LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Queen_Victoria (History)

Eleven days after Orsini's assassination attempt in France, Victoria's eldest daughter married Prince Frederick William of Prussia in London. They had been betrothed since September 1855, when Princess Victoria was 14 years old; the marriage was delayed by the Queen and Prince Albert until the bride was 17. The Queen and Albert hoped that their daughter and son-in-law would be a liberalising influence in the enlarging Prussian state. Victoria felt "sick at heart" to see her daughter leave England for Germany; "It really makes me shudder", she wrote to Princess Victoria in one of her frequent letters, "when I look round to all your sweet, happy, unconscious sisters, and think I must give them up too – one by one." Almost exactly a year later, Princess Victoria gave birth to the Queen's first grandchild, Wilhelm, who would become the last German Kaiser.

Q1: Who did Victorias eldest daughter marry?
A1: Prince Frederick William of Prussia
Q2: Where did Victoria's oldest daughter get married?
A2: London
Q3: How old was Princess Victoria when she agreed to marry the Prince?
A3: 14
Q4: How old was Princess Victoria when she was married?
A4: 17
Q5: Where did princess Victoria move to after she was married?
A5: Germany
Q6: Who did Princess Victoria marry at the age of 17? 
A6: Prince Frederick William of Prussia
Q7: How old was Princess Victoria when she became engaged to Prince Frederick? 
A7: 14
Q8: Where did Princess Victoria and her husband leave for after their marriage? 
A8: Germany
Q9: What was the name of Queen Victoria's first grandchild? 
A9: Wilhelm
Q10: What position did Wilhelm later hold in Germany? 
A10: last German Kaiser
Q11: When was Victoria's oldest daughter married?
A11: Eleven days after Orsini's assassination attempt
Q12: How old was Victoria's oldest daughter when she was amrried?
A12: 17
Q13: What did Queen Victoria hope for the marriage between her daughter and Prince Frederick William?
A13: liberalising influence in the enlarging Prussian state
Q14: Who was the Queen's first grandchild?
A14: Wilhelm
Q15: What future awaited the first grandson of Queen Victoria?
A15: the last German Kaiser
Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact (History)

Eleven days after the Soviet invasion of the Polish Kresy, the secret protocol of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact was modified by the German–Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Demarcation,) allotting Germany a larger part of Poland and transferring Lithuania's territory (with the exception of left bank of river Scheschupe, the "Lithuanian Strip") from the envisioned German sphere to the Soviets. On 28 September 1939, the Soviet Union and German Reich issued a joint declaration in which they declared:

Q1: After amending the joint agreement, who received the larger portion of Lithuania?
A1: Germany
Q2: What was the amended joint agreement called?
A2: German–Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Demarcation
Q3: How long after the annexation of Kresy was the amendment made?
A3: Eleven days
Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact (History)

Elimination of Polish elites and intelligentia was part of Generalplan Ost. The Intelligenzaktion, a plan to eliminate the Polish intelligentsia, Poland's 'leadership class', took place soon after the German invasion of Poland, lasting from fall of 1939 till spring of 1940. As the result of this operation in 10 regional actions about 60,000 Polish nobles, teachers, social workers, priests, judges and political activists were killed. It was continued in May 1940 when Germany launched AB-Aktion, More than 16,000 members of the intelligentsia were murdered in Operation Tannenberg alone.

Q1: Who were the “intelligentia?” 
A1: Polish nobles, teachers, social workers, priests, judges and political activists
Q2: How long did liquidation occur?
A2: fall of 1939 till spring of 1940
Q3:  How many intelligentia were killed during operation AB-Akiton?
A3: 16,000 members
Humanism (Philosophy and religion)

Eliot and her circle, who included her companion George Henry Lewes (the biographer of Goethe) and the abolitionist and social theorist Harriet Martineau, were much influenced by the positivism of Auguste Comte, whom Martineau had translated. Comte had proposed an atheistic culte founded on human principles – a secular Religion of Humanity (which worshiped the dead, since most humans who have ever lived are dead), complete with holidays and liturgy, modeled on the rituals of what was seen as a discredited and dilapidated Catholicism. Although Comte's English followers, like Eliot and Martineau, for the most part rejected the full gloomy panoply of his system, they liked the idea of a religion of humanity. Comte's austere vision of the universe, his injunction to "vivre pour altrui" ("live for others", from which comes the word "altruism"), and his idealisation of women inform the works of Victorian novelists and poets from George Eliot and Matthew Arnold to Thomas Hardy.

