LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Premier_League (Sports and recreation)

The league held its first season in 1992–93 and was originally composed of 22 clubs. The first ever Premier League goal was scored by Brian Deane of Sheffield United in a 2–1 win against Manchester United. The 22 inaugural members of the new Premier League were Arsenal, Aston Villa, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, Coventry City, Crystal Palace, Everton, Ipswich Town, Leeds United, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Middlesbrough, Norwich City, Nottingham Forest, Oldham Athletic, Queens Park Rangers, Sheffield United, Sheffield Wednesday, Southampton, Tottenham Hotspur, and Wimbledon. Luton Town, Notts County and West Ham United were the three teams relegated from the old first division at the end of the 1991–92 season, and did not take part in the inaugural Premier League season.

Q1: When did the Premier League hold its first season?
A1: The league held its first season in 1992–93
Q2: Originally, how many clubs did the Premier League have?
A2: was originally composed of 22 clubs.
Q3: Who scored the first ever goal for the Premier League
A3: The first ever Premier League goal was scored by Brian Deane of Sheffield United in a 2–1 win against Manchester United.
Q4: Which blubs were relegated from the old first division at the end of the 1991-1992 season and didn't take part in the first Premier League season?
A4: Luton Town, Notts County and West Ham United were the three teams relegated from the old first division
Q5: In which years were the first season?
A5: 1992–93
Q6: How many clubs originally made up the league?
A6: 22
Q7: Who scored the first goal in the Premier League?
A7: Brian Deane
Q8: For which team was the first goal scored?
A8: Sheffield United
Q9: Against which team was the first goal scored?
A9: Manchester United
Arena_Football_League (Sports and recreation)

The league's 2016 schedule, announced on the league's website on December 10, 2015, shows an eight-team league playing a 16-game regular season over 18 weeks, with two bye weeks for each team, one on a rotational basis and the other a "universal bye" for all teams during the Independence Day weekend, the first weekend in July. All teams will qualify for the postseason, meaning that the regular season will serve only to establish seeding.

Q1: On what date did the league announce its schedule for 2016?
A1: December 10, 2015
Q2: How many teams are active in the AFL for 2016?
A2: eight
Q3: How many regular season games will each team play in 2016?
A3: 16
Q4: How many weeks will the 2016 regular season last?
A4: 18
Q5: On the weekend of what holiday will all teams have a bye?
A5: Independence Day
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States (History)

The legal administration of the death penalty in the United States is complex. Typically, it involves four critical steps: (1) sentencing, (2) direct review, (3) state collateral review, and (4) federal habeas corpus. Recently, a narrow and final fifth level of process – (5) the Section 1983 challenge – has become increasingly important. (Clemency or pardon, through which the Governor or President of the jurisdiction can unilaterally reduce or abrogate a death sentence, is an executive rather than judicial process.) The number of new death sentences handed down peaked in 1995–1996 (309). There were 73 new death sentences handed down in 2014, the lowest number since 1973 (44).

Q1: In the United States, how many important steps are usually present in the administration of capital punishment?
A1: four
Q2: Along with the President, what officeholder can issue pardons?
A2: Governor
Q3: How many death sentences were issued in the period 1995-1996?
A3: 309
Q4: How many capital sentences were given in 1973?
A4: 44
Q5: In what year were there 73 death penalty convictions?
A5: 2014
Planck_constant (Mathematics)

The legal process to change the definition of the kilogram is already underway, but it had been decided that no final decision would be made before the next meeting of the General Conference on Weights and Measures in 2011. (For more detailed information, see kilogram definitions.) The Planck constant is a leading contender to form the basis of the new definition, although not the only one. Possible new definitions include "the mass of a body at rest whose equivalent energy equals the energy of photons whose frequencies sum to 7050135639273999999♠135639274×1042 Hz", or simply "the kilogram is defined so that the Planck constant equals 6966662606895999999♠6.62606896×10−34 J⋅s".

