LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Computer_security (Engineering and technology)

China's network security and information technology leadership team was established February 27, 2014. The leadership team is tasked with national security and long-term development and co-ordination of major issues related to network security and information technology. Economic, political, cultural, social and military fields as related to network security and information technology strategy, planning and major macroeconomic policy are being researched. The promotion of national network security and information technology law are constantly under study for enhanced national security capabilities.

Q1: When was Chine's network security and information technology leadership team established?
A1: February 27, 2014
Q2: What is the reason for studying the promotion of national network security ad information technology law?
A2: enhanced national security capabilities.
Q3: What country has a network security and information technology leadership team??
A3: China
Great_power (History)

China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States are often referred to as great powers by academics due to "their political and economic dominance of the global arena". These five nations are the only states to have permanent seats with veto power on the UN Security Council. They are also the only recognized "Nuclear Weapons States" under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, and maintain military expenditures which are among the largest in the world. However, there is no unanimous agreement among authorities as to the current status of these powers or what precisely defines a great power. For example, sources have at times referred to China, France, Russia and the United Kingdom as middle powers.

Q1: What countries are recognized as Nuclear Weapons States?
A1: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States
Q2: How many countries are permanent seats on the UN Security Council?
A2: five
Q3: What other countries are referred to as middle powers?
A3: China, France, Russia and the United Kingdom
Q4: What treaty addresses nuclear weapons?
A4: Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
Chinese_characters (Language and literature)

Chinese character dictionaries often allow users to locate entries in several ways. Many Chinese, Japanese, and Korean dictionaries of Chinese characters list characters in radical order: characters are grouped together by radical, and radicals containing fewer strokes come before radicals containing more strokes (radical-and-stroke sorting). Under each radical, characters are listed by their total number of strokes. It is often also possible to search for characters by sound, using pinyin (in Chinese dictionaries), zhuyin (in Taiwanese dictionaries), kana (in Japanese dictionaries) or hangul (in Korean dictionaries). Most dictionaries also allow searches by total number of strokes, and individual dictionaries often allow other search methods as well.

Q1: What often allow users to locate entries in several ways?
A1: Chinese character dictionaries
Q2: What lists Chinese characters in radical order?
A2: Korean dictionaries
Q3: What is grouped together by radicals?
A3: characters
Chinese_characters (Language and literature)

Chinese characters are logograms used in the writing of Chinese and some other Asian languages. In Standard Chinese they are called Hanzi (simplified Chinese: 汉字; traditional Chinese: 漢字). They have been adapted to write a number of other languages including: Japanese, where they are known as kanji, Korean, where they are known as hanja, and Vietnamese in a system known as chữ Nôm. Collectively, they are known as CJKV characters. In English, they are sometimes called Han characters. Chinese characters constitute the oldest continuously used system of writing in the world. By virtue of their widespread current use in East Asia, and historic use throughout the Sinosphere, Chinese characters are among the most widely adopted writing systems in the world.

Q1: What are logograms used in the writing of Chinese?
A1: Chinese characters
Q2: What are Chinese characters called in standard Chinese?
A2: Hanzi
Q3: What have been adapted to write in a number of other languages?
A3: Chinese characters
Chinese_characters (Language and literature)

Chinese characters are primarily morphosyllabic, meaning that most Chinese morphemes are monosyllabic and are written with a single character, though in modern Chinese most words are disyllabic and dimorphemic, consisting of two syllables, each of which is a morpheme. In modern Chinese 10% of morphemes only occur as part of a given compound. However, a few morphemes are disyllabic, some of them dating back to Classical Chinese. Excluding foreign loan words, these are typically words for plants and small animals. They are usually written with a pair of phono-semantic compound characters sharing a common radical. Examples are 蝴蝶 húdié "butterfly" and 珊瑚 shānhú "coral". Note that the 蝴 hú of húdié and the 瑚 hú of shānhú have the same phonetic, 胡, but different radicals ("insect" and "jade", respectively). Neither exists as an independent morpheme except as a poetic abbreviation of the disyllabic word.

