LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Muammar_Gaddafi (History)

Gaddafi organized demonstrations and distributed posters criticizing the monarchy. In October 1961, he led a demonstration protesting Syria's secession from the United Arab Republic. During this they broke windows of a local hotel accused of serving alcohol. Catching the authorities' attention, they expelled his family from Sabha. Gaddafi moved to Misrata, there attending Misrata Secondary School. Maintaining his interest in Arab nationalist activism, he refused to join any of the banned political parties active in the city – including the Arab Nationalist Movement, the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and the Muslim Brotherhood – claiming he rejected factionalism. He read voraciously on the subjects of Nasser and the French Revolution of 1789, as well as the works of Syrian political theorist Michel Aflaq and biographies of Abraham Lincoln, Sun Yat-sen, and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.

Q1: Why did Gaddafi's family have to leave Sabha?
A1: he led a demonstration protesting Syria's secession from the United Arab Republic. During this they broke windows of a local hotel accused of serving alcohol.
Q2: Gaddafi was an avid reader. Name three biographies that he read.
A2: Abraham Lincoln, Sun Yat-sen, and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Q3: What political idealogy did Gaddafi not believe in?
A3: factionalism
Q4: While he was in secondary school, what sort of activism did Gaddafi support?
A4: Arab nationalist activism
Q5: Why did Gaddafi's family leave Sabha?
A5: October 1961, he led a demonstration protesting Syria's secession from the United Arab Republic
Q6: What political ideology did Gaddafi reject when he attended Misrata Secondary School?
A6: factionalism
Q7: List several biographies that influenced Gaddafi.
A7: Abraham Lincoln, Sun Yat-sen, and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Q8: Where sort of activism did Gaddafi promote while attending secondary school?
A8: Arab nationalist activism
Q9: Where did Gaddafi travel to after he was kicked out of Sabha?
A9: Misrata
Q10: Along with the Ba'ath Party and Muslim Brotherhood, what group was notably banned in Misrata?
A10: Arab Nationalist Movement
Q11: In what month and year did Gaddafi protest against Syria leaving the United Arab Republic?
A11: October 1961
Q12: Of what nationality was Michel Aflaq?
A12: Syrian
Q13: Along with Lincoln and Ataturk, whose biography did Gaddafi read while in Misrata?
A13: Abraham Lincoln
Muammar_Gaddafi (History)

Gaddafi remained a controversial and divisive figure on the world stage throughout his life and after death. Supporters praised Gaddafi's administration for the creation of an almost classless society through domestic reform. They stress the regime's achievements in combating homelessness and ensuring access to food and safe drinking water. Highlighting that under Gaddafi, all Libyans enjoyed free education to a university level, they point to the dramatic rise in literacy rates after the 1969 revolution. Supporters have also applauded achievements in medical care, praising the universal free healthcare provided under the Gaddafist administration, with diseases like cholera and typhoid being contained and life expectancy raised. Biographers Blundy and Lycett believed that under the first decade of Gaddafi's leadership, life for most Libyans "undoubtedly changed for the better" as material conditions and wealth drastically improved, while Libyan studies specialist Lillian Craig Harris remarked that in the early years of his administration, Libya's "national wealth and international influence soared, and its national standard of living has risen dramatically." Such high standards declined during the 1980s, as a result of economic stagnation. Gaddafi claimed that his Jamahiriya was a "concrete utopia", and that he had been appointed by "popular assent", with some Islamic supporters believing that he exhibited barakah. His opposition to Western governments earned him the respect of many in the Euro-American far right.

Q1: What diseases were minimized by Gaddafi's health care policies?
A1: cholera and typhoid
Q2: What was the cost of primary and secondary education under Gaddafi?
A2: free
Q3: Why did living standards decline in 1980s Libya?
A3: economic stagnation
Q4: Due to his opposition to West governments, who notably respected Gaddafi?
A4: Euro-American far right
Q5: What is the occupation of Lillian Craig Harris?
A5: Libyan studies specialist
Muammar_Gaddafi (History)

Gaddafi sought to develop closer links in the Maghreb; in January 1974 Libya and Tunisia announced a political union, the Arab Islamic Republic. Although advocated by Gaddafi and Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba, the move was deeply unpopular in Tunisia and soon abandoned. Retaliating, Gaddafi sponsored anti-government militants in Tunisia into the 1980s. Turning his attention to Algeria, in 1975 Libya signed the Hassi Messaoud defence agreement allegedly to counter "Moroccan expansionism", also funding the Polisario Front of Western Sahara in their independence struggle against Morocco. Seeking to diversify Libya's economy, Gaddafi's government began purchasing shares in major European corporations like Fiat as well as buying real estate in Malta and Italy, which would become a valuable source of income during the 1980s oil slump.

