LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Valencia (Geography and places)

Among the parish churches are Saints John (Baptist and Evangelist), rebuilt in 1368, whose dome, decorated by Palonino, contains some of the best frescoes in Spain; El Templo (the Temple), the ancient church of the Knights Templar, which passed into the hands of the Order of Montesa and was rebuilt in the reigns of Ferdinand VI and Charles III; the former convent of the Dominicans, at one time the headquarters of the Capital General, the cloister of which has a beautiful Gothic wing and the chapter room, large columns imitating palm trees; the Colegio del Corpus Christi, which is devoted to the Blessed Sacrament, and in which perpetual adoration is carried on; the Jesuit college, which was destroyed in 1868 by the revolutionary Committee of the Popular Front, but later rebuilt; and the Colegio de San Juan (also of the Society), the former college of the nobles, now a provincial institute for secondary instruction.

Q1: What church holds some of Spain's greatest frescoes?
A1: Saints John
Q2: Who decorated the Saints John's dome?
A2: Palonino
Q3: Who destroyed the Jesuit college?
A3: the revolutionary Committee of the Popular Front
Q4: What was once headquartered in the former Dominican convent?
A4: Capital General
Q5: What was once a college for nobles and is now a place of secondary education?
A5: Colegio de San Juan
Architecture (Art and architecture)

Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology.

Q1: What are some philosophies that modern architects use?
A1: rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology.
Q2: Rationalism and empiricism are examples of what?
A2: philosophies
Q3: Aside from the architects what did the philosophies influence?
A3: their approach to building design
Q4: Which philosophy followed structuralism?
A4: poststructuralism
Edmund_Burke (History)

Among the reasons this speech was so greatly admired was its passage on Lord Bathurst (1684–1775); Burke describes an angel in 1704 prophesying to Bathurst the future greatness of England and also of America: "Young man, There is America – which at this day serves little more than to amuse you with stories of savage men, and uncouth manners; yet shall, before you taste of death, shew itself equal to the whole of that commerce which now attracts the envy of the world". Samuel Johnson was so irritated at hearing it continually praised, that he made a parody of it, where the devil appears to a young Whig and predicts that in short time, Whiggism will poison even the paradise of America!

Q1: When did Lord Bathurst die?
A1: 1775
Q2: When did an angel supposedly speak to Bathurst?
A2: 1704
Q3: What political position did Samuel Johnson say would soon poison America?
A3: Whiggism
Q4: When was Lord Bathurst born?
A4: 1684
Q5: In Samuel Johnson's writing, who appeared to a Whig?
A5: the devil
Middle_Ages (History)

Among the results of the Greek and Islamic influence on this period in European history was the replacement of Roman numerals with the decimal positional number system and the invention of algebra, which allowed more advanced mathematics. Astronomy advanced following the translation of Ptolemy's Almagest from Greek into Latin in the late 12th century. Medicine was also studied, especially in southern Italy, where Islamic medicine influenced the school at Salerno.

Q1: What invention led to advances in mathematics?
A1: algebra
Q2: What influential astronomy text did Ptomely author?
A2: Almagest
Q3: In what language was Almagest originally written?
A3: Greek
Q4: In what city was a medical school located that was notably influenced by Islamic medicine?
A4: Salerno
Q5: Into what language was Almagest translated in the 12th century?
A5: Latin
Boston (Geography and places)

Amtrak's Northeast Corridor and Chicago lines originate at South Station, which serves as a major intermodal transportation hub, and stop at Back Bay. Fast Northeast Corridor trains, which serve New York City, Washington, D.C., and points in between, also stop at Route 128 Station in the southwestern suburbs of Boston. Meanwhile, Amtrak's Downeaster service to Maine originates at North Station, despite the current lack of a dedicated passenger rail link between the two railhubs, other than the "T" subway lines.

