed under Root's guidance?
A4: the principle of rotating officers from staff to line
Q5: What then-US protectorate did Root write a government charter for?
A5: the Philippines
Diarrhea (Natural sciences)

Secretory diarrhea means that there is an increase in the active secretion, or there is an inhibition of absorption. There is little to no structural damage. The most common cause of this type of diarrhea is a cholera toxin that stimulates the secretion of anions, especially chloride ions. Therefore, to maintain a charge balance in the lumen, sodium is carried with it, along with water. In this type of diarrhea intestinal fluid secretion is isotonic with plasma even during fasting. It continues even when there is no oral food intake.

Q1: What is secretory diarrhea?
A1: an increase in the active secretion, or there is an inhibition of absorption
Q2: What are the causes of secretory diarrhea?
A2: cause of this type of diarrhea is a cholera toxin that stimulates the secretion of anions, especially chloride ions
Q3: Is there any structural damage associated with secretory diarrhea?
A3: . There is little to no structural damage.
Endangered_Species_Act (Natural sciences)

Section 6 of the Endangered Species Act provided funding for development of programs for management of threatened and endangered species by state wildlife agencies. Subsequently, lists of endangered and threatened species within their boundaries have been prepared by each state. These state lists often include species which are considered endangered or threatened within a specific state but not within all states, and which therefore are not included on the national list of endangered and threatened species. Examples include Florida, Minnesota, Maine, and California.

Q1: Section 6 of the Endangered Species Act provided funding for what purpose?
A1: development of programs for management of threatened and endangered species by state wildlife agencies
Q2: What is one notable drawback with state wildlife agencies creating their own lists?
A2: These state lists often include species which are considered endangered or threatened within a specific state but not within all states
Q3: What states are listing species that are endangered in their own state, but that are not endangered in all other states?
A3: Florida, Minnesota, Maine, and California
Military_history_of_the_United_States (History)

Sectional tensions had long existed between the states located north of the Mason–Dixon line and those south of it, primarily centered on the "peculiar institution" of slavery and the ability of states to overrule the decisions of the national government. During the 1840s and 1850s, conflicts between the two sides became progressively more violent. After the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 (who southerners thought would work to end slavery) states in the South seceded from the United States, beginning with South Carolina in late 1860. On April 12, 1861, forces of the South (known as the Confederate States of America or simply the Confederacy) opened fire on Fort Sumter, whose garrison was loyal to the Union.

Q1: What dividing line separated slave states from free states?
A1: the Mason–Dixon line
Q2: When was Lincoln elected?
A2: 1860
Q3: How did slave states react to Lincoln's election?
A3: states in the South seceded from the United States
Q4: What was the first state to formally secede?
A4: South Carolina
Q5: When did Confederate forces bombard Fort Sumter?
A5: April 12, 1861
Gothic_architecture (Art and architecture)

Secular Gothic architecture can also be found in a number of public buildings such as town halls, universities, markets or hospitals. The Gdańsk, Wrocław and Stralsund town halls are remarkable examples of northern Brick Gothic built in the late 14th centuries. The Belfry of Bruges or Brussels Town Hall, built during the 15th century, are associated to the increasing wealth and power of the bourgeoisie in the late Middle Ages; by the 15th century, the traders of the trade cities of Burgundy had acquired such wealth and influence that they could afford to express their power by funding lavishly decorated buildings of vast proportions. This kind of expressions of secular and economic power are also found in other late mediaeval commercial cities, including the Llotja de la Seda of Valencia, Spain, a purpose built silk exchange dating from the 15th century, in the partial remains of Westminster Hall in the Houses of Parliament in London, or the Palazzo Pubblico in Siena, Italy, a 13th-century town hall built to host the offices of the then prosperous republic of Siena. Other Italian cities such as Florence (Palazzo Vecchio), Mantua or Venice also host remarkable examples of secular public architecture.

Q1: What is an example of secular Northern Brick Gothic architecture from the 14th century?
A1: Stralsund town halls
Q2: When was Brussels Town Hall built?
A2: built during the 15th century
Q3: What is the name of the secular building in Spain which was constructed for the purpose of silk exchange?
A3: the Llotja de la Seda of Valencia
Q4: What is the name of the 13th-century town hall constructed to host the offices of the republic of Siena?
A4: the Palazzo Pubblico
Q5: Impressive public secular architecture can also be found in what other Italian city?
A5: Florence
Napoleon (History)

Seeking national reconciliation between revolutionaries and Catholics, the Concordat of 1801 was signed on 15 July 1801 between Napoleon and Pope Pius VII. It solidified the Roman Catholic Church as the majority church of France and brought back most of its civil status. The hostility of devout Catholics against the state had now largely been resolved. It did not restore the vast church lands and endowments that had been seized during the revolution and sold off. As a part of the Concordat, he presented another set of laws called the Organic Articles.

Q1: What is the name of the 1801 document that aimed for reconcilliation between revolutionaries and Catholics?
A1: the Concordat of 1801
Q2: Along with Napoleon, who signed the Concordat of 1801?
A2: Pope Pius VII
Q3: The Concordat of 1801 strengthened the position of which church as the majority church of France?
A3: the Roman Catholic Church
Q4:  What is the exact date on which the Concordat of 1801 was signed?
A4: 15 July 1801
Q5: What were the Organic Articles a part of?
A5: the Concordat
Political_corruption (Social sciences and society)

Seeking to harm enemies becomes corruption when official powers are illegitimately used as means to this end. For example, trumped-up charges are often brought up against journalists or writers who bring up politically sensitive issues, such as a politician's acceptance of bribes.

Q1: Corruption also occurs when an official wants to cause some form of harm to who?
A1: enemies
Q2: False charges can be brought against a journalist who writes about what?
A2: politically sensitive issues
Computer (Engineering and technology)

Seemingly, multitasking would cause a computer that is switching between several programs to run more slowly, in direct proportion to the number of programs it is running, but most programs spend much of their time waiting for slow input/output devices to complete their tasks. If a program is waiting for the user to click on the mouse or press a key on the keyboard, then it will not take a "time slice" until the event it is waiting for has occurred. This frees up time for other programs to execute so that many programs may be run simultaneously without unacceptable speed loss.

Q1: Multitasking would seemingly cause a computer to run in what fashion?
A1: more slowly,
Q2: What do a lot of programs spend time waiting for?
A2: input/output devices
Neoclassical_architecture (Art and architecture)

Seen in its wider social context, Greek Revival architecture sounded a new note of sobriety and restraint in public buildings in Britain around 1800 as an assertion of nationalism attendant on the Act of Union, the Napoleonic Wars, and the clamour for political reform. It was to be William Wilkins's winning design for the public competition for Downing College, Cambridge that announced the Greek style was to be the dominant idiom in architecture. Wilkins and Robert Smirke went on to build some of the most important buildings of the era, including the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden (1808–09), the General Post Office (1824–29) and the British Museum (1823–48), Wilkins University College London (1826–30) and the National Gallery (1832–38). In Scotland, Thomas Hamilton (1784–1858), in collaboration with the artists Andrew Wilson (1780–1848) and Hugh William Williams (1773–1829) created monuments and buildings of international significance; the Burns Monument at Alloway (1818) and the (Royal) High School in Edinburgh (1823–29).

Q1: Whose winning design for public competition began the dominance of Greek style architecture?
A1: William Wilkins
Q2: What monument was created in 1818?
A2: Burns Monument at Alloway
Q3: When was the General Post Office built?
A3: 1824–29
Q4: In what year was the British Museum built?
A4: 1823–48
Q5: When was the National Gallery constructed?
A5: 1832–38