LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Pope_John_XXIII (Philosophy and religion)

Following the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958, Roncalli watched the live funeral on his last full day in Venice on 11 October. His journal was specifically concerned with the funeral and the abused state of the late pontiff's corpse. Roncalli left Venice for the conclave in Rome well aware that he was papabile,[b] and after eleven ballots, was elected to succeed the late Pius XII, so it came as no surprise to him, though he had arrived at the Vatican with a return train ticket to Venice.[citation needed]

Q1: When did Pope Pius XII die?
A1: 9 October 1958
Q2: When was his last full day in Venice?
A2: 11 October
Q3: Why did Roncalli leave Venice?
A3: for the conclave in Rome
Q4: He was elected pope after how many ballots?
A4: eleven ballots
Germans (Language and literature)

Following the defeat in World War I, influence of German-speaking elites over Central and Eastern Europe was greatly limited. At the treaty of Versailles Germany was substantially reduced in size. Austria-Hungary was split up. Rump-Austria, which to a certain extent corresponded to the German-speaking areas of Austria-Hungary (a complete split into language groups was impossible due to multi-lingual areas and language-exclaves) adopted the name "German-Austria" (German: Deutschösterreich). The name German-Austria was forbidden by the victorious powers of World War I. Volga Germans living in the Soviet Union were interned in gulags or forcibly relocated during the Second World War.

Q1: What greatly reduced the size of Germany after WWI?
A1: treaty of Versailles
Q2: Who was relocated during the second world war from the Soviet Union?
A2: Volga Germans
Q3: What name did Rump-Austria adopt?
A3: German-Austria
Q4: What is the German translation for German-Austria?
A4: Deutschösterreich
British_Empire (History)

Following the defeat of Japan in the Second World War, anti-Japanese resistance movements in Malaya turned their attention towards the British, who had moved to quickly retake control of the colony, valuing it as a source of rubber and tin. The fact that the guerrillas were primarily Malayan-Chinese Communists meant that the British attempt to quell the uprising was supported by the Muslim Malay majority, on the understanding that once the insurgency had been quelled, independence would be granted. The Malayan Emergency, as it was called, began in 1948 and lasted until 1960, but by 1957, Britain felt confident enough to grant independence to the Federation of Malaya within the Commonwealth. In 1963, the 11 states of the federation together with Singapore, Sarawak and North Borneo joined to form Malaysia, but in 1965 Chinese-majority Singapore was expelled from the union following tensions between the Malay and Chinese populations. Brunei, which had been a British protectorate since 1888, declined to join the union and maintained its status until independence in 1984.

Q1: When did the Malayan Emergency begin?
A1: 1948
Q2: When did Britain give the Federation of Malaya its independence?
A2: 1957
Q3: When did Singapore leave the Federation of Malaya?
A3: 1965
Q4: What race was the majority of Singapore's population?
A4: Chinese
Q5: When did Brunei get its independence?
A5: 1984
Strasbourg (Geography and places)

Following the defeat of the German empire in World War I and the abdication of the German Emperor, some revolutionary insurgents declared Alsace-Lorraine as an independent Republic, without preliminary referendum or vote. On 11 November 1918 (Armistice Day), communist insurgents proclaimed a "soviet government" in Strasbourg, following the example of Kurt Eisner in Munich as well as other German towns. French troops commanded by French general Henri Gouraud entered triumphantly in the city on 22 November. A major street of the city now bears the name of that date (Rue du 22 Novembre) which celebrates the entry of the French in the city. Viewing the massive cheering crowd gathered under the balcony of Strasbourg's town hall, French President Raymond Poincaré stated that "the plebiscite is done".

Q1: In what war was the German Empire defeated? 
A1: World War I
Q2: What kind of Republic did some insurgents declare Alsace-Lorraine?
A2: independent
Q3: What date was Strasbourg declared a soviet government by insurgents?
A3: 11 November 1918
Q4: Who commanded the French troops on November 22?
A4: French general Henri Gouraud
Q5: What French President said "the plebiscite is done"?
A5: Raymond Poincaré
Beyoncé (Music)

