LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
American_Idol (Music)

In season eight, Latin Grammy Award-nominated singer–songwriter and record producer Kara DioGuardi was added as a fourth judge. She stayed for two seasons and left the show before season ten. Paula Abdul left the show before season nine after failing to agree terms with the show producers. Emmy Award-winning talk show host Ellen DeGeneres replaced Paula Abdul for that season, but left after just one season. On January 11, 2010, Simon Cowell announced that he was leaving the show to pursue introducing the American version of his show The X Factor to the USA for 2011. Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler joined the judging panel in season ten, but both left after two seasons. They were replaced by three new judges, Mariah Carey, Nicki Minaj and Keith Urban, who joined Randy Jackson in season 12. However both Carey and Minaj left after one season, and Randy Jackson also announced that he would depart the show after twelve seasons as a judge but would return as a mentor. Urban is the only judge from season 12 to return in season 13. He was joined by previous judge Jennifer Lopez and former mentor Harry Connick, Jr.. Lopez, Urban and Connick, Jr. all returned as judges for the show's fourteenth and fifteenth seasons.

Q1: Who was added as a fourth judge in the eighth season of American Idol?
A1: Kara DioGuardi
Q2: Who replaced Paula Abdul as a judge in season nine of American Idol?
A2: Ellen DeGeneres
Q3: For how many seasons was Steven Tyler a judge on American Idol?
A3: two
Q4: What year did Simon Cowell announce that he was leaving American Idol?
A4: 2010
Q5: What show did Simon Cowell launch in 2011 after leaving American Idol?
A5: The X Factor
Q6: Who was added as a fourth judge for the eighth season?
A6: Kara DioGuardi
Q7: When did Paula Abdul quit as a judge?
A7: before season nine
Q8: When did Simon Cowell announce he was no longer going to be a judge?
A8: January 11, 2010
Q9: Which talk show host replaced Paula Abdul?
A9: Ellen DeGeneres
Q10: When did Steven Tyler become a judge?
A10: season ten
American_Idol (Music)

In season ten, the total viewer numbers for the first week of shows fell 12–13%, and by up to 23% in the 18–49 demo compared to season nine. Later episodes, however, retained viewers better, and the season ended on a high with a significant increase in viewership for the finale – up 12% for the adults 18–49 demo and a 21% increase in total viewers from the season nine finale. While the overall viewer number has increased this season, its viewer demographics have continued to age year on year – the median age this season was 47.2 compared to a median age of 32.1 in its first season. By the time of the 2010–11 television season, Fox was in its seventh consecutive season of victory overall in the 18–49 demographic ratings in the United States.

Q1: What was the average age of American Idols viewers in its first season? 
A1: 32.1
Q2: What was the average age of American Idols viewers in its tenth season? 
A2: 47.2
Q3: What is the median age of viewers this season?
A3: 47.2
Q4: What was the median age for viewers for season one?
A4: 32.1
American_Idol (Music)

In seasons ten and eleven, a further round was added in Las Vegas, where the contestants perform in groups based on a theme, followed by one final solo round to determine the semi-finalists. At the end of this stage of the competition, 24 to 36 contestants are selected to move on to the semi-final stage. In season twelve the Las Vegas round became a Sudden Death round, where the judges had to choose five guys and five girls each night (four nights) to make the top twenty. In season thirteen, a new round called "Hollywood or Home" was added, where if the judges were uncertain about some contestants, those contestants were required to perform soon after landing in Los Angeles, and those who failed to impress were sent back home before they reached Hollywood.

Q1: In what city did contestants perform an additional round in seasons ten and eleven?
A1: Las Vegas
Q2: What was the Las Vegas round called in season twelve?
A2: Sudden Death
Q3: In which season was the "Hollywood or Home" round added to the competition?
A3: twelve
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 (History)

In separate testimony to Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, officers of Clayton Holdings—the largest residential loan due diligence and securitization surveillance company in the United States and Europe—testified that Clayton's review of over 900,000 mortgages issued from January 2006 to June 2007 revealed that scarcely 54% of the loans met their originators’ underwriting standards. The analysis (conducted on behalf of 23 investment and commercial banks, including 7 "too big to fail" banks) additionally showed that 28% of the sampled loans did not meet the minimal standards of any issuer. Clayton's analysis further showed that 39% of these loans (i.e. those not meeting any issuer's minimal underwriting standards) were subsequently securitized and sold to investors.

