LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
High-definition_television (Engineering and technology)

In 1983, the International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) set up a working party (IWP11/6) with the aim of setting a single international HDTV standard. One of the thornier issues concerned a suitable frame/field refresh rate, the world already having split into two camps, 25/50 Hz and 30/60 Hz, largely due to the differences in mains frequency. The IWP11/6 working party considered many views and throughout the 1980s served to encourage development in a number of video digital processing areas, not least conversion between the two main frame/field rates using motion vectors, which led to further developments in other areas. While a comprehensive HDTV standard was not in the end established, agreement on the aspect ratio was achieved.

Q1: When did ITU-R start trying to work towards setting a single international HDTV standard?
A1: 1983
Q2: What did ITU-R start trying to do in 1983?
A2: setting a single international HDTV standard
Q3: What was one of the issues with setting a single HDTV standard?
A3: a suitable frame/field refresh rate
Q4: What was used as a conversion between the two main frame/field rates?
A4: motion vectors
Q5: How many frame/field rates were primarily being used in 1983?
A5: two
Chicago_Cubs (Sports and recreation)

In 1984, each league had two divisions, East and West. The divisional winners met in a best-of-5 series to advance to the World Series, in a "2–3" format, first two games were played at the home of the team who did not have home field advantage. Then the last three games were played at the home of the team, with home field advantage. Thus the first two games were played at Wrigley Field and the next three at the home of their opponents, San Diego. A common and unfounded myth is that since Wrigley Field did not have lights at that time the National League decided to give the home field advantage to the winner of the NL West. In fact, home field advantage had rotated between the winners of the East and West since 1969 when the league expanded. In even numbered years, the NL West had home field advantage. In odd numbered years, the NL East had home field advantage. Since the NL East winners had had home field advantage in 1983, the NL West winners were entitled to it.

Q1: In what year did the league have two divisions? 
A1: 1984
Q2: The division winners met in what kind of series to advance to the World Series?
A2: best-of-5 series
Q3: Where were the first two games of the 1984 division winners held?
A3: Wrigley Field
Friedrich_Hayek (Social sciences and society)

In 1984, he was appointed a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour by Queen Elizabeth II on the advice of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher for his "services to the study of economics". He was the first recipient of the Hanns Martin Schleyer Prize in 1984. He also received the US Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1991 from President George H. W. Bush. In 2011, his article "The Use of Knowledge in Society" was selected as one of the top 20 articles published in The American Economic Review during its first 100 years.

Q1: Hayek became a member of which group in 1984?
A1: Order of the Companions of Honour
Q2: For what reason was Hayek inducted into the order?
A2: services to the study of economics
Q3: What award was Hayek the first to receive?
A3: Hanns Martin Schleyer Prize
Q4: Who awarded Hayek the Medal of Freedom?
A4: President George H. W. Bush
Q5: Which of Hayek's articles received recognition in 2011?
A5: The Use of Knowledge in Society
Friedrich_Hayek (Social sciences and society)

In 1984, he was appointed as a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) by Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom on the advice of the British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher for his "services to the study of economics". Hayek had hoped to receive a baronetcy, and after he was awarded the CH he sent a letter to his friends requesting that he be called the English version of Friedrich (Frederick) from now on. After his 20 min audience with the Queen, he was "absolutely besotted" with her according to his daughter-in-law, Esca Hayek. Hayek said a year later that he was "amazed by her. That ease and skill, as if she'd known me all my life." The audience with the Queen was followed by a dinner with family and friends at the Institute of Economic Affairs. When, later that evening, Hayek was dropped off at the Reform Club, he commented: "I've just had the happiest day of my life."

