LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

According to Vetter, the description of the Buddhist path may initially have been as simple as the term "the middle way". In time, this short description was elaborated, resulting in the description of the eightfold path.

Q1: A description of the Buddhist path may have been as simplistic as what term?
A1: the middle way
Q2: The description of buddhism was broadened resulting in what path?
A2: eightfold
Architecture (Art and architecture)

According to Vitruvius, the architect should strive to fulfill each of these three attributes as well as possible. Leon Battista Alberti, who elaborates on the ideas of Vitruvius in his treatise, De Re Aedificatoria, saw beauty primarily as a matter of proportion, although ornament also played a part. For Alberti, the rules of proportion were those that governed the idealised human figure, the Golden mean. The most important aspect of beauty was therefore an inherent part of an object, rather than something applied superficially; and was based on universal, recognisable truths. The notion of style in the arts was not developed until the 16th century, with the writing of Vasari: by the 18th century, his Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects had been translated into Italian, French, Spanish and English.

Q1: When were the styles of arts created?
A1: 16th century
Q2: Who wrote Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects?
A2: Vasari
Q3: By the 18th century which languages was Vasaris book translated in?
A3: Italian, French, Spanish and English
Q4: In Vitruvius's mind, whose responsibility was it to see the principles carried out?
A4: architect
Q5: Who wrote De Re Aedificatoria?
A5: Leon Battista Alberti
Q6: What did Leon Battista Alberti consider most important for beauty?
A6: proportion
Q7: What ideal proportion did Alberti promote?
A7: the Golden mean
Q8: In what century did "style" as an artistic concept arise?
A8: 16th
Nutrition (Agriculture, food, and drink)

According to Walter Gratzer, the study of nutrition probably began during the 6th century BC. In China, the concept of Qi developed, a spirit or "wind" similar to what Western Europeans later called pneuma. Food was classified into "hot" (for example, meats, blood, ginger, and hot spices) and "cold" (green vegetables) in China, India, Malaya, and Persia. Humours developed perhaps first in China alongside qi. Ho the Physician concluded that diseases are caused by deficiencies of elements (Wu Xing: fire, water, earth, wood, and metal), and he classified diseases as well as prescribed diets. About the same time in Italy, Alcmaeon of Croton (a Greek) wrote of the importance of equilibrium between what goes in and what goes out, and warned that imbalance would result disease marked by obesity or emaciation.

Q1: In which time period did the study of nutrition begin?
A1: 6th century BC
Q2: What is the European equivalent of "Qi"?
A2: pneuma
Q3: What kind of food classification does ginger belong to?
A3: hot
Q4: What nationality was Alcmaeon of Croton?
A4: Greek
Q5: Other than obesity, what else would trademark an imbalance in nutrition?
A5: emaciation
Somalis (Geography and places)

According to Y chromosome studies by Sanchez et al. (2005), Cruciani et al. (2004, 2007), the Somalis are paternally closely related to other Afro-Asiatic-speaking groups in Northeast Africa. Besides comprising the majority of the Y-DNA in Somalis, the E1b1b1a (formerly E3b1a) haplogroup also makes up a significant proportion of the paternal DNA of Ethiopians, Sudanese, Egyptians, Berbers, North African Arabs, as well as many Mediterranean populations. Sanchez et al. (2005) observed the M78 subclade of E1b1b in about 77% of their Somali male samples. According to Cruciani et al. (2007), the presence of this subhaplogroup in the Horn region may represent the traces of an ancient migration from Egypt/Libya. After haplogroup E1b1b, the second most frequently occurring Y-DNA haplogroup among Somalis is the West Asian haplogroup T (M70). It is observed in slightly more than 10% of Somali males. Haplogroup T, like haplogroup E1b1b, is also typically found among populations of Northeast Africa, North Africa, the Near East and the Mediterranean.