Q1: What abolitionist was greatly affected by the writings of Comte?
A1: Harriet Martineau
Q2: What type of idea did he pose which was focused on facets of humanism?
A2: atheistic
Q3: What main idea did the English believers of Comte's philosophy take from his writings?
A3: religion of humanity
Q4: What currently used word was based in ideas from this philosopher?
A4: altruism
Near_East (Geography and places)

Elizabeth I of England, primarily interested in trade with the east, collaborated with English merchants to form the first trading companies to the far-flung regions, using their own jargon. Their goals were to obtain trading concessions by treaty. The queen chartered the Company of Merchants of the Levant, shortened to Levant Company, and soon known also as The Turkey Company, in 1581. In 1582, the ship The Great Susan transported the first ambassador, William Harebone, to the Ottoman Porte (government of the Ottoman Empire) at Constantinople. Compared to Anatolia, Levant also means "land of the rising sun," but where Anatolia always only meant the projection of land currently occupied by the Republic of Turkey, Levant meant anywhere in the domain ruled by the Ottoman Porte. The East India Company (short for a much longer formal name) was chartered in 1600 for trade to the East Indies.

Q1: Where was Elizabeth I from?
A1: England
Q2: What was Elizabeth primarily interested in? 
A2: trade with the east
Q3: Who did Elizabeth I collaborate with?
A3: English merchants
Q4: What was the goal of the first trading companies?
A4: obtain trading concessions by treaty
Q5: What company was charted in 1600 for trade to the East Indies?
A5: The East India Company
Elizabeth_II (History)

Elizabeth and Philip were married on 20 November 1947 at Westminster Abbey. They received 2500 wedding gifts from around the world. Because Britain had not yet completely recovered from the devastation of the war, Elizabeth required ration coupons to buy the material for her gown, which was designed by Norman Hartnell. In post-war Britain, it was not acceptable for the Duke of Edinburgh's German relations, including his three surviving sisters, to be invited to the wedding. The Duke of Windsor, formerly King Edward VIII, was not invited either.

Q1: When were Elizabeth and Philip married?
A1: 20 November 1947
Q2: At what famous cathedral was Elizabeth married?
A2: Westminster Abbey
Q3: How many wedding gifts did Elizabeth and Philip receive?
A3: 2500
Q4: Who designed Elizabeth's wedding gown?
A4: Norman Hartnell
Q5: What former King was not invited to the wedding?
A5: Duke of Windsor
Elizabeth_II (History)

Elizabeth has held many titles and honorary military positions throughout the Commonwealth, is Sovereign of many orders in her own countries, and has received honours and awards from around the world. In each of her realms she has a distinct title that follows a similar formula: Queen of Jamaica and her other realms and territories in Jamaica, Queen of Australia and her other realms and territories in Australia, etc. In the Channel Islands and Isle of Man, which are Crown dependencies rather than separate realms, she is known as Duke of Normandy and Lord of Mann, respectively. Additional styles include Defender of the Faith and Duke of Lancaster. When in conversation with the Queen, the practice is to initially address her as Your Majesty and thereafter as Ma'am.

Q1: What feature do Elizabeth's titles usually follow in each country?
A1: similar formula
Q2: What are the Channel Islands and the Isle of Mann?
A2: Crown dependencies
Q3: What si Elizabeth's title in the Channel Islands?
A3: Duke of Normandy
Q4: What is Elizabeth's title on the Isle of Mann?
A4: Lord of Mann
Q5: Once in conversation with the Queen, how is Elizabeth addressed?
A5: Ma'am
Elizabeth_II (History)

Elizabeth was born at 02:40 (GMT) on 21 April 1926, during the reign of her paternal grandfather, King George V. Her father, Prince Albert, Duke of York (later King George VI), was the second son of the King. Her mother, Elizabeth, Duchess of York (later Queen Elizabeth), was the youngest daughter of Scottish aristocrat Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne. She was delivered by Caesarean section at her maternal grandfather's London house: 17 Bruton Street, Mayfair. She was baptised by the Anglican Archbishop of York, Cosmo Gordon Lang, in the private chapel of Buckingham Palace on 29 May,[c] and named Elizabeth after her mother, Alexandra after George V's mother, who had died six months earlier, and Mary after her paternal grandmother. Called "Lilibet" by her close family, based on what she called herself at first, she was cherished by her grandfather George V, and during his serious illness in 1929 her regular visits were credited in the popular press and by later biographers with raising his spirits and aiding his recovery.

