LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Tibet (Geography and places)

Although spoken Tibetan varies according to the region, the written language, based on Classical Tibetan, is consistent throughout. This is probably due to the long-standing influence of the Tibetan empire, whose rule embraced (and extended at times far beyond) the present Tibetan linguistic area, which runs from northern Pakistan in the west to Yunnan and Sichuan in the east, and from north of Qinghai Lake south as far as Bhutan. The Tibetan language has its own script which it shares with Ladakhi and Dzongkha, and which is derived from the ancient Indian Brāhmī script.

Q1: What is written Tibetan base on?
A1: Classical Tibetan
Q2: What influenced the consistency of the written Tibetan language?
A2: Tibetan empire
Q3: From what was the Tibetan language's script derived?
A3: ancient Indian Brāhmī script
Oklahoma_City (Geography and places)

Although technically not a university, the FAA's Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center has many aspects of an institution of higher learning. Its FAA Academy is accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools. Its Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI) has a medical education division responsible for aeromedical education in general as well as the education of aviation medical examiners in the U.S. and 93 other countries. In addition, The National Academy of Science offers Research Associateship Programs for fellowship and other grants for CAMI research.

Q1: What institution is accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools?
A1: Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center
Software_testing (Engineering and technology)

Although testing can determine the correctness of software under the assumption of some specific hypotheses (see hierarchy of testing difficulty below), testing cannot identify all the defects within software. Instead, it furnishes a criticism or comparison that compares the state and behavior of the product against oracles—principles or mechanisms by which someone might recognize a problem. These oracles may include (but are not limited to) specifications, contracts, comparable products, past versions of the same product, inferences about intended or expected purpose, user or customer expectations, relevant standards, applicable laws, or other criteria.

Q1: What can testing not completely find?
A1: all the defects
Q2: While looking for bugs, what else can testing do?
A2: furnishes a criticism or comparison
Q3: What does the software compare during testing against?
A3: oracles—principles or mechanisms
Q4: What make up the oracle during testing?
A4: specifications, contracts, comparable products, past versions
East_Prussia (History)

Although the 1945–1949 expulsion of Germans from the northern part of former East Prussia was often conducted in a violent and aggressive way by Soviet officials, the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast have much less animosity towards Germans. German names have been revived in commercial Russian trade and there is sometimes talk of reverting Kaliningrad's name to its historic name of Königsberg. The city centre of Kaliningrad was completely rebuilt, as British bombs in 1944 and the Soviet siege in 1945 had left it in nothing but ruins.

Q1: What has since been considered in Kalinigrad?
A1: reverting Kaliningrad's name to its historic name of Königsberg
Q2: What city was completely rebuilt after the Russians and Germans had bombed it?
A2: Kaliningrad
Q3: How was the removal of the Germans in East Prussia usually handled by the Russians?
A3: violent and aggressive
Protestantism (Philosophy and religion)

Although the Adventist churches hold much in common, their theologies differ on whether the intermediate state is unconscious sleep or consciousness, whether the ultimate punishment of the wicked is annihilation or eternal torment, the nature of immortality, whether or not the wicked are resurrected after the millennium, and whether the sanctuary of Daniel 8 refers to the one in heaven or one on earth. The movement has encouraged the examination of the whole Bible, leading Seventh-day Adventists and some smaller Adventist groups to observe the Sabbath. The General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists has compiled that church's core beliefs in the 28 Fundamental Beliefs (1980 and 2005), which use Biblical references as justification.

