LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
The_Bronx (Geography and places)

The northern side of the borough includes the largest park in New York City—Pelham Bay Park, which includes Orchard Beach—and the fourth largest, Van Cortlandt Park, which is west of Woodlawn Cemetery and borders Yonkers. Also in the northern Bronx, Wave Hill, the former estate of George W. Perkins—known for a historic house, gardens, changing site-specific art installations and concerts—overlooks the New Jersey Palisades from a promontory on the Hudson in Riverdale. Nearer the borough's center, and along the Bronx River, is Bronx Park; its northern end houses the New York Botanical Gardens, which preserve the last patch of the original hemlock forest that once covered the entire county, and its southern end the Bronx Zoo, the largest urban zoological gardens in the United States. Just south of Van Cortlandt Park is the Jerome Park Reservoir, surrounded by 2 miles (3 km) of stone walls and bordering several small parks in the Bedford Park neighborhood; the reservoir was built in the 1890s on the site of the former Jerome Park Racetrack. Further south is Crotona Park, home to a 3.3-acre (1.3 ha) lake, 28 species of trees, and a large swimming pool. The land for these parks, and many others, was bought by New York City in 1888, while land was still open and inexpensive, in anticipation of future needs and future pressures for development.

Q1: When did NYC buy land for its parks?
A1: 1888
Q2: How many types of trees are in Crotona Park?
A2: 28
Q3: How large is Crotona Park's lake?
A3: 3.3-acre
Q4: When was the Jerome Park Reservoir built?
A4: in the 1890s
Q5: What do the NY Botanical Gardens preserve?
A5: the last patch of the original hemlock forest that once covered the entire county
Geological_history_of_Earth (Natural sciences)

The northern supercontinent of Laurasia began to break up, as Europe, Greenland and North America drifted apart. In western North America, mountain building started in the Eocene, and huge lakes formed in the high flat basins among uplifts. In Europe, the Tethys Sea finally vanished, while the uplift of the Alps isolated its final remnant, the Mediterranean, and created another shallow sea with island archipelagos to the north. Though the North Atlantic was opening, a land connection appears to have remained between North America and Europe since the faunas of the two regions are very similar. India continued its journey away from Africa and began its collision with Asia, creating the Himalayan orogeny.

Q1: during which period did mountains form in the western part of North America?
A1: Eocene
Q2: What began to form in the flat basins in North America during the Eocene?
A2: huge lakes
Q3: In the Eocene, in Europe, which sea ceased to be?
A3: Tethys Sea
Q4: The Mediterranean sea is a remaining part of which sea from the Eocene?
A4: Tethys Sea
Q5: Which oregeny was created when India collided with Asia?
A5: the Himalayan orogeny
Punjab,_Pakistan (Geography and places)

The northwestern part of the South Asia, including Punjab, was repeatedly invaded or conquered by various foreign empires, such as those of Tamerlane, Alexander the Great and Genghis Khan. Having conquered Drangiana, Arachosia, Gedrosia and Seistan in ten days, Alexander crossed the Hindu Kush and was thus fully informed of the magnificence of the country and its riches in gold, gems and pearls. However, Alexander had to encounter and reduce the tribes on the border of Punjab before entering the luxuriant plains. Having taken a northeasterly direction, he marched against the Aspii (mountaineers), who offered vigorous resistance, but were subdued.[citation needed] Alexander then marched through Ghazni, blockaded Magassa, and then marched to Ora and Bazira. Turning to the northeast, Alexander marched to Pucela, the capital of the district now known as Pakhli. He entered Western Punjab, where the ancient city of Nysa (at the site of modern-day Mong) was situated. A coalition was formed against Alexander by the Cathians, the people of Multan, who were very skilful in war. Alexander invested many troops, eventually killing seventeen thousand Cathians in this battle, and the city of Sagala (present-day Sialkot) was razed to the ground. Alexander left Punjab in 326 B.C. and took his army to the heartlands of his empire.[citation needed]