Q1: In what year did Sanchez publish his study on Somali ethnicity?
A1: 2005
Q2: What language group speakers are ethnic Somalis closely related to?
A2: Afro-Asiatic
Q3: What haplogroup is present in a significant number of Somalis?
A3: E1b1b1a
Q4: Based on the presence of the M78 subclade, where do some researchers think Somalis originated?
A4: Egypt/Libya
Q5: What percentage of Somali males had DNA containing the M78 subclade of E1b1b?
A5: 77%
Nigeria (History)

According to a 2001 report from The World Factbook by CIA, about 50% of Nigeria's population is Muslim, 40% are Christians and 10% adhere to local religions. But in some recent report, the Christian population is now sightly larger than the Muslim population. An 18 December 2012 report on religion and public life by the Pew Research Center stated that in 2010, 49.3 percent of Nigeria's population was Christian, 48.8 percent was Muslim, and 1.9 percent were followers of indigenous and other religions, or unaffiliated. Additionally, the 2010s census of Association of Religion Data Archives has reported that 46.5 percent of the total population is Christian, slightly bigger than the Muslim population of 45.5 percent, and that 7.7 percent are members of other religious groups.

Q1: In 2001, what percent of Nigeria's population was Muslim?
A1: about 50%
Q2: In 2001, what percent of Nigeria's population was Christian?
A2: 40%
Q3: In 2001, what percent of Nigeria's population followed local religions?
A3: 10%
Q4: According to Pew, in 2010, what percent of Nigeria's population was Muslim?
A4: 48.8 percent
Q5: According to Pew, in 2010, what percent of Nigeria's population was Christian?
A5: 49.3 percent
Copyright_infringement (Language and literature)

According to a 2007 BSA and International Data Corporation (IDC) study, the five countries with the highest rates of software piracy were: 1. Armenia (93%); 2. Bangladesh (92%); 3. Azerbaijan (92%); 4. Moldova (92%); and 5. Zimbabwe (91%). According to the study's results, the five countries with the lowest piracy rates were: 1. U.S. (20%); 2. Luxembourg (21%); 3. New Zealand (22%); 4. Japan (23%); and 5. Austria (25%). The 2007 report showed that the Asia-Pacific region was associated with the highest amount of loss, in terms of U.S. dollars, with $14,090,000, followed by the European Union, with a loss of $12,383,000; the lowest amount of U.S. dollars was lost in the Middle East/Africa region, where $2,446,000 was documented.

Q1: Who did a study in 2007 regarding the five countries with the highest rates of software piracy?
A1: BSA and International Data Corporation
Q2: Which country had the lowest rate of software piracy?
A2: U.S.
Q3: Which region had the highest loss?
A3: Asia-Pacific
Q4: How much did the EU lose?
A4: $12,383,000
Q5: Where was the lowest amount of U.S. dollars lost?
A5: Middle East/Africa region
Christian (Language and literature)

According to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue.

Q1: According to one report, how many Christians were in the world in 2010?
A1: 2.2 billion
Q2: How many Christians were in the world in 1910?
A2: 600 million
Q3: If growth continues as it has, what religion will be the largest in the world by 2050?
A3: Christianity
Renewable_energy_commercialization (Engineering and technology)

According to a 2011 projection by the International Energy Agency, solar power plants may produce most of the world's electricity within 50 years, significantly reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases that harm the environment. The IEA has said: "Photovoltaic and solar-thermal plants may meet most of the world's demand for electricity by 2060 – and half of all energy needs – with wind, hydropower and biomass plants supplying much of the remaining generation". "Photovoltaic and concentrated solar power together can become the major source of electricity".

Q1: Which group projected that solar plant may produce most of the world's electricity within 50 years?
A1: International Energy Agency
Q2: Photovoltaic and solar-thermal plants may meet most of the world's demand for electricity by what year?
A2: 2060
Q3: Photovoltaic and solar-thermal plants may meet how much of the world's energy needs by 2060?
A3: half
Boston (Geography and places)

According to a 2014 study by the Pew Research Center, 57% of the population of the city identified themselves as Christians, with 25% professing attendance at a variety of churches that could be considered Protestant, and 29% professing Roman Catholic beliefs. while 33% claim no religious affiliation. The same study says that other religions (including Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism) collectively make up about 10% of the population.

