LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
London (Geography and places)

The 2011 census recorded that 2,998,264 people or 36.7% of London's population are foreign-born making London the city with the second largest immigrant population, behind New York City, in terms of absolute numbers. The table to the right shows the most common countries of birth of London residents. Note that some of the German-born population, in 18th position, are British citizens from birth born to parents serving in the British Armed Forces in Germany. With increasing industrialisation, London's population grew rapidly throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, and it was for some time in the late 19th and early 20th centuries the most populous city in the world. Its population peaked at 8,615,245 in 1939 immediately before the outbreak of the Second World War, but had declined to 7,192,091 at the 2001 Census. However, the population then grew by just over a million between the 2001 and 2011 Censuses, to reach 8,173,941 in the latter enumeration.

Q1: London is second only to what city in terms of its foreign population?
A1: New York City
Q2: What percentage of London residents are foreign-born?
A2: 36.7%
Q3: Many German-born Londoners were British citizens by birth due to what?
A3: parents serving in the British Armed Forces in Germany
Q4: When did London see its highest population numbers?
A4: 1939 immediately before the outbreak of the Second World War
Q5: What was London's estimated population at the time of the 2011 census?
A5: 8,173,941
London (Geography and places)

The 2011 census showed that 36.7 per cent of Greater London's population were born outside the UK. The table to the right shows the 30 most common countries of birth of London residents in 2011, the date of the last published UK Census. A portion of the German-born population are likely to be British nationals born to parents serving in the British Armed Forces in Germany. Estimates produced by the Office for National Statistics indicate that the five largest foreign-born groups living in London in the period July 2009 to June 2010 were those born in India, Poland, the Republic of Ireland, Bangladesh and Nigeria.

Q1: What percentage of the Greater London population was said to be foreign-born according to the 2011 census?
A1: 36.7 per cent
Q2: What agency is responsible for compiling London's population data?
A2: the Office for National Statistics
Q3: When was the most recent UK census published?
A3: 2011
Daylight_saving_time (Engineering and technology)

The 2011 declaration by Russia that it would not turn its clocks back and stay in DST all year long was subsequently followed by a similar declaration from Belarus. The plan generated widespread complaints due to the dark of wintertime morning, and thus was abandoned in 2014. The country changed its clocks to Standard Time on 26 October 2014 - and intends to stay there permanently.

Q1: What year did Russia decide to never turn its clocks back?
A1: 2011
Q2: What country other than Russia declared they'd stay in DST all year?
A2: Belarus
Q3: Was Russia or Belarus first in their declaration?
A3: Russia
Q4: Which season's dark mornings led to people complaining about the switch from DST?
A4: winter
Q5: What year did Russia give up on the all-year DST and go back to Standard Time?
A5: 2014
Cyprus (Geography and places)

The 2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis led to an agreement with the Eurogroup in March 2013 to split the country's second largest bank, the Cyprus Popular Bank (also known as Laiki Bank), into a "bad" bank which would be wound down over time and a "good" bank which would be absorbed by the Bank of Cyprus. In return for a €10 billion bailout from the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund, often referred to as the "troika", the Cypriot government was required to impose a significant haircut on uninsured deposits, a large proportion of which were held by wealthy Russians who used Cyprus as a tax haven. Insured deposits of €100,000 or less were not affected.

Q1: What did the March 2013 agreement decide?
A1: split the country's second largest bank
Q2: Who would eventually absorb the "good" bank of Cyprus Popular Bank?
A2: Bank of Cyprus
Q3: What was the amount of bailout money given to Cyprus?
A3: €10 billion
Q4: Who was using Cyprus as a tax haven?
A4: wealthy Russians
Human_Development_Index (Social sciences and society)

The 2013 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on March 14, 2013, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2012. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:

Q1: On what date was the 2013 Human Development Report released?
A1: March 14, 2013
Q2: Which year was used for estimates in the 2013 report?
A2: 2012
Chicago_Cubs (Sports and recreation)

The 2013 season resulted in much as the same the year before. Shortly before the trade deadline, the Cubs traded Matt Garza to the Texas Rangers for Mike Olt, C. J. Edwards, Neil Ramirez, and Justin Grimm. Three days later, the Cubs sent Alfonso Soriano to the New York Yankees for minor leaguer Corey Black. The mid season fire sale led to another last place finish in the NL Central, finishing with a record of 66-96. Although there was a five-game improvement in the record from the year before, Anthony Rizzo and Starlin Castro seemed to take steps backward in their development. On September 30, 2013, Theo Epstein made the decision to fire manager Dale Sveum after just two seasons at the helm of the Cubs. The regression of several young players was thought to be the main focus point, as the front office said Dale would not be judged based on wins and losses. In two seasons as skipper, Sveum finished with a record of 127-197.