Q1: Where would the decision to change the definition of the kilogram have occured at the earliest?
A1: the General Conference on Weights and Measures in 2011
Q2: Was the Planck constant the only option for redefining the kilogram?
A2: The Planck constant is a leading contender to form the basis of the new definition, although not the only one
Q3: The mass of a resting body with what energy would be equal to a kilogram?
A3: 7050135639273999999♠135639274×1042 Hz
Q4: A kilogram could be definined as having a Planck constant of what value?
A4: 6966662606895999999♠6.62606896×10−34 J⋅s
Roman_Republic (History)

The legal status of Roman citizenship was limited and was a vital prerequisite to possessing many important legal rights such as the right to trial and appeal, to marry, to vote, to hold office, to enter binding contracts, and to special tax exemptions. An adult male citizen with the full complement of legal and political rights was called "optimo jure." The optimo jure elected their assemblies, whereupon the assemblies elected magistrates, enacted legislation, presided over trials in capital cases, declared war and peace, and forged or dissolved treaties. There were two types of legislative assemblies. The first was the comitia ("committees"), which were assemblies of all optimo jure. The second was the concilia ("councils"), which were assemblies of specific groups of optimo jure.

Q1: What was the main requirement of seeking a trial in the Roman courts?
A1: legal status of Roman citizenship
Q2: Who would be expected to oversee a capital case in the Roman courts?
A2: assemblies
Q3: Which designation of people made up the entirety of the members of a comitia?
A3: optimo jure
Q4: Who did the assemblies elected by the optimo jure elect?
A4: magistrates
Q5: What type of assembly could specific groupings of optimo jure be found in?
A5: concilia
Virgil (Language and literature)

The legend of Virgil in his Basket arose in the Middle Ages, and is often seen in art and mentioned in literature as part of the Power of Women literary topos, demonstrating the disruptive force of female attractiveness on men. In this story Virgil became enamoured of a beautiful woman, sometimes described as the emperor's daughter or mistress and called Lucretia. She played him along and agreed to an assignation at her house, which he was to sneak into at night by climbing into a large basket let down from a window. When he did so he was only hoisted halfway up the wall and then left him trapped there into the next day, exposed to public ridicule. The story paralleled that of Phyllis riding Aristotle. Among other artists depicting the scene, Lucas van Leyden made a woodcut and later an engraving.

Q1: During which time period did the legend of Virgil in his Basket arise?
A1: Middle Ages
Q2: What is the name of the beautiful woman who Virgil enamoured?
A2: Lucretia
Q3: Which story did Virgil being left halfway in basket parallel?
A3: Phyllis riding Aristotle
Q4: Which artist made a woodcut and later an engraving of Virgil and his basket?
A4: Lucas van Leyden
Roman_Republic (History)

The legions of the late Republic were, structurally, almost entirely heavy infantry. The legion's main sub-unit was called a cohort and consisted of approximately 480 infantrymen. The cohort was therefore a much larger unit than the earlier maniple sub-unit, and was divided into six centuries of 80 men each. Each century was separated further into 10 "tent groups" of 8 men each. The cavalry troops were used as scouts and dispatch riders rather than battlefield cavalry. Legions also contained a dedicated group of artillery crew of perhaps 60 men. Each legion was normally partnered with an approximately equal number of allied (non-Roman) troops.

Q1: Around how many units could be expected to be contained within a cohort?
A1: 480 infantrymen
Q2: How many troops were placed into each tent group?
A2: 8 men
Q3: Who would now be used as scouts instead of fighting alongside the army in the battlefield?
A3: cavalry troops
Q4: What designation of troops was considered to make up the majority of a legion?
A4: cohort
Bird (Natural sciences)

The length and nature of parental care varies widely amongst different orders and species. At one extreme, parental care in megapodes ends at hatching; the newly hatched chick digs itself out of the nest mound without parental assistance and can fend for itself immediately. At the other extreme, many seabirds have extended periods of parental care, the longest being that of the great frigatebird, whose chicks take up to six months to fledge and are fed by the parents for up to an additional 14 months. The chick guard stage describes the period of breeding during which one of the adult birds is permanently present at the nest after chicks have hatched. The main purpose of the guard stage is to aid offspring to thermoregulate and protect them from predation.