Q1: In 2014, what percentage of the city identified as Christian?
A1: 57%
Q2: In 2014, what percentage of the city identified as Protestant?
A2: 25%
Q3: In 2014, what percent of the City of Boston was Catholic?
A3: 29%
Q4: In 2014, what percentage of Bostons residents did not claim to belong to any religion?
A4: 33%
Q5: In 2014, other religions mad eup what percentage of the citys population?
A5: 10%
North_Carolina (Geography and places)

According to a Forbes article written in 2013 Employment in the "Old North State" has gained many different industry sectors. See the following article summary: science, technology, energy and math, or STEM, industries in the area surrounding North Carolina's capital have grown 17.9 percent since 2001, placing Raleigh-Cary at No. 5 among the 51 largest metro areas in the country where technology is booming. In 2010 North Carolina's total gross state product was $424.9 billion, while the state debt in November 2012, according to one source, totalled US$2.4bn, while according to another, was in 2012 US$57.8bn. In 2011 the civilian labor force was at around 4.5 million with employment near 4.1 million. The working population is employed across the major employment sectors. The economy of North Carolina covers 15 metropolitan areas. In 2010, North Carolina was chosen as the third-best state for business by Forbes Magazine, and the second-best state by Chief Executive Officer Magazine.

Q1: What is the Nickname given to North Carolina?
A1: Old North State
Q2: Science, Technology, energy, and math industries have risen what percent since 2001?
A2: 17.9
Q3: What is raleigh-Cary ranked among the 51 largest metro areas in the country?
A3: 5
Q4: What was North Carolinas gross state product in 2010?
A4: $424.9 billion
Q5: What was North Carolinas state debt in 2012?
A5: $2.4bn
To_Kill_a_Mockingbird (Language and literature)

According to a National Geographic article, the novel is so revered in Monroeville that people quote lines from it like Scripture; yet Harper Lee herself refused to attend any performances, because "she abhors anything that trades on the book's fame". To underscore this sentiment, Lee demanded that a book of recipes named Calpurnia's Cookbook not be published and sold out of the Monroe County Heritage Museum. David Lister in The Independent states that Lee's refusal to speak to reporters made them desire to interview her all the more, and her silence "makes Bob Dylan look like a media tart". Despite her discouragement, a rising number of tourists made to Monroeville a destination, hoping to see Lee's inspiration for the book, or Lee herself. Local residents call them "Mockingbird groupies", and although Lee was not reclusive, she refused publicity and interviews with an emphatic "Hell, no!"

Q1: How do the citizens of Monroeville quote lines of the book?
A1: like Scripture
Q2: What do the Monroeville townspeople call tourists to their town?
A2: Mockingbird groupies
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

According to a demographic analysis reported by Peter Harvey (2013): Mahayana has 360 million adherents; Theravada has 150 million adherents; and Vajrayana has 18,2 million adherents. Seven million additional Buddhists are found outside of Asia.

Q1: How may adherents does Mahayana have?
A1: 360 million
Q2: How many adherents does Thervada have?
A2: 150 million
Q3: How many Buddists are outside of Asia?
A3: Seven million
Jews (History)

According to a report published in 2014, about 43% of all Jews reside in Israel (6.1 million), and 40% in the United States (5.7 million), with most of the remainder living in Europe (1.4 million) and Canada (0.4 million). These numbers include all those who self-identified as Jews in a socio-demographic study or were identified as such by a respondent in the same household. The exact world Jewish population, however, is difficult to measure. In addition to issues with census methodology, disputes among proponents of halakhic, secular, political, and ancestral identification factors regarding who is a Jew may affect the figure considerably depending on the source.

Q1: What percentage of Jews reside in Israel?
A1: 43%
Q2: What percentage of Jews reside in the U.S.?
A2: 40%
Q3: How many Jews live in Europe?
A3: 1.4 million
Q4: What is one reason the world population of Jews difficult to determine?
A4: issues with census methodology
YouTube (Engineering and technology)

According to a story that has often been repeated in the media, Hurley and Chen developed the idea for YouTube during the early months of 2005, after they had experienced difficulty sharing videos that had been shot at a dinner party at Chen's apartment in San Francisco. Karim did not attend the party and denied that it had occurred, but Chen commented that the idea that YouTube was founded after a dinner party "was probably very strengthened by marketing ideas around creating a story that was very digestible".

