LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Brigham_Young_University (Philosophy and religion)

Beyond this, BYU also runs a very large study abroad program, with satellite centers in London, Jerusalem, and Paris, as well as more than 20 other sites. Nearly 2,000 students take advantage of these programs yearly. In 2001, the Institute of International Education ranked BYU as the number one university in the U.S. to offer students study abroad opportunities. The BYU Jerusalem Center, which was closed in 2000 due to student security concerns related to the Second Intifada and, more recently, the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict, was reopened to students in the Winter 2007 semester.

Q1: How manys students take advantage of BYU's study abroad programs?
A1: Nearly 2,000
Q2: How did the Institute of International Education rank BYU in 2009 compared with U.S. universities that offer study abroad opportunities?
A2: number one
Q3: Which foreign BYU campus was closed in 2000 due to security concerns?
A3: BYU Jerusalem Center
Q4: When was the BYU Jerusalem Center reopened for students following it's closure in 2000?
A4: Winter 2007 semester
Q5: What was the most recent conflict that affected the closure of BYU Jerusalem Center from 2000-2007?
A5: 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict
Child_labour (Social sciences and society)

Biggeri and Mehrotra have studied the macroeconomic factors that encourage child labour. They focus their study on five Asian nations including India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Thailand and Philippines. They suggest that child labour is a serious problem in all five, but it is not a new problem. Macroeconomic causes encouraged widespread child labour across the world, over most of human history. They suggest that the causes for child labour include both the demand and the supply side. While poverty and unavailability of good schools explain the child labour supply side, they suggest that the growth of low-paying informal economy rather than higher paying formal economy is amongst the causes of the demand side. Other scholars too suggest that inflexible labour market, sise of informal economy, inability of industries to scale up and lack of modern manufacturing technologies are major macroeconomic factors affecting demand and acceptability of child labour.

Q1: Biggeri and Mehrotra studied primarily Asia nations including India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Philippines and what other country?
A1: Thailand
Q2: Is child labour a new issue in these Asian countries?
A2: not a new problem
Q3: Supply and what else causes child labour to still exist today?
A3: demand
Q4: What encourages child labour across the globe?
A4: Macroeconomic
Treaty (Language and literature)

Bilateral treaties are concluded between two states or entities. It is possible, however, for a bilateral treaty to have more than two parties; consider for instance the bilateral treaties between Switzerland and the European Union (EU) following the Swiss rejection of the European Economic Area agreement. Each of these treaties has seventeen parties. These however are still bilateral, not multilateral, treaties. The parties are divided into two groups, the Swiss ("on the one part") and the EU and its member states ("on the other part"). The treaty establishes rights and obligations between the Swiss and the EU and the member states severally—it does not establish any rights and obligations amongst the EU and its member states.[citation needed]

Q1: Bilateral treaties are concluded between how many states or entities?
A1: two
Q2: Is it possible for a bilateral treaty to have more than two parties?
A2: It is possible
Q3: The bilateral treaties between Switzerland and the European Union followed the Swiss rejection of what?
A3: the European Economic Area agreement
Q4: Does the bilateral treaty between Switzerland and the European Union establish rights or obligations amongst the EU and its member states?
A4: it does not
Q5: The treaty between Switzerland and the European Union is an example of what kind of treaty?
A5: bilateral
Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation (Social sciences and society)

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (or the Gates Foundation, abbreviated as BMGF) is the largest private foundation in the world, founded by Bill and Melinda Gates. It was launched in 2000 and is said to be the largest transparently operated private foundation in the world. The primary aims of the foundation are, globally, to enhance healthcare and reduce extreme poverty, and in America, to expand educational opportunities and access to information technology. The foundation, based in Seattle, Washington, is controlled by its three trustees: Bill Gates, Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett. Other principal officers include Co-Chair William H. Gates, Sr. and Chief Executive Officer Susan Desmond-Hellmann.

