LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
London (Geography and places)

Along with professional services, media companies are concentrated in London and the media distribution industry is London's second most competitive sector. The BBC is a significant employer, while other broadcasters also have headquarters around the City. Many national newspapers are edited in London. London is a major retail centre and in 2010 had the highest non-food retail sales of any city in the world, with a total spend of around £64.2 billion. The Port of London is the second-largest in the United Kingdom, handling 45 million tonnes of cargo each year.

Q1: What is the second largest port in the UK?
A1: The Port of London
Q2: Approximately how much was spent on non-food retail sales in London in 2010?
A2: £64.2 billion
Q3: How much cargo does the Port of London handle annually?
A3: 45 million tonnes
Q4: What is London's second most competitive industry?
A4: media distribution
Q5: What corporation is the major player in London's media distribution industry?
A5: The BBC
Age_of_Enlightenment (Philosophy and religion)

Along with secular matters, readers also favoured an alphabetical ordering scheme over cumbersome works arranged along thematic lines. The historian Charles Porset, commenting on alphabetization, has said that "as the zero degree of taxonomy, alphabetical order authorizes all reading strategies; in this respect it could be considered an emblem of the Enlightenment." For Porset, the avoidance of thematic and hierarchical systems thus allows free interpretation of the works and becomes an example of egalitarianism. Encyclopedias and dictionaries also became more popular during the Age of Reason as the number of educated consumers who could afford such texts began to multiply. In the later half of the 18th century, the number of dictionaries and encyclopedias published by decade increased from 63 between 1760 and 1769 to approximately 148 in the decade proceeding the French Revolution (1780–1789). Along with growth in numbers, dictionaries and encyclopedias also grew in length, often having multiple print runs that sometimes included in supplemented editions.

Q1: What ordering scheme did readers prefer?
A1: alphabetical
Q2: Who believed the avoidance of thematic and heirarhical systems allowed free interpretation of the works and caused them to beomce an example of eglitarianism?
A2: Charles Porset
Q3: Why did Encyclopedias and dictionaries become more popular during the Age of Reason?
A3: the number of educated consumers who could afford such texts began to multiply
Q4: How many dictionaries and encyclopedias were published between 1760 and 1769?
A4: 63
Q5: How many dictionaries and encyclopedias were published in the decade preceding the French Revolution?
A5: 148
Greece (Geography and places)

Along with the Byzantine (Church) chant and music, the Greek people also cultivated the Greek folk song which is divided into two cycles, the akritic and klephtic. The akritic was created between the 9th and 10th centuries and expressed the life and struggles of the akrites (frontier guards) of the Byzantine empire, the most well known being the stories associated with Digenes Akritas. The klephtic cycle came into being between the late Byzantine period and the start of the Greek War of Independence. The klephtic cycle, together with historical songs, paraloghes (narrative song or ballad), love songs, mantinades, wedding songs, songs of exile and dirges express the life of the Greeks. There is a unity between the Greek people's struggles for freedom, their joys and sorrow and attitudes towards love and death.

Q1: What are the two cycles of the Greek folk song?
A1: akritic and klephtic
Q2: Between what centuries was the akritic cycle of Greek song created?
A2: 9th and 10th
Q3: Which Greek song cycle expresses the life of the Greeks?
A3: klephtic
History_of_India (History)

Along with the desire for independence, tensions between Hindus and Muslims had also been developing over the years. The Muslims had always been a minority within the subcontinent, and the prospect of an exclusively Hindu government made them wary of independence; they were as inclined to mistrust Hindu rule as they were to resist the foreign Raj, although Gandhi called for unity between the two groups in an astonishing display of leadership. The British, extremely weakened by the Second World War, promised that they would leave and participated in the formation of an interim government. The British Indian territories gained independence in 1947, after being partitioned into the Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan. Following the controversial division of pre-partition Punjab and Bengal, rioting broke out between Sikhs, Hindus and Muslims in these provinces and spread to several other parts of India, leaving some 500,000 dead. Also, this period saw one of the largest mass migrations ever recorded in modern history, with a total of 12 million Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims moving between the newly created nations of India and Pakistan (which gained independence on 15 and 14 August 1947 respectively). In 1971, Bangladesh, formerly East Pakistan and East Bengal, seceded from Pakistan.