Q1: What are primarily morphosyllabic?
A1: Chinese characters
Q2: What are written with a single character?
A2: Chinese morphemes
Q3: What have the same phonetic, but different radicals?
A3: 蝴 hú of húdié and the 瑚 hú of shānhú
Chinese_characters (Language and literature)

Chinese characters number in the tens of thousands, though most of them are minor graphic variants encountered only in historical texts. Studies in China have shown that functional literacy in written Chinese requires a knowledge of between three and four thousand characters. In Japan, 2,136 are taught through secondary school (the Jōyō kanji); hundreds more are in everyday use. There are various national standard lists of characters, forms, and pronunciations. Simplified forms of certain characters are used in China, Singapore, and Malaysia; the corresponding traditional characters are used in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, and to a limited extent in South Korea. In Japan, common characters are written in post-WWII Japan-specific simplified forms (shinjitai), which are closer to traditional forms than Chinese simplifications, while uncommon characters are written in Japanese traditional forms (kyūjitai), which are virtually identical to Chinese traditional forms. In South Korea, when Chinese characters are used they are of the traditional variant and are almost identical to those used in places like Taiwan and Hong Kong. Teaching of Chinese characters in South Korea starts in the 7th grade and continues until the 12th grade where 1,800 total characters are taught albeit these characters are only used in certain cases (on signs, academic papers, historical writings, etc.) and are slowly declining in use.

Q1: What number in the tens of thousands?
A1: Chinese characters
Q2: What requires a knowledge of three to four thousand characters?
A2: literacy in written Chinese
Q3: Which are identical to Chinese forms?
A3: kyūjitai
Chinese_characters (Language and literature)

Chinese characters represent words of the language using several strategies. A few characters, including some of the most commonly used, were originally pictograms, which depicted the objects denoted, or simple ideograms, in which meaning was expressed iconically. Some other words were expressed by compound ideograms, but the vast majority were written using the rebus principle, in which a character for a similarly sounding word was either simply borrowed or (more commonly) extended with a disambiguating semantic marker to form a phono-semantic compound character.

Q1: What represent words of the language using several strategies?
A1: Chinese characters
Q2: What are some words expressed in?
A2: compound ideograms
Q3: What were most words written in?
A3: rebus principle
Qing_dynasty (History)

Chinese generals and officials such as Zuo Zongtang led the suppression of rebellions and stood behind the Manchus. When the Tongzhi Emperor came to the throne at the age of five in 1861, these officials rallied around him in what was called the Tongzhi Restoration. Their aim was to adopt western military technology in order to preserve Confucian values. Zeng Guofan, in alliance with Prince Gong, sponsored the rise of younger officials such as Li Hongzhang, who put the dynasty back on its feet financially and instituted the Self-Strengthening Movement. The reformers then proceeded with institutional reforms, including China's first unified ministry of foreign affairs, the Zongli Yamen; allowing foreign diplomats to reside in the capital; establishment of the Imperial Maritime Customs Service; the formation of modernized armies, such as the Beiyang Army, as well as a navy; and the purchase from Europeans of armament factories. 

Q1: Who put down the rebellions?
A1: Zuo Zongtang
Q2: How old was Tongzhi when he came to power?
A2: five
Q3: What year did Tongzhi take power?
A3: 1861
Q4: What would the Chinese use to continue Confucian values?
A4: western military technology
Q5: What was the name of a modern Chinese Army?
A5: Beiyang Army
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay (Sports and recreation)

Chinese media have also reported on Jin Jing, whom the official Chinese torch relay website described as "heroic" and an "angel", whereas Western media initially gave her little mention – despite a Chinese claim that "Chinese Paralympic athlete Jin Jing has garnered much attention from the media".