Q1: Who was the largest residential loan due diligence and securitization surveillance company?
A1: Clayton Holdings
Q2: According to Clayton Holdings, how many mortgages issued from January 2006 to June 2007 met underwriting standards?
A2: 54%
Q3: How many investment and commercial banks were included in Clayton Holdings' analysis of January 2006 to June 2007 loans? 
A3: 23
Q4: Per Clayton's analysis of loans issued from January 2006 to June 2007, what percent of loans did not meet minimal standards of any issuer?
A4: 28%
Q5: How many mortgage loans did Clayton Holdings review in their analysis?
A5: 900,000
Daylight_saving_time (Engineering and technology)

In several countries, fire safety officials encourage citizens to use the two annual clock shifts as reminders to replace batteries in smoke and carbon monoxide detectors, particularly in autumn, just before the heating and candle season causes an increase in home fires. Similar twice-yearly tasks include reviewing and practicing fire escape and family disaster plans, inspecting vehicle lights, checking storage areas for hazardous materials, reprogramming thermostats, and seasonal vaccinations. Locations without DST can instead use the first days of spring and autumn as reminders.

Q1: There are more fires in the fall and winter because people burn more candles and turn what on to keep warm?
A1: heating
Q2: In addition to smoke detectors, what do fire safety officials suggest people replace batteries in when they set their clocks twice a year?
A2: carbon monoxide detectors
Q3: If your area doesn't observe DST, what can you use instead as a twice-yearly reminder?
A3: the first days of spring and autumn
Q4: What part of your vehicle should you remember to check twice a year?
A4: lights
Q5: What should you check storage spaces in your home for twice-yearly?
A5: hazardous materials
Institute_of_technology (Engineering and technology)

In several countries, like Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Turkey, institutes of technology and polytechnics are institutions of higher education, and have been accredited to award academic degrees and doctorates. Famous examples are the Istanbul Technical University, ETH Zurich, İYTE, Delft University of Technology and RWTH Aachen, all considered universities.[citation needed]

Q1: What kind of institutions do countries like Germany and Switzerland consider institutes of technology to be?
A1: institutions of higher education
Age_of_Enlightenment (Philosophy and religion)

In several nations, rulers welcomed leaders of the Enlightenment at court and asked them to help design laws and programs to reform the system, typically to build stronger national states. These rulers are called "enlightened despots" by historians. They included Frederick the Great of Prussia, Catherine the Great of Russia, Leopold II of Tuscany, and Joseph II of Austria. Joseph was over-enthusiastic, announcing so many reforms that had so little support that revolts broke out and his regime became a comedy of errors and nearly all his programs were reversed. Senior ministers Pombal in Portugal and Struensee in Denmark also governed according to Enlightenment ideals. In Poland, the model constitution of 1791 expressed Enlightenment ideals, but was in effect for only one year as the nation was partitioned among its neighbors. More enduring were the cultural achievements, which created a nationalist spirit in Poland.

Q1: Leaders of the Enlightenment that helped design laws and programs to reform the court system are called what by historians?
A1: enlightened despots
Q2: Which enlightened despot was so over-enthusiastic that revolts broke out and nearly all of his programs were reversed?
A2: Joseph II of Austria
Q3: In what country was the model constitution of 1791 in effect for only one year?
A3: Poland
Q4: From what country was Enlightenment leader Catherine the Great?
A4: Russia
United_States_presidential_election,_2004 (History)

In sheer numbers, Kerry had fewer endorsements than Howard Dean, who was far ahead in the superdelegate race going into the Iowa caucuses in January 2004, although Kerry led the endorsement race in Iowa, New Hampshire, Arizona, South Carolina, New Mexico and Nevada. Kerry's main perceived weakness was in his neighboring state of New Hampshire and nearly all national polls. Most other states did not have updated polling numbers to give an accurate placing for the Kerry campaign before Iowa. Heading into the primaries, Kerry's campaign was largely seen as in trouble, particularly after he fired campaign manager Jim Jordan. The key factors enabling it to survive were when fellow Massachusetts Senator Ted Kennedy assigned Mary Beth Cahill to be the campaign manager, as well as Kerry's mortgaging his own home to lend the money to his campaign (while his wife was a billionaire, campaign finance rules prohibited using one's personal fortune). He also brought on the "magical" Michael Whouley who would be credited with helping bring home the Iowa victory the same as he did in New Hampshire for Al Gore in 2000 against Bill Bradley.

Q1: Who had the least amount of backers, between Kerry and Dean?
A1: Kerry
Q2: Which state was expected to show the least amount of support for Kerry going into the caucuses, before Iowa?
A2: New Hampshire
Q3: What act showed that Kerry's fight for the White House was in trouble?
A3: he fired campaign manager Jim Jordan
Q4: Who took over for Jim Jordon, when he was fired?
A4: Mary Beth Cahill
Q5: What regulation did Kerry not follow to try to save his campaign?
A5: mortgaging his own home to lend the money to his campaign
Data_compression (Engineering and technology)

In signal processing, data compression, source coding, or bit-rate reduction involves encoding information using fewer bits than the original representation. Compression can be either lossy or lossless. Lossless compression reduces bits by identifying and eliminating statistical redundancy. No information is lost in lossless compression. Lossy compression reduces bits by identifying unnecessary information and removing it. The process of reducing the size of a data file is referred to as data compression. In the context of data transmission, it is called source coding (encoding done at the source of the data before it is stored or transmitted) in opposition to channel coding.

Q1: What involves encoding information using fewer bits than the original representation?
A1: data compression
Q2: What can be either lossy or lossless?
A2: Compression
Q3: What reduces bits by identifying and eliminating statistical redundancy? 
A3: Lossless compression
Q4: What is the process called of reducing the size of a data file?
A4: data compression
Q5: What is the process called of encoding at the source of the data before it's processed?
A5: source coding
Alps (Geography and places)

In simple terms the structure of the Alps consists of layers of rock of European, African and oceanic (Tethyan) origin. The bottom nappe structure is of continental European origin, above which are stacked marine sediment nappes, topped off by nappes derived from the African plate. The Matterhorn is an example of the ongoing orogeny and shows evidence of great folding. The tip of the mountain consists of gneisses from the African plate; the base of the peak, below the glaciated area, consists of European basement rock. The sequence of Tethyan marine sediments and their oceanic basement is sandwiched between rock derived from the African and European plates.

Q1: Layers of rock from Europe, Africa and the ocean make up what?
A1: the structure of the Alps
Q2: What is the origin of the bottom nappe structure? 
A2: continental Europe
Q3: Where are the top of the nappes derived from? 
A3: the African plate
Q4: What is an example of the ongoing orogeny?
A4: The Matterhorn
Space_Race (History)

In simple terms, the Cold War could be viewed as an expression of the ideological struggle between communism and capitalism. The United States faced a new uncertainty beginning in September 1949, when it lost its monopoly on the atomic bomb. American intelligence agencies discovered that the Soviet Union had exploded its first atomic bomb, with the consequence that the United States potentially could face a future nuclear war that, for the first time, might devastate its cities. Given this new danger, the United States participated in an arms race with the Soviet Union that included development of the hydrogen bomb, as well as intercontinental strategic bombers and intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) capable of delivering nuclear weapons. A new fear of communism and its sympathizers swept the United States during the 1950s, which devolved into paranoid McCarthyism. With communism spreading in China, Korea, and Eastern Europe, Americans came to feel so threatened that popular and political culture condoned extensive "witch-hunts" to expose communist spies. Part of the American reaction to the Soviet atomic and hydrogen bomb tests included maintaining a large Air Force, under the control of the Strategic Air Command (SAC). SAC employed intercontinental strategic bombers, as well as medium-bombers based close to Soviet airspace (in western Europe and in Turkey) that were capable of delivering nuclear payloads.

Q1: What year did the US lose its monopoly to the atomic bomb?
A1: 1949
Q2: What type of bomb was first developed during the Cold War?
A2: the hydrogen bomb
Q3: ICBMs is an abbreviation for what?
A3: intercontinental strategic bombers and intercontinental ballistic missiles
Q4: The SAC is an abbreviation for what US force?
A4: Strategic Air Command
Q5: During what decade, did a fear of communism oversweep the US?
A5: 1950s
Capacitor (Engineering and technology)

In single phase squirrel cage motors, the primary winding within the motor housing is not capable of starting a rotational motion on the rotor, but is capable of sustaining one. To start the motor, a secondary "start" winding has a series non-polarized starting capacitor to introduce a lead in the sinusoidal current. When the secondary (start) winding is placed at an angle with respect to the primary (run) winding, a rotating electric field is created. The force of the rotational field is not constant, but is sufficient to start the rotor spinning. When the rotor comes close to operating speed, a centrifugal switch (or current-sensitive relay in series with the main winding) disconnects the capacitor. The start capacitor is typically mounted to the side of the motor housing. These are called capacitor-start motors, that have relatively high starting torque. Typically they can have up-to four times as much starting torque than a split-phase motor and are used on applications such as compressors, pressure washers and any small device requiring high starting torques.

Q1: What is the main winding on a squirrel cage motor capable of withstanding?
A1: a rotational motion on the rotor
Q2: What sort of capacitors are used on the second winding of a squirrel cage motor?
A2: series non-polarized starting capacitor
Q3: What does the capacitor on the second winding of a squirrel cage motor do?
A3: introduce a lead in the sinusoidal current
Q4: What does the centrifugal switch do the capacitor when the rotor achieves operating speed?
A4: disconnects the capacitor
Q5: Where is the start capacitor commonly mounted?
A5: to the side of the motor housing
New_York_City (Geography and places)

In soccer, New York City is represented by New York City FC of Major League Soccer, who play their home games at Yankee Stadium. The New York Red Bulls play their home games at Red Bull Arena in nearby Harrison, New Jersey. Historically, the city is known for the New York Cosmos, the highly successful former professional soccer team which was the American home of Pelé, one of the world's most famous soccer players. A new version of the New York Cosmos was formed in 2010, and began play in the second division North American Soccer League in 2013. The Cosmos play their home games at James M. Shuart Stadium on the campus of Hofstra University, just outside the New York City limits in Hempstead, New York.

Q1: What Major League Soccer franchise is based in New York?
A1: New York City FC
Q2: What stadium does the New York City FC call home?
A2: Yankee Stadium
Q3: In what city are the New York Red Bulls based?
A3: Harrison, New Jersey
Q4: What famous soccer player played for the New York Cosmos?
A4: Pelé
Q5: At what institution of higher education is James M. Shuart Stadium located?
A5: Hofstra University
Bacteria (Natural sciences)

In soil, microorganisms that reside in the rhizosphere (a zone that includes the root surface and the soil that adheres to the root after gentle shaking) carry out nitrogen fixation, converting nitrogen gas to nitrogenous compounds. This serves to provide an easily absorbable form of nitrogen for many plants, which cannot fix nitrogen themselves. Many other bacteria are found as symbionts in humans and other organisms. For example, the presence of over 1,000 bacterial species in the normal human gut flora of the intestines can contribute to gut immunity, synthesise vitamins, such as folic acid, vitamin K and biotin, convert sugars to lactic acid (see Lactobacillus), as well as fermenting complex undigestible carbohydrates. The presence of this gut flora also inhibits the growth of potentially pathogenic bacteria (usually through competitive exclusion) and these beneficial bacteria are consequently sold as probiotic dietary supplements.