Q1: What group was Hayek inducted into by the Queen of England?
A1: Order of the Companions of Honour
Q2: Who suggest Hayek for the honor of joining the Order?
A2: Margaret Thatcher
Q3: In 1984, what was Margaret Thatcher's position within the British government?
A3: Prime Minister
Q4: How did Hayek wish to be referred to after his 1984 award?
A4: Frederick
Q5: At the end of the same day Hayek met with the Queen of England, what did he say?
A5: "I've just had the happiest day of my life."
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

In 1985, Madonna commented that the first song to ever make a strong impression on her was "These Boots Are Made for Walkin'" by Nancy Sinatra; she said it summed up her own "take-charge attitude". As a young woman, she attempted to broaden her taste in literature, art, and music, and during this time became interested in classical music. She noted that her favorite style was baroque, and loved Mozart and Chopin because she liked their "feminine quality". Madonna's major influences include Karen Carpenter, The Supremes and Led Zeppelin, as well as dancers Martha Graham and Rudolf Nureyev. She also grew up listening to David Bowie, whose show was the first rock concert she ever attended.

Q1: Which song made a strong impression on Madonna?
A1: These Boots Are Made for Walkin
Q2: Who sang the song these boots are made for walking?
A2: Nancy Sinatra;
Q3: Whose favorite style is baroque?
A3: Madonna
Q4: Who grew up listening to David Bowie?
A4: Madonna
Q5: Name one of Madonna's major influence?
A5: Karen Carpenter
Arnold_Schwarzenegger (Media and drama)

In 1985, Schwarzenegger appeared in "Stop the Madness", an anti-drug music video sponsored by the Reagan administration. He first came to wide public notice as a Republican during the 1988 presidential election, accompanying then-Vice President George H.W. Bush at a campaign rally.

Q1: What was the title of the anti-drug music video Schwarzenegger appeared in under the Reagan administration's sponsorship?
A1: "Stop the Madness"
Q2: In what presidential election year did Schwarzenegger make a name for himself as a prominent Republican?
A2: 1988
Q3: Which candidate did Schwarzenegger appear with at a presidential campaign rally?
A3: George H.W. Bush
Steven_Spielberg (Media and drama)

In 1985, Spielberg released The Color Purple, an adaptation of Alice Walker's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same name, about a generation of empowered African-American women during depression-era America. Starring Whoopi Goldberg and future talk-show superstar Oprah Winfrey, the film was a box office smash and critics hailed Spielberg's successful foray into the dramatic genre. Roger Ebert proclaimed it the best film of the year and later entered it into his Great Films archive. The film received eleven Academy Award nominations, including two for Goldberg and Winfrey. However, much to the surprise of many, Spielberg did not get a Best Director nomination.

Q1: Who wrote 'The Color Purple'?
A1: Alice Walker
Q2: What was 'The Color Purple' about?
A2: a generation of empowered African-American women during depression-era America
Q3: Who starred in 'The Color Purple'?
A3: Whoopi Goldberg and future talk-show superstar Oprah Winfrey
Q4: What did Ebert think of 'The Color Purple'?
A4: proclaimed it the best film of the year and later entered it into his Great Films archive
Q5: How many Oscar nominations did 'The Color Purple' get?
A5: eleven
Macintosh (Engineering and technology)

In 1985, the combination of the Mac, Apple's LaserWriter printer, and Mac-specific software like Boston Software's MacPublisher and Aldus PageMaker enabled users to design, preview, and print page layouts complete with text and graphics—an activity to become known as desktop publishing. Initially, desktop publishing was unique to the Macintosh, but eventually became available for other platforms. Later, applications such as Macromedia FreeHand, QuarkXPress, and Adobe's Photoshop and Illustrator strengthened the Mac's position as a graphics computer and helped to expand the emerging desktop publishing market.

Q1: When was the activity of desktop publishing first used?
A1: 1985
Q2: What company was desktop publishing unique to at it's beginning?
A2: Macintosh
Q3: What three things were combined to develop desktop publishing?
A3: Mac, Apple's LaserWriter printer, and Mac-specific software like Boston Software's MacPublisher
Q4: What did desktop publishing enable users to do?
A4: design, preview, and print page layouts complete with text and graphics
Q5: What applications strengthened Mac's position as a graphics computer?
A5: Macromedia FreeHand, QuarkXPress, and Adobe's Photoshop and Illustrator
Sony_Music_Entertainment (Music)

In 1986, CBS sold its music publishing arm, CBS Songs, to Stephen Swid, Martin Bandier, and Charles Koppelman for $125 million making it the foundation of their SBK Entertainment.

