LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Iranian_languages (Language and literature)

Two of the earliest dialectal divisions among Iranian indeed happen to not follow the later division into Western and Eastern blocks. These concern the fate of the Proto-Indo-Iranian first-series palatal consonants, *ć and *dź:

Q1: What elements of Proto-Indo-Iranian did not diverge according to the ensuing split between eastern and western variants?
A1: *ć and *dź
Q2: What type of letters are *ć and *dź?
A2: first-series palatal consonants
Richmond,_Virginia (Geography and places)

Two other major parks in the city along the river are Byrd Park and Maymont, located near the Fan District. Byrd Park features a one-mile (1.6 km) running track, with exercise stops, a public dog park, and a number of small lakes for small boats, as well as two monuments, Buddha house, and an amphitheatre. Prominently featured in the park is the World War I Memorial Carillon, built in 1926 as a memorial to those that died in the war. Maymont, located adjacent to Byrd Park, is a 100-acre (40 ha) Victorian estate with a museum, formal gardens, native wildlife exhibits, nature center, carriage collection, and children's farm. Other parks in the city include Joseph Bryan Park Azalea Garden, Forest Hill Park (former site of the Forest Hill Amusement Park), Chimborazo Park (site of the National Battlefield Headquarters), among others.

Q1: What part of Richmond is Maymont close to?
A1: Fan District
Q2: How many kilometers long is the track in Byrd Park?
A2: 1.6
Q3: How many monuments can be found in Byrd Park?
A3: two
Q4: In what year was the World War I Memorial Carillon constructed?
A4: 1926
Q5: What was previously located at the present location of Forest Hill Park?
A5: Forest Hill Amusement Park
London (Geography and places)

Two recent discoveries indicate probable very early settlements near the Thames in the London area. In 1999, the remains of a Bronze Age bridge were found on the foreshore north of Vauxhall Bridge. This bridge either crossed the Thames, or went to a now lost island in the river. Dendrology dated the timbers to 1500 BC. In 2010 the foundations of a large timber structure, dated to 4500 BC, were found on the Thames foreshore, south of Vauxhall Bridge. The function of the mesolithic structure is not known. Both structures are on South Bank, at a natural crossing point where the River Effra flows into the River Thames.

Q1: What river flows into the River Thames?
A1: the River Effra
Q2: The remains of an ancient bridge found on the shore of the River Thames was dated back to what archaeological period?
A2: Bronze Age
Q3: The remains of what type of structure from the mesolithic period was found on the River Thames's foreshore?
A3: not known
Q4: How many ancient structures' ruins have been found near the River Thames in recent history?
A4: Two
Q5: The remains of an unknown ancient structure found on the River Thames foreshore dated back to approximately what year?
A5: 4500 BC
Tajikistan (Geography and places)

Two rounds of Soviet purges directed by Moscow (1927–1934 and 1937–1938) resulted in the expulsion of nearly 10,000 people, from all levels of the Communist Party of Tajikistan. Ethnic Russians were sent in to replace those expelled and subsequently Russians dominated party positions at all levels, including the top position of first secretary. Between 1926 and 1959 the proportion of Russians among Tajikistan's population grew from less than 1% to 13%. Bobojon Ghafurov, Tajikistan's First Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan from 1946–1956 was the only Tajikistani politician of significance outside of the country during the Soviet Era. He was followed in office by Tursun Uljabayev (1956–61), Jabbor Rasulov (1961–1982), and Rahmon Nabiyev (1982–1985, 1991–1992).

Q1: Who directed the purges of Soviets?
A1: Moscow
Q2: How many people were expelled??
A2: nearly 10,000 people
Q3: Who were sent to replace the expelled positions?
A3: Ethnic Russians
Q4: What did this cause when the expelled parties were replaced?
A4: subsequently Russians dominated party positions at all levels, including the top position of first secretary
Q5: What did the population of Russians do between 1926-1959?
A5: grew from less than 1% to 13%
USB (Engineering and technology)

Two types of charging port exist: the charging downstream port (CDP), supporting data transfers as well, and the dedicated charging port (DCP), without data support. A portable device can recognize the type of USB port; on a dedicated charging port, the D+ and D− pins are shorted with a resistance not exceeding 200 ohms, while charging downstream ports provide additional detection logic so their presence can be determined by attached devices. (see ref pg. 2, Section 1.4.5, & Table 5-3 "Resistances"—pg. 29).

