LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Czech_language (Language and literature)

Although older German loanwords were colloquial, recent borrowings from other languages are associated with high culture. During the nineteenth century, words with Greek and Latin roots were rejected in favor of those based on older Czech words and common Slavic roots; "music" is muzyka in Polish and музыка (muzyka) in Russian, but in Czech it is hudba. Some Czech words have been borrowed as loanwords into English and other languages—for example, robot (from robota, "labor") and polka (from polka, "Polish woman" or from "půlka" "half").

Q1: In Czech, what are loanwords from other languages associated with?
A1: high culture
Q2: What word roots in the 19th century were rejected in favor of words with more common Slavic roots?
A2: Greek and Latin
Q3: How does one say the word "music" in Czech?
A3: hudba
Q4: What Czech word did the English "robot" derive from?
A4: robota
Q5: What is the meaning of the Czech word "robota"?
A5: labor
Egypt (Geography and places)

Although one of the main obstacles still facing the Egyptian economy is the limited trickle down of wealth to the average population, many Egyptians criticise their government for higher prices of basic goods while their standards of living or purchasing power remains relatively stagnant. Corruption is often cited by Egyptians as the main impediment to further economic growth. The government promised major reconstruction of the country's infrastructure, using money paid for the newly acquired third mobile license ($3 billion) by Etisalat in 2006. In the Corruption Perceptions Index 2013, Egypt was ranked 114 out of 177.

Q1: To what extent does wealth reach from affluent down to average population?
A1: limited trickle down
Q2: Who do Egyptians blame for higher prices, while purchasing power and standard of living are stagnate?
A2: government
Q3: Where did Egyptian plan to get funds to use for reconstruction of infrastructure?
A3: newly acquired third mobile license ($3 billion) by Etisalat
Q4: Where did Egypt rank in Corruption perceptions Index in 2013?
A4: 114 out of 177
Memory (Social sciences and society)

Although people often think that memory operates like recording equipment, it is not the case. The molecular mechanisms underlying the induction and maintenance of memory are very dynamic and comprise distinct phases covering a time window from seconds to even a lifetime. In fact, research has revealed that our memories are constructed. People can construct their memories when they encode them and/or when they recall them. To illustrate, consider a classic study conducted by Elizabeth Loftus and John Palmer (1974) in which people were instructed to watch a film of a traffic accident and then asked about what they saw. The researchers found that the people who were asked, "How fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?" gave higher estimates than those who were asked, "How fast were the cars going when they hit each other?" Furthermore, when asked a week later whether they have seen broken glass in the film, those who had been asked the question with smashed were twice more likely to report that they have seen broken glass than those who had been asked the question with hit. There was no broken glass depicted in the film. Thus, the wording of the questions distorted viewers’ memories of the event. Importantly, the wording of the question led people to construct different memories of the event – those who were asked the question with smashed recalled a more serious car accident than they had actually seen. The findings of this experiment were replicated around the world, and researchers consistently demonstrated that when people were provided with misleading information they tended to misremember, a phenomenon known as the misinformation effect.

Q1: What has research shown about our memories?
A1: our memories are constructed
Q2: How does a person build their memories?
A2: when they encode them and/or when they recall them.
Q3: What did a study done by Elizabeth Loftus and John palmer show?
A3: that when people were provided with misleading information they tended to misremember, a phenomenon known as the misinformation effect.
Q4: In their study what did people say they say when they really hadn't due to having the word "smashed" inserted into the question?
A4: broken glass
Insect (Natural sciences)

