LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador (Geography and places)

St. John's has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), with lower seasonal variation than normal for the latitude, which is due to Gulf Stream moderation. However, despite this maritime moderation, average January high temperatures are actually slightly colder in St. John's than it is in Kelowna, British Columbia, which is an inland city that is near the more marine air of the Pacific, demonstrating the cold nature of Eastern Canada. Mean temperatures range from −4.9 °C (23.2 °F) in February to 16.1 °C (61.0 °F) in August, showing somewhat of a seasonal lag in the climate. The city is also one of the areas of the country most prone to tropical cyclone activity, as it is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, where tropical storms (and sometimes hurricanes) travel from the United States. The city is one of the rainiest in Canada outside of coastal British Columbia. This is partly due to its propensity for tropical storm activity as well as moist, Atlantic air frequently blowing ashore and creating precipitation.

Q1: How is the climate in St. John's?
A1: humid
Q2: In which province is Kelowna located?
A2: British Columbia
Q3: Which Canadian city is the most rainiest?
A3: British Columbia
Q4: What body of water is to the east of St. John?
A4: Atlantic Ocean
Q5: From where do tropical storms travel from to St. John's?
A5: United States
St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador (Geography and places)

St. John's has traditionally been one of the safest cities in Canada to live; however, in recent years crime in the city has steadily increased. While nationally crime decreased by 4% in 2009, the total crime rate in St. John's saw an increase of 4%. During this same time violent crime in the city decreased 6%, compared to a 1% decrease nationally. In 2010 the total crime severity index for the city was 101.9, an increase of 10% from 2009 and 19.2% above the national average. The violent crime severity index was 90.1, an increase of 29% from 2009 and 1.2% above the national average. St. John's had the seventh-highest metropolitan crime index and twelfth-highest metropolitan violent crime index in the country in 2010.

Q1: By how much did crime in St. John's increase in 2009?
A1: 4%
Q2: What city had the seventh-highest metropolitan crime index in 2010?
A2: St. John's
Q3: How much did crime in the country drop in 2009?
A3: 4%
St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador (Geography and places)

St. John's is located along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, on the northeast of the Avalon Peninsula in southeast Newfoundland. The city covers an area of 446.04 square kilometres (172.22 sq mi) and is the most easterly city in North America, excluding Greenland; it is 295 miles (475 km) closer to London, England than it is to Edmonton, Alberta. The city of St. John's is located at a distance by air of 3,636 kilometres (2,259 mi) from Lorient, France which lies on a nearly precisely identical latitude across the Atlantic on the French western coast. The city is the largest in the province and the second largest in the Atlantic Provinces after Halifax, Nova Scotia. Its downtown area lies to the west and north of St. John's Harbour, and the rest of the city expands from the downtown to the north, south, east and west.

Q1: Near what body of water is St. John's located by?
A1: Atlantic Ocean
Q2: How many Square miles is St. John's?
A2: 172.22
Q3: In what providence is Edmonton located?
A3: Alberta
Q4: What is the largest Atlantic Province city?
A4: Halifax
St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador (Geography and places)

St. John's is one of the oldest settlements in North America, with year-round settlement beginning sometime after 1630 and seasonal habitation long before that. It is not, however, the oldest surviving English settlement in North America or Canada, having been preceded by the Cuper's Cove colony at Cupids, founded in 1610, and the Bristol's Hope colony at Harbour Grace, founded in 1618. In fact, although English fishermen had begun setting up seasonal camps in Newfoundland in the 16th Century, they were expressly forbidden by the British government, at the urging of the West Country fishing industry, from establishing permanent settlements along the English controlled coast, hence the town of St. John's was not established as a permanent community until after the 1630s at the earliest. Other permanent English settlements in the Americas that predate St. John's include: St. George's, Bermuda (1612) and Jamestown, Virginia (1607).

