LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Montana (Geography and places)

Montana has a larger Native American population numerically and percentage-wise than most U.S. states. Although the state ranked 45th in population (according to the 2010 U.S. Census), it ranked 19th in total native people population. Native people constituted 6.5 percent of the state's total population, the sixth highest percentage of all 50 states. Montana has three counties in which Native Americans are a majority: Big Horn, Glacier, and Roosevelt. Other counties with large Native American populations include Blaine, Cascade, Hill, Missoula, and Yellowstone counties. The state's Native American population grew by 27.9 percent between 1980 and 1990 (at a time when Montana's entire population rose just 1.6 percent), and by 18.5 percent between 2000 and 2010. As of 2009, almost two-thirds of Native Americans in the state live in urban areas. Of Montana's 20 largest cities, Polson (15.7 percent), Havre (13.0 percent), Great Falls (5.0 percent), Billings (4.4 percent), and Anaconda (3.1 percent) had the greatest percentage of Native American residents in 2010. Billings (4,619), Great Falls (2,942), Missoula (1,838), Havre (1,210), and Polson (706) have the most Native Americans living there. The state's seven reservations include more than twelve distinct Native American ethnolinguistic groups.

Q1: What percentage of the population in Montana are Native peoples?
A1: 6.5 percent
Q2: What three counties are Native Americans a majority?
A2: Big Horn, Glacier, and Roosevelt
Q3: Between what years did the Native population increase by 27.9%
A3: 1980 and 1990
Montana (Geography and places)

Montana has been a destination for its world-class trout fisheries since the 1930s. Fly fishing for several species of native and introduced trout in rivers and lakes is popular for both residents and tourists throughout the state. Montana is the home of the Federation of Fly Fishers and hosts many of the organizations annual conclaves. The state has robust recreational lake trout and kokanee salmon fisheries in the west, walleye can be found in many parts of the state, while northern pike, smallmouth and largemouth bass fisheries as well as catfish and paddlefish can be found in the waters of eastern Montana. Robert Redford's 1992 film of Norman Mclean's novel, A River Runs Through It, was filmed in Montana and brought national attention to fly fishing and the state.

Q1: Since when has Montana been a destination for trout fisheries?
A1: 1930s
Q2: What fishing organization has its home here?
A2: Federation of Fly Fishers
Q3: What type of fisheries does the state have?
A3: trout and kokanee salmon fisheries
Q4: What Robert Redford movie was shot here in 1002?
A4: A River Runs Through It
Montana (Geography and places)

Montana i/mɒnˈtænə/ is a state in the Western region of the United States. The state's name is derived from the Spanish word montaña (mountain). Montana has several nicknames, although none official, including "Big Sky Country" and "The Treasure State", and slogans that include "Land of the Shining Mountains" and more recently "The Last Best Place". Montana is ranked 4th in size, but 44th in population and 48th in population density of the 50 United States. The western third of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges. Smaller island ranges are found throughout the state. In total, 77 named ranges are part of the Rocky Mountains.

Q1: What is the states rank in size?
A1: 4th
Q2: What is its rank in popularion?
A2: 44th
Q3: How many ranges are part of the Rocky Mountains?
A3: 77
Q4: Where does the state's name come from?
A4: from the Spanish word montaña
Montana (Geography and places)

Montana is home to a diverse array of fauna that includes 14 amphibian, 90 fish, 117 mammal, 20 reptile and 427 bird species. Additionally, there are over 10,000 invertebrate species, including 180 mollusks and 30 crustaceans. Montana has the largest grizzly bear population in the lower 48 states. Montana hosts five federally endangered species–black-footed ferret, whooping crane, least tern, pallid sturgeon and white sturgeon and seven threatened species including the grizzly bear, Canadian lynx and bull trout. The Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks manages fishing and hunting seasons for at least 17 species of game fish including seven species of trout, walleye and smallmouth bass and at least 29 species of game birds and animals including ring-neck pheasant, grey partridge, elk, pronghorn antelope, mule deer, whitetail deer, gray wolf and bighorn sheep.