Although pest insects attract the most attention, many insects are beneficial to the environment and to humans. Some insects, like wasps, bees, butterflies and ants, pollinate flowering plants. Pollination is a mutualistic relationship between plants and insects. As insects gather nectar from different plants of the same species, they also spread pollen from plants on which they have previously fed. This greatly increases plants' ability to cross-pollinate, which maintains and possibly even improves their evolutionary fitness. This ultimately affects humans since ensuring healthy crops is critical to agriculture. As well as pollination ants help with seed distribution of plants. This helps to spread the plants which increases plant diversity. This leads to an overall better environment. A serious environmental problem is the decline of populations of pollinator insects, and a number of species of insects are now cultured primarily for pollination management in order to have sufficient pollinators in the field, orchard or greenhouse at bloom time.:240–243 Another solution, as shown in Delaware, has been to raise native plants to help support native pollinators like L. vierecki. Insects also produce useful substances such as honey, wax, lacquer and silk. Honey bees have been cultured by humans for thousands of years for honey, although contracting for crop pollination is becoming more significant for beekeepers. The silkworm has greatly affected human history, as silk-driven trade established relationships between China and the rest of the world.

Q1: What kind of insects attract the most attention from humans?
A1: pest insects
Q2: Many insects are what to the environment?
A2: beneficial
Q3: What do bees, wasps, butterflies, and ants do to flowers?
A3: pollinate
Q4: What do insects gather from plants?
A4: nectar
Q5: What kind of environmental problem would occur without pollination?
A5: serious
Professional_wrestling (Sports and recreation)

Although professional wrestling in Mexico (lucha libre) also has stories and characters, they are less emphasized. Wrestlers in Mexico are traditionally more agile and perform more aerial maneuvers than professional wrestlers in the U.S. who, more often, rely on power moves and strikes to subdue their opponents. The difference in styles is due to the independent evolution of the sport in Mexico beginning in the 1930s and the fact that wrestlers in the cruiserweight division (peso semicompleto) are often the most popular wrestlers in Mexican lucha libre. Wrestlers often execute high flying moves characteristic of lucha libre by utilizing the wrestling ring's ropes to catapult themselves towards their opponents, using intricate combinations in rapid-fire succession, and applying complex submission holds. Lucha libre is also known for its tag team wrestling matches, in which the teams are often made up of three members, instead of two as is common in the U.S.

Q1: How do characters differ in Mexican wrestling?
A1: they are less emphasized
Q2: How are Mexican wrestlers different? 
A2: more agile and perform more aerial maneuvers
Q3: What do American wrestlers depend on? 
A3: rely on power moves and strikes to subdue their opponents
Q4: What else is lucha libre known for?
A4: tag team wrestling matches
Q5: How does lucha libre's tag team matches differ? 
A5: often made up of three members, instead of two as is common in the U.S
Professional_wrestling (Sports and recreation)

Although professional wrestling is worked, there is a high chance of injury, and even death. Strikes are often stiff, especially in Japan and in independent wrestling promotions such as Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW) and Ring of Honor (ROH). The ring is often made out of 2 by 8 timber planks. Many of the injuries that occur in pro wrestling are shoulders, knee, back, neck, and rib injuries. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy and traumatic brain injuries have also been linked to pro wrestling, including in the double-murder suicide case involving Chris Benoit. Professional wrestler Davey Richards said in 2015, "We train to take damage, we know we are going to take damage and we accept that".

Q1: What are the risks of wrestling?
A1: high chance of injury, and even death
Q2: What is the ring commonly made of?
A2: 2 by 8 timber planks
Q3: What are common injuries in wrestling?
A3: shoulders, knee, back, neck, and rib injuries
Q4: What other injuries have been connected with wrestling?
A4: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy and traumatic brain injuries
Q5: Chris Benoit was involved in what tragic event? 
A5: double-murder suicide case
Professional_wrestling (Sports and recreation)

Although professional wrestling started out as petty acts in sideshows, traveling circuses and carnivals, today it is a billion-dollar industry. Revenue is drawn from live event ticket sales, network television broadcasts, pay-per-view broadcasts, personal appearances by performers, branded merchandise and home video. Particularly since the 1950s, pro wrestling events have frequently been responsible for sellout crowds at large arenas, including Madison Square Garden, as well as football stadiums, by promotions including the WWE, the NWA territory system, WCW, and AWA. Pro wrestling was also instrumental in making pay-per-view a viable method of content delivery. Annual shows such as WrestleMania, SummerSlam, Royal Rumble, and formerly Bash at the Beach, Halloween Havoc and Starrcade are among the highest-selling pay-per-view programming each year. In modern day, internet programming has been utilized by a number of companies to air web shows, internet pay-per-views (iPPVs) or on-demand content, helping to generate internet-related revenue earnings from the evolving World Wide Web.