Q1: What position did Muslims have in the Indian population?
A1: minority
Q2: What effect of independence did Muslims distrust?
A2: Hindu rule
Q3: What did the British form in preparation to leaving India?
A3: interim government
Q4: How many people died in the rioting over divisions of Bengal and Punjab?
A4: 500,000
Q5: How many people migrated between the newly created countries of India and Pakistan?
A5: 12 million
Association_football (History)

Along with the general administration of the sport, football associations and competition organisers also enforce good conduct in wider aspects of the game, dealing with issues such as comments to the press, clubs' financial management, doping, age fraud and match fixing. Most competitions enforce mandatory suspensions for players who are sent off in a game. Some on-field incidents, if considered very serious (such as allegations of racial abuse), may result in competitions deciding to impose heavier sanctions than those normally associated with a red card. Some associations allow for appeals against player suspensions incurred on-field if clubs feel a referee was incorrect or unduly harsh.

Q1: Players who are sent off in a game are often faced with what?
A1: mandatory suspensions
Q2: Sometimes clubs can do what if they feel that a punishment was too harsh?
A2: appeals
Q3: Football associations enforce what kind of conduct?
A3: good
Plymouth (History)

Along with the rest of South West England, Plymouth has a temperate oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb) which is generally wetter and milder than the rest of England. This means a wide range of exotic plants can be grown. The annual mean temperature is approximately 11 °C (52 °F). Due to the modifying effect of the sea the seasonal range is less than in most other parts of the UK. As a result of this summer highs are lower than its southerly latitude should warrant, but as a contrast the coldest month of February has mean minimum temperatures as mild as between 3 and 4 °C (37 and 39 °F). Snow is rare, not usually equating to more than a few flakes, but there have been exclusions, namely the European winter storms of 2009-10 which, in early January, covered Plymouth in at least 1 inch (2.5 cm) of snow; more on higher ground. Another period of notable snow occurred from 17–19 December 2010 when up to 8 inches (20 cm) of snow fell through the period – though only 2 inches (5.1 cm) would lie at any one time due to melt. Over the 1961–1990 period, annual snowfall accumulation averaged less than 7 cm (3 in) per year. July and August are the warmest months with mean daily maxima over 19 °C (66 °F).

Q1: What Köppen climate classification does Plymouth possess?
A1: temperate oceanic
Q2: In degrees Fahrenheit, what is Plymouth's annual mean temperature?
A2: 52
Q3: What month in Plymouth has the lowest temperatures?
A3: February
Q4: Up to how many centimeters of snow fell on Plymouth between 17 and 19 December 2010?
A4: 20
Q5: Along with August, what is typically the hottest month in Plymouth?
A5: July
Somerset (Geography and places)

Along with the rest of South West England, Somerset has a temperate climate which is generally wetter and milder than the rest of the country. The annual mean temperature is approximately 10 °C (50.0 °F). Seasonal temperature variation is less extreme than most of the United Kingdom because of the adjacent sea temperatures. The summer months of July and August are the warmest with mean daily maxima of approximately 21 °C (69.8 °F). In winter mean minimum temperatures of 1 °C (33.8 °F) or 2 °C (35.6 °F) are common. In the summer the Azores high pressure affects the south-west of England, but convective cloud sometimes forms inland, reducing the number of hours of sunshine. Annual sunshine rates are slightly less than the regional average of 1,600 hours. In December 1998 there were 20 days without sun recorded at Yeovilton. Most the rainfall in the south-west is caused by Atlantic depressions or by convection. Most of the rainfall in autumn and winter is caused by the Atlantic depressions, which is when they are most active. In summer, a large proportion of the rainfall is caused by sun heating the ground leading to convection and to showers and thunderstorms. Average rainfall is around 700 mm (28 in). About 8–15 days of snowfall is typical. November to March have the highest mean wind speeds, and June to August the lightest winds. The predominant wind direction is from the south-west.