Q1: How many different types of fish are diverse to Montana?
A1: 90
Q2: What type of bear does Montana have the highest population of?
A2: grizzly bear
Q3: How many endangered species are in Montana?
A3: five
Q4: How many species of game fish have hunting seasons?
A4: at least 17
Montana (Geography and places)

Montana is home to the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation and has a historic big game hunting tradition. There are fall bow and general hunting seasons for elk, pronghorn antelope, whitetail deer and mule deer. A random draw grants a limited number of permits for moose, mountain goats and bighorn sheep. There is a spring hunting season for black bear and in most years, limited hunting of bison that leave Yellowstone National Park is allowed. Current law allows both hunting and trapping of a specific number of wolves and mountain lions. Trapping of assorted fur bearing animals is allowed in certain seasons and many opportunities exist for migratory waterfowl and upland bird hunting.

Q1: What is the name of the big game hunting foundation in Montana?
A1: Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation
Q2: What season is black bear hunting allowed?
A2: spring
Q3: What two predators can be hunted in specific numbers?
A3: wolves and mountain lions
Montana (Geography and places)

Montana schoolchildren played a significant role in selecting several state symbols. The state tree, the ponderosa pine, was selected by Montana schoolchildren as the preferred state tree by an overwhelming majority in a referendum held in 1908. However, the legislature did not designate a state tree until 1949, when the Montana Federation of Garden Clubs, with the support of the state forester, lobbied for formal recognition. Schoolchildren also chose the western meadowlark as the state bird, in a 1930 vote, and the legislature acted to endorse this decision in 1931. Similarly, the secretary of state sponsored a children's vote in 1981 to choose a state animal, and after 74 animals were nominated, the grizzly bear won over the elk by a 2–1 margin. The students of Livingston started a statewide school petition drive plus lobbied the governor and the state legislature to name the Maiasaura as the state fossil in 1985.

Q1: What year was the state tree selected?
A1: 1908
Q2: When was the state tree actually assigned?
A2: 1949
Q3: What year was the state animal selected?
A3: 1981
Q4: What is the state animal of Montana?
A4: grizzly bear
Q5: What is the state fossil
A5: Maiasaura
Montana (Geography and places)

Montana's motto, Oro y Plata, Spanish for "Gold and Silver", recognizing the significant role of mining, was first adopted in 1865, when Montana was still a territory. A state seal with a miner's pick and shovel above the motto, surrounded by the mountains and the Great Falls of the Missouri River, was adopted during the first meeting of the territorial legislature in 1864–65. The design was only slightly modified after Montana became a state and adopted it as the Great Seal of the State of Montana, enacted by the legislature in 1893. The state flower, the bitterroot, was adopted in 1895 with the support of a group called the Floral Emblem Association, which formed after Montana's Women's Christian Temperance Union adopted the bitterroot as the organization's state flower. All other symbols were adopted throughout the 20th century, save for Montana's newest symbol, the state butterfly, the mourning cloak, adopted in 2001, and the state lullaby, "Montana Lullaby", adopted in 2007.

Q1: What is Montana's motto? 
A1: Oro y Plata
Q2: What does Montana's motto mean?
A2: "Gold and Silver"
Q3: When was the motto adopted?
A3: 1865
Q4: WHen was the state flower adopted?
A4: 1895
Q5: What is the state flower for Montana?
A5: bitterroot
Montana (Geography and places)

Montana's personal income tax contains 7 brackets, with rates ranging from 1 percent to 6.9 percent. Montana has no sales tax. In Montana, household goods are exempt from property taxes. However, property taxes are assessed on livestock, farm machinery, heavy equipment, automobiles, trucks, and business equipment. The amount of property tax owed is not determined solely by the property's value. The property's value is multiplied by a tax rate, set by the Montana Legislature, to determine its taxable value. The taxable value is then multiplied by the mill levy established by various taxing jurisdictions—city and county government, school districts and others.