Q1: Where do bacteria stay in soil?
A1: rhizosphere
Q2: What do bacteria do in soil?
A2: converting nitrogen gas to nitrogenous compounds
Q3: How does the conversion help the vegetation?
A3: provide an easily absorbable form of nitrogen
Q4: What is the amount of bacteria in human intestines?
A4: over 1,000 bacterial species
Q5: How does gut flora prevent growth of pathogenic bacteria?
A5: through competitive exclusion
Daylight_saving_time (Engineering and technology)

In some Muslim countries DST is temporarily abandoned during Ramadan (the month when no food should be eaten between sunrise and sunset), since the DST would delay the evening dinner. Ramadan took place in July and August in 2012. This concerns at least Morocco and Palestine, although Iran keeps DST during Ramadan. Most Muslim countries do not use DST, partially for this reason.

Q1: What do Muslims call the month when they fast between sunup and sundown?
A1: Ramadan
Q2: What would DST delay if observed during the Muslim holy month?
A2: the evening dinner
Q3: What Muslim country continues to observe DST during Ramadan?
A3: Iran
Q4: When was Ramadan in 2012?
A4: July and August
Professional_wrestling (Sports and recreation)

In some cases a wrestler may possess admirable physical traits but perceived mediocre public speaking abilities (such as Brock Lesnar), or their gimmick may be that of a "wild savage" needing a handler (such as Kamala). Such performers have historically employed a manager, who speaks on their behalf and adds to the performance. Managers have sometimes become major personalities, including Bobby Heenan, Paul Heyman, Ernie Roth, and Paul Bearer. A manager role may also be filled by a "valet", typically an appealing female who may participate in love triangle storylines, "damsel in distress" situations, and scripted fights with female wrestlers. Some of these have also gone on to become recognized stars, such as Tammy Lynn Sytch, Stacy Keibler, and Miss Elizabeth.

Q1: Who helps out a wrestler with poor speaking abilities?
A1: manager
Q2: What sometimes happens with managers?
A2: become major personalities
Q3: Who else can perform the manager role?
A3: "valet
Q4: Who might participate in a love triangle story? 
A4: an appealing female
Religion_in_ancient_Rome (History)

In some cases and in some places the edicts were strictly enforced: some Christians resisted and were imprisoned or martyred. Others complied. Some local communities were not only pre-dominantly Christian, but powerful and influential; and some provincial authorities were lenient, notably the Caesar in Gaul, Constantius Chlorus, the father of Constantine I. Diocletian's successor Galerius maintained anti-Christian policy until his deathbed revocation in 311, when he asked Christians to pray for him. "This meant an ofﬁcial recognition of their importance in the religious world of the Roman empire, although one of the tetrarchs, Maximinus Daia, still oppressed Christians in his part of the empire up to 313."

Q1: How were the Roman edicts handled in some areas?
A1: strictly enforced
Q2: In areas of strict enforcement, what happened to Christians?
A2: imprisoned or martyred
Q3: What were some Christian communities?
A3: powerful and influential
Q4: What were some provincial governors in enforcement of the Roman edicts?
A4: lenient
Q5: When did Galerius revoke the anti-Christian policies?
A5: 311
Antenna_(radio) (Engineering and technology)

In some cases this is done in a more extreme manner, not simply to cancel a small amount of residual reactance, but to resonate an antenna whose resonance frequency is quite different from the intended frequency of operation. For instance, a "whip antenna" can be made significantly shorter than 1/4 wavelength long, for practical reasons, and then resonated using a so-called loading coil. This physically large inductor at the base of the antenna has an inductive reactance which is the opposite of the capacitative reactance that such a vertical antenna has at the desired operating frequency. The result is a pure resistance seen at feedpoint of the loading coil; unfortunately that resistance is somewhat lower than would be desired to match commercial coax.[citation needed]

Q1: What can be shorter than 1/4 wavelength long?
A1: whip antenna
Q2: What is the opposite of inductive reactance?
A2: capacitative reactance
Q3: What is at the base of the antenna?
A3: loading coil
Q4: Where is the resistance seen on the loading foil?
A4: feedpoint