Q1: What country formed a political union with Libya in 1974?
A1: Tunisia
Q2: What was the name of the abortive political union between Tunisia and Libya in 1974?
A2: Arab Islamic Republic
Q3: Who was the president of Tunisia in 1974?
A3: Habib Bourguiba
Q4: With what country did Libya conclude the Hassi Messaoud defense agreement?
A4: Algeria
Q5: Against what government was the Hassi Messaoud defense agreement directed against?
A5: Moroccan
Muammar_Gaddafi (History)

Gaddafi summarized Third International Theory in three short volumes published between 1975 and 1979, collectively known as The Green Book. Volume one was devoted to the issue of democracy, outlining the flaws of representative systems in favour of direct, participatory GPCs. The second dealt with Gaddafi's beliefs regarding socialism, while the third explored social issues regarding the family and the tribe. While the first two volumes advocated radical reform, the third adopted a socially conservative stance, proclaiming that while men and women were equal, they were biologically designed for different roles in life. During the years that followed, Gaddafists adopted quotes from The Green Book, such as "Representation is Fraud", as slogans. Meanwhile, in September 1975, Gaddafi implemented further measures to increase popular mobilization, introducing objectives to improve the relationship between the Councils and the ASU.

Q1: Gaddafi's written work on Third International Theory consisted of how many volumes?
A1: three
Q2: When was the last volume of Gaddafi's work on Third International Theory published?
A2: 1979
Q3: What was the title given to Gaddafi's Third International Theory writings?
A3: The Green Book
Q4: What volume of The Green Book discussed democracy?
A4: one
Q5: What political philosophy was discussed in the second volume of The Green Book?
A5: socialism
Muammar_Gaddafi (History)

Gaddafi was a very private individual, who described himself as a "simple revolutionary" and "pious Muslim" called upon by Allah to continue Nasser's work. Reporter Mirella Bianco found that his friends considered him particularly loyal and generous, and asserted that he adored children. She was told by Gaddafi's father that even as a child he had been "always serious, even taciturn", a trait he also exhibited in adulthood. His father said that he was courageous, intelligent, pious, and family oriented.

Q1: Whose efforts did Gaddafi see himself as continuing?
A1: Nasser
Q2: What was Gaddafi's religious affiliation?
A2: Muslim
Q3: Who stated that Gaddafi was fond of children?
A3: Mirella Bianco
Q4: What is Mirella Biano's occupation?
A4: Reporter
Q5: Who remarked on Gaddafi's family orientation?
A5: His father
Muammar_Gaddafi (History)

Gaddafi was later infuriated when Egypt and Syria planned the Yom Kippur War against Israel without consulting him, and was angered when Egypt conceded to peace talks rather than continuing the war. Gaddafi become openly hostile to Egypt's leader, calling for Sadat's overthrow, and when Sudanese President Gaafar Nimeiry took Sadat's side, Gaddafi by 1975 sponsored the Sudan People's Liberation Army to overthrow Nimeiry. Focusing his attention elsewhere in Africa, in late 1972 and early 1973, Libya invaded Chad to annex the uranium-rich Aouzou Strip. Offering financial incentives, he successfully convinced 8 African states to break off diplomatic relations with Israel in 1973. Intent on propagating Islam, in 1973 Gaddafi founded the Islamic Call Society, which had opened 132 centres across Africa within a decade. In 1973 he converted Gabonese President Omar Bongo, an action which he repeated three years later with Jean-Bédel Bokassa, president of the Central African Republic.

Q1: Who was allied with Egypt during the Yom Kippur War?
A1: Syria
Q2: Who was the president of Sudan in 1975?
A2: Gaafar Nimeiry
Q3: What revolutionary group sought to overthrow the president of Sudan?
A3: Sudan People's Liberation Army
Q4: Prior to the Libyan invasion, what country was the Aouzou Strip a part of?
A4: Chad
Q5: What element did the Aouzou Strip possess a great deal of?
A5: uranium
Muammar_Gaddafi (History)

Gaddafi was notably confrontational in his approach to foreign powers, and generally shunned western ambassadors and diplomats, believing them to be spies. He once said that HIV was "a peaceful virus, not an aggressive virus" and assured attendees at the African Union that "if you are straight you have nothing to fear from AIDS". He also said that the H1N1 influenza virus was a biological weapon manufactured by a foreign military, and he assured Africans that the tsetse fly and mosquito were "God's armies which will protect us against colonialists". Should these 'enemies' come to Africa, "they will get malaria and sleeping sickness".

