LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Pharmaceutical_industry (Natural sciences)

Others have argued that excessive regulation suppresses therapeutic innovation, and that the current cost of regulator-required clinical trials prevents the full exploitation of new genetic and biological knowledge for the treatment of human disease. A 2012 report by the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology made several key recommendations to reduce regulatory burdens to new drug development, including 1) expanding the FDA's use of accelerated approval processes, 2) creating an expedited approval pathway for drugs intended for use in narrowly defined populations, and 3) undertaking pilot projects designed to evaluate the feasibility of a new, adaptive drug approval process.

Q1: Who put out a report in 2012?
A1: President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology
Q2: What has been argued restricted innovation?
A2: excessive regulation
Q3: What was a recommendations brought about from the report?
A3: expanding the FDA's use of accelerated approval processes
Q4: What is one thing excessive regulations causes?
A4: therapeutic innovation
Q5: What can be used to evaluate new approval processes?
A5: pilot projects
Q6: What is excessive drug regulation said to suppress?
A6: therapeutic innovation
Q7: In what year was a report made to reduce the burdens of drug development?
A7: 2012
Q8: What was argued to be holding back new knowledge for treating diseases?
A8: current cost of regulator-required clinical trials
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 (History)

Others have pointed out that there were not enough of these loans made to cause a crisis of this magnitude. In an article in Portfolio Magazine, Michael Lewis spoke with one trader who noted that "There weren’t enough Americans with [bad] credit taking out [bad loans] to satisfy investors' appetite for the end product." Essentially, investment banks and hedge funds used financial innovation to enable large wagers to be made, far beyond the actual value of the underlying mortgage loans, using derivatives called credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs.

Q1: What financial innovation enabled investment banks and hedge funds to make large wagers?
A1: credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs.
Q2: Credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and CDOS are all types of what?
A2: derivatives
Q3: Which magazine had an article where Michael Lewis spoke with a trader about bad loans?
A3: Portfolio Magazine
Q4: What financial innovation allows investment banks and hedge banks to make large wagers?
A4: derivatives
Q5: What are some names of derivatives?
A5: credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs
Immaculate_Conception (Philosophy and religion)

Others have rejected that the doctrine of Immaculate Conception exists in Islam, the Quranic account does not confirm the Immaculate Conception exclusively for Mary as in Islam every human child is born pure and immaculate, her sinless birth is thus independent of the Christian docrtrine of original sin as no such doctrine exists in Islam. Moreover, Hannah's prayer in the Quran for her child to remain protected from Satan (Shayṭān) was said after it had already been born, not before and expresses a natural concern any righteous parent would have. The Muslim tradition or hadith, which states that the only children born without the "touch of Satan," were Mary and Jesus. should therefore not be taken in isolation from the Quran, and is to be interpreted within the specific context of exonerating Mary and her child from the charges that were made against them and is not a general statement. The specific mention of Mary and Jesus in this hadith may also be taken to represent a class of people, in keeping with the Arabic language and the Quranic verse [O Satan] surely thou shalt have no power over My servants, except such of the erring ones as choose to follow thee (15:42)

Q1: Does everyone agree on the credit that should be given for the story of Mary's inception ?
A1: Others have rejected that the doctrine of Immaculate Conception exists in Islam
Q2: What does the book of Muslim faith state in regards to how every person is born ?
A2: in Islam every human child is born pure and immaculate
Q3: Does this view contradict the belief that Mary was also born to a virgin mother ?
A3: her sinless birth is thus independent of the Christian docrtrine of original sin as no such doctrine exists in Islam
Q4: What view did the Qua-ran take on the sinful ways in which Mary could have been conceived ?
A4: Muslim tradition or hadith, which states that the only children born without the "touch of Satan," were Mary and Jesus.
Q5: What is the name of the prayer that is listed in the Qua-ran  is used to enact a safeguard on kids from the  the devil ?
A5: Hannah's prayer in the Quran for her child to remain protected from Satan
Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States (Philosophy and religion)

Others, such as Rep. Roger Sherman of Connecticut, believed the clause was unnecessary because the original Constitution only gave Congress stated powers, which did not include establishing a national religion. Anti-Federalists such as Rep. Thomas Tucker of South Carolina moved to strike the establishment clause completely because it could preempt the religious clauses in the state constitutions. However, the Anti-Federalists were unsuccessful in persuading the House of Representatives to drop the clause from the first amendment.

Q1: Where was Representative Roger Sherman from?
A1: Connecticut
Q2: Why did Sherman believe the establishment clause was unnecessary? 
A2: Constitution only gave Congress stated powers
Q3: What power was not granted to Congress by the Constitution?
A3: establishing a national religion
Q4: Where was Representative Thomas Tucker from?
A4: South Carolina
Q5: What was Tucker concerned the establishment clause could preempt?
A5: religious clauses in the state constitutions
Ottoman_Empire (History)

Ottoman Divan poetry was a highly ritualized and symbolic art form. From the Persian poetry that largely inspired it, it inherited a wealth of symbols whose meanings and interrelationships—both of similitude (مراعات نظير mura'ât-i nazîr / تناسب tenâsüb) and opposition (تضاد tezâd) were more or less prescribed. Divan poetry was composed through the constant juxtaposition of many such images within a strict metrical framework, thus allowing numerous potential meanings to emerge. The vast majority of Divan poetry was lyric in nature: either gazels (which make up the greatest part of the repertoire of the tradition), or kasîdes. There were, however, other common genres, most particularly the mesnevî, a kind of verse romance and thus a variety of narrative poetry; the two most notable examples of this form are the Leyli and Majnun of Fuzûlî and the Hüsn ü Aşk of Şeyh Gâlib.

Q1: What type of Ottoman poetry is ritualized?
A1: Divan poetry
Q2: What kind of poetry inspired Ottoman Divan Poetry?
A2: Persian poetry
Q3: What type of framework was Divan poetry based on?
A3: a strict metrical framework
Q4: What was the romance genre of Divan poetry known as?
A4: mesnevî
Q5: What make up the largest portion of Divan poetry?
A5: gazels (which make up the greatest part of the repertoire of the tradition), or kasîdes.
Heresy (Philosophy and religion)

Ottoman Sultan Selim the Grim, regarded the Shia Qizilbash as heretics, reportedly proclaimed that "the killing of one Shiite had as much otherworldly reward as killing 70 Christians."

Q1: What group did Sultan Selim the Grim label as heretics?
A1: Shia Qizilbash
Q2: What number of Christians did Selim the Grim equate to the killing of one Shiite?
A2: 70
Ottoman_Empire (History)

Ottoman Turkish was the official language of the Empire. It was an Oghuz Turkic language highly influenced by Persian and Arabic. The Ottomans had several influential languages: Turkish, spoken by the majority of the people in Anatolia and by the majority of Muslims of the Balkans except in Albania and Bosnia; Persian, only spoken by the educated; Arabic, spoken mainly in Arabia, North Africa, Iraq, Kuwait, the Levant and parts of the Horn of Africa; and Somali throughout the Horn of Africa. In the last two centuries, usage of these became limited, though, and specific: Persian served mainly as a literary language for the educated, while Arabic was used for religious rites.

Q1: What was the official language of the Ottoman Empire?
A1: Ottoman Turkish
Q2: What were the main influences of the official language of the Empire?
A2: Persian and Arabic
Q3: What language was spoken by most people in Anatolia?
A3: Turkish
Q4: Which languages influenced by the empire was spoken in Iraq?
A4: Arabic
Q5: What language was used for religious uses in the Empire?
A5: Arabic
Ottoman_Empire (History)

Ottoman classical music was an important part of the education of the Ottoman elite, a number of the Ottoman sultans were accomplished musicians and composers themselves, such as Selim III, whose compositions are often still performed today. Ottoman classical music arose largely from a confluence of Byzantine music, Armenian music, Arabic music, and Persian music. Compositionally, it is organised around rhythmic units called usul, which are somewhat similar to meter in Western music, and melodic units called makam, which bear some resemblance to Western musical modes.

Q1: The elites of the Ottoman empire found what type of music important?
A1: Ottoman classical music
Q2: Many of the Sultans of the Ottoman empire were accomplished at being what?
A2: musicians and composers
Q3: The sultan known by what name has compositions which are still performed today?
A3: Selim III
Q4: What rhythmic units does Ottoman classical music use?
A4: units called usul
Q5: What are the melodic units used by Ottoman classical music?
A5: makam
Ottoman_Empire (History)

Ottoman cuisine refers to the cuisine of the capital, Istanbul, and the regional capital cities, where the melting pot of cultures created a common cuisine that most of the population regardless of ethnicity shared. This diverse cuisine was honed in the Imperial Palace's kitchens by chefs brought from certain parts of the Empire to create and experiment with different ingredients. The creations of the Ottoman Palace's kitchens filtered to the population, for instance through Ramadan events, and through the cooking at the Yalıs of the Pashas, and from there on spread to the rest of the population.

Q1: The cuisine known as Ottoman cuisine is in reference to the food eaten where?
A1: the capital, Istanbul, and the regional capital cities
Q2: In what kitchen's was Ottoman cuisine perfected?
A2: the Imperial Palace's kitchens
Q3: What is one type of religious event that the general public may come to experience the creations of the Imperial Palace?
A3: Ramadan
Q4: Preparing food at the Yalıs of the Pashas was one way Ottoman Cuisine might spread to whom?
A4: the population
Q5: What did the chefs ingredients in the Imperial Palace's kitchens?
A5: create and experiment
Ottoman_Empire (History)

Ottoman government deliberately pursued a policy for the development of Bursa, Edirne, and Istanbul, successive Ottoman capitals, into major commercial and industrial centres, considering that merchants and artisans were indispensable in creating a new metropolis. To this end, Mehmed and his successor Bayezid, also encouraged and welcomed migration of the Jews from different parts of Europe, who were settled in Istanbul and other port cities like Salonica. In many places in Europe, Jews were suffering persecution at the hands of their Christian counterparts, such as in Spain after the conclusion of Reconquista. The tolerance displayed by the Turks was welcomed by the immigrants.

Q1: The goal of developing Bursa and Istanbul was an intentional act to create what?
A1: commercial and industrial centres
Q2: Who was Mehmed's successor?
A2: Bayezid
Q3: Who did Mehmed and Bayezid encourage to come to Istanbul?
A3: the Jews from different parts of Europe
Q4: What group were Jews being persecuted by in Europe?
A4: their Christian counterparts
Q5: Persecution of Jews in Spain occurred after what event concluded?
A5: the conclusion of Reconquista
Ottoman_Empire (History)

Ottoman illumination covers non-figurative painted or drawn decorative art in books or on sheets in muraqqa or albums, as opposed to the figurative images of the Ottoman miniature. It was a part of the Ottoman Book Arts together with the Ottoman miniature (taswir), calligraphy (hat), Islamic calligraphy, bookbinding (cilt) and paper marbling (ebru). In the Ottoman Empire, illuminated and illustrated manuscripts were commissioned by the Sultan or the administrators of the court. In Topkapi Palace, these manuscripts were created by the artists working in Nakkashane, the atelier of the miniature and illumination artists. Both religious and non-religious books could be illuminated. Also sheets for albums levha consisted of illuminated calligraphy (hat) of tughra, religious texts, verses from poems or proverbs, and purely decorative drawings.

Q1: Were would one find the sheets where Ottoman's created illuminated decorations?
A1: muraqqa
Q2: What is another name for an Ottoman miniature?
A2: taswir
Q3: Ottoman calligraphy can also be referred to as what?
A3: hat
Q4: Who commissioned illustrated manuscripts in the Ottoman empire?
A4: the Sultan or the administrators of the court
Q5: What palace was the place of creation for illustrated manuscripts?
A5: Topkapi Palace
Child_labour (Social sciences and society)

Out of former Soviet Union republics Uzbekistan continued and expanded the program of child labour on industrial scale to increase profits on the main source of Islam Karimov's income, cotton harvesting. In September, when school normally starts, the classes are suspended and children are sent to cotton fields for work, where they are assigned daily quotas of 20 to 60 kg of raw cotton they have to collect. This process is repeated in spring, when collected cotton needs to be hoed and weeded. In 2006 it is estimated that 2.7 million children were forced to work this way.