Q1: During whose reign was Elizabeth born?
A1: King George V
Q2: What was Elizabeth's fathers title at the time of her birth?
A2: Prince Albert, Duke of York
Q3: What title and name did Elizabeth's father take upon becoming king?
A3: King George VI
Q4: Which Bishop of York baptized Elizabeth? 
A4: Cosmo Gordon Lang
Q5: What was Elizabeth's nickname when she was young?
A5: Lilibet
Elizabeth_II (History)

Elizabeth was born in London to the Duke and Duchess of York, later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, and was the elder of their two daughters. She was educated privately at home. Her father acceded to the throne on the abdication of his brother Edward VIII in 1936, from which time she was the heir presumptive. She began to undertake public duties during World War II, serving in the Auxiliary Territorial Service. In 1947, she married Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, with whom she has four children: Charles, Anne, Andrew, and Edward.

Q1: In what city was Elizabeth born?
A1: London
Q2: At the time of her birth, what was the rank of Elizabeth's parents?
A2: Duke and Duchess of York
Q3: What were Elizabeth's parents' titles after ascending to the throne?
A3: King George VI and Queen Elizabeth
Q4: How many children did Elizabeth's parents have?
A4: two daughters
Q5: What event caused Elizabeth's father to become King?
A5: abdication of his brother
Elizabeth_II (History)

Elizabeth's many historic visits and meetings include a state visit to the Republic of Ireland and reciprocal visits to and from the Pope. She has seen major constitutional changes, such as devolution in the United Kingdom, Canadian patriation, and the decolonisation of Africa. She has also reigned through various wars and conflicts involving many of her realms. She is the world's oldest reigning monarch as well as Britain's longest-lived. In 2015, she surpassed the reign of her great-great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, to become the longest-reigning British head of state and the longest-reigning queen regnant in world history.

Q1: Who is the world's oldest reigning monarch?
A1: Elizabeth
Q2: Than which queen has Elizabeth ruled longer?
A2: Queen Victoria
Q3: How is Victoria related to Elizabeth?
A3: great-great-grandmother
Q4: In what year did Elizabeth pass Victoria's length of rule?
A4: 2015
Q5: In the history of what is Elizabeth the longest reigning queen?
A5: world history
Elizabeth_II (History)

Elizabeth's only sibling, Princess Margaret, was born in 1930. The two princesses were educated at home under the supervision of their mother and their governess, Marion Crawford, who was casually known as "Crawfie". Lessons concentrated on history, language, literature and music. Crawford published a biography of Elizabeth and Margaret's childhood years entitled The Little Princesses in 1950, much to the dismay of the royal family. The book describes Elizabeth's love of horses and dogs, her orderliness, and her attitude of responsibility. Others echoed such observations: Winston Churchill described Elizabeth when she was two as "a character. She has an air of authority and reflectiveness astonishing in an infant." Her cousin Margaret Rhodes described her as "a jolly little girl, but fundamentally sensible and well-behaved".

Q1: Who was Elizabeth only sibling?P
A1: Princess Margaret
Q2: When was Princess Margaret born?
A2: 1930
Q3: Where were the royal princesses educated?
A3: at home
Q4: Who was Marion Crawford to the princesses?
A4: governess
Q5: What was the title of the book written by Crawford about the princesses?
A5: The Little Princesses
Elizabeth_II (History)

Elizabeth's personal fortune has been the subject of speculation for many years. Jock Colville, who was her former private secretary and a director of her bank, Coutts, estimated her wealth in 1971 at £2 million (equivalent to about £25 million today). In 1993, Buckingham Palace called estimates of £100 million "grossly overstated". She inherited an estimated £70 million estate from her mother in 2002. The Sunday Times Rich List 2015 estimated her private wealth at £340 million, making her the 302nd richest person in the UK.

