LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Empiricism (Philosophy and religion)

Most of Hume's followers have disagreed with his conclusion that belief in an external world is rationally unjustifiable, contending that Hume's own principles implicitly contained the rational justification for such a belief, that is, beyond being content to let the issue rest on human instinct, custom and habit. According to an extreme empiricist theory known as phenomenalism, anticipated by the arguments of both Hume and George Berkeley, a physical object is a kind of construction out of our experiences. Phenomenalism is the view that physical objects, properties, events (whatever is physical) are reducible to mental objects, properties, events. Ultimately, only mental objects, properties, events, exist — hence the closely related term subjective idealism. By the phenomenalistic line of thinking, to have a visual experience of a real physical thing is to have an experience of a certain kind of group of experiences. This type of set of experiences possesses a constancy and coherence that is lacking in the set of experiences of which hallucinations, for example, are a part. As John Stuart Mill put it in the mid-19th century, matter is the "permanent possibility of sensation". Mill's empiricism went a significant step beyond Hume in still another respect: in maintaining that induction is necessary for all meaningful knowledge including mathematics. As summarized by D.W. Hamlin:

Q1: What conclusion do most of Hume's followers disagree with?
A1: that belief in an external world is rationally unjustifiable
Q2: What did Hume say can't be rationally justified?
A2: belief in an external world
Q3: What is phenomenalism?
A3: physical objects, properties, events (whatever is physical) are reducible to mental objects, properties, events
Q4: What is subjective idealism closely related to?
A4: Phenomenalism
Q5: What did John Stuart Mill say matter is?
A5: the "permanent possibility of sensation"
Nanjing (Geography and places)

Most of Nanjing's major theatres are multi-purpose, used as convention halls, cinemas, musical halls and theatres on different occasions. The major theatres include the People's Convention Hall and the Nanjing Arts and Culture Center. The Capital Theatre well known in the past is now a museum in theatre/film.

Q1: What can most of Nanjing's multi-purpose theatres be used for?
A1: convention halls, cinemas, musical halls and theatres
Q2: What are the two most prominent theatres in Nanjing?
A2: the People's Convention Hall and the Nanjing Arts and Culture Center
Q3: What is the current purpose of The Capital Theatre?
A3: a museum in theatre/film
Q4: What was the popularity of The Capital Theater, in the past?
A4: well known
Institute_of_technology (Engineering and technology)

Most of Thailand's institutes of technology were developed from technical colleges, in the past could not grant bachelor's degrees; today, however, they are university level institutions, some of which can grant degrees to the doctoral level. Examples are Pathumwan Institute of Technology (developed from Pathumwan Technical School), King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (Nondhaburi Telecommunications Training Centre), and King Mongkut's Institute of Technology North Bangkok (Thai-German Technical School).

Q1: Most institutes of technology in Thailand were born out of what other type of institutions?
A1: technical colleges
Q2: What type of degree were Thailand's technical colleges historically not allowed to confer?
A2: bachelor's degrees
Q3: What's the new name of Pathumwan Technical School?
A3: Pathumwan Institute of Technology
Annelid (Natural sciences)

Most of an annelid's body consists of segments that are practically identical, having the same sets of internal organs and external chaetae (Greek χαιτη, meaning "hair") and, in some species, appendages. However, the frontmost and rearmost sections are not regarded as true segments as they do not contain the standard sets of organs and do not develop in the same way as the true segments. The frontmost section, called the prostomium (Greek προ- meaning "in front of" and στομα meaning "mouth") contains the brain and sense organs, while the rearmost, called the pygidium (Greek πυγιδιον, meaning "little tail") or periproct contains the anus, generally on the underside. The first section behind the prostomium, called the peristomium (Greek περι- meaning "around" and στομα meaning "mouth"), is regarded by some zoologists as not a true segment, but in some polychaetes the peristomium has chetae and appendages like those of other segments.

