LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Multiracial_American (History)

Multiracial Americans are Americans who have mixed ancestry of "two or more races". The term may also include Americans of mixed-race ancestry who self-identify with just one group culturally and socially (cf. the one-drop rule). In the 2010 US census, approximately 9 million individuals, or 2.9% of the population, self-identified as multiracial. There is evidence that an accounting by genetic ancestry would produce a higher number, but people live according to social and cultural identities, not DNA. Historical reasons, including slavery creating a racial caste and the European-American suppression of Native Americans, often led people to identify or be classified by only one ethnicity, generally that of the culture in which they were raised. Prior to the mid-20th century, many people hid their multiracial heritage because of racial discrimination against minorities. While many Americans may be biologically multiracial, they often do not know it or do not identify so culturally, any more than they maintain all the differing traditions of a variety of national ancestries.

Q1: Before the mid-20th century were people open about their muticultural heritage and why or why not?
A1: Prior to the mid-20th century, many people hid their multiracial heritage because of racial discrimination against minorities.
Q2: Are all muticultural Americans aware of their cultural heritage?
A2: While many Americans may be biologically multiracial, they often do not know it
Q3: Approximentally how many Americans identified themselves as multiracial in the 2010 US census?
A3: In the 2010 US census, approximately 9 million individuals, or 2.9% of the population, self-identified as multiracial.
Q4: What is the accepted definition of "multicultural" ancestry?
A4: Multiracial Americans are Americans who have mixed ancestry of "two or more races".
Q5: Why did muticultural Americans hid their heritage?
A5: Prior to the mid-20th century, many people hid their multiracial heritage because of racial discrimination against minorities
Q6: Are all multicultural Americans aware of their heritage?
A6: While many Americans may be biologically multiracial, they often do not know it
Q7: Which cultural do multicultural people usually identify with?
A7: , generally that of the culture in which they were raised.
Q8: What are people most likely to identify themselves as?
A8: the culture in which they were raised
Q9: Would DNA show a higher number or lower number of mutliracial people than those reported in the census?
A9: higher number
Q10: What does it mean to be a mutliracial?
A10: two or more races
Q11: How many multiracial people in the US were there in 2010?
A11: approximately 9 million individuals
Q12: When did people stop hiding mutliracial heritage?
A12: the mid-20th century
The_Bronx (Geography and places)

Multiracial Americans are also a sizable minority in the Bronx. People of multiracial heritage number over 41,800 individuals and represent 3.0% of the population. People of mixed Caucasian and African American heritage number over 6,850 members and form 0.5% of the population. People of mixed Caucasian and Native American heritage number over 2,450 members and form 0.2% of the population. People of mixed Caucasian and Asian heritage number over 880 members and form 0.1% of the population. People of mixed African American and Native American heritage number over 1,220 members and form 0.1% of the population.

Q1: How many multiracial people live in the Bronx?
A1: over 41,800
Q2: What percent of the Bronx is multiracial?
A2: 3.0%
Q3: What percent of the Bronx has mixed Caucasian and African American heritage?
A3: 0.5%
Q4: What percent of the Bronx has mixed Caucasian and Native American heritage?
A4: 0.2%
Q5: What percent of the Bronx has mixed Caucasian and Asian heritage?
A5: 0.1%
Multiracial_American (History)

Multiracial people who wanted to acknowledge their full heritage won a victory of sorts in 1997, when the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) changed the federal regulation of racial categories to permit multiple responses. This resulted in a change to the 2000 United States Census, which allowed participants to select more than one of the six available categories, which were, in brief: "White," "Black or African American," "Asian," "American Indian or Alaskan Native," "Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander," and "Other." Further details are given in the article: Race (U.S. census). The OMB made its directive mandatory for all government forms by 2003.