Q1: Where do Amtrack's Northeast corridor and Chicago lines start?
A1: South Station
Q2: Where do Amtrack's Northeast corridor and Chicago lines end?
A2: Back Bay
Q3: Trains serving new Yourk and Washington D.C also stop where?
A3: Route 128 Station
Q4: What suburbs of Boston is the Route 128 Station located in?
A4: southwestern
Q5: Where does the Downeaster service to maine start?
A5: North Station
On_the_Origin_of_Species (Natural sciences)

An 1855 paper on the "introduction" of species, written by Alfred Russel Wallace, claimed that patterns in the geographical distribution of living and fossil species could be explained if every new species always came into existence near an already existing, closely related species. Charles Lyell recognised the implications of Wallace's paper and its possible connection to Darwin's work, although Darwin did not, and in a letter written on 1–2 May 1856 Lyell urged Darwin to publish his theory to establish priority. Darwin was torn between the desire to set out a full and convincing account and the pressure to quickly produce a short paper. He met Lyell, and in correspondence with Joseph Dalton Hooker affirmed that he did not want to expose his ideas to review by an editor as would have been required to publish in an academic journal. He began a "sketch" account on 14 May 1856, and by July had decided to produce a full technical treatise on species. His theory including the principle of divergence was complete by 5 September 1857 when he sent Asa Gray a brief but detailed abstract of his ideas.

Q1: When was the "Introduction of Species" paper written?
A1: 1855
Q2: Who wrote the "Introduction of Species" paper?
A2: Alfred Russel Wallace
Q3: How did Wallace claim that patterns in the distribution of species could be explained?
A3: if every new species always came into existence near an already existing, closely related species
Q4: Which scientist recognized the possible validity and implications of Wallace's paper?
A4: Charles Lyell
Q5: When did Lyell ask Darwin to publish his theory to give it priority?
A5: 1–2 May 1856
Somalis (Geography and places)

An Ancient Chinese document from the 9th century referred to the northern Somali coast — which was then called "Berbera" by Arab geographers in reference to the region's "Berber" (Cushitic) inhabitants — as Po-pa-li. The first clear written reference of the sobriquet Somali, however, dates back to the 15th century. During the wars between the Sultanate of Ifat based at Zeila and the Solomonic Dynasty, the Abyssinian Emperor had one of his court officials compose a hymn celebrating a military victory over the Sultan of Ifat's eponymous troops.

Q1: What did the Arabs call the northern Somali coast in the 9th century?
A1: Berbera
Q2: What did the Chinese call the northern Somali coast in the 9th century?
A2: Po-pa-li
Q3: In what century was the term 'Somali' first used?
A3: 15th
Q4: Who ordered that a hymn be composed that first mentioned the Somalis?
A4: the Abyssinian Emperor
Q5: Where was the Sultanate of Ifat located?
A5: Zeila
Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation (History)

An FBI special agent is issued a Glock Model 22 pistol or a Glock 23 in .40 S&W caliber. If they fail their first qualification, they are issued either a Glock 17 or Glock 19, to aid in their next qualification. In May 1997, the FBI officially adopted the Glock .40 S&W pistol for general agent use and first issued it to New Agent Class 98-1 in October 1997. At present, the Model 23 "FG&R" (finger groove and rail) is the issue sidearm. New agents are issued firearms, on which they must qualify, on successful completion of their training at the FBI Academy. The Glock 26 in 9×19mm Parabellum, and Glock Models 23 and 27 in .40 S&W caliber are authorized as secondary weapons. Special agents are authorized to purchase and qualify with the Glock Model 21 in .45 ACP. Special agents of the FBI HRT (Hostage Rescue Team), and regional SWAT teams are issued the Springfield Professional Model 1911A1 .45 ACP pistol (see FBI Special Weapons and Tactics Teams).