Q1: What sort of virus did Gaddafi describe HIV as?
A1: peaceful
Q2: Who did Gaddafi claim created H1N1?
A2: a foreign military
Q3: According to Gaddafi, what insects made up God's armies?
A3: tsetse fly and mosquito
Q4: What illnesses did Gaddafi claim would afflict invading colonialists?
A4: malaria and sleeping sickness
Muammar_Gaddafi (History)

Gaddafi's earliest education was of a religious nature, imparted by a local Islamic teacher. Subsequently moving to nearby Sirte to attend elementary school, he progressed through six grades in four years. Education in Libya was not free, but his father thought it would greatly benefit his son despite the financial strain. During the week Gaddafi slept in a mosque, and at weekends walked 20 miles to visit his parents. Bullied for being a Bedouin, he was proud of his identity and encouraged pride in other Bedouin children. From Sirte, he and his family moved to the market town of Sabha in Fezzan, south-central Libya, where his father worked as a caretaker for a tribal leader while Muammar attended secondary school, something neither parent had done. Gaddafi was popular at school; some friends made there received significant jobs in his later administration, most notably his best friend Abdul Salam Jalloud.

Q1: Describe Gaddafi's first experience with education.
A1: a religious nature, imparted by a local Islamic teacher
Q2: In addition to gaining an education, describe how Gaddafi managed to attend school 20 miles from his family.
A2: During the week Gaddafi slept in a mosque, and at weekends walked 20 miles to visit his parents
Q3: How did Gaddafi deal with peer pressure regarding his cultural background?
A3: Bullied for being a Bedouin, he was proud of his identity and encouraged pride in other Bedouin children.
Q4: When Gaddafi's family moved to Sabha, describe his educational experiences in secondary school.
A4: Gaddafi was popular at school; some friends made there received significant jobs in his later administration, most notably his best friend Abdul Salam Jalloud.
Q5: Describe Gaddafi's parents' educational backgrounds.
A5: where his father worked as a caretaker for a tribal leader while Muammar attended secondary school, something neither parent had done.
Q6: Why was Gaddafi made fun of in elementary school?
A6: Bullied for being a Bedouin, he was proud of his identity and encouraged pride in other Bedouin children.
Q7: How did Gaddafi manage to attend elementary school so far from home?
A7: During the week Gaddafi slept in a mosque, and at weekends walked 20 miles to visit his parents.
Q8: Were Gaddafi's parents educated?
A8: while Muammar attended secondary school, something neither parent had done.
Q9: How did his early relationships play a role later when Gaddafi  became a ruler?
A9: Gaddafi was popular at school; some friends made there received significant jobs in his later administration, most notably his best friend Abdul Salam Jalloud.
Q10: Was Gaddafi's education free?
A10: Education in Libya was not free, but his father thought it would greatly benefit his son despite the financial strain.
Q11: In what religion was Gaddafi educated?
A11: Islamic
Q12: What town did Gaddafi's family move to after they left Sirte?
A12: Sabha
Q13: What geographical portion of Libya is Fezzan located in?
A13: south-central
Q14: Who was Gaddafi's closest friend in secondary school?
A14: Abdul Salam Jalloud
Q15: In what town did Gaddafi first attend primary school?
A15: Sirte
Muammar_Gaddafi (History)

Gaddafi's ideological worldview was moulded by his environment, namely his Islamic faith, his Bedouin upbringing, and his disgust at the actions of European colonialists in Libya. He was driven by a sense of "divine mission", believing himself a conduit of Allah's will, and thought that he must achieve his goals "no matter what the cost". Raised within the Sunni branch of Islam, Gaddafi called for the implementation of sharia within Libya. He desired unity across the Islamic world, and encouraged the propagation of the faith elsewhere. On a 2010 visit to Italy, he paid a modelling agency to find 200 young Italian women for a lecture he gave urging them to convert. He also funded the construction and renovation of two mosques in Africa, including Uganda's Kampala Mosque. He nevertheless clashed with conservative Libyan clerics as to his interpretation of Islam. Many criticised his attempts to encourage women to enter traditionally male-only sectors of society, such as the armed forces. Gaddafi was keen to improve women's status, though saw the sexes as "separate but equal" and therefore felt women should usually remain in traditional roles.

