LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Poultry (Natural sciences)

It is widely agreed that the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the ancestor of all breeds of domestic duck (with the exception of the Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata), which is not closely related to other ducks). Ducks are farmed mainly for their meat, eggs, and down. As is the case with chickens, various breeds have been developed, selected for egg-laying ability, fast growth, and a well-covered carcase. The most common commercial breed in the United Kingdom and the United States is the Pekin duck, which can lay 200 eggs a year and can reach a weight of 3.5 kg (7.7 lb) in 44 days. In the Western world, ducks are not as popular as chickens, because the latter produce larger quantities of white, lean meat and are easier to keep intensively, making the price of chicken meat lower than that of duck meat. While popular in haute cuisine, duck appears less frequently in the mass-market food industry. However, things are different in the East. Ducks are more popular there than chickens and are mostly still herded in the traditional way and selected for their ability to find sufficient food in harvested rice fields and other wet environments.

Q1: What breed of duck is considered the first?
A1: mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the ancestor of all breeds of domestic duck (with the exception of the Muscovy duck
Q2: What are the outcomes of the breeding of ducks for humans?
A2: various breeds have been developed, selected for egg-laying ability, fast growth, and a well-covered carcase.
Q3: What variety is the most common the the United States and the U.K.
A3: Pekin duck
Q4: Why is the Pekin duck the favored of the western world?
A4: can lay 200 eggs a year and can reach a weight of 3.5 kg (7.7 lb) in 44 days
Q5: Why is duck more common than other poultry in the east society ??
A5: Ducks are more popular there than chickens and are mostly still herded in the traditional way and selected for their ability to find sufficient food in
Architecture (Art and architecture)

It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacular buildings make up most of the built world that people experience every day. Early human settlements were mostly rural. Due to a surplus in production the economy began to expand resulting in urbanization thus creating urban areas which grew and evolved very rapidly in some cases, such as that of Çatal Höyük in Anatolia and Mohenjo Daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in modern-day Pakistan.

Q1: What type of buildings are are built mostly through out the world?
A1: vernacular buildings
Q2: Why did the economy begin to expand?
A2: a surplus in production
Q3: Through what process is it thought that the first architectural achievements were made?
A3: trial and error
Q4: What is a popular type of architecture that still exists around the planet?
A4: vernacular
Q5: In what environment were many of the first human settlements?
A5: rural
Q6: What sort of an effect did a growing economy have on human settlements?
A6: urbanization
Q7: At what speed did urban settlements sometimes expand?
A7: rapidly
Alfred_North_Whitehead (Philosophy and religion)

It must be emphasized, however, that an entity is not merely a sum of its relations, but also a valuation of them and reaction to them. For Whitehead, creativity is the absolute principle of existence, and every entity (whether it is a human being, a tree, or an electron) has some degree of novelty in how it responds to other entities, and is not fully determined by causal or mechanistic laws. Of course, most entities do not have consciousness. As a human being's actions cannot always be predicted, the same can be said of where a tree's roots will grow, or how an electron will move, or whether it will rain tomorrow. Moreover, inability to predict an electron's movement (for instance) is not due to faulty understanding or inadequate technology; rather, the fundamental creativity/freedom of all entities means that there will always remain phenomena that are unpredictable.

Q1: An entity is a sum of relations, a valuation of them and what else?
A1: reaction to them.
Q2: Most entities do not have what?
A2: consciousness
Q3: All entities, being unable to predict behavior, are because of what?
A3: the fundamental creativity/freedom of all entities
Q4: Not being able to predict what any entity is going to do is what principle b Whitehead?
A4: creativity is the absolute principle of existence
Q5: Other than the combination of its relations, what else defines an entity?
A5: an entity is not merely a sum of its relations, but also a valuation of them and reaction to them
Q6: What did Whitehead believe regarding creativity?
A6: creativity is the absolute principle of existence
Q7: What did Whitehead believe about an entity's relation to other entities?
A7: has some degree of novelty in how it responds to other entities, and is not fully determined by causal or mechanistic laws
Near_East (Geography and places)

It now became relevant to define the east of the eastern question. In about the middle of the 19th century "Near East" came into use to describe that part of the east closest to Europe. The term "Far East" appeared contemporaneously meaning Japan, China, Korea, Indonesia and Viet Nam; in short, the East Indies. "Near East" applied to what had been mainly known as the Levant, which was in the jurisdiction of the Ottoman Porte, or government. Those who used the term had little choice about its meaning. They could not set foot on most of the shores of the southern and central Mediterranean from the Gulf of Sidra to Albania without permits from the Ottoman Empire.

