LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Empiricism (Philosophy and religion)

Around the beginning of the 20th century, William James (1842–1910) coined the term "radical empiricism" to describe an offshoot of his form of pragmatism, which he argued could be dealt with separately from his pragmatism – though in fact the two concepts are intertwined in James's published lectures. James maintained that the empirically observed "directly apprehended universe needs ... no extraneous trans-empirical connective support", by which he meant to rule out the perception that there can be any value added by seeking supernatural explanations for natural phenomena. James's "radical empiricism" is thus not radical in the context of the term "empiricism", but is instead fairly consistent with the modern use of the term "empirical". (His method of argument in arriving at this view, however, still readily encounters debate within philosophy even today.)

Q1: Who came up with 'radical empiricism'?
A1: William James
Q2: Where were James's pragmatism and radical empiricism intertwined?
A2: in James's published lectures
Q3: When was William James born?
A3: 1842
Q4: When did William James die?
A4: 1910
Q5: When did James come up with 'radical empiricism'?
A5: Around the beginning of the 20th century
Architecture (Art and architecture)

Around the beginning of the 20th century, a general dissatisfaction with the emphasis on revivalist architecture and elaborate decoration gave rise to many new lines of thought that served as precursors to Modern Architecture. Notable among these is the Deutscher Werkbund, formed in 1907 to produce better quality machine made objects. The rise of the profession of industrial design is usually placed here. Following this lead, the Bauhaus school, founded in Weimar, Germany in 1919, redefined the architectural bounds prior set throughout history, viewing the creation of a building as the ultimate synthesis—the apex—of art, craft, and technology.

Q1: At what century's start did revivalist fall into disfavor? 
A1: 20th
Q2: What new type of architecture was starting to come into being at this time?
A2: Modern Architecture
Q3: When did the Deutscher Werkbund get its start?
A3: 1907
Q4: What was the point of the Deutscher Werkbund?
A4: to produce better quality machine made objects
Q5: In 1919 what school opened in Weimar, Germany?
A5: the Bauhaus school
Modern_history (Philosophy and religion)

Around the end of the 19th century and into the 20th century, the Meiji era was marked by the reign of the Meiji Emperor. During this time, Japan started its modernization and rose to world power status. This era name means "Enlightened Rule". In Japan, the Meiji Restoration started in the 1860s, marking the rapid modernization by the Japanese themselves along European lines. Much research has focused on the issues of discontinuity versus continuity with the previous Tokugawa Period. In the 1960s younger Japanese scholars led by Irokawa Daikichi, reacted against the bureaucratic superstate, and began searching for the historic role of the common people . They avoided the elite, and focused not on political events but on social forces and attitudes. They rejected both Marxism and modernization theory as alien and confining. They stressed the importance of popular energies in the development of modern Japan. They enlarged history by using the methods of social history. It was not until the beginning of the Meiji Era that the Japanese government began taking modernization seriously. Japan expanded its military production base by opening arsenals in various locations. The hyobusho (war office) was replaced with a War Department and a Naval Department. The samurai class suffered great disappointment the following years.

Q1: What was the Meija era marked by?
A1: the reign of the Meiji Emperor
Q2: How did Japan rise to be a world power during the Meja era?
A2: modernization
Q3: What does "Meija era"
A3: Enlightened Rule
Q4: When did the Meija restoration begin?
A4: 1860s
Q5: What did Irokawa Daikichi act out against?
A5: bureaucratic superstate
Myanmar (Geography and places)

Around the second century BC the first-known city-states emerged in central Myanmar. The city-states were founded as part of the southward migration by the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states, the earliest inhabitants of Myanmar of whom records are extant, from present-day Yunnan. The Pyu culture was heavily influenced by trade with India, importing Buddhism as well as other cultural, architectural and political concepts which would have an enduring influence on later Burmese culture and political organisation.

Q1: What period was the first known city states established in Myanmar?
A1: Around the second century BC
Q2: From what people have were the first records known to be existent derived from? 
A2: from present-day Yunnan
Q3: Were any of the early civilizations influenced by each other and if so by what how did it occur?
A3: The Pyu culture was heavily influenced by trade with India
Q4: What Myanmar import from other countries that has been of major importance?
A4: Buddhism as well as other cultural, architectural and political concepts
Czech_language (Language and literature)

Around the sixth century AD, a tribe of Slavs arrived in a portion of Central Europe. According to legend they were led by a hero named Čech, from whom the word "Czech" derives. The ninth century brought the state of Great Moravia, whose first ruler (Rastislav of Moravia) invited Byzantine ruler Michael III to send missionaries in an attempt to reduce the influence of East Francia on religious and political life in his country. These missionaries, Constantine and Methodius, helped to convert the Czechs from traditional Slavic paganism to Christianity and established a church system. They also brought the Glagolitic alphabet to the West Slavs, whose language was previously unwritten. This language, later known as Proto-Czech, was beginning to separate from its fellow West Slavic hatchlings Proto-Slovak, Proto-Polish and Proto-Sorbian. Among other features, Proto-Czech was marked by its ephemeral use of the voiced velar fricative consonant (/ɣ/) and consistent stress on the first syllable.

Q1: When did a tribe of Slavs arrive in Central Europe?
A1: sixth century AD
Q2: Who was the hero who led the Slavs to their new home, according to legend?
A2: Čech
Q3: What did the ninth century bring?
A3: state of Great Moravia
Q4: Whose influence was Rastislav eager to reduce, when he invited  Michael III to send missionaries? 
A4: East Francia
Q5: What alphabet did the missionaries bring to the West Slavs?
A5: Glagolitic
Santa_Monica,_California (Geography and places)

Around the start of the 20th century, a growing population of Asian Americans lived in or near Santa Monica and Venice. A Japanese fishing village was located near the Long Wharf while small numbers of Chinese lived or worked in both Santa Monica and Venice. The two ethnic minorities were often viewed differently by White Americans who were often well-disposed towards the Japanese but condescending towards the Chinese. The Japanese village fishermen were an integral economic part of the Santa Monica Bay community.