Q1: What gun are FBI special agents issued?
A1: Glock Model 22 pistol or a Glock 23 in .40 S&W caliber
Q2: What are FBI special agents issued if they fail their first qualification?
A2: Glock 17 or Glock 19
Q3: What did the FBI adopt in May 1997
A3: Glock .40 S&W pistol
Q4: What did the FBI adopt the Glock .40 S&W pistol for?
A4: general agent use
Q5: What class was the first to receive the Glock .40 S&W pistol?
A5: New Agent Class 98-1
Internet_service_provider (Engineering and technology)

An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned.

Q1: What does ISP stand for?
A1: Internet service provider
Q2: what does an isp do?
A2: provides services for accessing, using, the Internet
Q3: What forms can an isp be organized in?
A3: commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned
Light-emitting_diode (Engineering and technology)

An LED filament consists of multiple LED dice connected in series on a common longitudinal substrate that form a thin rod reminiscent of a traditional incandescent filament. These are being used as a low cost decorative alternative for traditional light bulbs that are being phased out in many countries. The filaments require a rather high voltage to light to nominal brightness, allowing them to work efficiently and simply with mains voltages. Often a simple rectifier and capacitive current limiting are employed to create a low-cost replacement for a traditional light bulb without the complexity of creating a low voltage, high current converter which is required by single die LEDs. Usually they are packaged in a sealed enclosure with a shape similar to lamps they were designed to replace (e.g. a bulb), and filled with inert nitrogen or carbon dioxide gas to remove heat efficiently.

Q1: What does an LED filament consist of?
A1: multiple LED dice
Q2: How are LED filaments used?
A2: a low cost decorative alternative for traditional light bulbs
Q3: What type of voltage is needed for LED filaments?
A3: high
Q4: What helps LED filaments remain low cost?
A4: a simple rectifier
Q5: Single die LEDs require what?
A5: high current converter
MP3 (Engineering and technology)

An MP3 file is made up of MP3 frames, which consist of a header and a data block. This sequence of frames is called an elementary stream. Due to the "byte reservoir", frames are not independent items and cannot usually be extracted on arbitrary frame boundaries. The MP3 Data blocks contain the (compressed) audio information in terms of frequencies and amplitudes. The diagram shows that the MP3 Header consists of a sync word, which is used to identify the beginning of a valid frame. This is followed by a bit indicating that this is the MPEG standard and two bits that indicate that layer 3 is used; hence MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 or MP3. After this, the values will differ, depending on the MP3 file. ISO/IEC 11172-3 defines the range of values for each section of the header along with the specification of the header. Most MP3 files today contain ID3 metadata, which precedes or follows the MP3 frames, as noted in the diagram.

Q1: A header and data block together make up what?
A1: MP3 frames
Q2: What is a sequence of MP3 frames called?
A2: elementary stream
Q3: What is used to identify the begining of a valid frame of an MP3 header?
A3: dard
Q4: How many bits are needed to indicate that layer 3 is used?
A4: two
Q5: MP3 files today contain what kind of metadeta?
A5: ID3
Uranium (Natural sciences)

An additional 4.6 billion tonnes of uranium are estimated to be in sea water (Japanese scientists in the 1980s showed that extraction of uranium from sea water using ion exchangers was technically feasible). There have been experiments to extract uranium from sea water, but the yield has been low due to the carbonate present in the water. In 2012, ORNL researchers announced the successful development of a new absorbent material dubbed HiCap which performs surface retention of solid or gas molecules, atoms or ions and also effectively removes toxic metals from water, according to results verified by researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

Q1: About how many tonnes of uranium is theorized to be present in the sea?
A1: 4.6 billion
Q2: The presence of what substance in sea water has resulted in low yields when attempting to extract uranium?
A2: carbonate
Q3: What did ORNL call their material that performs surface retention on solid molecules?
A3: HiCap
Q4: Where were ORNL's results verified?
A4: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Q5: When was HiCap announced?
A5: 2012
MP3 (Engineering and technology)