Q1: When did "Near East" come into use to describe the part of the east closest to Europe?
A1: middle of the 19th century
Q2: In short, the term Far East appeared to name this area
A2: the East Indies
Q3: "Near East" applied to this mainly known area
A3: the Levant
Q4: What was the jurisdiction of the Levant in? 
A4: the Ottoman Porte
Q5: What was needed to set foot on most of the shores of the southern and central Mediterranean? 
A5: permits from the Ottoman Empire
Apollo (Philosophy and religion)

It seems an oracular cult existed in Delphi from the Mycenaean ages. In historical times, the priests of Delphi were called Labryaden, "the double-axe men", which indicates Minoan origin. The double-axe, labrys, was the holy symbol of the Cretan labyrinth. The Homeric hymn adds that Apollo appeared as a dolphin and carried Cretan priests to Delphi, where they evidently transferred their religious practices. Apollo Delphinios was a sea-god especially worshiped in Crete and in the islands, and his name indicates his connection with Delphi and the holy serpent Delphyne ("womb").[citation needed] Apollo's sister Artemis, who was the Greek goddess of hunting, is identified with Britomartis (Diktynna), the Minoan "Mistress of the animals". In her earliest depictions she is accompanied by the "Mister of the animals", a male god of hunting who had the bow as his attribute. His original name is unknown, but it seems that he was absorbed by the more popular Apollo, who stood by the virgin "Mistress of the Animals", becoming her brother.

Q1: What was the name for "the double-axe men?"
A1: Labryaden
Q2: What is another name for the double-axe?
A2: labrys
Q3: Who was the Minoan "Mistres of the animals?"
A3: Britomartis
Q4: Who was Apollo's sister?
A4: Artemis
Hellenistic_period (History)

It seems likely that Alexander himself pursued policies which led Hellenization, such as the foundations of new cities and Greek colonies. While it may have been a deliberate attempt to spread Greek culture (or as Arrian says, "to civilise the natives"), it is more likely that it was a series of pragmatic measures designed to aid in the rule of his enormous empire. Cities and colonies were centers of administrative control and Macedonian power in a newly conquered region. Alexander also seems to have attempted to create a mixed Greco-Persian elite class as shown by the Susa weddings and his adoption of some forms of Persian dress and court culture. He also brought in Persian and other non-Greek peoples into his military and even the elite cavalry units of the companion cavalry. Again, it is probably better to see these policies as a pragmatic response to the demands of ruling a large empire than to any idealized attempt to bringing Greek culture to the 'barbarians'. This approach was bitterly resented by the Macedonians and discarded by most of the Diadochi after Alexander's death. These policies can also be interpreted as the result of Alexander's possible megalomania during his later years.

Q1: Who led Hellenization practices by founding new Greek cities and colonies?
A1: Alexander
Q2: Susa weddings were an example of how Alexander mixed Greek culture with what other culture?
A2: Persian
Q3: Who bitterly resented Alexander's pragmatic approach of selecting his military?
A3: the Macedonians
Q4: Alexander suffered from what mental disorder?
A4: megalomania
Immaculate_Conception (Philosophy and religion)

It seems to have been St Bernard of Clairvaux who, in the 12th century, explicitly raised the question of the Immaculate Conception. A feast of the Conception of the Blessed Virgin had already begun to be celebrated in some churches of the West. St Bernard blames the canons of the metropolitan church of Lyon for instituting such a festival without the permission of the Holy See. In doing so, he takes occasion to repudiate altogether the view that the conception of Mary was sinless. It is doubtful, however, whether he was using the term "conception" in the same sense in which it is used in the definition of Pope Pius IX. Bernard would seem to have been speaking of conception in the active sense of the mother's cooperation, for in his argument he says: "How can there be absence of sin where there is concupiscence (libido)?" and stronger expressions follow, showing that he is speaking of the mother and not of the child.