Q1: What is the largest private foundation in the world?
A1: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (or the Gates Foundation, abbreviated as BMGF) is the largest private foundation in the world
Q2: Where is the Bill and Melinda gates foundation based? 
A2: The foundation, based in Seattle, Washington
Zinc (Unknown)

Binary compounds of zinc are known for most of the metalloids and all the nonmetals except the noble gases. The oxide ZnO is a white powder that is nearly insoluble in neutral aqueous solutions, but is amphoteric, dissolving in both strong basic and acidic solutions. The other chalcogenides (ZnS, ZnSe, and ZnTe) have varied applications in electronics and optics. Pnictogenides (Zn
3N
2, Zn
3P
2, Zn
3As
2 and Zn
3Sb
2), the peroxide (ZnO
2), the hydride (ZnH
2), and the carbide (ZnC
2) are also known. Of the four halides, ZnF
2 has the most ionic character, whereas the others (ZnCl
2, ZnBr
2, and ZnI
2) have relatively low melting points and are considered to have more covalent character.

Q1: What is not known for binary compounds of zinc?
A1: noble gases
Q2: ZnO can be dissolved in what kind of solutions?
A2: strong basic and acidic solutions
Q3: What applications do chalcogenides have?
A3: electronics and optics.
Biodiversity (Natural sciences)

Biodiversity provides critical support for drug discovery and the availability of medicinal resources. A significant proportion of drugs are derived, directly or indirectly, from biological sources: at least 50% of the pharmaceutical compounds on the US market are derived from plants, animals, and micro-organisms, while about 80% of the world population depends on medicines from nature (used in either modern or traditional medical practice) for primary healthcare. Only a tiny fraction of wild species has been investigated for medical potential. Biodiversity has been critical to advances throughout the field of bionics. Evidence from market analysis and biodiversity science indicates that the decline in output from the pharmaceutical sector since the mid-1980s can be attributed to a move away from natural product exploration ("bioprospecting") in favor of genomics and synthetic chemistry, indeed claims about the value of undiscovered pharmaceuticals may not provide enough incentive for companies in free markets to search for them because of the high cost of development; meanwhile, natural products have a long history of supporting significant economic and health innovation. Marine ecosystems are particularly important, although inappropriate bioprospecting can increase biodiversity loss, as well as violating the laws of the communities and states from which the resources are taken.

Q1: What provides critical support for drug discovery and the availability of medicinal resources?
A1: Biodiversity
Q2: What percentage of US drugs are derived from plants, animals, and micro-organisms?
A2: at least 50%
Q3: What percentage of worldwide drugs are derived from nature?
A3: about 80%
Q4: What field has biodiversity made critical advances in?
A4: bionics
Biodiversity (Natural sciences)

Biodiversity's relevance to human health is becoming an international political issue, as scientific evidence builds on the global health implications of biodiversity loss. This issue is closely linked with the issue of climate change, as many of the anticipated health risks of climate change are associated with changes in biodiversity (e.g. changes in populations and distribution of disease vectors, scarcity of fresh water, impacts on agricultural biodiversity and food resources etc.) This is because the species most likely to disappear are those that buffer against infectious disease transmission, while surviving species tend to be the ones that increase disease transmission, such as that of West Nile Virus, Lyme disease and Hantavirus, according to a study done co-authored by Felicia Keesing, an ecologist at Bard College, and Drew Harvell, associate director for Environment of the Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future (ACSF) at Cornell University.