Q1: What is the somerset climate like 
A1: a temperate climate which is generally wetter and milder than the rest of the country
Q2: The annual sunshine rate of somerset 
A2: Annual sunshine rates are slightly less than the regional average of 1,600 hours
Q3: How many days of snow on average 
A3: About 8–15 days of snowfall is typical
Q4: The average rainfall level of somerset 
A4: Average rainfall is around 700 mm (28 in)
Somalis (Geography and places)

Alongside Barre, the Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC) that assumed power after President Sharmarke's assassination was led by Lieutenant Colonel Salaad Gabeyre Kediye and Chief of Police Jama Korshel. The SRC subsequently renamed the country the Somali Democratic Republic, dissolved the parliament and the Supreme Court, and suspended the constitution.

Q1: Along with Jama Korshel, who led the Supreme Revolutionary Council?
A1: Salaad Gabeyre Kediye
Q2: What was Jama Korshel's title?
A2: Chief of Police
Q3: What was the military rank of Salaad Gabeyre Kediye?
A3: Lieutenant Colonel
Q4: What name did the Supreme Revolutionary Council give to Somalia?
A4: the Somali Democratic Republic
Q5: Along with dissolving the Supreme Court and parliament, what action did the Supreme Revolutionary Council take?
A5: suspended the constitution
Iran (Geography and places)

Alongside the capital, the most popular tourist destinations are Isfahan, Mashhad and Shiraz. In the early 2000s, the industry faced serious limitations in infrastructure, communications, industry standards and personnel training. The majority of the 300,000 tourist visas granted in 2003 were obtained by Asian Muslims, who presumably intended to visit important pilgrimage sites in Mashhad and Qom. Several organized tours from Germany, France and other European countries come to Iran annually to visit archaeological sites and monuments. In 2003, Iran ranked 68th in tourism revenues worldwide. According to UNESCO and the deputy head of research for Iran Travel and Tourism Organization (ITTO), Iran is rated 4th among the top 10 destinations in the Middle East. Domestic tourism in Iran is one of the largest in the world. Weak advertising, unstable regional conditions, a poor public image in some parts of the world, and absence of efficient planning schemes in the tourism sector have all hindered the growth of tourism.

Q1: What does Teheran, Isfahan, Mashhad, and Shiraz have in common?
A1: the most popular tourist destinations
Q2: How many tourist visas were granted in 2003?
A2: 300,000
Q3: Which group made up the majority of granted tourist visas in 2003?
A3: Asian Muslims
Q4: In 2003, what was Iran's worldwide rank in tourism revenues?
A4: ranked 68th
Q5: What was Iran's rank in the top 10 Middle East destinations according to UNESCO?
A5: rated 4th
Light-emitting_diode (Engineering and technology)

Alphanumeric LEDs are available in seven-segment, starburst and dot-matrix format. Seven-segment displays handle all numbers and a limited set of letters. Starburst displays can display all letters. Dot-matrix displays typically use 5x7 pixels per character. Seven-segment LED displays were in widespread use in the 1970s and 1980s, but rising use of liquid crystal displays, with their lower power needs and greater display flexibility, has reduced the popularity of numeric and alphanumeric LED displays.

Q1: What type of LEDs are available in seven-segment format?
A1: Alphanumeric
Q2: What is another format that Alphanumeric LEDs are available in?
A2: dot-matrix
Q3: Which alphanumeric LED display can display all letters?
A3: Starburst
Q4: What type of pixels does a dot matrix display use?
A4: 5x7
Q5: What has reduced the popularity of numeric LED displays?
A5: liquid crystal displays
Alps (Geography and places)

Alpine crystals have been studied and collected for hundreds of years, and began to be classified in the 18th century. Leonhard Euler studied the shapes of crystals, and by the 19th century crystal hunting was common in Alpine regions. David Friedrich Wiser amassed a collection of 8000 crystals that he studied and documented. In the 20th century Robert Parker wrote a well-known work about the rock crystals of the Swiss Alps; at the same period a commission was established to control and standardize the naming of Alpine minerals.

Q1: How long have Alpine crystals been studied and collected? 
A1: hundreds of years
Q2: When did the alpine crystals begin to be classified? 
A2: the 18th century
Q3: Who studied the shapes of crystals? 
A3: Leonhard Euler
Q4: By the 19th century what was common in the Alpine regions?
A4: crystal hunting
Q5: Who amassed a collection 8000 crystals?
A5: David Friedrich Wiser
Alps (Geography and places)

Alpine glaciers can be straight rivers of ice, long sweeping rivers, spread in a fan-like shape (Piedmont glaciers), and curtains of ice that hang from vertical slopes of the mountain peaks. The stress of the movement causes the ice to break and crack loudly, perhaps explaining why the mountains were believed to be home to dragons in the medieval period. The cracking creates unpredictable and dangerous crevasses, often invisible under new snowfall, which cause the greatest danger to mountaineers.

