LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Hard_rock (Music)

The term "retro-metal" has been applied to such bands as Texas based The Sword, California's High on Fire, Sweden's Witchcraft and Australia's Wolfmother. Wolfmother's self-titled 2005 debut album combined elements of the sounds of Deep Purple and Led Zeppelin. Fellow Australians Airbourne's début album Runnin' Wild (2007) followed in the hard riffing tradition of AC/DC. England's The Darkness' Permission to Land (2003), described as an "eerily realistic simulation of '80s metal and '70s glam", topped the UK charts, going quintuple platinum. The follow-up, One Way Ticket to Hell... and Back (2005), reached number 11, before the band broke up in 2006. Los Angeles band Steel Panther managed to gain a following by sending up 80s glam metal. A more serious attempt to revive glam metal was made by bands of the sleaze metal movement in Sweden, including Vains of Jenna, Hardcore Superstar and Crashdïet.

Q1: When did the band The Darkness break up?
A1: 2006
Q2: The Sword, High on Fire, Witchcraft and Wolfmother are all examples of what hard rock sub-genre?
A2: retro-metal
Q3: What is the title of Airbourne's debut lp?
A3: Runnin' Wild
Q4: Glam metal band Steel Panther is from what city?
A4: Los Angeles
Q5: What are some Swedish sleaze metal revivalist bands?
A5: Vains of Jenna, Hardcore Superstar and Crashdïet
Appalachian_Mountains (Geography and places)

The term Appalachian refers to several different regions associated with the mountain range. Most broadly, it refers to the entire mountain range with its surrounding hills and the dissected plateau region. The term is often used more restrictively to refer to regions in the central and southern Appalachian Mountains, usually including areas in the states of Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, Maryland, West Virginia, and North Carolina, as well as sometimes extending as far south as northern Alabama, Georgia and western South Carolina, and as far north as Pennsylvania, southern Ohio and parts of southern upstate New York.

Q1: What does the term Appalachian refer to?
A1: several different regions associated with the mountain range
Q2: What states comprise of the southern Appalachian mountains?
A2: Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, Maryland, West Virginia, and North Carolina
Ashkenazi_Jews (History)

The term Ashkenazi also refers to the nusach Ashkenaz (Hebrew, "liturgical tradition", or rite) used by Ashkenazi Jews in their Siddur (prayer book). A nusach is defined by a liturgical tradition's choice of prayers, order of prayers, text of prayers and melodies used in the singing of prayers. Two other major forms of nusach among Ashkenazic Jews are Nusach Sefard (not to be confused with the Sephardic ritual), which is the general Polish Hasidic nusach, and Nusach Ari, as used by Lubavitch Hasidim.

Q1: What is the Siddur?
A1: prayer book
Q2: The term Ashkenazi also refers to what?
A2: the nusach Ashkenaz
Q3: The nusach Ashkenaz refers to what in Hebrew?
A3: "liturgical tradition", or rite
Q4: Two other major forms of nusach among Ashkenazic Jews are what?
A4: Nusach Sefard (not to be confused with the Sephardic ritual), which is the general Polish Hasidic nusach, and Nusach Ari
Q5: Nusach Ari is used by whom?
A5: Lubavitch Hasidim
British_Isles (Geography and places)

The term British Isles is controversial in Ireland, where there are objections to its usage due to the association of the word British with Ireland. The Government of Ireland does not recognise or use the term and its embassy in London discourages its use. As a result, Britain and Ireland is used as an alternative description, and Atlantic Archipelago has had limited use among a minority in academia, although British Isles is still commonly employed. Within them, they are also sometimes referred to as these islands.

Q1: Why is the name the British Isles disputed in Ireland?
A1: association of the word British
Q2: Does the Government of Ireland use the British Isle term?
A2: does not recognise or use the term
Q3: What is the alternative name that Government of Ireland uses instead of British Isles?
A3: Atlantic Archipelago
Q4: Does the Government of Ireland's London embassy use the name British Isles?
A4: its embassy in London discourages its use
Carnival (Philosophy and religion)

The term Carnival is traditionally used in areas with a large Catholic presence. However, the Philippines, a predominantly Roman Catholic country, does not celebrate Carnival anymore since the dissolution of the Manila Carnival after 1939, the last carnival in the country. In historically Lutheran countries, the celebration is known as Fastelavn, and in areas with a high concentration of Anglicans and Methodists, pre-Lenten celebrations, along with penitential observances, occur on Shrove Tuesday. In Eastern Orthodox nations, Maslenitsa is celebrated during the last week before Great Lent. In German-speaking Europe and the Netherlands, the Carnival season traditionally opens on 11/11 (often at 11:11 a.m.). This dates back to celebrations before the Advent season or with harvest celebrations of St. Martin's Day.