Q1: What is becoming an international political issue?
A1: Biodiversity's relevance to human health
Q2: What issue is closely linked with changes in biodiversity?
A2: climate change
Q3: What changes in biodiversity have an effect on the climate?
A3: changes in populations and distribution of disease vectors, scarcity of fresh water, impacts on agricultural biodiversity and food resources
Q4: What types of species disappear when a new disease is introduced?
A4: those that buffer against infectious disease transmission
Biodiversity (Natural sciences)

Biodiversity, a contraction of "biological diversity," generally refers to the variety and variability of life on Earth. One of the most widely used definitions defines it in terms of the variability within species, between species, and between ecosystems. It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems. This can refer to genetic variation, ecosystem variation, or species variation (number of species) within an area, biome, or planet. Terrestrial biodiversity tends to be greater near the equator, which seems to be the result of the warm climate and high primary productivity. Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on Earth. It is richest in the tropics. Marine biodiversity tends to be highest along coasts in the Western Pacific, where sea surface temperature is highest and in the mid-latitudinal band in all oceans. There are latitudinal gradients in species diversity. Biodiversity generally tends to cluster in hotspots, and has been increasing through time, but will be likely to slow in the future.

Q1: What term refers to  the variety and variability of life on Earth?
A1: Biodiversity
Q2: What types of variations does Biodiversity refer to?
A2: genetic variation, ecosystem variation, or species variation
Q3: What type of biodiversity happens near the equator?
A3: Terrestrial biodiversity
Q4: Where on Earth is biodiversity the most abundnant?
A4: It is richest in the tropics.
Q5: Where is sea surface temperature the highest?
A5: along coasts in the Western Pacific
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

Biographer J. Randy Taraborrelli described her ballad "I'll Remember" (1994) as an attempt to tone down her provocative image. The song was recorded for Alek Keshishian's film With Honors. She made a subdued appearance with Letterman at an awards show and appeared on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno after realizing that she needed to change her musical direction in order to sustain her popularity. With her sixth studio album, Bedtime Stories (1994), Madonna employed a softer image to try to improve the public perception. The album debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 and produced four singles, including "Secret" and "Take a Bow", the latter topping the Hot 100 for seven weeks, the longest period of any Madonna single. At the same time, she became romantically involved with fitness trainer Carlos Leon. Something to Remember, a collection of ballads, was released in November 1995. The album featured three new songs: "You'll See", "One More Chance", and a cover of Marvin Gaye's "I Want You".

Q1: Which biographer described her song "I'll Remember" as trying to clean up Madonna's image?
A1: J. Randy Taraborrelli
Q2: The song "I'll Remember" was recorded for which film?
A2: With Honors
Q3: What was Madonna's sixth album named?
A3: Bedtime Stories
Q4: The single "Take A Bow" was at the Hot 100 for how many weeks?
A4: seven weeks
Q5: Who was the fitness trainer that Madonna was involved with?
A5: Carlos Leon
Muammar_Gaddafi (History)

Biographers Blundy and Lycett believed that he was "a populist at heart." Throughout Libya, crowds of supporters would turn up to public events at which he appeared; described as "spontaneous demonstrations" by the government, there are recorded instances of groups being coerced or paid to attend. He was typically late to public events, and would sometimes not show up at all. Although Bianco thought he had a "gift for oratory", he was considered a poor orator by biographers Blundy and Lycett. Biographer Daniel Kawczynski noted that Gaddafi was famed for his "lengthy, wandering" speeches, which typically involved criticising Israel and the U.S.

Q1: Who referred to Gaddafi as a populist?
A1: Blundy and Lycett
Q2: Who stated that Gaddafi was a gifted speaker?
A2: Bianco
Q3: Who noted that Gaddafi made long speeches?
A3: Daniel Kawczynski
Anthropology (Social sciences and society)

Biological anthropologists are interested in both human variation and in the possibility of human universals (behaviors, ideas or concepts shared by virtually all human cultures). They use many different methods of study, but modern population genetics, participant observation and other techniques often take anthropologists "into the field," which means traveling to a community in its own setting, to do something called "fieldwork." On the biological or physical side, human measurements, genetic samples, nutritional data may be gathered and published as articles or monographs.

