LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Charleston,_South_Carolina (Geography and places)

In Charleston, the African American population increased as freedmen moved from rural areas to the major city: from 17,000 in 1860 to over 27,000 in 1880. Historian Eric Foner noted that blacks were glad to be relieved of the many regulations of slavery and to operate outside of white surveillance. Among other changes, most blacks quickly left the Southern Baptist Church, setting up their own black Baptist congregations or joining new African Methodist Episcopal Church and AME Zion churches, both independent black denominations first established in the North. Freedmen "acquired dogs, guns, and liquor (all barred to them under slavery), and refused to yield the sidewalks to whites".

Q1: How many African Americans lived in Charleston in 1860?
A1: 17,000
Q2: How many African American lived in Charleston in 1880?
A2: 27,000
Q3: Black left which religious denomination is great numbers after slavery?
A3: Southern Baptist Church
Q4: AME Zion Churches were first established in what part of America?
A4: the North
Q5: What  barred product ,along with dogs and guns ,  did the Freemen want after slavery ended?
A5: liquor
Humanism (Philosophy and religion)

In China, Yellow Emperor is regarded as the humanistic primogenitor.[citation needed] Sage kings such as Yao and Shun are humanistic figures as recorded.[citation needed] King Wu of Zhou has the famous saying: "Humanity is the Ling (efficacious essence) of the world (among all)." Among them Duke of Zhou, respected as a founder of Rujia (Confucianism), is especially prominent and pioneering in humanistic thought. His words were recorded in the Book of History as follows (translation):[citation needed]

Q1: Who was known as being a founder of humanism thought in China?
A1: Yellow Emperor
Q2: What early adopter and developer of is associated with Confucianism?
A2: Book of History
Q3: Who is known for the thought that humanity is the most important thing in the world?
A3: Wu of Zhou
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay (Sports and recreation)

In China, a call to boycott French hypermart Carrefour from May 1 began spreading through mobile text messaging and online chat rooms amongst the Chinese over the weekend from April 12, accusing the company's major shareholder, the LVMH Group, of donating funds to the Dalai Lama. There were also calls to extend the boycott to include French luxury goods and cosmetic products. Chinese protesters organized boycotts of the French-owned retail chain Carrefour in major Chinese cities including Kunming, Hefei and Wuhan, accusing the French nation of pro-secessionist conspiracy and anti-Chinese racism. Some burned French flags, some added Swastika (due to its conotaions with Nazism) to the French flag, and spread short online messages calling for large protests in front of French consulates and embassy. Some shoppers who insisted on entering one of the Carrefour stores in Kunming were blocked by boycotters wielding large Chinese flags and hit by water bottles. Hundreds of people joined Anti-French rallies in Beijing, Wuhan, Hefei, Kunming and Qingdao, which quickly spread to other cities like Xi'an, Harbin and Jinan. Carrefour denied any support or involvement in the Tibetan issue, and had its staff in its Chinese stores wear uniforms emblazoned with the Chinese national flag and caps with Olympic insignia and as well as the words "Beijing 2008" to show its support for the games. The effort had to be ceased when the BOCOG deemed the use of official Olympic insignia as illegal and a violation of copyright.

Q1: Which French company was boycotted?
A1: Carrefour
Q2: Carrefour was boycotted because of which shareholder?
A2: LVMH Group
Q3: Who was the LVMH Group accused of supporting?
A3: the Dalai Lama
Q4: What was burned during these boycotts?
A4: the French flag
Q5: Who was accused of helping the Dalai Lama?
A5: LVMH Group
Q6: Boycotters accused France of being pro-seccessionist and what?
A6: anti-Chinese racism.
Spectre_(2015_film) (Media and drama)

In China, it opened on 12 November and earned $15 million on its opening day, which is the second biggest 2D single day gross for a Hollywood film behind the $18.5 million opening day of Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation and occupying 43% of all available screens which included $790,000 in advance night screenings. Through its opening weekend, it earned $48.1 million from 14,700 screens which is 198% ahead of Skyfall, a new record for a Hollywood 2D opening. IMAX contributed $4.6 million on 246 screens, also a new record for a three-day opening for a November release (breaking Interstellar's record). In its second weekend, it added $12.1 million falling precipitously by 75% which is the second worst second weekend drop for any major Hollywood release in China of 2015. It grossed a total of $84.7 million there after four weekends. Albeit a strong opening it failed to attain the $100 million mark as projected.