Q1: Where does the money made from wrestling come from?
A1: live event ticket sales, network television broadcasts, pay-per-view broadcasts, personal appearances by performers, branded merchandise and home video
Q2: Where large places are some of the major wrestling shows held at?
A2: Madison Square Garden, as well as football stadiums
Q3: What has the internet been utilized for in wrestling?
A3: to air web shows, internet pay-per-views (iPPVs) or on-demand content
Q4: what wrestling shows occur yearly?
A4: WrestleMania, SummerSlam, Royal Rumble, and formerly Bash at the Beach, Halloween Havoc and Starrcade
Q5: In which decade did wrestling start becoming very popular?
A5: Particularly since the 1950s, pro wrestling events have frequently been responsible for sellout crowds at large arenas
United_States_Air_Force (Warfare)

Although provision is made in Title 10 of the United States Code for the Secretary of the Air Force to appoint warrant officers, the Air Force does not currently use warrant officer grades, and is the only one of the U.S. Armed Services not to do so. The Air Force inherited warrant officer ranks from the Army at its inception in 1947, but their place in the Air Force structure was never made clear.[citation needed] When the Congress authorized the creation of two new senior enlisted ranks in 1958, Air Force officials privately concluded that these two new "super grades" could fill all Air Force needs then performed at the warrant officer level, although this was not publicly acknowledged until years later.[citation needed] The Air Force stopped appointing warrant officers in 1959, the same year the first promotions were made to the new top enlisted grade, Chief Master Sergeant. Most of the existing Air Force warrant officers entered the commissioned officer ranks during the 1960s, but small numbers continued to exist in the warrant officer grades for the next 21 years.

Q1: What section in the US Code for the Secretary of the Air Force allows for the appointment of warrant officers?
A1: Title 10
Q2: When did the USAF inherit warrant officer ranks from the Army?
A2: 1947
Q3: When did Congress authorize the creation of two new senior officer grades?
A3: 1958
Q4: When did the USAF stop appointing warrant officers?
A4: 1959
Q5: What is the newest top enlisted grade in the USAF?
A5: Chief Master Sergeant
Franco-Prussian_War (History)

Although public opinion in Paris was strongly against any form of surrender or concession to the Prussians, the Government realised that it could not hold the city for much longer, and that Gambetta's provincial armies would probably never break through to relieve Paris. President Trochu resigned on 25 January and was replaced by Favre, who signed the surrender two days later at Versailles, with the armistice coming into effect at midnight. Several sources claim that in his carriage on the way back to Paris, Favre broke into tears, and collapsed into his daughter's arms as the guns around Paris fell silent at midnight. At Tours, Gambetta received word from Paris on 30 January that the Government had surrendered. Furious, he refused to surrender and launched an immediate attack on German forces at Orleans which, predictably, failed. A delegation of Parisian diplomats arrived in Tours by train on 5 February to negotiate with Gambetta, and the following day Gambetta stepped down and surrendered control of the provincial armies to the Government of National Defence, which promptly ordered a cease-fire across France.

Q1: What was public opinion in Paris strongly opposed to?
A1: any form of surrender
Q2: On what date did president Trochu resign?
A2: 25 January
Q3: Who replaced President Trochu?
A3: Favre
Q4: In which French city was the surrender made official?
A4: Versailles
Q5: Who disregarded the surrender and launched a failed attack on the Germans?
A5: Gambetta
Near_East (Geography and places)

Although racial and colonial definitions of the Middle East are no longer considered ideologically sound, the sentiment of unity persists. For much, but by no means all, of the Middle East, the predominance of Islam lends some unity, as does the transient accident of geographical continuity. Otherwise there is but little basis except for history and convention to lump together peoples of multiple, often unrelated languages, governments, loyalties and customs.