Q1: Where did Alexander the Great conquer in 10 days?
A1: Drangiana, Arachosia, Gedrosia and Seistan
Q2: What wealth did Alexander hope to find?
A2: riches in gold, gems and pearls
Q3: From which direction did Alexander enter Punjab?
A3: northeasterly
Q4: Who were the Aspii?
A4: mountaineers
Q5: Who were the Cathians?
A5: the people of Multan
Rajasthan (Geography and places)

The northwestern portion of Rajasthan is generally sandy and dry. Most of this region are covered by the Thar Desert which extends into adjoining portions of Pakistan. The Aravalli Range does not intercept the moisture-giving southwest monsoon winds off the Arabian Sea, as it lies in a direction parallel to that of the coming monsoon winds, leaving the northwestern region in a rain shadow. The Thar Desert is thinly populated; the town of Jodhpur is the largest city in the desert and known as the gateway of thar desert. The desert has some major districts like Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner and Nagour. This area is also important defence point of view. Jodhpur airbase is Indias largest airbase and military, BSF bases are also situated here. A single civil airport is also situated in Jodhpur. The Northwestern thorn scrub forests lie in a band around the Thar Desert, between the desert and the Aravallis. This region receives less than 400 mm of rain in an average year. Temperatures can exceed 48 °C in the summer months and drop below freezing in the winter. The Godwar, Marwar, and Shekhawati regions lie in the thorn scrub forest zone, along with the city of Jodhpur. The Luni River and its tributaries are the major river system of Godwar and Marwar regions, draining the western slopes of the Aravallis and emptying southwest into the great Rann of Kutch wetland in neighboring Gujarat. This river is saline in the lower reaches and remains potable only up to Balotara in Barmer district. The Ghaggar River, which originates in Haryana, is an intermittent stream that disappears into the sands of the Thar Desert in the northern corner of the state and is seen as a remnant of the primitive Saraswati river.

Q1: Dry and sandy conditions are indicative of which region of Rajasthan? 
A1: The northwestern portion
Q2: Which desert is in the northwestern part of Rajasthan?
A2: the Thar Desert
Q3: What is the most populous city in the Thar Desert?
A3: Jodhpur
Q4: What are the names of the major districts of the Thar?
A4: Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner and Nagour
Q5: Rainfall in the Thar Desert region is less than what amount each year on avarage?
A5: 400 mm
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay (Sports and recreation)

The noted Indian social activist and a retired Indian Police Service (IPS) officer Kiran Bedi refused to participate saying "she doesn’t want to run in the event as ‘caged woman’." On April 15, Bollywood actress Soha Ali Khan pulled out of the Olympic torch relay, citing “very strong personal reasons”. On April 16, a protest was organised in Delhi "against Chinese repression in Tibet", and was broken up by the police.

Q1: Who did not want to participate in the relay as 'caged woman'?
A1: Kiran Bedi
Q2: Where was Bedi retired from?
A2: Indian Police Service
Q3: Which actress decided to not participate on April 15?
A3: Soha Ali Khan
Q4: When did a protest in Delhi occur to protest against Chinese repression in Tibet?
A4: April 16
Q5: What retired police officer refused to carry the torch in India?
A5: Kiran Bedi
Q6: What actress removed herself from participation in the relay?
A6: Soha Ali Khan
Q7: Where was a protest organized about the Olympic relay in India?
A7: Delhi
Q8: Who disbanded the protest in Delhi?
A8: police.
Q9: The retired police officer said she would not run as what?
A9: caged woman
Israel (History)

The notion of the "Land of Israel", known in Hebrew as Eretz Yisrael, has been important and sacred to the Jewish people since Biblical times. According to the Torah, God promised the land to the three Patriarchs of the Jewish people. On the basis of scripture, the period of the three Patriarchs has been placed somewhere in the early 2nd millennium BCE, and the first Kingdom of Israel was established around the 11th century BCE. Subsequent Israelite kingdoms and states ruled intermittently over the next four hundred years, and are known from various extra-biblical sources.

