LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
To_Kill_a_Mockingbird (Language and literature)

Scholar Patrick Chura, who suggests Emmett Till was a model for Tom Robinson, enumerates the injustices endured by the fictional Tom that Till also faced. Chura notes the icon of the black rapist causing harm to the representation of the "mythologized vulnerable and sacred Southern womanhood". Any transgressions by black males that merely hinted at sexual contact with white females during the time the novel was set often resulted in a punishment of death for the accused. Tom Robinson's trial was juried by poor white farmers who convicted him despite overwhelming evidence of his innocence, as more educated and moderate white townspeople supported the jury's decision. Furthermore, the victim of racial injustice in To Kill a Mockingbird was physically impaired, which made him unable to commit the act he was accused of, but also crippled him in other ways. Roslyn Siegel includes Tom Robinson as an example of the recurring motif among white Southern writers of the black man as "stupid, pathetic, defenseless, and dependent upon the fair dealing of the whites, rather than his own intelligence to save him". Although Tom is spared from being lynched, he is killed with excessive violence during an attempted escape from prison, shot seventeen times.

Q1: The main jurors in Tom Robinson's trial were all which race?
A1: white
Q2: How did Tom Robinson die in the novel?
A2: shot seventeen times
Q3: At the time of the novel's setting, what punishment was often received by black males for percieved sexual contact with a white woman?
A3: death
Q4: Who comprised Tom's jury?
A4: poor white farmers
Q5: How many times was Tom shot?
A5: seventeen
Hellenistic_period (History)

Scholars and historians are divided as to what event signals the end of the Hellenistic era. The Hellenistic period may be seen to end either with the final conquest of the Greek heartlands by Rome in 146 BC following the Achean War, with the final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, or even the move by Roman emperor Constantine the Great of the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople in 330 AD. "Hellenistic" is distinguished from "Hellenic" in that the first encompasses the entire sphere of direct ancient Greek influence, while the latter refers to Greece itself.

Q1: When was the final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom?
A1: 31 BC
Q2: Who was the Roman emporer?
A2: Constantine the Great
Q3: When did the capital of the Roman Empire move to Constantinople?
A3: 330 AD
Q4: What term defines the influence of Greek culture?
A4: Hellenistic
Q5: Where did the Roman Empire move to in 330 AD?
A5: Constantinople
To_Kill_a_Mockingbird (Language and literature)

Scholars argue that Lee's approach to class and race was more complex "than ascribing racial prejudice primarily to 'poor white trash' ... Lee demonstrates how issues of gender and class intensify prejudice, silence the voices that might challenge the existing order, and greatly complicate many Americans' conception of the causes of racism and segregation." Lee's use of the middle-class narrative voice is a literary device that allows an intimacy with the reader, regardless of class or cultural background, and fosters a sense of nostalgia. Sharing Scout and Jem's perspective, the reader is allowed to engage in relationships with the conservative antebellum Mrs. Dubose; the lower-class Ewells, and the Cunninghams who are equally poor but behave in vastly different ways; the wealthy but ostracized Mr. Dolphus Raymond; and Calpurnia and other members of the black community. The children internalize Atticus' admonition not to judge someone until they have walked around in that person's skin, gaining a greater understanding of people's motives and behavior.

Q1: Are the Ewell's considered rich or poor?
A1: poor
Q2: What two factors did Lee demonstrate intensified prejudice?
A2: gender and class
Q3: The children's non-judgmental attitude gave them a greater understanding of what?
A3: people's motives and behavior
Rule_of_law (History)

Scholars continue to debate whether the U.S. Constitution adopted a particular interpretation of the "rule of law," and if so, which one. For example, John Harrison asserts that the word "law" in the Constitution is simply defined as that which is legally binding, rather than being "defined by formal or substantive criteria," and therefore judges do not have discretion to decide that laws fail to satisfy such unwritten and vague criteria. Law Professor Frederick Mark Gedicks disagrees, writing that Cicero, Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, and the framers of the U.S. Constitution believed that an unjust law was not really a law at all.