Q1: The Adventist movement has encouraged examining what in full?
A1: the whole Bible
Q2: What Adventist groups observe the Sabbath?
A2: Seventh-day Adventists and some smaller Adventist groups
Q3: What is the name of the Seventh-day Adventist's core beliefs?
A3: the 28 Fundamental Beliefs
Q4: What is used for justification of the 28 Fundamental Beliefs?
A4: Biblical references
Q5: What belief about ultimate punishment do Adventists disagree on?
A5: annihilation or eternal torment
Arena_Football_League (Sports and recreation)

Although the Arenafootball2 league played its tenth season in 2009, a conference call in December 2008 resulted in enough votes from owners and cooperation from the AFLPA for the AFL to suspend the entire 2009 season in order to create "a long-term plan to improve its economic model". In doing so, the AFL became the second sports league to cancel an entire season, after the National Hockey League cancelled the 2004-05 season because of a lockout. The AFL also became the third sports league to lose its postseason (the first being Major League Baseball, which lost its postseason in 1994 because of a strike). Efforts to reformat the league's business model were placed under the leadership of Columbus Destroyers owner Jim Renacci and interim commissioner Policy.

Q1: What numbered season did Arenafootball2 in 2009?
A1: tenth
Q2: In what month and year was it decided to suspend the 2009 Arena Football League season?
A2: December 2008
Q3: What National Hockey League season was cancelled?
A3: 2004-05
Q4: What led the National Hockey League to cancel the 2004-2005 season?
A4: a lockout
Q5: Who owned the Columbus Destroyers in 2008?
A5: Jim Renacci
Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) (Philosophy and religion)

Although the Catholics and the Orthodox may honor and venerate Mary, they do not view her as divine, nor do they worship her. Roman Catholics view Mary as subordinate to Christ, but uniquely so, in that she is seen as above all other creatures. Similarly Theologian Sergei Bulgakov wrote that the Orthodox view Mary as "superior to all created beings" and "ceaselessly pray for her intercession". However, she is not considered a "substitute for the One Mediator" who is Christ. "Let Mary be in honor, but let worship be given to the Lord", he wrote. Similarly, Catholics do not worship Mary as a divine being, but rather "hyper-venerate" her. In Roman Catholic theology, the term hyperdulia is reserved for Marian veneration, latria for the worship of God, and dulia for the veneration of other saints and angels. The definition of the three level hierarchy of latria, hyperdulia and dulia goes back to the Second Council of Nicaea in 787.

Q1: What is the term used for veneration of Mary in Roman Catholic theology?
A1: hyperdulia
Q2: In what year was the hierarchy of latria, hyperdulia and dulia established?
A2: 787
Q3: Who is venerated in the Roman Catholic practice of dulia?
A3: other saints and angels
Q4: Which theologian wrote that Mary is considered to be "superior to all created beings," but is not to be the object of worhip?
A4: Sergei Bulgakov
Q5: What is the Roman Catholic term used to denote the worship of God?
A5: latria
2008_Sichuan_earthquake (Natural sciences)

Although the Chinese government was initially praised for its response to the quake (especially in comparison to Myanmar's ruling military junta's blockade of aid during Cyclone Nargis), it then saw an erosion in confidence over the school construction scandal.

Q1: What government blocked aid after Cyclone Nargis?
A1: Myanmar
Q2: Over what scandal did the Chinese government lose in public opinion?
A2: school construction scandal
Q3: What was the Chinese government first praised for?
A3: response to the quake
Arena_Football_League (Sports and recreation)

Although the Drive moved to Massachusetts for the 1994 season, the AFL had a number of other teams which it considered "dynasties", including the Tampa Bay Storm (the only team that has existed in some form for all twenty-eight contested seasons), their arch-rival the Orlando Predators, the now-defunct San Jose SaberCats of the present decade, and their rivals the Arizona Rattlers.

Q1: Where did the Drive franchise relocate to?
A1: Massachusetts
Q2: Before what season did the Drive move to a different state?
A2: 1994
Q3: What is the name of the AFL team based in Tampa Bay?
A3: Storm
Q4: What team is cited as a rival of the Tampa Bay franchise?
A4: Orlando Predators
Q5: What team was the rival of the Arizona Rattlers?
A5: San Jose SaberCats
European_Central_Bank (Geography and places)

Although the ECB is governed by European law directly and thus not by corporate law applying to private law companies, its set-up resembles that of a corporation in the sense that the ECB has shareholders and stock capital. Its capital is five billion euros which is held by the national central banks of the member states as shareholders. The initial capital allocation key was determined in 1998 on the basis of the states' population and GDP, but the key is adjustable. Shares in the ECB are not transferable and cannot be used as collateral.