Q1: In what year did CBS sell CBS Songs?
A1: 1986
Q2: How much was the sale of CBS Songs?
A2: $125 million
Q3: Who were the 3 people who bought CBS Songs?
A3: Stephen Swid, Martin Bandier, and Charles Koppelman
Dell (History)

In 1986, Michael Dell brought in Lee Walker, a 51-year-old venture capitalist, as president and chief operating officer, to serve as Michael's mentor and implement Michael's ideas for growing the company. Walker was also instrumental in recruiting members to the board of directors when the company went public in 1988. Walker retired in 1990 due to health, and Michael Dell hired Morton Meyerson, former CEO and president of Electronic Data Systems to transform the company from a fast-growing medium-sized firm into a billion-dollar enterprise.

Q1: What year did Michael Dell bring in Lee Walker to the company?
A1: 1986
Q2: What did Lee Walker recruit members to Dell for?
A2: board of directors
Q3: What year did Walker retire?
A3: 1990
Q4: What was Morton Meyerson's position at his former company?
A4: CEO
Nintendo_Entertainment_System (Video games)

In 1986, Nintendo released the Famicom Disk System (FDS) in Japan, a type of floppy drive that uses a single-sided, proprietary 5 cm (2") disk and plugs into the cartridge port. It contains RAM for the game to load into and an extra single-cycle wavetable-lookup sound chip. The disks were originally obtained from kiosks in malls and other public places where buyers could select a title and have it written to the disk. This process would cost less than cartridges and users could take the disk back to a vending booth and have it rewritten with a new game. The disks were used both for storing the game and saving progress and total capacity was 128k (64k per side).

Q1: What year did Nintendo release the Famicom Disk System?
A1: 1986
Q2: Where could the disks for the game be obtained?
A2: kiosks in malls
Q3: How were the disks purchased?
A3: buyers could select a title and have it written to the disk
Q4: What were the storage disks used for?
A4: storing the game and saving progress
Q5: What was the total capacity of a disk?
A5: 128k
LaserDisc (Engineering and technology)

In 1986, a SCSI-equipped LaserDisc player attached to a BBC Master computer was used for the BBC Domesday Project. The player was referred as an LV-ROM (LaserVision Read Only Memory) as the discs contained the driving software as well as the video frames. The discs used the CAV format, and encoded data as a binary signal represented by the analog audio recording. These discs could contain in each CAV frame video/audio or video/binary data, but not both. "Data" frames would appear blank when played as video. It was typical for each disc to start with the disc catalog (a few blank frames) then the video introduction before the rest of the data. Because the format (based on the ADFS hard disc format) used a starting sector for each file, the data layout effectively skipped over any video frames. If all 54,000 frames are used for data storage an LV-ROM disc can contain 324 MB of data per side. The Domesday Project systems also included a genlock, allowing video frames, clips and audio to be mixed with graphics originated from the BBC Master; this was used to great effect for displaying high resolution photographs and maps, which could then be zoomed into.

Q1: In what year did the Doomsday project occur?
A1: 1986
Q2: Which equipment was used for the Doomsday Project?
A2: a SCSI-equipped LaserDisc player attached to a BBC Master computer
Q3: What does LV-ROM stand for?
A3: LaserVision Read Only Memory
Q4: The Doomsday Project discs used which formatting?
A4: CAV
Turner_Classic_Movies (History)

In 1986, eight years before the launch of Turner Classic Movies, Ted Turner acquired the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film studio for $1.5 billion. Concerns over Turner Entertainment's corporate debt load resulted in Turner selling the studio that October back to Kirk Kerkorian, from whom Turner had purchased the studio less than a year before. As part of the deal, Turner Entertainment retained ownership of MGM's library of films released up to May 9, 1986. Turner Broadcasting System was split into two companies; Turner Broadcasting System and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and reincorporated as MGM/UA Communications Co.