Q1: Which city is considered one of the oldest settlements in North America?
A1: St. John's
Q2: Around what year did settlement begin to occur in St. John's?
A2: 1630
Q3: When was Cuper's Cove colony founded?
A3: 1610
Q4:  What year was Bristol's Hope colony founded?
A4: 1618
Q5: Who forbade the  english fisherman to setup seasonal camps in Newfoundland?
A5: British government
St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador (Geography and places)

St. John's is served by St. John's International Airport (YYT), located 10 minutes northwest of the downtown core. In 2011, roughly 1,400,000 passengers travelled through the airport making it the second busiest airport in Atlantic Canada in passenger volume. Regular destinations include Halifax, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, as well as destinations throughout the province. International locations include Dublin, London, New York City, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Glasgow and Varadero. Scheduled service providers include Air Canada, Air Canada Jazz, Air Saint-Pierre, Air Transat, United Airlines, Porter Airlines, Provincial Airlines, Sunwing Airlines and Westjet.

Q1: How far is St. John's International Airport from the downtown core?
A1: 10 minutes
Q2: About how many passengers travelled through St. John's International Airport in 2011?
A2: 1,400,000
Q3: What is the airport code for St. John's International Airport?
A3: YYT
Q4: What airport is approximately 10 minutes northwest of the downtown core?
A4: St. John's International
St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador (Geography and places)

St. John's is served by the Eastern School District, the largest school district in Newfoundland and Labrador by student population. There are currently 36 primary, elementary and secondary schools in the city of St. John's, including three private schools. St. John's also includes one school that is part of the province-wide Conseil Scolaire Francophone (CSF), the Francophone public school district. It also contains two private schools, St. Bonaventure's College and Lakecrest Independent. Atlantic Canada's largest university, Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN), is located in St. John's. MUN provides comprehensive education and grants degrees in several fields and its historical strengths in engineering, business, geology, and medicine, make MUN one of the top comprehensive universities in Canada. The Fisheries and Marine Institute of Memorial University of Newfoundland (MI) or simply Marine Institute, is a post-secondary ocean and marine polytechnic located in St. John's and is affiliated with Memorial University of Newfoundland. MUN also offers the lowest tuition in Canada ($2,644, per Academic Year)

Q1: How many private schools are in St. John's?
A1: three
Q2: How many primary schools are in St. John's?
A2: 36
Q3: How many private schools are in the Francophone public school district?
A3: two
Q4: What school offers the lowest tuition in Canada?
A4: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Q5: What is the tuition per academic year at Memorial University of Newfoundland?
A5: $2,644
St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador (Geography and places)

St. John's is the eastern terminus of the Trans-Canada Highway, one of the longest national highways in the world. The divided highway, also known as "Outer Ring Road" in the city, runs just outside the main part of the city, with exits to Pitts Memorial Drive, Topsail Road, Team Gushue Highway, Thorburn Road, Allandale Road, Portugal Cove Road and Torbay Road, providing relatively easy access to neighbourhoods served by those streets. Pitts Memorial Drive runs from Conception Bay South, through the city of Mount Pearl and into downtown St. John's, with interchanges for Goulds, Water Street and Hamilton Avenue-New Gower Street.

Q1: Where is the eastern terminus of the Trans-Canada Highway?
A1: St. John's
Q2: Outer Ring Road is a another name for what?
A2: The divided highway
Q3: What does the divided highway provide?
A3: relatively easy access to neighbourhoods
St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador (Geography and places)

St. John's served as the capital city of the Colony of Newfoundland and the Dominion of Newfoundland before Newfoundland became Canada's tenth province in 1949. The city now serves as the capital of Newfoundland and Labrador, therefore the provincial legislature is located in the city. The Confederation Building, located on Confederation Hill, is home to the House of Assembly along with the offices for the Members of the House of Assembly (MHAs) and Ministers. The city is represented by ten MHAs, four who are members of the governing Progressive Conservative Party, three that belong to the New Democratic Party (NDP), and three that belong to the Liberal Party. Lorraine Michael, leader of the NDP since 2006, represents the district of Signal Hill-Quidi Vidi.