Q1: Who began to query the position of the conception of Mary following the 11th century ?
A1: St Bernard of Clairvaux
Q2: Who did the query starter lay blame upon for the festivals that surrounded Mary's inception ?
A2: St Bernard blames the canons of the metropolitan church of Lyon for instituting such a festival without the permission of the Holy See.
Q3: What did the query starter believe to be the ultimate difficulty in accepting  the a virgin conception of Mary ?
A3: How can there be absence of sin where there is concupiscence (libido)?
Q4: What did the query starter believe had been done by Mary's direct  maternal line that contradict the conception theory of immaculate for Mary ?
A4: conception in the active sense of the mother's cooperation
Q5: Did the query starter believe that the festival for Mary's conception had authorization to be held ?
A5: instituting such a festival without the permission of the Holy See
Alfred_North_Whitehead (Philosophy and religion)

It should be emphasized, however, that for Whitehead God is not necessarily tied to religion. Rather than springing primarily from religious faith, Whitehead saw God as necessary for his metaphysical system. His system required that an order exist among possibilities, an order that allowed for novelty in the world and provided an aim to all entities. Whitehead posited that these ordered potentials exist in what he called the primordial nature of God. However, Whitehead was also interested in religious experience. This led him to reflect more intensively on what he saw as the second nature of God, the consequent nature. Whitehead's conception of God as a "dipolar" entity has called for fresh theological thinking.

Q1: What was Whitehead's belief about God in relation to religion?
A1: God is not necessarily tied to religion
Q2: Why did Whitehead view the existence of God as a necessity for his metaphysical system?
A2: His system required that an order exist among possibilities, an order that allowed for novelty in the world and provided an aim to all entities.
Q3: In what did Whitehead believe that those concepts existed?
A3: primordial nature of God
Q4: What did Whitehead view as the second nature of God?
A4: the consequent nature
Q5: What type of God did Whitehead believe existed?
A5: dipolar
Estonian_language (Language and literature)

It should be noted that Estonian words and names quoted in international publications from Soviet sources are often back-transliterations from the Russian transliteration. Examples are the use of "ya" for "ä" (e.g. Pyarnu instead of Pärnu), "y" instead of "õ" (e.g., Pylva instead of Põlva) and "yu" instead of "ü" (e.g., Pyussi instead of Püssi). Even in the Encyclopædia Britannica one can find "ostrov Khiuma", where "ostrov" means "island" in Russian and "Khiuma" is back-transliteration from Russian instead of "Hiiumaa" (Hiiumaa > Хийума(а) > Khiuma).

Q1: In Soviet international publications what language's transliteration are Estonian words and names often back-transliterations from?
A1: Russian
Q2: What famous encyclopedia contains a Russian back-transliteration of Estonian?
A2: Encyclopædia Britannica
Q3: What is the Russian back-transliteration from Encyclopædia Britannica?
A3: "ostrov Khiuma"
Memory (Social sciences and society)

It should be noted that although 6-month-olds can recall information over the short-term, they have difficulty recalling the temporal order of information. It is only by 9 months of age that infants can recall the actions of a two-step sequence in the correct temporal order - that is, recalling step 1 and then step 2. In other words, when asked to imitate a two-step action sequence (such as putting a toy car in the base and pushing in the plunger to make the toy roll to the other end), 9-month-olds tend to imitate the actions of the sequence in the correct order (step 1 and then step 2). Younger infants (6-month-olds) can only recall one step of a two-step sequence. Researchers have suggested that these age differences are probably due to the fact that the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the frontal components of the neural network are not fully developed at the age of 6-months.