Q1: Which athlete did the official website call an angel?
A1: Jin Jing
Q2: Which media outlets gave Jin Jing little notice?
A2: Western media
Multiracial_American (History)

Chinese men entered the United States as laborers, primarily on the West Coast and in western territories. Following the Reconstruction era, as blacks set up independent farms, white planters imported Chinese laborers to satisfy their need for labor. In 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed, and Chinese workers who chose to stay in the U.S. were unable to have their wives join them. In the South, some Chinese married into the black and mulatto communities, as generally discrimination meant they did not take white spouses. They rapidly left working as laborers, and set up groceries in small towns throughout the South. They worked to get their children educated and socially mobile.

Q1: Where did most Chinese men enter the US?
A1: primarily on the West Coast and in western territories
Q2: Who imported Chinese laborers?
A2: white planters
Q3: What cause wives to be unable to move to the US with their Chinese husbands after 1882?
A3: the Chinese Exclusion Act
Q4: What did racial bias generally mean for Chinese people?
A4: they did not take white spouses
Q5: What did Chinese laborers do after they left that line of work?
A5: set up groceries in small towns throughout the South
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay (Sports and recreation)

Chinese officials canceled the torch relay ceremony amidst disruptions, including a Tibetan flag flown from a window in the City Hall by Green Party officials. The third torchbearer in the Paris leg, Jin Jing, who was disabled and carried the torch on a wheelchair, was assaulted several times by unidentified protestors seemingly from the pro-Tibet independent camp. In interviews, Jin Jing said that she was "tugged at, scratched" and "kicked", but that she "did not feel the pain at the time." She received praise from ethnic Chinese worldwide as "Angel in Wheelchair". The Chinese government gave the comment that "the Chinese respect France a lot" but "Paris [has slapped] its own face."

Q1: Who threw a a Tibetan flag from a City Hall window?
A1: Green Party officials.
Q2: Which torchbearer was in a wheelchair?
A2: Jin Jing
Q3: What was Jin Jing called by ethnic Chinese?
A3: Angel in Wheelchair
Q4: What was stopped due to protest interruptions?
A4: torch relay ceremony
Q5: What is the name of the handicapped bearer of the torch?
A5: Jin Jing
Q6: What did the ethnic Chinese call the disabled torch bearer?
A6: Angel in Wheelchair
Q7: Who put a flag of Tibet out of the window at City Hall?
A7: Green Party officials.
Political_philosophy (History)

Chinese political philosophy dates back to the Spring and Autumn Period, specifically with Confucius in the 6th century BC. Chinese political philosophy was developed as a response to the social and political breakdown of the country characteristic of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States period. The major philosophies during the period, Confucianism, Legalism, Mohism, Agrarianism and Taoism, each had a political aspect to their philosophical schools. Philosophers such as Confucius, Mencius, and Mozi, focused on political unity and political stability as the basis of their political philosophies. Confucianism advocated a hierarchical, meritocratic government based on empathy, loyalty, and interpersonal relationships. Legalism advocated a highly authoritarian government based on draconian punishments and laws. Mohism advocated a communal, decentralized government centered on frugality and ascetism. The Agrarians advocated a peasant utopian communalism and egalitarianism. Taoism advocated a proto-anarchism. Legalism was the dominant political philosophy of the Qin Dynasty, but was replaced by State Confucianism in the Han Dynasty. Prior to China's adoption of communism, State Confucianism remained the dominant political philosophy of China up to the 20th century.

Q1: What specifically dates back with Confucius in the 6th century BC?
A1: Chinese political philosophy
Q2: Chinese political philosophy dates back to what century?
A2: 6th century BC
Q3: Chinese political philosophy was developed as a response to what?
A3: the social and political breakdown of the country
Q4: What advocated a communal, decentralized government centered on frugality and ascetism?
A4: Mohism
Korean_War (Warfare)

Chinese troops suffered from deficient military equipment, serious logistical problems, overextended communication and supply lines, and the constant threat of UN bombers. All of these factors generally led to a rate of Chinese casualties that was far greater than the casualties suffered by UN troops. The situation became so serious that, on November 1951, Zhou Enlai called a conference in Shenyang to discuss the PVA's logistical problems. At the meeting it was decided to accelerate the construction of railways and airfields in the area, to increase the number of trucks available to the army, and to improve air defense by any means possible. These commitments did little to directly address the problems confronting PVA troops.

