LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Religion_in_ancient_Rome (History)

The meaning and origin of many archaic festivals baffled even Rome's intellectual elite, but the more obscure they were, the greater the opportunity for reinvention and reinterpretation — a fact lost neither on Augustus in his program of religious reform, which often cloaked autocratic innovation, nor on his only rival as mythmaker of the era, Ovid. In his Fasti, a long-form poem covering Roman holidays from January to June, Ovid presents a unique look at Roman antiquarian lore, popular customs, and religious practice that is by turns imaginative, entertaining, high-minded, and scurrilous; not a priestly account, despite the speaker's pose as a vates or inspired poet-prophet, but a work of description, imagination and poetic etymology that reflects the broad humor and burlesque spirit of such venerable festivals as the Saturnalia, Consualia, and feast of Anna Perenna on the Ides of March, where Ovid treats the assassination of the newly deified Julius Caesar as utterly incidental to the festivities among the Roman people. But official calendars preserved from different times and places also show a flexibility in omitting or expanding events, indicating that there was no single static and authoritative calendar of required observances. In the later Empire under Christian rule, the new Christian festivals were incorporated into the existing framework of the Roman calendar, alongside at least some of the traditional festivals.

Q1: What did obscure festivals offer Romans the opportunity to do?
A1: reinterpretation
Q2: What did Augustus wish to do for Roman religion?
A2: reform
Q3: What poet wrote a long poem describing Roman religious holidays?
A3: Ovid
Q4: What was lacking in the presentation of religious events in Rome?
A4: authoritative calendar
Q5: Under whose rule were new Christian festivals added to previous Roman holidays?
A5: Christian
Federalism (History)

The meaning of federalism, as a political movement, and of what constitutes a 'federalist', varies with country and historical context.[citation needed] Movements associated with the establishment or development of federations can exhibit either centralising or decentralising trends.[citation needed] For example, at the time those nations were being established, factions known as "federalists" in the United States and Australia advocated the formation of strong central government. Similarly, in European Union politics, federalists mostly seek greater EU integration. In contrast, in Spain and in post-war Germany, federal movements have sought decentralisation: the transfer of power from central authorities to local units. In Canada, where Quebec separatism has been a political force for several decades, the "federalist" impulse aims to keep Quebec inside Canada.

Q1: What is the meaning of federalism?
A1: as a political movement, and of what constitutes a 'federalist', varies with country and historical context
Q2: What types of movements are associated with federalism?
A2: Movements associated with the establishment or development of federations can exhibit either centralising or decentralising trends.
Q3: What countries advocate for a strong central government?
A3: United States and Australia
Boston (Geography and places)

The median household income in Boston was $51,739, while the median income for a family was $61,035. Full-time year-round male workers had a median income of $52,544 versus $46,540 for full-time year-round female workers. The per capita income for the city was $33,158. 21.4% of the population and 16.0% of families are below the poverty line. Of the total population, 28.8% of those under the age of 18 and 20.4% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

Q1: What is the average household income in Boston?
A1: $51,739
Q2: What is the average family income in Boston?
A2: $61,035
Q3: What is the average income for a full time male worker?
A3: $52,544
Q4: What is the average income for a full time female worker?
A4: $46,540
Q5: What percent of families fall below the poverty line?
A5: 16.0%
Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey (Geography and places)

The median income for a household in the city was $26,969, and the median income for a family was $31,997. Males had a median income of $25,471 versus $23,863 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,402. About 19.1% of families and 23.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.1% of those under age 18 and 18.9% of those age 65 or over.

Q1: What was the median income for a household in the city?
A1: $26,969
Q2: What was the median income for a family in the city?
A2: $31,997
Q3: What was the per capita income for the city?
A3: $15,402
Q4: What percentage of families in the city were living below the poverty line?
A4: 19.1%
Q5: What percentage of the population in the city were living below the poverty line?
A5: 23.6%
Infection (Natural sciences)

The medical treatment of infectious diseases falls into the medical field of Infectious Disease and in some cases the study of propagation pertains to the field of Epidemiology. Generally, infections are initially diagnosed by primary care physicians or internal medicine specialists. For example, an "uncomplicated" pneumonia will generally be treated by the internist or the pulmonologist (lung physician). The work of the infectious diseases specialist therefore entails working with both patients and general practitioners, as well as laboratory scientists, immunologists, bacteriologists and other specialists.

