LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Pacific_War (History)

Towards the end of the war as the role of strategic bombing became more important, a new command for the U.S. Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific was created to oversee all U.S. strategic bombing in the hemisphere, under United States Army Air Forces General Curtis LeMay. Japanese industrial production plunged as nearly half of the built-up areas of 67 cities were destroyed by B-29 firebombing raids. On 9–10 March 1945 alone, about 100,000 people were killed in a conflagration caused by an incendiary attack on Tokyo. LeMay also oversaw Operation Starvation, in which the inland waterways of Japan were extensively mined by air, which disrupted the small amount of remaining Japanese coastal sea traffic. On 26 July 1945, the President of the United States Harry S. Truman, the President of the Nationalist Government of China Chiang Kai-shek and the Prime Minister of Great Britain Winston Churchill issued the Potsdam Declaration, which outlined the terms of surrender for the Empire of Japan as agreed upon at the Potsdam Conference. This ultimatum stated that, if Japan did not surrender, it would face "prompt and utter destruction."

Q1: Who was over the new U.S. Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific command?
A1: General Curtis LeMay
Q2: How many people were killed in the incendry attack on Tokyo on March 9-10, 1945?
A2: 100,000
Q3: Who oversaw Operation Starvation?
A3: General Curtis LeMay
Q4: When was the Potsdam Declaration issued?
A4: 26 July 1945
Q5: What ultimatum stated that Japan would face "prompt and utter destruction" if it did not surrender?
A5: Potsdam Declaration
Airport (Engineering and technology)

Tower Control controls aircraft on the runway and in the controlled airspace immediately surrounding the airport. Tower controllers may use radar to locate an aircraft's position in three-dimensional space, or they may rely on pilot position reports and visual observation. They coordinate the sequencing of aircraft in the traffic pattern and direct aircraft on how to safely join and leave the circuit. Aircraft which are only passing through the airspace must also contact Tower Control in order to be sure that they remain clear of other traffic.

Q1: Who controls aircraft on the runway?
A1: Tower Control
Q2: Who controls aircraft in the controlled airspace immediately surrounding the airport?
A2: Tower Control
Q3: Tower controllers use what to locate an aircraft's position in three-dimensional space?
A3: radar
Q4: Why should aircraft that is only passing through an airspace contact Tower Control?
A4: in order to be sure that they remain clear of other traffic
Southampton (Geography and places)

Town Quay is the original public quay, and dates from the 13th century. Today's Eastern Docks were created in the 1830s by land reclamation of the mud flats between the Itchen & Test estuaries. The Western Docks date from the 1930s when the Southern Railway Company commissioned a major land reclamation and dredging programme. Most of the material used for reclamation came from dredging of Southampton Water, to ensure that the port can continue to handle large ships.

Q1: What's the name of the public quay that's been in Southampton since the 13th century?
A1: Town Quay
Q2: In what decade were the Eastern Docks that can be seen today created?
A2: 1830s
Q3: What company commissioned the program that created the Western Docks?
A3: Southern Railway Company
Q4: What body of water was dredged for the material used for reclamation?
A4: Southampton Water
Q5: In what decade did the Southern Railway Company commission the program that created the Western Docks?
A5: 1930s
Georgian_architecture (Art and architecture)

Town terraced houses for all social classes remained resolutely tall and narrow, each dwelling occupying the whole height of the building. This contrasted with well-off continental dwellings, which had already begun to be formed of wide apartments occupying only one or two floors of a building; such arrangements were only typical in England when housing groups of batchelors, as in Oxbridge colleges, the lawyers in the Inns of Court or The Albany after it was converted in 1802. In the period in question, only in Edinburgh were working-class purpose-built tenements common, though lodgers were common in other cities. A curving crescent, often looking out at gardens or a park, was popular for terraces where space allowed. In early and central schemes of development, plots were sold and built on individually, though there was often an attempt to enforce some uniformity, but as development reached further out schemes were increasingly built as a uniform scheme and then sold.

