LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Economy_of_Greece (Geography and places)

An error sometimes made is the confusion of discussion regarding Greece’s Eurozone entry with the controversy regarding usage of derivatives’ deals with U.S. Banks by Greece and other Eurozone countries to artificially reduce their reported budget deficits. A currency swap arranged with Goldman Sachs allowed Greece to "hide" 2.8 billion Euros of debt, however, this affected deficit values after 2001 (when Greece had already been admitted into the Eurozone) and is not related to Greece’s Eurozone entry.

Q1: What error is sometimes made by tying Greece's Eurozone entry with?
A1: controversy regarding usage of derivatives’ deals
Q2: What banks did Greece use derivatives' deals with?
A2: U.S. Banks
Q3: What was the result of the deals with the U.S. banks?
A3: artificially reduce their reported budget deficits
Q4: How many Euros was Greece able to "hide" because of an arrangement with Goldman Sachs?
A4: 2.8 billion
Q5: Why aren't the deficit values affected by the currency swap with Goldman Sachs relevant to Greece's Eurozone entry?
A5: affected deficit values after 2001
Somalis (Geography and places)

An estimated 20,000 Somalis emigrated to the U.S. state of Minnesota some ten years ago and the Twin Cities (Minneapolis and Saint Paul) now have the highest population of Somalis in North America. The city of Minneapolis hosts hundreds of Somali-owned and operated businesses offering a variety of products, including leather shoes, jewelry and other fashion items, halal meat, and hawala or money transfer services. Community-based video rental stores likewise carry the latest Somali films and music. The number of Somalis has especially surged in the Cedar-Riverside area of Minneapolis.

Q1: Along with Saint Paul, what city constitutes the Twin Cities?
A1: Minneapolis
Q2: About how many Somalis moved to Minnesota ten years ago?
A2: 20,000
Q3: What area of Minneapolis contains a notable number of Somalis?
A3: Cedar-Riverside
Q4: What is hawala?
A4: money transfer services
Q5: What sort of meat is sold in Somali businesses in Minneapolis?
A5: halal
Nutrition (Agriculture, food, and drink)

An example of a state initiative to promote nutrition literacy is Smart Bodies, a public-private partnership between the state’s largest university system and largest health insurer, Louisiana State Agricultural Center and Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Louisiana Foundation. Launched in 2005, this program promotes lifelong healthful eating patterns and physically active lifestyles for children and their families. It is an interactive educational program designed to help prevent childhood obesity through classroom activities that teach children healthful eating habits and physical exercise.

Q1: Smart Bodies is an example of an initiative that was started by what level of government?
A1: state
Q2: What is the goal of Smart Bodies?
A2: to promote nutrition literacy
Q3: The Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Louisiana Foundation joined together with which University to help develop Smart Bodies?
A3: Louisiana State Agricultural Center
Q4: When was the Smart Bodies initiative first released?
A4: 2005
Q5: What does the initiative specifically target?
A5: childhood obesity
Symbiosis (Natural sciences)

An example of mutual symbiosis is the relationship between the ocellaris clownfish that dwell among the tentacles of Ritteri sea anemones. The territorial fish protects the anemone from anemone-eating fish, and in turn the stinging tentacles of the anemone protect the clownfish from its predators. A special mucus on the clownfish protects it from the stinging tentacles.

Q1: What lives with Ritteri sea anemones?
A1: ocellaris clownfish
Q2: What prevents the clownfish from being stung?
A2: A special mucus
Q3: What type of relationship do the clownfish and anemone have?
A3: mutual symbiosis
Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution (History)

An example of the first view is the regulation of attorneys and judges, and the establishment of rules for the conduct of the courts, by the Congress and in the states the legislatures. Although in practice these matters are delegated to the Supreme Court, the Congress holds these powers and delegates them to the Supreme Court only for convenience in light of the Supreme Court's expertise, but can withdraw that delegation at any time.

