LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Boston (Geography and places)

Various LGBT publications serve the city's large LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender) community such as The Rainbow Times, the only minority and lesbian-owned LGBT newsmagazine. Founded in 2006, The Rainbow Times is now based out of Boston, but serves all of New England.

Q1: What is the name of the citys only lesbian owned LGBT magazine?
A1: The Rainbow Times
Q2: What year was the Rainbow Times founded?
A2: 2006
Q3: What locations does the Rainbow Times serve?
A3: all of New England
Q4: Where is the headquarters for the Rainbow Times?
A4: Boston
Exhibition_game (Sports and recreation)

Various auto racing organizations hold exhibition events; these events usually award no championship points to participants, but they do offer prize money to participants. The NASCAR Sprint Cup Series holds two exhibition events annually - the Sprint Unlimited, held at Daytona International Speedway at the start of the season, and the NASCAR Sprint All-Star Race, held at Charlotte Motor Speedway midway through the season. Both events carry a hefty purse of over USD $1,000,000. NASCAR has also held exhibition races at Suzuka Circuit and Twin Ring Motegi in Japan and Calder Park Thunderdome in Australia.

Q1: How many exhibition events per year does the NASCAR Sprint Cup have?
A1: two
Q2: Where is the Sprint Unlimited held?
A2: Daytona International Speedway
Q3: Where is the Sprint All-Star Race held?
A3: Charlotte Motor Speedway
Q4: What does the winner of the Sprint Unlimited get?
A4: over USD $1,000,000
Q5: Where is Calder Park Thunderdome?
A5: Australia
Eton_College (History)

Various benefactions make it possible to give grants each year to boys who wish, for educational or cultural reasons, to work or travel abroad. These include the Busk Fund, which supports individual ventures that show particular initiative; the C.M. Wells Memorial Trust Fund, for the promotion of visits to classical lands; the Sadler Fund, which supports, amongst others, those intending to enter the Foreign Service; and the Marsden Fund, for travel in countries where the principal language is not English.

Q1: What does the Busk Fund support?
A1: individual ventures that show particular initiative
Q2: Which Fund is dedicated for travel to non-English speaking countries?
A2: Marsden Fund
Q3: Which Fund supports travel to classical lands?
A3: the C.M. Wells Memorial Trust Fund
Han_dynasty (History)

Various cases for rape, physical abuse and murder were prosecuted in court. Women, although usually having fewer rights by custom, were allowed to level civil and criminal charges against men. While suspects were jailed, convicted criminals were never imprisoned. Instead, punishments were commonly monetary fines, periods of forced hard labor for convicts, and the penalty of death by beheading. Early Han punishments of torturous mutilation were borrowed from Qin law. A series of reforms abolished mutilation punishments with progressively less-severe beatings by the bastinado.

Q1: What type of torture was acquired from Qin law?
A1: mutilation
Q2: What eventually replaced torturous mutilation as a type of punishment?
A2: progressively less-severe beatings
Q3: What type of extreme punishment was likely to be laid upon those who committed the harshest of crimes?
A3: death by beheading
Q4: What could a criminal in this era expect not to happen if he was convicted of a crime?
A4: criminals were never imprisoned
Q5: What did women commonly have less of?
A5: rights
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

Various classes of Vajrayana literature developed as a result of royal courts sponsoring both Buddhism and Saivism. The Mañjusrimulakalpa, which later came to classified under Kriyatantra, states that mantras taught in the Saiva, Garuda and Vaisnava tantras will be effective if applied by Buddhists since they were all taught originally by Manjushri. The Guhyasiddhi of Padmavajra, a work associated with the Guhyasamaja tradition, prescribes acting as a Saiva guru and initiating members into Saiva Siddhanta scriptures and mandalas. The Samvara tantra texts adopted the pitha list from the Saiva text Tantrasadbhava, introducing a copying error where a deity was mistaken for a place.