Q1: What language does the term 'chaetae' come from?
A1: Greek
Q2: What does 'chaetae' mean?
A2: hair
Q3: Which parts of annelids are different from true segments?
A3: the frontmost and rearmost sections
Q4: What language does 'prostomium' come from?
A4: Greek
Q5: What does 'pygidium' mean?
A5: little tail
Alsace (History)

Most of the Alsatian population is Roman Catholic, but, largely because of the region's German heritage, a significant Protestant community also exists: today, the EPCAAL (a Lutheran church) is France's second largest Protestant church, also forming an administrative union (UEPAL) with the much smaller Calvinist EPRAL. Unlike the rest of France, the Local law in Alsace-Moselle still provides for to the Napoleonic Concordat of 1801 and the organic articles, which provides public subsidies to the Roman Catholic, Lutheran, and Calvinist churches, as well as to Jewish synagogues; religion classes in one of these faiths is compulsory in public schools. This divergence in policy from the French majority is due to the region having been part of Imperial Germany when the 1905 law separating the French church and state was instituted (for a more comprehensive history, see: Alsace-Lorraine). Controversy erupts periodically on the appropriateness of this legal disposition, as well as on the exclusion of other religions from this arrangement.

Q1: Which group or religion dominates the Aslatian population?
A1: Roman Catholic
Q2: Which other large religion also exist in Alsace due to the once German presence?
A2: Protestant
Q3: What is the name of the Union created by France's second largest Protestant church?
A3: UEPAL
North_Carolina (Geography and places)

Most of the English colonists had arrived as indentured servants, hiring themselves out as laborers for a fixed period to pay for their passage. In the early years the line between indentured servants and African slaves or laborers was fluid. Some Africans were allowed to earn their freedom before slavery became a lifelong status. Most of the free colored families formed in North Carolina before the Revolution were descended from unions or marriages between free white women and enslaved or free African or African-American men. Because the mothers were free, their children were born free. Many had migrated or were descendants of migrants from colonial Virginia. As the flow of indentured laborers to the colony decreased with improving economic conditions in Great Britain, planters imported more slaves, and the state's legal delineations between free and slave status tightened, effectively hardening the latter into a racial caste. The economy's growth and prosperity was based on slave labor, devoted first to the production of tobacco.

Q1: Most English colonists arrived as what?
A1: indentured servants
Q2: Indentured servants hired theirselves out as what?
A2: laborers
Q3: What did the English settlers get in return for their labor?
A3: passage
Q4: Indentured servants were similar to what people in the early days?
A4: African slaves
Q5: As indentured servants improved the economy, there became a greater need to import more what?
A5: slaves
Estonia (Geography and places)

Most of the Estonian Defence Forces surrendered according to the orders of the Estonian government, believing that resistance was useless and were disarmed by the Red Army. Only the Estonian Independent Signal Battalion showed resistance to Red Army and Communist militia "People's Self-Defence" units in front of the XXI Grammar School in Tallinn on 21 June. As the Red Army brought in additional reinforcements supported by six armoured fighting vehicles, the battle lasted several hours until sundown. Finally the military resistance was ended with negotiations and the Independent Signal Battalion surrendered and was disarmed. There were two dead Estonian servicemen, Aleksei Männikus and Johannes Mandre, and several wounded on the Estonian side and about ten killed and more wounded on the Soviet side.

Q1: Who commanded the defense of the Estonia to surrender?
A1: the Estonian government
Q2: Who disarmed the Estonian Defence Forces?
A2: the Red Army
Q3: What was the name of the single unit that didn't surrender?
A3: the Estonian Independent Signal Battalion
Q4: When did the Estonian Independent Signal Battalion face off against the Soviets?
A4: 21 June
Presbyterianism (History)