An additional extension to MPEG-2 is named MPEG-2.5 audio, as MPEG-3 already had a different meaning. This extension was developed at Fraunhofer IIS, the registered MP3 patent holders. Like MPEG-2, MPEG-2.5 adds new sampling rates exactly half of that previously possible with MPEG-2. It thus widens the scope of MP3 to include human speech and other applications requiring only 25% of the frequency reproduction possible with MPEG-1. While not an ISO recognized standard, MPEG-2.5 is widely supported by both inexpensive and brand name digital audio players as well as computer software based MP3 encoders and decoders. A sample rate comparison between MPEG-1, 2 and 2.5 is given further down. MPEG-2.5 was not developed by MPEG and was never approved as an international standard. MPEG-2.5 is thus an unofficial or proprietary extension to the MP3 format.

Q1: As MPEG-3 had a different meaning, what was the name given to the extension of MPEG-2?
A1: MPEG-2.5 audio
Q2: Where was this extension developed?
A2: Fraunhofer IIS
Q3: The new sampling rates widened the scope of MP3 to be able to include what?
A3: human speech
Q4: What is not an ISO recognized standard?
A4: MPEG-2.5
Q5: As MPEG-2.5 is unofficial, it is considered what kind of extension to the MP3 format?
A5: proprietary
Adolescence (Natural sciences)

An adolescent's environment plays a huge role in their identity development. While most adolescent studies are conducted on white, middle class children, studies show that the more privileged upbringing people have, the more successfully they develop their identity. The forming of an adolescent's identity is a crucial time in their life. It has been recently found that demographic patterns suggest that the transition to adulthood is now occurring over a longer span of years than was the case during the middle of the 20th century. Accordingly, youth, a period that spans late adolescence and early adulthood, has become a more prominent stage of the life course. This therefore has caused various factors to become important during this development. So many factors contribute to the developing social identity of an adolescent from commitment, to coping devices, to social media. All of these factors are affected by the environment an adolescent grows up in. A child from a more privileged upbringing is exposed to more opportunities and better situations in general. An adolescent from an inner city or a crime-driven neighborhood is more likely to be exposed to an environment that can be detrimental to their development. Adolescence is a sensitive period in the development process, and exposure to the wrong things at that time can have a major effect on future decisions. While children that grow up in nice suburban communities are not exposed to bad environments they are more likely to participate in activities that can benefit their identity and contribute to a more successful identity development.

Q1: Which adolescent ethninticy is most often studied?
A1: white
Q2: What social class of adolescents is most often studied?
A2: middle class
Q3: The period of one's life that spans late adolescence and early adulthood is known as what?
A3: youth
Q4: Is an inner city or crime-driven neighborhood more or less likely to be detrimental to one's development?
A4: more likely
Q5: Why are children from suburban communities more likely to participate in activies that benefit their identity?
A5: exposed to more opportunities and better situations in general
Electric_motor (Engineering and technology)

An advantage of the universal motor is that AC supplies may be used on motors which have some characteristics more common in DC motors, specifically high starting torque and very compact design if high running speeds are used. The negative aspect is the maintenance and short life problems caused by the commutator. Such motors are used in devices such as food mixers and power tools which are used only intermittently, and often have high starting-torque demands. Multiple taps on the field coil provide (imprecise) stepped speed control. Household blenders that advertise many speeds frequently combine a field coil with several taps and a diode that can be inserted in series with the motor (causing the motor to run on half-wave rectified AC). Universal motors also lend themselves to electronic speed control and, as such, are an ideal choice for devices like domestic washing machines. The motor can be used to agitate the drum (both forwards and in reverse) by switching the field winding with respect to the armature.