Q1: What sentiment persists even though racial and colonial definitions of the Middle East are no longer ideologically sound?
A1: sentiment of unity
Q2: What definitions of the Middle East are no longer ideologically sound?
A2: racial and colonial definitions
Q3: What are racial and colonial definitions of the Middle East considered?
A3: no longer considered ideologically sound
Adolescence (Natural sciences)

Although research has been inconclusive, some findings have indicated that electronic communication negatively affects adolescents' social development, replaces face-to-face communication, impairs their social skills, and can sometimes lead to unsafe interaction with strangers. A 2015 review reported that “adolescents lack awareness of strategies to cope with cyberbullying, which has been consistently associated with an increased likelihood of depression.” Studies have shown differences in the ways the internet negatively impacts the adolescents' social functioning. Online socializing tends to make girls particularly vulnerable, while socializing in Internet cafés seems only to affect boys academic achievement. However, other research suggests that Internet communication brings friends closer and is beneficial for socially anxious teens, who find it easier to interact socially online. The more conclusive finding has been that Internet use has a negative effect on the physical health of adolescents, as time spent using the Internet replaces time doing physical activities. However, the Internet can be significantly useful in educating teens because of the access they have to information on many various topics.

Q1: According to research findings, does Internet use have a positive or negative effect on teen physical health?
A1: negative
Q2: Why do research findings believe the Internet has a negative effect on teen physical health?
A2: time spent using the Internet replaces time doing physical activities
Q3: How can the Internet be beneficial for socially anxious teens?
A3: easier to interact socially online
Q4: Which online activity has been consistently associated with increased liklihood of depression?
A4: cyberbullying
Transistor (Engineering and technology)

Although several companies each produce over a billion individually packaged (known as discrete) transistors every year, the vast majority of transistors are now produced in integrated circuits (often shortened to IC, microchips or simply chips), along with diodes, resistors, capacitors and other electronic components, to produce complete electronic circuits. A logic gate consists of up to about twenty transistors whereas an advanced microprocessor, as of 2009, can use as many as 3 billion transistors (MOSFETs). "About 60 million transistors were built in 2002… for [each] man, woman, and child on Earth."

Q1: How many transistors make up a logic gate?
A1: up to about twenty transistors
Q2: How many transistors make up a microprocessor?
A2: as many as 3 billion transistors
Q3: How many transistors were made in 2002?
A3: 60 million transistors were built in 2002… for [each] man, woman, and child
Q4: How many individually packaged transistors are produced each year?
A4: over a billion
Q5: What are some abbreviations for integrated circuits?
A5: IC, microchips or simply chips
Sumer (History)

Although short-lived, one of the first empires known to history was that of Eannatum of Lagash, who annexed practically all of Sumer, including Kish, Uruk, Ur, and Larsa, and reduced to tribute the city-state of Umma, arch-rival of Lagash. In addition, his realm extended to parts of Elam and along the Persian Gulf. He seems to have used terror as a matter of policy. Eannatum's Stele of the Vultures depicts vultures pecking at the severed heads and other body parts of his enemies. His empire collapsed shortly after his death.

Q1: What is one of the first empires known in history?
A1: Eannatum of Lagash,
Q2: What city-state was the rival of Lagash?
A2: Umma
Q3: What did Eannatum annex?
A3: practically all of Sumer
Q4: What did Eannatum use to keep the people of the time in line?
A4: terror
Q5: What happened to Eannatum's empire after his death?
A5: collapsed
Orthodox_Judaism (Philosophy and religion)

Although sizable Orthodox Jewish communities are located throughout the United States, many American Orthodox Jews live in New York State, particularly in the New York City Metropolitan Area. Two of the main Orthodox communities in the United States are located in New York City and Rockland County. In New York City, the neighborhoods of Borough Park, Midwood, Williamsburg, and Crown Heights, located in the borough of Brooklyn, have particularly large Orthodox communities. The most rapidly growing community of American Orthodox Jews is located in Rockland County and the Hudson Valley of New York, including the communities of Monsey, Monroe, New Square, and Kiryas Joel. There are also sizable and rapidly growing Orthodox communities throughout New Jersey, particularly in Lakewood, Teaneck, Englewood, Passaic, and Fair Lawn.