Q1: When does parental care end in megapodes?
A1: at hatching
Q2: What type of seabird has the longest period of parental care?
A2: frigatebird
Q3: What is the period of breeding during which one of the adult birds is always present at the nest?
A3: chick guard stage
Association_football (History)

The length of the pitch for international adult matches is in the range of 100–110 m (110–120 yd) and the width is in the range of 64–75 m (70–80 yd). Fields for non-international matches may be 90–120 m (100–130 yd) length and 45–90 m (50–100 yd) in width, provided that the pitch does not become square. In 2008, the IFAB initially approved a fixed size of 105 m (344 ft) long and 68 m (223 ft) wide as a standard pitch dimension for international matches; however, this decision was later put on hold and was never actually implemented.

Q1: What is the range for the length for international matches in meters?
A1: 100–110 m
Q2: In what year did the IFAB initially approve a fixed size as a standard pitch dimension for international matches?
A2: 2008
Q3: When was the IFAB's decision on the fixed size of the pitch become implemented? 
A3: never
Q4: What is the range for the length of fields for non international matches in meters?
A4: 90–120 m
Q5: What is the range for the width for international matches in meters?
A5: 64–75 m
Hellenistic_period (History)

The level of Hellenistic achievement in astronomy and engineering is impressively shown by the Antikythera mechanism (150–100 BC). It is a 37-gear mechanical computer which computed the motions of the Sun and Moon, including lunar and solar eclipses predicted on the basis of astronomical periods believed to have been learned from the Babylonians. Devices of this sort are not found again until the 10th century, when a simpler eight-geared luni-solar calculator incorporated into an astrolabe was described by the Persian scholar, Al-Biruni.[not in citation given] Similarly complex devices were also developed by other Muslim engineers and astronomers during the Middle Ages.[not in citation given]

Q1: What is the name of the 37 gear computer which noted the motions of the Sun and Moon?
A1: Antikythera mechanism
Q2: Until what century were similar devices like the Antikythera mechanism found?
A2: 10th
Q3: What Persian scholar noted the 10th century calculator similar to the Antikythera mechanism?
A3: Al-Biruni
Q4: What range of years is the Antikythera mechanism thought to have been created?
A4: 150–100 BC
Chihuahua_(state) (History)

The liberal political forces maintained strong control over the state government until shortly after the French Intervention which turned the tables in favor to the conservative forces once again. The intervention had serious repercussions for the state of Chihuahua. President Juárez, in an effort to organize a strong defense against the French, decreed a list of national guard units that every state had to contribute to the Ministry of War and the Navy; Chihuahua was responsible for inducting 2,000 men. Regaining power, Governor Luis Terrazas assigned the First Battalion of Chihuahua for integration into the national army led by General Jesús González Ortega; the battalion was deployed to Puebla. After the defeat of the army in Puebla, the Juárez administration was forced to abandon Mexico City; the president retreated further north seeking refuge in the state of Chihuahua.

Q1: Which political forces maintained strong control over the state until shortly after French intervention?
A1: liberal
Q2: The intervention had serious consequences for which state?
A2: Chihuahua
Q3: Who made an effort to organize a strong defense against the French?
A3: President Juárez
Q4: Who assigned the First Battalion of Chihuahua for integration into the army?
A4: Governor Luis Terrazas
Q5: To where was the battalion first deployed?
A5: Puebla
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects (Art and architecture)

The library is based at two public sites: the Reading Room at the RIBA's headquarters, 66 Portland Place, London; and the RIBA Architecture Study Rooms in the Henry Cole Wing of the V&A. The Reading Room, designed by the building's architect George Grey Wornum and his wife Miriam, retains its original 1934 Art Deco interior with open bookshelves, original furniture and double-height central space. The study rooms, opened in 2004, were designed by Wright & Wright. The library is funded entirely by the RIBA but it is open to the public without charge. It operates a free education programme aimed at students, education groups and families, and an information service for RIBA members and the public through the RIBA Information Centre.