Most of the Korean Presbyterian denominations share the same name in Korean, 대한예수교장로회 (literally means the Presbyterian Church of Korea or PCK), tracing its roots to the United Presbyterian Assembly before its long history of disputes and schisms. The Presbyterian schism began with the controversy in relation to the Japanese shrine worship enforced during the Japanese colonial period and the establishment of a minor division (Koryu-pa, 고려파, later The Koshin Presbyterian Church in Korea, Koshin 고신) in 1952. And in 1953 the second schism happened when the theological orientation of the Chosun Seminary (later Hanshin University) founded in 1947 could not be tolerated in the PCK and another minor group (The Presbyterian Church in the Republic of Korea, Kijang, 기장) was separated. The last major schism had to do with the issue of whether the PCK should join the WCC. The controversy divided the PCK into two denominations, The Presbyterian Church of Korea (Tonghap, 통합) and The General Assembly of Presbyterian Church in Korea (Hapdong, 합동) in 1959. All major seminaries associated with each denomination claim heritage from the Pyung Yang Theological Seminary, therefore, not only Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary and Chongsin University which are related to PCK but also Hanshin University of PROK all celebrated the 100th class in 2007, 100 years from the first graduates of Pyung Yang Theological Seminary.

Q1: Most of the churches in Korea carry the same name, what is it?
A1: Presbyterian Church of Korea
Q2: What year did the second schism take place?
A2: 1953
Q3: What was the main reason for the latest schism?
A3: whether the PCK should join the WCC
Q4: What year was the Chosun Seminary founded?
A4: 1947
Q5: In what year did the Korean church celebrate the 100th class?
A5: 2007
Dutch_Republic (History)

Most of the Low Countries had come under the rule of the House of Burgundy and subsequently the House of Habsburg. In 1549 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V issued the Pragmatic Sanction, which further unified the Seventeen Provinces under his rule. Charles was succeeded by his son, King Philip II of Spain. In 1568 the Netherlands, led by William I of Orange, revolted against Philip II because of high taxes, persecution of Protestants by the government, and Philip's efforts to modernize and centralize the devolved-medieval government structures of the provinces. This was the start of the Eighty Years' War.

Q1: The majority of the Low Countries were ruled by which houses?
A1: the House of Burgundy and subsequently the House of Habsburg
Q2: Who issued the Pragmatic Sanction?
A2: Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
Q3: In what year did the Netherlands rise up against Philip II?
A3: 1568
Q4: Why did the people of the Netherlands rise up against Philip II?
A4: high taxes, persecution of Protestants by the government, and Philip's efforts to modernize and centralize the devolved-medieval government structures of the provinces
British_Empire (History)

Most of the UK's Caribbean territories achieved independence after the departure in 1961 and 1962 of Jamaica and Trinidad from the West Indies Federation, established in 1958 in an attempt to unite the British Caribbean colonies under one government, but which collapsed following the loss of its two largest members. Barbados achieved independence in 1966 and the remainder of the eastern Caribbean islands in the 1970s and 1980s, but Anguilla and the Turks and Caicos Islands opted to revert to British rule after they had already started on the path to independence. The British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands and Montserrat opted to retain ties with Britain, while Guyana achieved independence in 1966. Britain's last colony on the American mainland, British Honduras, became a self-governing colony in 1964 and was renamed Belize in 1973, achieving full independence in 1981. A dispute with Guatemala over claims to Belize was left unresolved.

Q1: Which British territory received independence in 1961?
A1: Jamaica
Q2: Which British territory received independence in 1962?
A2: Trinidad
Q3: When did Barbados get independence?
A3: 1966
Q4: Which islands decided to return to British rule after receiving independence?
A4: Anguilla and the Turks and Caicos
Q5: What was Britain's last American mainland colony?
A5: British Honduras
Kathmandu (Geography and places)

Most of the cuisines found in Kathmandu are non-vegetarian. However, the practice of vegetarianism is not uncommon, and vegetarian cuisines can be found throughout the city. Consumption of beef is very uncommon and considered taboo in many places. Buff (meat of water buffalo) is very common. There is a strong tradition of buff consumption in Kathmandu, especially among Newars, which is not found in other parts of Nepal. Consumption of pork was considered taboo until a few decades ago. Due to the intermixing with Kirat cuisine from eastern Nepal, pork has found a place in Kathmandu dishes. A fringe population of devout Hindus and Muslims consider it taboo. The Muslims forbid eating buff as from Quran while Hindus eat all varieties except Cow's meat as the consider Cow to be a goddess and symbol of purity. The chief breakfast for locals and visitors is mostly Momo or Chowmein.