Q1: What office is responsible for the census form changes?
A1: the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
Q2: When did the OMB change racial guidelines for the census form?
A2: 1997
Q3: When were the OMB racial directive made mandatory for every government form?
A3: 2003
Q4: What did the OMB vote to allow on the 2000 census?
A4: participants to select more than one of the six available categories
States_of_Germany (Geography and places)

Municipalities (Gemeinden): Every rural district and every Amt is subdivided into municipalities, while every urban district is a municipality in its own right. There are (as of 6 March 2009[update]) 12,141 municipalities, which are the smallest administrative units in Germany. Cities and towns are municipalities as well, also having city rights or town rights (Stadtrechte). Nowadays, this is mostly just the right to be called a city or town. However, in former times there were many other privileges, including the right to impose local taxes or to allow industry only within city limits.

Q1: Every rural district is subdivided into what?
A1: municipalities
Q2: Every urban district is what in its own right?
A2: municipality
Q3: How many municipalities are there?
A3: 12,141
Q4: What is the smallest administrative unit in Germany?
A4: a municipality
Q5: What are town rights called?
A5: Stadtrechte
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) (History)

Murdoch found he had such a rapport with Larry Lamb over lunch that other potential recruits as editor were not interviewed and Lamb was appointed as the first editor of the new Sun. He was scathing in his opinion of the Mirror, where he had recently been employed as a senior sub-editor, and shared Murdoch's view that a paper's quality was best measured by its sales, and he regarded the Mirror as overstaffed, and primarily aimed at an ageing readership. Lamb hastily recruited a staff of about 125 reporters, who were mostly selected for their availability rather than their ability.

Q1: What position did Larry Lamb take with the Sun?
A1: editor
Q2: What type of view did Lamb have of the Mirror?
A2: scathing
Q3: What did Lamb and Murdoch believe to be the best indicator of newspaper quality?
A3: its sales
Q4: What position did Lamb formerly hold at the Mirror?
A4: senior sub-editor
Q5: How many reporters did Lamb hire for the Mirror's initial staff?
A5: about 125
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) (History)

Murdoch has responded to some of the arguments against the newspaper by saying that critics are "snobs" who want to "impose their tastes on everyone else", while MacKenzie claims the same critics are people who, if they ever had a "popular idea", would have to "go and lie down in a dark room for half an hour". Both have pointed to the huge commercial success of the Sun in this period and its establishment as Britain's top-selling newspaper, claiming that they are "giving the public what they want". This conclusion is disputed by critics. John Pilger has said that a late-1970s edition of the Daily Mirror, which replaced the usual celebrity and domestic political news items with an entire issue devoted to his own front-line reporting of the genocide in Pol Pot's Cambodia, not only outsold The Sun on the day it was issued but became the only edition of the Daily Mirror to ever sell every single copy issued throughout the country, something never achieved by The Sun.

Q1: How did Murdoch describe critics of his newspaper?
A1: "snobs" who want to "impose their tastes on everyone else"
Q2: What did Murdoch and Mackenzie say in defense of The Sun?
A2: they are "giving the public what they want"
Q3: Who is one critic of The Sun?
A3: John Pilger
Q4: What was the focus of Pilger's reporting in one issue of The Daily Mirror?
A4: the genocide in Pol Pot's Cambodia
Q5: What distinction does one single edition of The Daily Mirror hold?
A5: the only edition of the Daily Mirror to ever sell every single copy issued throughout the country
Kanye_West (Music)

Music fans have turned to Change.org around the globe to try and block West's participation at various events. The largest unsuccessful petition has been to the Glastonbury Festival 2015 with 133,000+ voters stating they would prefer a rock band to headline. On July 20, 2015, within five days of West's announcement as the headlining artist of the closing ceremonies of the 2015 Pan American Games, Change.org user XYZ collected over 50,000 signatures for West's removal as headliner citing the headlining artist should be Canadian. In his Pan American Games Closing Ceremony performance, close to the end of his performance, West closed the show by tossing his faulty microphone in the air and walked off stage.