Q1: What shape and size did most town terraced houses take on?
A1: tall and narrow
Q2: Well-off continental dwellings consisted of?
A2: wide apartments occupying only one or two floors of a building
Q3: What year did The Albany convert?
A3: 1802
Q4: What was the only city where working class purpose built tenements common?
A4: Edinburgh
Q5: What was popular for terraces where there was enough space?
A5: A curving crescent
Somerset (Geography and places)

Towns such as Castle Cary and Frome grew around the medieval weaving industry. Street developed as a centre for the production of woollen slippers and, later, boots and shoes, with C. & J. Clark establishing its headquarters in the town. C&J Clark's shoes are no longer manufactured there as the work was transferred to lower-wage areas, such as China and Asia. Instead, in 1993, redundant factory buildings were converted to form Clarks Village, the first purpose-built factory outlet in the UK. C&J Clark also had shoe factories, at one time at Bridgwater, Minehead, Westfield and Weston super Mare to provide employment outside the main summer tourist season, but those satellite sites were closed in the late 1980s, before the main site at Street. Dr. Martens shoes were also made in Somerset, by the Northampton-based R. Griggs Group, using redundant skilled shoemakers from C&J Clark; that work has also been transferred to Asia.

Q1: What towns grew around the weaving Industry 
A1: Castle Cary and Frome grew around the medieval weaving industry
Q2: Why did Cj clark shoes leave the area 
A2: the work was transferred to lower-wage areas, such as China and Asia
Q3: What famous shoe brand was made in Somerset 
A3: Dr. Martens shoes were also made in Somerset, by the Northampton-based R. Griggs Group
Dog (Natural sciences)

Toxocara canis (dog roundworm) eggs in dog feces can cause toxocariasis. In the United States, about 10,000 cases of Toxocara infection are reported in humans each year, and almost 14% of the U.S. population is infected. In Great Britain, 24% of soil samples taken from public parks contained T. canis eggs. Untreated toxocariasis can cause retinal damage and decreased vision. Dog feces can also contain hookworms that cause cutaneous larva migrans in humans.

Q1: What is the common name of the species that causes Toxocariasis?
A1: dog roundworm
Q2: How are Toxicara canis infections spread?
A2: dog feces
Q3: About how many people get a Toxocara infection each year?
A3: 10,000
Q4: Toxocariasis can lead to what in humans?
A4: retinal damage and decreased vision.
Q5: Toxocariasis is caused by what kind of eggs in dog feces?
A5: roundworm
Q6: What percentage of people in America are infected with the Toxocara infection?
A6: 14
Q7: How many Toxocara infection cases are reported annually in the US?
A7: 10,000
Q8: What percentage of soil contained T. canis eggs in Great Britain public parks?
A8: 24
Q9: If toxocariasis is left untreated, what can happen to a person?
A9: retinal damage and decreased vision
Lighting (Engineering and technology)

Track lighting, invented by Lightolier, was popular at one period of time because it was much easier to install than recessed lighting, and individual fixtures are decorative and can be easily aimed at a wall. It has regained some popularity recently in low-voltage tracks, which often look nothing like their predecessors because they do not have the safety issues that line-voltage systems have, and are therefore less bulky and more ornamental in themselves. A master transformer feeds all of the fixtures on the track or rod with 12 or 24 volts, instead of each light fixture having its own line-to-low voltage transformer. There are traditional spots and floods, as well as other small hanging fixtures. A modified version of this is cable lighting, where lights are hung from or clipped to bare metal cables under tension.

Q1: Who invented track lighting?
A1: Lightolier
Q2: What feeds all the fixtures in low voltage tracks instead of each light having a line-to-low voltage transformer.
A2: master transformer
Q3: What  type of lighting uses lights that are hung or clipped to bare metal cables?
A3: cable lighting
Q4: How many volts does a track lighting system usually use?
A4: 12 or 24 volts
Tucson,_Arizona (Geography and places)

Tracks include Tucson Raceway Park and Rillito Downs. Tucson Raceway Park hosts NASCAR-sanctioned auto racing events and is one of only two asphalt short tracks in Arizona. Rillito Downs is an in-town destination on weekends in January and February each year. This historic track held the first organized quarter horse races in the world, and they are still racing there. The racetrack is threatened by development. The Moltacqua racetrack, was another historic horse racetrack located on what is now Sabino Canyon Road and Vactor Ranch Trail, but it no longer exists.