Q1: Who did the Cubs trade to the Texas Rangers for Mike Olt, C.J. Edwards, Neil Ramirez, and Justin Grimm?
A1: Matt Garza
Q2: Who did the Cubs send to the New York Yankees for minor leaguer Corey Black?
A2: Alfonso Soriano
Q3: When did Theo Epstein made the decision to fire Dale Sveum?
A3: September 30, 2013
Q4: How many seasons did Dale Sveum spend with the Cubs before getting fired?
A4: two seasons
Human_Development_Index (Social sciences and society)

The 2014 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on July 24, 2014, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2013. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:

Q1: On what date was the 2014 Human Development Report released?
A1: July 24, 2014
Q2: Which year was used for estimates in the 2014 report?
A2: 2013
Arena_Football_League (Sports and recreation)

The 2014 scheduled beginning proved to be too ambitious for the group; its official website now cites an anticipated beginning of professional play in 2016 and shows photos from a six-team collegiate tournament staged in early November, 2015

Q1: When does the CAFL plan on start its first season?
A1: 2016
Q2: When was the abortive first CAFL season supposed to have taken place?
A2: 2014
Q3: How many teams participated in the 2015 CAFL tournament?
A3: six
Q4: In what month did the CAFL tournament occur?
A4: November
Human_Development_Index (Social sciences and society)

The 2015 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on December 14, 2015, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2014. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:

Q1: On what date was the 2015 Human Development Report released?
A1: December 14, 2015
Q2: Which year was used for estimates in the 2015 report?
A2: 2014
Arena_Football_League (Sports and recreation)

The 2016 regular season consists of an 18-week schedule during which each team plays 16 games and two bye weeks. Each team plays two or three games against the teams within its own conference, and two games (home/road) against each team interconference-wise. The 2015 season started during the last week of March and ran weekly into late August. At the end of the regular season, all teams from each conference (the conference winner and three wild card teams) play in the AFL playoffs, an eight-team single-elimination tournament that culminates with the championship game, known as the ArenaBowl. From 1987 to 2004, 2010 and 2011 and again starting in 2014, the game was played at the site of the higher seeded team. From 2005 to 2008, the games were at neutral sites, Las Vegas and New Orleans. In 2012, the league championship returned to a neutral site and ArenaBowl XXV was held at the New Orleans Arena; ArenaBowl XXVI was held in Orlando. The 2016 season will begin April 1, 2016.

Q1: As of 2016, how many regular season games does an AFL team play?
A1: 16
Q2: How long is the AFL regular season?
A2: 18-week
Q3: In what month did the 2015 AFL season begin?
A3: March
Q4: What month did the 2015 AFL season end?
A4: August
Q5: What is the name of the AFL championship game?
A5: ArenaBowl
Portugal (Geography and places)

The 20th century saw the arrival of Modernism, and along with it came the most prominent Portuguese painters: Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso, who was heavily influenced by French painters, particularly by the Delaunays. Among his best-known works is Canção Popular a Russa e o Fígaro. Another great modernist painters/writers were Carlos Botelho and Almada Negreiros, friend to the poet Fernando Pessoa, who painted his (Pessoa's) portrait. He was deeply influenced by both Cubist and Futurist trends. Prominent international figures in visual arts nowadays include painters Vieira da Silva, Júlio Pomar, Helena Almeida, Joana Vasconcelos, Julião Sarmento and Paula Rego.