Q1: The royal courts sponsored both Buddhism and what?
A1: Saivism
Q2: Mantras taught in the Saiva, Garuda, and Vaisnava tantra will be effective if applied by who?
A2: Buddhists
Q3: What work is associated with Guhyasamaja tradition?
A3: The Guhyasiddhi of Padmavajra
USB (Engineering and technology)

Various connectors have been used for smaller devices such as digital cameras, smartphones, and tablet computers. These include the now-deprecated (i.e. de-certified but standardized) mini-A and mini-AB connectors; mini-B connectors are still supported, but are not OTG-compliant (On The Go, used in mobile devices). The mini-B USB connector was standard for transferring data to and from the early smartphones and PDAs. Both mini-A and mini-B plugs are approximately 3 by 7 mm; the mini-A connector and the mini-AB receptacle connector were deprecated on 23 May 2007.

Q1: What has been used to connect digital cameras. smartphones and other devices to tablet computers?
A1: Various connectors
Q2: What was standard for transferring data to and from the earlier type of smartphones?
A2: The mini-B USB connector
Q3: How large are both mini-A and mini-B plugs?
A3: approximately 3 by 7 mm
Q4: When were the mini-A connector and and the mini-AB receptacle connector depreceated?
A4: 23 May 2007
House_music (Music)

Various disco songs incorporated sounds produced with synthesizers and drum machines, and some compositions were entirely electronic; examples include Giorgio Moroder's late 1970s productions such as Donna Summer's hit single "I Feel Love" from 1977, Cerrone's "Supernature" (1977), Yellow Magic Orchestra's synth-disco-pop productions from Yellow Magic Orchestra (1978), Solid State Survivor (1979), and several early 1980s disco-pop productions by the Hi-NRG group Lime.

Q1: What instruments did disco songs incorporate from house music?
A1: synthesizers and drum machines
Q2: who produced Donna Summer's hit single "I Feel Love"?
A2: Giorgio Moroder
Q3: what sort of music did Hi-NRG group Lime produce?
A3: 1980s disco-pop
Q4: What year did Cerrone's "Supernature" get released?
A4: 1977
Q5: What year was solid state survivor released?
A5: 1979
Protestantism (Philosophy and religion)

Various ecumenical movements have attempted cooperation or reorganization of the various divided Protestant denominations, according to various models of union, but divisions continue to outpace unions, as there is no overarching authority to which any of the churches owe allegiance, which can authoritatively define the faith. Most denominations share common beliefs in the major aspects of the Christian faith while differing in many secondary doctrines, although what is major and what is secondary is a matter of idiosyncratic belief.

Q1: What type of movements have tried to unite Protestant denominations?
A1: Various ecumenical
Q2: Which is larger, divisions or unions of Protestantism?
A2: divisions
Q3: What beliefs do most denominations agree on?
A3: common beliefs in the major aspects of the Christian faith
Q4: What types of doctrines do denominations not agree on?
A4: secondary
Q5: What type of belief defines what is a major or minor doctrine?
A5: idiosyncratic
On_the_Origin_of_Species (Natural sciences)

Various evolutionary ideas had already been proposed to explain new findings in biology. There was growing support for such ideas among dissident anatomists and the general public, but during the first half of the 19th century the English scientific establishment was closely tied to the Church of England, while science was part of natural theology. Ideas about the transmutation of species were controversial as they conflicted with the beliefs that species were unchanging parts of a designed hierarchy and that humans were unique, unrelated to other animals. The political and theological implications were intensely debated, but transmutation was not accepted by the scientific mainstream.

Q1: Which group of scientists began to support evolutionary ideas?
A1: dissident anatomists
Q2: Which powerful religious institution was a big part of scientific study in the 19th century?
A2: the Church of England
Q3: What was the general opinion about transmutation of species in the 19th century?
A3: Ideas about the transmutation of species were controversial
Q4: How did the majority of science see humanity in relation to animals in the 19th century?
A4: that humans were unique, unrelated to other animals.
Q5: Which theology did everyone agree science was a part of in the 19th century?
A5: natural theology
Hanover (History)

Various industrial businesses are located in Hannover. The Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles Transporter (VWN) factory at Hannover-Stöcken is the biggest employer in the region and operates a huge plant at the northern edge of town adjoining the Mittellandkanal and Motorway A2. Jointly with a factory of German tire and automobile parts manufacturer Continental AG, they have a coal-burning power plant. Continental AG, founded in Hanover in 1871, is one of the city's major companies, as is Sennheiser. Since 2008 a take-over is in progress: the Schaeffler Group from Herzogenaurach (Bavaria) holds the majority of the stock but were required due to the financial crisis to deposit the options as securities at banks. TUI AG has its HQ in Hanover. Hanover is home to many insurance companies, many of which operate only in Germany. One major global reinsurance company is Hannover Re, whose headquarters are east of the city centre.