Q1: For what event was the largest amount of signatures collected in an attempt to keep Kanye from performing at it?
A1: Glastonbury Festival 2015
Q2: What was another event that garnered a large amount of protest for Kanye's removal of headliner status?
A2: 2015 Pan American Games
Q3: What website have music fans been using to try to block Kanye West's performance at different events?
A3: Change.org
Q4: What festival was the largest failed petition to keep Kanye from performing?
A4: Glastonbury Festival
Q5: How many signatures were gathered for Kanye's removal from the 2015 Pan American Games?
A5: 50,000
Boston (Geography and places)

Music is cherished in Boston. The Boston Symphony Orchestra is one of the "Big Five," a group of the greatest American orchestras, and the classical music magazine Gramophone called it one of the "world's best" orchestras. Symphony Hall (located west of Back Bay) is home to the Boston Symphony Orchestra, (and the related Boston Youth Symphony Orchestra, which is the largest youth orchestra in the nation) and the Boston Pops Orchestra. The British newspaper The Guardian called Boston Symphony Hall "one of the top venues for classical music in the world," adding that "Symphony Hall in Boston was where science became an essential part of concert hall design." Other concerts are held at the New England Conservatory's Jordan Hall. The Boston Ballet performs at the Boston Opera House. Other performing-arts organizations located in the city include the Boston Lyric Opera Company, Opera Boston, Boston Baroque (the first permanent Baroque orchestra in the US), and the Handel and Haydn Society (one of the oldest choral companies in the United States). The city is a center for contemporary classical music with a number of performing groups, several of which are associated with the city's conservatories and universities. These include the Boston Modern Orchestra Project and Boston Musica Viva. Several theaters are located in or near the Theater District south of Boston Common, including the Cutler Majestic Theatre, Citi Performing Arts Center, the Colonial Theater, and the Orpheum Theatre.

Q1: The Boston Symphony Orchestra is a member of what?
A1: Big Five
Q2: What classical music magazine called the Boston Symphony orchestra one of the worlds best orchestras?
A2: Gramophone
Q3: What does Boston Symphony orchestra call home?
A3: Symphony Hall
Q4: Where is Symphony Hall located?
A4: west of Back Bay
Q5: Where is the theater District located?
A5: south of Boston Common
Roman_Republic (History)

Music was a major part of everyday life.[citation needed] The word itself derives from Greek μουσική (mousike), "(art) of the Muses". Many private and public events were accompanied by music, ranging from nightly dining to military parades and manoeuvres. In a discussion of any ancient music, however, non-specialists and even many musicians have to be reminded that much of what makes our modern music familiar to us is the result of developments only within the last 1,000 years; thus, our ideas of melody, scales, harmony, and even the instruments we use may not have been familiar to Romans who made and listened to music many centuries earlier.[citation needed]

Q1: What was considered to be dominant part of normal life?
A1: Music
Q2: What language does the word Music see it's origins in?
A2: Greek
Q3: Could events in the Roman Republic often include music?
A3: Many private and public events were accompanied by music
Q4: What do many people consider to be the source of our modern musics familiarity with us?
A4: developments only within the last 1,000 years
Late_Middle_Ages (History)

Music was an important part of both secular and spiritual culture, and in the universities it made up part of the quadrivium of the liberal arts. From the early 13th century, the dominant sacred musical form had been the motet; a composition with text in several parts. From the 1330s and onwards, emerged the polyphonic style, which was a more complex fusion of independent voices. Polyphony had been common in the secular music of the Provençal troubadours. Many of these had fallen victim to the 13th-century Albigensian Crusade, but their influence reached the papal court at Avignon.

Q1: What was the dominant sacred musical form in the early 13th century?
A1: the motet
Q2: What style of sacred musical form emerged in the 1330s?
A2: polyphonic
Q3: Polyphony was common in the secular music of which French region?
A3: Provençal
Q4: What is the term for the four subjects that comprised the liberal arts in medieval universities?
A4: the quadrivium
Xbox_360 (Video games)

Music, photos and videos can be played from standard USB mass storage devices, Xbox 360 proprietary storage devices (such as memory cards or Xbox 360 hard drives), and servers or computers with Windows Media Center or Windows XP with Service pack 2 or higher within the local-area network in streaming mode. As the Xbox 360 uses a modified version of the UPnP AV protocol, some alternative UPnP servers such as uShare (part of the GeeXboX project) and MythTV can also stream media to the Xbox 360, allowing for similar functionality from non-Windows servers. This is possible with video files up to HD-resolution and with several codecs (MPEG-2, MPEG-4, WMV) and container formats (WMV, MOV, TS).