Q1: Did the UN troops or Chinese troops experience more war casualties?
A1: Chinese troops
Q2: What did Zhou Enlai do as a result of the significant amount of Chinese casualties?
A2: called a conference in Shenyang
Q3: What was the purpose of the Shengyang meeting?
A3: discuss the PVA's logistical problems
Q4: Did the actions of the Chinese fix their problems?
A4: These commitments did little to directly address the problems
House_music (Music)

Chip E.'s 1985 recording "It's House" may also have helped to define this new form of electronic music. However, Chip E. himself lends credence to the Knuckles association, claiming the name came from methods of labeling records at the Importes Etc. record store, where he worked in the early 1980s: bins of music that DJ Knuckles played at the Warehouse nightclub were labelled in the store "As Heard At The Warehouse", which was shortened to simply "House". Patrons later asked for new music for the bins, which Chip E. implies was a demand the shop tried to meet by stocking newer local club hits.

Q1: what is the name of Chip E's 1985 house hit?
A1: "It's House"
Q2: when was Chip E's hit "It's House" released?
A2: 1985
Q3: the term 'house music' came from the labeling of records at what store?
A3: Importes Etc
Middle_Ages (History)

Chivalry and the ethos of courtly love developed in royal and noble courts. This culture was expressed in the vernacular languages rather than Latin, and comprised poems, stories, legends, and popular songs spread by troubadours, or wandering minstrels. Often the stories were written down in the chansons de geste, or "songs of great deeds", such as The Song of Roland or The Song of Hildebrand. Secular and religious histories were also produced. Geoffrey of Monmouth (d. c. 1155) composed his Historia Regum Britanniae, a collection of stories and legends about Arthur. Other works were more clearly history, such as Otto von Freising's (d. 1158) Gesta Friderici Imperatoris detailing the deeds of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, or William of Malmesbury's (d. c. 1143) Gesta Regum on the kings of England.

Q1: What does chansons de geste mean in English?
A1: songs of great deeds
Q2: Along with The Song of Ronald, what is a notable chanson de geste?
A2: The Song of Hildebrand
Q3: Who wrote Historia Regum Britanniae?
A3: Geoffrey of Monmouth
Q4: What legendary figure was featured in the Historia Regum Britanniae?
A4: Arthur
Q5: Who was the subject of Gesta Friderici Imperatoris?
A5: Emperor Frederick Barbarossa
New_York_City (Geography and places)

Chocolate is New York City's leading specialty-food export, with up to US$234 million worth of exports each year. Entrepreneurs were forming a "Chocolate District" in Brooklyn as of 2014, while Godiva, one of the world's largest chocolatiers, continues to be headquartered in Manhattan.

Q1: What dollar amount of chocolate does New York export annually?
A1: US$234 million
Q2: Where is the "Chocolate District" located?
A2: Brooklyn
Q3: In what borough is Godiva based?
A3: Manhattan
Q4: What is the number one specialty food export of New York?
A4: Chocolate
Q5: What type of food is NYC's leading food export?
A5: Chocolate
Q6: Which one of the world's largest chocolate makers is stationed in Manhattan?
A6: Godiva
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

Chopin also endowed popular dance forms with a greater range of melody and expression. Chopin's mazurkas, while originating in the traditional Polish dance (the mazurek), differed from the traditional variety in that they were written for the concert hall rather than the dance hall; "it was Chopin who put the mazurka on the European musical map." The series of seven polonaises published in his lifetime (another nine were published posthumously), beginning with the Op. 26 pair (published 1836), set a new standard for music in the form. His waltzes were also written specifically for the salon recital rather than the ballroom and are frequently at rather faster tempos than their dance-floor equivalents.