Q1: What medical field does the treatment of infectious diseases fall into?
A1: field of Infectious Disease
Q2: Disease propagation can fall under the purview of what field of study?
A2: Epidemiology
Q3: Who tends to initially diagnose an infection?
A3: primary care physicians or internal medicine specialists
Q4: What is the non-medical mumbo jumbo term for pulmonologist?
A4: lung physician
Q5: Who works with both patients and general practitioners to identify a disease?
A5: infectious diseases specialist
Bern (Geography and places)

The medieval city is a foundation of the Zähringer ruling family, which rose to power in Upper Burgundy in the 12th century. According to 14th century historiography (Cronica de Berno, 1309), Bern was founded in 1191 by Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen.

Q1: The medieval city is a foundation of what family?
A1: Zähringer
Q2: When did the Zahringer ruling family rise to power?
A2: 12th century
Q3: Where did the Zahringer ruling family rise to power?
A3: Upper Burgundy
Q4: What year was Bern founded?
A4: 1191
Q5: Who founded Bern?
A5: Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen
Middle_Ages (History)

The medieval period is frequently caricatured as a "time of ignorance and superstition" that placed "the word of religious authorities over personal experience and rational activity." This is a legacy from both the Renaissance and Enlightenment, when scholars contrasted their intellectual cultures with those of the medieval period, to the detriment of the Middle Ages. Renaissance scholars saw the Middle Ages as a period of decline from the high culture and civilisation of the Classical world; Enlightenment scholars saw reason as superior to faith, and thus viewed the Middle Ages as a time of ignorance and superstition.

Q1: Along with the Renaissance, during what period were the Middle Ages disparaged?
A1: Enlightenment
Q2: What era did Renaissance scholars negatively compare the Middle Ages to?
A2: the Classical world
Q3: How did scholars of the Enlightenment see the Middle Ages?
A3: as a time of ignorance and superstition
Q4: What did Enlightenment scholars consider to be inferior to reason?
A4: faith
Order_of_the_British_Empire (History)

The members of The Beatles were made MBEs in 1965. John Lennon justified the comparative merits of his investiture by comparing military membership in the Order: "Lots of people who complained about us receiving the MBE [status] received theirs for heroism in the war – for killing people… We received ours for entertaining other people. I'd say we deserve ours more." Lennon later returned his MBE insignia on 25 November 1969 as part of his ongoing peace protests. Other criticism centres on the claim that many recipients of the Order are being rewarded with honours for simply doing their jobs; critics claim that the civil service and judiciary receive far more orders and honours than leaders of other professions.

Q1: Who were MBE'S?
A1: The members of The Beatles
Q2: In what year was the Beatles made MBE's?
A2: 1965
Q3: Who compared military membership in the Order?
A3: John Lennon
Q4: Who said "lots of people who complained about us receiving the MBE received thris for heroism in the war.
A4: John Lennon
Q5: When did John Lennon return his MBE insignia?
A5: 25 November 1969
San_Diego (Geography and places)

The members of the city council are each elected from single member districts within the city. The mayor and city attorney are elected directly by the voters of the entire city. The mayor, city attorney, and council members are elected to four-year terms, with a two-term limit. Elections are held on a non-partisan basis per California state law; nevertheless, most officeholders do identify themselves as either Democrats or Republicans. In 2007, registered Democrats outnumbered Republicans by about 7 to 6 in the city, and Democrats currently (as of 2015[update]) hold a 5-4 majority in the city council. The current mayor, Kevin Faulconer, is a Republican.