Q1: What former Soviet Union continued child labour programs?
A1: Uzbekistan
Q2: What was the main source of income for Islam Karimov?
A2: cotton harvesting
Q3: Did they have daily quotas for cotton?
A3: daily quotas of 20 to 60 kg of raw cotton
Q4: What are the 2016 estimates for child labour in regards to cotton picking?
A4: 2.7 million
Plymouth (History)

Outdoor events and festivals are held including the annual British Firework Championships in August, which attracts tens of thousands of people across the waterfront. In August 2006 the world record for the most amount of simultaneous fireworks was surpassed, by Roy Lowry of the University of Plymouth, over Plymouth Sound. Since 1992 the Music of the Night has been performed in the Royal Citadel by the 29 Commando Regiment and local performers to raise money for local and military charities.

Q1: What notable event occurs each August?
A1: British Firework Championships
Q2: In what month and year was the world record for simultaneous fireworks broken?
A2: August 2006
Q3: Who broke the world record for simultaneous fireworks?
A3: Roy Lowry
Q4: What institution did Roy Lowry work for?
A4: University of Plymouth
Q5: In what year did the Music of the Night begin?
A5: 1992
Dutch_language (Language and literature)

Outside of the Low Countries, it is the native language of the majority of the population of Suriname, and also holds official status in the Caribbean island nations of Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten. Historical minorities on the verge of extinction remain in parts of France and Germany, and in Indonesia,[n 1] while up to half a million native speakers may reside in the United States, Canada and Australia combined.[n 2] The Cape Dutch dialects of Southern Africa have evolved into Afrikaans, a mutually intelligible daughter language[n 3] which is spoken to some degree by at least 16 million people, mainly in South Africa and Namibia.[n 4]

Q1: In what place with the word "name" in it do most people speak Dutch?
A1: Suriname
Q2: Islands in the Caribbean that include Dutch as an official language include Curaçao, Sint Maarten, and what other place?
A2: Aruba
Q3: It's been estimated that up to what number of native Dutch speakers live in Australia, the U.S., and Canada?
A3: half a million
Q4: In Southern Africa, Dutch has developed over many years into what daughter language?
A4: Afrikaans
Q5: What the low estimate for the number of people who speak Afrikaans?
A5: 16 million
Dutch_language (Language and literature)

Outside of the Netherlands and Belgium, the dialect around the German town of Kleve (South Guelderish) both historically and genetically belongs to the Dutch language. In Northeastern France, the area around Calais was historically Dutch-speaking (West Flemish) of which an estimated 20,000 daily speakers. The cities of Dunkirk, Gravelines and Bourbourg only became predominantly French-speaking by the end of the 19th century. In the countryside, until World War I, many elementary schools continued to teach in Dutch, and the Catholic Church continued to preach and teach the catechism in Flemish in many parishes.

Q1: What town in Germany has always had mostly Dutch speakers?
A1: Kleve
Q2: About how many people around Calais, France speak Dutch every day?
A2: 20,000
Q3: It took until the end of what century for people in French cities like Gravelines to finally switch over to French from Dutch?
A3: 19th
Q4: Which church often preached in Flemish prior to World War I?
A4: the Catholic Church
Q5: In what area of France is Calais located?
A5: Northeastern France
Comics (Language and literature)

Outside of these genealogies, comics theorists and historians have seen precedents for comics in the Lascaux cave paintings in France (some of which appear to be chronological sequences of images), Egyptian hieroglyphs, Trajan's Column in Rome, the 11th-century Norman Bayeux Tapestry, the 1370 bois Protat woodcut, the 15th-century Ars moriendi and block books, Michelangelo's The Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel, and William Hogarth's 17th-century sequential engravings, amongst others.[b]

Q1: In France, what did historians find that they consider a precedent for comics?
A1: Lascaux cave paintings
Q2: What Michelangelo work do historians consider to be a precedent for comics?
A2: The Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel
Q3: In Egypt, historians consider what to be a precedent for comics?
A3: hieroglyphs
Q4: In Rome, what do historians consider to be a precedent for comics?
A4: Trajan's Column
Clothing (Natural sciences)