Q1: What variety of Islam was Gaddafi raised in?
A1: Sunni
Q2: In what country is Kampala Mosque located?
A2: Uganda
Q3: In what ethnic culture was Gaddafi raised?
A3: Bedouin
Q4: In what year did Gaddafi notably visit Italy?
A4: 2010
Comics (Language and literature)

Gag and editorial cartoons usually consist of a single panel, often incorporating a caption or speech balloon. Definitions of comics which emphasize sequence usually exclude gag, editorial, and other single-panel cartoons; they can be included in definitions that emphasize the combination of word and image. Gag cartoons first began to proliferate in broadsheets published in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries, and the term "cartoon"[h] was first used to describe them in 1843 in the British humour magazine Punch.

Q1: Where did gag cartoons first make an appearance?
A1: Europe
Q2: When did gag single-panel illustrations become known as cartoons?
A2: 1843
Q3: In which publication was cartoon first used to describe gag single-panel illustrations?
A3: Punch
Space_Race (History)

Gagarin became a national hero of the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc, and a worldwide celebrity. Moscow and other cities in the USSR held mass demonstrations, the scale of which was second only to the World War II Victory Parade of 1945. April 12 was declared Cosmonautics Day in the USSR, and is celebrated today in Russia as one of the official "Commemorative Dates of Russia." In 2011, it was declared the International Day of Human Space Flight by the United Nations.

Q1: April 12, in the USSR, is what special day?
A1: Cosmonautics Day
Q2: What year was established as the International Day of Human Space Flight by the United Nations?
A2: 2011
Space_Race (History)

Gagarin's flight changed this; now Kennedy sensed the humiliation and fear on the part of the American public over the Soviet lead. He sent a memo dated April 20, 1961, to Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, asking him to look into the state of America's space program, and into programs that could offer NASA the opportunity to catch up. The two major options at the time seemed to be, either establishment of an Earth orbital space station, or a manned landing on the Moon. Johnson in turn consulted with von Braun, who answered Kennedy's questions based on his estimates of US and Soviet rocket lifting capability. Based on this, Johnson responded to Kennedy, concluding that much more was needed to reach a position of leadership, and recommending that the manned Moon landing was far enough in the future that the US had a fighting chance to achieve it first.

Q1: President Kennedy sent a letter on April 20, 1961 to who about the US's space program?
A1: Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson
Antenna_(radio) (Engineering and technology)

Gain is a parameter which measures the degree of directivity of the antenna's radiation pattern. A high-gain antenna will radiate most of its power in a particular direction, while a low-gain antenna will radiate over a wider angle. The antenna gain, or power gain of an antenna is defined as the ratio of the intensity (power per unit surface area)  radiated by the antenna in the direction of its maximum output, at an arbitrary distance, divided by the intensity  radiated at the same distance by a hypothetical isotropic antenna which radiates equal power in all directions. This dimensionless ratio is usually expressed logarithmically in decibels, these units are called "decibels-isotropic" (dBi)

Q1: What is an acknowledgement of the range of possible direction for and antenna?
A1: gain
Q2: What is another way to refer to an antennas gain?
A2: power gain
Q3: What is the meaning of intensity?
A3: power per unit surface area
Q4: What type of an antenna would offer the same level of power to each possible destination?
A4: isotropic
Galicia_(Spain) (Geography and places)

Galicia (English i/ɡəˈlɪsiə/, /ɡəˈlɪʃə/; Galician: [ɡaˈliθja] ( listen), [ħaˈliθja], or [ħaˈlisja]; Spanish: [ɡaˈliθja]; Galician and Portuguese: Galiza, [ɡaˈliθa] ( listen), [ħaˈliθa] or [ħaˈlisa]) is an autonomous community of Spain and historic nationality under Spanish law. Located in the North-West of the Iberian Peninsula, it comprises the provinces of A Coruña, Lugo, Ourense and Pontevedra, being bordered by Portugal to the south, the Spanish autonomous communities of Castile and León and Asturias to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west and the north. It had a population of 2,765,940 in 2013 and has a total area of 29,574 km2 (11,419 sq mi). Galicia has over 1,660 km (1,030 mi) of coastline, including its offshore islands and islets, among them Cíes Islands, Ons, Sálvora, Cortegada, and—the largest and most populated—A Illa de Arousa.