Q1: The term Carnival is very common in areas with a large presence of which religious sect?
A1: Catholic
Q2: What country no longer celebrates Carnival?
A2: the Philippines
Q3: The Manila Carnival was dissolved after what year?
A3: 1939
Q4: What is the Carnival known as in countries which are mostly Lutheran?
A4: Fastelavn
Q5: What is the name of the festival celebrated in Eastern Orthodox nations during the last week before Great Lent?
A5: Maslenitsa
Cubism (Art and architecture)

The term Cubism did not come into general usage until 1911, mainly with reference to Metzinger, Gleizes, Delaunay, and Léger. In 1911, the poet and critic Guillaume Apollinaire accepted the term on behalf of a group of artists invited to exhibit at the Brussels Indépendants. The following year, in preparation for the Salon de la Section d'Or, Metzinger and Gleizes wrote and published Du "Cubisme" in an effort to dispel the confusion raging around the word, and as a major defence of Cubism (which had caused a public scandal following the 1911 Salon des Indépendants and the 1912 Salon d'Automne in Paris). Clarifying their aims as artists, this work was the first theoretical treatise on Cubism and it still remains the clearest and most intelligible. The result, not solely a collaboration between its two authors, reflected discussions by the circle of artists who met in Puteaux and Courbevoie. It mirrored the attitudes of the "artists of Passy", which included Picabia and the Duchamp brothers, to whom sections of it were read prior to publication. The concept developed in Du "Cubisme" of observing a subject from different points in space and time simultaneously, i.e., the act of moving around an object to seize it from several successive angles fused into a single image (multiple viewpoints, mobile perspective, simultaneity or multiplicity), is a generally recognized device used by the Cubists.

Q1: What year did the term Cubism become used more?
A1: 1911
Q2: Which poet critic in 1911 with a group of poets accepted the term Cubism? 
A2: Guillaume Apollinaire
Q3: The artists of Passy included which two people?
A3: Picabia and the Duchamp brothers
Hokkien (Language and literature)

The term Hokkien (福建; hɔk˥˥kɪɛn˨˩) is itself a term not used in Chinese to refer to the dialect, as it simply means Fujian province. In Chinese linguistics, these dialects are known by their classification under the Quanzhang Division (Chinese: 泉漳片; pinyin: Quánzhāng piàn) of Min Nan, which comes from the first characters of the two main Hokkien urban centers Quanzhou and Zhangzhou. The variety is also known by other terms such as the more general Min Nan (traditional Chinese: 閩南語, 閩南話; simplified Chinese: 闽南语, 闽南话; pinyin: Mǐnnányǔ, Mǐnnánhuà; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bân-lâm-gí,Bân-lâm-oē) or Southern Min, and Fulaohua (traditional Chinese: 福佬話; simplified Chinese: 福佬话; pinyin: Fúlǎohuà; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hō-ló-oē). The term Hokkien (Chinese: 福建話; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hok-kiàn oē;Tâi-lô:Hok-kiàn-uē), on the other hand, is used commonly in South East Asia to refer to Min-nan dialects.

Q1: What does Hokkien mean?
A1: Fujian province
Q2: What division of dialects does Hokkien belong to?
A2: Quanzhang Division (Chinese: 泉漳片; pinyin: Quánzhāng piàn) of Min Nan
Q3: In South East Asia, what term is commonly used to refer to Min-nan dialects?
A3: Hokkien
Q4: Where are quanzhou and Zhangzhou located?
A4: Hokkien
Iran (Geography and places)

The term Iran derives directly from Middle Persian Ērān, first attested in a 3rd-century inscription at Rustam Relief, with the accompanying Parthian inscription using the term Aryān, in reference to Iranians. The Middle Iranian ērān and aryān are oblique plural forms of gentilic ēr- (Middle Persian) and ary- (Parthian), both deriving from Proto-Iranian *arya- (meaning "Aryan," i.e., "of the Iranians"), argued to descend from Proto-Indo-European *ar-yo-, meaning "skillful assembler." In Iranian languages, the gentilic is attested as a self-identifier included in ancient inscriptions and the literature of Avesta,[a] and remains also in other Iranian ethnic names such as Alans (Ossetic: Ир – Ir) and Iron (Ossetic: Ирон – Iron).