Q1: What governs the ECB?
A1: European law
Q2: How does the ECB mimic a corporation?
A2: shareholders and stock capital
Q3: How much does the ECB have as capital?
A3: five billion euros
Q4: Who holds the ECB's capital?
A4: the national central banks of the member states as shareholders
Q5: What determined the ECB's initial capital?
A5: the basis of the states' population and GDP
Estonian_language (Language and literature)

Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon (Middle Low German) during the period of German rule, and High German (including standard German). The percentage of Low Saxon and High German loanwords can be estimated at 22–25 percent, with Low Saxon making up about 15 percent.[citation needed]

Q1: Close to 33 percent of Estonian's vocabulary belong to what group of languages?
A1: Germanic languages
Q2: What is the main Germanic language from which Estonia gets the Germanic portion of its vocabulary?
A2: Low Saxon
Q3: When did Low Saxon make its appearance as part of the Estonian language?
A3: during the period of German rule
Q4: From what other Germanic language does Estonian derive its vocabulary?
A4: High German
Q5: Standard German is part of what Germanic language?
A5: High German
Estonia (Geography and places)

Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and German, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon (Middle Low German) during the period of German rule, and High German (including standard German). The percentage of Low Saxon and High German loanwords can be estimated at 22–25 percent, with Low Saxon making up about 15 percent.

Q1: What language does Estonian share similar words with?
A1: Germanic
Q2: What proportion of vocabulary did Estonia borrow from Germany?
A2: nearly one third
Q3: What standard language did Estonia adopt during German rule?
A3: High German
Q4: What percentage of the Estonia language includes Low Saxon words?
A4: about 15 percent
Estonian_language (Language and literature)

Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example preservation of the morpheme in declension of the word (writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced) and in the use of 'i' and 'j'.[clarification needed] Where it is very impractical or impossible to type š and ž, they are substituted with sh and zh in some written texts, although this is considered incorrect. Otherwise, the h in sh represents a voiceless glottal fricative, as in Pasha (pas-ha); this also applies to some foreign names.

Q1: What principles usually govern the Estonian orthography?
A1: phonemic principles
Q2: To how many phoneme's does each grapheme correspond?
A2: one
Q3: What type of deviations are there from the single phoneme to each grapheme general principle?
A3: some historical and morphological deviations
Q4: On what occasions are š and ž replaced with sh and zh?
A4: Where it is very impractical or impossible to type š and ž
Q5: What is an example of a word containing a voiceless glottal fricative?
A5: Pasha (pas-ha)
Political_party (Social sciences and society)

Although the Founding Fathers of the United States did not originally intend for American politics to be partisan, early political controversies in the 1790s over the extent of federal government powers saw the emergence of two proto-political parties- the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party, which were championed by Framers Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, respectively. However, a consensus reached on these issues ended party politics in 1816 for a decade, a period commonly known as the Era of Good Feelings.

Q1: What were the two proto-political parties?
A1: the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party
Q2: In which year did the period known as the "Era of Good Feelings" begin?
A2: 1816
Q3: What did the founding fathers not intend American politics to become?
A3: partisan
Q4: Who were the leaders of the Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties?
A4: Framers Alexander Hamilton and James Madison
Jews (History)

Although the Israelites were divided into Twelve Tribes, the Jews (being one offshoot of the Israelites, another being the Samaritans) are traditionally said to descend mostly from the Israelite tribes of Judah (from where the Jews derive their ethnonym) and Benjamin, and partially from the tribe of Levi, who had together formed the ancient Kingdom of Judah, and the remnants of the northern Kingdom of Israel who migrated to the Kingdom of Judah and assimilated after the 720s BCE, when the Kingdom of Israel was conquered by the Neo-Assyrian Empire.