Q1: How do Piedmont glaciers appear?
A1: spread in a fan-like shape
Q2: What causes the ice to break and crack loudly?
A2: The stress of the movement
Q3: What does the cracking of the ice create?
A3: unpredictable and dangerous crevasses
Alps (Geography and places)

Alpine plants such the Alpine gentian grow in abundance in areas such as the meadows above the Lauterbrunnental. Gentians are named after the Illyrian king Gentius, and 40 species of the early-spring blooming flower grow in the Alps, in a range of 1,500 to 2,400 m (4,921 to 7,874 ft). Writing about the gentians in Switzerland D. H. Lawrence described them as "darkening the day-time, torch-like with the smoking blueness of Pluto's gloom." Gentians tend to "appear" repeatedly as the spring blooming takes place at progressively later dates, moving from the lower altitude to the higher altitude meadows where the snow melts much later than in the valleys. On the highest rocky ledges the spring flowers bloom in the summer.

Q1: What grows in abundance in areas such as the meadows above the Lauterbrunnental?
A1: Alpine plants such the Alpine gentian
Q2: What are Gentians named after?
A2: the Illyrian king Gentius
Q3: How many species of the early-spring blooming flower grow in the Alps?
A3: 40 species
Switzerland (Geography and places)

Alpine symbolism has played an essential role in shaping the history of the country and the Swiss national identity. Nowadays some concentrated mountain areas have a strong highly energetic ski resort culture in winter, and a hiking (ger: das Wandern) or Mountain biking culture in summer. Other areas throughout the year have a recreational culture that caters to tourism, yet the quieter seasons are spring and autumn when there are fewer visitors. A traditional farmer and herder culture also predominates in many areas and small farms are omnipresent outside the cities. Folk art is kept alive in organisations all over the country. In Switzerland it is mostly expressed in music, dance, poetry, wood carving and embroidery. The alphorn, a trumpet-like musical instrument made of wood, has become alongside yodeling and the accordion an epitome of traditional Swiss music.

Q1: What symbolism has played an important role in shaping the history of Switzerland?
A1: Alpine
Q2: What highly energetic culture is in some concentrated mountain areas in the winter?
A2: ski resort culture
Q3: What is the name of the trumpet like musical instrument made of wood has become the epitome of traditional Swiss music?
A3: alphorn
Q4: What traditional culture predominates in many areas of small farms?
A4: farmer and herder culture
Alsace (History)

Alsace is one of the most conservative régions of France. It is one of just two régions in metropolitan France where the conservative right won the 2004 région elections and thus controls the Alsace Regional Council. Conservative leader Nicolas Sarkozy got his best score in Alsace (over 65%) in the second round of the French presidential elections of 2007. The president of the Regional Council is Philippe Richert, a member of the Union for a Popular Movement, elected in the 2010 regional election. The frequently changing status of the région throughout history has left its mark on modern day politics in terms of a particular interest in national identity issues. Alsace is also one of the most pro-EU regions of France. It was one of the few French regions that voted 'yes' to the European Constitution in 2005.

Q1: Which conservative leader in 2007 received the best score during the second round of elections?
A1: Nicolas Sarkozy
Q2: Who is the president of the regional counsel?
A2: Philippe Richert
Q3: Alsace was one of the few to vote for this measure from France, what was it?
A3: European Constitution in 2005
Alsace (History)

Alsace-Lorraine was occupied by Germany in 1940 during the Second World War. Although Germany never formally annexed Alsace-Lorraine, it was incorporated into the Greater German Reich, which had been restructured into Reichsgaue. Alsace was merged with Baden, and Lorraine with the Saarland, to become part of a planned Westmark. During the war, 130,000 young men from Alsace and Lorraine were inducted into the German army against their will (malgré-nous) and in some cases, the Waffen SS. Some of the latter were involved in war crimes such as the Oradour-sur-Glane massacre. Most of them perished on the eastern front. The few that could escape fled to Switzerland or joined the resistance. In July 1944, 1500 malgré-nous were released from Soviet captivity and sent to Algiers, where they joined the Free French Forces.