Q1: Who votes in the city's attorney and mayor?
A1: voters of the entire city
Q2: How long is the term for council members?
A2: four-year terms,
Q3: Were there more Democrats or Republicans in 2007?
A3: Democrats outnumbered Republicans by about 7 to 6
Q4: Who is Kevin Faulconer?
A4: current mayor
Q5: Who elects members of city council?
A5: single member districts within the city
University_of_Notre_Dame (Geography and places)

The men's basketball team has over 1,600 wins, one of only 12 schools who have reached that mark, and have appeared in 28 NCAA tournaments. Former player Austin Carr holds the record for most points scored in a single game of the tournament with 61. Although the team has never won the NCAA Tournament, they were named by the Helms Athletic Foundation as national champions twice. The team has orchestrated a number of upsets of number one ranked teams, the most notable of which was ending UCLA's record 88-game winning streak in 1974. The team has beaten an additional eight number-one teams, and those nine wins rank second, to UCLA's 10, all-time in wins against the top team. The team plays in newly renovated Purcell Pavilion (within the Edmund P. Joyce Center), which reopened for the beginning of the 2009–2010 season. The team is coached by Mike Brey, who, as of the 2014–15 season, his fifteenth at Notre Dame, has achieved a 332-165 record. In 2009 they were invited to the NIT, where they advanced to the semifinals but were beaten by Penn State who went on and beat Baylor in the championship. The 2010–11 team concluded its regular season ranked number seven in the country, with a record of 25–5, Brey's fifth straight 20-win season, and a second-place finish in the Big East. During the 2014-15 season, the team went 32-6 and won the ACC conference tournament, later advancing to the Elite 8, where the Fighting Irish lost on a missed buzzer-beater against then undefeated Kentucky. Led by NBA draft picks Jerian Grant and Pat Connaughton, the Fighting Irish beat the eventual national champion Duke Blue Devils twice during the season. The 32 wins were the most by the Fighting Irish team since 1908-09.

Q1: How many wins does the Notre Dame men's basketball team have?
A1: over 1,600
Q2: How many schools have a similar men's basketball record to Notre Dame in terms of wins?
A2: 12
Q3: How many NCAA tournaments did the Notre Dame men's basketball team take part in?
A3: 28
Q4: Which Notre Dame men's basketball player has the record for more points in one game?
A4: Austin Carr
Q5: Who was the Notre Dame men's basketball coach in 2014?
A5: Mike Brey
Sony_Music_Entertainment (Music)

The merger made Columbia and Epic sister labels to RCA Records, which was once owned by RCA which also owned CBS rival NBC. It also started the process of bringing BMG's Arista Records back under common ownership with its former parent Columbia Pictures, a Sony division since 1989, and also brought Arista founder Clive Davis back into the fold. Davis is still with Sony Music as Chief Creative Officer.

Q1: Columbia Pictures has been owned by Sony since what year?
A1: 1989
Q2: Who is the CCO of Sony Music?
A2: Clive Davis
Copper (History)

The metal's distinctive natural green patina has long been coveted by architects and designers. The final patina is a particularly durable layer that is highly resistant to atmospheric corrosion, thereby protecting the underlying metal against further weathering. It can be a mixture of carbonate and sulfate compounds in various amounts, depending upon environmental conditions such as sulfur-containing acid rain. Architectural copper and its alloys can also be 'finished' to embark a particular look, feel, and/or color. Finishes include mechanical surface treatments, chemical coloring, and coatings.

Q1: What pigment color is natural to copper?
A1: green
Q2: What property does the final patina on cooper have?
A2: highly resistant to atmospheric corrosion
Q3: What mixture of compounds is the final patina?
A3: carbonate and sulfate
Q4: What conditions effect the mixture of carbonate and sulfate in copper?
A4: environmental
Q5: What can be done to copper to give it a certain look?
A5: finished
Hindu_philosophy (Philosophy and religion)

The metaphysics in Mīmāṃsā school consists of both atheistic and theistic doctrines and the school showed little interest in systematic examination of the existence of God. Rather, it held that the soul is eternal omnipresent, inherently active spiritual essence, then focussed on the epistemology and metaphysics of dharma. To them, dharma meant rituals and duties, not devas (gods), because devas existed only in name. The Mīmāṃsākas held that the Vedas are "eternal authorless infallible", that Vedic vidhi (injunctions) and mantras in rituals are prescriptive karya (actions), and the rituals are of primary importance and merit. They considered the Upanishads and other self-knowledge, spirituality-related texts to be of secondary importance, a philosophical view that the Vedanta school disagreed with.

Q1: What type of doctrines are contained in the Mimamsa  school?
A1: atheistic and theistic
Q2: How did the Mimamsa school view the soul?
A2: eternal
Q3: What was the focus of the Mimamsa school of philosophy?
A3: dharma
Q4: How did the Mimamsa school consider dharma?
A4: rituals and duties
Q5: What school disagreed with the principles of the Mimamsa school?
A5: Vedanta school
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States (History)

The method of execution of federal prisoners for offenses under the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 is that of the state in which the conviction took place. If the state has no death penalty, the judge must choose a state with the death penalty for carrying out the execution. For offenses under the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988, the method of execution is lethal injection. The Federal Correctional Complex in Terre Haute, Indiana is currently the home of the only death chamber for federal death penalty recipients in the United States, where inmates are put to death by lethal injection. The complex has so far been the only location used for federal executions post-Gregg. Timothy McVeigh and Juan Garza were put to death in June 2001, and Louis Jones, Jr. was put to death on March 18, 2003.

Q1: Under what federal statute are offenses punished by lethal injection?
A1: Drug Kingpin Act of 1988
Q2: According to what law are federal prisoners executed according to the procedures in place in the state in which they were convicted?
A2: Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994
Q3: In what state is the Federal Correctional Complex in Terre Haute?
A3: Indiana
Q4: In what month and year was Juan Garza executed?
A4: June 2001
Q5: Who was executed by the federal government on March 18, 2003?
A5: Louis Jones, Jr.
Bras%C3%ADlia (Geography and places)

The metro leaves the Rodoviária (bus station) and goes south, avoiding most of the political and tourist areas. The main purpose of the metro is to serve cities, such as Samambaia, Taguatinga and Ceilândia, as well as Guará and Águas Claras. The satellite cities served are more populated in total than the Plano Piloto itself (the census of 2000 indicated that Ceilândia had 344,039 inhabitants, Taguatinga had 243,575, whereas the Plano Piloto had approximately 400,000 inhabitants), and most residents of the satellite cities depend on public transportation.

Q1: What is the Rodoviária?
A1: bus station
Q2: As of 2000, how many people lived in Ceilândia?
A2: 344,039
Q3: As of 2000, how many people lived in Taguatinga?
A3: 243,575
Q4: As of 2000, how many people lived in the Plano Piloto?
A4: approximately 400,000
Q5: What areas does Brasilia's public transit avoid?
A5: most of the political and tourist areas
USB (Engineering and technology)

The micro plug design is rated for at least 10,000 connect-disconnect cycles, which is more than the mini plug design. The micro connector is also designed to reduce the mechanical wear on the device; instead the easier-to-replace cable is designed to bear the mechanical wear of connection and disconnection. The Universal Serial Bus Micro-USB Cables and Connectors Specification details the mechanical characteristics of micro-A plugs, micro-AB receptacles (which accept both micro-A and micro-B plugs), and micro-B plugs and receptacles, along with a standard-A receptacle to micro-A plug adapter.

Q1: What is the micro connector designed for?
A1: to reduce the mechanical wear on the device
Q2: What is the easier-to-replace cable designed for?
A2: to bear the mechanical wear of connection and disconnection
Q3: What is the micro-plug rated for?
A3: 10,000 connect-disconnect cycles
History_of_science (History)

The mid 20th century saw a series of studies relying to the role of science in a social context, starting from Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions in 1962. It opened the study of science to new disciplines by suggesting that the evolution of science was in part sociologically determined and that positivism did not explain the actual interactions and strategies of the human participants in science. As Thomas Kuhn put it, the history of science may be seen in more nuanced terms, such as that of competing paradigms or conceptual systems in a wider matrix that includes intellectual, cultural, economic and political themes outside of science. "Partly by selection and partly by distortion, the scientists of earlier ages are implicitly presented as having worked upon the same set of fixed problems and in accordance with the same set of fixed canons that the most recent revolution in scientific theory and method made seem scientific."