Q1: Where do many American Orthodox Jews live?
A1: New York State
Q2: Borough Park, Midwood, Williamsburg and Crown heights have particularly large communities of what?
A2: American Orthodox Jews
Q3: Where is a sizeable and rapidly growing Orthodox community currently located besides New York State?
A3: New Jersey
Q4: Where is the most rapidly growing community of American orthodox jews located?
A4: Rockland County
Pope_Paul_VI (Philosophy and religion)

Although some cardinals seem to have viewed him as papabile, a likely candidate to become pope, and may have received some votes in the 1958 conclave, Montini was not yet a cardinal, which made him an unlikely choice.[c] Angelo Roncalli was elected pope on 28 October 1958 and assumed the name John XXIII. On 17 November 1958, L'Osservatore Romano announced a consistory for the creation of new cardinals. Montini's name led the list. When the pope raised Montini to the cardinalate on 15 December 1958, he became Cardinal-Priest of Ss. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti. He appointed him simultaneously to several Vatican congregations which resulted in many visits by Montini to Rome in the coming years.

Q1: What role was Montini not considered a likely candidate for?
A1: pope
Q2: What had Montini yet to become?
A2: a cardinal,
Q3: Who was elected pope in 1958?
A3: Angelo Roncalli
Q4: When did Montini finally become a cardinal?
A4: 15 December 1958
Q5: What doicese did Montini become cardinal of?
A5: Ss. Silvestro e Martino
Textual_criticism (Language and literature)

Although some earlier unpublished studies had been prepared, not until the early 1970s was true textual criticism applied to the Book of Mormon. At that time BYU Professor Ellis Rasmussen and his associates were asked by the LDS Church to begin preparation for a new edition of the Holy Scriptures. One aspect of that effort entailed digitizing the text and preparing appropriate footnotes, another aspect required establishing the most dependable text. To that latter end, Stanley R. Larson (a Rasmussen graduate student) set about applying modern text critical standards to the manuscripts and early editions of the Book of Mormon as his thesis project – which he completed in 1974. To that end, Larson carefully examined the Original Manuscript (the one dictated by Joseph Smith to his scribes) and the Printer’s Manuscript (the copy Oliver Cowdery prepared for the Printer in 1829–1830), and compared them with the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd editions of the Book of Mormon to determine what sort of changes had occurred over time and to make judgments as to which readings were the most original. Larson proceeded to publish a useful set of well-argued articles on the phenomena which he had discovered. Many of his observations were included as improvements in the 1981 LDS edition of the Book of Mormon.

Q1: When did textual criticism applied to the Book of Mormon?
A1: the early 1970s
Q2: What was one portion of preparing a new edition of the Holy Scriptures?
A2: digitizing the text and preparing appropriate footnotes
Q3: How was the most reliable version of the Holy Scriptures determined?
A3: applying modern text critical standards to the manuscripts
Q4: When did Larson finish his project?
A4: 1974
Q5: Whose observations were included in the 1981 publication of the Book of Mormon?
A5: Larson
Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas (History)

Although some indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers—and many, especially in Amazonia, still are—many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. The impact of their agricultural endowment to the world is a testament to their time and work in reshaping and cultivating the flora indigenous to the Americas. Although some societies depended heavily on agriculture, others practiced a mix of farming, hunting, and gathering. In some regions the indigenous peoples created monumental architecture, large-scale organized cities, chiefdoms, states, and empires.

Q1: What were many of the indigenous people of the Americas traditionally?
A1: hunter-gatherers
Q2: What did many segments of the indigenous population also practice?
A2: aquaculture and agriculture
Q3: What remains as a testament to the time and work the indigenous people spent cultivating the flora of the Americas?
A3: agricultural endowment
Q4: What did many of the societies practice a mix of?
A4: farming, hunting, and gathering
Q5: Large cities, chiefdoms, monuments and empires were just some of the things created by which peoples?
A5: indigenous