Q1: What has been a subject of speculation concerning Elizabeth's wealth?
A1: personal fortune
Q2: What was Elizabeth's wealth extimated to be in 1971?
A2: £2 million
Q3: What did the palace call estimates of Elizabeth wealth in 1993?
A3: "grossly overstated"
Q4: What did the Sunday Times estimate Elizabeth's fortune to be in 2015?
A4: £340 million
Q5: Where does Elizabeth's wealth place her in the list of the richest in the UK?
A5: 302nd
Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty (History)

Elliot Sperling, a specialist of Indian studies and the director of the Tibetan Studies program at Indiana University’s Department of Central Eurasia Studies, writes that "the idea that Tibet became part of China in the 13th century is a very recent construction." He writes that Chinese writers of the early 20th century were of the view that Tibet was not annexed by China until the Manchu Qing dynasty invasion during the 18th century. He also states that Chinese writers of the early 20th century described Tibet as a feudal dependency of China, not an integral part of it. Sperling states that this is because "Tibet was ruled as such, within the empires of the Mongols and the Manchus" and also that "China's intervening Ming dynasty ... had no control over Tibet." He writes that the Ming relationship with Tibet is problematic for China’s insistence of its unbroken sovereignty over Tibet since the 13th century. As for the Tibetan view that Tibet was never subject to the rule of the Yuan or Qing emperors of China, Sperling also discounts this by stating that Tibet was "subject to rules, laws and decisions made by the Yuan and Qing rulers" and that even Tibetans described themselves as subjects of these emperors.

Q1: Who said Tibet  wasn't an integral part of of China?
A1: Chinese writers of the early 20th century
Q2: What does Sperling claim did not have any control over Tibet?
A2: China's intervening Ming dynasty
Q3: Since what century has Sperling described Ming and Tibet's relation being problematic for China? 
A3: the 13th century
Q4: When was the Manchu Qing dynasty invasion?
A4: the 18th century
Baptists (Philosophy and religion)

Elsewhere in the Americas, in the Caribbean in particular, Baptist missionaries took an active role in the anti-slavery movement. In Jamaica, for example, William Knibb, a prominent British Baptist missionary, worked toward the emancipation of slaves in the British West Indies (which took place in 1838). Knibb also protagonised the creation of "Free Villages"; rural communities centred around a Baptist church where emancipated slaves could farm their own land. Baptists were likewise active in promoting the education of former slaves; for example, Jamaica's Calabar High School, named after the slave port of Calabar, was formed by Baptist missionaries. At the same time, during and after slavery, slaves and free formed their own Spiritual Baptist movements - breakaway spiritual movements which often expressed resistance to oppression.

Q1: Where did Baptist missionaries take an active role in the anti-slavery movement?
A1: the Caribbean
Q2: Who was a prominent British Baptist missionary in Jamaica?
A2: William Knibb
Q3: Where did William Knibb work toward the emancipation of slaves?
A3: the British West Indies
Q4: Knibb also protagonised the creation of what?
A4: Free Villages
Q5: What was named after the slave port of Calabar?
A5: Jamaica's Calabar High School
Southampton (Geography and places)

Elsewhere, remnants of the medieval water supply system devised by the friars can still be seen today. Constructed in 1290, the system carried water from Conduit Head (remnants of which survive near Hill Lane, Shirley) some 1.7 kilometres to the site of the friary inside the town walls. The friars granted use of the water to the town in 1310 and passed on ownership of the water supply system itself in 1420. Further remains can be observed at Conduit House on Commercial Road.

Q1: In what year was the friars' water supply system built in Southampton?
A1: 1290
Q2: Where was the water brought from by the friars' supply system?
A2: Conduit Head
Q3: What year did the friars start letting the rest of Southampton use the water from their system?
A3: 1310
Q4: When was ownership of the medieval water supply system given to the town of Southampton?
A4: 1420
Q5: What's the name of the landmark on Commercial Road where remains of the friars' water system can be seen?
A5: Conduit House
Political_corruption (Social sciences and society)

Embezzlement is the theft of entrusted funds. It is political when it involves public money taken by a public official for use by anyone not specified by the public. A common type of embezzlement is that of personal use of entrusted government resources; for example, when an official assigns public employees to renovate his own house.

