LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
USB (Engineering and technology)

Some non-standard USB devices use the 5 V power supply without participating in a proper USB network, which negotiates power draw with the host interface. These are usually called USB decorations.[citation needed] Examples include USB-powered keyboard lights, fans, mug coolers and heaters, battery chargers, miniature vacuum cleaners, and even miniature lava lamps. In most cases, these items contain no digital circuitry, and thus are not standard compliant USB devices. This may cause problems with some computers, such as drawing too much current and damaging circuitry. Prior to the Battery Charging Specification, the USB specification required that devices connect in a low-power mode (100 mA maximum) and communicate their current requirements to the host, which then permits the device to switch into high-power mode.

Q1: What do some non-standard USB devices use?
A1: the 5 V power supply without participating in a proper USB network
Q2: What Negotiates power draw with the host interface?
A2: the 5 V power supply
Q3: What does the USB specification require prior to the Battery Charging Specification?
A3: that devices connect in a low-power mode (100 mA maximum) and communicate their current requirements to the host
Dutch_language (Language and literature)

Some nouns have two different diminutives, each with a different meaning: bloem (flower) → bloempje (lit. "small flower"), but bloemetje (lit. also "small flower", meaning bouquet). A few nouns exist solely in a diminutive form, e.g. zeepaardje (seahorse), while many, e.g. meisje (girl), originally a diminutive of meid (maid), have acquired a meaning independent of their non-diminutive forms. A diminutive can sometimes be added to an uncountable noun to refer to a single portion: ijs (ice, ice cream) → ijsje (ice cream treat, cone of ice cream), bier (beer) → biertje. Some diminutive forms only exist in plural, e.g. kleertjes (clothing).

Q1: Which diminutive of "bloem" means a "bouquet"?
A1: bloemetje
Q2: What's the Dutch word for "seahorse" that has no non-diminutive form?
A2: zeepaardje
Q3: What Dutch word did their word for "girl" come from that has a totally different meaning?
A3: meid
Q4: What's the Dutch word for the items like shirts and pants that you wear that only exists in a plural form?
A4: kleertjes
Q5: Sometimes uncountable nouns in Dutch get a diminutive ending to make them refer to what, like an ice cream cone?
A5: a single portion
Antarctica (Natural sciences)

Some of Antarctica has been warming up; particularly strong warming has been noted on the Antarctic Peninsula. A study by Eric Steig published in 2009 noted for the first time that the continent-wide average surface temperature trend of Antarctica is slightly positive at >0.05 °C (0.09 °F) per decade from 1957 to 2006. This study also noted that West Antarctica has warmed by more than 0.1 °C (0.2 °F) per decade in the last 50 years, and this warming is strongest in winter and spring. This is partly offset by autumn cooling in East Antarctica. There is evidence from one study that Antarctica is warming as a result of human carbon dioxide emissions, but this remains ambiguous. The amount of surface warming in West Antarctica, while large, has not led to appreciable melting at the surface, and is not directly affecting the West Antarctic Ice Sheet's contribution to sea level. Instead the recent increases in glacier outflow are believed to be due to an inflow of warm water from the deep ocean, just off the continental shelf. The net contribution to sea level from the Antarctic Peninsula is more likely to be a direct result of the much greater atmospheric warming there.

Q1: Where in Antarctica has warming been noticed?
A1: Antarctic Peninsula
Q2: How much has west Antarctica warmed per decade in the last 5o years?
A2: 0.1 °C
Q3: What do some researchers believe to be that cause of this warming?
A3: carbon dioxide emissions
Q4: What is thought to be the cause of glacier outflow?
A4: inflow of warm water
Q5: What is the thinking of the cause  of the Antarctic Peninsula sea level.
A5: atmospheric warming
Melbourne (Geography and places)

Some of Australia's most prominent and well known schools are based in Melbourne. Of the top twenty high schools in Australia according to the Better Education ranking, six are located in Melbourne. There has also been a rapid increase in the number of International students studying in the city. Furthermore, Melbourne was ranked the world's fourth top university city in 2008 after London, Boston and Tokyo in a poll commissioned by the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology. Melbourne is the home of seven public universities: the University of Melbourne, Monash University, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Deakin University, La Trobe University, Swinburne University of Technology and Victoria University.