Q1: Where does Tucson hold NASCAR races?
A1: Tucson Raceway Park
Q2: What kind of races does Rillito Downs hold?
A2: quarter horse races
Q3: What former Tucson horse racetrack no longer exists?
A3: Moltacqua racetrack
Q4: What is on the former site of the Moltacqua track now?
A4: Sabino Canyon Road and Vactor Ranch Trail
Q5: How many asphalt short tracks are in Arizona?
A5: two
Montana (Geography and places)

Tracks of the Northern Pacific Railroad (NPR) reached Montana from the west in 1881 and from the east in 1882. However, the railroad played a major role in sparking tensions with Native American tribes in the 1870s. Jay Cooke, the NPR president launched major surveys into the Yellowstone valley in 1871, 1872 and 1873 which were challenged forcefully by the Sioux under chief Sitting Bull. These clashes, in part, contributed to the Panic of 1873 which delayed construction of the railroad into Montana. Surveys in 1874, 1875 and 1876 helped spark the Great Sioux War of 1876. The transcontinental NPR was completed on September 8, 1883, at Gold Creek.

Q1: When did the Northern Pacific Railroad reach Montana from the west?
A1: 1881
Q2: When did the Northern Pacific Railroad reach Montana from the east?
A2: 1882
Q3: What years were the railroad challenged by Chief Sitting Bull?
A3: 1871, 1872 and 1873
Q4: What year was the Great White Sioux War?
A4: 1876
Q5: When was the transcontinental National Pacific Railroad finished?
A5: 1883
Intellectual_property (History)

Trade secret misappropriation is different from violations of other intellectual property laws, since by definition trade secrets are secret, while patents and registered copyrights and trademarks are publicly available. In the United States, trade secrets are protected under state law, and states have nearly universally adopted the Uniform Trade Secrets Act. The United States also has federal law in the form of the Economic Espionage Act of 1996 (18 U.S.C. §§ 1831–1839), which makes the theft or misappropriation of a trade secret a federal crime. This law contains two provisions criminalizing two sorts of activity. The first, 18 U.S.C. § 1831(a), criminalizes the theft of trade secrets to benefit foreign powers. The second, 18 U.S.C. § 1832, criminalizes their theft for commercial or economic purposes. (The statutory penalties are different for the two offenses.) In Commonwealth common law jurisdictions, confidentiality and trade secrets are regarded as an equitable right rather than a property right but penalties for theft are roughly the same as the United States.[citation needed]

Q1: Which type of intellectual property is secret?
A1: trade secrets
Q2: What law do most US states use to protect trade secrets?
A2: Uniform Trade Secrets Act
Q3: What US federal law protects trade secrets?
A3: Economic Espionage Act
Q4: Commonwealth common law regards trade secrets as what kind of right?
A4: an equitable right
Q5: US law regards trade secrets as what kind of right?
A5: a property right
Intellectual_property (History)

Trademark infringement occurs when one party uses a trademark that is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark owned by another party, in relation to products or services which are identical or similar to the products or services of the other party. In many countries, a trademark receives protection without registration, but registering a trademark provides legal advantages for enforcement. Infringement can be addressed by civil litigation and, in several jurisdictions, under criminal law.

Q1: What occurs when someone uses a trademark that is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark owned by someone else?
A1: Trademark infringement
Q2: What does registering a trademark provide?
A2: legal advantages for enforcement
Q3: Where is a trademark protected without registration?
A3: In many countries
Q4: How is trademark infringement addressed in most jurisdictions?
A4: civil litigation
Q5: How is trademark infringement addressed in a few jurisdictions?
A5: criminal law
Tuvalu (Geography and places)

Trading companies became active in Tuvalu in the mid-19th century; the trading companies engaged palagi traders who lived on the islands. John (also known as Jack) O'Brien was the first European to settle in Tuvalu, he became a trader on Funafuti in the 1850s. He married Salai, the daughter of the paramount chief of Funafuti. Louis Becke, who later found success as a writer, was a trader on Nanumanga from April 1880 until the trading-station was destroyed later that year in a cyclone. He then became a trader on Nukufetau.