Q1: On what day and month was Spectre released to the Chinese market?
A1: 12 November
Q2: How much more money did Spectre make during its first weekend in China than Skyfall?
A2: 198%
Q3: By the weekend after its China release, how much had revenue decreased?
A3: 75%
Q4: How much had Spectre made in its first month in China?
A4: $84.7 million
Q5: Spectre came in second in opening day gross in China behind what movie?
A5: Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation
Q6: How much money did Spectre gross after four weekends in China?
A6: $84.7 million
Red (Natural sciences)

In China, red (simplified Chinese: 红; traditional Chinese: 紅; pinyin: hóng) is the symbol of fire and the south (both south in general and Southern China specifically). It carries a largely positive connotation, being associated with courage, loyalty, honor, success, fortune, fertility, happiness, passion, and summer. In Chinese cultural traditions, red is associated with weddings (where brides traditionally wear red dresses) and red paper is frequently used to wrap gifts of money or other objects. Special red packets (simplified Chinese: 红包; traditional Chinese: 紅包; pinyin: hóng bāo in Mandarin or lai see in Cantonese) are specifically used during Chinese New Year celebrations for giving monetary gifts. On the more negative side, obituaries are traditionally written in red ink, and to write someone's name in red signals either cutting them out of one's life, or that they have died. Red is also associated with either the feminine or the masculine (yin and yang respectively), depending on the source. The Little Red Book, a collection of quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-Tung, founding father of the People's Republic of China (PRC), was published in 1966 and widely distributed thereafter.

Q1: Which cardinal direction is signified by red in China?
A1: south
Q2: What season is red identified with in China?
A2: summer
Q3: Red paper is used to wrap gifts of money during what special celebration in China?
A3: Chinese New Year
Q4: Who wrote the Little Red Book?
A4: Chairman Mao Tse-Tung
Q5: In what year was the Little Red Book published?
A5: 1966
Korean_War (Warfare)

In China, the war is officially called the "War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea" (simplified Chinese: 抗美援朝战争; traditional Chinese: 抗美援朝戰爭; pinyin: Kàngměiyuáncháo zhànzhēng), although the term "Chaoxian (Korean) War" (simplified Chinese: 朝鲜战争; traditional Chinese: 朝鮮戰爭; pinyin: Cháoxiǎn zhànzhēng) is also used in unofficial contexts, along with the term "Korean Conflict" (simplified Chinese: 韩战; traditional Chinese: 韓戰; pinyin: Hán Zhàn) more commonly used in regions such as Hong Kong and Macau.

Q1: In, China what is the war officially called?
A1: War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea
Q2: What did Macau and Hong Kong call the Korean War?
A2: Korean Conflict
Q3: When is the term 'Chaoxian War' used as a name for the Korean War?
A3: unofficial contexts
Modern_history (Philosophy and religion)

In China, urbanization increased as the population grew and as the division of labor grew more complex. Large urban centers, such as Nanjing and Beijing, also contributed to the growth of private industry. In particular, small-scale industries grew up, often specializing in paper, silk, cotton, and porcelain goods. For the most part, however, relatively small urban centers with markets proliferated around the country. Town markets mainly traded food, with some necessary manufactures such as pins or oil. Despite the xenophobia and intellectual introspection characteristic of the increasingly popular new school of neo-Confucianism, China under the early Ming dynasty was not isolated. Foreign trade and other contacts with the outside world, particularly Japan, increased considerably. Chinese merchants explored all of the Indian Ocean, reaching East Africa with the treasure voyages of Zheng He.