Q1: What is the "Land of Israel" known as in Hebrew?
A1: Eretz Yisrael
Q2: According to the Torah, God promised the land to how many people?
A2: three
Q3: When was the first Kingdom of Israel established?
A3: early 2nd millennium BCE
Szlachta (History)

The notion that all Polish nobles were social equals, regardless of their financial status or offices held, is enshrined in a traditional Polish saying:

Q1: What was the notion for all polish nobles?
A1: social equals
Q2: What ethnic saying is this traditional from?
A2: Polish saying
Q3: Did it matter how much money a person had to polish nobles?
A3: regardless of their financial status
To_Kill_a_Mockingbird (Language and literature)

The novel exposes the loss of innocence so frequently that reviewer R. A. Dave claims that because every character has to face, or even suffer defeat, the book takes on elements of a classical tragedy. In exploring how each character deals with his or her own personal defeat, Lee builds a framework to judge whether the characters are heroes or fools. She guides the reader in such judgments, alternating between unabashed adoration and biting irony. Scout's experience with the Missionary Society is an ironic juxtaposition of women who mock her, gossip, and "reflect a smug, colonialist attitude toward other races" while giving the "appearance of gentility, piety, and morality". Conversely, when Atticus loses Tom's case, he is last to leave the courtroom, except for his children and the black spectators in the colored balcony, who rise silently as he walks underneath them, to honor his efforts.

Q1: Reviewer R. A. Dave classified the novel how?
A1: classical tragedy
To_Kill_a_Mockingbird (Language and literature)

The novel has been noted for its poignant exploration of different forms of courage. Scout's impulsive inclination to fight students who insult Atticus reflects her attempt to stand up for him and defend him. Atticus is the moral center of the novel, however, and he teaches Jem one of the most significant lessons of courage. In a statement that foreshadows Atticus' motivation for defending Tom Robinson and describes Mrs. Dubose, who is determined to break herself of a morphine addiction, Atticus tells Jem that courage is "when you're licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what".

Q1: Mrs. Dubose suffers from an addiction to what?
A1: morphine
Q2: Who is the moral center of the novel?
A2: Atticus
Q3: The novel explores various forms of what trait?
A3: courage
To_Kill_a_Mockingbird (Language and literature)

The novel is cited as a factor in the success of the civil rights movement in the 1960s, however, in that it "arrived at the right moment to help the South and the nation grapple with the racial tensions (of) the accelerating civil rights movement". Its publication is so closely associated with the Civil Rights Movement that many studies of the book and biographies of Harper Lee include descriptions of important moments in the movement, despite the fact that she had no direct involvement in any of them. Civil Rights leader Andrew Young comments that part of the book's effectiveness is that it "inspires hope in the midst of chaos and confusion" and by using racial epithets portrays the reality of the times in which it was set. Young views the novel as "an act of humanity" in showing the possibility of people rising above their prejudices. Alabama author Mark Childress compares it to the impact of Uncle Tom's Cabin, a book that is popularly implicated in starting the U.S. Civil War. Childress states the novel "gives white Southerners a way to understand the racism that they've been brought up with and to find another way. And most white people in the South were good people. Most white people in the South were not throwing bombs and causing havoc ... I think the book really helped them come to understand what was wrong with the system in the way that any number of treatises could never do, because it was popular art, because it was told from a child's point of view." 

Q1: What movement in the '60s did the novel help spark?
A1: civil rights movement
Q2: Which book was credited with sparking the US Civil War?
A2: Uncle Tom's Cabin
Q3: What other book did Mark Childress compare it to?
A3: Uncle Tom's Cabin
To_Kill_a_Mockingbird (Language and literature)

The novel is renowned for its warmth and humor, despite dealing with the serious issues of rape and racial inequality. The narrator's father, Atticus Finch, has served as a moral hero for many readers and as a model of integrity for lawyers. One critic explains the novel's impact by writing, "In the twentieth century, To Kill a Mockingbird is probably the most widely read book dealing with race in America, and its protagonist, Atticus Finch, the most enduring fictional image of racial heroism."

Q1: What two serious moral issues are dealt with in the novel?
A1: rape and racial inequality
Q2: Who is the protagonist of the novel?
A2: Atticus Finch
Gene (Natural sciences)

The nucleotide sequence of a gene's DNA specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein through the genetic code. Sets of three nucleotides, known as codons, each correspond to a specific amino acid.:6 Additionally, a "start codon", and three "stop codons" indicate the beginning and end of the protein coding region. There are 64 possible codons (four possible nucleotides at each of three positions, hence 43 possible codons) and only 20 standard amino acids; hence the code is redundant and multiple codons can specify the same amino acid. The correspondence between codons and amino acids is nearly universal among all known living organisms.

Q1: What specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein?
A1: The nucleotide sequence of a gene's DNA
Q2: What are sets of three nucleotides known as?
A2: codons
Q3: What does each codon correspond to?
A3: a specific amino acid
Q4: What indicates the beginning and end of the protein coding region?
A4: a "start codon", and three "stop codons"
Q5: How many possible codons are there?
A5: There are 64 possible codons (four possible nucleotides at each of three positions, hence 43 possible codons)
Biodiversity (Natural sciences)

The number and variety of plants, animals and other organisms that exist is known as biodiversity. It is an essential component of nature and it ensures the survival of human species by providing food, fuel, shelter, medicines and other resources to mankind. The richness of biodiversity depends on the climatic conditions and area of the region. All species of plants taken together are known as flora and about 70,000 species of plants are known till date. All species of animals taken together are known as fauna which includes birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, insects, crustaceans, molluscs, etc.

Q1: What term describes the number and variety of plants, animals and other organisms in existence?
A1: biodiversity
Q2: What ensures the survival of human species by providing food, shelter, other resources to mankind?
A2: biodiversity
Q3: What influences richness of biodiversity?
A3: the climatic conditions and area of the region
Q4: What term describes all the species of plants in existence?
A4: flora
FA_Cup (Sports and recreation)

The number of entrants has increased greatly in recent years. In the 2004–05 season, 660 clubs entered the competition, beating the long-standing record of 656 from the 1921–22 season. In 2005–06 this increased to 674 entrants, in 2006–07 to 687, in 2007–08 to 731 clubs, and for the 2008–09 and 2009–10 competitions it reached 762. The number has varied slightly but remained roughly stable since then, with 759 clubs participating in 2010–11, a record 763 in 2011–12, 758 for 2012–13, 737 for 2013–14 and 736 for 2014–15. By comparison, the other major English domestic cup, the League Cup, involves only the 92 members of the Premier League and Football League.

Q1: Has the number of entrants stayed the same? 
A1: The number of entrants has increased greatly in recent years
Q2: How many clubs entered in 2004-05?
A2: 660 clubs entered the competition
Q3: How many clubs entered in 2005-06?
A3: 674
Q4: How many clubs entered in 2006-07?
A4: 687
Q5: How many clubs entered in 2007-08?
A5: 731
Pub (History)

The number of pubs in the UK has declined year on year, at least since 1982. Various reasons are put forward for this, such as the failure of some establishments to keep up with customer requirements. Others claim the smoking ban of 2007, intense competition from gastro-pubs, the availability of cheap alcohol in supermarkets or the general economic climate are either to blame, or are factors in the decline. Changes in demographics may be an additional factor.

Q1: When was a smoking ban passed in the United Kingdom?
A1: 2007
Q2: In what year did the number of United Kingdom pubs generally start to decline?
A2: 1982
Q3: Competition from what new form of establishment is sometimes blamed for the decline of pubs?
A3: gastro-pubs
Q4: What business that sells cheap alcohol has sometimes been held to have resulted in the decline of pubs?
A4: supermarkets
Philadelphia (History)

The number of shootings in the city has declined significantly in the last 10 years. Shooting incidents peaked in 2006 when 1,857 shootings were recorded. That number has dropped 44 percent to 1,047 shootings in 2014. Similarly, major crimes in the city has decreased gradually in the last ten years since its peak in 2006 when 85,498 major crimes were reported. In the past three years, the number of reported major crimes fell 11 percent to a total of 68,815. Violent crimes, which include homicide, rape, aggravated assault, and robbery, decreased 14 percent in the past three years with a reported 15,771 occurrences in 2014. Based on the rate of violent crimes per 1,000 residents in American cities with 25,000 people or more, Philadelphia was ranked as the 54th most dangerous city in 2015.

