LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Gene (Natural sciences)

The total complement of genes in an organism or cell is known as its genome, which may be stored on one or more chromosomes. A chromosome consists of a single, very long DNA helix on which thousands of genes are encoded.:4.2 The region of the chromosome at which a particular gene is located is called its locus. Each locus contains one allele of a gene; however, members of a population may have different alleles at the locus, each with a slightly different gene sequence.

Q1: What is the total complement of genes in an organism or cell known as?
A1: its genome
Q2: What does a chromosome consist of?
A2: a single, very long DNA helix
Q3: What is encoded on a chromosome?
A3: thousands of genes
Q4: What is the region of the chromosome at which a particular gene is located called?
A4: its locus
Q5: What does each locus contain?
A5: one allele of a gene
Energy (Natural sciences)

The total energy of a system can be subdivided and classified in various ways. For example, classical mechanics distinguishes between kinetic energy, which is determined by an object's movement through space, and potential energy, which is a function of the position of an object within a field. It may also be convenient to distinguish gravitational energy, thermal energy, several types of nuclear energy (which utilize potentials from the nuclear force and the weak force), electric energy (from the electric field), and magnetic energy (from the magnetic field), among others. Many of these classifications overlap; for instance, thermal energy usually consists partly of kinetic and partly of potential energy.

Q1: What is determined by an object's movement through space?
A1: kinetic energy
Q2: What usually consists partly of kinetic and partly of potential energy?
A2: thermal energy
Q3: What is a function of the position of an object within a field?
A3: potential energy
Kathmandu (Geography and places)

The total length of roads in Nepal is recorded to be (17,182 km (10,676 mi)), as of 2003–04. This fairly large network has helped the economic development of the country, particularly in the fields of agriculture, horticulture, vegetable farming, industry and also tourism. In view of the hilly terrain, transportation takes place in Kathmandu are mainly by road and air. Kathmandu is connected by the Tribhuvan Highway to the south, Prithvi Highway to the west and Araniko Highway to the north. The BP Highway, connecting Kathmandu to the eastern part of Nepal is under construction.

Q1: As of 2004, how many kilometers of road existed in Nepal?
A1: 17,182
Q2: Why is travel in Kathmandu mainly via automobile or aircraft?
A2: hilly terrain
Q3: What highway connecting Kathmandu to elsewhere in Nepal is currently being built?
A3: BP
Q4: In what direction out of Kathmandu does the Prithvi Highway travel?
A4: west
Q5: If one wished to travel north out of Kathmandu, what highway would be used?
A5: Araniko
Chinese_characters (Language and literature)

The total number of Chinese characters from past to present remains unknowable because new ones are developed all the time – for instance, brands may create new characters when none of the existing ones allow for the intended meaning. Chinese characters are theoretically an open set and anyone can create new characters, though such inventions are rarely included in official character sets. The number of entries in major Chinese dictionaries is the best means of estimating the historical growth of character inventory.

Q1: What remains unknowable?
A1: The total number of Chinese characters from past to present
Q2: What becomes developed all the time?
A2: Chinese characters
Q3: What is the best means of estimating the historical growth of character inventory?
A3: number of entries in major Chinese dictionaries
Greeks (History)

The total number of Greeks living outside Greece and Cyprus today is a contentious issue. Where Census figures are available, they show around 3 million Greeks outside Greece and Cyprus. Estimates provided by the SAE - World Council of Hellenes Abroad put the figure at around 7 million worldwide. According to George Prevelakis of Sorbonne University, the number is closer to just below 5 million. Integration, intermarriage, and loss of the Greek language influence the self-identification of the Omogeneia. Important centres of the New Greek Diaspora today are London, New York, Melbourne and Toronto. In 2010, the Hellenic Parliament introduced a law that enables Diaspora Greeks in Greece to vote in the elections of the Greek state. This law was later repealed in early 2014.

Q1: How many people that are of Greek ascendancy live elsewhere than Greece ?
A1: total number of Greeks living outside Greece and Cyprus today is a contentious issue
Q2: Who provided the contradictory  population numbers for Greeks abroad ?
A2: World Council of Hellenes Abroad
Q3: How many Greeks do they believe would be an accurate number for census numbers ?
A3: World Council of Hellenes Abroad put the figure at around 7 million worldwide
Q4: At what university is this issue of accurate consensus for Greeks living elsewhere being debated an 
A4: Sorbonne University
Q5: Who has presented the contradictory number to the census groups ?
A5: George Prevelakis of Sorbonne University, the number is closer to just below 5 million
Solar_energy (Natural sciences)

The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 EJ per year in biomass. The amount of solar energy reaching the surface of the planet is so vast that in one year it is about twice as much as will ever be obtained from all of the Earth's non-renewable resources of coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium combined,

Q1: Each year the Earth absorbs how much solar energy in exajoules?
A1: 3,850,000
Q2: In 2002, the Sun provided more energy in one hour than humans used in what span of time?
A2: one year
Q3: How much energy in exajoules does photosynthesis capture each year?
A3: 3,000
Q4: Twice the amount of energy obtainable by all the non-renewable sources  on Earth can be provided by the Sun in what span of time?
A4: one year
Q5: What is the amount of solar energy absorbed by the earth?
A5: approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year
Q6: How much solar energy is captured by photosynthesis?
A6: approximately 3,000 EJ per year
Q7: The amount of solar energy per year is twice as much as the energy that will ever be produced from what resources?
A7: coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium combined
House_music (Music)

The tour in March 1987[citation needed] of Knuckles, Jefferson, Fingers Inc. (Heard) and Adonis as the DJ International Tour boosted house in the UK. Following the number-one success of MARRS' "Pump Up The Volume" in October, the years 1987 to 1989 also saw UK acts such as The Beatmasters, Krush, Coldcut, Yazz, Bomb The Bass, S-Express, and Italy's Black Box opening the doors to a house music onslaught on the UK charts. Early British house music quickly set itself apart from the original Chicago house sound;[citation needed] many of the early hits were based on sample montage, rap was often used for vocals (far more than in the US),[citation needed] and humor was frequently an important element.

Q1: what tour boosted house in the UK in the late 80s?
A1: Knuckles, Jefferson, Fingers Inc. (Heard) and Adonis as the DJ International Tour
Q2: when did the DJ International Tour take place?
A2: March 1987
Q3: what was the name of MARRS' number-one single in October 1987?
A3: "Pump Up The Volume"
Q4: what was frequently an important element of UK house music?
A4: humor
Q5: Sample montages were a key difference between british house music and what?
A5: the original Chicago house sound
Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey (Geography and places)

The tourism district would comprise several key areas in the city; the Marina District, Ducktown, Chelsea, South Inlet, Bader Field, and Gardner's Basin. Also included are 10 roadways that lead into the district, including several in the city's northern end, or North Beach. Gardner's Basin, which is home to the Atlantic City Aquarium, was initially left out of the tourism district, while a residential neighborhood in the Chelsea section was removed from the final boundaries, owing to complaints from the city. Also, the inclusion of Bader Field in the district was controversial and received much scrutiny from mayor Lorenzo Langford, who cast the lone "no" vote on the creation of the district citing its inclusion.

Q1: How many roadways will be included in the district?
A1: 10
Q2: What place is home to the Atlantic City Aquarium?
A2: Gardner's Basin
Q3: What place was originally left off of the tourism district?
A3: Gardner's Basin
Q4: Where was the residential neighborhood that was removed from the final boundaries of the district?
A4: Chelsea
Q5: Who cast the lone "no" vote on the creation of the district citing Bader Field's inclusion?
A5: mayor Lorenzo Langford
Alps (Geography and places)

The tourism industry began in the early 19th century when foreigners visited the Alps, traveled to the bases of the mountains to enjoy the scenery, and stayed at the spa-resorts. Large hotels were built during the Belle Époque; cog-railways, built early in the 20th century, brought tourists to ever higher elevations, with the Jungfraubahn terminating at the Jungfraujoch, well above the eternal snow-line, after going through a tunnel in Eiger. During this period winter sports were slowly introduced: in 1882 the first figure skating championship was held in St. Moritz, and downhill skiing became a popular sport with English visitors early in the 20th century, as the first ski-lift was installed in 1908 above Grindelwald.

Q1: When did the tourism industry begin? 
A1: the early 19th century
Q2: When were large hotels built in the Alps? 
A2: during the Belle Époque
Q3: When were cog-railways built in the Alps?
A3: early in the 20th century
Q4: When was the first figure skating championship held? 
A4: 1882
Q5: Where was the first figure skating championship held? 
A5: St. Moritz
Saint_Helena (Geography and places)

The tourist industry is heavily based on the promotion of Napoleon's imprisonment. A golf course also exists and the possibility for sportfishing tourism is great. Three hotels operate on the island but the arrival of tourists is directly linked to the arrival and departure schedule of the RMS St Helena. Some 3,200 short-term visitors arrived on the island in 2013.

Q1: What is the tourist industry mostly based around?
A1: the promotion of Napoleon's imprisonment
Q2: What kind of fishing tourism occurs on the island?
A2: sportfishing
Q3: How many hotels are on the island?
A3: 3
Q4: Tourism is completely based on what arriving to the island?
A4: the RMS St Helena
Southampton (Geography and places)

The town experienced major expansion during the Victorian era. The Southampton Docks company had been formed in 1835. In October 1838 the foundation stone of the docks was laid and the first dock opened in 1842. The structural and economic development of docks continued for the next few decades. The railway link to London was fully opened in May 1840. Southampton subsequently became known as The Gateway to the Empire.

Q1: In what historical period did Southampton expand greatly?
A1: Victorian era
Q2: What year was the Southampton Docks company created?
A2: 1835
Q3: In what month of 1838 was stone laid for the foundation of the Southampton docks?
A3: October
Q4: What year did the railroad to London from Southampton open fully?
A4: 1840
Q5: What name did Southampton earn for its importance in creating a link to London?
A5: The Gateway to the Empire
Pub (History)

The town of Stalybridge in Cheshire is thought to have the pubs with both the longest and shortest names in the United Kingdom — The Old 13th Cheshire Rifleman Corps Inn and the Q Inn.

Q1: What town is the Q Inn located in?
A1: Stalybridge
Q2: What county is home to The Old 13th Cheshire Rifleman Corps Inn?
A2: Cheshire
Q3: What pub has the shortest name in the United Kingdom?
A3: the Q Inn
Q4: What is the pub with the longest name in the UK?
A4: The Old 13th Cheshire Rifleman Corps Inn
Q5: What county is Stalybridge in?
A5: Cheshire
Southampton (Geography and places)

The town was sacked in 1338 by French, Genoese and Monegasque ships (under Charles Grimaldi, who used the plunder to help found the principality of Monaco). On visiting Southampton in 1339, Edward III ordered that walls be built to 'close the town'. The extensive rebuilding—part of the walls dates from 1175—culminated in the completion of the western walls in 1380. Roughly half of the walls, 13 of the original towers, and six gates survive.

Q1: Who led the invasion of Southampton in the 14th century by the French and others?
A1: Charles Grimaldi
Q2: What principality did Grimaldi set up with the profits from plundering Southampton?
A2: Monaco
Q3: What year did Edward III show up in Southampton and tell them to build walls?
A3: 1339
Q4: How many of the original towers from Southampton's walls are still standing?
A4: 13
Q5: The oldest section of the original wall around the town dates from what year?
A5: 1175
Southampton (Geography and places)

The town was the subject of an attempt by a separate company, the Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway, to open another rail route to the North in the 1880s and some building work, including a surviving embankment, was undertaken in the Hill Lane area.

Q1: What competing railway company tried to open a rail route in the 1880s?
A1: Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway
Q2: In which direction did the Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway want to expand?
A2: North
Q3: What feature survives in the Hill Lane area as evidence of the Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway's work?
A3: embankment
St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador (Geography and places)

The town's first significant defences were likely erected due to commercial interests, following the temporary seizure of St. John's by the Dutch admiral Michiel de Ruyter in June 1665. The inhabitants were able to fend off a second Dutch attack in 1673, when this time it was defended by Christopher Martin, an English merchant captain. Martin landed six cannons from his vessel, the Elias Andrews, and constructed an earthen breastwork and battery near chain Rock commanding the Narrows leading into the harbour. With only twenty-three men, the valiant Martin beat off an attack by three Dutch warships. The English government planned to expand these fortifications (Fort William) in around 1689, but actual construction didn't begin until after the French admiral Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville captured and destroyed the town in the Avalon Peninsula Campaign (1696). When 1500 English reinforcements arrived in late 1697 they found nothing but rubble where the town and fortifications had stood.

Q1: Who briefly seized St. John's in 1665?
A1: Michiel de Ruyter
Q2: In what year did the dutch attack St. John for a second time?
A2: 1673
Q3: How many men defended the attack from the Dutch in 1673?
A3: twenty-three
Q4: Who destroyed Fort William in 1696?
A4: Pierre Le Moyne
Q5: How many Dutch warships were fended of by Christopher Martin in 1673?
A5: three
Virgil (Language and literature)

The tradition holds that Virgil was born in the village of Andes, near Mantua in Cisalpine Gaul. Analysis of his name has led to beliefs that he descended from earlier Roman colonists. Modern speculation ultimately is not supported by narrative evidence either from his own writings or his later biographers. Macrobius says that Virgil's father was of a humble background; however, scholars generally believe that Virgil was from an equestrian landowning family which could afford to give him an education. He attended schools in Cremona, Mediolanum, Rome and Naples. After considering briefly a career in rhetoric and law, the young Virgil turned his talents to poetry.

Q1: In which village does tradition believe Virgil was born?
A1: Andes
Q2: In which cities did Virgil attend schools?
A2: Cremona, Mediolanum, Rome and Naples
Q3: What other career did Virgil consider?
A3: rhetoric and law
Q4: Which type of family do scholars generally believe Virgil belonged to?
A4: equestrian landowning
Q5: Does Macrobius believe Virgil's father came from a distinguished or humble background?
A5: humble
Estonia (Geography and places)

The tradition of Estonian Song Festivals (Laulupidu) started at the height of the Estonian national awakening in 1869. Today, it is one of the largest amateur choral events in the world. In 2004, about 100,000 people participated in the Song Festival. Since 1928, the Tallinn Song Festival Grounds (Lauluväljak) have hosted the event every five years in July. The last festival took place in July 2014. In addition, Youth Song Festivals are also held every four or five years, the last of them in 2011, and the next is scheduled for 2017.

Q1: What name describes the Estonian Song Festivals?
A1: Laulupidu
Q2: What year did the tradition of Laulupidu start?
A2: 1869
Q3: How many people celebrated Laulupidu in 2004?
A3: about 100,000 people
Q4: Where does Laulupidu usually take place?
A4: the Tallinn Song Festival Grounds
Q5: When does Laulupidu occur?
A5: every five years in July
FA_Cup (Sports and recreation)

The tradition of presenting the trophy immediately after the game did not start until the 1882 final; after the first final in 1872 the trophy was not presented to the winners, Wanderers, until a reception held four weeks later in the Pall Mall Restaurant in London. Under the original rules, the trophy was to be permanently presented to any club which won the competition three times, although when inaugural winners Wanderers achieved this feat by the 1876 final, the rules were changed by FA Secretary CW Alcock (who was also captain of Wanderers in their first victory).

Q1: When did people start presenting the trophy after the game? 
A1: The tradition of presenting the trophy immediately after the game did not start until the 1882 final
Q2: when was the first trophy presented? 
A2: the trophy was not presented to the winners, Wanderers, until a reception held four weeks later
Q3: Where was the first trophy presented? 
A3: the Pall Mall Restaurant in London
Q4: What happens to multiple cup winners? 
A4: the trophy was to be permanently presented to any club which won the competition three times,
Q5: Did that ever happen? 
A5: inaugural winners Wanderers achieved this feat by the 1876 final
Charleston,_South_Carolina (Geography and places)

The traditional Charleston accent has long been noted in the state and throughout the South. It is typically heard in wealthy white families who trace their families back generations in the city. It has ingliding or monophthongal long mid-vowels, raises ay and aw in certain environments, and is nonrhotic. Sylvester Primer of the College of Charleston wrote about aspects of the local dialect in his late 19th-century works: "Charleston Provincialisms" (1887)  and "The Huguenot Element in Charleston's Provincialisms", published in a German journal. He believed the accent was based on the English as it was spoken by the earliest settlers, therefore derived from Elizabethan England and preserved with modifications by Charleston speakers. The rapidly disappearing "Charleston accent" is still noted in the local pronunciation of the city's name. Some elderly (and usually upper-class) Charleston natives ignore the 'r' and elongate the first vowel, pronouncing the name as "Chah-l-ston". Some observers attribute these unique features of Charleston's speech to its early settlement by French Huguenots and Sephardic Jews (who were primarily English speakers from London), both of whom played influential roles in Charleston's early development and history.[citation needed]

Q1: "Charleston's Provincialisms" was published in what year?
A1: 1887
Q2: Who was the author of the work entitled, "The Huguenot Element in Charleston's Provincialisms"?
A2: Sylvester Primer
Q3: To which college did Sylvester Primer belong?
A3: College of Charleston
Q4: To which two early cultures are the unique characteristics of Charleston's accent attributed to?
A4: French Huguenots and Sephardic Jews
Q5: What type of journal were Primer's work on Charleston's accent published?
A5: German journal
Greeks (History)

The traditional Greek homelands have been the Greek peninsula and the Aegean Sea, the Southern Italy (Magna Graecia), the Black Sea, the Ionian coasts of Asia Minor and the islands of Cyprus and Sicily. In Plato's Phaidon, Socrates remarks, "we (Greeks) live around a sea like frogs around a pond" when describing to his friends the Greek cities of the Aegean. This image is attested by the map of the Old Greek Diaspora, which corresponded to the Greek world until the creation of the Greek state in 1832. The sea and trade were natural outlets for Greeks since the Greek peninsula is rocky and does not offer good prospects for agriculture.

Q1: What are considered to be the motherland of the Greeks ?
A1: Greek peninsula and the Aegean Sea, the Southern Italy (Magna Graecia), the Black Sea, the Ionian coasts of Asia Minor and the islands of Cyprus and Sicily
Q2: What statement of note was given by a great philosopher from Greece written by another great philosopher ?
A2: Plato's Phaidon, Socrates remarks, "we (Greeks) live around a sea like frogs around a pond
Q3: What is the name of the ancient map of the Greek world  named  ?
A3: map of the Old Greek Diaspora
Q4: When did changes of this ancient map become notable ?
A4: corresponded to the Greek world until the creation of the Greek state in 183
Q5: Are there many product available from farm cultivation on the Greek lands ?
A5: Greek peninsula is rocky and does not offer good prospects for agriculture
New_York_City (Geography and places)

The traditional New York area accent is characterized as non-rhotic, so that the sound [ɹ] does not appear at the end of a syllable or immediately before a consonant; hence the pronunciation of the city name as "New Yawk." There is no [ɹ] in words like park [pɑək] or [pɒək] (with vowel backed and diphthongized due to the low-back chain shift), butter [bʌɾə], or here [hiə]. In another feature called the low back chain shift, the [ɔ] vowel sound of words like talk, law, cross, chocolate, and coffee and the often homophonous [ɔr] in core and more are tensed and usually raised more than in General American. In the most old-fashioned and extreme versions of the New York dialect, the vowel sounds of words like "girl" and of words like "oil" became a diphthong [ɜɪ]. This would often be misperceived by speakers of other accents as a reversal of the er and oy sounds, so that girl is pronounced "goil" and oil is pronounced "erl"; this leads to the caricature of New Yorkers saying things like "Joizey" (Jersey), "Toidy-Toid Street" (33rd St.) and "terlet" (toilet). The character Archie Bunker from the 1970s sitcom All in the Family (played by Carroll O'Connor) was a notable example of having used this pattern of speech, which continues to fade in its overall presence.

Q1: What sitcom did the Archie Bunker character feature in?
A1: All in the Family
Q2: What actor performed the role of Archie Bunker?
A2: Carroll O'Connor
Q3: What is the transliteration of the way in which New Yorkers are perceived to pronounce the name of their city?
A3: New Yawk