Q1: Who disagrees with the ideas proposed by John Harrison?
A1: Law Professor Frederick Mark Gedicks
Q2: For what body of principles is it debated whether or not it was constructed according to the rule of law?
A2: U.S. Constitution
Q3: According to John Harrison, through the Constitution, what is law?
A3: that which is legally binding
Q4: According to Frederick Mark Gedicks, who believed that unjust laws were not really laws?
A4: the framers of the U.S. Constitution
Black_people (Language and literature)

Scholars disagree over the effects of social status on racial classifications in Brazil. It is generally believed that achieving upward mobility and education results in individuals being classified as a category of lighter skin. The popular claim is that in Brazil, poor whites are considered black and wealthy blacks are considered white. Some scholars disagree, arguing that "whitening" of one's social status may be open to people of mixed race, a large part of the population known as pardo, but a person perceived as preto (black) will continue to be classified as black regardless of wealth or social status.

Q1: What type of skin color has a better chance of a good life in Brazil?
A1: lighter skin
Q2: What are poor whites considered in Brazil?
A2: black
Q3: What are wealthy blacks considered in Brazil?
A3: white
Q4: What does Preto mean?
A4: (black)
To_Kill_a_Mockingbird (Language and literature)

Scholars have characterized To Kill a Mockingbird as both a Southern Gothic and coming-of-age or Bildungsroman novel. The grotesque and near-supernatural qualities of Boo Radley and his house, and the element of racial injustice involving Tom Robinson contribute to the aura of the Gothic in the novel. Lee used the term "Gothic" to describe the architecture of Maycomb's courthouse and in regard to Dill's exaggeratedly morbid performances as Boo Radley. Outsiders are also an important element of Southern Gothic texts and Scout and Jem's questions about the hierarchy in the town cause scholars to compare the novel to Catcher in the Rye and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Despite challenging the town's systems, Scout reveres Atticus as an authority above all others, because he believes that following one's conscience is the highest priority, even when the result is social ostracism. However, scholars debate about the Southern Gothic classification, noting that Boo Radley is in fact human, protective, and benevolent. Furthermore, in addressing themes such as alcoholism, incest, rape, and racial violence, Lee wrote about her small town realistically rather than melodramatically. She portrays the problems of individual characters as universal underlying issues in every society.

Q1: What genre of book is To Kill a Mockingbird typically called?
A1: Southern Gothic and coming-of-age or Bildungsroman novel
Q2: What term did Lee use to describe the town's courthouse?
A2: Gothic
Q3: Who does Scout revere above everyone else?
A3: Atticus
Hindu_philosophy (Philosophy and religion)

Scholars have debated the relationship and differences within āstika philosophies and with nāstika philosophies, starting with the writings of Indologists and Orientalists of the 18th and 19th centuries, which were themselves derived from limited availability of Indian literature and medieval doxographies. The various sibling traditions included in Hindu philosophies are diverse, and they are united by shared history and concepts, same textual resources, similar ontological and soteriological focus, and cosmology. While Buddhism and Jainism are considered distinct philosophies and religions, some heterodox traditions such as Cārvāka are often considered as distinct schools within Hindu philosophy.

Q1: What have scholars argued about with regards to nastika and astika philosophies?
A1: relationship and differences
Q2: In what centuries the writings of scholars been used to debate the philosophies?
A2: 18th and 19th
Q3: What are Buddhism and Jainism regarded as in relation to religion and philosophy?
A3: distinct
Q4: What are other schools regarded as within Hindu philosophy?
A4: distinct schools
Q5: How available are the sources of knowledge on Indian philosophy?
A5: limited
Culture (Philosophy and religion)

Scholars in the United Kingdom and the United States developed somewhat different versions of cultural studies after the late 1970s. The British version of cultural studies had originated in the 1950s and 1960s, mainly under the influence first of Richard Hoggart, E. P. Thompson, and Raymond Williams, and later that of Stuart Hall and others at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at the University of Birmingham. This included overtly political, left-wing views, and criticisms of popular culture as "capitalist" mass culture; it absorbed some of the ideas of the Frankfurt School critique of the "culture industry" (i.e. mass culture). This emerges in the writings of early British cultural-studies scholars and their influences: see the work of (for example) Raymond Williams, Stuart Hall, Paul Willis, and Paul Gilroy.