Q1: How many tax brackets does Montana have?
A1: 7
Q2: What is the highest tax bracket in Montana?
A2: 6.9 percent
Q3: Does Montana have a sales tax?
A3: no
Montevideo (Geography and places)

Montevideo has a very rich architectural heritage and an impressive number of writers, artists, and musicians. Uruguayan tango is a unique form of dance that originated in the neighbourhoods of Montevideo towards the end of the 1800s. Tango, candombe and murga are the three main styles of music in this city. The city is also the centre of the cinema of Uruguay, which includes commercial, documentary and experimental films. There are two movie theatre companies running seven cinemas, around ten independent ones and four art film cinemas in the city. The theatre of Uruguay is admired inside and outside Uruguayan borders. The Solís Theatre is the most prominent theatre in Uruguay and the oldest in South America. There are several notable theatrical companies and thousands of professional actors and amateurs. Montevideo playwrights produce dozens of works each year; of major note are Mauricio Rosencof, Ana Magnabosco and Ricardo Prieto.

Q1: What unique form of dance originated in the neighbourhods of Montevideo?
A1: Uruguayan tango
Q2: Tango, candombe and murga are three main styles of what?
A2: music
Q3: How many movie theater companies are there in Montevideo?
A3: two
Q4: What is the most prominent theater in Uruguay?
A4: The Solís Theatre
Montevideo (Geography and places)

Montevideo has over 50 hotels, mostly located within the downtown area or along the beachfront of the Rambla de Montevideo. Many of the hotels are in the modern, western style, such as the Sheraton Montevideo, the Radisson Montevideo Victoria Plaza Hotel located on the central Plaza Independencia, and the Plaza Fuerte Hotel on the waterfront. The Sheraton has 207 guest rooms and 10 suites and is luxuriously furnished with imported furniture. The Radisson Montevideo has 232 rooms and contains a casino and is served by the Restaurante Arcadia.

Q1: How many guest rooms does the Sheraton have?
A1: 207
Q2: How many suites does the Sheraton have?
A2: 10
Q3: How many rooms does The Radisson Montevideo have?
A3: 232
Montevideo (Geography and places)

Montevideo is situated on the north shore of the Río de la Plata, the arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates the south coast of Uruguay from the north coast of Argentina; Buenos Aires lies 230 kilometres (140 mi) west on the Argentine side. The Santa Lucía River forms a natural border between Montevideo and San José Department to its west. To the city's north and east is Canelones Department, with the stream of Carrasco forming the eastern natural border. The coastline forming the city's southern border is interspersed with rocky protrusions and sandy beaches. The Bay of Montevideo forms a natural harbour, the nation's largest and one of the largest in the Southern Cone, and the finest natural port in the region, functioning as a crucial component of the Uruguayan economy and foreign trade. Various streams criss-cross the town and empty into the Bay of Montevideo. The coastline and rivers are heavily polluted and of high salinity.

Q1: Montevideo is situated on the north shore of what?
A1: the Río de la Plata
Q2: What river forms a natural border between Montevideo and San Jose Department?
A2: Santa Lucía River
Q3: What does the Bay of Montevideo form?
A3: a natural harbour
Montevideo (Geography and places)

Montevideo is the heartland of retailing in Uruguay. The city has become the principal centre of business and real estate, including many expensive buildings and modern towers for residences and offices, surrounded by extensive green spaces. In 1985, the first shopping centre in Rio de la Plata, Montevideo Shopping was built. In 1994, with building of three more shopping complexes such as the Shopping Tres Cruces, Portones Shopping, and Punta Carretas Shopping, the business map of the city changed dramatically. The creation of shopping complexes brought a major change in the habits of the people of Montevideo. Global firms such as McDonald's and Burger King etc. are firmly established in Montevideo.

Q1: What is the heartland of retailing in Uruguay?
A1: Montevideo
Q2: What city has become the centre of business and real estate? 
A2: Montevideo
Q3: What year was Montevideo Shopping  built?
A3: 1985
Arnold_Schwarzenegger (Media and drama)

Months before the 1975 Mr. Olympia contest, filmmakers George Butler and Robert Fiore persuaded Schwarzenegger to compete, in order to film his training in the bodybuilding documentary called Pumping Iron. Schwarzenegger had only three months to prepare for the competition, after losing significant weight to appear in the film Stay Hungry with Jeff Bridges. Lou Ferrigno proved not to be a threat, and a lighter-than-usual Schwarzenegger convincingly won the 1975 Mr. Olympia.

Q1: What was the name of the bodybuilding film Schwarzenegger starred in?
A1: Pumping Iron
Q2: How much time did Schwarzenegger have to train for the 1975 Mr. Olympia competition?
A2: three months
Q3: Who co-starred with Schwarzenegger in the film Stay Hungry?
A3: Jeff Bridges
Pope_Paul_VI (Philosophy and religion)

Montini and Angelo Roncalli were considered to be friends, but when Roncalli, as Pope John XXIII announced a new Ecumenical Council, Cardinal Montini reacted with disbelief and said to Giulio Bevilacqua: "This old boy does not know what a hornets nest he is stirring up." He was appointed to the Central Preparatory Commission in 1961. During the Council, his friend Pope John XXIII asked him to live in the Vatican. He was a member of the Commission for Extraordinary Affairs but did not engage himself much into the floor debates on various issues. His main advisor was Monsignore Giovanni Colombo, whom he later appointed to be his successor in Milan The Commission was greatly overshadowed by the insistence of John XXIII to have the Council complete all its work in one single session before Christmas 1962, to the 400th anniversary of the Council of Trent, an insistence which may have also been influenced by the Pope's recent knowledge that he had cancer.

Q1: What group did Montini oppose reforming?
A1: Ecumenical Council
Q2: In what year was Montini appointed to the Central Preparatory Commission? 
A2: 1961
Q3: Where did the Pope ask Cardinal Montini to live?
A3: Vatican
Q4: What did Montini avoid as a member of the Commission for Extraordinary Affairs?
A4: debates
Q5: What illness had the Pope contracted?
A5: cancer
Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas (History)

Morales began work on his "indigenous autonomy" policy, which he launched in the eastern lowlands department on August 3, 2009, making Bolivia the first country in the history of South America to affirm the right of indigenous people to govern themselves. Speaking in Santa Cruz Department, the President called it "a historic day for the peasant and indigenous movement", saying that, though he might make errors, he would "never betray the fight started by our ancestors and the fight of the Bolivian people". A vote on further autonomy will take place in referendums which are expected to be held in December 2009. The issue has divided the country.

Q1: Who came up with a policy for indigenous autonomy?
A1: Morales
Q2: When did Morales launch his policy in the eastern lowlands?
A2: 2009
Q3: What was Bolivia the first country in the history of South America to do?
A3: affirm the right of indigenous people to govern themselves
Q4: What did the President vow he would never betray?
A4: fight
Q5: What effect has the issue of indigenous autonomy had on Bolivia?
A5: divided
Late_Middle_Ages (History)

Morality plays emerged as a distinct dramatic form around 1400 and flourished until 1550. The most interesting morality play is The Castle of Perseverance which depicts mankind's progress from birth to death. However, the most famous morality play and perhaps best known medieval drama is Everyman. Everyman receives Death's summons, struggles to escape and finally resigns himself to necessity. Along the way, he is deserted by Kindred, Goods, and Fellowship - only Good Deeds goes with him to the grave.

Q1: What is the most famous morality play from the medieval period?
A1: Everyman
Q2: Which dramatic form was created around 1400?
A2: Morality plays
Q3: What goes to the grave with Everyman in the morality play?
A3: Good Deeds
Q4: Which morality play depicted mankind's progress from birth to death?
A4: The Castle of Perseverance
Q5: In the morality play, who summoned Everyman?
A5: Death
Political_party (Social sciences and society)

More commonly, in cases where there are three or more parties, no one party is likely to gain power alone, and parties work with each other to form coalition governments. This has been an emerging trend in the politics of the Republic of Ireland since the 1980s and is almost always the case in Germany on national and state level, and in most constituencies at the communal level. Furthermore, since the forming of the Republic of Iceland there has never been a government not led by a coalition (usually of the Independence Party and one other (often the Social Democratic Alliance). A similar situation exists in the Republic of Ireland; since 1989, no one party has held power on its own. Since then, numerous coalition governments have been formed. These coalitions have been exclusively led by one of either Fianna Fáil or Fine Gael. Political change is often easier with a coalition government than in one-party or two-party dominant systems.[dubious – discuss] If factions in a two-party system are in fundamental disagreement on policy goals, or even principles, they can be slow to make policy changes, which appears to be the case now in the U.S. with power split between Democrats and Republicans. Still coalition governments struggle, sometimes for years, to change policy and often fail altogether, post World War II France and Italy being prime examples. When one party in a two-party system controls all elective branches, however, policy changes can be both swift and significant. Democrats Woodrow Wilson, Franklin Roosevelt and Lyndon Johnson were beneficiaries of such fortuitous circumstances, as were Republicans as far removed in time as Abraham Lincoln and Ronald Reagan. Barack Obama briefly had such an advantage between 2009 and 2011.

Q1: In which case are parties not likely to gain power on their own?
A1: in cases where there are three or more parties
Q2: Is Ireland ever not led by a coalition Government?
A2: since the forming of the Republic of Iceland there has never been a government not led by a coalition
Q3: Since what date has Ireland not been led by a single power?
A3: 1989
Q4: When is political change easier?
A4: Political change is often easier with a coalition government
Q5: What are prime examples coalition governments that struggle to change policy?
A5: post World War II France and Italy
Dutch_language (Language and literature)

More complex inflection is still found in certain lexicalized expressions like de heer des huizes (literally, the man of the house), etc. These are usually remnants of cases (in this instance, the genitive case which is still used in German, cf. Der Herr des Hauses) and other inflections no longer in general use today. In such lexicalized expressions remnants of strong and weak nouns can be found too, e.g. in het jaar des Heren (Anno Domini), where "-en" is actually the genitive ending of the weak noun. Also in this case, German retains this feature. Though the genitive is widely avoided in speech.

Q1: What case no longer used in Dutch is still present in German phrases like "Der Herr des Hauses"?
A1: genitive
Q2: How would you say "the man of the house" in Dutch?
A2: de heer des huizes
Q3: What word described standalone expressions that retain some outdated convention as an exception?
A3: lexicalized
Q4: Which word in the phrase "het jaar des Heren" is a weak noun with a genitive ending added?
A4: Heren
Emotion (Natural sciences)

More contemporary views along the evolutionary psychology spectrum posit that both basic emotions and social emotions evolved to motivate (social) behaviors that were adaptive in the ancestral environment. Current research[citation needed] suggests that emotion is an essential part of any human decision-making and planning, and the famous distinction made between reason and emotion is not as clear as it seems. Paul D. MacLean claims that emotion competes with even more instinctive responses, on one hand, and the more abstract reasoning, on the other hand. The increased potential in neuroimaging has also allowed investigation into evolutionarily ancient parts of the brain. Important neurological advances were derived from these perspectives in the 1990s by Joseph E. LeDoux and António Damásio.

Q1: Who argued that emotional responses compete with instinct and reason?
A1: Paul D. MacLean
Q2: What technology has allowed for research into the earlier-evolved parts of the brain?
A2: neuroimaging
Q3: Along with LeDoux, who was a notable neurological brain researcher?
A3: António Damásio
Q4: In what decade did Damásio and LeDoux do notable work?
A4: 1990s
On_the_Origin_of_Species (Natural sciences)

More detail was given in Darwin's 1868 book on The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication, which tried to explain heredity through his hypothesis of pangenesis. Although Darwin had privately questioned blending inheritance, he struggled with the theoretical difficulty that novel individual variations would tend to blend into a population. However, inherited variation could be seen, and Darwin's concept of selection working on a population with a range of small variations was workable. It was not until the modern evolutionary synthesis in the 1930s and 1940s that a model of heredity became completely integrated with a model of variation. This modern evolutionary synthesis had been dubbed Neo Darwinian Evolution because it encompasses Charles Darwin's theories of evolution with Gregor Mendel's theories of genetic inheritance.

Q1: When was The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication by Charles Darwin published?
A1: 1868
Q2: What was the hypothesis that attempted to explain heredity?
A2: hypothesis of pangenesis.
Q3: While Darwin wasn't sure about blending inherited traits, what was his opinion about utilizing inherited variation?
A3: Darwin's concept of selection working on a population with a range of small variations was workable
Q4: When did a model of heredity begin to be integrated with that of variation?
A4: in the 1930s and 1940s
Q5: What was the modern evolutionary synthesis named?
A5: Neo Darwinian Evolution