Q1: Where is the Royal Institute Library's Reading Room located?
A1: 66 Portland Place
Q2: Where are RIBA's Study Rooms located?
A2: the Henry Cole Wing of the V&A
Q3: What art style was used inthe design of the Reading Room?
A3: Art Deco
Q4: In what year did the Royal Institute's Reading Rooms open?
A4: 2004
Q5: Who is meant to benefit from teaching provided by the RIBA library?
A5: students, education groups and families
University_of_Notre_Dame (Geography and places)

The library system also includes branch libraries for Architecture, Chemistry & Physics, Engineering, Law, and Mathematics as well as information centers in the Mendoza College of Business, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, and a slide library in O'Shaughnessy Hall. A theology library was also opened in fall of 2015. Located on the first floor of Stanford Hall, it is the first branch of the library system to be housed in a dorm room. The library system holds over three million volumes, was the single largest university library in the world upon its completion, and remains one of the 100 largest libraries in the country.

Q1: In what year did the opening of a theology library at Notre Dame occur?
A1: 2015
Q2: Where is the theology library at Notre Dame?
A2: the first floor of Stanford Hall
Q3: How many books are held by the Notre Dame libraries?
A3: over three million volumes
Q4: Currently where does Notre Dame's library rank in the nation?
A4: one of the 100 largest
University_of_Notre_Dame (Geography and places)

The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life mural designed by artist Millard Sheets. This mural is popularly known as "Touchdown Jesus" because of its proximity to Notre Dame Stadium and Jesus' arms appearing to make the signal for a touchdown.

Q1: How many stories tall is the main library at Notre Dame?
A1: 14
Q2: What is the name of the main library at Notre Dame?
A2: Theodore M. Hesburgh Library
Q3: In what year was the Theodore M. Hesburgh Library at Notre Dame finished?
A3: 1963
Q4: Which artist created the mural on the Theodore M. Hesburgh Library?
A4: Millard Sheets
Q5: What is a common name to reference the mural created by Millard Sheets at Notre Dame?
A5: Touchdown Jesus
Insect (Natural sciences)

The life cycles of insects vary but most hatch from eggs. Insect growth is constrained by the inelastic exoskeleton and development involves a series of molts. The immature stages can differ from the adults in structure, habit and habitat, and can include a passive pupal stage in those groups that undergo 4-stage metamorphosis (see holometabolism). Insects that undergo 3-stage metamorphosis lack a pupal stage and adults develop through a series of nymphal stages. The higher level relationship of the Hexapoda is unclear. Fossilized insects of enormous size have been found from the Paleozoic Era, including giant dragonflies with wingspans of 55 to 70 cm (22–28 in). The most diverse insect groups appear to have coevolved with flowering plants.

Q1: How does the lifecycle of most insects typically begin?
A1: hatch from eggs
Q2: What is the primary constraint on the physical growth of an insect?
A2: inelastic exoskeleton
Q3: What stage of development differentiates a 4-stage metamorphosis from a 3-stage metamorphosis, notably absent in the latter?
A3: pupal stage
Q4: What is the term given to denote the series of stages involved in the development of an adult insect?
A4: nymphal
Q5: What era is attributed to the findings of enormous fossilized dragonflies with extremely long wingspans? 
A5: Paleozoic
Q6: Insects hatch from what?
A6: eggs
Q7: Insects growth is constrained by what?
A7: the inelastic exoskeleton
Q8: An insects developement involves a series of what?
A8: molts
Q9: How many stages of metamorphosis does an insect go through?
A9: 4-stage
Q10: The most diverse insects coevolved with what?
A10: flowering plants
Adolescence (Natural sciences)

The lifestyle of an adolescent in a given culture is profoundly shaped by the roles and responsibilities he or she is expected to assume. The extent to which an adolescent is expected to share family responsibilities is one large determining factor in normative adolescent behavior. For instance, adolescents in certain cultures are expected to contribute significantly to household chores and responsibilities. Household chores are frequently divided into self-care tasks and family-care tasks. However, specific household responsibilities for adolescents may vary by culture, family type, and adolescent age. Some research has shown that adolescent participation in family work and routines has a positive influence on the development of an adolescent's feelings of self-worth, care, and concern for others.