Q1: What year was Alsace-Lorraine occupied by Germany?
A1: 1940
Q2: Approximately how many Alsace and Lorraine men were forced into the German army during World War II?
A2: 130,000
Q3: Which group of people were released by the Russians to Algiers?
A3: malgré-nous
Post-punk (Music)

Also emerging during this period was New York's no wave movement, a short-lived art and music scene that began in part as a reaction against punk's recycling of traditionalist rock tropes and often reflected an abrasive, confrontational and nihilistic worldview. No wave musicians such as the Contortions, Teenage Jesus and the Jerks, Mars, DNA, Theoretical Girls and Rhys Chatham instead experimented with noise, dissonance and atonality in addition to non-rock styles. The former four groups were included on the Eno-produced No New York compilation, often considered the quintessential testament to the scene. The no wave-affiliated label ZE Records was founded in 1978, and would also produce acclaimed and influential compilations in subsequent years.

Q1: What type of worldview did New York's no wave movement tend to have?
A1: nihilistic
Q2: The Contortions, Teenage Jesus and the Jerks were all musicians part of what movement?
A2: No wave
Q3: Who produced the compilation "No New York"?
A3: Eno
Q4: What no wave-affiliated label was founded in 1978?
A4: ZE Records
Q5: In addition to non-rock styles, what did some of the no-wave groups experiment with sonically?
A5: noise, dissonance and atonality
Q6: What was no wave?
A6: a short-lived art and music scene that began in part as a reaction against punk's recycling of traditionalist rock tropes
Q7: What type of a view did no wave have?
A7: an abrasive, confrontational and nihilistic
Q8: What types of musicians were the Contortions, Teenage Jesus and the Jerks, Mars, DNA, Theoretical Girls and Rhys Chatham?
A8: No wave
Q9: When was ZE Records founded?
A9: 1978
Q10: What was considered the true portrait of the no wave movement?
A10: No New York
Detroit (Geography and places)

Also founded in 1935 and based in Detroit the Michigan Chronicle is one of the oldest and most respected African-American weekly newspapers in America. Covering politics, entertainment, sports and community events. The Detroit television market is the 11th largest in the United States; according to estimates that do not include audiences located in large areas of Ontario, Canada (Windsor and its surrounding area on broadcast and cable TV, as well as several other cable markets in Ontario, such as the city of Ottawa) which receive and watch Detroit television stations.

Q1: What newspaper was founded in 1935?
A1: Michigan Chronicle
Q2: How is Detroit's TV market ranked?
A2: 11th largest
Q3: How often does the Michigan Chronicle publish?
A3: weekly
Q4: What province of Canada is a large consumer of Detroit programming?
A4: Ontario
Friedrich_Hayek (Social sciences and society)

Also in 1931, Hayek critiqued Keynes's Treatise on Money (1930) in his "Reflections on the pure theory of Mr. J. M. Keynes" and published his lectures at the LSE in book form as Prices and Production. Unemployment and idle resources are, for Keynes, caused by a lack of effective demand; for Hayek, they stem from a previous, unsustainable episode of easy money and artificially low interest rates. Keynes asked his friend Piero Sraffa to respond. Sraffa elaborated on the effect of inflation-induced "forced savings" on the capital sector and about the definition of a "natural" interest rate in a growing economy. Others who responded negatively to Hayek's work on the business cycle included John Hicks, Frank Knight, and Gunnar Myrdal. Kaldor later wrote that Hayek's Prices and Production had produced "a remarkable crop of critics" and that the total number of pages in British and American journals dedicated to the resulting debate "could rarely have been equalled in the economic controversies of the past."

Q1: Hayek's critical analysis of Keyne's work was published under what title?
A1: Prices and Production
Q2: Apart from easy money, what did Hayek believe unemployment was caused by?
A2: artificially low interest rates
Q3: Who did Keynes turn to for assistance in arguing his point to Hayek?
A3: Piero Sraffa
Q4: According to Nicholas Kaldor, what had Hayek's book created?
A4: "a remarkable crop of critics"