Q1: What century did terms referencing Iran begin to be recorded?
A1: 3rd-century
Q2: What inscription referenced the term Aryan to Iranians?
A2: Parthian
Q3: What Proto-Indo-European term means "skillful assembler?"
A3: *ar-yo-
Q4: What other term in the 3rd Century besides Aryan also refer to Iran?
A4: Ērān
Q5: What is attested as a self-identifier in Iranian languages?
A5: the gentilic
Iranian_languages (Language and literature)

The term Iranian is applied to any language which descends from the ancestral Proto-Iranian language. Iranian derives from the Persian and Sanskrit origin word Arya.

Q1: Iranian languages are all said to be derived from which predecessor?
A1: Proto-Iranian
Q2: From what languages does the word Aryao come?
A2: Persian and Sanskrit
Muslim_world (Philosophy and religion)

The term Muslim world, also known as Islamic world and the Ummah (Arabic: أمة‎, meaning "nation" or "community") has different meanings. In a religious sense, the Islamic Ummah refers to those who adhere to the teachings of Islam, referred to as Muslims. In a cultural sense, the Muslim Ummah refers to Islamic civilization, exclusive of non-Muslims living in that civilization. In a modern geopolitical sense, the term "Islamic Nation" usually refers collectively to Muslim-majority countries, states, districts, or towns.

Q1: Islamic World is another way to refer to what?
A1: Muslim world
Q2: When speaking of religion, what does Ummah refer to?
A2: those who adhere to the teachings of Islam
Q3: When speaking about culture, what does Ummah refer to?
A3: Islamic civilization
Q4: Community, or Nation are direct translations of what word in reference to Islam?
A4: Ummah
Dutch_language (Language and literature)

The term Nederduits, however introduced new confusion, since the non standardised dialects spoken in the north of Germany came to be known as Niederdeutsch as well, and thus the Duits reference in the name was dropped, leading to Nederlands as designation to refer to the Dutch language. The repeated use of Neder (or "low") to refer to the Dutch language is a reference to the Netherlands' downriver location at the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta near the North Sea, harking back to Latin nomenclature, e.g. Germania Inferior. See also: Netherlands (toponymy).

Q1: What was the new word for Dutch that still caused some confusion with the language spoken in Germany?
A1: Nederduits
Q2: What does the word "Neder" translate to in English?
A2: low
Q3: The Netherlands are "low" because of their placement near what delta by the North Sea?
A3: Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta
Q4: What language started the trend of referring to the Netherlands as "Germania Inferior"?
A4: Latin
Q5: "Nederduits" often caused people to mix up the language of the Netherlands with that spoken in what directional area of Germany? 
A5: north
Anti-aircraft_warfare (Warfare)

The term air defence was probably first used by Britain when Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB) was created as a Royal Air Force command in 1925. However, arrangements in the UK were also called 'anti-aircraft', abbreviated as AA, a term that remained in general use into the 1950s. After the First World War it was sometimes prefixed by 'Light' or 'Heavy' (LAA or HAA) to classify a type of gun or unit. Nicknames for anti-aircraft guns include AA, AAA or triple-A, an abbreviation of anti-aircraft artillery; "ack-ack" (from the spelling alphabet used by the British for voice transmission of "AA"); and archie (a World War I British term probably coined by Amyas Borton and believed to derive via the Royal Flying Corps from the music-hall comedian George Robey's line "Archibald, certainly not!").

Q1: Which country probably coined the term air defence?
A1: Britain
Q2: What does ADGB stand for?
A2: Air Defence of Great Britain
Q3: What year was the ADGB created?
A3: 1925
Q4: Who is probably the one who coined the term archie for anti-aircraft guns?
A4: Amyas Borton
Q5: What George Robey line is believed to have started the archie nickname?
A5: "Archibald, certainly not!"
Alloy (Mathematics)

The term alloy is used to describe a mixture of atoms in which the primary constituent is a metal. The primary metal is called the base, the matrix, or the solvent. The secondary constituents are often called solutes. If there is a mixture of only two types of atoms, not counting impurities, such as a copper-nickel alloy, then it is called a binary alloy. If there are three types of atoms forming the mixture, such as iron, nickel and chromium, then it is called a ternary alloy. An alloy with four constituents is a quaternary alloy, while a five-part alloy is termed a quinary alloy. Because the percentage of each constituent can be varied, with any mixture the entire range of possible variations is called a system. In this respect, all of the various forms of an alloy containing only two constituents, like iron and carbon, is called a binary system, while all of the alloy combinations possible with a ternary alloy, such as alloys of iron, carbon and chromium, is called a ternary system.