Q1: Name one of the reasons urbanization grew in China.
A1: population grew
Q2: What did Nanjing and Beijing contribute to?
A2: growth of private industry
Q3: What are Nanjing and Beijing?
A3: Large urban centers
Q4: Under what rule was China not isolated?
A4: the early Ming dynasty
Q5: During The Early MIng Dynasty Chinese merchants explored all of what?
A5: Indian Ocean
Q6: What caused urbanization to increase in China?
A6: the population grew
Q7: Where did Chinese merchants explore? 
A7: all of the Indian Ocean
Chinese_characters (Language and literature)

In China, which uses simplified Chinese characters, the Xiàndài Hànyǔ Chángyòng Zìbiǎo (现代汉语常用字表, Chart of Common Characters of Modern Chinese) lists 2,500 common characters and 1,000 less-than-common characters, while the Xiàndài Hànyǔ Tōngyòng Zìbiǎo (现代汉语通用字表, Chart of Generally Utilized Characters of Modern Chinese) lists 7,000 characters, including the 3,500 characters already listed above. GB2312, an early version of the national encoding standard used in the People's Republic of China, has 6,763 code points. GB18030, the modern, mandatory standard, has a much higher number. The New Hànyǔ Shuǐpíng Kǎoshì (汉语水平考试, Chinese Proficiency Test) covers approximately 2,600 characters at its highest level (level six).

Q1: What country uses simplified Chinese characters?
A1: China
Q2: What lists 2,500 common characters?
A2: Chart of Common Characters of Modern Chinese
Q3: What is an early version of the national encoding standard used in the people's public of China?
A3: GB2312
History_of_science (History)

In Classical Antiquity, the inquiry into the workings of the universe took place both in investigations aimed at such practical goals as establishing a reliable calendar or determining how to cure a variety of illnesses and in those abstract investigations known as natural philosophy. The ancient people who are considered the first scientists may have thought of themselves as natural philosophers, as practitioners of a skilled profession (for example, physicians), or as followers of a religious tradition (for example, temple healers).

Q1: Which era was marked by investigating the universe?
A1: Classical Antiquity
Q2: What type of science are making a calendar and finding cures for diseases a part of?
A2: natural philosophy
Q3: What is an example of skilled professionals?
A3: physicians
Q4: What is an example of religious devotee?
A4: temple healers
Q5: What would the first scientists have been considered?
A5: natural philosophers
Royal_assent (History)

In Commonwealth realms other than the UK, royal assent is granted or withheld either by the realm's sovereign or, more frequently, by the representative of the sovereign, the governor-general. In federated realms, assent in each state, province, or territory is granted or withheld by the representatives of the sovereign. In Australia, this is the governors of the states, administrators of the territories, or the governor-general in the Australian Capital Territory. For Canada, this is the lieutenant governors of the provinces. A lieutenant governor may defer assent to the governor general, and the governor general may defer assent to federal bills to the sovereign.

Q1: In Commonwealth realms, who is the representative of the sovereign?
A1: the governor-general
Q2: Who grants royal assent in Canada?
A2: lieutenant governors of the provinces
Q3: In Canada, who is authorized to defer assent and to whom?
A3: A lieutenant governor may defer assent to the governor general, and the governor general may defer assent to federal bills to the sovereign.
Q4: Who grants the royal assent in Commonwealth nations other than the UK?
A4: by the realm's sovereign or, more frequently, by the representative of the sovereign
Protestantism (Philosophy and religion)

In Congregational and Presbyterian churches which profess a traditionally Calvinist or Reformed theology there are differing views regarding present-day continuation or cessation of the gifts (charismata) of the Spirit. Generally, however, Reformed charismatics distance themselves from renewal movements with tendencies which could be perceived as overemotional, such as Word of Faith, Toronto Blessing, Brownsville Revival and Lakeland Revival. Prominent Reformed charismatic denominations are the Sovereign Grace Churches and the Every Nation Churches in the USA, in Great Britain there is the Newfrontiers churches and movement, which leading figure is Terry Virgo.

Q1: Who heads the Newfrontiers movement?
A1: Terry Virgo
Q2: Where is Every Nations Churches located?
A2: USA
Q3: What tendencies do reformed charismatics avoid?
A3: overemotional
Q4: What is a name for gifts of the Spirit?
A4: charismata
Q5: Name the renewal movements which could be considered overemotional.
A5: Word of Faith, Toronto Blessing, Brownsville Revival and Lakeland Revival
Institute_of_technology (Engineering and technology)

In Croatia there are many polytechnic institutes and colleges that offer a polytechnic education. The law about polytechnic education in Croatia was passed in 1997.