Following the disbandment of Destiny's Child in June 2005, she released her second solo album, B'Day (2006), which contained hits "Déjà Vu", "Irreplaceable", and "Beautiful Liar". Beyoncé also ventured into acting, with a Golden Globe-nominated performance in Dreamgirls (2006), and starring roles in The Pink Panther (2006) and Obsessed (2009). Her marriage to rapper Jay Z and portrayal of Etta James in Cadillac Records (2008) influenced her third album, I Am... Sasha Fierce (2008), which saw the birth of her alter-ego Sasha Fierce and earned a record-setting six Grammy Awards in 2010, including Song of the Year for "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)". Beyoncé took a hiatus from music in 2010 and took over management of her career; her fourth album 4 (2011) was subsequently mellower in tone, exploring 1970s funk, 1980s pop, and 1990s soul. Her critically acclaimed fifth studio album, Beyoncé (2013), was distinguished from previous releases by its experimental production and exploration of darker themes.

Q1: After her second solo album, what other entertainment venture did Beyonce explore?
A1: acting
Q2: Which artist did Beyonce marry?
A2: Jay Z
Q3: To set the record for Grammys, how many did Beyonce win?
A3: six
Q4: For what movie did Beyonce receive  her first Golden Globe nomination?
A4: Dreamgirls
Q5: When did Beyonce take a hiatus in her career and take control of her management?
A5: 2010
Q6: Which album was darker in tone from her previous work?
A6: Beyoncé
Q7: After what movie portraying Etta James, did Beyonce create Sasha Fierce?
A7: Cadillac Records
Q8: When did Destiny's Child end their group act?
A8: June 2005
Q9: What was the name of Beyoncé's second solo album?
A9: B'Day
Q10: What was Beyoncé's first acting job, in 2006?
A10: Dreamgirls
Q11: Who is Beyoncé married to?
A11: Jay Z
Q12: What is the name of Beyoncé's alter-ego?
A12: Sasha Fierce
The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess (Video games)

Following the discovery of a buffer overflow vulnerability in the Wii version of Twilight Princess, an exploit known as the "Twilight Hack" was developed, allowing the execution of custom code from a Secure Digital (SD) card on the console. A properly designed save file would cause the game to load unsigned code, which could include Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) programs and homebrew Wii applications. Versions 3.3 and 3.4 of the Wii Menu prevented copying exploited save files onto the console until circumvention methods were discovered, and version 4.0 of the Wii Menu patched the vulnerability.

Q1: What kind of error was found in Twilight Princess for Wii?
A1: buffer overflow vulnerability
Q2: What does ELF stand for?
A2: Executable and Linkable Format
Q3: Which issue of the Wii Menu fixed the issue with Twilight Princess?
A3: 4.0
Q4: What was the name of the hack discovered?
A4: Twilight Hack
Q5: What versions of the Wii Menu prevented copying the exploited files?
A5: 3.3 and 3.4
Q6: What version of the Wii patched the hack vulnerability?
A6: 4.0
Portugal (Geography and places)

Following the earthquake, Joseph I gave his Prime Minister even more power, and Sebastião de Melo became a powerful, progressive dictator. As his power grew, his enemies increased in number, and bitter disputes with the high nobility became frequent. In 1758 Joseph I was wounded in an attempted assassination. The Távora family and the Duke of Aveiro were implicated and executed after a quick trial. The Jesuits were expelled from the country and their assets confiscated by the crown. Sebastião de Melo prosecuted every person involved, even women and children. This was the final stroke that broke the power of the aristocracy. Joseph I made his loyal minister Count of Oeiras in 1759.

Q1: What happened to Joseph I in 1758?
A1: wounded in an attempted assassination
Q2: Who was implicated in the attempted assassination of Joseph I?
A2: The Távora family and the Duke of Aveiro
Q3: Who was expelled from the country after the assassination attempt on Joseph I?
A3: The Jesuits
Q4: What act finally broke the power of the aristocracy?
A4: Sebastião de Melo prosecuted every person involved, even women and children
Q5: In what year did Joseph I make his minister the Count of Oeiras?
A5: 1759
2008_Sichuan_earthquake (Natural sciences)

Following the earthquake, donations were made by people from all over mainland China, with booths set up in schools, at banks, and around gas stations. People also donated blood, resulting in according to Xinhua long line-ups in most major Chinese cities. Many donated through text messaging on mobile phones to accounts set up by China Unicom and China Mobile By May 16, the Chinese government had allocated a total of $772 million for earthquake relief so far, up sharply from $159 million from May 14.