Q1: Who has congress delegated the responsibility of establishing the rules of conduct for the courts to? 
A1: the Supreme Court
Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution (History)

An example of the second view at the State level is found in the view of the Florida Supreme Court, that only the Florida Supreme Court may license and regulate attorneys appearing before the courts of Florida, and only the Florida Supreme Court may set rules for procedures in the Florida courts.[citation needed] The State of New Hampshire also follows this system.[citation needed]

Q1: Who may license and regulate attorneys in Florida?
A1: the Florida Supreme Court
Q2: Who sets the procedures to be followed in the Florida court system?
A2: the Florida Supreme Court
Emotion (Natural sciences)

An example of this theory in action would be as follows: An emotion-evoking stimulus (snake) triggers a pattern of physiological response (increased heart rate, faster breathing, etc.), which is interpreted as a particular emotion (fear). This theory is supported by experiments in which by manipulating the bodily state induces a desired emotional state. Some people may believe that emotions give rise to emotion-specific actions: e.g. "I'm crying because I'm sad," or "I ran away because I was scared." The issue with the James–Lange theory is that of causation (bodily states causing emotions and being a priori), not that of the bodily influences on emotional experience (which can be argued and is still quite prevalent today in biofeedback studies and embodiment theory).

Q1: In this theory, what action evokes an emotion?
A1: stimulus
Q2: What sort of response does the stimulus cause?
A2: physiological
Q3: How is the stimulus interpreted by the mind?
A3: as a particular emotion
Q4: In the James-Lange theory, what causes emotions?
A4: bodily states
MP3 (Engineering and technology)

An exception is the United States, where patents filed prior to 8 June 1995 expire 17 years after the publication date of the patent, but application extensions make it possible for a patent to issue much later than normally expected (see submarine patents). The various MP3-related patents expire on dates ranging from 2007 to 2017 in the U.S. Patents filed for anything disclosed in ISO CD 11172 a year or more after its publication are questionable. If only the known MP3 patents filed by December 1992 are considered, then MP3 decoding has been patent-free in the US since 22 September 2015 when U.S. Patent 5,812,672 expired which had a PCT filing in October 1992. If the longest-running patent mentioned in the aforementioned references is taken as a measure, then the MP3 technology will be patent-free in the United States on 30 December 2017 when U.S. Patent 5,703,999, held by the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft and administered by Technicolor, expires.

Q1: How long does it take for patents to expire in the United States?
A1: 17 years after the publication date
Q2: A patent issue much later than normally expected can be referred to as what?
A2: submarine patents
Q3: What year is the latest that MP3 related patents will expire on in the United States?
A3: 2017
Q4: Who holds the longest running MP3 patent in the United States?
A4: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Q5: Who administered the longest running MP3 patent in the United States?
A5: Technicolor
Premier_League (Sports and recreation)

An exception to the usual European qualification system happened in 2005, after Liverpool won the Champions League the year before, but did not finish in a Champions League qualification place in the Premier League that season. UEFA gave special dispensation for Liverpool to enter the Champions League, giving England five qualifiers. UEFA subsequently ruled that the defending champions qualify for the competition the following year regardless of their domestic league placing. However, for those leagues with four entrants in the Champions League, this meant that if the Champions League winner finished outside the top four in its domestic league, it would qualify at the expense of the fourth-placed team in the league. No association can have more than four entrants in the Champions League. This occurred in 2012, when Chelsea – who had won the Champions League the previous year, but finished sixth in the league – qualified for the Champions League in place of Tottenham Hotspur, who went into the Europa League.

Q1: Which team did not qualifty for Champions League in 2005 but was able to particpate?
A1: UEFA gave special dispensation for Liverpool to enter the Champions League
Q2: Did the Liverpool Club place in the Champions League in 2005?
A2: in 2005, after Liverpool won the Champions League the year before, but did not finish in a Champions League qualification place
Q3: How many qualifiers did England have for the Champions League in 2005?
A3: UEFA gave special dispensation for Liverpool to enter the Champions League, giving England five qualifiers.
Q4: Do defending champtions get to play in the following year's Champions League if they don't have enough wins to qualify
A4: UEFA subsequently ruled that the defending champions qualify for the competition the following year regardless of their domestic league placing.
Q5: How many winning teams from an association can participate in the Champions League?
A5: No association can have more than four entrants in the Champions League
Q6: Which team received special dispensation from the UEFA in 2005 so they could enter the Champions League?
A6: Liverpool
Q7: Who did UEFA rule should automatically qualify for the Champions League?
A7: the defending champions
Q8: At which team's expense does the previous champion's automatic entry into the Champions League without placing in the top four come?
A8: the fourth-placed team
Q9: In 2012, which team was automatically qualified for the champion's league even though they did not place in the top four?
A9: Chelsea
Q10: Which team was denied entry into the Champions League in 2012 due to being bumped out of the running by the defending champion?
A10: Tottenham Hotspur
Mosaic (Art and architecture)

An exceptionally well preserved, carpet-like mosaic floor was uncovered in 1949 in Bethany, the early Byzantine church of the Lazarium which was built between 333 and 390. Because of its purely geometrical pattern, the church floor is to be grouped with other mosaics of the time in Palestine and neighboring areas, especially the Constantinian mosaics in the central nave at Bethlehem. A second church was built above the older one during the 6th century with another more simple geometric mosaic floor.

Q1: Where would the Byzantine church of the Lazarium be located today?
A1: Bethany
Q2: When was the Byzantine church of the Lazarium constructed?
A2: between 333 and 390
Q3: The mosaic at the Byzantine church of the Lazarium most closely resembles mosaics from which area?
A3: Palestine
Q4: A church was built on top of the Byzantine church of the Lazarium in waht century?
A4: the 6th
Exhibition_game (Sports and recreation)

An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. If the players usually play in different teams in other leagues, exhibition games offer an opportunity for the players to learn to work with each other. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team.

Q1: What is 'a friendly' another term for?
A1: exhibition game
Q2: What is 'a scrimmage' another term for?
A2: exhibition game
Q3: What is 'a demonstration' another term for?
A3: exhibition game
Q4: What is 'a preseason game' another term for?
A4: exhibition game
Q5: What is 'a warmup match' another term for?
A5: exhibition game
Exhibition_game (Sports and recreation)

An exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world. International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.

Q1: What type of exhibition game showcases the best players?
A1: all-star games
Q2: What are exhibition games in the Olympics?
A2: a demonstration sport
Q3: What can an exhibition game raise money for?
A3: charities
Q4: What can an exhibition game settle?
A4: a challenge
Political_corruption (Social sciences and society)

An illustrative example of official involvement in organized crime can be found from 1920s and 1930s Shanghai, where Huang Jinrong was a police chief in the French concession, while simultaneously being a gang boss and co-operating with Du Yuesheng, the local gang ringleader. The relationship kept the flow of profits from the gang's gambling dens, prostitution, and protection rackets undisturbed.[citation needed]

Q1: When was Jinrong a police chief in this area?
A1: 1920s and 1930s
Q2: Who was a local gang ringleader in the same area?
A2: Du Yuesheng
Q3: In addition to being a police chief, Jinrong was also what?
A3: a gang boss
Detroit (Geography and places)

An important civic sculpture in Detroit is "The Spirit of Detroit" by Marshall Fredericks at the Coleman Young Municipal Center. The image is often used as a symbol of Detroit and the statue itself is occasionally dressed in sports jerseys to celebrate when a Detroit team is doing well. A memorial to Joe Louis at the intersection of Jefferson and Woodward Avenues was dedicated on October 16, 1986. The sculpture, commissioned by Sports Illustrated and executed by Robert Graham, is a 24-foot (7.3 m) long arm with a fisted hand suspended by a pyramidal framework.

Q1: Who sculpted the Spirit of Detroit?
A1: Marshall Fredericks
Q2: When was the Joe Louis memorial dedicated?
A2: October 16, 1986
Q3: Who commissioned the Joe Luis memorial?
A3: Sports Illustrated
Q4: Who sculpted the Joe Louis memorial?
A4: Robert Graham
Q5: How long is the Joe Louis memorial?
A5: 24-foot
Tuvalu (Geography and places)

An important creation myth of the islands of Tuvalu is the story of the te Pusi mo te Ali (the Eel and the Flounder) who created the islands of Tuvalu; te Ali (the flounder) is believed to be the origin of the flat atolls of Tuvalu and the te Pusin (the Eel) is the model for the coconut palms that are important in the lives of Tuvaluans. The stories as to the ancestors of the Tuvaluans vary from island to island. On Niutao, Funafuti and Vaitupu the founding ancestor is described as being from Samoa; whereas on Nanumea the founding ancestor is described as being from Tonga.

Q1: What is the creation myth of Tuvalu?
A1: te Pusi mo te Ali
Q2: What does the flounder of the Tuvalu myth represent?
A2: flat atolls
Q3: What does the eel of the Tuvalu creation myth represent?
A3: coconut palms
Q4: From what land did the people of Niutao believe they came?
A4: Samoa
Q5: From where did the people of the island of Nanumea think they came?
A5: Tonga
Estonia (Geography and places)

An important element in Estonia's post-independence reorientation has been closer ties with the Nordic countries, especially Finland and Sweden. Indeed, Estonians consider themselves a Nordic people rather than Balts, based on their historical ties with Sweden, Denmark and particularly Finland. In December 1999, then Estonian foreign minister (and since 2006, president of Estonia) Toomas Hendrik Ilves delivered a speech entitled "Estonia as a Nordic Country" to the Swedish Institute for International Affairs. In 2003, the foreign ministry also hosted an exhibit called "Estonia: Nordic with a Twist".

Q1: What has been a major factor in the restoration of Estonia after winning their independence?
A1: closer ties with the Nordic countries
Q2: When did Toomas Hendrik Ilves deliver his speech?
A2: December 1999
Q3: Who expressed a speech called "Estonia as a Nordic Country"?
A3: Toomas Hendrik Ilves
Q4: What year did the foreign ministry hold an exhibit exploring the Nordic ties of Estonia?
A4: 2003
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

An important guiding principle of Buddhist practice is the Middle Way (or Middle Path), which is said to have been discovered by Gautama Buddha prior to his enlightenment. The Middle Way has several definitions:

Q1: When did Gautama Buddha discover the Middle Way?
A1: prior to his enlightenment
Q2: An important guiding priciple of Buddhist practice is what?
A2: the Middle Way
Q3: Guatama discovered the middle path before his what?
A3: enlightenment
University (Language and literature)

An important idea in the definition of a university is the notion of academic freedom. The first documentary evidence of this comes from early in the life of the first university. The University of Bologna adopted an academic charter, the Constitutio Habita, in 1158 or 1155, which guaranteed the right of a traveling scholar to unhindered passage in the interests of education. Today this is claimed as the origin of "academic freedom". This is now widely recognised internationally - on 18 September 1988, 430 university rectors signed the Magna Charta Universitatum, marking the 900th anniversary of Bologna's foundation. The number of universities signing the Magna Charta Universitatum continues to grow, drawing from all parts of the world.

Q1: In terms of academics what is a core requirement of a university?
A1: academic freedom
Q2: What was the first university?
A2: University of Bologna
Q3: What charter is said to be the first establishing academic freedom in a university?
A3: the Constitutio Habita
Q4: What did the Constitutio Habita say students were allowed?
A4: unhindered passage in the interests of education
Q5: On what date was the Magna Carta Universitatum signed?
A5: 18 September 1988
Phonology (Language and literature)

An important part of traditional, pre-generative schools of phonology is studying which sounds can be grouped into distinctive units within a language; these units are known as phonemes. For example, in English, the "p" sound in pot is aspirated (pronounced [pʰ]) while that in spot is not aspirated (pronounced [p]). However, English speakers intuitively treat both sounds as variations (allophones) of the same phonological category, that is of the phoneme /p/. (Traditionally, it would be argued that if an aspirated [pʰ] were interchanged with the unaspirated [p] in spot, native speakers of English would still hear the same words; that is, the two sounds are perceived as "the same" /p/.) In some other languages, however, these two sounds are perceived as different, and they are consequently assigned to different phonemes. For example, in Thai, Hindi, and Quechua, there are minimal pairs of words for which aspiration is the only contrasting feature (two words can have different meanings but with the only difference in pronunciation being that one has an aspirated sound where the other has an unaspirated one).