Q1: How much did Ted Turner pay for Metro-Goldwyn Mayer?
A1: $1.5 billion
Q2: In what year did Ted Turner buy Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer?
A2: 1986
Q3: Who did Ted Turner sell Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer to?
A3: Kirk Kerkorian
Q4: Who did Ted Turner buy Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer from?
A4: Kirk Kerkorian
Q5: Up to what date of release did Turner retain ownership of the MGM film library?
A5: May 9, 1986
Marshall_Islands (Geography and places)

In 1986, the Compact of Free Association with the United States entered into force, granting the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) its sovereignty. The Compact provided for aid and U.S. defense of the islands in exchange for continued U.S. military use of the missile testing range at Kwajalein Atoll. The independence procedure was formally completed under international law in 1990, when the UN officially ended the Trusteeship status pursuant to Security Council Resolution 683.

Q1: What document granted sovereignty to the Marshall Islands?
A1: the Compact of Free Association
Q2: In what year did the Marshall Islands receive sovereignty?
A2: 1986
Q3: Where in the Marshall Islands does the United States have a missile testing range?
A3: Kwajalein Atoll
Q4: When did UN Trusteeship over the Marshall Islands end?
A4: 1990
Q5: What Security Council Resolution ended UN Trusteeship over the Marshalls?
A5: Security Council Resolution 683
Macintosh (Engineering and technology)

In 1987, Apple spun off its software business as Claris. It was given the code and rights to several applications, most notably MacWrite, MacPaint, and MacProject. In the late 1980s, Claris released a number of revamped software titles; the result was the "Pro" series, including MacDraw Pro, MacWrite Pro, and FileMaker Pro. To provide a complete office suite, Claris purchased the rights to the Informix Wingz spreadsheet program on the Mac, renaming it Claris Resolve, and added the new presentation software Claris Impact. By the early 1990s, Claris applications were shipping with the majority of consumer-level Macintoshes and were extremely popular. In 1991, Claris released ClarisWorks, which soon became their second best-selling application. When Claris was reincorporated back into Apple in 1998, ClarisWorks was renamed AppleWorks beginning with version 5.0.

Q1: In 1987, what did Apple spin off its software business as?
A1: Claris
Q2: Which series of applications was Claris responsible for inventing?
A2: "Pro" series
Q3: What did Claris rename the Informix Wingz spreadsheet program?
A3: Claris Resolve
Q4: What was ClarisWorks renamed beginning with version 5.0?
A4: AppleWorks
Q5: When was ClarisWorks reincorporated back into Apple?
A5: 1998
Steven_Spielberg (Media and drama)

In 1987, as China began opening to Western capital investment, Spielberg shot the first American film in Shanghai since the 1930s, an adaptation of J. G. Ballard's autobiographical novel Empire of the Sun, starring John Malkovich and a young Christian Bale. The film garnered much praise from critics and was nominated for several Oscars, but did not yield substantial box office revenues. Reviewer Andrew Sarris called it the best film of the year and later included it among the best films of the decade. Spielberg was also a co-producer of the 1987 film *batteries not included.

Q1: Until the 1980s, when had an American film last been shot in Shanghai?
A1: the 1930s
Q2: Who wrote 'Empire of the Sun'?
A2: J. G. Ballard
Q3: Who starred in 'Empire of the Sun'?
A3: John Malkovich and a young Christian Bale
Q4: Who thought 'Empire of the Sun' was the best film of the year?
A4: Andrew Sarris
Q5: What was Spielberg's role on 'Batteries Not Included'?
A5: co-producer
Elizabeth_II (History)

In 1987, in Canada, Elizabeth publicly supported politically divisive constitutional amendments, prompting criticism from opponents of the proposed changes, including Pierre Trudeau. The same year, the elected Fijian government was deposed in a military coup. Elizabeth, as monarch of Fiji, supported the attempts of the Governor-General, Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau, to assert executive power and negotiate a settlement. Coup leader Sitiveni Rabuka deposed Ganilau and declared Fiji a republic. By the start of 1991, republican feeling in Britain had risen because of press estimates of the Queen's private wealth—which were contradicted by the Palace—and reports of affairs and strained marriages among her extended family. The involvement of the younger royals in the charity game show It's a Royal Knockout was ridiculed and the Queen was the target of satire.