Q1: In what century did trading companies arrive in Tuvalu?
A1: mid-19th
Q2: What type of traders did the trading companies employ on Tuvalu?
A2: palagi traders
Q3: Who was the first European to permanently settle on Tuvalu?
A3: John (also known as Jack) O'Brien
Q4: Which native did O'Brien marry?
A4: Salai
Q5: What trader turned author established a post on Tuvalu?
A5: Louis Becke
Political_corruption (Social sciences and society)

Trading in influence, or influence peddling, refers a person selling his/her influence over the decision making process to benefit a third party (person or institution). The difference with bribery is that this is a tri-lateral relation. From a legal point of view, the role of the third party (who is the target of the influence) does not really matter although he/she can be an accessory in some instances. It can be difficult to make a distinction between this form of corruption and some forms of extreme and loosely regulated lobbying where for instance law- or decision-makers can freely "sell" their vote, decision power or influence to those lobbyists who offer the highest compensation, including where for instance the latter act on behalf of powerful clients such as industrial groups who want to avoid the passing of specific environmental, social, or other regulations perceived as too stringent, etc. Where lobbying is (sufficiently) regulated, it becomes possible to provide for a distinctive criteria and to consider that trading in influence involves the use of "improper influence", as in article 12 of the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption (ETS 173) of the Council of Europe.

Q1: Selling or trading government position influence is called what?
A1: influence peddling
Q2: Selling influence can involve third-parties and this is called what type of relation?
A2: tri-lateral
Q3: In some situations the third-party in an influence peddling crime may be not involved or may be what?
A3: an accessory
Q4: Where lobbying is controlled, what does it provide for consideration to determine improper influencing?
A4: distinctive criteria
Q5: What article of the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption contains distinctive criteria to determine improper influence?
A5: article 12
Pub (History)

Traditional English ale was made solely from fermented malt. The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 15th century. Alehouses would each brew their own distinctive ale, but independent breweries began to appear in the late 17th century. By the end of the century almost all beer was brewed by commercial breweries.

Q1: What was the one ingredient of traditional English ale?
A1: fermented malt
Q2: What country pioneered the introduction of hops for beer production?
A2: the Netherlands
Q3: In what century was the process of using hops to produce beer introduced to England?
A3: 15th
Q4: In what century did the first independent breweries appear in England?
A4: 17th
Q5: What businesses were the dominant brewers of beer in England by the close of the 17th century?
A5: commercial breweries
Eritrea (Natural sciences)

Traditional Eritrean attire is quite varied among the ethnic groups of Eritrea. In the larger cities, most people dress in Western casual dress such as jeans and shirts. In offices, both men and women often dress in suits. Traditional clothing for Christian Tigrinya-speaking highlanders consists of bright white gowns called zurias for the women, and long white shirts accompanied by white pants for the men. In Muslim communities in the Eritrean lowland, the women traditionally dress in brightly colored clothes. Only Rashaida women maintain a tradition of covering half of their faces, though they do not cover their hair.

Q1: How do most people dress in the larger cities of Eritrea?
A1: Western casual
Q2: How do both men and women often dress in offices in Eritrea?
A2: suits
Q3: What are zurias, the traditional clothes still worn by Christian highlander women in Eritrea?
A3: bright white gowns
Q4: How do women in the Muslim communities of the Eritrean lowland dress?
A4: in brightly colored clothes
Q5: Who are the only women who follow the tradition of covering half of their faces, though not their hair?
A5: Rashaida women
Portugal (Geography and places)

Traditional architecture is distinctive and include the Manueline, also known as Portuguese late Gothic, a sumptuous, composite Portuguese style of architectural ornamentation of the first decades of the 16th century. A 20th-century interpretation of traditional architecture, Soft Portuguese style, appears extensively in major cities, especially Lisbon. Modern Portugal has given the world renowned architects like Eduardo Souto de Moura, Álvaro Siza Vieira (both Pritzker Prize winners) and Gonçalo Byrne. In Portugal Tomás Taveira is also noteworthy, particularly for stadium design.