Q1: What are the first names of the men that invented youtube?
A1: Hurley and Chen
Q2: Where did Chen live in 2005?
A2: San Francisco
Q3: When did the creators have the idea for youtube?
A3: the early months of 2005
Q4: What was the original stimuli for creating the website?
A4: difficulty sharing videos
Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States (Social sciences and society)

According to a study by Dr. Paul Brest, Hispanics or "Latinos" include immigrants who are descendants of immigrants from the countries comprising Central and South America. In 1991, Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Cuban Americans made up 80% of the Latino population in the United States. Latinos are disadvantaged compared to White Americans and are more likely to live in poverty. They are the least well educated major ethnic group and suffered a 3% drop in high school completion rate while African Americans experienced a 12% increase between 1975-1990. In 1990, they constituted 9% of the population, but only received 3.1% of the bachelors's degrees awarded. At times when it is favorable to lawmakers, Latinos were considered "white" by the Jim Crow laws during the Reconstruction. In other cases, according to Paul Brest, Latinos have been classified as an inferior race and a threat to white purity. Latinos have encountered considerable discrimination in areas such as employment, housing, and education. Brest finds that stereotypes continue to be largely negative and many perceive Latinos as "lazy, unproductive, and on the dole." Furthermore, native-born Latino-Americans and recent immigrants are seen as identical since outsiders tend not to differentiate between Latino groups.

Q1: Who conducted a study about the origins of "Latinos"?
A1: Dr. Paul Brest
Q2: How much of the Latino population did Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans and Cuban Americans make up in 1991?
A2: 80%
Q3: In relation to other major ethnic groups, what is the education level of Latinos?
A3: least well educated
Q4: What was the percentage increase of the high school completion rate for African Americans between 1975 and 1990?
A4: 12%
Q5: How many of the total bachelor degrees awarded in 1990 went to Latinos?
A5: 3.1%
2008_Sichuan_earthquake (Natural sciences)

According to a study by the China Earthquake Administration (CEA), the earthquake occurred along the Longmenshan fault, a thrust structure along the border of the Indo-Australian Plate and Eurasian Plate. Seismic activities concentrated on its mid-fracture (known as Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture). The rupture lasted close to 120 sec, with the majority of energy released in the first 80 sec. Starting from Wenchuan, the rupture propagated at an average speed of 3.1 kilometers per second 49° toward north east, rupturing a total of about 300 km. Maximum displacement amounted to 9 meters. The focus was deeper than 10 km.

Q1: On what fault did the earthquake occur?
A1: Longmenshan fault
Q2: Where is the Longmenshan fault located?
A2: along the border of the Indo-Australian Plate and Eurasian Plate
Q3: How long did the rupture last?
A3: 120 sec
Q4: How deep was the focus of the earthquake?
A4: 10 km
Q5: Along what fault line did the quake happen?
A5: Longmenshan fault
Q6: On which fracture did the quake focus?
A6: Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture
Q7: When wasmost of the energy released during the initial eruption?
A7: first 80 sec.
Q8: What was the most displacement caused by the earthquake?
A8: 9 meters
Comprehensive_school (Social sciences and society)

According to a study done by Helmut Fend (who had always been a fierce proponent of comprehensive schools) revealed that comprehensive schools do not help working class students. He compared alumni of the tripartite system to alumni of comprehensive schools. While working class alumni of comprehensive schools were awarded better school diplomas at age 35, they held similar occupational positions as working class alumni of the tripartite system and were as unlikely to graduate from college.

Q1: Who conducted a study on comprehensive schools?
A1: Helmut Fend
Q2: To which system did Fend compare comprehensive school alumni?
A2: tripartite system
Westminster_Abbey (Art and architecture)

According to a tradition first reported by Sulcard in about 1080, a church was founded at the site (then known as Thorn Ey (Thorn Island)) in the 7th century, at the time of Mellitus, a Bishop of London. Construction of the present church began in 1245, on the orders of King Henry III.

Q1: What is the meaning of Thorn Ey?
A1: Thorn Island
Q2: When was a church first founded at the site?
A2: 7th century
Q3: Who was Mellitus?
A3: a Bishop of London
Q4: When was construction of the present church started?
A4: 1245
Q5: Who ordered the construction of the church?
A5: King Henry III
Alaska (Geography and places)

According to an October 1998 report by the United States Bureau of Land Management, approximately 65% of Alaska is owned and managed by the U.S. federal government as public lands, including a multitude of national forests, national parks, and national wildlife refuges. Of these, the Bureau of Land Management manages 87 million acres (35 million hectares), or 23.8% of the state. The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. It is the world's largest wildlife refuge, comprising 16 million acres (6.5 million hectares).