Q1: What year did Croatia pass a law regarding polytechnic education?
A1: 1997
Czech_language (Language and literature)

In Czech, nouns and adjectives are declined into one of seven grammatical cases. Nouns are inflected to indicate their use in a sentence. A nominative–accusative language, Czech marks subject nouns with nominative case and object nouns with accusative case. The genitive case marks possessive nouns and some types of movement. The remaining cases (instrumental, locative, vocative and dative) indicate semantic relationships, such as secondary objects, movement or position (dative case) and accompaniment (instrumental case). An adjective's case agrees with that of the noun it describes. When Czech children learn their language's declension patterns, the cases are referred to by number:

Q1: How many grammatical cases can nouns and adjectives be declined into in Czech?
A1: seven
Q2: When are nouns in Czech inflected?
A2: to indicate their use in a sentence
Q3: How does Czech mark subject nouns?
A3: with nominative case
Q4: What nouns does Czech use the accusative case to mark?
A4: object
Q5: What must an adjective's case agree with in Czech?
A5: the noun it describes
Capacitor (Engineering and technology)

In DC circuits and pulsed circuits, current and voltage reversal are affected by the damping of the system. Voltage reversal is encountered in RLC circuits that are under-damped. The current and voltage reverse direction, forming a harmonic oscillator between the inductance and capacitance. The current and voltage will tend to oscillate and may reverse direction several times, with each peak being lower than the previous, until the system reaches an equilibrium. This is often referred to as ringing. In comparison, critically damped or over-damped systems usually do not experience a voltage reversal. Reversal is also encountered in AC circuits, where the peak current will be equal in each direction.

Q1: What is one type of circuit in which voltage and current reversal are affected by damping?
A1: DC circuits
Q2: What is another type of circuit in which voltage and current reversal are affected by damping?
A2: pulsed circuits
Q3: Under what condition does voltage reversal occur in RLC circuits?
A3: under-damped
Q4: What is formed between the inductance and the capacitance when the current and the voltage switch direction?
A4: a harmonic oscillator
Q5: When a system is over-damped, what does it typically not experience?
A5: a voltage reversal
Aspirated_consonant (Language and literature)

In Danish and most southern varieties of German, the "lenis" consonants transcribed for historical reasons as ⟨b d ɡ⟩ are distinguished from their fortis counterparts ⟨p t k⟩, mainly in their lack of aspiration.

Q1: How are lenis consonants distinguished from fortis consonants?
A1: their lack of aspiration
Q2: If the lenis are ⟨b d ɡ⟩, what are the fortis counterparts?
A2: ⟨p t k⟩
On_the_Origin_of_Species (Natural sciences)

In Darwin's time there was no agreed-upon model of heredity; in Chapter I Darwin admitted, "The laws governing inheritance are quite unknown." He accepted a version of the inheritance of acquired characteristics (which after Darwin's death came to be called Lamarckism), and Chapter V discusses what he called the effects of use and disuse; he wrote that he thought "there can be little doubt that use in our domestic animals strengthens and enlarges certain parts, and disuse diminishes them; and that such modifications are inherited", and that this also applied in nature. Darwin stated that some changes that were commonly attributed to use and disuse, such as the loss of functional wings in some island dwelling insects, might be produced by natural selection. In later editions of Origin, Darwin expanded the role attributed to the inheritance of acquired characteristics. Darwin also admitted ignorance of the source of inheritable variations, but speculated they might be produced by environmental factors. However, one thing was clear: whatever the exact nature and causes of new variations, Darwin knew from observation and experiment that breeders were able to select such variations and produce huge differences in many generations of selection. The observation that selection works in domestic animals is not destroyed by lack of understanding of the underlying hereditary mechanism.