Q1: What is the Manueline style also known as?
A1: Portuguese late Gothic
Q2: What is the Manueline style?
A2: a sumptuous, composite Portuguese style of architectural ornamentation of the first decades of the 16th century
Q3: What is Soft Portuguese style?
A3: A 20th-century interpretation of traditional architecture
Q4: Who are some of the most renowned architects to come from Portugal?
A4: Eduardo Souto de Moura, Álvaro Siza Vieira (both Pritzker Prize winners) and Gonçalo Byrne
Q5: For what is Tomas Taveira particularly noteworthy for in Portugal?
A5: stadium design
Pub (History)

Traditional games are played in pubs, ranging from the well-known darts, skittles, dominoes, cards and bar billiards, to the more obscure Aunt Sally, Nine Men's Morris and ringing the bull. In the UK betting is legally limited to certain games such as cribbage or dominoes, played for small stakes. In recent decades the game of pool (both the British and American versions) has increased in popularity as well as other table based games such as snooker or Table Football becoming common.

Q1: What game played in both Britain and America has become increasingly popular in pubs?
A1: pool
Q2: Along with Aunt Sally and ringing the bull, what is one of the obscure traditional games played in pubs?
A2: Nine Men's Morris
Q3: Along with darts, skittles, dominoes and bar billiards, what is a well-known pub game?
A3: cards
Q4: Along with dominoes, on what pub game can you legally bet in the United Kingdom?
A4: cribbage
Q5: What table-based version of soccer is an increasingly popular pub game?
A5: Table Football
Animal (Natural sciences)

Traditional morphological and modern molecular phylogenetic analysis have both recognized a major evolutionary transition from "non-bilaterian" animals, which are those lacking a bilaterally symmetric body plan (Porifera, Ctenophora, Cnidaria and Placozoa), to "bilaterian" animals (Bilateria) whose body plans display bilateral symmetry. The latter are further classified based on a major division between Deuterostomes and Protostomes. The relationships among non-bilaterian animals are disputed, but all bilaterian animals are thought to form a monophyletic group. Current understanding of the relationships among the major groups of animals is summarized by the following cladogram:

Q1: What are some examples of non-bilaterian animals?
A1: Porifera, Ctenophora, Cnidaria and Placozoa
Q2: What are animals whose body plans display bilateral symmetry called?
A2: bilaterian
Q3: Animals in what group are thought to form a monophyletic group?
A3: bilaterian
Insect (Natural sciences)

Traditional morphology-based or appearance-based systematics have usually given the Hexapoda the rank of superclass,:180 and identified four groups within it: insects (Ectognatha), springtails (Collembola), Protura, and Diplura, the latter three being grouped together as the Entognatha on the basis of internalized mouth parts. Supraordinal relationships have undergone numerous changes with the advent of methods based on evolutionary history and genetic data. A recent theory is that the Hexapoda are polyphyletic (where the last common ancestor was not a member of the group), with the entognath classes having separate evolutionary histories from the Insecta. Many of the traditional appearance-based taxa have been shown to be paraphyletic, so rather than using ranks like subclass, superorder, and infraorder, it has proved better to use monophyletic groupings (in which the last common ancestor is a member of the group). The following represents the best-supported monophyletic groupings for the Insecta.

Q1: Morphology-based and appearance-based are known as what?
A1: systematics
Q2: What class is the Hexapoda ranked?
A2: superclass
Q3: How many groups are defined in the superclass?
A3: four groups
Q4: Springtails are also known as what?
A4: Collembola
Q5: Collembola, protura, and dipkura are in a group called what?
A5: Entognatha
Switzerland (Geography and places)

Traditional sports include Swiss wrestling or "Schwingen". It is an old tradition from the rural central cantons and considered the national sport by some. Hornussen is another indigenous Swiss sport, which is like a cross between baseball and golf. Steinstossen is the Swiss variant of stone put, a competition in throwing a heavy stone. Practiced only among the alpine population since prehistoric times, it is recorded to have taken place in Basel in the 13th century. It is also central to the Unspunnenfest, first held in 1805, with its symbol the 83.5 kg stone named Unspunnenstein.

Q1: Which popular Swiss sport is a cross between baseball and golf?
A1: Hornussen
Q2: Which old, traditional sport is considered to be the national sport by some Swiss?
A2: Swiss wrestling or "Schwingen"
Q3: What is thrown in the Swiss competition Steinstossen?
A3: a heavy stone
Q4: Which Swiss population is the only one to have practiced Steinstossen since prehistoric times?
A4: alpine
Q5: What was the name of the 83.5 kg stone that symbolized the Unspunnenfest, first held in 1805?
A5: Unspunnenstein