Q1: What group was divided into Twelve Tribes?
A1: Israelites
Q2: When was the Kingdom of Israel conquered by the Neo-Assyrian Empire?
A2: after the 720s BCE
Q3: From where do the Jews derive their ethonynm?
A3: Israelite tribes of Judah
Ashkenazi_Jews (History)

Although the Jewish people in general were present across a wide geographical area as described, genetic research done by Gil Atzmon of the Longevity Genes Project at Albert Einstein College of Medicine suggests "that Ashkenazim branched off from other Jews around the time of the destruction of the First Temple, 2,500 years ago ... flourished during the Roman Empire but then went through a 'severe bottleneck' as they dispersed, reducing a population of several million to just 400 families who left Northern Italy around the year 1000 for Central and eventually Eastern Europe."

Q1: Researcher Gil Atzmon suggests that Ashkenazim branched off from other Jews around the time of what?
A1: the destruction of the First Temple
Q2: The destruction of the First Temple was how many years ago?
A2: 2,500 years ago
Q3: It is estimated that 400 families left Northern Italy around what year?
A3: 1000
Q4: Ashkenazi families that left Northern Italy went where?
A4: Central and eventually Eastern Europe
LaserDisc (Engineering and technology)

Although the LaserDisc format was supplanted by DVD by the late 1990s, many LD titles are still highly coveted by movie enthusiasts (for example, Disney's Song of the South which is unavailable in the US in any format, but was issued in Japan on LD). This is largely because there are many films that are still only available on LD and many other LD releases contain supplemental material not available on subsequent DVD versions of those films. Until the end of 2001, many titles were released on VHS, LD, and DVD in Japan.

Q1: By what year had DVD taken over the LaserDisc market?
A1: late 1990s
Q2: Which collector group highly values LaserDisc for their rareness?
A2: movie enthusiasts
Q3: Until the end of what year were movies released in VHS, LD, and DVD in Japan?
A3: 2001
Q4: What country was the only to receive a LD release of Disney's Song of the South?
A4: Japan
Macintosh (Engineering and technology)

Although the PC market declined, Apple still managed to ship 2.8 million MacBooks in Q2 2012 (the majority of which are the MacBook Air) compared to 500,000 total Ultrabooks, although there were dozens of Ultrabooks from various manufacturers on the market while Apple only offered 11-inch and 13-inch models of the MacBook Air. The Air has been the best-selling ultra-portable in certain countries over Windows Ultrabooks, particularly the United States. While several Ultrabooks were able to claim individual distinctions such as being the lightest or thinnest, the Air was regarded by reviewers as the best all-around subnotebook/ultraportable in regard to "OS X experience, full keyboard, superior trackpad, Thunderbolt connector and the higher-quality, all-aluminum unibody construction". The Air was among the first to receive Intel's latest CPUs before other PC manufacturers, and OS X has gained market share on Windows in recent years. Through July 1, 2013, the MacBook Air took in 56 percent of all Ultrabook sales in the United States, although being one of the higher-priced competitors, though several Ultrabooks with better features were often more expensive than the MacBook Air. The competitive pricing of MacBooks was particularly effective when rivals charged more for seemingly equivalent Ultrabooks, as this contradicted the established "elitist aura" perception that Apple products cost more but were higher quality, which made these most expensive Ultrabooks seem exorbitant no matter how valid their higher prices were.

Q1: What has been the best-selling ultra-portable over Windows Ultrabooks in the U.S.?
A1: MacBook Air
Q2: What earned the title as best all-around subnotebook/ultraportable?
A2: MacBook Air
Q3: What did the Air receive before other PC manufacturers?
A3: Intel's latest CPUs
Q4: Through 7/1/13, what percentage of all Ultrabook sales in the U.S. were MacBook Airs?
A4: 56
Q5: When was the competetive pricing of MacBooks especially effective?
A5: when rivals charged more for seemingly equivalent Ultrabooks
Middle_Ages (History)