Q1: How many types of charging ports exist?
A1: Two types
Q2: What can a portable device recognize?
A2: the type of USB port
Q3: What are the D+ and D- shortened with?
A3: a resistance not exceeding 200 ohms
Athanasius_of_Alexandria (Philosophy and religion)

Two years later, the Emperor Valens, who favored the Arian position, in his turn exiled Athanasius. This time however, Athanasius simply left for the outskirts of Alexandria, where he stayed for only a few months before the local authorities convinced Valens to retract his order of exile. Some early reports state that Athanasius spent this period of exile at his family's ancestral tomb in a Christian cemetery. It was during this period, the final exile, that he is said to have spent four months in hiding in his father's tomb. (Soz., "Hist. Eccl.", VI, xii; Soc., "Hist. Eccl.", IV, xii).

Q1: What Christian beliefs did Emperor Valens adhere to?
A1: Arian
Q2: Where did Athanasius during his latest exile?
A2: outskirts of Alexandria
Q3: For how long was he exiled this time?
A3: few months
Q4: Where did he hide during this time?
A4: his father's tomb
Q5: Who convinced Valens to let him return to Alexandria?
A5: local authorities
British_Empire (History)

Two years later, the Royal African Company was inaugurated, receiving from King Charles a monopoly of the trade to supply slaves to the British colonies of the Caribbean. From the outset, slavery was the basis of the British Empire in the West Indies. Until the abolition of the slave trade in 1807, Britain was responsible for the transportation of 3.5 million African slaves to the Americas, a third of all slaves transported across the Atlantic. To facilitate this trade, forts were established on the coast of West Africa, such as James Island, Accra and Bunce Island. In the British Caribbean, the percentage of the population of African descent rose from 25 percent in 1650 to around 80 percent in 1780, and in the 13 Colonies from 10 percent to 40 percent over the same period (the majority in the southern colonies). For the slave traders, the trade was extremely profitable, and became a major economic mainstay for such western British cities as Bristol and Liverpool, which formed the third corner of the so-called triangular trade with Africa and the Americas. For the transported, harsh and unhygienic conditions on the slaving ships and poor diets meant that the average mortality rate during the Middle Passage was one in seven.

Q1: Which company had monopoly of the trade to supply slaves to the British colonies of the Caribbean?
A1: Royal African Company
Q2: When was the British slave trade abolished?
A2: 1807
Q3: How many African slaves did Britain transport to the Americas?
A3: 3.5 million
Q4: The triangular slave trade was between Africa, the Americas, and which British cities?
A4: Bristol and Liverpool
Q5: What was the death rate during the Middle Passage?
A5: one in seven
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 (History)

Typical American families did not fare as well, nor did those "wealthy-but-not wealthiest" families just beneath the pyramid's top. On the other hand, half of the poorest families did not have wealth declines at all during the crisis. The Federal Reserve surveyed 4,000 households between 2007 and 2009, and found that the total wealth of 63 percent of all Americans declined in that period. 77 percent of the richest families had a decrease in total wealth, while only 50 percent of those on the bottom of the pyramid suffered a decrease.

Q1: How many of the poorest families did not have any wealth decline during the financial crisis?
A1: half
Q2: In a Federal Reserve survey of 4,000 households, what percent reported wealth decline between 2007 and 2009?
A2: 63
Q3: How many of the richest families had a decrease in total wealth between 2007 and 2009?
A3: 77
Q4: How many families at the bottom of the pyramid had a decrease in total wealth between 2007 and 2009?
A4: 50
Q5: Which families experienced the least decline in wealth between 2007 and 2009?
A5: poorest families
Portugal (Geography and places)

Typical fast food dishes include the Francesinha (Frenchie) from Porto, and bifanas (grilled pork) or prego (grilled beef) sandwiches, which are well known around the country. The Portuguese art of pastry has its origins in the many medieval Catholic monasteries spread widely across the country. These monasteries, using very few ingredients (mostly almonds, flour, eggs and some liquor), managed to create a spectacular wide range of different pastries, of which pastéis de Belém (or pastéis de nata) originally from Lisbon, and ovos moles from Aveiro are examples. Portuguese cuisine is very diverse, with different regions having their own traditional dishes. The Portuguese have a culture of good food, and throughout the country there are myriads of good restaurants and typical small tasquinhas.