Q1: What kind of motor can employ both AC and DC?
A1: universal
Q2: What component of a universal motor is most likely to fail?
A2: commutator
Q3: When is torque most important in universal motor applications?
A3: starting
Q4: Switching the field winding in washing machines causes the drum to agitate how?
A4: forwards and in reverse
Q5: How is stepped speed control achieved?
A5: Multiple taps on the field coil provide
Airport (Engineering and technology)

An airbase, sometimes referred to as an air station or airfield, provides basing and support of military aircraft. Some airbases, known as military airports, provide facilities similar to their civilian counterparts. For example, RAF Brize Norton in the UK has a terminal which caters to passengers for the Royal Air Force's scheduled TriStar flights to the Falkland Islands. Some airbases are co-located with civilian airports, sharing the same ATC facilities, runways, taxiways and emergency services, but with separate terminals, parking areas and hangars. Bardufoss Airport , Bardufoss Air Station in Norway and Pune Airport in India are examples of this.

Q1: An airfield is also referred to as what?
A1: airbase
Q2: What provides basing and support of military aircraft?
A2: airbase
Q3: Where is RAF Brize Norton located?
A3: the UK
Q4: Where is Bardufoss Air Station located?
A4: Norway
Q5: Where is Pune Airport located?
A5: India
Aircraft_carrier (Warfare)

An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft. Typically, it is the capital ship of a fleet, as it allows a naval force to project air power worldwide without depending on local bases for staging aircraft operations. Aircraft carriers are expensive to build and are critical assets. Aircraft carriers have evolved from converted cruisers to nuclear-powered warships that carry numerous fighter planes, strike aircraft, helicopters, and other types of aircraft.

Q1: What type of flight decks are aircraft carriers equipped with?
A1: full-length
Q2: What purpose do aircraft carriers serve for aircraft?
A2: carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering
Q3: Typically, what is the capital ship of any fleet?
A3: An aircraft carrier
Q4: What do aircraft carriers allow naval forces to accomplish?
A4: project air power worldwide without depending on local bases
Q5: What have the old converted cruiser aircraft carriers evolved into?
A5: nuclear-powered warships
Airport (Engineering and technology)

An airport is an aerodrome with facilities for flights to take off and land. Airports often have facilities to store and maintain aircraft, and a control tower. An airport consists of a landing area, which comprises an aerially accessible open space including at least one operationally active surface such as a runway for a plane to take off or a helipad, and often includes adjacent utility buildings such as control towers, hangars  and terminals. Larger airports may have fixed base operator services, airport aprons, air traffic control centres, passenger facilities such as restaurants and lounges, and emergency services.

Q1: What is an aerodome with facilities for flights to take off and land?
A1: airport
Q2: What is an aerially accessible open space that includes at least one active surface such as a runway or a helipad?
A2: landing area
Q3: What is an airport?
A3: aerodrome with facilities for flights to take off and land
Chicago_Cubs (Sports and recreation)

An album entitled Take Me Out to a Cubs Game was released in 2008. It is a collection of 17 songs and other recordings related to the team, including Harry Caray's final performance of "Take Me Out to the Ball Game" on September 21, 1997, the Steve Goodman song mentioned above, and a newly recorded rendition of "Talkin' Baseball" (subtitled "Baseball and the Cubs") by Terry Cashman. The album was produced in celebration of the 100th anniversary of the Cubs' 1908 World Series victory and contains sounds and songs of the Cubs and Wrigley Field.

Q1: When was Take Me Out to a Cubs game released? 
A1: 2008
Q2: How many songs are on the Take Me Out to a Cubs Game album?
A2: 17 songs
Q3: When was Harry Caray's final performance of "Take Me Out to the Ball Game"?
A3: September 21, 1997
Alloy (Mathematics)

An alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture.

Q1: What kind of substance is an alloy?
A1: impure
Q2: What happens when an alloy is mixed with a molten base?
A2: they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture
Q3: What is an alloy composed of?
A3: two or more elements
Q4: What other metal is impure like alloy?
A4: wrought iron
Alloy (Mathematics)

An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds).

Q1: What is an alloy?
A1: a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element
Q2: What are alloys defined by?
A2: metallic bonding character
Q3: When are Zintl considered alloys?
A3: depending on bond types
Q4: What is solid solution metal elements classified as?
A4: a single phase