Q1: Where did the social aspect of science originate?
A1: Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions in 1962
Q2: What idea did social science add to science as a whole?
A2: positivism did not explain the actual interactions and strategies of the human participants in science
Q3: How did Kuhn view the history of science?
A3: competing paradigms or conceptual systems
Gramophone_record (Music)

The mid-1970s saw the introduction of dbx-encoded records, again for the audiophile niche market. These were completely incompatible with standard record playback preamplifiers, relying on the dbx compandor encoding/decoding scheme to greatly increase dynamic range (dbx encoded disks were recorded with the dynamic range compressed by a factor of two in dB: quiet sounds were meant to be played back at low gain and loud sounds were meant to be played back at high gain, via automatic gain control in the playback equipment; this reduced the effect of surface noise on quiet passages). A similar and very short-lived scheme involved using the CBS-developed "CX" noise reduction encoding/decoding scheme.

Q1: What was required for quality playback of DBX recordings?
A1: automatic gain control
Q2: When were DBX recordings released?
A2: mid-1970s
Q3: How compatible were DBX encoded recordings with prior technologies?
A3: completely incompatible with
Q4: What was the intention of DBX encoded recordings?
A4: reduced the effect of surface noise on quiet passages
Q5: What did CBS develop in order to reduce outside noise?
A5: "CX" noise reduction
Plymouth (History)

The mid-19th century burial ground at Ford Park Cemetery was reopened in 2007 by a successful trust and the City council operate two large early 20th century cemeteries at Weston Mill and Efford both with crematoria and chapels. There is also a privately owned cemetery on the outskirts of the city, Drake Memorial Park which does not allow headstones to mark graves, but a brass plaque set into the ground.

Q1: When did Ford Park Cemetery reopen?
A1: 2007
Q2: Along with Efford, where else does the Plymouth City Council operate a cemetery?
A2: Weston Mill
Q3: What is the name of the private cemetery in Plymouth?
A3: Drake Memorial Park
Q4: In lieu of headstones, what grave markers are used at Drake Memorial Park?
A4: a brass plaque
Q5: When did Ford Park Cemetery first operate?
A5: mid-19th century
Cyprus (Geography and places)

The middle of summer is hot – in July and August on the coast the average temperature is usually around 33 °C (91 °F) during the day and around 22 °C (72 °F) at night (inland, in the highlands average temperature exceeds 35 °C (95 °F)) while in the June and September on the coast the average temperature is usually around 30 °C (86 °F) during the day and around 20 °C (68 °F) at night in Limassol, while is usually around 28 °C (82 °F) during the day and around 18 °C (64 °F) at night in Paphos. Large fluctuations in temperature are rare. Inland temperatures are more extreme, with colder winters and hotter summers compared with the coast of the island.

Q1: When does the middle of summer occur on Cyprus?
A1: July and August
Q2: What is the average day temperature on the coast during summer?
A2: 33 °C (91 °F)
Q3: What is the average day temperature on the coast in June and September?
A3: 30 °C (86 °F)
Q4: Where are temperatures more extreme compared to the coast of Cyprus?
A4: Inland
Department_store (Social sciences and society)

The middle up segment is mainly occupied by Metro Department Store originated from Singapore and Sogo from Japan. 2007 saw the re-opening of Jakarta's Seibu, poised to be the largest and second most upscale department store in Indonesia after Harvey Nichols, which the latter closed in 2010 and yet plans to return. Other international department stores include Debenhams and Marks & Spencer. Galeries Lafayette also joins the Indonesian market in 2013 inside Pacific Place Mall. This department store is targeting middle up market with price range from affordable to luxury, poised to be the largest upscale department store. Galeries Lafayette, Debenhams, Harvey Nichols, Marks & Spencer, Seibu and Sogo are all operated by PT. Mitra Adiperkasa.

Q1: Where did the Metro Department store originally begin?
A1: Singapore and Sogo from Japan
Q2: When did Seibu, located in Jakarta, re-open? 
A2: 2007
Q3: Where did Galeries Lafayette open in 2013, inside Indonesia? 
A3: Pacific Place Mall
Q4: Who operates the wide range of department stores in these areas?
A4: PT. Mitra Adiperkasa.
Q5: What store led the Indonesian markets until 2010 when it closed? 
A5: Harvey Nichols