Q1: When did Elizabeth support constitutional amendments in Canada?
A1: 1987
Q2: What politician criticized the proposed changes?
A2: Pierre Trudeau
Q3: In 1987 what elected government was removed in a coup?
A3: Fijian government
Q4: What did coup leader Sitiveni Rabuka declare Fiji to be?
A4: republic
Q5: In 1991 what money issue of the Queen was a feature of public criticism?
A5: private wealth
Canadian_Armed_Forces (Warfare)

In 1987, occupations and units with the primary role of preparing for direct involvement in combat on the ground or at sea were still closed to women: infantry, armoured corps, field artillery, air-defence artillery, signals, field engineers, and naval operations. On 5 February 1987, the Minister of National Defence created an office to study the impact of employing men and women in combat units. These trials were called Combat-Related Employment of Women.

Q1: Name some of the jobs in the CAF off limits to women in the 1980s.
A1: infantry, armoured corps, field artillery, air-defence artillery
Q2: On what date was a study created to research the impart of women in direct involvement?
A2: 5 February 1987
Q3: Who created an office to study these effects?
A3: the Minister of National Defence
Q4: What was the study called?
A4: Combat-Related Employment of Women
Imperial_College_London (History)

In 1988 Imperial merged with St Mary's Hospital Medical School, becoming The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine. In 1995 Imperial launched its own academic publishing house, Imperial College Press, in partnership with World Scientific. Imperial merged with the National Heart and Lung Institute in 1995 and the Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Royal Postgraduate Medical School (RPMS) and the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in 1997. In the same year the Imperial College School of Medicine was formally established and all of the property of Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, the National Heart and Lung Institute and the Royal Postgraduate Medical School were transferred to Imperial as the result of the Imperial College Act 1997. In 1998 the Sir Alexander Fleming Building was opened by Queen Elizabeth II to provide a headquarters for the College's medical and biomedical research.

Q1: In which year did Imperial merge with St Mary's Hospital Medical School?
A1: 1988
Q2: Which school resulted from Imperial's merger with St Mary's?
A2: The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine
Q3: Who did Imperial partner with to launch the Imperial College Press?
A3: World Scientific
Q4: What year was the Imperial College School of Medicine formally established?
A4: 1997
Q5: What is the name of the building that was opened by Queen Elizabeth II?
A5: Sir Alexander Fleming Building
Macintosh (Engineering and technology)

In 1988, Apple sued Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard on the grounds that they infringed Apple's copyrighted GUI, citing (among other things) the use of rectangular, overlapping, and resizable windows. After four years, the case was decided against Apple, as were later appeals. Apple's actions were criticized by some in the software community, including the Free Software Foundation (FSF), who felt Apple was trying to monopolize on GUIs in general, and boycotted GNU software for the Macintosh platform for seven years.

Q1: On what grounds did Apple sue Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard in 1988?
A1: they infringed Apple's copyrighted GUI
Q2: How was the lawsuit decided for Apple vs. Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard?
A2: against Apple
Q3: What did the FSF feel that Apple was trying to monopolize on?
A3: GUIs in general
Q4: How long did the FSF boycott GNU software for the Macintosh platform?
A4: seven years
Q5: What are some of the issues Apple cited in the lawsuit against Microsoft and HP?
A5: the use of rectangular, overlapping, and resizable windows
Computer_security (Engineering and technology)

In 1988, only 60,000 computers were connected to the Internet, and most were mainframes, minicomputers and professional workstations. On November 2, 1988, many started to slow down, because they were running a malicious code that demanded processor time and that spread itself to other computers – the first internet "computer worm". The software was traced back to 23-year-old Cornell University graduate student Robert Tappan Morris, Jr. who said 'he wanted to count how many machines were connected to the Internet'.

Q1: How many computers were connected to the internet in 1988?
A1: 60,000
Q2: When was the first computer worm released?
A2: November 2, 1988
Q3: Who was the first computer worm traced back to?
A3: Robert Tappan Morris, Jr.
Q4: What is a malicious code that demands processor time and spreads itself to other computers?
A4: computer worm
Q5: Why did Morris Jr make the computer worm?
A5: he wanted to count how many machines were connected to the Internet