Q1: What was Canada's  tenth province?
A1: Newfoundland
Q2: In what year did Newfoundland become a province?
A2: 1949
Q3: What is the capital of Newfoundland and Labrador?
A3: St. John's
Q4: Where is the House of Assembly?
A4: The Confederation Building
Q5: Who has been the leader of the NDP since 2006?
A5: Lorraine Michael
St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador (Geography and places)

St. John's was the starting point for the first non-stop transatlantic aircraft flight, by Alcock and Brown in a modified Vickers Vimy IV bomber, in June 1919, departing from Lester's Field in St. John's and ending in a bog near Clifden, Connemara, Ireland. In July 2005, the flight was duplicated by American aviator and adventurer Steve Fossett in a replica Vickers Vimy aircraft, with St. John's International Airport substituting for Lester's Field (now an urban and residential part of the city).

Q1: Who flew the first non-stop transatlantic aircraft flight?
A1: Alcock and Brown
Q2: What aircraft did Alcock and Brown use in 1919 for their flight? 
A2: Vickers Vimy IV bomber
Q3: Where in St. John's did Alcock and Brown depart from in June 1919?
A3: Lester's Field
Q4: Who duplicated Alcock and Brown flight in 2005?
A4: Steve Fossett
Q5: What aircraft did Steve Fossett use for his flight in July 2005?
A5: replica Vickers Vimy
St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador (Geography and places)

St. John's, and the province as a whole, was gravely affected in the 1990s by the collapse of the Northern cod fishery, which had been the driving force of the provincial economy for hundreds of years. After a decade of high unemployment rates and depopulation, the city's proximity to the Hibernia, Terra Nova and White Rose oil fields has led to an economic boom that has spurred population growth and commercial development. As a result, the St. John's area now accounts for about half of the province's economic output.

Q1: When did the Northern cod fishery collapse?
A1: 1990s
Q2: What led to an economic boom in St. John's?
A2: Hibernia, Terra Nova and White Rose oil fields
Q3: For how long did the Northern cod fishery provide a stable economy for St. John's?
A3: hundreds of years
Q4: How long did unemployment rates and depopulation suffer in St. John's?
A4: decade
Cork_(city) (History)

St. Patrick's Street, the main street of the city which was remodelled in the mid-2000s, is known for the architecture of the buildings along its pedestrian-friendly route and is the main shopping thoroughfare. The reason for its curved shape is that it originally was a channel of the River Lee that was built over on arches. The General Post Office, with its limestone façade, is on Oliver Plunkett Street, on the site of the Theatre Royal which was built in 1760 and burned down in 1840. The English circus proprietor Pablo Fanque rebuilt an amphitheatre on the spot in 1850, which was subsequently transformed into a theatre and then into the present General Post Office in 1877.  The Grand Parade is a tree-lined avenue, home to offices, shops and financial institutions. The old financial centre is the South Mall, with several banks whose interior derive from the 19th century, such as the Allied Irish Bank's which was once an exchange.

Q1: What is main street Cork?
A1: St. Patrick's Street
Q2: When was St. Patrick's Street remodeled?
A2: mid-2000s
Q3: What is St. Patrick's Street curved?
A3: it originally was a channel of the River Lee that was built over on arches
Q4: When did the Theatre Royal burn?
A4: 1840
Q5: What was built on the site of the old Theatre Royal?
A5: General Post Office
Premier_League (Sports and recreation)

Stadium attendances are a significant source of regular income for Premier League clubs. For the 2009–10 season, average attendances across the league clubs were 34,215 for Premier League matches with a total aggregate attendance figure of 13,001,616. This represents an increase of 13,089 from the average attendance of 21,126 recorded in the league's first season (1992–93). However, during the 1992–93 season the capacities of most stadiums were reduced as clubs replaced terraces with seats in order to meet the Taylor Report's 1994–95 deadline for all-seater stadiums. The Premier League's record average attendance of 36,144 was set during the 2007–08 season. This record was then beaten in the 2013–14 season recording an average attendance of 36,695 with a total attendance of just under 14 million, the highest average in England's top flight since 1950.

