LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
North_Carolina (Geography and places)

The coastal plain transitions to the Piedmont region along the Atlantic Seaboard fall line, a line which marks the elevation at which waterfalls first appear on streams and rivers. The Piedmont region of central North Carolina is the state's most urbanized and densely populated section. It consists of gently rolling countryside frequently broken by hills or low mountain ridges. Small, isolated, and deeply eroded mountain ranges and peaks are located in the Piedmont, including the Sauratown Mountains, Pilot Mountain, the Uwharrie Mountains, Crowder's Mountain, King's Pinnacle, the Brushy Mountains, and the South Mountains. The Piedmont ranges from about 300 to 400 feet (91 to 122 m) in elevation in the east to over 1,000 feet (300 m) in the west. Because of the rapid population growth in the Piedmont, a significant part of the rural area in this region is being transformed into suburbs with shopping centers, housing, and corporate offices. Agriculture is steadily declining in importance. The major rivers of the Piedmont, such as the Yadkin and Catawba, tend to be fast-flowing, shallow, and narrow.

Q1: What do you call the line that marks the elevation that waterfalls first appear on rivers?
A1: Atlantic Seaboard fall line
Q2: At what point does the coastal plin transition to the Piedmont region?
A2: along the Atlantic Seaboard fall line
Q3: What section of Central North Carolina has the most dense population?
A3: The Piedmont region
Q4: Pilot Mountain and South Mountains are located in what region of North Carolina?
A4: Piedmont
Q5: What is the average elevation in the west Piedmont region?
A5: 1,000 feet
Norfolk_Island (Geography and places)

The coastline of Norfolk Island consists, to varying degrees, of cliff faces. A downward slope exists towards Slaughter Bay and Emily Bay, the site of the original colonial settlement of Kingston. There are no safe harbour facilities on Norfolk Island, with loading jetties existing at Kingston and Cascade Bay. All goods not domestically produced are brought in by ship, usually to Cascade Bay. Emily Bay, protected from the Pacific Ocean by a small coral reef, is the only safe area for recreational swimming, although surfing waves can be found at Anson and Ball Bays.

Q1: What is the coastline of Norfolk made of?
A1: cliff faces
Q2: Where is the site of the original colonial settlement of Kingston, Norfolk Islands, currently located?
A2: Slaughter Bay and Emily Bay
Q3: How are goods imported to Norfolk Island?
A3: by ship
Q4: Where are imported goods usually sent on Norfolk Island?
A4: Cascade Bay
Q5: Where can you go to surf on Norfolk Island?
A5: Anson and Ball Bays
Dog (Natural sciences)

The coats of domestic dogs are of two varieties: "double" being common with dogs (as well as wolves) originating from colder climates, made up of a coarse guard hair and a soft down hair, or "single", with the topcoat only.

Q1: Which coat is more common with dogs living in colder climates?
A1: double
Q2: Along with a gruff guard hair, what else makes up the double coat?
A2: soft down hair
Q3: What is the more common coat for dogs from colder climates?
A3: double
Q4: What is a single coat?
A4: topcoat only
Child_labour (Social sciences and society)

The cocoa industry was accused of profiting from child slavery and trafficking. The European Cocoa Association dismissed these accusations as "false and excessive" and the industry said the reports were not representative of all areas. Later the industry acknowledged the working conditions for children were unsatisfactory and children's rights were sometimes violated and acknowledged the claims could not be ignored. In a BBC interview, the ambassador for Ivory Coast to the United Kingdom called these reports of widespread use of slave child labour by 700,000 cocoa farmers as absurd and inaccurate.

Q1: What industry was accused of profiting from child labour?
A1: cocoa industry
Q2: Who dismissed the allegations?
A2: European Cocoa Association
Q3: What are the figures for cocoa farmers using child labour?
A3: 700,000
Q4: Who claimed these reports as being inaccurate?
A4: ambassador for Ivory Coast to the United Kingdom
ASCII (Engineering and technology)

The code itself was patterned so that most control codes were together, and all graphic codes were together, for ease of identification. The first two columns (32 positions) were reserved for control characters.:220, 236 § 8,9) The "space" character had to come before graphics to make sorting easier, so it became position 20hex;:237 § 10 for the same reason, many special signs commonly used as separators were placed before digits. The committee decided it was important to support uppercase 64-character alphabets, and chose to pattern ASCII so it could be reduced easily to a usable 64-character set of graphic codes,:228, 237 § 14 as was done in the DEC SIXBIT code. Lowercase letters were therefore not interleaved with uppercase. To keep options available for lowercase letters and other graphics, the special and numeric codes were arranged before the letters, and the letter A was placed in position 41hex to match the draft of the corresponding British standard.:238 § 18 The digits 0–9 were arranged so they correspond to values in binary prefixed with 011, making conversion with binary-coded decimal straightforward.

Q1: Why was the code patterned so that most codes were together?
A1: for ease of identification
Q2: How many positions are in the first two columns?
A2: 32 positions
Q3: What did the committee decide was important?
A3: to support uppercase 64-character alphabets
Q4: Where was the letter A places in position?
A4: 41hex
Dog (Natural sciences)

The cohabitation of dogs and humans would have greatly improved the chances of survival for early human groups, and the domestication of dogs may have been one of the key forces that led to human success.

Q1: What has likely led to human success?
A1: the domestication of dogs
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 (History)

The collateralized debt obligation in particular enabled financial institutions to obtain investor funds to finance subprime and other lending, extending or increasing the housing bubble and generating large fees. This essentially places cash payments from multiple mortgages or other debt obligations into a single pool from which specific securities draw in a specific sequence of priority. Those securities first in line received investment-grade ratings from rating agencies. Securities with lower priority had lower credit ratings but theoretically a higher rate of return on the amount invested.

Q1: What is the name of the securities that enabled financial institutions to obtain investor funds to finance subprime?
A1: collateralized debt obligation
Q2: What was the outcome of collateralized debt obligations?
A2: extending or increasing the housing bubble
Q3: What type ratings did securities first in line receive from rating agencies?
A3: investment-grade ratings
Q4: What type pool do collateralized debt obligations place their payments from mortgages into?
A4: single pool
Q5: What securities had lower credit ratings but potentially a higher rate of return?
A5: Securities with lower priority
Textual_criticism (Language and literature)

The collation of all known variants of a text is referred to as a variorum, namely a work of textual criticism whereby all variations and emendations are set side by side so that a reader can track how textual decisions have been made in the preparation of a text for publication. The Bible and the works of William Shakespeare have often been the subjects of variorum editions, although the same techniques have been applied with less frequency to many other works, such as Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass, and the prose writings of Edward Fitzgerald.

Q1: What is a variorum?
A1: The collation of all known variants of a text
Q2: What is the purpose of a variorum?
A2: so that a reader can track how textual decisions have been made in the preparation of a text for publication
Q3: Name one author who is less frequently the subject of a variorum.
A3: Edward Fitzgerald
Q4: Name two works that are often the subject of a variorum.
A4: The Bible and the works of William Shakespeare
United_States_dollar (History)

The colloquialism "buck"(s) (much like the British word "quid"(s, pl) for the pound sterling) is often used to refer to dollars of various nations, including the U.S. dollar. This term, dating to the 18th century, may have originated with the colonial leather trade. It may also have originated from a poker term. "Greenback" is another nickname originally applied specifically to the 19th century Demand Note dollars created by Abraham Lincoln to finance the costs of the Civil War for the North. The original note was printed in black and green on the back side. It is still used to refer to the U.S. dollar (but not to the dollars of other countries). Other well-known names of the dollar as a whole in denominations include "greenmail", "green" and "dead presidents" (the last because deceased presidents are pictured on most bills).

Q1: What is the British equivalent of a "buck"?
A1: quid
Q2: In which century can the term "buck" be traced back to?
A2: 18th
Q3: What kind of trade may have been the origin of the "buck"?
A3: colonial leather trade
Q4: What was the nickname given to the Demand Note dollars that were used to finance the Civil War?
A4: Greenback
Q5: What color other than green was used on the backside of the original note?
A5: black
Kathmandu (Geography and places)

The colophons of ancient manuscripts, dated as late as the 20th century, refer to Kathmandu as Kasthamandap Mahanagar in Nepal Mandala. Mahanagar means "great city". The city is called "Kasthamandap" in a vow that Buddhist priests still recite to this day. Thus, Kathmandu is also known as Kasthamandap. During medieval times, the city was sometimes called Kantipur (कान्तिपुर). This name is derived from two Sanskrit words - Kanti and pur. "Kanti" is one of the names of the Goddess Lakshmi, and "pur" means place.

Q1: What is the ancient name of Kathmandu?
A1: Kasthamandap Mahanagar
Q2: How does कान्तिपुर transliterate into English?
A2: Kantipur
Q3: Who is also called Kanti?
A3: Lakshmi
Q4: How do you say place in Sanskrit?
A4: pur
Q5: What is the English translation of Mahanagar?
A5: great city
Dell (History)

The combined business is expected to address the markets for scale-out architecture, converged infrastructure and private cloud computing, playing to the strengths of both EMC and Dell. Commentators have questioned the deal, with FBR Capital Markets saying that though it makes a "ton of sense" for Dell, it's a "nightmare scenario that would lack strategic synergies" for EMC. Fortune said there was a lot for Dell to like in EMC's portfolio, but "does it all add up enough to justify tens of billions of dollars for the entire package? Probably not." The Register reported the view of William Blair & Company that the merger would "blow up the current IT chess board", forcing other IT infrastructure vendors to restructure to achieve scale and vertical integration. The value of VMware stock fell 10% after the announcement, valuing the deal at around $63–64bn rather than the $67bn originally reported.

Q1: What type of computing is the combined effort of EMC and Dell slated to address?
A1: private cloud computing
Q2: What organization commented on the deal between EMC and Dell?
A2: FBR Capital Markets
Q3: How much did VMware stock fall after the merger announcement?
A3: 10%
Q4: What was the original valuation of the merger?
A4: $67bn
Gramophone_record (Music)

The commercial rivalry between RCA Victor and Columbia Records led to RCA Victor's introduction of what it had intended to be a competing vinyl format, the 7-inch (175 mm) 45 rpm disc. For a two-year period from 1948 to 1950, record companies and consumers faced uncertainty over which of these formats would ultimately prevail in what was known as the "War of the Speeds". (See also format war.) In 1949 Capitol and Decca adopted the new LP format and RCA gave in and issued its first LP in January 1950. The 45 rpm size was gaining in popularity, too, and Columbia issued its first 45s in February 1951. By 1954, 200 million 45s had been sold.

Q1: Which two companies were involved in the "War of the Speeds"?
A1: RCA Victor and Columbia Records
Q2: Over which years did the "War of the Speeds" last? 
A2: 1948 to 1950
Q3: Which company lost the "War of the Speeds"?
A3: RCA
Q4: What speed ultimantly ended up winning the war of the speeds?
A4: 45 rpm
Q5: By 1945 what was the total sale of 45s?
A5: 200 million
ASCII (Engineering and technology)

The committee considered an eight-bit code, since eight bits (octets) would allow two four-bit patterns to efficiently encode two digits with binary-coded decimal. However, it would require all data transmission to send eight bits when seven could suffice. The committee voted to use a seven-bit code to minimize costs associated with data transmission. Since perforated tape at the time could record eight bits in one position, it also allowed for a parity bit for error checking if desired.:217, 236 § 5 Eight-bit machines (with octets as the native data type) that did not use parity checking typically set the eighth bit to 0.

Q1: Why did the committee consider a 8 bit code?
A1: eight bits (octets) would allow two four-bit patterns to efficiently encode two digits with binary-coded decimal
Q2: Why did the committee decide on 7bit instead?
A2: minimize costs associated with data transmission
Q3: What allowed for a parity bit for error chicking if needed?
A3: perforated tape at the time could record eight bits in one position
ASCII (Engineering and technology)

The committee debated the possibility of a shift function (like in ITA2), which would allow more than 64 codes to be represented by a six-bit code. In a shifted code, some character codes determine choices between options for the following character codes. It allows compact encoding, but is less reliable for data transmission as an error in transmitting the shift code typically makes a long part of the transmission unreadable. The standards committee decided against shifting, and so ASCII required at least a seven-bit code.:215, 236 § 4

Q1: Why did the committee debate adding a shift function?
A1: would allow more than 64 codes to be represented by a six-bit code
Q2: What is different in a shifted code?
A2: some character codes determine choices between options for the following character codes
Q3: Why did they decide against shifting code?
A3: less reliable for data transmission as an error in transmitting the shift code typically makes a long part of the transmission unreadable
Q4: What happened after they decided agasint shifting?
A4: ASCII required at least a seven-bit code
Solar_energy (Natural sciences)

The common features of passive solar architecture are orientation relative to the Sun, compact proportion (a low surface area to volume ratio), selective shading (overhangs) and thermal mass. When these features are tailored to the local climate and environment they can produce well-lit spaces that stay in a comfortable temperature range. Socrates' Megaron House is a classic example of passive solar design. The most recent approaches to solar design use computer modeling tying together solar lighting, heating and ventilation systems in an integrated solar design package. Active solar equipment such as pumps, fans and switchable windows can complement passive design and improve system performance.

Q1: Socrate's what is a classic example of passive solar design?
A1: Megaron House
Q2: What is a common feature of passive solar architecture?
A2: orientation relative to the Sun
Q3: What is produced when the features of passive solar architecture are customized to the environment?
A3: well-lit spaces that stay in a comfortable temperature range
Q4: What is an example of passive solar design?
A4: Socrates' Megaron House
Q5: What kind of equipment can improve system performance?
A5: pumps, fans and switchable windows
Classical_music (Music)

The common practice period is when many of the ideas that make up western classical music took shape, standardized, or were codified. It began with the Baroque era, running from roughly 1600 to the middle of the 18th century. The Classical era followed, ending roughly around 1820. The Romantic era ran through the 19th century, ending about 1910.

Q1: When did many of the ideas that make up western classical music take shape?
A1: The common practice period
Q2: What began with the Baroque era?
A2: The common practice period
Q3: What era did the classical era follow?
A3: Baroque era
Q4: When did the classical era end?
A4: around 1820
Q5: When did the romantic era end?
A5: about 1910
Tucson,_Arizona (Geography and places)

The community of Casas Adobes is also on the Northwest Side, with the distinction of being Tucson's first suburb, established in the late 1940s. Casas Adobes is centered on the historic Casas Adobes Plaza (built in 1948). Casas Adobes is also home to Tohono Chul Park (a nature preserve) near the intersection of North Oracle Road and West Ina Road. The attempted assassination of Representative Gabrielle Giffords, and the murders of chief judge for the U.S. District Court for Arizona, John Roll and five other people on January 8, 2011, occurred at the La Toscana Village in Casas Adobes. The Foothills Mall is also located on the northwest side in Casas Adobes.

Q1: What is considered Tuscon's first suburb?
A1: Casas Adobes
Q2: When was the Casas Adobes Plaza established?
A2: 1948
Q3: What nature preserve is in Casas Adobes?
A3: Tohono Chul Park
Q4: What representative was almost assassinated at the La Toscana Village?
A4: Gabrielle Giffords
Q5: What mall is located in Casas Adobes?
A5: Foothills Mall
Q6: When was the Casas Adobes Plaza built?
A6: 1948
Q7: What was Tucson's first suburb?
A7: Casas Adobes
Q8: Where is Tohono Chul Park?
A8: near the intersection of North Oracle Road and West Ina Road
Q9: Who was nearly assassinated in Casas Adobes?
A9: Representative Gabrielle Giffords
Q10: What was John Roll's job title?
A10: chief judge for the U.S. District Court for Arizona
Charleston,_South_Carolina (Geography and places)

The community was established by several shiploads of settlers from Bermuda (which lies due east of South Carolina, although at 1,030 km or 640 mi, it is closest to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina), under the leadership of governor William Sayle, on the west bank of the Ashley River, a few miles northwest of the present-day city center. It was soon predicted by the Earl of Shaftesbury, one of the Lords Proprietors, to become a "great port towne", a destiny the city quickly fulfilled. In 1680, the settlement was moved east of the Ashley River to the peninsula between the Ashley and Cooper Rivers. Not only was this location more defensible, but it also offered access to a fine natural harbor.