Q1: What does VWN stand for?
A1: Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles Transporter
Q2: What part of town is the plant owned by VWN located in?
A2: northern edge of town
Q3: Which company was founded in Hanover in 1871?
A3: Continental AG
Q4: Where does TUI AG host their headquarters?
A4: Hanover
Q5: Which major global reinsurance company has their headquarters east of the city center?
A5: Hannover Re
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States (History)

Various methods have been used in the history of the American colonies and the United States but only five methods are currently used. Historically, burning, crushing, breaking on wheel, and bludgeoning were used for a small number of executions, while hanging was the most common method. The last person burned at the stake was a black slave in South Carolina in August 1825. The last person to be hanged in chains was a murderer named John Marshall in West Virginia on April 4, 1913. Although beheading was a legal method in Utah from 1851 to 1888, it was never used.

Q1: How many execution methods are currently used in the United States?
A1: five
Q2: What was the most common historical method of execution in the United States?
A2: hanging
Q3: In what state did the last burning at the stake take place in the US?
A3: South Carolina
Q4: Who was the last person hanged in chains in the Untied States?
A4: John Marshall
Q5: When was execution by beheading ended in Utah?
A5: 1888
Alps (Geography and places)

Various models of climate change have been projected into the 22nd century for the Alps, with an expectation that a trend toward increased temperatures will have an effect on snowfall, snowpack, glaciation, and river runoff.

Q1: What has been projected into the 22nd century for the Alps?
A1: Various models of climate change
Q2: What will have an effect on snowfall, snowpack, glaciation, and river runoff?
A2: increased temperatures
Q3: What have the various models been of?
A3: climate change
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Various music journalists, critical theorists, and authors have deemed Madonna the most influential female recording artist of all time. Author Carol Clerk wrote that "during her career, Madonna has transcended the term 'pop star' to become a global cultural icon." Rolling Stone of Spain wrote that "She became the first viral Master of Pop in history, years before the Internet was massively used. Madonna was everywhere; in the almighty music television channels, 'radio formulas', magazine covers and even in bookshops. A pop dialectic, never seen since The Beatles's reign, which allowed her to keep on the edge of tendency and commerciality." Laura Barcella in her book Madonna and Me: Women Writers on the Queen of Pop (2012) wrote that "really, Madonna changed everything the musical landscape, the '80s look du jour, and most significantly, what a mainstream female pop star could (and couldn't) say, do, or accomplish in the public eye." William Langley from The Daily Telegraph felt that "Madonna has changed the world's social history, has done more things as more different people than anyone else is ever likely to." Alan McGee from The Guardian felt that Madonna is a post-modern art, the likes of which we will never see again. He further asserted that Madonna and Michael Jackson invented the terms Queen and King of Pop.

Q1: Who is the most influential recording artist of all time?
A1: Madonna
Q2: Who wrote the book, Madonna and Me?
A2: Laura Barcella
Q3: Who said that Madonna changed the world social history?
A3: William Langley from The Daily Telegraph
Q4: Who said that Madonna is like post-moderm art?
A4: Alan McGee from The Guardian
Buckingham_Palace (Art and architecture)

Various owners leased it from royal landlords and the freehold was the subject of frenzied speculation during the 17th century. By then, the old village of Eye Cross had long since fallen into decay, and the area was mostly wasteland. Needing money, James I sold off part of the Crown freehold but retained part of the site on which he established a 4-acre (16,000 m2) mulberry garden for the production of silk. (This is at the northwest corner of today's palace.) Clement Walker in Anarchia Anglicana (1649) refers to "new-erected sodoms and spintries at the Mulberry Garden at S. James's"; this suggests it may have been a place of debauchery. Eventually, in the late 17th century, the freehold was inherited from the property tycoon Sir Hugh Audley by the great heiress Mary Davies.