Q1: Which country is Galicia in?
A1: Spain
Q2: Where is its geographic location?
A2: North-West of the Iberian Peninsula
Q3: Which large body of water does Galicia border?
A3: Atlantic Ocean
Q4: What is its largest island?
A4: Arousa
Galicia_(Spain) (Geography and places)

Galicia has a surface area of 29,574 square kilometres (11,419 sq mi). Its northernmost point, at 43°47′N, is Estaca de Bares (also the northernmost point of Spain); its southernmost, at 41°49′N, is on the Portuguese border in the Baixa Limia-Serra do Xurés Natural Park. The easternmost longitude is at 6°42′W on the border between the province of Ourense and the Castilian-Leonese province of Zamora) its westernmost at 9°18′W, reached in two places: the A Nave Cape in Fisterra (also known as Finisterre), and Cape Touriñán, both in the province of A Coruña.

Q1: What is Galicia's surface area in sq/km?
A1: 29,574
Q2: What is its northernmost point?
A2: Estaca de Bares
Q3: And its southernmost?
A3: Baixa Limia-Serra do Xurés
Galicia_(Spain) (Geography and places)

Galicia is further divided into 53 comarcas, 315 municipalities (93 in A Coruña, 67 in Lugo, 92 in Ourense, 62 in Pontevedra) and 3,778 parishes. Municipalities are divided into parishes, which may be further divided into aldeas ("hamlets") or lugares ("places"). This traditional breakdown into such small areas is unusual when compared to the rest of Spain. Roughly half of the named population entities of Spain are in Galicia, which occupies only 5.8 percent of the country's area. It is estimated that Galicia has over a million named places, over 40,000 of them being communities.

Q1: How many comarcas does Galicia consist of?
A1: 53
Q2: How many municipalities?
A2: 315
Q3: How many parishes?
A3: 3,778
Q4: How many of its numerous named locations are communities?
A4: 40,000
Galicia_(Spain) (Geography and places)

Galicia is poetically known as the "country of the thousand rivers" ("o país dos mil ríos"). The largest and most important of these rivers is the Minho, known as O Pai Miño (Father Minho), 307.5 km (191.1 mi) long and discharging 419 m3 (548 cu yd) per second, with its affluent the Sil, which has created a spectacular canyon. Most of the rivers in the inland are tributaries of this fluvial system, which drains some 17,027 km2 (6,574 sq mi). Other rivers run directly into the Atlantic Ocean as Lérez or the Cantabrian Sea, most of them having short courses. Only the Navia, Ulla, Tambre, and Limia have courses longer than 100 km (62 mi).

Q1: What is Galicia is poetically known as?
A1: country of the thousand rivers
Q2: What is its longest river?
A2: Minho
Galicia_(Spain) (Geography and places)

Galicia is quite mountainous, a fact which has contributed to isolate the rural areas, hampering communications, most notably in the inland. The main mountain range is the Macizo Galaico (Serra do Eixe, Serra da Lastra, Serra do Courel), also known as Macizo Galaico-Leonés, located in the eastern parts, bordering with Castile and León. Noteworthy mountain ranges are O Xistral (northern Lugo), the Serra dos Ancares (on the border with León and Asturias), O Courel (on the border with León), O Eixe (the border between Ourense and Zamora), Serra de Queixa (in the center of Ourense province), O Faro (the border between Lugo and Pontevedra), Cova da Serpe (border of Lugo and A Coruña), Montemaior (A Coruña), Montes do Testeiro, Serra do Suído, and Faro de Avión (between Pontevedra and Ourense); and, to the south, A Peneda, O Xurés and O Larouco, all on the border of Ourense and Portugal.

Q1: What is Galicia's main mountain range?
A1: Macizo Galaico
Q2: Its southern mountain ranges are on the border with which country?
A2: Portugal
Galicia_(Spain) (Geography and places)

Galicia was late to catch the tourism boom that has swept Spain in recent decades, but the coastal regions (especially the Rías Baixas and Santiago de Compostela) are now significant tourist destinations and are especially popular with visitors from other regions in Spain, where the majority of tourists come from. In 2007, 5.7 million tourists visited Galicia, an 8% growth over the previous year, and part of a continual pattern of growth in this sector. 85% of tourists who visit Galicia visit Santiago de Compostela. Tourism constitutes 12% of Galician GDP and employs about 12% of the regional workforce.

Q1: Which two coastal regions are now major tourist destinations?
A1: Rías Baixas and Santiago de Compostela
Q2: How many tourists visited Galicia in 2007?
A2: 5.7 million
Q3: What percentage of its GDP is tourism responsible for?
A3: 12%