Q1: What are the units called that traditional phonology studies?
A1: phonemes
Q2: What is another word for variations?
A2: allophones
Q3: What is the opposite of aspirated?
A3: unaspirated
Lighting (Engineering and technology)

An important property of light fixtures is the luminous efficacy or wall-plug efficiency, meaning the amount of usable light emanating from the fixture per used energy, usually measured in lumen per watt. A fixture using replaceable light sources can also have its efficiency quoted as the percentage of light passed from the "bulb" to the surroundings. The more transparent the lighting fixture is, the higher efficacy. Shading the light will normally decrease efficacy but increase the directionality and the visual comfort probability.

Q1: Luminous efficacy is measure in what unit?
A1: lumen per watt
MP3 (Engineering and technology)

An in-depth study of MP3 audio quality, sound artist and composer Ryan Maguire's project "The Ghost in the MP3" isolates the sounds lost during MP3 compression. In 2015, he released the track "moDernisT" (an anagram of "Tom's Diner"), composed exclusively from the sounds deleted during MP3 compression of the song "Tom's Diner", the track originally used in the formulation of the MP3 standard. A detailed account of the techniques used to isolate the sounds deleted during MP3 compression, along with the conceptual motivation for the project, was published in the 2014 Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference.

Q1: What is the name of the study done by composer Ryan Maguire?
A1: The Ghost in the MP3
Q2: What did the study aim to isolate?
A2: sounds lost during MP3 compression
Q3: What is the track "moDernisT" an anagram of?
A3: Tom's Diner
Q4: Where was an account of the study published?
A4: International Computer Music Conference
Q5: Which year was the study published?
A5: 2014
Incandescent_light_bulb (Engineering and technology)

An incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is an electric light with a wire filament heated to a high temperature, by passing an electric current through it, until it glows with visible light (incandescence). The hot filament is protected from oxidation with a glass or quartz bulb that is filled with inert gas or evacuated. In a halogen lamp, filament evaporation is prevented by a chemical process that redeposits metal vapor onto the filament, extending its life. The light bulb is supplied with electric current by feed-through terminals or wires embedded in the glass. Most bulbs are used in a socket which provides mechanical support and electrical connections.

Q1: What type of energy makes an incandescent light bulb glow?
A1: electric current
Q2: Which part of the incandescent light bulb is heated?
A2: wire filament
Q3: What part of a halogen light bulb supplies electric current?
A3: feed-through terminals or wires embedded in the glass
Q4: What provides the electricity to most light bulbs?
A4: a socket
Q5: Which type of light bulb uses inert gas?
A5: incandescent light bulb
YouTube (Engineering and technology)

An independent test in 2009 uploaded multiple versions of the same song to YouTube, and concluded that while the system was "surprisingly resilient" in finding copyright violations in the audio tracks of videos, it was not infallible. The use of Content ID to remove material automatically has led to controversy in some cases, as the videos have not been checked by a human for fair use. If a YouTube user disagrees with a decision by Content ID, it is possible to fill in a form disputing the decision. YouTube has cited the effectiveness of Content ID as one of the reasons why the site's rules were modified in December 2010 to allow some users to upload videos of unlimited length.

Q1: What was the ultimate view of Content ID's performance after a 2009 test?
A1: surprisingly resilient
Q2: As of 2010 what is the maximum length of a video a user can upload given the proper authority?
A2: unlimited
Q3: How does one dispute the ruling of Content ID?
A3: fill in a form
Q4: What happened to the sites rules in Dec. 2010?
A4: were modified