Q1: What are three examples of fast food dishes in Portugal?
A1: Francesinha (Frenchie) from Porto, and bifanas (grilled pork) or prego (grilled beef) sandwiches
Q2: Where does the Portuguese art of pastry have its origins?
A2: in the many medieval Catholic monasteries spread widely across the country
Q3: What are the main ingredients used to make pastries in the monasteries?
A3: almonds, flour, eggs and some liquor
Q4: What are two examples of Portuguese pastries?
A4: pastéis de Belém (or pastéis de nata) originally from Lisbon, and ovos moles from Aveiro
Myanmar (Geography and places)

Typical jungle animals, particularly tigers and leopards, occur sparsely in Myanmar. In upper Myanmar, there are rhinoceros, wild buffalo, wild boars, deer, antelope, and elephants, which are also tamed or bred in captivity for use as work animals, particularly in the lumber industry. Smaller mammals are also numerous, ranging from gibbons and monkeys to flying foxes and tapirs. The abundance of birds is notable with over 800 species, including parrots, peafowl, pheasants, crows, herons, and paddybirds. Among reptile species there are crocodiles, geckos, cobras, Burmese pythons, and turtles. Hundreds of species of freshwater fish are wide-ranging, plentiful and are very important food sources. For a list of protected areas, see List of protected areas of Myanmar.

Q1: What industry is supported by animal labor in Burma ?
A1: the lumber industry
Q2: What animals where domesticated in Burma for industry use ?
A2: elephants, which are also tamed or bred in captivity for use as work animals
Q3: What is note worthy about the bird population of Burma ?
A3: The abundance of birds is notable with over 800 species
Q4: What is an important protein source  in the Burmese diet?
A4: Hundreds of species of freshwater fish
Q5: Are large jungle cats part of the animal population of Burma ? 
A5: Typical jungle animals, particularly tigers and leopards, occur sparsely in Myanmar
Lighting (Engineering and technology)

Typical measurements of light have used a Dosimeter. Dosimeters measure an individual's or an object's exposure to something in the environment, such as light dosimeters and ultraviolet dosimeters.

Q1: What is typically used to measure light?
A1: light dosimeters
Czech_language (Language and literature)

Typical of Slavic languages, Czech marks its verbs for one of two grammatical aspects: perfective and imperfective. Most verbs are part of inflected aspect pairs—for example, koupit (perfective) and kupovat (imperfective). Although the verbs' meaning is similar, in perfective verbs the action is completed and in imperfective verbs it is ongoing. This is distinct from past and present tense, and any Czech verb of either aspect can be conjugated into any of its three tenses. Aspect describes the state of the action at the time specified by the tense.

Q1: What do Slavic languages tend to do to their verbs?
A1: marks
Q2: What two grammatical aspects can verbs in Czech have?
A2: perfective and imperfective
Q3: In perfective verbs, what state is the action the verb describes in?
A3: completed
Q4: In which verbs in Czech is the action the verb describes still ongoing?
A4: imperfective
Q5: What describes the state of the action of the verb at the time specified by its tense?
A5: Aspect
Political_corruption (Social sciences and society)

Typical second wave corruption metrics do not offer the worldwide coverage found in first wave projects, and instead focus on localizing information gathered to specific problems and creating deep, "unpackable"[clarification needed] content that matches quantitative and qualitative data.

Q1: The second wave of metrics focuses on what level of corruption?
A1: local
Q2: Unlike the first wave, the second wave does not offer what type of coverage?
A2: worldwide
Classical_music (Music)

Typical stringed instruments of the early period include the harp, lute, vielle, and psaltery, while wind instruments included the flute family (including recorder), shawm (an early member of the oboe family), trumpet, and the bagpipes. Simple pipe organs existed, but were largely confined to churches, although there were portable varieties. Later in the period, early versions of keyboard instruments like the clavichord and harpsichord began to appear. Stringed instruments such as the viol had emerged by the 16th century, as had a wider variety of brass and reed instruments. Printing enabled the standardization of descriptions and specifications of instruments, as well as instruction in their use.