Q1: The matrix and the solvent are other names for what?
A1: The primary metal
Q2: What is another name for solutes?
A2: The secondary constituents
Q3: What is the name of an alloy that has  four constituents?
A3: quaternary alloy
Q4: A five-part alloy is known as?
A4: ternary alloy
Quran (Philosophy and religion)

The term also has closely related synonyms that are employed throughout the Quran. Each synonym possesses its own distinct meaning, but its use may converge with that of qurʼān in certain contexts. Such terms include kitāb (book); āyah (sign); and sūrah (scripture). The latter two terms also denote units of revelation. In the large majority of contexts, usually with a definite article (al-), the word is referred to as the "revelation" (waḥy), that which has been "sent down" (tanzīl) at intervals. Other related words are: dhikr (remembrance), used to refer to the Quran in the sense of a reminder and warning, and ḥikmah (wisdom), sometimes referring to the revelation or part of it.

Q1: Which term used in the Quran to indicate itself means "book"?
A1: kitāb
Q2: Which term does the Quran use to refer to itself as "scripture"?
A2: sūrah
Q3: What meaning does the Quran take when it calls itself hikmah?
A3: wisdom
Q4: What name does the Quran use for itself that means "revelation"?
A4: waḥy
Aspirated_consonant (Language and literature)

The term aspiration sometimes refers to the sound change of debuccalization, in which a consonant is lenited (weakened) to become a glottal stop or fricative [ʔ h ɦ].

Q1: Aspiration may refer to a sound change of what?
A1: debuccalization
Q2: Debuccalization is when consonants are weakened to become what?
A2: glottal stop or fricative
Q3: What is another term for a consonant being weakened?
A3: lenited
Biodiversity (Natural sciences)

The term biological diversity was used first by wildlife scientist and conservationist Raymond F. Dasmann in the year 1968 lay book A Different Kind of Country advocating conservation. The term was widely adopted only after more than a decade, when in the 1980s it came into common usage in science and environmental policy. Thomas Lovejoy, in the foreword to the book Conservation Biology, introduced the term to the scientific community. Until then the term "natural diversity" was common, introduced by The Science Division of The Nature Conservancy in an important 1975 study, "The Preservation of Natural Diversity." By the early 1980s TNC's Science program and its head, Robert E. Jenkins, Lovejoy and other leading conservation scientists at the time in America advocated the use of the term "biological diversity".

Q1: Which scientist first used the term biological diversity?
A1: Raymond F. Dasmann
Q2: What book first contained the term biological diversity?
A2: A Different Kind of Country
Q3: What decade did the term biological diversity become common usage in science and economics?
A3: the 1980s
Q4: Who introduced the term biological diversity to the scientific community?
A4: Thomas Lovejoy
Q5: What term was common before biological diversity?
A5: "natural diversity"
Intellectual_property (History)

The term can be found used in an October 1845 Massachusetts Circuit Court ruling in the patent case Davoll et al. v. Brown., in which Justice Charles L. Woodbury wrote that "only in this way can we protect intellectual property, the labors of the mind, productions and interests are as much a man's own...as the wheat he cultivates, or the flocks he rears." The statement that "discoveries are...property" goes back earlier. Section 1 of the French law of 1791 stated, "All new discoveries are the property of the author; to assure the inventor the property and temporary enjoyment of his discovery, there shall be delivered to him a patent for five, ten or fifteen years." In Europe, French author A. Nion mentioned propriété intellectuelle in his Droits civils des auteurs, artistes et inventeurs, published in 1846.

Q1: When was the patent case Davoll et al. v. Brown ruled on?
A1: October 1845
Q2: Which court ruled on the patent case Davoll et al. v. Brown?
A2: Massachusetts Circuit Court
Q3: Who wrote that "only in this way can we protect intellectual property"?
A3: Justice Charles L. Woodbury
Q4: What year did the "discoveries are property" concept appear in French law?
A4: 1791
Q5: When did French author A. Nion mention intellectual property?
A5: 1846
Cardinal_(Catholicism) (History)

The term cardinal at one time applied to any priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church, or specifically to the senior priest of an important church, based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning "principal" or "chief". The term was applied in this sense as early as the ninth century to the priests of the tituli (parishes) of the diocese of Rome. The Church of England retains an instance of this origin of the title, which is held by the two senior members of the College of Minor Canons of St Paul's Cathedral.