Q1: What type of anthropologist is interested in human variation?
A1: Biological
Q2: What would an idea shared by virtually all human cultures be considered?
A2: human universals
Q3: Where can participant observation take an anthropologist?
A3: into the field
Q4: To be able to do fieldwork, an anthropologist must first travel to what?
A4: a community in its own setting
Q5: Articles can published once what type of samples have been taken?
A5: genetic
Renewable_energy_commercialization (Engineering and technology)

Biomass for heat and power is a fully mature technology which offers a ready disposal mechanism for municipal, agricultural, and industrial organic wastes. However, the industry has remained relatively stagnant over the decade to 2007, even though demand for biomass (mostly wood) continues to grow in many developing countries. One of the problems of biomass is that material directly combusted in cook stoves produces pollutants, leading to severe health and environmental consequences, although improved cook stove programmes are alleviating some of these effects. First-generation biomass technologies can be economically competitive, but may still require deployment support to overcome public acceptance and small-scale issues.

Q1: What is one problem with biomass?
A1: material directly combusted in cook stoves produces pollutants
Q2: What can be economically competetive but may still require deployment support?
A2: First-generation biomass technologies
Q3: What is a fully maturing technology which offer a ready disposal mechanismm?
A3: Biomass for heat and power
Immunology (Natural sciences)

Bioscience is the overall major in which undergraduate students who are interested in general well-being take in college. Immunology is a branch of bioscience for undergraduate programs but the major gets specified as students move on for graduate program in immunology. The aim of immunology is to study the health of humans and animals through effective yet consistent research, (AAAAI, 2013). The most important thing about being immunologists is the research because it is the biggest portion of their jobs.

Q1: What discipline can undergraduate students interested in general health study?
A1: Bioscience
Q2: Immunology is a branch of what larger field of study?
A2: bioscience
Q3: The goal of an immunologist is to study what beings?
A3: humans and animals
Q4: The biggest part of an immunologist's job is what?
A4: research
Q5: What two conditions apply to good immunological study?
A5: effective yet consistent research
Transistor (Engineering and technology)

Bipolar transistors are so named because they conduct by using both majority and minority carriers. The bipolar junction transistor, the first type of transistor to be mass-produced, is a combination of two junction diodes, and is formed of either a thin layer of p-type semiconductor sandwiched between two n-type semiconductors (an n–p–n transistor), or a thin layer of n-type semiconductor sandwiched between two p-type semiconductors (a p–n–p transistor). This construction produces two p–n junctions: a base–emitter junction and a base–collector junction, separated by a thin region of semiconductor known as the base region (two junction diodes wired together without sharing an intervening semiconducting region will not make a transistor).

Q1: What gives bipolar transistors their name?
A1: they conduct by using both majority and minority carriers
Q2: What was the first mass-produced transistor?
A2: bipolar junction transistor
Q3: What is the bipolar junction transistor a combination of?
A3: two junction diodes
Q4: What is the name for a layer of p-type semiconductor set between two n-type semiconductors?
A4: n–p–n transistor
Q5: What is the name for a layer of n-type semiconductor set between two p-type semiconductors?
A5: p–n–p transistor
Bird (Natural sciences)

Bird eggs are usually laid in a nest. Most species create somewhat elaborate nests, which can be cups, domes, plates, beds scrapes, mounds, or burrows. Some bird nests, however, are extremely primitive; albatross nests are no more than a scrape on the ground. Most birds build nests in sheltered, hidden areas to avoid predation, but large or colonial birds—which are more capable of defence—may build more open nests. During nest construction, some species seek out plant matter from plants with parasite-reducing toxins to improve chick survival, and feathers are often used for nest insulation. Some bird species have no nests; the cliff-nesting common guillemot lays its eggs on bare rock, and male emperor penguins keep eggs between their body and feet. The absence of nests is especially prevalent in ground-nesting species where the newly hatched young are precocial.

Q1: Where do birds usually lay their eggs?
A1: nest
Q2: What type of birds lay its eggs on bare rock?
A2: cliff-nesting common guillemot
Q3: Where do male emporer penguins keep eggs?
A3: between their body and feet
Q4: Which type of bird nests are no more than a scrape on the ground?
A4: albatross
Bird_migration (Natural sciences)

Bird migration is not limited to birds that can fly. Most species of penguin (Spheniscidae) migrate by swimming. These routes can cover over 1,000 km (620 mi). Dusky grouse Dendragapus obscurus perform altitudinal migration mostly by walking. Emus Dromaius novaehollandiae in Australia have been observed to undertake long-distance movements on foot during droughts.