Q1: When did shootings peak in the city?
A1: 2006
Q2: How many shootings were there in that year?
A2: 1,857
Q3: Has violent crime rate fallen or risen in the last 10 years?
A3: fell
Q4: What rank in danger does Philadelphia have in the U.S.?
A4: 54th
Biodiversity (Natural sciences)

The number of species invasions has been on the rise at least since the beginning of the 1900s. Species are increasingly being moved by humans (on purpose and accidentally). In some cases the invaders are causing drastic changes and damage to their new habitats (e.g.: zebra mussels and the emerald ash borer in the Great Lakes region and the lion fish along the North American Atlantic coast). Some evidence suggests that invasive species are competitive in their new habitats because they are subject to less pathogen disturbance. Others report confounding evidence that occasionally suggest that species-rich communities harbor many native and exotic species simultaneously while some say that diverse ecosystems are more resilient and resist invasive plants and animals. An important question is, "do invasive species cause extinctions?" Many studies cite effects of invasive species on natives, but not extinctions. Invasive species seem to increase local (i.e.: alpha diversity) diversity, which decreases turnover of diversity (i.e.: beta diversity). Overall gamma diversity may be lowered because species are going extinct because of other causes, but even some of the most insidious invaders (e.g.: Dutch elm disease, emerald ash borer, chestnut blight in North America) have not caused their host species to become extinct. Extirpation, population decline, and homogenization of regional biodiversity are much more common. Human activities have frequently been the cause of invasive species circumventing their barriers, by introducing them for food and other purposes. Human activities therefore allow species to migrate to new areas (and thus become invasive) occurred on time scales much shorter than historically have been required for a species to extend its range.

Q1: What century started the increase of species invasions?
A1: 1900s
Q2: Who intentionally and unintentionally moves species around?
A2: humans
Q3: What invaders are causing changes in the Great Lakes region?
A3: zebra mussels and the emerald ash borer
Q4: What invaders are causing changes along the North American Atlantic coast?
A4: lion fish
Flowering_plant (Natural sciences)

The number of species of flowering plants is estimated to be in the range of 250,000 to 400,000. This compares to around 12,000 species of moss or 11,000 species of pteridophytes, showing that the flowering plants are much more diverse. The number of families in APG (1998) was 462. In APG II (2003) it is not settled; at maximum it is 457, but within this number there are 55 optional segregates, so that the minimum number of families in this system is 402. In APG III (2009) there are 415 families.

Q1: What is the estimated range for the number of flowering plants?
A1: 250,000 to 400,000
Q2: How many species of moss is there?
A2: 12,000
Q3: What does the large number of flowering plant species indicate is true of them in general?
A3: diverse
Q4: What are the minimum number of families in the APG system?
A4: 402
Q5: How many families are in AGP III?
A5: 415
List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan (Geography and places)

The numbered streets carry crosstown traffic. In general, even-numbered streets are one-way eastbound and odd-numbered streets are one-way west. Several exceptions reverse this. Most wider streets carry two-way traffic, as do a few of the narrow ones.

Q1: Which streets are one-way eastbound?
A1: even-numbered
Q2: Odd-numbered streets are one-way in which direction?
A2: west
Q3: Do most wide streets carry one-way or two-way traffic?
A3: two-way
Appalachian_Mountains (Geography and places)

The oak forests of the southern and central Appalachians consist largely of black, northern red, white, chestnut and scarlet oaks (Quercus velutina, Q. rubra, Q. alba, Q. prinus and Q. coccinea) and hickories, such as the pignut (Carya glabra) in particular. The richest forests, which grade into mesic types, usually in coves and on gentle slopes, have dominantly white and northern red oaks, while the driest sites are dominated by chestnut oak, or sometimes by scarlet or northern red oaks. In the northern Appalachians the oaks, except for white and northern red, drop out, while the latter extends farthest north.

Q1: What kind of oaks are in the central and southern portions?
A1: black, northern red, white, chestnut and scarlet oaks
Q2: What other tree is common there?
A2: hickories
Q3: What trees are located in drier portions?
A3: chestnut oak