Q1: How many of the top twenty high school sin Australia are located in Mebourne according to the Better Education ranking?
A1: six
Q2: According to the Toyal Melbourne Institute of Technology, how did Melborne rank as a top university city in 2008?
A2: fourth
Q3: How many public universities are located in Melbourne?
A3: seven
Q4: Is the University of Melbourne a public or private institution?
A4: public
Q5: Has there been a recent increase or decrease in international students studying in Melbourne?
A5: rapid increase
Institute_of_technology (Engineering and technology)

Some of Canada's most esteemed colleges and polytechnic institutions also partake in collaborative institute-industry projects, leading to technology commercialization, made possible through the scope of Polytechnics Canada; a national alliance of eleven leading research-intensive colleges and institutes of technology.

Q1: What is Canada's national alliance of 11 research-focused schools called?
A1: Polytechnics Canada
Q2: What kind of projects does Polytechnics Canada sponsor that can lead to technology commercialization?
A2: collaborative institute-industry projects
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

Some of Chopin's well-known pieces have acquired descriptive titles, such as the Revolutionary Étude (Op. 10, No. 12), and the Minute Waltz (Op. 64, No. 1). However, with the exception of his Funeral March, the composer never named an instrumental work beyond genre and number, leaving all potential extramusical associations to the listener; the names by which many of his pieces are known were invented by others. There is no evidence to suggest that the Revolutionary Étude was written with the failed Polish uprising against Russia in mind; it merely appeared at that time. The Funeral March, the third movement of his Sonata No. 2 (Op. 35), the one case where he did give a title, was written before the rest of the sonata, but no specific event or death is known to have inspired it.

Q1: What is another title Op. 10, No. 12 has garnered? 
A1: the Revolutionary Étude
Q2: What is the only piece Chopin gave an actual title to?
A2: Funeral March
Q3: The Funeral March was written as part of what piece?
A3: Sonata No. 2
Q4: How many instrumental works did Chopin give a descriptive name to?
A4: one
Q5: What descriptive name was Op. 10, No. 12 given?
A5: Revolutionary Étude
Q6: What descriptive name was Op. 64, No. 1 given?
A6: Minute Waltz
Gramophone_record (Music)

Some of Elvis Presley's early singles on Sun Records might have sold more copies on 78 than on 45. This is because the majority of those sales in 1954–55 were to the "hillbilly" market in the South and Southwestern United States, where replacing the family 78 rpm player with a new 45 rpm player was a luxury few could afford at the time. By the end of 1957, RCA Victor announced that 78s accounted for less than 10% of Presley's singles sales, essentially announcing the death throes of the 78 rpm format. The last Presley single released on 78 in the United States was RCA Victor 20-7410, I Got Stung/One Night (1958), while the last 78 in the UK was RCA 1194, A Mess Of Blues/Girl Of My Best Friend (1960).

Q1: What percentage of Elvis Presley's single sales were of 78s?
A1: less than 10%
Q2: What was the last 78 released in the UK by RCA?
A2: A Mess Of Blues/Girl Of My Best Friend
Q3: Why did Elvis sales of 78s perform so well in the Southern States?
A3: 45 rpm player was a luxury few could afford at the time
Q4: On which label did Elvis release his early singles?
A4: Sun Records
Q5: What was the last Elvis Presley single released on 78?
A5: I Got Stung/One Night
Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution (History)

Some of Jackson's successors made no use of the veto power, while others used it intermittently. It was only after the Civil War that presidents began to use the power to truly counterbalance Congress. Andrew Johnson, a Democrat, vetoed several Reconstruction bills passed by the "Radical Republicans." Congress, however, managed to override fifteen of Johnson's twenty-nine vetoes. Furthermore, it attempted to curb the power of the presidency by passing the Tenure of Office Act. The Act required Senate approval for the dismissal of senior Cabinet officials. When Johnson deliberately violated the Act, which he felt was unconstitutional (Supreme Court decisions later vindicated such a position), the House of Representatives impeached him; he was acquitted in the Senate by one vote.