Q1: Does adolescent participation in family work and routines have a positive or negative influence on feelings of self-worth, care, and concern for others?
A1: positive
Q2: What is one large determining factor in normative adolescent behavior?
A2: The extent to which an adolescent is expected to share family responsibilities
Q3: How are household chores frequently divided?
A3: self-care tasks and family-care tasks
Botany (Natural sciences)

The light energy captured by chlorophyll a is initially in the form of electrons (and later a proton gradient) that's used to make molecules of ATP and NADPH which temporarily store and transport energy. Their energy is used in the light-independent reactions of the Calvin cycle by the enzyme rubisco to produce molecules of the 3-carbon sugar glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is the first product of photosynthesis and the raw material from which glucose and almost all other organic molecules of biological origin are synthesized. Some of the glucose is converted to starch which is stored in the chloroplast. Starch is the characteristic energy store of most land plants and algae, while inulin, a polymer of fructose is used for the same purpose in the sunflower family Asteraceae. Some of the glucose is converted to sucrose (common table sugar) for export to the rest of the plant.

Q1: What is the function of ATP and NADPH molecules?
A1: store and transport energy
Q2: When is the raw form of glucose formed?
A2: first product of photosynthesis
Q3: What is stored in the chloroplast?
A3: starch
Q4: What is used instead of glucose in sunflowers?
A4: fructose
Q5: Why is table sugar produced?
A5: for export to the rest of the plant
Light-emitting_diode (Engineering and technology)

The light from LEDs can be modulated very quickly so they are used extensively in optical fiber and free space optics communications. This includes remote controls, such as for TVs, VCRs, and LED Computers, where infrared LEDs are often used. Opto-isolators use an LED combined with a photodiode or phototransistor to provide a signal path with electrical isolation between two circuits. This is especially useful in medical equipment where the signals from a low-voltage sensor circuit (usually battery-powered) in contact with a living organism must be electrically isolated from any possible electrical failure in a recording or monitoring device operating at potentially dangerous voltages. An optoisolator also allows information to be transferred between circuits not sharing a common ground potential.

Q1: Where are LEDs often used?
A1: free space optics communications
Q2: What is an example of a device that uses free space optic communications?
A2: remote controls
Q3: What does an optoisolator do?
A3: allows information to be transferred between circuits not sharing a common ground potential
Q4: Where are opto-isolators found?
A4: medical equipment
Q5: In what common household item can you find infrared LEDs?
A5: LED Computers
High-definition_television (Engineering and technology)

The limited standardization of analog HDTV in the 1990s did not lead to global HDTV adoption as technical and economic constraints at the time did not permit HDTV to use bandwidths greater than normal television.

Q1: What constraints kept HDTV from being widely adopted in the 90's?
A1: technical and economic
Q2: What was HDTV not permitted to do in the 90's?
A2: use bandwidths greater than normal television
Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) (Philosophy and religion)

The line of imams of the Mustali Ismaili Shia Muslims (also known as the Bohras/Dawoodi Bohra) continued up to Aamir ibn Mustali. After his death, they believe their 21st Imam Taiyab abi al-Qasim went into a Dawr-e-Satr (period of concealment) that continues to this day. In the absence of an imam they are led by a Dai-al-Mutlaq (absolute missionary) who manages the affairs of the Imam-in-Concealment until re-emergence of the Imam from concealment. Dawoodi Bohra's present 53rd Da'i al-Mutlaq is His Holiness Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin (TUS) who succeeded his predessor the 52nd Da'i al-Mutlaq His Holiness Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin (RA). Furthermore, there has been a split in the Dawoodi Bohra sect which has led to the formation of Qutbi Bohra sect which was formed and led by Khuzaima Qutbuddin.

Q1: What are the Mustali Ismaili Shia Muslims also known as?
A1: Bohras/Dawoodi Bohra
Q2: What do Bohras believe happened to Taiyab abi al-qasim?
A2: went into a Dawr-e-Satr
Q3: Who are the Bohras led by in the absence of an imam?
A3: Dai-al-Mutlaq
Q4: What does a Dai-al-Mutlaq do?
A4: manages the affairs of the Imam
Q5: Who is Dawoodi Bohra's present 53rd Da'i al-Butlaq?
A5: Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin