LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Kanye_West (Music)

Bush stated in an interview that the comment was "one of the most disgusting moments" of his presidency. In November 2010, in a taped interview with Matt Lauer for the Today show, West expressed regret for his criticism of Bush. "I would tell George Bush in my moment of frustration, I didn't have the grounds to call him a racist", he told Lauer. "I believe that in a situation of high emotion like that we as human beings don't always choose the right words." The following day, Bush reacted to the apology in a live interview with Lauer saying he appreciated the rapper's remorse. "I'm not a hater", Bush said. "I don't hate Kanye West. I was talking about an environment in which people were willing to say things that hurt. Nobody wants to be called a racist if in your heart you believe in equality of races." Reactions were mixed, but some felt that West had no need to apologize. "It was not the particulars of your words that mattered, it was the essence of a feeling of the insensitivity towards our communities that many of us have felt for far too long", argued Def Jam co-founder Russell Simmons. Bush himself was receptive to the apology, saying, "I appreciate that. It wasn't just Kanye West who was talking like that during Katrina, I cited him as an example, I cited others as an example as well. You know, I appreciate that."

Q1: How did George W. Bush describe Kanye's controversial statement?
A1: "one of the most disgusting moments" of his presidency
Q2: To which reporter did Kanye West express regret for his remark about President Bush?
A2: Matt Lauer
United_States_presidential_election,_2004 (History)

Bush's margin of victory in the popular vote was the smallest ever for a reelected incumbent president, but marked the first time since his father's victory 16 years prior that a candidate won a majority of the popular vote. The electoral map closely resembled that of 2000, with only three states changing sides: New Mexico and Iowa voted Republican in 2004 after having voted Democratic in 2000, while New Hampshire voted Democratic in 2004 after previously voting Republican. In the Electoral College, Bush received 286 votes to Kerry's 252.

Q1: Which candidate, in the 2004 election, had the majority of the popular vote?
A1: Bush
Q2: How many States renounced their preferred political party?
A2: three
Q3: Which state switched sides and embraced the Democratic party after previously choosing the Republican party?
A3: New Hampshire
Q4: How many votes did Kerry receive, in the Electoral College?
A4: 252
Q5: How large of a gap was there between Bush's and Kerry's votes? 
A5: the smallest ever
Heian_period (History)

Bushi interests were diverse, cutting across old power structures to form new associations in the tenth century. Mutual interests, family connections, and kinship were consolidated in military groups that became part of family administration. In time, large regional military families formed around members of the court aristocracy who had become prominent provincial figures. These military families gained prestige from connections to the imperial court and court-granted military titles and access to manpower. The Fujiwara family, Taira clan, and Minamoto clan were among the most prominent families supported by the new military class.

Q1: Bushi formed new associations in what century?
A1: tenth
Q2: How did military families gain prestige?
A2: connections to the imperial court
Q3: Who were the three prominent families during the rise of the warrior classes?
A3: Fujiwara family, Taira clan, and Minamoto clan
Samurai (Language and literature)

Bushi was the name given to the ancient Japanese soldiers from traditional warrior families. The bushi class was developed mainly in the north of Japan. They formed powerful clans, which in the 12th century were against the noble families who were grouping themselves to support the imperial family who lived in Kyoto. Samurai was a word used by the Kuge aristocratic class with warriors themselves preferring the word bushi. The term Bushidō, the "way of the warrior", is derived from this term and the mansion of a warrior was called bukeyashiki.

Q1: Who were the bushi class?
A1: ancient Japanese soldiers from traditional warrior families
Q2: Where did the bushi live?
A2: mainly in the north of Japan
Q3: Where did the imperial family live?
A3: Kyoto
Q4: What does Bushido mean?
A4: the "way of the warrior"
Q5: What was a bukeyashiki?
A5: the mansion of a warrior
United_Nations_Population_Fund (Social sciences and society)

But Amnesty International found no evidence that UNFPA had supported the coercion. A 2001 study conducted by the pro-life Population Research Institute (PRI) falsely claimed that the UNFPA shared an office with the Chinese family planning officials who were carrying out forced abortions. "We located the family planning offices, and in that family planning office, we located the UNFPA office, and we confirmed from family planning officials there that there is no distinction between what the UNFPA does and what the Chinese Family Planning Office does," said Scott Weinberg, a spokesman for PRI. However, United Nations Members disagreed and approved UNFPA’s new country program me in January 2006. The more than 130 members of the “Group of 77” developing countries in the United Nations expressed support for the UNFPA programmes. In addition, speaking for European democracies -- Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, the Netherlands, France, Belgium, Switzerland and Germany -- the United Kingdom stated, ”UNFPA’s activities in China, as in the rest of the world, are in strict conformity with the unanimously adopted Programme of Action of the ICPD, and play a key role in supporting our common endeavor, the promotion and protection of all human rights and fundamental freedoms.” 

Q1: What organization found no evidence that UNFPA had supported Chinese coercion?
A1: Amnesty International
Q2: In 2001, what organization accused UNFPA of sharing office space with Chinese family planning officials?
A2: Population Research Institute
Q3: In January 2006, who approved UNFPA's new country programme?
A3: United Nations Members
Q4: How many members does the “Group of 77” have?
A4: 130
Q5: Who, speaking for the European democracies, also defended UNFPA?
A5: the United Kingdom
Cotton (Natural sciences)

But Bt cotton is ineffective against many cotton pests, however, such as plant bugs, stink bugs, and aphids; depending on circumstances it may still be desirable to use insecticides against these. A 2006 study done by Cornell researchers, the Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy and the Chinese Academy of Science on Bt cotton farming in China found that after seven years these secondary pests that were normally controlled by pesticide had increased, necessitating the use of pesticides at similar levels to non-Bt cotton and causing less profit for farmers because of the extra expense of GM seeds. However, a 2009 study by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Stanford University and Rutgers University refuted this. They concluded that the GM cotton effectively controlled bollworm. The secondary pests were mostly miridae (plant bugs) whose increase was related to local temperature and rainfall and only continued to increase in half the villages studied. Moreover, the increase in insecticide use for the control of these secondary insects was far smaller than the reduction in total insecticide use due to Bt cotton adoption. A 2012 Chinese study concluded that Bt cotton halved the use of pesticides and doubled the level of ladybirds, lacewings and spiders. The International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA) said that, worldwide, GM cotton was planted on an area of 25 million hectares in 2011. This was 69% of the worldwide total area planted in cotton.

Q1: In what year did a research study find that the use of Bt toxin plants failed to be effective after 7 years?
A1: 2006
Q2: On what did a 2009 study conclude that increased insects were dependent?
A2: temperature and rainfall
Q3: What did a 2012 study suggest  was halved by the use of GM plants?
A3: pesticides
Q4: What did the 2012 study say was doubled by the use of GM cotton?
A4: ladybirds, lacewings and spiders
Q5: How much of the Earth's cotton crops are planted in GM cotton?
A5: 69%
Hanover (History)

But Hanover is not only one of the most important Exhibition Cities in the world, it is also one of the German capitals for marksmen. The Schützenfest Hannover is the largest Marksmen's Fun Fair in the world and takes place once a year (late June to early July) (2014 - July 4th to the 13th). It consists of more than 260 rides and inns, five large beer tents and a big entertainment programme. The highlight of this fun fair is the 12 kilometres (7 mi) long Parade of the Marksmen with more than 12.000 participants from all over the world, among them around 5.000 marksmen, 128 bands and more than 70 wagons, carriages and big festival vehicles. It is the longest procession in Europe. Around 2 million people visit this fun fair every year. The landmark of this Fun Fair is the biggest transportable Ferris Wheel in the world (60 m or 197 ft high). The origins of this fun fair is located in the year 1529.

Q1: What is Hanover a German capital for?
A1: marksmen
Q2: What is the name of the largest Marksmen's Fun Fair in the world?
A2: Schützenfest Hannover
Q3: How many rides and inns does the fair have?
A3: more than 260
Q4: How many participants are int he Parade of the Marksmen?
A4: 12.000
Q5: What year can the festival be traced back to?
A5: 1529
Portugal (Geography and places)

But Sebastião de Melo's greatest reforms were economic and financial, with the creation of several companies and guilds to regulate every commercial activity. He demarcated the region for production of Port to ensure the wine's quality, and this was the first attempt to control wine quality and production in Europe. He ruled with a strong hand by imposing strict law upon all classes of Portuguese society from the high nobility to the poorest working class, along with a widespread review of the country's tax system. These reforms gained him enemies in the upper classes, especially among the high nobility, who despised him as a social upstart.

Q1: What were de Melo's greatest reforms?
A1: economic and financial
Q2: Why did e Melo demarcate the region for production of Port?
A2: to ensure the wine's quality
Q3: Did de Melo impose strict laws only on one class of people?
A3: upon all classes of Portuguese society from the high nobility to the poorest working class
Q4: Among which class did de Melo's reforms gain him the most enemies?
A4: especially among the high nobility
Q5: Who was the first person to try to ensure the wine's quality in Portugal?
A5: Sebastião de Melo
Ashkenazi_Jews (History)

But after emancipation, a sense of a unified French Jewry emerged, especially when France was wracked by the Dreyfus affair in the 1890s. In the 1920s and 1930s, Ashkenazi Jews from Europe arrived in large numbers as refugees from antisemitism, the Russian revolution, and the economic turmoil of the Great Depression. By the 1930s, Paris had a vibrant Yiddish culture, and many Jews were involved in diverse political movements. After the Vichy years and the Holocaust, the French Jewish population was augmented once again, first by Ashkenazi refugees from Central Europe, and later by Sephardi immigrants and refugees from North Africa, many of them francophone.

Q1: When did the Dreyfus affair occur?
A1: 1890s
Q2: In what years did large numbers of Jews arrive in France?
A2: the 1920s and 1930s
Q3: What three factors led to large numbers of Jews moving to France?
A3: antisemitism, the Russian revolution, and the economic turmoil of the Great Depression
Q4: By the 1930s, Paris was noted for which two things related to Jews?
A4: a vibrant Yiddish culture, and many Jews were involved in diverse political movements
Vacuum (Natural sciences)

But although it meets the definition of outer space, the atmospheric density within the first few hundred kilometers above the Kármán line is still sufficient to produce significant drag on satellites. Most artificial satellites operate in this region called low Earth orbit and must fire their engines every few days to maintain orbit.[citation needed] The drag here is low enough that it could theoretically be overcome by radiation pressure on solar sails, a proposed propulsion system for interplanetary travel.[citation needed] Planets are too massive for their trajectories to be significantly affected by these forces, although their atmospheres are eroded by the solar winds.

Q1: Where do most satellites operate?
A1: low Earth orbit
Q2: What system could possibly be used for interplanetary travel?
A2: solar sails
Q3: why do satellites need to fire engines every few day to keep orbit?
A3: atmospheric density
Q4: above what line location in outer space to satellites orbit?
A4: Kármán line
Anthropology (Social sciences and society)

But by the 1940s, many of Boas' anthropologist contemporaries were active in the allied war effort against the "Axis" (Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan). Many served in the armed forces, while others worked in intelligence (for example, Office of Strategic Services and the Office of War Information). At the same time, David H. Price's work on American anthropology during the Cold War provides detailed accounts of the pursuit and dismissal of several anthropologists from their jobs for communist sympathies.

Q1: What were Boas' peers doing in the 1940s?
A1: active in the allied war effort
Q2: What groups formed the Axis forces?
A2: Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan
Q3: What did many anthropologists serve in?
A3: the armed forces
Q4: The Office of Strategic Services is an example of what type of posting during the War?
A4: intelligence
Q5: Why are several anthropologists dismissed from their jobs, according to David H. Price?
A5: communist sympathies.
Red (Natural sciences)

But early in the 16th century, a brilliant new red appeared in Europe. When the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés and his soldiers conquered the Aztec Empire in 1519-1521, they discovered slowly that the Aztecs had another treasure beside silver and gold; they had the tiny cochineal, a parasitic scale insect which lived on cactus plants, which, when dried and crushed, made a magnificent red. The cochineal in Mexico was closely related to the Kermes varieties of Europe, but unlike European Kermes, it could be harvested several times a year, and it was ten times stronger than the Kermes of Poland. It worked particularly well on silk, satin and other luxury textiles. In 1523 Cortes sent the first shipment to Spain. Soon cochineal began to arrive in European ports aboard convoys of Spanish galleons.

Q1: In what century did a new kind of red pigment arrive in Europe from the Aztec Empire?
A1: 16th
Q2: Which conquistador from Spain conquered the Aztec Empire?
A2: Hernán Cortés
Q3: During what years was the Aztec Empire conquered?
A3: 1519-1521
Q4: How often could the Mexican cochineal be harvested?
A4: several times a year
Q5: In what year did Cortes send the first cochineal to Spain?
A5: 1523
House_music (Music)

But house was also being developed on Ibiza,[citation needed] although no house artists or labels were coming from this tiny island at the time. By the mid-1980s a distinct Balearic mix of house was discernible.[citation needed] Several clubs such as Amnesia with DJ Alfredo were playing a mix of rock, pop, disco and house. These clubs, fueled by their distinctive sound and Ecstasy, began to have an influence on the British scene. By late 1987, DJs such as Trevor Fung, Paul Oakenfold and Danny Rampling were bringing the Ibiza sound to UK clubs such as the Haçienda in Manchester, and in London clubs such as Shoom in Southwark, Heaven, Future and Spectrum.

Q1: what tiny island was house music also being devloped on?
A1: Ibiza
Q2: what was a popular club in ibiza that started playing dance and house music?
A2: Amnesia
Q3: who was the DJ at Amnesia in the mid 80s?
A3: DJ Alfredo
Q4: who were some of the DJs that brought the ibiza sound to uk clubs in late 1987?
A4: Trevor Fung, Paul Oakenfold and Danny Rampling
Q5: what was the name of the big dance club in Manchester UK in the late 80s?
A5: Haçienda
Philosophy_of_space_and_time (Philosophy and religion)

But in statistical mechanics things get more complicated. On one hand, statistical mechanics is far superior to classical thermodynamics, in that thermodynamic behavior, such as glass breaking, can be explained by the fundamental laws of physics paired with a statistical postulate. But statistical mechanics, unlike classical thermodynamics, is time-reversal symmetric. The second law of thermodynamics, as it arises in statistical mechanics, merely states that it is overwhelmingly likely that net entropy will increase, but it is not an absolute law.

Q1: How are things in statistical mechanics? 
A1: complicated
Q2: What are superior to classical thermodynamics?
A2: statistical mechanics
Q3: In order to explain glass breaking, Fundamental laws of physics can be paired with what? 
A3: a statistical postulate
Q4: Is statistical mechanics asymmetric or symmetric in regards to time-reversal?
A4: symmetric
Q5: What kind of law is the second law of thermodynamics, as it arises in statistical mechanics?
A5: not an absolute law
Humanism (Philosophy and religion)

But in the mid-18th century, during the French Enlightenment, a more ideological use of the term had come into use. In 1765, the author of an anonymous article in a French Enlightenment periodical spoke of "The general love of humanity ... a virtue hitherto quite nameless among us, and which we will venture to call 'humanism', for the time has come to create a word for such a beautiful and necessary thing". The latter part of the 18th and the early 19th centuries saw the creation of numerous grass-roots "philanthropic" and benevolent societies dedicated to human betterment and the spreading of knowledge (some Christian, some not). After the French Revolution, the idea that human virtue could be created by human reason alone independently from traditional religious institutions, attributed by opponents of the Revolution to Enlightenment philosophes such as Rousseau, was violently attacked by influential religious and political conservatives, such as Edmund Burke and Joseph de Maistre, as a deification or idolatry of humanity. Humanism began to acquire a negative sense. The Oxford English Dictionary records the use of the word "humanism" by an English clergyman in 1812 to indicate those who believe in the "mere humanity" (as opposed to the divine nature) of Christ, i.e., Unitarians and Deists. In this polarised atmosphere, in which established ecclesiastical bodies tended to circle the wagons and reflexively oppose political and social reforms like extending the franchise, universal schooling, and the like, liberal reformers and radicals embraced the idea of Humanism as an alternative religion of humanity. The anarchist Proudhon (best known for declaring that "property is theft") used the word "humanism" to describe a "culte, déification de l’humanité" ("worship, deification of humanity") and Ernest Renan in L’avenir de la science: pensées de 1848 ("The Future of Knowledge: Thoughts on 1848") (1848–49), states: "It is my deep conviction that pure humanism will be the religion of the future, that is, the cult of all that pertains to humanity—all of life, sanctified and raised to the level of a moral value."

Q1: During which period was the philosophy of humanism next updated?
A1: French Enlightenment
Q2: What was the criticism of Humanism made by conservatives of the time?
A2: idolatry of humanity
Q3: Who continued to support the belief system despite its critics?
A3: liberal reformers and radicals
Q4: Who felt that humanism would surely be a major "religion" today?
A4: Ernest Renan
Chihuahua_(state) (History)

But the peace in the state did not last long, the elections of 1875 caused new hostilities. Ángel Trías led a new movement against the government in June 1875 and maintained control over the government until September 18, 1875 when Donato Guerra the orchestrator of the Revolution of the North was captured. Donato Guerra was assassinated in a suburb of Chihuahua City where he was incarcerated for conspiring with Ángel Trías. During October 1875 several locations were controlled by rebel forces, but the government finally regained control on November 25, 1875.

Q1: The elections of which year caused new hostilities?
A1: 1875
Q2: Who led a movement against the government in June of 1875?
A2: Ángel Trías
Q3: Which orchestrator of the Revolution of the North was captured?
A3: Donato Guerra
Q4: Guerra was assassinated in a suburb of which city?
A4: Chihuahua City
Q5: With whom was he said to have conspired?
A5: Ángel Trías
John_von_Neumann (Mathematics)

But von Neumann, who had participated at the Congress, confirmed his fame as an instantaneous thinker, and in less than a month was able to communicate to Gödel himself an interesting consequence of his theorem: namely that the usual axiomatic systems are unable to demonstrate their own consistency. However, Gödel had already discovered this consequence, now known as his second incompleteness theorem and sent von Neumann a preprint of his article containing both incompleteness theorems. Von Neumann acknowledged Gödel's priority in his next letter. He never thought much of "the American system of claiming personal priority for everything."

Q1: How long did it take von Neumann to figure a response to theory of incompleteness?
A1: less than a month
Q2: What was the consequence of the theory of incompleteness?
A2: usual axiomatic systems are unable to demonstrate their own consistency
Q3: Upon revising the theory of incompleteness, what was the name of the new Godel theory?
A3: second incompleteness theorem
Alfred_North_Whitehead (Philosophy and religion)

But while Claremont remains the most concentrated hub of Whiteheadian activity, the place where Whitehead's thought currently seems to be growing the most quickly is in China. In order to address the challenges of modernization and industrialization, China has begun to blend traditions of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism with Whitehead's "constructive post-modern" philosophy in order to create an "ecological civilization." To date, the Chinese government has encouraged the building of twenty-three university-based centers for the study of Whitehead's philosophy, and books by process philosophers John Cobb and David Ray Griffin are becoming required reading for Chinese graduate students. Cobb has attributed China's interest in process philosophy partly to Whitehead's stress on the mutual interdependence of humanity and nature, as well as his emphasis on an educational system that includes the teaching of values rather than simply bare facts.

Q1: Where is interest in Whitehead's work growing the fastest today?
A1: China
Q2: What challenges are China using Whitehead's ideas to help manage?
A2: modernization and industrialization
Q3: What types of traditions are China blending with Whitehead's "constructive post-modern" philosophy?
A3: traditions of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism
Q4: What philosphers' writings are becoming required reading for graduate students in China?
A4: John Cobb and David Ray Griffin
Q5: Why does John Cobb believe China has become interested in process philosophy?
A5: interdependence of humanity and nature, as well as his emphasis on an educational system that includes the teaching of values rather than simply bare facts