Q1: In which century did Portugal see the arrival of Modernism?
A1: 20th century
Q2: By what group was Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso most heavily influenced by?
A2: French painters, particularly by the Delaunays
Q3: What is one of Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso's best known works?
A3: Canção Popular a Russa e o Fígaro
Q4: Who are some of the most prominent modern visual artists in Portugal?
A4: Vieira da Silva, Júlio Pomar, Helena Almeida, Joana Vasconcelos, Julião Sarmento and Paula Rego
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

The 21 nocturnes are more structured, and of greater emotional depth, than those of Field (whom Chopin met in 1833). Many of the Chopin nocturnes have middle sections marked by agitated expression (and often making very difficult demands on the performer) which heightens their dramatic character.

Q1: How many nocturnes did Chopin compose?
A1: 21
Q2: What is it about the middle of Chopin's nocturnes that increases their drama?
A2: agitated expression
Q3: Chopin's nocturnes were more structured than who?
A3: Field
Q4: What year did Chopin meet Field?
A4: 1833
Q5: Which type of Chopin's compositons were difficult for perfomers due to their middle sections?
A5: nocturnes
Cotton (Natural sciences)

The 25,000 cotton growers in the United States of America are heavily subsidized at the rate of $2 billion per year although China now provides the highest overall level of cotton sector support. The future of these subsidies is uncertain and has led to anticipatory expansion of cotton brokers' operations in Africa. Dunavant expanded in Africa by buying out local operations. This is only possible in former British colonies and Mozambique; former French colonies continue to maintain tight monopolies, inherited from their former colonialist masters, on cotton purchases at low fixed prices.

Q1: How many subsidized cotton growers are in the US?
A1: 25,000
Q2: What is the rate of subsidies of cotton growers in the US?
A2: $2 billion per year
Q3: What country provides the highest rate of support for cotton growers?
A3: China
Q4: Which former colonies still have tight monopolies on cotton brokering?
A4: French
Q5: Where in Africa is it possible to buy out brokerages in cotton?
A5: former British colonies
Idealism (Philosophy and religion)

The 2nd edition (1787) contained a Refutation of Idealism to distinguish his transcendental idealism from Descartes's Sceptical Idealism and Berkeley's anti-realist strain of Subjective Idealism. The section Paralogisms of Pure Reason is an implicit critique of Descartes' idealism. Kant says that it is not possible to infer the 'I' as an object (Descartes' cogito ergo sum) purely from "the spontaneity of thought". Kant focused on ideas drawn from British philosophers such as Locke, Berkeley and Hume but distinguished his transcendental or critical idealism from previous varieties;

Q1: What school of thought did Berkeley belong to?
A1: Subjective Idealism
Q2: What sort of idealist was Descartes?
A2: Sceptical
Q3: In what section was Descartes criticized?
A3: Paralogisms of Pure Reason
Q4: In what edition was there a Refutation of Idealism?
A4: 2nd
Q5: When was the second edition published?
A5: 1787
Canadian_Armed_Forces (Warfare)

The 2nd, 3rd and 4th Canadian Divisions each has a Regular Force brigade group, and each division except the 1st has two to three Reserve Force brigades groups. In total, there are ten Reserve Force brigade groups. The 5th Canadian Division and the 2nd Canadian Division each have two Reserve Force brigade groups, while the 4th Canadian Division and the 3rd Canadian Division each have three Reserve Force brigade groups. Major training and support establishments exist at CFB Gagetown, CFB Montreal and CFB Wainwright.

Q1: Where is most of the major training performed?
A1: CFB Gagetown, CFB Montreal and CFB Wainwright.
Gramophone_record (Music)

The 45 rpm discs also came in a variety known as extended play (EP), which achieved up to 10–15 minutes play at the expense of attenuating (and possibly compressing) the sound to reduce the width required by the groove. EP discs were cheaper to produce, and were used in cases where unit sales were likely to be more limited or to reissue LP albums on the smaller format for those people who had only 45 rpm players. LP albums could be purchased 1 EP at a time, with four items per EP, or in a boxed set with 3 EPs or 12 items. The large center hole on 45s allows for easier handling by jukebox mechanisms. EPs were generally discontinued by the late 1950s in the U.S. as three- and four-speed record players replaced the individual 45 players. One indication of the decline of the 45 rpm EP is that the last Columbia Records reissue of Frank Sinatra songs on 45 rpm EP records, called Frank Sinatra (Columbia B-2641) was issued on December 7, 1959. The EP lasted considerably longer in Europe, and was a popular format during the 1960s for recordings by artists such as Serge Gainsbourg and the Beatles.

Q1: What do the initials EP stand for?
A1: extended play
Q2: Why were 45s more popular with jukeboxes?
A2: The large center hole
Q3: What format was phased out by the end of the 1950s?
A3: EPs
Q4: What was a benefit of EPs over LPs?
A4: EP discs were cheaper
Pope_John_XXIII (Philosophy and religion)

The 50th anniversary of his death was celebrated on 3 June 2013 by Pope Francis, who visited his tomb and prayed there, then addressing the gathered crowd and spoke about the late pope. The people that gathered there at the tomb were from Bergamo, the province where the late pope came from. A month later, on 5 July 2013, Francis approved Pope John XXIII for canonization, along with Pope John Paul II without the traditional second miracle required. Instead, Francis based this decision on John XXIII's merits for the Second Vatican Council. On Sunday, 27 April 2014, John XXIII and Pope John Paul II were declared saints on Divine Mercy Sunday.

Q1: When was the 50th anniversary of his death?
A1: 3 June 2013
Q2: Who celebrated his 50th anniversary?
A2: Pope Francis
Q3: Where were the people gathered at his tomb from?
A3: Bergamo
Q4: When did Francis approve John XXIII for canonization?
A4: 5 July 2013
Q5: On what date was John XXIII and Pope John Paul II declared saints?
A5: Sunday, 27 April 2014
To_Kill_a_Mockingbird (Language and literature)

The 50th anniversary of the novel's release was met with celebrations and reflections on its impact. Eric Zorn of the Chicago Tribune praises Lee's "rich use of language" but writes that the central lesson is that "courage isn't always flashy, isn't always enough, but is always in style". Jane Sullivan in the Sydney Morning Herald agrees, stating that the book "still rouses fresh and horrified indignation" as it examines morality, a topic that has recently become unfashionable. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie writing in The Guardian states that Lee, rare among American novelists, writes with "a fiercely progressive ink, in which there is nothing inevitable about racism and its very foundation is open to question", comparing her to William Faulkner, who wrote about racism as an inevitability. Literary critic Rosemary Goring in Scotland's The Herald notes the connections between Lee and Jane Austen, stating the book's central theme, that "one’s moral convictions are worth fighting for, even at the risk of being reviled" is eloquently discussed.

Q1: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie vompared Lee to whom?
A1: William Faulkner
Q2: Rosemary  Goring connected Lee to whom?
A2: Jane Austen
Philadelphia (History)

The 548 ft (167 m) City Hall remained the tallest building in the city until 1987 when One Liberty Place was constructed. Numerous glass and granite skyscrapers were built in Philadelphia's Center City from the late 1980s onwards. In 2007, the Comcast Center surpassed One Liberty Place to become the city's tallest building. The Comcast Innovation and Technology Center is under construction in Center City and is planned to reach a height of 1,121 feet (342 meters); upon completion, the tower is expected to be the tallest skyscraper in the United States outside of New York City and Chicago.

Q1: How tall is the City Hall?
A1: 548 ft
Q2: What is the tallest building?
A2: Comcast Center
Q3: Which building under construction will surpass Comcast Center?
A3: Comcast Innovation and Technology Center
Seattle (History)

The 5th Avenue Theatre, built in 1926, stages Broadway-style musical shows featuring both local talent and international stars. Seattle has "around 100" theatrical production companies and over two dozen live theatre venues, many of them associated with fringe theatre; Seattle is probably second only to New York for number of equity theaters (28 Seattle theater companies have some sort of Actors' Equity contract). In addition, the 900-seat Romanesque Revival Town Hall on First Hill hosts numerous cultural events, especially lectures and recitals.

Q1: How many theater companies does Seattle have in residence?
A1: around 100
Q2: What Seattle theater was built in 1926?
A2: 5th Avenue Theatre
Q3: To what type of theater are the two dozen live venues in Seattle associated?
A3: fringe theatre
Q4: To what type of theater is Seattle second to New York?
A4: equity theaters
Q5: How many equity theaters does Seattle have?
A5: 28
Tibet (Geography and places)

The 5th Dalai Lama is known for unifying the Tibetan heartland under the control of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism, after defeating the rival Kagyu and Jonang sects and the secular ruler, the Tsangpa prince, in a prolonged civil war. His efforts were successful in part because of aid from Güshi Khan, the Oirat leader of the Khoshut Khanate. With Güshi Khan as a largely uninvolved overlord, the 5th Dalai Lama and his intimates established a civil administration which is referred to by historians as the Lhasa state. This Tibetan regime or government is also referred to as the Ganden Phodrang.

Q1: Who is known for unifying the Tibetan heartland?
A1: 5th Dalai Lama
Q2: Who helped the 5th Dalai Lama?
A2: Güshi Khan
Q3: What did the 5th Dalai Lama and his intimates establish?
A3: Lhasa state
Q4: What is the Tibetan goverment referred to as?
A4: Ganden Phodrang
Napoleon (History)

The 5th Regiment was sent to intercept him and made contact just south of Grenoble on March 7, 1815. Napoleon approached the regiment alone, dismounted his horse and, when he was within gunshot range, shouted to the soldiers, "Here I am. Kill your Emperor, if you wish." The soldiers quickly responded with, "Vive L'Empereur!" Ney, who had boasted to the restored Bourbon king, Louis XVIII, that he would bring Napoleon to Paris in an iron cage, affectionately kissed his former emperor and forgot his oath of allegiance to the Bourbon monarch. The two then marched together towards Paris with a growing army. The unpopular Louis XVIII fled to Belgium after realizing he had little political support. On March 13, the powers at the Congress of Vienna declared Napoleon an outlaw. Four days later, Great Britain, Russia, Austria, and Prussia each pledged to put 150,000 men into the field to end his rule.

Q1: What military unit was charged with intercepting Napoleon?
A1: The 5th Regiment
Q2: On what date was Napoleon contacted by the 5th Regiment?
A2: March 7, 1815
Q3:  When Napoleon suggested to the 5th Regiment that they kill him, how did they respond?
A3: "Vive L'Empereur!"
Q4:  Ney had told Louis XVIII that he would carry Napoleon to Paris in what kind of container?
A4: an iron cage
Q5:  After fleeing France, where did Louis XVIII go?
A5: Belgium
History_of_India (History)

The 7th and 6th centuries BC witnessed the composition of the earliest Upanishads. Upanishads form the theoretical basis of classical Hinduism and are known as Vedanta (conclusion of the Vedas). The older Upanishads launched attacks of increasing intensity on the ritual. Anyone who worships a divinity other than the Self is called a domestic animal of the gods in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad. The Mundaka launches the most scathing attack on the ritual by comparing those who value sacrifice with an unsafe boat that is endlessly overtaken by old age and death.

Q1: When were the earliest Upanishads composed?
A1: 7th and 6th centuries BC
Q2: Of what philosophical system do the Upanishads form the basis?
A2: Hinduism
Q3: What are the Upanishads called in Hinduism?
A3: Vedanta
Q4: What part of the Hinduism belief system did the Upanishads attack?
A4: ritual
Q5: What worship system is central to Hinduism?
A5: Self
Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation (History)

The 9/11 Commission's final report on July 22, 2004 stated that the FBI and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) were both partially to blame for not pursuing intelligence reports that could have prevented the September 11, 2001 attacks. In its most damning assessment, the report concluded that the country had "not been well served" by either agency and listed numerous recommendations for changes within the FBI. While the FBI has acceded to most of the recommendations, including oversight by the new Director of National Intelligence, some former members of the 9/11 Commission publicly criticized the FBI in October 2005, claiming it was resisting any meaningful changes.

Q1: What agencies were to blame for 9/11?
A1: FBI and Central Intelligence Agency
Q2: Did 9/11 lead to more FBI oversight?
A2: acceded to most of the recommendations, including oversight
Q3: Did many believe the FBI was resisting important changes?
A3: resisting any meaningful changes
Q4: Did the people believe they were served well by the FBI?
A4: not been well served