Q1: How many of Andrew Johnson's veto's were over turned by Congress
A1: fifteen
Q2: What act did congress pass that gave the senate the right to approve the dismissal of a cabinet official?
A2: Tenure of Office Act
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser (History)

Some of Nasser's liberal and Islamist critics in Egypt, including the founding members of the New Wafd Party and writer Jamal Badawi, dismissed Nasser's popular appeal with the Egyptian masses during his presidency as being the product of successful manipulation and demagoguery. Egyptian political scientist Alaa al-Din Desouki blamed the 1952 revolution's shortcomings on Nasser's concentration of power, and Egypt's lack of democracy on Nasser's political style and his government's limitations on freedom of expression and political participation.

Q1: What Egyptian party dismissed Nasser's popular appeal?
A1: New Wafd Party
Q2: Who blamed the 1952 revolution's failings on Nasser?
A2: Alaa al-Din Desouki
Q3: To what did critics attribute Nasser's popular appeal?
A3: successful manipulation and demagoguery
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

Some of his friends provided music at his request; among them, Potocka sang and Franchomme played the cello. Chopin requested that his body be opened after death (for fear of being buried alive) and his heart returned to Warsaw where it rests at the Church of the Holy Cross. He also bequeathed his unfinished notes on a piano tuition method, Projet de méthode, to Alkan for completion. On 17 October, after midnight, the physician leaned over him and asked whether he was suffering greatly. "No longer", he replied. He died a few minutes before two o'clock in the morning. Those present at the deathbed appear to have included his sister Ludwika, Princess Marcelina Czartoryska, Sand's daughter Solange, and his close friend Thomas Albrecht. Later that morning, Solange's husband Clésinger made Chopin's death mask and a cast of his left hand.

Q1: Why did Chopin request being cut open after his death?
A1: fear of being buried alive
Q2: What did Chopin reply to the doctor when asked is he was suffering?
A2: "No longer"
Q3: Who made Chopin's death mask?
A3: Clésinger
Q4: Why did Chopin want his body opened when he died?
A4: fear of being buried alive
Q5: What did Solange's husband make hours after Chopin's death along with his death mask?
A5: a cast of his left hand.
Aspirated_consonant (Language and literature)

Some of the Dravidian languages, such as Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada, have a distinction between voiced and voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated only in loanwords from Indo-Aryan languages. In native Dravidian words, there is no distinction between these categories and stops are underspecified for voicing and aspiration.

Q1: Telegu, Kannada and others are considered to be some of the what languages?
A1: Dravidian
Q2: What has no distinction between the categories  of voiced, voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated?
A2: native Dravidian words
Mosaic (Art and architecture)

Some of the best examples of later Islamic mosaics were produced in Moorish Spain. The golden mosaics in the mihrab and the central dome of the Great Mosque in Corduba have a decidedly Byzantine character. They were made between 965 and 970 by local craftsmen, supervised by a master mosaicist from Constantinople, who was sent by the Byzantine Emperor to the Umayyad Caliph of Spain. The decoration is composed of colorful floral arabesques and wide bands of Arab calligraphy. The mosaics were purported to evoke the glamour of the Great Mosque in Damascus, which was lost for the Umayyad family.

Q1: Where are some of the best examples of islamic mosaic work found?
A1: Moorish Spain
Q2: The mosaics in the Great Mosque in Corduba have what kind of style?
A2: Byzantine
Q3: When were the mosaics in the Great Mosque in Corduba created?
A3: between 965 and 970
Q4: Who created the mosaics in the Great Mosque in Corduba?
A4: local craftsmen
Q5: Who sent the master mosaicist to Spain?
A5: the Byzantine Emperor
Carnival (Philosophy and religion)