Q1: When entrusted funds are stolen, it is called what?
A1: Embezzlement
Q2: It is considered political when it involves what kind of money?
A2: public
Q3: One form of political embezzlement is when a politician uses government resources for what use?
A3: personal
Hard_rock (Music)

Emerging British acts included Free, who released their signature song "All Right Now" (1970), which has received extensive radio airplay in both the UK and US. After the breakup of the band in 1973, vocalist Paul Rodgers joined supergroup Bad Company, whose eponymous first album (1974) was an international hit. The mixture of hard rock and progressive rock, evident in the works of Deep Purple, was pursued more directly by bands like Uriah Heep and Argent. Scottish band Nazareth released their self-titled début album in 1971, producing a blend of hard rock and pop that would culminate in their best selling, Hair of the Dog (1975), which contained the proto-power ballad "Love Hurts". Having enjoyed some national success in the early 1970s, Queen, after the release of Sheer Heart Attack (1974) and A Night at the Opera (1975), gained international recognition with a sound that used layered vocals and guitars and mixed hard rock with heavy metal, progressive rock, and even opera. The latter featured the single "Bohemian Rhapsody", which stayed at number one in the UK charts for nine weeks.

Q1: When did Free break up?
A1: 1973
Q2: What band did Free lead singer Paul Rodgers help form?
A2: Bad Company
Q3: Bad Company's self titled debut album was released in what year?
A3: 1974
Q4: What nationality was the band Nazareth?
A4: Scottish
Q5: What was Queen's massive 1975 hit single called?
A5: "Bohemian Rhapsody"
Dog (Natural sciences)

Emigrants from Siberia that walked across the Bering land bridge into North America may have had dogs in their company, and one writer suggests that the use of sled dogs may have been critical to the success of the waves that entered North America roughly 12,000 years ago, although the earliest archaeological evidence of dog-like canids in North America dates from about 9,400 years ago.:104 Dogs were an important part of life for the Athabascan population in North America, and were their only domesticated animal. Dogs also carried much of the load in the migration of the Apache and Navajo tribes 1,400 years ago. Use of dogs as pack animals in these cultures often persisted after the introduction of the horse to North America.

Q1: What type of working dog may have been the reason so many humans were able to get into North America 12,000 tears ago?
A1: sled dogs
Q2: What did ancient people walk across from Siberia into North America?
A2: Bering land bridge
Q3: How old are the oldest findings of dogs in North America?
A3: 9,400 years
Q4: Evidence places dogs in North America when?
A4: 12,000 years ago
Q5: Dogs were the only domesticated animals for what North American population?
A5: Athabascan
Q6: Dogs contributed to what migration 1400 years ago?
A6: Apache and Navajo tribes
Q7: People still used dogs as pack animals even after what other animal began being used for this purpose?
A7: horse
Antarctica (Natural sciences)

Emilio Marcos Palma was the first person born south of the 60th parallel south (the continental limit according to the Antarctic Treaty), as well as the first one born on the Antarctic mainland, in 1978 at Base Esperanza, on the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula; his parents were sent there along with seven other families by the Argentine government to determine if the continent was suitable for family life. In 1984, Juan Pablo Camacho was born at the Frei Montalva Station, becoming the first Chilean born in Antarctica. Several bases are now home to families with children attending schools at the station. As of 2009, eleven children were born in Antarctica (south of the 60th parallel south): eight at the Argentine Esperanza Base and three at the Chilean Frei Montalva Station.

Q1: Who was the first person born south of the 60th parallel?
A1: Emilio Marcos Palma
Q2: Where is the continental limit of Antarctica?
A2: 60th parallel south
Q3: When was Palma born?
A3: 1978
Q4: What was the Palma family sent to Antarctica to determine?
A4: suitable for family life
Emotion (Natural sciences)

Emotion regulation refers to the cognitive and behavioral strategies people use to influence their own emotional experience. For example, a behavioral strategy in which one avoids a situation to avoid unwanted emotions (e.g., trying not to think about the situation, doing distracting activities, etc.). Depending on the particular school's general emphasis on either cognitive components of emotion, physical energy discharging, or on symbolic movement and facial expression components of emotion, different schools of psychotherapy approach the regulation of emotion differently. Cognitively oriented schools approach them via their cognitive components, such as rational emotive behavior therapy. Yet others approach emotions via symbolic movement and facial expression components (like in contemporary Gestalt therapy).

Q1: What is the term for the strategies used by people to influence their emotional experiences?
A1: Emotion regulation
Q2: What type of strategy involves avoiding a situation where unwanted emotions might be experienced?
A2: behavioral
Q3: Rational emotive behavior therapy is an approach used by what psychotherapy schools?
A3: Cognitively oriented schools
Q4: What sort of therapy might examine emotions based on components of facial expressions?
A4: Gestalt therapy