Outsourcing production to low wage countries like Bangladesh, China, India and Sri Lanka became possible when the Multi Fibre Agreement (MFA) was abolished. The MFA, which placed quotas on textiles imports, was deemed a protectionist measure.[citation needed] Globalization is often quoted as the single most contributing factor to the poor working conditions of garment workers. Although many countries recognize treaties like the International Labor Organization, which attempt to set standards for worker safety and rights, many countries have made exceptions to certain parts of the treaties or failed to thoroughly enforce them. India for example has not ratified sections 87 and 92 of the treaty.[citation needed]

Q1: The abolishing of the MFA made what possible?
A1: Outsourcing production to low wage countries
Q2: What did the MFA put quotas on?
A2: textiles imports
Q3: What is often identified as the reason for less than ideal working conditions for garment workers?
A3: Globalization
Q4: What treaty tries to set standards for worker safety and rights?
A4: the International Labor Organization
Q5: What country has failed to ratify sections 87 and 92 of the ILO?
A5: India
East_India_Company (History)

Outstanding debts were also agreed and the company permitted to export 250 tons of saltpetre. Again in 1673, Banks successfully negotiated another contract for 700 tons of saltpetre at £37,000 between the king and the company. So urgent was the need to supply the armed forces in the United Kingdom, America and elsewhere that the authorities sometimes turned a blind eye on the untaxed sales. One governor of the company was even reported as saying in 1864 that he would rather have the saltpetre made than the tax on salt.

Q1: Due to agreed debt what 250 tons  product was first permitted to be exported by the company after the seven years' war?
A1: saltpetre
Q2: in what year did Banks  negotiate between the king and the East india company for 700 tons of saltpetre?
A2: 1673
Q3: Saltpetre was used for what people, specifically the need for this product had people overlooking untaxed sales? 
A3: armed forces
Q4: One of the governor of the company said that he would rather have saltpetre then____ in its raw form?
A4: salt
Q5: how much did 700 tons of saltpetre go for in the contract negotiated by Banks in 1673
A5: £37,000
London (Geography and places)

Outward urban expansion is now prevented by the Metropolitan Green Belt, although the built-up area extends beyond the boundary in places, resulting in a separately defined Greater London Urban Area. Beyond this is the vast London commuter belt. Greater London is split for some purposes into Inner London and Outer London. The city is split by the River Thames into North and South, with an informal central London area in its interior. The coordinates of the nominal centre of London, traditionally considered to be the original Eleanor Cross at Charing Cross near the junction of Trafalgar Square and Whitehall, are approximately 51°30′26″N 00°07′39″W﻿ / ﻿51.50722°N 0.12750°W﻿ / 51.50722; -0.12750.

Q1: What statutory policy minimizes outward expansion of urban London?
A1: the Metropolitan Green Belt
Q2: Greater London is divided into what two groups of boroughs?
A2: Inner London and Outer London
Q3: Where is the centre of London said to be located?
A3: Eleanor Cross at Charing Cross near the junction of Trafalgar Square and Whitehall
Q4: In which directions does the River Thames divide the City of London?
A4: North and South
Q5: What metropolitan area lies beyond the Metropolitan Green Belt?
A5: London commuter belt
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

Over 230 works of Chopin survive; some compositions from early childhood have been lost. All his known works involve the piano, and only a few range beyond solo piano music, as either piano concertos, songs or chamber music.

Q1: How many of Chopin's works still exist?
A1: Over 230
Q2: All of his pieces include what instrument?
A2: piano
Q3: How many Chopin pieces are known to have survived?
A3: Over 230
Q4: Only a few of Chopin's pieces involve more than the piano, including piano concertos, songs and what?
A4: chamber music.
Southampton (Geography and places)

Over 40 per cent of school pupils in the city that responded to a survey claimed to have been the victim of bullying. More than 2,000 took part and said that verbal bullying was the most common form, although physical bullying was a close second for boys.

Q1: More than what percentage of the students surveyed said they'd been bullied?
A1: 40
Q2: About how many pupils took the bullying survey?
A2: 2,000
Q3: What specific form of bullying did the survey show was most common?
A3: verbal
Q4: What was the second most common form of bullying experienced by boys who took the survey?
A4: physical