Q1: Does a 6 month old have short term memory?
A1: can recall information over the short-term
Q2: What age can an infabt recall steps in an order?
A2: 9 months of age
Q3: What part of a two step sequence can a 6 month old remember?
A3: one step of a two-step sequence
Q4: What part of the brain is not fully developed in infants which can cause the memory differences in ages?
A4: the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the frontal components of the neural network are not fully developed
Samurai (Language and literature)

It should be noted that many samurai forces that were active throughout this period were not deployed to Korea; most importantly, the daimyo Tokugawa Ieyasu carefully kept forces under his command out of the Korean campaigns, and other samurai commanders who were opposed to Hideyoshi's domination of Japan either mulled Hideyoshi's call to invade Korea or contributed a small token force. Most commanders who did opposed or otherwise resisted/resented Hideyoshi ended up as part of the so-called Eastern Army, while commanders loyal to Hideyoshi and his son (a notable exception to this trend was Katō Kiyomasa, who deployed with Tokugawa and the Eastern Army) were largely committed to the Western Army; the two opposing sides (so named for the relative geographical locations of their respective commanders' domains) would later clash, most notably at the Battle of Sekigahara, which was won by Tokugawa Ieyasu and the Eastern Forces, paving the way for the establishment of the Tokugawa Shogunate.

Q1: Which military leader avoided sending his soldiers to Korea?
A1: Tokugawa Ieyasu
Q2: What force were most commanders opposed to the Korea invasion part of?
A2: Eastern Army
Q3: Which commander loyal to Hideyoshi was in the Eastern Army?
A3: Katō Kiyomasa
Q4: Where did the Eastern and Western armies battle?
A4: Battle of Sekigahara
Q5: Which army won the Battle of Sekigahara?
A5: Eastern Forces
Westminster_Abbey (Art and architecture)

It suffered damage during the turbulent 1640s, when it was attacked by Puritan iconoclasts, but was again protected by its close ties to the state during the Commonwealth period. Oliver Cromwell was given an elaborate funeral there in 1658, only to be disinterred in January 1661 and posthumously hanged from a gibbet at Tyburn.

Q1: When did the abbey suffer damage?
A1: 1640s
Q2: Who attacked the abbey?
A2: Puritan iconoclasts
Q3: What protected the abbey?
A3: ties to the state during the Commonwealth
Q4: Who had a fancy funeral at the abbey in 1658?
A4: Oliver Cromwell
Q5: When was Oliver Cromwell disinterred?
A5: January 1661
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 (History)

It threatened the collapse of large financial institutions, which was prevented by the bailout of banks by national governments, but stock markets still dropped worldwide. In many areas, the housing market also suffered, resulting in evictions, foreclosures and prolonged unemployment. The crisis played a significant role in the failure of key businesses, declines in consumer wealth estimated in trillions of U.S. dollars, and a downturn in economic activity leading to the 2008–2012 global recession and contributing to the European sovereign-debt crisis. The active phase of the crisis, which manifested as a liquidity crisis, can be dated from August 9, 2007, when BNP Paribas terminated withdrawals from three hedge funds citing "a complete evaporation of liquidity".

Q1: What action in 2007 by national governments prevented the collapse of large financial institutions?
A1: bailout of banks
Q2: How much estimated consumer wealth was lost as a result of the financial crisis of 2007?
A2: trillions of U.S. dollars
Q3: What is the date the active phase of the financial crisis began as a liquidity crisis?
A3: August 9, 2007
Q4: What year did the global recession that followed the financial crisis of 2007 end?
A4: 2012
Q5: What was the name of the company that terminated withdrawals from three hedge funds in 2007 citing a liquidity crisis?
A5: BNP Paribas
New_Delhi (Geography and places)

It took about 20 years to build the city from 1911. Many elements of New Delhi architecture borrow from indigenous sources; however, they fit into a British Classical/Palladian tradition. The fact that there were any indigenous features in the design were due to the persistence and urging of both the Viceroy Lord Hardinge and historians like E.B. Havell.