Although the Palaeologi emperors recaptured Constantinople from the Western Europeans in 1261, they were never able to regain control of much of the former imperial lands. They usually controlled only a small section of the Balkan Peninsula near Constantinople, the city itself, and some coastal lands on the Black Sea and around the Aegean Sea. The former Byzantine lands in the Balkans were divided between the new Kingdom of Serbia, the Second Bulgarian Empire and the city-state of Venice. The power of the Byzantine emperors was threatened by a new Turkish tribe, the Ottomans, who established themselves in Anatolia in the 13th century and steadily expanded throughout the 14th century. The Ottomans expanded into Europe, reducing Bulgaria to a vassal state by 1366 and taking over Serbia after its defeat at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389. Western Europeans rallied to the plight of the Christians in the Balkans and declared a new crusade in 1396; a great army was sent to the Balkans, where it was defeated at the Battle of Nicopolis. Constantinople was finally captured by the Ottomans in 1453.

Q1: Emperors from what dynasty recaptured Constantinople in 1261?
A1: Palaeologi
Q2: Along with the Second Bulgarian Empire and the Kingdom of Serbia, what polity controlled the former Byzantine Balkan lands?
A2: Venice
Q3: What tribe of Turks emerged in 13th century Anatolia?
A3: Ottomans
Q4: In what year did Bulgaria become a vassal of the Ottomans?
A4: 1366
Q5: Who was defeated at the Battle of Kosovo?
A5: Serbia
Protestantism (Philosophy and religion)

Although the Reformation was a religious movement, it also had a strong impact on all other aspects of life: marriage and family, education, the humanities and sciences, the political and social order, the economy, and the arts. Protestant churches reject the idea of a celibate priesthood and thus allow their clergy to marry. Many of their families contributed to the development of intellectual elites in their countries. Since about 1950, women have entered the ministry, and some have assumed leading positions (e.g. bishops), in most Protestant churches.

Q1: What religious movement affected education, politics, the economy, and marriage?
A1: the Reformation
Q2: What churches let their clergy marry?
A2: Protestant
Q3: When did women join the Protestant ministry?
A3: 1950
Q4: What types of churches have women had leading positions?
A4: Protestant
Q5: What priesthood rules do Protestant churches reject?
A5: celibate
Armenia (History)

Although the Russian Caucasus Army of Imperial forces commanded by Nikolai Yudenich and Armenians in volunteer units and Armenian militia led by Andranik Ozanian and Tovmas Nazarbekian succeeded in gaining most of Ottoman Armenia during World War I, their gains were lost with the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.[citation needed] At the time, Russian-controlled Eastern Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan attempted to bond together in the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic. This federation, however, lasted from only February to May 1918, when all three parties decided to dissolve it. As a result, the Dashnaktsutyun government of Eastern Armenia declared its independence on 28 May as the First Republic of Armenia under the leadership of Aram Manukian.

Q1: Who was in charge of the Russian Caucasus Army of Imperial forces?
A1: Nikolai Yudenich
Q2: Who was the leader of the Armenian militia?
A2: Andranik Ozanian
Q3: When was the Bolshevik Revolution? 
A3: 1917
Q4: Who formed the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic?
A4: Eastern Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan
Q5: When did the Dashnaktsutyun declare independence?
A5: May 1918
Marshall_Islands (Geography and places)

Although the Spanish Empire had a residual claim on the Marshalls in 1874, when she began asserting her sovereignty over the Carolines, she made no effort to prevent the German Empire from gaining a foothold there. Britain also raised no objection to a German protectorate over the Marshalls in exchange for German recognition of Britain's rights in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands. On October 13, 1885, SMS Nautilus under Captain Rötger brought German emissaries to Jaluit. They signed a treaty with Kabua, whom the Germans had earlier recognized as "King of the Ralik Islands," on October 15.

Q1: What nation had a claim on the Marshall Islands as of 1874?
A1: the Spanish Empire
Q2: What nation formed a protectorate over the Marshall Islands?
A2: the German Empire
Q3: What nation asserted their rights over the Gilbert and Ellice islands?
A3: Britain
Q4: On what ship did German ambassadors arrive in the Marshall Islands?
A4: SMS Nautilus
Q5: What title did the Germans give to Kabua?
A5: King of the Ralik Islands