Q1: The record is part of what wind family?
A1: the flute family
Q2: The sahwm was an early family member of what instrument?
A2: the oboe
Q3: Where were the first pipe organs confined to?
A3: churches
Q4: When had the viol emerged by?
A4: the 16th century
Q5: What enabled descriptions and specification of instruments?
A5: Printing
Videoconferencing (History)

Typical use of the various technologies described above include calling or conferencing on a one-on-one, one-to-many or many-to-many basis for personal, business, educational, deaf Video Relay Service and tele-medical, diagnostic and rehabilitative use or services. New services utilizing videocalling and videoconferencing, such as teachers and psychologists conducting online sessions, personal videocalls to inmates incarcerated in penitentiaries, and videoconferencing to resolve airline engineering issues at maintenance facilities, are being created or evolving on an ongoing basis.

Q1: What profession utilizes videoconferencing technology to conduct online sessions?
A1: teachers
Q2: What is one way that videocalling can be used?
A2: personal videocalls to inmates
Q3: What is a common use of conferencing technology?
A3: tele-medical
Antenna_(radio) (Engineering and technology)

Typically an antenna consists of an arrangement of metallic conductors (elements), electrically connected (often through a transmission line) to the receiver or transmitter. An oscillating current of electrons forced through the antenna by a transmitter will create an oscillating magnetic field around the antenna elements, while the charge of the electrons also creates an oscillating electric field along the elements. These time-varying fields radiate away from the antenna into space as a moving transverse electromagnetic field wave. Conversely, during reception, the oscillating electric and magnetic fields of an incoming radio wave exert force on the electrons in the antenna elements, causing them to move back and forth, creating oscillating currents in the antenna.

Q1: What is frequently used to connect elements to the receiver?
A1: transmission line
Q2: What particles are pushed through the antenna by a transmitter?
A2: electrons
Q3: During transmission does the electric field wave move closer to the antenna?
A3: radiate away
Q4: During what process would electrons be vacillating in the antenna?
A4: reception
Namibia (Social sciences and society)

Typically the sub-Tropical High Pressure Belt, with frequent clear skies, provides more than 300 days of sunshine per year. It is situated at the southern edge of the tropics; the Tropic of Capricorn cuts the country about in half. The winter (June – August) is generally dry, both rainy seasons occur in summer, the small rainy season between September and November, the big one between February and April. Humidity is low, and average rainfall varies from almost zero in the coastal desert to more than 600 mm in the Caprivi Strip. Rainfall is however highly variable, and droughts are common. The last[update] bad rainy season with rainfall far below the annual average occurred in summer 2006/07.

Q1: What is the typical amount of sunshine days in Tropical high pressure belt?
A1: 300 days
Q2: What feature cuts Namibia in half?
A2: the Tropic of Capricorn
Q3: What is the winter in Namibia like?
A3: dry
Q4: When is the rainiest season in Namibia?
A4: between February and April
Q5: What is humidity like in Namibia?
A5: low
Professional_wrestling (Sports and recreation)

Typically, matches are staged between a protagonist (historically an audience favorite, known as a babyface, or "the good guy") and an antagonist (historically a villain with arrogance, a tendency to break rules, or other unlikable qualities, called a heel). In recent years, however, antiheroes have also become prominent in professional wrestling. There is also a less common role of a "tweener", who is neither fully face nor fully heel yet able to play either role effectively (case in point, Samoa Joe during his first run in TNA from June 2005 to November 2006).

Q1: What are other names for a protagonist?
A1: babyface, or "the good guy"
Q2: What will an antagonist usually do?
A2: break rules
Q3: What is a wrestler whose persona is somewhere between the two norms called?
A3: tweener
Q4: Who is generally the audience favorite? 
A4: protagonist
Plymouth (History)

Typically, the warmest day of the year (1971–2000) will achieve a temperature of 26.6 °C (80 °F), although in June 1976 the temperature reached 31.6 °C (89 °F), the site record. On average, 4.25 days of the year will report a maximum temperature of 25.1 °C (77 °F) or above. During the winter half of the year, the coldest night will typically fall to −4.1 °C (25 °F) although in January 1979 the temperature fell to −8.8 °C (16 °F). Typically, 18.6 nights of the year will register an air frost.