Q1: Approximately how long did it take to build New Delhi?
A1: 20 years
Q2: The architecture of New Delhi borrows from indigenous sources but fits into what tradition?
A2: British Classical/Palladian
Q3: What historian is partially responsible for the use of indigenous features in the architecture of New Delhi?
A3: E.B. Havell
Q4: Which government official urged that indigenous features be used in the design of New Delhi?
A4: Viceroy Lord Hardinge
Q5: Many of the architectural elements of New Delhi borrow from what sources?
A5: indigenous
Cubism (Art and architecture)

It was against this background of public anger that Jean Metzinger and Albert Gleizes wrote Du "Cubisme" (published by Eugène Figuière in 1912, translated to English and Russian in 1913). Among the works exhibited were Le Fauconnier's vast composition Les Montagnards attaqués par des ours (Mountaineers Attacked by Bears) now at Rhode Island School of Design Museum, Joseph Csaky's Deux Femme, Two Women (a sculpture now lost), in addition to the highly abstract paintings by Kupka, Amorpha (The National Gallery, Prague), and Picabia, La Source, The Spring (Museum of Modern Art, New York).

Q1: What against did Metzinger and Gleizes write Du "Cubsime"? 
A1: public anger
Q2: Who published Du "Cubisme"?
A2: Eugène Figuière
Q3: In what year was  Du "Cubisme" published? 
A3: 1912
CBC_Television (History)

It was also the exclusive carrier of Canadian Curling Association events during the 2004–2005 season. Due to disappointing results and fan outrage over many draws being carried on CBC Country Canada (now called Cottage Life Television, the association tried to cancel its multiyear deal with the CBC signed in 2004. After the CBC threatened legal action, both sides eventually came to an agreement under which early-round rights reverted to TSN. On June 15, 2006, the CCA announced that TSN would obtain exclusive rights to curling broadcasts in Canada as of the 2008-09 season, shutting the CBC out of the championship weekend for the first time in 40-plus years.

Q1: CBC was eclusive carrier of what other sport during the 2004-2005 season?
A1: Curling
Q2: What is CBC Country Canada now called?
A2: Cottage Life Television
Q3: Who became the new exclusive carrier of curling broadcasts during the 2008-2009 season?
A3: TSN
Q4: On what day was it announced CBC had lost exclusve rights to curling broadcasting?
A4: June 15, 2006
FC_Barcelona (Sports and recreation)

It was announced in summer of 2012 that Tito Vilanova, assistant manager at FC Barcelona, would take over from Pep Guardiola as manager. Following his appointment, Barcelona went on an incredible run that saw them hold the top spot on the league table for the entire season, recording only two losses and amassing 100 points. Their top scorer once again was Lionel Messi, who scored 46 goals in the League, including two hat-tricks. On 11 May 2013 Barcelona were crowned as the Spanish football champions for the 22nd time, still with four games left to play. Ultimately Barcelona ended the season 15 points clear of rivals Real Madrid, despite losing 2–1 to them at the beginning of March. They reached the semifinal stage of both the Copa del Rey and the Champions League, going out to Real Madrid and Bayern Munich respectively. On 19 July, it was announced that Vilanova was resigning as Barcelona manager because his throat cancer had returned, and he would be receiving treatment for the second time after a three-month medical leave in December 2012.

Q1: When did Tito Vilanova become manager of FC Barcelona?
A1: 2012
Q2: Who did Vilanova replace as manager?
A2: Pep Guardiola
Q3: How many total points did Barcelona collect during the 20012 season?
A3: 100
Q4: Who was Barcelona's top scorer?
A4: Lionel Messi
Q5: When was the Barcelona team become Spanish football champions for the 22nd time?
A5: 11 May 2013
Norfolk_Island (Geography and places)

It was announced on 19 March 2015 that self-governance for the island would be revoked by the Commonwealth and replaced by a local council with the state of New South Wales providing services to the island. A reason given was that the island had never gained self-sufficiency and was being heavily subsidised by the Commonwealth, by $12.5 million in 2015 alone. It meant that residents would have to start paying Australian income tax, but they would also be covered by Australian welfare schemes such as Centrelink and Medicare.

Q1: When did the Commonwealth of Australia announce that Norfolk Island would no longer be governed by itself?
A1: 19 March 2015
Q2: What did the Commonwealth want to replace the Norfolk Island government with?
A2: a local council
Q3: From what state did the proposed council come from?
A3: New South Wales
Q4: What benefits would Norfolk Island residents receive as a result of the new council?
A4: they would also be covered by Australian welfare schemes such as Centrelink and Medicare
Q5: What would Norfolk Island residents have to start paying as a result of the new council?
A5: Australian income tax