Q1: Around when did the United States and United Kingdom began to develop different versions of cultural studies?
A1: late 1970s
Q2: When did the British version of cultural studies emerge?
A2: 1950s and 1960s
Q3: Who had influenced cultural studies in the U.K?
A3: Richard Hoggart, E. P. Thompson, and Raymond Williams, and later that of Stuart Hall
Q4: Which University did research of cultural studies take place under CCCS?
A4: the University of Birmingham
Athanasius_of_Alexandria (Philosophy and religion)

Scholars now believe that the Arian Party was not monolithic, but held drastically different theological views that spanned the early Christian theological spectrum. They supported the tenets of Origenist thought and theology, but had little else in common. Moreover, many labelled "Arian" did not consider themselves followers of Arius. In addition, non-Homoousian bishops disagreed with being labeled as followers of Arius, since Arius was merely a presbyter, while they were fully ordained bishops. However, others point to the Council of Nicaea as proof in and of itself that Arianism was a real theological ideology.[citation needed]

Q1: Did all Arians believe the same things?
A1: different theological views
Q2: Were Arians also Origenists?
A2: supported the tenets
Q3: Did the bishops consider themselves Arians?
A3: bishops disagreed
Q4: What did the Council of Nicaea decide about Arianism?
A4: a real theological ideology
Q5: Did Arians have one set of beliefs?
A5: not monolithic
Institute_of_technology (Engineering and technology)

Schools called "technical institute" or "technical school" that were formed in the early 20th century provided further education between high school and University or Polytechnic. Most technical institutes have been merged into regional colleges and some have been designated university colleges if they are associated with a local university.

Q1: If a technical institute is affiliated with a local university, what does its designation become?
A1: university colleges
Q2: What century brought the advent of technical schools or technical institutes?
A2: 20th century
Q3: A student would attend a technical institute before a university or polytechnic but after what?
A3: high school
Arnold_Schwarzenegger (Media and drama)

Schwarzenegger admitted that he has "behaved badly sometimes" and apologized, but also stated that "a lot of [what] you see in the stories is not true". This came after an interview in adult magazine Oui from 1977 surfaced, in which Schwarzenegger discussed attending sexual orgies and using substances such as marijuana. Schwarzenegger is shown smoking a marijuana joint after winning Mr. Olympia in the 1975 documentary film Pumping Iron. In an interview with GQ magazine in October 2007, Schwarzenegger said, "[Marijuana] is not a drug. It's a leaf. My drug was pumping iron, trust me." His spokesperson later said the comment was meant to be a joke.

Q1: What magazine published an interview quoting Schwarzenegger calling marijuana a "leaf"?
A1: GQ
Q2: What drug does the documentary Pumping Iron show Schwarzenegger using?
A2: marijuana
Arnold_Schwarzenegger (Media and drama)

Schwarzenegger announced his candidacy in the 2003 California recall election for Governor of California on the August 6, 2003 episode of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. Schwarzenegger had the most name recognition in a crowded field of candidates, but he had never held public office and his political views were unknown to most Californians. His candidacy immediately became national and international news, with media outlets dubbing him the "Governator" (referring to The Terminator movies, see above) and "The Running Man" (the name of another one of his films), and calling the recall election "Total Recall" (yet another movie starring Schwarzenegger). Schwarzenegger declined to participate in several debates with other recall replacement candidates, and appeared in only one debate on September 24, 2003.

Q1: The episode of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno where Schwarzenegger announced his candidacy for Governor aired on what date?
A1: August 6, 2003
Q2: How many debates did Schwarzenegger participate in before the 2003 California recall election?
A2: one
Arnold_Schwarzenegger (Media and drama)

Schwarzenegger became a naturalized U.S. citizen on September 17, 1983. Shortly before he gained his citizenship, he asked the Austrian authorities for the right to keep his Austrian citizenship, as Austria does not usually allow dual citizenship. His request was granted, and he retained his Austrian citizenship. In 2005, Peter Pilz, a member of the Austrian Parliament from the Austrian Green Party, demanded that Parliament revoke Schwarzenegger's Austrian citizenship due to his decision not to prevent the executions of Donald Beardslee and Stanley Williams, causing damage of reputation to Austria, where the death penalty has been abolished since 1968. This demand was based on Article 33 of the Austrian Citizenship Act that states: "A citizen, who is in the public service of a foreign country, shall be deprived of his citizenship, if he heavily damages the reputation or the interests of the Austrian Republic." Pilz claimed that Schwarzenegger's actions in support of the death penalty (prohibited in Austria under Protocol 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights) had indeed done damage to Austria's reputation. Schwarzenegger explained his actions by referring to the fact that his only duty as Governor of California was to prevent an error in the judicial system.