Q1: Which property tycoon inherited the property in the late 17th century?
A1: Sir Hugh Audley
Q2: Which village had fallen into decay?
A2: Eye Cross
Q3: Who established a mulberry garden on the property?
A3: James I
Q4: What product did the mulberry garden produce?
A4: silk
Q5: Who suggests that the mulberry garden is likely a place for debauchery?
A5: Clement Walker
Q6: What about the palace was subject to speculation in the 17th century?
A6: the freehold
Q7: Which village had fallen into decay but the 17th century?
A7: Eye Cross
Q8: Who sold off part of the Crown Freehold?
A8: James I
Q9: What type of garden did James I create?
A9: mulberry
Q10: What did the mulberry garden produce?
A10: silk.
Ashkenazi_Jews (History)

Various studies have arrived at diverging conclusions regarding both the degree and the sources of the non-Levantine admixture in Ashkenazim, particularly in respect to the extent of the non-Levantine genetic origin observed in Ashkenazi maternal lineages, which is in contrast to the predominant Levantine genetic origin observed in Ashkenazi paternal lineages. All studies nevertheless agree that genetic overlap with the Fertile Crescent exists in both lineages, albeit at differing rates. Collectively, Ashkenazi Jews are less genetically diverse than other Jewish ethnic divisions.

Q1: All studies agree that genetic overlap with what location exists in both lineages?
A1: Fertile Crescent
Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas (History)

Various theories for the decline of the Native American populations emphasize epidemic diseases, conflicts with Europeans, and conflicts among warring tribes. Scholars now believe that, among the various contributing factors, epidemic disease was the overwhelming cause of the population decline of the American natives. Some believe that after first contacts with Europeans and Africans, Old World diseases caused the death of 90 to 95% of the native population of the New World in the following 150 years. Smallpox killed up to one third of the native population of Hispaniola in 1518. By killing the Incan ruler Huayna Capac, smallpox caused the Inca Civil War. Smallpox was only the first epidemic. Typhus (probably) in 1546, influenza and smallpox together in 1558, smallpox again in 1589, diphtheria in 1614, measles in 1618—all ravaged the remains of Inca culture.

Q1: What was the overwhelming reason for the decline of Native American populations?
A1: epidemic disease
Q2: Old World diseases accounted for up to what percentage of deaths among the native New World population?
A2: 90 to 95%
Q3: How long did it take for the Old World diseases to decimate the native population to the extent it did?
A3: 150 years
Q4: What disease killed almost a third of the population of Hispaniola in 1518?
A4: Smallpox
Q5: How did smallpox cause the Inca Civil War?
A5: By killing the Incan ruler Huayna Capac
Hunting (Sports and recreation)

Varmint hunting is an American phrase for the selective killing of non-game animals seen as pests. While not always an efficient form of pest control, varmint hunting achieves selective control of pests while providing recreation and is much less regulated. Varmint species are often responsible for detrimental effects on crops, livestock, landscaping, infrastructure, and pets. Some animals, such as wild rabbits or squirrels, may be utilised for fur or meat, but often no use is made of the carcass. Which species are varmints depends on the circumstance and area. Common varmints may include various rodents, coyotes, crows, foxes, feral cats, and feral hogs. Some animals once considered varmints are now protected, such as wolves. In the US state of Louisiana, a non-native rodent known as a nutria has become so destructive to the local ecosystem that the state has initiated a bounty program to help control the population.