Q1: What meat is very rarely eaten in Kathmandu?
A1: beef
Q2: What animal does buff come from?
A2: water buffalo
Q3: What people are particularly known for eating buff?
A3: Newars
Q4: What cuisine notably makes use of pork?
A4: Kirat
Q5: What do Kathmandu residents typically eat for breakfast?
A5: Momo or Chowmein
Economy_of_Greece (Geography and places)

Most of the differences in the revised budget deficit numbers were due to a temporary change of accounting practices by the new government, i.e., recording expenses when military material was ordered rather than received. However, it was the retroactive application of ESA95 methodology (applied since 2000) by Eurostat, that finally raised the reference year (1999) budget deficit to 3.38% of GDP, thus exceeding the 3% limit. This led to claims that Greece (similar claims have been made about other European countries like Italy) had not actually met all five accession criteria, and the common perception that Greece entered the Eurozone through "falsified" deficit numbers.

Q1: What were the majority of the differences in the revised budget due to the temporary changing of?
A1: accounting practices
Q2: When were expenses recorded by the new government?
A2: when military material was ordered rather than received
Q3: What did retroactively applying the ESA95 methodology result in raising the budget deficit to?
A3: 3.38% of GDP
Q4: By how much did the budget deficit of Greece exceed the 3% limit in the reference year of 1999?
A4: .38%
Q5: What other European country were claims similar to those levied against Greece made?
A5: Italy
Brain (Natural sciences)

Most of the enlargement of the primate brain comes from a massive expansion of the cerebral cortex, especially the prefrontal cortex and the parts of the cortex involved in vision. The visual processing network of primates includes at least 30 distinguishable brain areas, with a complex web of interconnections. It has been estimated that visual processing areas occupy more than half of the total surface of the primate neocortex. The prefrontal cortex carries out functions that include planning, working memory, motivation, attention, and executive control. It takes up a much larger proportion of the brain for primates than for other species, and an especially large fraction of the human brain.

Q1: Primates have a visual processing network of how many brain areas?
A1: 30
Q2: The visual processing areas occupy how much of the surface of the neocortex or primates?
A2: more than half
Q3: Planning, motivation, and attention are controlled by what area?
A3: prefrontal cortex
Q4: The prefrontal cortex is the largest in what animals?
A4: primates
Kathmandu (Geography and places)

Most of the fairs and festivals in Kathmandu originated in the Malla period or earlier. Traditionally, these festivals were celebrated by Newars. In recent years, these festivals have found wider participation from other Kathmanduites as well. As the capital of the Republic of Nepal, various national festivals are celebrated in Kathmandu. With mass migration to the city, the cultures of Khas from the west, Kirats from the east, Bon/Tibetan from the north, and Mithila from the south meet in the capital and mingle harmoniously. The festivities such as the Ghode (horse) Jatra, Indra Jatra, Dashain Durga Puja festivals, Shivratri and many more are observed by all Hindu and Buddhist communities of Kathmandu with devotional fervor and enthusiasm. Social regulation in the codes enacted incorporate Hindu traditions and ethics. These were followed by the Shah kings and previous kings, as devout Hindus and protectors of Buddhist religion.

Q1: To what era do a majority of Kathmandu's festivals date back to?
A1: Malla
Q2: Before the modern era, who mostly celebrated Kathmandu festivals?
A2: Newars
Q3: In what direction out of Kathmandu did the Khas originate from?
A3: west
Q4: What does Ghode mean?
A4: horse
Q5: In relation to Kathmandu, where do the Tibetans hale?
A5: north
Space_Race (History)

Most of the novice pilots on the early missions would command the later missions. In this way, Project Gemini built up spaceflight experience for the pool of astronauts who would be chosen to fly the Apollo lunar missions.

Q1: Project Gemini helped recruit experienced people for which upcoming lunar missions?
A1: Apollo
Bern (Geography and places)

Most of the population (as of 2000[update]) speaks German (104,465 or 81.2%) as their first language, Italian is the second most common (5,062 or 3.9%) and French is the third (4,671 or 3.6%). There are 171 people who speak Romansh.