Q1: How many polonaises were published while Chopin lived?
A1: seven
Q2: How many polonaises were published after Chopin died?
A2: nine
Q3: Chopin was credited for making what more internationally known?
A3: mazurkas
Q4: What is different about Chopin's waltzes versus a ballroom waltz?
A4: faster tempos
Q5: What did Chopin add to the modern dance of his era?
A5: greater range of melody and expression.
Q6: Chopin's Polish dance music was developed for what type of hall?
A6: concert hall
Q7: What was Chopin responsible for making popular with Euorpeans?
A7: the mazurka
Q8: How many Chopin polonaises were published after his death?
A8: nine
Q9: What dance music of Chopin was written more for recitals than ballrooms?
A9: waltzes
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

Chopin arrived in Paris in late September 1831; he would never return to Poland, thus becoming one of many expatriates of the Polish Great Emigration. In France he used the French versions of his given names, and after receiving French citizenship in 1835, he travelled on a French passport. However, Chopin remained close to his fellow Poles in exile as friends and confidants and he never felt fully comfortable speaking French. Chopin's biographer Adam Zamoyski writes that he never considered himself to be French, despite his father's French origins, and always saw himself as a Pole.

Q1: What event was Frédéric a part of when he arrived in Paris during the later part of September in 1831?
A1: the Polish Great Emigration
Q2: What version of Frédéric's birth name did he begin using after arriving in France?
A2: French
Q3: In what year did Frédéric officially acquire French citizenship?
A3: 1835
Q4: What were the two kinds of relationships stated as Frédéric having with his fellow Poland natives in exile?
A4: friends and confidants
Q5: What nationality is stated as the one Frédéric felt most identified by?
A5: Polish
Q6: When did Chopin reach Paris?
A6: September 1831
Q7: By not going back to Poland Chopin became part of what?
A7: Polish Great Emigration
Q8: In what year did Chopin become a French citizen?
A8: 1835
Q9: What is the name of Chopin's biographer?
A9: Adam Zamoyski
Q10: After 1831, what country did Chopin never return to?
A10: Poland
Q11: What country's passport did he have from 1835?
A11: France
Q12: What language was Chopin never completely at ease speaking?
A12: French
Q13: What biographer of Chopin wrote that Chopin never considered himself French?
A13: Adam Zamoyski
Q14: Due to the numbers of expatriates of Poland after the uprising, what did it become to be known as?
A14: Polish Great Emigration
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

Chopin has figured extensively in Polish literature, both in serious critical studies of his life and music and in fictional treatments. The earliest manifestation was probably an 1830 sonnet on Chopin by Leon Ulrich. French writers on Chopin (apart from Sand) have included Marcel Proust and André Gide; and he has also featured in works of Gottfried Benn and Boris Pasternak. There are numerous biographies of Chopin in English (see bibliography for some of these).

Q1: An 1830 sonnet was written about Chopin by what man?
A1: Leon Ulrich
Q2: Aside from George Sands what two French authors have written about Chopin?
A2: Marcel Proust and André Gide
Q3: Leon Ulrich wrote about Chopin in what format?
A3: sonnet
Q4: What is the earliest sighting of Chopin in Polish Literature?
A4: sonnet on Chopin by Leon Ulrich
Q5: When did Ulrich do his sonnet on Chopin?
A5: 1830
Q6: In addition to Polish and French, what other language has numerous biogrpahies of Chopin?
A6: English
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

Chopin made his last public appearance on a concert platform at London's Guildhall on 16 November 1848, when, in a final patriotic gesture, he played for the benefit of Polish refugees. By this time he was very seriously ill, weighing under 99 pounds (i.e. less than 45 kg), and his doctors were aware that his sickness was at a terminal stage.

Q1: When did Chopin last appear in public?
A1: 16 November 1848
Q2: Where was Chopin's last public performance?
A2: Guildhall
Q3: Who were the beneficiaries of his last public concert?
A3: Polish refugees.
Q4: What was the diagnosis of Chopin's health condition at this time?
A4: terminal
Q5: Where was Chopin's last public performance?
A5: London's Guildhall