Q1: What is varmint hunting an American phrase for?
A1: selective killing of non-game animals seen as pests
Q2: What does varmint hunting achieve? 
A2: selective control of pests
Q3: What detrimental effects are varmint species often responsible for visiting on?
A3: crops, livestock, landscaping, infrastructure, and pets.
Q4: Where has a non-native rodent known as a nutria become very destructive?
A4: Louisiana
Q5: What has the state of Louisiana done to combat the nutria?
A5: initiated a bounty program
Q6: What is phrased for selective killing of non-game animals.
A6: Varmint hunting
Q7: What was once considered a varmint but is now protected?
A7: wolves
Q8: What is the non-native varmint of Louisiana?
A8: nutria
Q9: What did Louisiana initiate to control the varmint population?
A9: bounty program
Montana (Geography and places)

Vegetation of the state includes lodgepole pine, ponderosa pine; Douglas fir, larch, spruce; aspen, birch, red cedar, hemlock, ash, alder; rocky mountain maple and cottonwood trees. Forests cover approximately 25 percent of the state. Flowers native to Montana include asters, bitterroots, daisies, lupins, poppies, primroses, columbine, lilies, orchids, and dryads. Several species of sagebrush and cactus and many species of grasses are common. Many species of mushrooms and lichens are also found in the state.

Q1: About how much area do forests cover the state?
A1: approximately 25 percent
Lighting (Engineering and technology)

Vehicles typically include headlamps and tail lights. Headlamps are white or selective yellow lights placed in the front of the vehicle, designed to illuminate the upcoming road and to make the vehicle more visible. Many manufactures are turning to LED headlights as an energy-efficient alternative to traditional headlamps. Tail and brake lights are red and emit light to the rear so as to reveal the vehicle's direction of travel to following drivers. White rear-facing reversing lamps indicate that the vehicle's transmission has been placed in the reverse gear, warning anyone behind the vehicle that it is moving backwards, or about to do so. Flashing turn signals on the front, side, and rear of the vehicle indicate an intended change of position or direction. In the late 1950s, some automakers began to use electroluminescent technology to backlight their cars' speedometers and other gauges or to draw attention to logos or other decorative elements.

Q1: What color are tail lights?
A1: red
Q2: What color are headlamps on a vehicle?
A2: white or selective yellow
Q3: When did automakers start using electroluminescent technology to backlight gauges?
A3: late 1950s
Q4: What color are reversing indicator lamps?
A4: White
Q5: What indicates that a driver is intending to change position?
A5: turn signals
Green (Language and literature)

Verdigris is made by placing a plate or blade of copper, brass or bronze, slightly warmed, into a vat of fermenting wine, leaving it there for several weeks, and then scraping off and drying the green powder that forms on the metal. The process of making verdigris was described in ancient times by Pliny. It was used by the Romans in the murals of Pompeii, and in Celtic medieval manuscripts as early as the 5th century AD. It produced a blue-green which no other pigment could imitate, but it had drawbacks; it was unstable, it could not resist dampness, it did not mix well with other colors, it could ruin other colors with which it came into contact., and it was toxic. Leonardo da Vinci, in his treatise on painting, warned artists not to use it. It was widely used in miniature paintings in Europe and Persia in the 16th and 17th centuries. Its use largely ended in the late 19th century, when it was replaced by the safer and more stable chrome green. Viridian, also called chrome green, is a pigment made with chromium oxide dihydrate, was patented in 1859. It became popular with painters, since, unlike other synthetic greens, it was stable and not toxic. Vincent van Gogh used it, along with Prussian blue, to create a dark blue sky with a greenish tint in his painting Cafe terrace at night.

Q1: What is made by placing a plate of blade of copper, brass, or bronze into vat of fermenting wine for several weeks, then scraping off and drying the green powder?
A1: Verdigris
Q2: Who described the process of making verdigris in ancient times?
A2: Pliny
Q3: In what city did the Romans use verdigris in murals?
A3: Pompeii
Q4: What would verdigris do to other colors that it came in contact with?
A4: ruin
Q5: Which famous artist warned other artists not to use verdigris?
A5: Leonardo da Vinci
Architecture (Art and architecture)

Vernacular architecture became increasingly ornamental. House builders could use current architectural design in their work by combining features found in pattern books and architectural journals.

Q1: What kind of books did housebuilders use?
A1: pattern books and architectural journals
Q2: What type of design did these texts allow the builders to incorporate?
A2: current architectural design