Q1: What was also donated?
A1: blood
Q2: What companies received the money?
A2: China Unicom and China Mobile
Q3: After the quake, people from where in China made donations?
A3: all over mainland China
Q4: What caused long lines in most major cities?
A4: donated blood
Q5: What were the Chinese setting up to take in donations?
A5: booths
Q6: How did a lot of people donate using mobile phones?
A6: text messaging
Q7: How much had the Chinese government designated by May 16?
A7: $772 million
Swaziland (Geography and places)

Following the elections of 1973, the constitution of Swaziland was suspended by King Sobhuza II who thereafter ruled the country by decree until his death in 1982. At this point Sobhuza II had ruled Swaziland for 61 years, making him the longest ruling monarch in history. A regency followed his death, with Queen Regent Dzeliwe Shongwe being head of state until 1984 when she was removed by Liqoqo and replaced by Queen Mother Ntfombi Tfwala. Mswati III, the son of Ntfombi, was crowned king on 25 April 1986 as King and Ingwenyama of Swaziland.

Q1: In what year was the constitution of Swaziland suspended?
A1: 1973
Q2: Who ruled Swaziland in the late 1970s?
A2: King Sobhuza II
Q3: When did King Sobhuza II die?
A3: 1982
Q4: Who was the head of state of Swaziland after King Sobhuza II
A4: Queen Regent Dzeliwe Shongwe
Q5: Which monarch of Swaziland was crownd in April 1986?
A5: Mswati III
Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States (Social sciences and society)

Following the end of World War II the educational gap between White and Black Americans was widened by Dwight D. Eisenhower's GI Bill. This piece of legislation paved the way for white GIs to attend college. Despite their veteran status returning black servicemen were not afforded loans at the same rate as whites. Furthermore, at the time of its introduction, segregation was still the law of the land barring blacks from the best institutions. Overall, "Nearly 8 million servicemen and servicewomen were educated under the provisions of the GI Bill after World War II. But for blacks, higher educational opportunities were so few that the promise of the GI Bill went largely unfulfilled."

Q1: What major event preceded the growth of the divide in education between White and Black Americans?
A1: end of World War II
Q2: What was considered to be a major cause of the increase in educational gap?
A2: Dwight D. Eisenhower's GI Bill
Q3: What did returning black veterans not receive?
A3: loans at the same rate as whites
Q4: How many servicemen and women were educated as a result of the GI Bill?
A4: Nearly 8 million
Q5: What opportunities were few for black veterans?
A5: higher educational
Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) (Warfare)

Following the end of the Cold War, the threat of direct conventional military confrontation with other states has been replaced by terrorism. Sir Richard Dannatt predicted British forces to be involved in combating "predatory non-state actors" for the foreseeable future, in what he called an "era of persistent conflict". He told the Chatham House think tank that the fight against al-Qaeda and other militant Islamist groups was "probably the fight of our generation".

Q1: What was the new threat that arose after the end of the Cold War?
A1: terrorism
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay (Sports and recreation)

Following the events in Olympia, there were reports that China requested permission to deploy People's Liberation Army personnel along the relay route to protect the flame in Canberra. Australian authorities stated that such a request, if it were to be made, would be refused. Chinese officials labeled it a rumor. Australian police have been given powers to search relay spectators, following a call by the Chinese Students and Scholars Association for Chinese Australian students to "go defend our sacred torch" against "ethnic degenerate scum and anti-China separatists". Tony Goh, chairman of the Australian Council of Chinese Organisations, has said the ACCO would be taking "thousands" of pro-Beijing demonstrators to Canberra by bus, to support the torch relay. Zhang Rongan, a Chinese Australian student organising pro-Beijing demonstrations, told the press that Chinese diplomats were assisting with the organization of buses, meals and accommodation for pro-Beijing demonstrators, and helping them organise a "peaceful show of strength". Foreign Minister Stephen Smith said Chinese officials were urging supporters to "turn up and put a point of view", but that he had no objection to it as long as they remained peaceful.