Q1: What is the theory that is based on acquired characteristics within a species?
A1: Lamarckism
Q2: What did Darwin learn about about the characteristics of domestic animals?
A2: use in our domestic animals strengthens and enlarges certain parts, and disuse diminishes them
Q3: What did Darwin speculate might be how inheritable variations might come about in a species?
A3: environmental factors
Q4: What did Darwin admit about acquired characteristics in chapter one of On the Origin of Species?
A4: "The laws governing inheritance are quite unknown."
Q5: What did Darwin learn about variations by observing breeders?
A5: breeders were able to select such variations and produce huge differences in many generations of selection
Samurai (Language and literature)

In December 1547, Francis was in Malacca (Malaysia) waiting to return to Goa (India) when he met a low-ranked samurai named Anjiro (possibly spelled "Yajiro"). Anjiro was not an intellectual, but he impressed Xavier because he took careful notes of everything he said in church. Xavier made the decision to go to Japan in part because this low-ranking samurai convinced him in Portuguese that the Japanese people were highly educated and eager to learn. They were hard workers and respectful of authority. In their laws and customs they were led by reason, and, should the Christian faith convince them of its truth, they would accept it en masse.

Q1: Where was Malacca?
A1: Malaysia
Q2: Where was Goa?
A2: India
Q3: Who impressed Xavier by taking notes in church?
A3: Anjiro
Q4: In what language did Anjiro speak to Xavier?
A4: Portuguese
Q5: How did Anjiro think the Japanese would accept Christianity?
A5: en masse
On_the_Origin_of_Species (Natural sciences)

In December 1831, he joined the Beagle expedition as a gentleman naturalist and geologist. He read Charles Lyell's Principles of Geology and from the first stop ashore, at St. Jago, found Lyell's uniformitarianism a key to the geological history of landscapes. Darwin discovered fossils resembling huge armadillos, and noted the geographical distribution of modern species in hope of finding their "centre of creation". The three Fuegian missionaries the expedition returned to Tierra del Fuego were friendly and civilised, yet to Darwin their relatives on the island seemed "miserable, degraded savages", and he no longer saw an unbridgeable gap between humans and animals. As the Beagle neared England in 1836, he noted that species might not be fixed.

Q1: What expedition did Darwin join in 1831?
A1: Beagle expedition
Q2: Who wrote The Principles of Geology?
A2: Charles Lyell
Q3: Where was the first stop of the Beagle Expedition?
A3: St. Jago
Q4: What did some of the fossils Darwin found on St. Jago resemble?
A4: huge armadillos
Q5: What caused Darwin to change his mind about the unbridgeable gap between animals and humans?
A5: their relatives on the island seemed "miserable, degraded savages"
British_Empire (History)

In December 1941, Japan launched, in quick succession, attacks on British Malaya, the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, and Hong Kong. Churchill's reaction to the entry of the United States into the war was that Britain was now assured of victory and the future of the empire was safe, but the manner in which British forces were rapidly defeated in the Far East irreversibly harmed Britain's standing and prestige as an imperial power. Most damaging of all was the fall of Singapore, which had previously been hailed as an impregnable fortress and the eastern equivalent of Gibraltar. The realisation that Britain could not defend its entire empire pushed Australia and New Zealand, which now appeared threatened by Japanese forces, into closer ties with the United States. This resulted in the 1951 ANZUS Pact between Australia, New Zealand and the United States of America.

Q1: Which country attacked British Malaya in 1941?
A1: Japan
Q2: Which country attacked Hong Kong in 1941?
A2: Japan
Q3: When was the ANZUS Pact formed?
A3: 1951
Q4: Which countries were in the ANZUS Pact?
A4: Australia, New Zealand and the United States
Q5: Which territory had been compared to Gibraltar?
A5: Singapore
Dwight_D._Eisenhower (History)

In December 1943, President Roosevelt decided that Eisenhower – not Marshall – would be Supreme Allied Commander in Europe. The following month, he resumed command of ETOUSA and the following month was officially designated as the Supreme Allied Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF), serving in a dual role until the end of hostilities in Europe in May 1945. He was charged in these positions with planning and carrying out the Allied assault on the coast of Normandy in June 1944 under the code name Operation Overlord, the liberation of Western Europe and the invasion of Germany.

Q1: Other than Eisenhower, who was considered for the appointment of Supreme Allied Commander in Europe?
A1: Marshall
Q2: What did SHAEF stand for?
A2: Supreme Allied Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force
Q3: Who appointed Eisenhower as Supreme Allied Commander in Europe?
A3: Roosevelt
Q4: What was the Allied invasion of Normandy called?
A4: Operation Overlord
Q5: When did Operation Overlord take place?
A5: June 1944