Q1: At one time, Priest permanently were assigned to a church were referred to as?
A1: cardinal
Q2: How early was this term used?
A2: ninth century
Q3: The Church of England uses what term that is held by two senior members of the College of Minor Canons of St. Pauls Catherdral?
A3: tituli
Q4: What Latin word does "cardinal" come from?
A4: cardo
Q5: Which church still holds on to the original meaning of "cardinal" from the above Latin word?
A5: The Church of England
Child_labour (Social sciences and society)

The term child labour can be misleading when it confuses harmful work with employment that may be beneficial to children. It can also ignore harmful work outside employment and any benefits children normally derive from their work. Domestic work is an example: all families but the rich must work at cleaning, cooking, caring, and more to maintain their homes. In most families in the world, this process extends to productive activities, especially herding and various types of agriculture, and to a variety of small family businesses. Where trading is a significant feature of social life, children can start trading in small items at an early age, often in the company of family members or of peers.

Q1: What is benefical work for children?
A1: Domestic work
Q2: What can children do in countries were trading is involved?
A2: children can start trading in small items at an early age, often in the company of family members or of peers
Q3: All but what type of children must learn to clean?
A3: rich
Dialect (Language and literature)

The term dialect (from Latin dialectus, dialectos, from the ancient Greek word διάλεκτος diálektos, "discourse", from διά diá, "through" and λέγω legō, "I speak") is used in two distinct ways to refer to two different types of linguistic phenomena.

Q1: What language is the word dialectus from?
A1: Latin
Q2: From what language does the word diálektos come?
A2: Greek
Q3: What does diálektos mean in English?
A3: discourse
Q4: How many different types of linguistic phenomena is the term dialect used to describe?
A4: two
Q5: How many distinct ways is the term dialect used?
A5: two
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 (History)

The term financial innovation refers to the ongoing development of financial products designed to achieve particular client objectives, such as offsetting a particular risk exposure (such as the default of a borrower) or to assist with obtaining financing. Examples pertinent to this crisis included: the adjustable-rate mortgage; the bundling of subprime mortgages into mortgage-backed securities (MBS) or collateralized debt obligations (CDO) for sale to investors, a type of securitization; and a form of credit insurance called credit default swaps (CDS). The usage of these products expanded dramatically in the years leading up to the crisis. These products vary in complexity and the ease with which they can be valued on the books of financial institutions.

Q1: What term refers to the ongoing development of financial products?
A1: financial innovation
Q2: What is an example of financial innovation pertinent to the financial crisis?
A2: adjustable-rate mortgage
Q3: What is the abbreviation for a form of credit insurance called credit default swaps?
A3: CDS
Q4: What is the financial innovation that bundles subprime mortgages?
A4: mortgage-backed securities (MBS)
Q5: What happened to the usage of financial innovation products in the years leading up the financial crisis?
A5: expanded dramatically
Computer (Engineering and technology)

The term hardware covers all of those parts of a computer that are tangible objects. Circuits, displays, power supplies, cables, keyboards, printers and mice are all hardware.

Q1: Parts of a computer that are real objects are collectively known as what?
A1: hardware
Wood (Natural sciences)

The term heartwood derives solely from its position and not from any vital importance to the tree. This is evidenced by the fact that a tree can thrive with its heart completely decayed. Some species begin to form heartwood very early in life, so having only a thin layer of live sapwood, while in others the change comes slowly. Thin sapwood is characteristic of such species as chestnut, black locust, mulberry, osage-orange, and sassafras, while in maple, ash, hickory, hackberry, beech, and pine, thick sapwood is the rule. Others never form heartwood.

Q1: If a tree starts forming heartwood right away, will its sapwood layer be thin or thick?
A1: thin
Q2: What property of heartwood that has nothing to do with how important it is to trees got it its name?
A2: position
Q3: Does a beech tree usually have thin or thick sapwood?
A3: thick
Q4: Does a sassafras tree typically have a thin or thick sapwood layer?
A4: Thin
Q5: Would a thin or a thick sapwood layer be found in a pine tree?
A5: thick