Q1: Where did Charleston's original settlers come from?
A1: Bermuda
Q2: Bermuda is located near which North Carolina town?
A2: Cape Hatteras
Q3: Who was the first governor of Charleston?
A3: William Sayle
Q4: Who predicted Charleston would become a 'great port towne'?
A4: Earl of Shaftesbury
Q5: The settlement was relocated east to what river?
A5: Ashley River
Dell (History)

The company aims to reduce its external environmental impact through energy-efficient evolution of products, and also reduce its direct operational impact through energy-efficiency programs. Internal energy-efficiency programs reportedly save the company more than $3 million annually in energy-cost savings. The largest component of the company's internal energy-efficiency savings comes through PC power management: the company expects to save $1.8 million in energy costs through using specialized energy-management software on a network of 50,000 PCs.

Q1: What does Dell aim to reduce by creating energy efficient products?
A1: external environmental impact
Q2: How much does energy efficiency save Dell per year?
A2: $3 million
Q3: What is the largest contributor to Dell's energy efficiency savings?
A3: PC power management
Q4: How many PCs does Dell employ energy management software on?
A4: 50,000
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System (Video games)

The company continued to carefully review submitted titles, giving them scores using a 40-point scale and allocating Nintendo's marketing resources accordingly. Each region performed separate evaluations. Nintendo of America also maintained a policy that, among other things, limited the amount of violence in the games on its systems. One game, Mortal Kombat, would challenge this policy. A surprise hit in arcades in 1992, Mortal Kombat features splashes of blood and finishing moves that often depict one character dismembering the other. Because the Genesis version retained the gore while the SNES version did not, it outsold the SNES version by a ratio of three or four-to-one.

Q1: How did Nintendo rank submitted games?
A1: using a 40-point scale
Q2: What game first challenged Nintendo's anti-violence policy?
A2: Mortal Kombat
Q3: When was Mortal Kombat released in arcades?
A3: 1992
Q4: Which game console had a full-gore version of Mortal Kombat?
A4: Genesis
Q5: How much did the Genesis version of Mortal Kombat out-sell the SNES version?
A5: three or four-to-one
Comcast (Geography and places)

The company is often criticized by both the media and its own staff for its less upstanding policies regarding employee relations. A 2012 Reddit post written by an anonymous Comcast call center employee eager to share their negative experiences with the public received attention from publications including The Huffington Post. A 2014 investigative series published by The Verge involved interviews with 150 of Comcast's employees. It sought to examine why the company has become so widely criticized by its customers, the media and even members of its own staff. The series claimed part of the problem is internal and that Comcast's staff endures unreasonable corporate policies. According to the report: "customer service has been replaced by an obsession with sales; technicians are understaffed while tech support is poorly trained; and the company is hobbled by internal fragmentation." A widely read article penned by an anonymous call center employee working for Comcast appeared in November 2014 on Cracked. Titled "Five Nightmares You Live While Working For America's Worst Company," the article also claimed that Comcast is obsessed with sales, doesn't train its employees properly and concluded that "the system makes good customer service impossible."

Q1: Besides customer problems, what other area is Comcast often criticized over?
A1: employee relations
Q2: What online media outlet ran an investigative series on Comcast in 2014?
A2: The Verge
Q3: How many Comcast employees were interviewed for that investigative report?
A3: 150
Q4: What online publication ran a feature from a Comcast employee in 2014 that received attention?
A4: Cracked
Q5: What was this 2014 article anonymously penned by a Comcast Employee called?
A5: "Five Nightmares You Live While Working For America's Worst Company,"
IBM (History)

The company originated in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) through the consolidation of The Tabulating Machine Company, the International Time Recording Company, the Computing Scale Company and the Bundy Manufacturing Company. CTR was renamed "International Business Machines" in 1924, a name which Thomas J. Watson first used for a CTR Canadian subsidiary. The initialism IBM followed. Securities analysts nicknamed the company Big Blue for its size and common use of the color in products, packaging and its logo.

Q1: In what year did the company that was to become IBM form?
A1: 1911
Q2: What was the name of the company that eventually became IBM?
A2: Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR)
Q3: In what year did IBM get its name?
A3: 1924
Q4: What nickname was given to IBM?
A4: Big Blue
Q5: What is one parent company of the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company?
A5: Computing Scale Company