Some of the best-known traditions, including carnal parades and masquerade balls, were first recorded in medieval Italy. The carnival of Venice was, for a long time, the most famous carnival (although Napoleon abolished it in 1797 and only in 1979 was the tradition restored). From Italy, Carnival traditions spread to Spain, Portugal and France and from France to New France in North America. From Spain and Portugal it spread with colonization to the Caribbean and Latin America. In the early 19th century in the German Rhineland and Southern Netherlands, the weakened medieval tradition also revive. Continuously in the 18th and 19th centuries CE, as part of the annual Saturnalia abuse of the carnival in Rome, rabbis of the ghetto were forced to march through the city streets wearing foolish guise, jeered upon and pelted by a variety of missiles from the crowd. A petition of the Jewish community of Rome sent in 1836 to Pope Gregory XVI to stop the annual anti-semitic Saturnalia abuse got a negation: “It is not opportune to make any innovation.”

Q1: Where were some of the best-known traditions first recorded?
A1: Italy
Q2: What city's carnival was the most famous for a long time?
A2: Venice
Q3: What was the first place in North America with a Carnival tradition?
A3: New France
Q4: What were rabbis from the ghettos forced to march through the city streets wearing?
A4: foolish guise
Q5: Who dismissed the petition of the Jewish community to stop the abuse of them?
A5: Pope Gregory XVI
Boston (Geography and places)

Some of the cleaner energy facilities in Boston include the Allston green district, with three ecologically compatible housing facilities. Boston is also breaking ground on multiple green affordable housing facilities to help reduce the carbon footprint of the city while simultaneously making these initiatives financially available to a greater population. Boston's climate plan is updated every three years and was most recently modified in 2013. This legislature includes the Building Energy Reporting and Disclosure Ordinance, which requires the city's larger buildings to disclose their yearly energy and water use statistics and partake in an energy assessment every five years. These statistics are made public by the city, thereby increasing incentives for buildings to be more environmentally conscious.

Q1: Allston Green District is an example of what?
A1: cleaner energy facilities
Q2: How many green housing facilities does the Allston green District contain?
A2: three
Q3: How often is Boston's climate plan updated?
A3: every three years
Q4: When was the last time the climate plan was modified?
A4: in 2013
Somerset (Geography and places)

Some of the county's secondary schools have specialist school status. Some schools have sixth forms and others transfer their sixth formers to colleges. Several schools can trace their origins back many years, such as The Blue School in Wells and Richard Huish College in Taunton. Others have changed their names over the years such as Beechen Cliff School which was started in 1905 as the City of Bath Boys' School and changed to its present name in 1972 when the grammar school was amalgamated with a local secondary modern school, to form a comprehensive school. Many others were established and built since the Second World War. In 2006, 5,900 pupils in Somerset sat GCSE examinations, with 44.5% achieving 5 grades A-C including English and Maths (compared to 45.8% for England).

Q1: What schools can trace their origins back 
A1: Several schools can trace their origins back many years, such as The Blue School in Wells and Richard Huish College in Taunton
Q2: What was the original name of the Beechen Cliff School
A2: started in 1905 as the City of Bath Boys' School
Q3: In 2006 Somerset students performed how well compared to England as a whole 
A3: In 2006, 5,900 pupils in Somerset sat GCSE examinations, with 44.5% achieving 5 grades A-C including English and Maths (compared to 45.8% for England).
Neptune (Natural sciences)

Some of the earliest recorded observations ever made through a telescope, Galileo's drawings on 28 December 1612 and 27 January 1613, contain plotted points that match up with what is now known to be the position of Neptune. On both occasions, Galileo seems to have mistaken Neptune for a fixed star when it appeared close—in conjunction—to Jupiter in the night sky; hence, he is not credited with Neptune's discovery. At his first observation in December 1612, Neptune was almost stationary in the sky because it had just turned retrograde that day. This apparent backward motion is created when Earth's orbit takes it past an outer planet. Because Neptune was only beginning its yearly retrograde cycle, the motion of the planet was far too slight to be detected with Galileo's small telescope. In July 2009, University of Melbourne physicist David Jamieson announced new evidence suggesting that Galileo was at least aware that the 'star' he had observed had moved relative to the fixed stars.