Q1: Who did the Chinese want to deploy to Canberra to protect the flame?
A1: People's Liberation Army personnel
Q2: Chinese Australian students were told to defend what against scum and separatists?
A2: sacred torch
Q3: Who was the chairman of the Australian Council of Chinese Organisations?
A3: Tony Goh
Q4: Who was the Foreign Minister who said he was okay with protests as long as they were peaceful?
A4: Stephen Smith
Q5: What group did China want along the relay route in Canberra?
A5: People's Liberation Army
Q6: Who was given permission to search attendees of the relay?
A6: Australian police
Q7: Who said that thousands of pro-Beijing supporters would be bused in?
A7: Tony Goh
Q8: Who told the media that Chinese diplomats were arranging a "peaceful show of strength"?
A8: Zhang Rongan
Q9: Who was the Foreign Minister who indicated Chinese officials wanted supporting demonstrators to show up and show their point of view?
A9: Stephen Smith
Protestantism (Philosophy and religion)

Following the excommunication of Luther and condemnation of the Reformation by the Pope, the work and writings of John Calvin were influential in establishing a loose consensus among various groups in Switzerland, Scotland, Hungary, Germany and elsewhere. After the expulsion of its Bishop in 1526, and the unsuccessful attempts of the Bern reformer William Farel, Calvin was asked to use the organisational skill he had gathered as a student of law to discipline the "fallen city" of Geneva. His Ordinances of 1541 involved a collaboration of Church affairs with the City council and consistory to bring morality to all areas of life. After the establishment of the Geneva academy in 1559, Geneva became the unofficial capital of the Protestant movement, providing refuge for Protestant exiles from all over Europe and educating them as Calvinist missionaries. The faith continued to spread after Calvin's death in 1563.

Q1: Who condemned the Reformation?
A1: the Pope
Q2: Who wrote the Ordinances of 1541?
A2: John Calvin
Q3: What city became the unofficial capital of the Protestant movement?
A3: Geneva
Q4: What type of missionaries were taught in Geneva?
A4: Calvinist
Q5: When did John Calvin die?
A5: 1563
Zhejiang (Geography and places)

Following the fall of Wu and the turmoil of the Wu Hu uprising against the Jin dynasty (265–420), most of elite Chinese families had collaborated with the non-Chinese rulers and military conquerors in the north. Some may have lost social privilege, and took refugee in areas south to Yangtze River. Some of the Chinese refugees from north China might have resided in areas near Hangzhou. For example, the clan of Zhuge Liang (181–234), a chancellor of the state of Shu Han from Central Plain in north China during the Three Kingdoms period, gathered together at the suburb of Hangzhou, forming an exclusive, closed village Zhuge Village (Zhege Cun), consisting of villagers all with family name "Zhuge". The village has intentionally isolated itself from the surrounding communities for centuries to this day, and only recently came to be known in public. It suggests that a small number of powerful, elite Chinese refugees from the Central Plain might have taken refugee in south of the Yangtze River. However, considering the mountainous geography and relative lack of agrarian lands in Zhejiang, most of these refugees might have resided in some areas in south China beyond Zhejiang, where fertile agrarian lands and metropolitan resources were available, mainly north Jiangsu, west Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Anhui,and provinces where less cohesive, organized regional governments had been in place. Metropolitan areas of Sichuan was another hub for refugees, given that the state of Shu had long been founded and ruled by political and military elites from the Central Plain and north China. Some refugees from the north China might have found residence in south China depending on their social status and military power in the north. The rump Jin state or the Southern Dynasties vied against some elite Chinese from the Central Plain and south of the Yangtze River.

Q1: When was the Jin Dynasty?
A1: 265–420
Q2: Where did the clan of Zhuge Liang gather together?
A2: Zhuge Village (Zhege Cun)
Q3: When did Zhuge Village isolate itself until?
A3: this day
Q4: What kind of geography is in Zhejiang?
A4: mountainous
Q5: When did Zhuge Liang live from?
A5: 181–234
Iran (Geography and places)

Following the fracture of the Mongol Empire in 1256, Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan, established the Ilkhanate in Iran. In 1370, yet another conqueror, Timur, followed the example of Hulagu, establishing the Timurid Empire which lasted for another 156 years. In 1387, Timur ordered the complete massacre of Isfahan, reportedly killing 70,000 citizens. The Ilkhans and the Timurids soon came to adopt the ways and customs of the Iranians, choosing to surround themselves with a culture that was distinctively Iranian.