Q1: How do penguins migrate?
A1: by swimming
Q2: How far do penguins travel when they migrate?
A2: over 1,000 km
Q3: How do Dusky grouse migrate?
A3: mostly by walking
Q4: How do Emus migrate long distances during droughts?
A4: on foot
Q5: Where are Emus from?
A5: Australia
Bird_migration (Natural sciences)

Bird migration is primarily, but not entirely, a Northern Hemisphere phenomenon. This is because land birds in high northern latitudes, where food becomes scarce in winter, leave for areas further south (including the Southern Hemisphere) to overwinter, and because the continental landmass is much larger in the Northern Hemisphere. In contrast, among (pelagic) seabirds, species of the Southern Hemisphere are more likely to migrate. This is because there is a large area of ocean in the Southern Hemisphere, and more islands suitable for seabirds to nest.

Q1: In which hemisphere does bird migration primarily happen?
A1: Northern
Q2: Where do birds from high northern latitutes migrate to?
A2: south
Q3: Why do birds migrate south in winter?
A3: food becomes scarce
Q4: Which species of seabirds are more likely to migrate?
A4: species of the Southern Hemisphere
Q5: Why are seabirds from the southern hemisphere more likely to migrate?
A5: there is a large area of ocean in the Southern Hemisphere
Bird_migration (Natural sciences)

Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea.

Q1: Where does migration mainly occur?
A1: the northern hemisphere
Q2: Why do birds primarily migrate?
A2: availability of food
Q3: Which birds migrate?
A3: Many species
Q4: What is bird migration?
A4: the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds
Q5: What is a cause of death to birds during migration?
A5: humans
Bird_migration (Natural sciences)

Bird migration routes have been studied by a variety of techniques including the oldest, marking. Swans have been marked with a nick on the beak since about 1560 in England. Scientific ringing was pioneered by Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen in 1899. Other techniques include radar and satellite tracking.

Q1: What is the oldest way to study migration?
A1: marking
Q2: How have swans been marked?
A2: a nick on the beak
Q3: Since when have swans been marked?
A3: 1560
Q4: Who was scientific ringing pioneered by?
A4: Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen
Q5: What are other forms of studying migration?
A5: radar and satellite tracking
Bird (Natural sciences)

Birds (Aves) are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a lightweight but strong skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the 5 cm (2 in) bee hummingbird to the 2.75 m (9 ft) ostrich. They rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, at approximately ten thousand, with more than half of these being passerines, sometimes known as perching birds or, less accurately, as songbirds.

Q1: What is a group of endothermic vertebrates characterised by feathers and toothless beaked jaws?
A1: Birds
Q2: What is the smallest bird?
A2: bee hummingbird
Q3: What is the largest bird?
A3: ostrich
Q4: What is the size of the smallest bird?
A4: 5 cm (2 in)
Q5: What is the size of the largest bird?
A5: 2.75 m (9 ft)
Bird (Natural sciences)

Birds are often important to island ecology. Birds have frequently reached islands that mammals have not; on those islands, birds may fulfill ecological roles typically played by larger animals. For example, in New Zealand the moas were important browsers, as are the kereru and kokako today. Today the plants of New Zealand retain the defensive adaptations evolved to protect them from the extinct moa. Nesting seabirds may also affect the ecology of islands and surrounding seas, principally through the concentration of large quantities of guano, which may enrich the local soil and the surrounding seas.

Q1: What are often important to island ecology?
A1: Birds
Q2: What type of birds may also affect the ecology of islands and surrounding areas?
A2: Nesting seabirds
Q3: In New Zealand, what were important browsers, as the kereru and kokako are today?
A3: moas