Q1: What is the main lanuage of Bern?
A1: German
Q2: What is the second most common language?
A2: Italian
Q3: What percent of the population speaks German?
A3: 81.2%
Paris (Geography and places)

Most of the postwar's presidents of the Fifth Republic wanted to leave their own monuments in Paris; President Georges Pompidou started the Centre Georges Pompidou (1977), Valéry Giscard d'Estaing began the Musée d'Orsay (1986); President François Mitterrand, in power for 14 years, built the Opéra Bastille (1985-1989), the Bibliothèque nationale de France (1996), the Arche de la Défense (1985-1989), and the Louvre Pyramid with its underground courtyard (1983-1989); Jacques Chirac (2006), the Musée du quai Branly.

Q1: In what year was the Centre Georges Pompidou erected?
A1: 1977
Q2: What did Valery Giscard d'Estaing have erected?
A2: Musée d'Orsay
Q3: How many years was Francois Mitterrand in power?
A3: 14
Q4: What did Jacques Chirac have built?
A4: Musée du quai Branly
Q5: In what year was the Musee de quai Branly built?
A5: 2006
Marshall_Islands (Geography and places)

Most of the residents are Marshallese, who are of Micronesian origin and migrated from Asia several thousand years ago. A minority of Marshallese have some recent Asian ancestry, mainly Japanese. About one-half of the nation's population lives on Majuro, the capital, and Ebeye, a densely populated island. The outer islands are sparsely populated due to lack of employment opportunities and economic development. Life on the outer atolls is generally traditional.

Q1: What is the ethnicity of most Marshall Islands residents?
A1: Marshallese
Q2: From what continent did the Marshallese originate?
A2: Asia
Q3: What fraction of the population lives on Majuro or Ebeye?
A3: one-half
Q4: What recent Asian ancestry do some Marshall Island residents have?
A4: Japanese
Q5: From when did the Marshallese migrate from the Asian continent?
A5: several thousand years ago
Brain (Natural sciences)

Most of the space in the brain is taken up by axons, which are often bundled together in what are called nerve fiber tracts. A myelinated axon is wrapped in a fatty insulating sheath of myelin, which serves to greatly increase the speed of signal propagation. (There are also unmyelinated axons). Myelin is white, making parts of the brain filled exclusively with nerve fibers appear as light-colored white matter, in contrast to the darker-colored grey matter that marks areas with high densities of neuron cell bodies.

Q1: Axons grouped together are known as what?
A1: nerve fiber tracts
Q2: An axon that can greatly increase speed of signals is wrapped in what?
A2: sheath of myelin
Q3: Myelin is what color in the brain?
A3: white
Q4: Most of the space in the brain is made up of what structures?
A4: axons
Q5: Grey matter of the brain consist of lots of what?
A5: neuron cell bodies
Tennessee (Geography and places)

Most of the state has a humid subtropical climate, with the exception of some of the higher elevations in the Appalachians, which are classified as having a mountain temperate climate or a humid continental climate due to cooler temperatures. The Gulf of Mexico is the dominant factor in the climate of Tennessee, with winds from the south being responsible for most of the state's annual precipitation. Generally, the state has hot summers and mild to cool winters with generous precipitation throughout the year, with highest average monthly precipitation generally in the winter and spring months, between December and April. The driest months, on average, are August to October. On average the state receives 50 inches (130 cm) of precipitation annually. Snowfall ranges from 5 inches (13 cm) in West Tennessee to over 16 inches (41 cm) in the higher mountains in East Tennessee.

Q1: What is the most common climate across Tennessee?
A1: humid subtropical
Q2: Most of Tennessee has which type of climate?
A2: humid subtropical
Q3: Which mountains contain those parts of Tennessee with a temperate climate?
A3: Appalachians
Q4: Which body of ocean water affects Tennessee's climate the most?
A4: Gulf of Mexico
Q5: Which range of months is Tennessee's wettest?
A5: between December and April
Q6: What is Tennessee's average annual precipitation in inches?
A6: 50