Q1: Who established an Ilkhanate in Iran after the break up of the Mongol Empire in 1256?
A1: Hulagu Khan
Q2: Timur established the Timurid Empire in Iran in what year?
A2: 1370
Q3: How long did the Timurid empire last in Iran?
A3: 156 years
Q4: How many citizens were massacred in Isfahan by Timur in 1387?
A4: 70,000 citizens
Q5: The Ilkhans and Tumrids had what type of culture when ruling Iran?
A5: a culture that was distinctively Iranian
Glass (Art and architecture)

Following the glass batch preparation and mixing, the raw materials are transported to the furnace. Soda-lime glass for mass production is melted in gas fired units. Smaller scale furnaces for specialty glasses include electric melters, pot furnaces, and day tanks. After melting, homogenization and refining (removal of bubbles), the glass is formed. Flat glass for windows and similar applications is formed by the float glass process, developed between 1953 and 1957 by Sir Alastair Pilkington and Kenneth Bickerstaff of the UK's Pilkington Brothers, who created a continuous ribbon of glass using a molten tin bath on which the molten glass flows unhindered under the influence of gravity. The top surface of the glass is subjected to nitrogen under pressure to obtain a polished finish. Container glass for common bottles and jars is formed by blowing and pressing methods. This glass is often slightly modified chemically (with more alumina and calcium oxide) for greater water resistance. Further glass forming techniques are summarized in the table Glass forming techniques.

Q1: What happens during refining?
A1: removal of bubbles
Q2: What method is used for making windows?
A2: float glass process
Q3: What is used on the surface of window glass to make it smooth?
A3: nitrogen
Q4: What is added to the glass of jars to improve water resistance?
A4: alumina and calcium oxide
Q5: Who were the inventors of the float glass process?
A5: Alastair Pilkington and Kenneth Bickerstaff
Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union (History)

Following the hardliners' takeover, the September 30, 1990 elections (runoffs on October 14) were characterized by intimidation; several Popular Front candidates were jailed, two were murdered, and unabashed ballot stuffing took place even in the presence of Western observers. The election results reflected the threatening environment; out of the 350 members, 280 were Communists, with only 45 opposition candidates from the Popular Front and other non-communist groups, who together formed a Democratic Bloc ("Dembloc"). In May 1990 Mutalibov was elected Chairman of the Supreme Soviet unopposed.

Q1: What party's candidates were murdered in the September 30 elections?
A1: Popular Front
Q2: How many members were from opposition parties?
A2: 45
Q3: How many total members were there?
A3: 350
Q4: Who was elected to be Chairman in May?
A4: Mutalibov
Kanye_West (Music)

Following the highly publicized incident, West took a brief break from music and threw himself into fashion, only to hole up in Hawaii for the next few months writing and recording his next album. Importing his favorite producers and artists to work on and inspire his recording, West kept engineers behind the boards 24 hours a day and slept only in increments. Noah Callahan-Bever, a writer for Complex, was present during the sessions and described the "communal" atmosphere as thus: "With the right songs and the right album, he can overcome any and all controversy, and we are here to contribute, challenge, and inspire." A variety of artists contributed to the project, including close friends Jay-Z, Kid Cudi and Pusha T, as well as off-the-wall collaborations, such as with Justin Vernon of Bon Iver.

Q1: Where did Kanye base himself to create his next album?
A1: Hawaii
Q2: What industry did Kanye turn to after taking a break from recording music?
A2: fashion
Q3: What state did Kanye West hide in while writing his next album?
A3: Hawaii
Royal_Dutch_Shell (Natural sciences)

Following the purchase of an offshore lease in 2005, Shell initiated its US$4.5 billion Arctic drilling program in 2006, after the corporation purchased the "Kulluk" oil rig and leased the Noble Discoverer drillship. At inception, the project was led by Pete Slaiby, a Shell executive who had previously worked in the North Sea. However, after the purchase of a second offshore lease in 2008, Shell only commenced drilling work in 2012, due to the refurbishment of rigs, permit delays from the relevant authorities and lawsuits. The plans to drill in the Arctic led to protests from environmental groups, particularly Greenpeace; furthermore, analysts in the energy field, as well as related industries, also expressed skepticism due to perceptions that drilling in the region is "too dangerous because of harsh conditions and remote locations".

Q1: Shell purchased what in 2005?
A1: an offshore lease
Q2: What did Shell initate after its 2005 purchase?
A2: its US$4.5 billion Arctic drilling program
Q3: What executive initially led the Artic drilling project?
A3: Pete Slaiby
Q4: What caused the delay in drilling after Shell's 2008 purchase?
A4: the refurbishment of rigs, permit delays from the relevant authorities and lawsuits
Q5: Shell's plans to drill in the Artic led to protests from which particular environmental group?
A5: Greenpeace