Q1: What percentage of Alaska is maintained by the US federal government?
A1: 65%
Q2: What types of areas are managed by the federal government as public lands?
A2: national forests, national parks, and national wildlife refuges
Q3: How many acres is the Bureau of Land Management in charge of?
A3: 87 million
Q4: How much of the state is controlled by the Bureau of Land Management?
A4: 23.8%
Q5: What is the world's largest wildlife refuge?
A5: The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
Somalis (Geography and places)

According to an autosomal DNA study by Hodgson et al. (2014), the Afro-Asiatic languages were likely spread across Africa and the Near East by an ancestral population(s) carrying a newly identified non-African genetic component, which the researchers dub the "Ethio-Somali". This Ethio-Somali component is today most common among Afro-Asiatic-speaking populations in the Horn of Africa. It reaches a frequency peak among ethnic Somalis, representing the majority of their ancestry. The Ethio-Somali component is most closely related to the Maghrebi non-African genetic component, and is believed to have diverged from all other non-African ancestries at least 23,000 years ago. On this basis, the researchers suggest that the original Ethio-Somali carrying population(s) probably arrived in the pre-agricultural period from the Near East, having crossed over into northeastern Africa via the Sinai Peninsula. The population then likely split into two branches, with one group heading westward toward the Maghreb and the other moving south into the Horn.

Q1: When did Hodgson publish his DNA study?
A1: 2014
Q2: According to Hodgson, what ancestral people spread the Afro-Asiatic languages?
A2: Ethio-Somali
Q3: According to Hodgson, what people is mostly descended from Ethio-Somalis?
A3: Somalis
Q4: According to Hodgson, how long ago did the Ethio-Somalis diverge from other non-African ancestries?
A4: at least 23,000 years ago
Q5: According to Hodgson, where did the Ethio-Somalis originate?
A5: the Near East
Clothing (Natural sciences)

According to archaeologists and anthropologists, the earliest clothing likely consisted of fur, leather, leaves, or grass that were draped, wrapped, or tied around the body. Knowledge of such clothing remains inferential, since clothing materials deteriorate quickly compared to stone, bone, shell and metal artifacts. Archeologists have identified very early sewing needles of bone and ivory from about 30,000 BC, found near Kostenki, Russia in 1988. Dyed flax fibers that could have been used in clothing have been found in a prehistoric cave in the Republic of Georgia that date back to 36,000 BP.

Q1: How was the earliest clothing kept on the body?
A1: tied around
Q2: What does clothing materials do more quickly compared to stone and bone?
A2: deteriorate
Q3: Who has identified needles from about 30,000 B.C.?
A3: Archeologists
Q4: Where have flax fibers which may have been used in clothing found?
A4: a prehistoric cave
Q5: What dates back to 36,000 BP?
A5: Dyed flax fibers
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

According to author Michael Carrithers, while there are good reasons to doubt the traditional account, "the outline of the life must be true: birth, maturity, renunciation, search, awakening and liberation, teaching, death." In writing her biography of the Buddha, Karen Armstrong noted, "It is obviously difficult, therefore, to write a biography of the Buddha that meets modern criteria, because we have very little information that can be considered historically sound... [but] we can be reasonably confident Siddhatta Gotama did indeed exist and that his disciples preserved the memory of his life and teachings as well as they could."[dubious – discuss]

Q1: Who said "the outline of the life must be true: birth, maturity, renunciation, search, awakening and liberation, teaching, death."?
A1: Michael Carrithers
Q2: What are some of the outlines of life?
A2: birth, maturity, renunciation
Q3: Who wrote a biography of Buddha?
A3: Karen Armstrong
Q4: What do some say is Buddha's real name?
A4: Siddhatta Gotama
Q5: What are the helpers called that helped Buddha?
A5: disciples
Q6: Who believes "the outline of the life must be true" in reference to Buddha?
A6: Michael Carrithers
Q7: Karen Armstrong wrote a biography on who?
A7: the Buddha
Q8: Karen Armstrong has said that we can be confident who existed?
A8: Siddhatta Gotama