Q1: What PC operating system is required to stream content to a 360?
A1: Windows XP with Service pack 2 or higher
Q2: What modified AV protocol does the 360 utilize?
A2: UPnP
Q3: What codecs are supported for 360 streaming from uShare?
A3: MPEG-2, MPEG-4, WMV
Q4: What video formats are supported for UPnP streaming?
A4: WMV, MOV, TS
Muslim_world (Philosophy and religion)

Muslim engineers in the Islamic world made a number of innovative industrial uses of hydropower, and early industrial uses of tidal power and wind power, fossil fuels such as petroleum, and early large factory complexes (tiraz in Arabic). The industrial uses of watermills in the Islamic world date back to the 7th century, while horizontal-wheeled and vertical-wheeled water mills were both in widespread use since at least the 9th century. A variety of industrial mills were being employed in the Islamic world, including early fulling mills, gristmills, hullers, sawmills, ship mills, stamp mills, steel mills, sugar mills, tide mills and windmills. By the 11th century, every province throughout the Islamic world had these industrial mills in operation, from al-Andalus and North Africa to the Middle East and Central Asia. Muslim engineers also invented crankshafts and water turbines, employed gears in mills and water-raising machines, and pioneered the use of dams as a source of water power, used to provide additional power to watermills and water-raising machines. Such advances made it possible for industrial tasks that were previously driven by manual labour in ancient times to be mechanized and driven by machinery instead in the medieval Islamic world. The transfer of these technologies to medieval Europe had an influence on the Industrial Revolution.

Q1: How early did people in the Muslim World start using watermills?
A1: 7th century
Q2: At what point was the use of watermills common in the Muslim World?
A2: 9th century
Q3: In what century had mills such as gristmills and sawmills dominate the Islamic world?
A3: 11th century
Q4: Who invented crankshafts?
A4: Muslim engineers
Q5: Who was the inventor of water turbines?
A5: Muslim engineers
Muslim_world (Philosophy and religion)

Muslim physicians contributed to the field of medicine, including the subjects of anatomy and physiology: such as in the 15th century Persian work by Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas entitled Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy of the body) which contained comprehensive diagrams of the body's structural, nervous and circulatory systems; or in the work of the Egyptian physician Ibn al-Nafis, who proposed the theory of pulmonary circulation. Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine remained an authoritative medical textbook in Europe until the 18th century. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (also known as Abulcasis) contributed to the discipline of medical surgery with his Kitab al-Tasrif ("Book of Concessions"), a medical encyclopedia which was later translated to Latin and used in European and Muslim medical schools for centuries. Other medical advancements came in the fields of pharmacology and pharmacy.

Q1: What work is Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas known for writing?
A1: Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy of the body)
Q2: In what century did Tashrih al-badan come into being?
A2: 15th century
Q3: Who theorized about pulmonary circulation?
A3: Ibn al-Nafis
Q4: Who wrote The Canon of Medicine?
A4: Avicenna
Q5: Who wrote Kitab al-Tasrif?
A5: Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi
History_of_India (History)

Muslim rule started in parts of north India in the 13th century when the Delhi Sultanate was founded in 1206 CE by the Central Asian Turks. The Delhi Sultanate ruled the major part of northern India in the early 14th century, but declined in the late 14th century when several powerful Hindu states such as the Vijayanagara Empire, Gajapati Kingdom, Ahom Kingdom, as well as Rajput dynasties and states, such as Mewar dynasty, emerged. The 15th century saw the emergence of Sikhism. In the 16th century, Mughals came from Central Asia and gradually covered most of India. The Mughal Empire suffered a gradual decline in the early 18th century, which provided opportunities for the Maratha Empire, Sikh Empire and Mysore Kingdom to exercise control over large areas of the subcontinent.

Q1: What group founded the Delhi Sultanate in the 13th century?
A1: Central Asian Turks
Q2: When did the Delhi Sultanate decline in its rule of northern India?
A2: late 14th century
Q3: What belief system began in the 15th century?
A3: Sikhism
Q4: What empire covered most of India in the 16th century?
A4: Mughal Empire
Q5: During what century did the Mughal empire decline?
A5: early 18th century
Muslim_world (Philosophy and religion)

Muslim scientists contributed to advances in the sciences. They placed far greater emphasis on experiment than had the Greeks. This led to an early scientific method being developed in the Muslim world, where progress in methodology was made, beginning with the experiments of Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) on optics from circa 1000, in his Book of Optics. The most important development of the scientific method was the use of experiments to distinguish between competing scientific theories set within a generally empirical orientation, which began among Muslim scientists. Ibn al-Haytham is also regarded as the father of optics, especially for his empirical proof of the intromission theory of light. Some have also described Ibn al-Haytham as the "first scientist." al-Khwarzimi's invented the log base systems that are being used today, he also contributed theorems in trigonometry as well as limits. Recent studies show that it is very likely that the Medieval Muslim artists were aware of advanced decagonal quasicrystal geometry (discovered half a millennium later in the 1970s and 1980s in the West) and used it in intricate decorative tilework in the architecture.

Q1: Ibn al-Haytham experimented with what around the year 1000?
A1: optics
Q2: Ibn al-Haytham wrote about his work around the year 1000, what was it?
A2: Book of Optics
Q3: Regarding the intromission theory of light, who showed the first proof?
A3: Ibn al-Haytham
Q4: Which Muslim scientist worked on trigonometry?
A4: al-Khwarzimi
Q5: Who is believed to have discovered decagonal quasicrystal geometry?
A5: Medieval Muslim artists
History_of_science (History)

Muslim scientists placed far greater emphasis on experiment than had the Greeks. This led to an early scientific method being developed in the Muslim world, where significant progress in methodology was made, beginning with the experiments of Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) on optics from c. 1000, in his Book of Optics. The law of refraction of light was known to the Persians. The most important development of the scientific method was the use of experiments to distinguish between competing scientific theories set within a generally empirical orientation, which began among Muslim scientists. Ibn al-Haytham is also regarded as the father of optics, especially for his empirical proof of the intromission theory of light. Some have also described Ibn al-Haytham as the "first scientist" for his development of the modern scientific method.

Q1: What method did Muslim scientists use more than the Greeks?
A1: experiment
Q2: What book did Ibn al-Haytham write?
A2: Book of Optics
Q3: What law did the Persians know of?
A3: The law of refraction of light
Q4: What was Ibn al-Haytham's nickname?
A4: the father of optics
Q5: What theory did Ibn al-Haytham have proof for?
A5: the intromission theory of light
Ottoman_Empire (History)

Muslim sects regarded as heretical, such as the Druze, Ismailis, Alevis, and Alawites, ranked below Jews and Christians. In 1514, Sultan Selim I, nicknamed "the Grim" because of his cruelty, ordered the massacre of 40,000 Anatolian Alevis (Qizilbash), whom he considered heretics, reportedly proclaiming that "the killing of one Alevi had as much otherworldly reward as killing 70 Christians."[page needed] Selim was also responsible for an unprecedented and rapid expansion of the Ottoman Empire into the Middle East, especially through his conquest of the entire Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt, which included much of the region. With these conquests, Selim further solidified the Ottoman claim for being an Islamic caliphate, although Ottoman sultans had been claiming the title of caliph since the 14th century starting with Murad I (reigned 1362 to 1389). The caliphate would remain held by Ottoman sultans for the rest of the office's duration, which ended with its abolition on 3 March 1924 by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and the exile of the last caliph, Abdülmecid II, to France.

Q1: The Muslim sect known as the Druze is considered what?
A1: heretical
Q2: What was Sultan Selim I's nickname?
A2: the Grim
Q3: In what year did Sultan Selim I order the massacre of 40,000 people whom he considered heretics?
A3: 1514
Q4: What group did Sultan Selim I consider heretics and subsequently slaughter?
A4: Anatolian Alevis (Qizilbash)
Q5: Under Sultan Selim I the empire swallowed what sultanate in Egypt?
A5: Mamluk Sultanate