Q1: Who drew Neptune after observing it with a telescope? 
A1: Galileo
Q2: What was Neptune mistaken for at first? 
A2: a fixed star
Q3: What happens when Neptune goes retrograde? 
A3: Earth's orbit takes it past an outer planet
Q4: What date was Neptune drawn first? 
A4: 28 December 1612
Q5: Who recently researched the original observation of Neptune? 
A5: David Jamieson
Plymouth (History)

Some of the greatest imports to Plymouth from the Americas and Europe during the latter half of the 19th century included maize, wheat, barley, sugar cane, guano, sodium nitrate and phosphate Aside from the dockyard in the town of Devonport, industries in Plymouth such as the gasworks, the railways and tramways and a number of small chemical works had begun to develop in the 19th century, continuing into the 20th century.

Q1: What animal byproduct was imported to Plymouth in the 19th century?
A1: guano
Q2: In what settlement were the dockyards located?
A2: Devonport
American_Idol (Music)

Some of the later writers about the show were more positive, Michael Slezak, again of Entertainment Weekly, thought that "for all its bloated, synthetic, product-shilling, money-making trappings, Idol provides a once-a-year chance for the average American to combat the evils of today's music business." Singer Sheryl Crow, who was later to act as a mentor on the show, however took the view that the show "undermines art in every way and promotes commercialism". Pop music critic Ann Powers nevertheless suggested that Idol has "reshaped the American songbook", "led us toward a new way of viewing ourselves in relationship to mainstream popular culture", and connects "the classic Hollywood dream to the multicentered popular culture of the future." Others focused on the personalities in the show; Ramin Setoodeh of Newsweek accused judge Simon Cowell's cruel critiques in the show of helping to establish in the wider world a culture of meanness, that "Simon Cowell has dragged the rest of us in the mud with him." Some such as singer John Mayer disparaged the contestants, suggesting that those who appeared on Idol are not real artists with self-respect.

Q1: What publication does Michael Slezak write for?
A1: Entertainment Weekly
Q2: Who was accused of being mean and cruel on American Idol? 
A2: Simon Cowell
Q3: What singer had bad things to say about contestants on American Idol? 
A3: John Mayer
Q4: What magazine does Ramin Wetoodeh write for? 
A4: Newsweek
Q5: Sheryl Crow felt the show undermined art and promoted what?
A5: commercialism
Q6: Who said that American Idol has reshaped the American songbook?
A6: Ann Powers
Q7: Who was accused of helping meanness thrive?
A7: Simon Cowell
Q8: Which singer said the contestants are not real artists with self respect?
A8: John Mayer
Nanjing (Geography and places)

Some of the leading art groups of China are based in Nanjing; they include the Qianxian Dance Company, Nanjing Dance Company, Jiangsu Peking Opera Institute and Nanjing Xiaohonghua Art Company among others.

Q1: Where do some of the country's most prominent art groups call home?
A1: Nanjing
Q2: Which opera company is based in Nanjing?
A2: Jiangsu Peking Opera Institute
Q3: What art company is based in Nanjing?
A3: Nanjing Xiaohonghua Art Company
Q4: Name two dance groups that are based in Nanjing:
A4: the Qianxian Dance Company, Nanjing Dance Company
Old_English (Language and literature)

Some of the most important surviving works of Old English literature are Beowulf, an epic poem; the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, a record of early English history; the Franks Casket, an inscribed early whalebone artefact; and Cædmon's Hymn, a Christian religious poem. There are also a number of extant prose works, such as sermons and saints' lives, biblical translations, and translated Latin works of the early Church Fathers, legal documents, such as laws and wills, and practical works on grammar, medicine, and geography. Still, poetry is considered the heart of Old English literature. Nearly all Anglo-Saxon authors are anonymous, with a few exceptions, such as Bede and Cædmon. Cædmon, the earliest English poet we know by name, served as a lay brother in the monastery at Whitby.

Q1: What is an important Old English historical record?
A1: the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
Q2: What is an important Old English religious poem?
A2: Cædmon's Hymn
Q3: What type of literary work is Beowulf?
A3: an epic poem
Q4: Who is the earliest English poet known by name?
A4: Cædmon
Q5: Where did Cædmon live?
A5: Whitby