Q1: What year did Austria outlaw the death penalty?
A1: 1968
Q2: Which member of Austrian parliament wanted Schwarzenegger to lose his Austrian citizenship?
A2: Peter Pilz
Arnold_Schwarzenegger (Media and drama)

Schwarzenegger began weight training at the age of 15. He won the Mr. Universe title at age 20 and went on to win the Mr. Olympia contest seven times. Schwarzenegger has remained a prominent presence in bodybuilding and has written many books and articles on the sport. He is widely considered to be among the greatest bodybuilders of all times as well as its biggest icon. Schwarzenegger gained worldwide fame as a Hollywood action film icon. His breakthrough film was the sword-and-sorcery epic Conan the Barbarian in 1982, which was a box-office hit and resulted in a sequel. In 1984, he appeared in James Cameron's science-fiction thriller film The Terminator, which was a massive critical and box-office success. Schwarzenegger subsequently reprised the Terminator character in the franchise's later installments in 1991, 2003, and 2015. He appeared in a number of successful films, such as Commando (1985), The Running Man (1987), Predator (1987), Twins (1988), Total Recall (1990), Kindergarten Cop (1990) and True Lies (1994). He was nicknamed the "Austrian Oak" in his bodybuilding days, "Arnie" during his acting career, and "The Governator" (a portmanteau of "Governor" and "The Terminator", one of his best-known movie roles).

Q1: How old was Schwarzenegger when he started bodybuilding?
A1: 15
Q2: How many times was Schwarzenegger awarded the Mr. Olympia title?
A2: seven
Q3: For which film from 1982 did Schwarzenegger first gain fame?
A3: Conan the Barbarian
Q4: How old was Schwarzenegger when he won Mr. Universe?
A4: 20
Q5: What nickname did Schwarzenegger's co-stars call him by during his acting career?
A5: Arnie
Arnold_Schwarzenegger (Media and drama)

Schwarzenegger came out of retirement, however, to compete in the 1980 Mr. Olympia. Schwarzenegger was training for his role in Conan, and he got into such good shape because of the running, horseback riding and sword training, that he decided he wanted to win the Mr. Olympia contest one last time. He kept this plan a secret, in the event that a training accident would prevent his entry and cause him to lose face. Schwarzenegger had been hired to provide color commentary for network television, when he announced at the eleventh hour that while he was there: "Why not compete?" Schwarzenegger ended up winning the event with only seven weeks of preparation. After being declared Mr. Olympia for a seventh time, Schwarzenegger then officially retired from competition.

Q1: For what Hollywood role was Schwarzenegger training in 1980?
A1: Conan
Q2: How many weeks did Schwarzenegger spend getting ready for the 1980 Mr. Olympia contest?
A2: seven
Q3: How many times did Schwarzenegger win Mr. Olympia before retiring for good?
A3: seven
Arnold_Schwarzenegger (Media and drama)

Schwarzenegger continues to work out even today. When asked about his personal training during the 2011 Arnold Classic he said that he was still working out a half an hour with weights every day.

Q1: In 2011, how much time each day did Schwarzenegger say he lifted weights? 
A1: half an hour
Arnold_Schwarzenegger (Media and drama)

Schwarzenegger drew attention and boosted his profile in the bodybuilding film Pumping Iron (1977), elements of which were dramatized; in 1991, he purchased the rights to the film, its outtakes, and associated still photography. In 1977, he also appeared in an episode of the ABC situation comedy The San Pedro Beach Bums. Schwarzenegger auditioned for the title role of The Incredible Hulk, but did not win the role because of his height. Later, Lou Ferrigno got the part of Dr. David Banner's alter ego. Schwarzenegger appeared with Kirk Douglas and Ann-Margret in the 1979 comedy The Villain. In 1980, he starred in a biographical film of the 1950s actress Jayne Mansfield as Mansfield's husband, Mickey Hargitay.