Q1: Are attendance remittances that important to the Premier League?
A1: Stadium attendances are a significant source of regular income for Premier League clubs.
Q2: What was the Premier Leagues standard attendance in the 2007-08 season?
A2: The Premier League's record average attendance of 36,144 was set during the 2007–08 season.
Q3: What was the league's first year attendance average?
A3: the average attendance of 21,126 recorded in the league's first season (1992–93).
Q4: Attendance for the 2013-14 season set a new record of how much?
A4: in the 2013–14 season recording an average attendance of 36,695 with a total attendance of just under 14 million,
Q5: What was the average attendance for all Premier League clubs during the 2009-10 season?
A5: 34,215
Q6: What was the total attendance of all Premier League games during the 2009-10 season?
A6: 13,001,616
Q7: By how many attendees did the average Premier League attendance increase between 1992 and 2009?
A7: 13,089
Q8: For when did the Taylor Report set the deadline for replacing terraces with seats in stadiums?
A8: 1994–95
Q9: During which season did the Premier League set a record average attendance of over 36,000 people?
A9: 2007–08
Elevator (History)

Stage lifts and orchestra lifts are specialized elevators, typically powered by hydraulics, that are used to raise and lower entire sections of a theater stage. For example, Radio City Music Hall has four such elevators: an orchestra lift that covers a large area of the stage, and three smaller lifts near the rear of the stage. In this case, the orchestra lift is powerful enough to raise an entire orchestra, or an entire cast of performers (including live elephants) up to stage level from below. There's a barrel on the background of the image of the left which can be used as a scale to represent the size of the mechanism

Q1: How are stage lifts powered?
A1: by hydraulics
Q2: How many hydraulic elevators are there at Radio City Music Hall?
A2: four
Q3: What is an orchestra lift used for?
A3: to raise an entire orchestra, or an entire cast of performers (including live elephants) up to stage level from below
Q4: What is on the background of the image which can be used as a scale to represent the size of the mechanism?
A4: a barrel
High-definition_television (Engineering and technology)

Standard 35mm photographic film used for cinema projection has a much higher image resolution than HDTV systems, and is exposed and projected at a rate of 24 frames per second (frame/s). To be shown on standard television, in PAL-system countries, cinema film is scanned at the TV rate of 25 frame/s, causing a speedup of 4.1 percent, which is generally considered acceptable. In NTSC-system countries, the TV scan rate of 30 frame/s would cause a perceptible speedup if the same were attempted, and the necessary correction is performed by a technique called 3:2 Pulldown: Over each successive pair of film frames, one is held for three video fields (1/20 of a second) and the next is held for two video fields (1/30 of a second), giving a total time for the two frames of 1/12 of a second and thus achieving the correct average film frame rate.

Q1: At what rate is standard 35mm photographic film exposed and projected?
A1: 24 frames per second
Q2: To be shown on SDTV in PAL-system countries, at what rate is cinema film scanned?
A2: 25 frame/s
Q3: The technique in which with successive pair of film frames, one is held for three video fields, and the next is held for two, is called what?
A3: 3:2 Pulldown
Q4: The 3:2 Pulldown techniques gives what total time for two frames?
A4: 1/12 of a second
Q5: What is achieved by the 3:2 Pulldown technique producing a total time of 1/12 of a second for two frames?
A5: the correct average film frame rate
Catalan_language (Language and literature)

Standard Catalan, virtually accepted by all speakers, is mostly based on Eastern Catalan, which is the most widely used dialect. Nevertheless, the standards of Valencia and the Balearics admit alternative forms, mostly traditional ones, which are not current in eastern Catalonia.

Q1: What is Standard based on?
A1: Eastern Catalan
Q2: What form is excepted by most speakers?
A2: Standard Catalan
Q3: What language forms are not now used in eastern Catalonia?
A3: traditional ones
Aspirated_consonant (Language and literature)

Standard Chinese (Mandarin) has stops and affricates distinguished by aspiration: for instance, /t tʰ/, /t͡s t͡sʰ/. In pinyin, tenuis stops are written with letters that represent voiced consonants in English, and aspirated stops with letters that represent voiceless consonants. Thus d represents /t/, and t represents /tʰ/.

Q1: Mandarin has stops and affricates that are distinguished by what?
A1: aspiration
Q2: Tenuis stops have letters that are representative of English voiced consonant in what?
A2: pinyin
Q3: What kind of stops in pinyin are written with letters that representative of voiceless consonants?
A3: aspirated stops
Dutch_language (Language and literature)

Standard Dutch uses three genders to differentiate between natural gender and three when discerning grammatical gender. But for most non-Belgian speakers, the masculine and feminine genders have merged to form the common gender (de), while the neuter (het) remains distinct as before. This gender system is similar to those of most Continental Scandinavian languages. As in English, but to a lesser degree, the inflectional grammar of the language (e.g., adjective and noun endings) has simplified over time.

Q1: How many genders does standard Dutch use for both natural and grammatical gender?
A1: three
Q2: What gender does the majority of non-Belgian Dutch speakers use instead of the masculine and feminine?
A2: the common gender
Q3: Apart from the common gender in non-Belgian Dutch, what other gender do speakers use?
A3: neuter
Q4: The common/neuter system used in Dutch is a lot like the system used in what other language category?
A4: Continental Scandinavian languages
Q5: In its simplified inflectional grammar, what language is Dutch similar to?
A5: English
Tibet (Geography and places)

Standing at 117 metres (384 feet) in height and 360 metres (1,180 feet) in width, the Potala Palace is the most important example of Tibetan architecture. Formerly the residence of the Dalai Lama, it contains over one thousand rooms within thirteen stories, and houses portraits of the past Dalai Lamas and statues of the Buddha. It is divided between the outer White Palace, which serves as the administrative quarters, and the inner Red Quarters, which houses the assembly hall of the Lamas, chapels, 10,000 shrines, and a vast library of Buddhist scriptures. The Potala Palace is a World Heritage Site, as is Norbulingka, the former summer residence of the Dalai Lama.

Q1: Who used to reside in the Potala Palace?
A1: the Dalai Lama
Q2: How many stories does the Potala Palace contain?
A2: thirteen
Q3: How many shrines exist in the Potala Palace?
A3: 10,000
Q4: What is Norbulingka?
A4: former summer residence of the Dalai Lama
Philosophy_of_space_and_time (Philosophy and religion)

Standing out in Clarke's (and Newton's) response to Leibniz's arguments is the bucket argument: Water in a bucket, hung from a rope and set to spin, will start with a flat surface. As the water begins to spin in the bucket, the surface of the water will become concave. If the bucket is stopped, the water will continue to spin, and while the spin continues, the surface will remain concave. The concave surface is apparently not the result of the interaction of the bucket and the water, since the surface is flat when the bucket first starts to spin, it becomes concave as the water starts to spin, and it remains concave as the bucket stops.

Q1: What stood out in Clark's response to Leibniz?
A1: the bucket argument
Q2: According to Clark's argument, water in a bucket, hung from a rope and spun, will begin with kind of surface?
A2: flat
Q3: As the buck spins, what happens to the water?
A3: the water will become concave
Q4: If the buck stops, the water will do what?
A4: continue to spin
Q5: What is the surface of the water apparently not caused by?
A5: the interaction of the bucket and the water
Multiracial_American (History)

Stanley Crouch wrote in a New York Daily News piece "Obama's mother is of white U.S. stock. His father is a black Kenyan," in a column entitled "What Obama Isn't: Black Like Me." During the 2008 campaign, the African-American columnist David Ehrenstein of the LA Times accused white liberals of flocking to Obama because he was a "Magic Negro", a term that refers to a black person with no past who simply appears to assist the mainstream white (as cultural protagonists/drivers) agenda. Ehrenstein went on to say "He's there to assuage white 'guilt' they feel over the role of slavery and racial segregation in American history."

Q1: Who wrote an article in the New York Dail News about Obama?
A1: Stanley Crouch
Q2: What did David Ehrenstein call Obama in 2008?
A2: "Magic Negro",
Q3: What did Ehrenstein say Obama does for white people?
A3: assuage white 'guilt'
Q4: What was the title of Crouch's article?
A4: "What Obama Isn't: Black Like Me."