Q1: In degrees Fahrenheit, what was the highest temperature achieved in Plymouth between 1971 and 2000?
A1: 89
Q2: In what month and year did Plymouth see its highest temperature between 1971 and 2000?
A2: June 1976
Q3: About how many days a year in Plymouth are over 77 °F?
A3: 4.25
Q4: In degrees Celsius, what was the coldest temperature recorded at Plymouth between 1971 and 2000?
A4: −8.8 °C
Q5: In what month and year did Plymouth see its lowest temperature between 1971 and 2000?
A5: January 1979
Letter_case (Language and literature)

Typographically, the basic difference between the majuscules and minuscules is not that the majuscules are big and minuscules small, but that the majuscules generally have the same height. The height of the minuscules varies, as some of them have parts higher or lower than the average, i.e. ascenders and descenders. In Times New Roman, for instance, b, d, f, h, k, l, t  are the letters with ascenders, and g, j, p, q, y are the ones with descenders. Further to this, with old-style numerals still used by some traditional or classical fonts—although most do have a set of alternative Lining Figures— 6 and 8 make up the ascender set, and 3, 4, 5, 7 and 9 the descender set.

Q1: Who do majuscules have which distinguish themselves from minuscules?
A1: generally have the same height
Q2: In Time New Roman the letter "b" would be consider which type of letter based on whether it is above or below average height?
A2: ascenders
Q3: Descending letters tend to have a part which falls where relative to the average height of a letter?
A3: lower than the average
Q4: Besides the number 6, which number makes of the ascender set in some traditional or classical fonts?
A4: 8
Estonian_language (Language and literature)

Typologically, Estonian represents a transitional form from an agglutinating language to a fusional language. The canonical word order is SVO (subject–verb–object).

Q1: What is the typological form of Estonian?
A1: transitional
Q2: What is Estonian typologically transitioning from?
A2: an agglutinating language
Q3: What sort of form is Estonian transitioning into?
A3: a fusional language
Q4: How are words ordered in Estonian canonically?
A4: subject–verb–object
Washington_University_in_St._Louis (Geography and places)

Tyson Research Center is a 2,000-acre (809 ha) field station located west of St. Louis on the Meramec River. Washington University obtained Tyson as surplus property from the federal government in 1963. It is used by the University as a biological field station and research/education center. In 2010 the Living Learning Center was named one of the first two buildings accredited nationwide as a "living building" under the Living Building Challenge, opened to serve as a biological research station and classroom for summer students.

Q1: Where is Tyson Research Center located?
A1: west of St. Louis on the Meramec River
Q2: When did Washington University acquire the property for Tyson Research Center?
A2: 1963
Q3: What is the function of Tyson Research Center?
A3: a biological field station and research/education center.
Q4: When was the Living Learning Center accredited as a "living building"?
A4: 2010
Q5: Who previously owned the property where Tyson Research Center is located?
A5: the federal government
War_on_Terror (History)

U.S. President Barack Obama has rarely used the term, but in his inaugural address on 20 January 2009, he stated "Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred." In March 2009 the Defense Department officially changed the name of operations from "Global War on Terror" to "Overseas Contingency Operation" (OCO). In March 2009, the Obama administration requested that Pentagon staff members avoid use of the term, instead using "Overseas Contingency Operation". Basic objectives of the Bush administration "war on terror", such as targeting al Qaeda and building international counterterrorism alliances, remain in place. In December 2012, Jeh Johnson, the General Counsel of the Department of Defense, stated that the military fight will be replaced by a law enforcement operation when speaking at Oxford University, predicting that al Qaeda will be so weakened to be ineffective, and has been "effectively destroyed", and thus the conflict will not be an armed conflict under international law. In May 2013, Obama stated that the goal is "to dismantle specific networks of violent extremists that threaten America"; which coincided with the U.S. Office of Management and Budget having changed the wording from "Overseas Contingency Operations" to "Countering Violent Extremism" in 2010.

Q1: What did Obama say the US is at war with, in 2009?
A1: a far-reaching network of violence and hatred
Q2: What was the "Global War on Terror" officially renamed to in March 2009?
A2: Overseas Contingency Operation
Q3: What term did Obama want the government to stop using?
A3: war on terror
Q4: Who said in 2012 that the fight would change from military to law enforcement?
A4: Jeh Johnson
Q5: What was the  "Overseas Contingency Operations" renamed to in 2010?
A5: Countering Violent Extremism