Q1: When did Schwarzenegger purchase the rights to the film Pumping Iron?
A1: 1991
Q2: In what year did Schwarzenegger play Jayne Mansfield's husband in a film?
A2: 1980
Q3: What role did Schwarzenegger miss out on because of his height?
A3: The Incredible Hulk
Q4: What 1979 comedy film featured Schwarzenegger, Kirk Douglas, and Ann-Margret?
A4: The Villain
Arnold_Schwarzenegger (Media and drama)

Schwarzenegger has admitted to using performance-enhancing anabolic steroids while they were legal, writing in 1977 that "steroids were helpful to me in maintaining muscle size while on a strict diet in preparation for a contest. I did not use them for muscle growth, but rather for muscle maintenance when cutting up." He has called the drugs "tissue building."

Q1: In what year did Schwarzenegger write that he used anabolic steroid because they were "helpful"?
A1: 1977
Arnold_Schwarzenegger (Media and drama)

Schwarzenegger has been a registered Republican for many years. As an actor, his political views were always well known as they contrasted with those of many other prominent Hollywood stars, who are generally considered to be a liberal and Democratic-leaning community. At the 2004 Republican National Convention, Schwarzenegger gave a speech and explained why he was a Republican:

Q1: In what year did Schwarzenegger speak at the Republican National Convention?
A1: 2004
Arnold_Schwarzenegger (Media and drama)

Schwarzenegger has consulted an attorney, Bob Kaufman. Kaufman has earlier handled divorce cases for celebrities such as Jennifer Aniston and Reese Witherspoon. Schwarzenegger will keep the Brentwood home as part of their divorce settlement and Shriver has purchased a new home nearby so that the children may travel easily between their parents' homes. They will share custody of the two minor children. Schwarzenegger came under fire after the initial petition did not include spousal support and a reimbursement of attorney's fees. However, he claims this was not intentional and that he signed the initial documents without having properly read them. Schwarzenegger has filed amended divorce papers remedying this.

Q1: Which attorney did Schwarzenegger consult to handle his divorce?
A1: Bob Kaufman
Q2: Which of the two kept their family home in Brentwood?
A2: Schwarzenegger
Q3: Schwarzenegger's initial divorce petition failed to provide for attorney's fee reimbursement and what other condition of divorce?
A3: spousal support
Arnold_Schwarzenegger (Media and drama)

Schwarzenegger has had a highly successful business career. Following his move to the United States, Schwarzenegger became a "prolific goal setter" and would write his objectives at the start of the year on index cards, like starting a mail order business or buying a new car – and succeed in doing so. By the age of 30, Schwarzenegger was a millionaire, well before his career in Hollywood. His financial independence came from his success as a budding entrepreneur with a series of successful business ventures and investments.

Q1: Where would Schwarzenegger write down his goals?
A1: index cards
Q2: Schwarzenegger became a millionaire by what age?
A2: 30
Arnold_Schwarzenegger (Media and drama)

Schwarzenegger is a dual Austrian/United States citizen. He holds Austrian citizenship by birth and has held U.S. citizenship since becoming naturalized in 1983. Being Austrian and thus European, he was able to win the 2007 European Voice campaigner of the year award for taking action against climate change with the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 and plans to introduce an emissions trading scheme with other US states and possibly with the EU.

Q1: What year did Schwarzenegger become a naturalized citizen of the United States?
A1: 1983
Q2: In what country besides the U.S. is Schwarzenegger a citizen?
A2: Austrian
Arnold_Schwarzenegger (Media and drama)

Schwarzenegger is considered among the most important figures in the history of bodybuilding, and his legacy is commemorated in the Arnold Classic annual bodybuilding competition. Schwarzenegger has remained a prominent face in the bodybuilding sport long after his retirement, in part because of his ownership of gyms and fitness magazines. He has presided over numerous contests and awards shows.

Q1: What bodybuilding competition is named after Schwarzenegger?
A1: the Arnold Classic