Q1: What ethic group grew in the 20th century?
A1: Asian
Q2: What type of Village was located on the Long Wharf?
A2: Japanese fishing
Q3: What other ethic minority did white american's treat poorly?
A3: Chinese
Q4: How many ethnic minorities were looked at differently in Santa Monica?
A4: two
Q5: What role did the fishing village play in Santa Monica?
A5: economic part
Beer (Agriculture, food, and drink)

Around the world, there are many traditional and ancient starch-based drinks classed as beer. In Africa, there are various ethnic beers made from sorghum or millet, such as Oshikundu in Namibia and Tella in Ethiopia. Kyrgyzstan also has a beer made from millet; it is a low alcohol, somewhat porridge-like drink called "Bozo". Bhutan, Nepal, Tibet and Sikkim also use millet in Chhaang, a popular semi-fermented rice/millet drink in the eastern Himalayas. Further east in China are found Huangjiu and Choujiu—traditional rice-based beverages related to beer.

Q1: What type of starch is used to make the beer Oshikundu?
A1: sorghum or millet
Q2: In what country is the beer Oshikundu produced?
A2: Namibia
Q3: In what country is the beer Tella produced? 
A3: Ethiopia
Q4: What is the name of the millet based porridge like beer made in Kyrgystan?
A4: Bozo
Q5: What is a beer-like beverage in China that is made with rice?
A5: Choujiu
FC_Barcelona (Sports and recreation)

Around this time, tensions began to arise between what was perceived as president Núñez's dictatorial rule and the nationalistic support group, Boixos Nois. The group, identified with a left-wing separatism, repeatedly demanded the resignation of Núñez and openly defied him through chants and banners at matches. At the same time, Barcelona experienced an eruption in skinheads, who often identified with a right-wing separatism. The skinheads slowly transferred the Boixos Nois' ideology from liberalism to fascism, which caused division within the group and a sudden support for Núñez's presidency. Inspired by British hooligans, the remaining Boixos Nois became violent, causing havoc leading to large-scale arrests.

Q1: What political group wanted Nunez to resign the presidency?
A1: Boixos Nois
Q2:  To what did Boixos Nois idetify themselves as belonging?
A2: left-wing separatism
Q3: What right-wing separatists tried to spread fascism to the Boixos Nois?
A3: skinheads
Q4: What did the resulting split in the Boixos Nois group cause many to support?
A4: Núñez's presidency
Q5: What did the resulting violence perpetrated by the extremists produce?
A5: large-scale arrests
Arsenal_F.C. (Sports and recreation)

Arsenal Football Club was formed as Dial Square in 1886 by workers at the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich, south-east London, and were renamed Royal Arsenal shortly afterwards. The club was renamed again to Woolwich Arsenal after becoming a limited company in 1893. The club became the first southern member of the Football League in 1893, starting out in the Second Division, and won promotion to the First Division in 1904. The club's relative geographic isolation resulted in lower attendances than those of other clubs, which led to the club becoming mired in financial problems and effectively bankrupt by 1910, when they were taken over by businessmen Henry Norris and William Hall. Norris sought to move the club elsewhere, and in 1913, soon after relegation back to the Second Division, Arsenal moved to the new Arsenal Stadium in Highbury, north London; they dropped "Woolwich" from their name the following year. Arsenal only finished in fifth place in the second division during the last pre-war competitive season of 1914–15, but were nevertheless elected to rejoin the First Division when competitive football resumed in 1919–20, at the expense of local rivals Tottenham Hotspur. Some books have reported that this election to division 1 was achieved by dubious means.

Q1: What group from the munitions plant in Woolwich formed the Arsenal club?
A1: workers
Q2: By what year had Arsenal become a limited company?
A2: 1893
Q3: When did Arsenal move to Arsenal Stadium in Highbury?
A3: 1913
Q4: In which division was Arsenal ranked by the start of WWI?
A4: second division
Q5: By 1920 where was Arsenal ranked in division?
A5: First Division
Arsenal_F.C. (Sports and recreation)

Arsenal Ladies are the women's football club affiliated to Arsenal. Founded in 1987, they turned semi-professional in 2002 and are managed by Clare Wheatley. Arsenal Ladies are the most successful team in English women's football. In the 2008–09 season, they won all three major English trophies – the FA Women's Premier League, FA Women's Cup and FA Women's Premier League Cup, and, as of 2009, were the only English side to have won the UEFA Women's Cup, having done so in the 2006–07 season as part of a unique quadruple. The men's and women's clubs are formally separate entities but have quite close ties; Arsenal Ladies are entitled to play once a season at the Emirates Stadium, though they usually play their home matches at Boreham Wood.

Q1: What is the name of the football club affiliated with Arsenal?
A1: Arsenal Ladies
Q2: When did the Arsenal Ladies team become semi-professional?
A2: 2002
Q3: How does Arsenal Ladies rank as compared with other English women's football teams?
A3: most successful
Q4: By 2009 what competition has Arsenal Ladies been the only ladies team to have won?
A4: UEFA Women's Cup
Q5: At what stadium do Arsenal Ladies usually play?
A5: Boreham Wood.
Arsenal_F.C. (Sports and recreation)

Arsenal appointed Herbert Chapman as manager in 1925. Having already won the league twice with Huddersfield Town in 1923–24 and 1924–25 (see Seasons in English football), Chapman brought Arsenal their first period of major success. His revolutionary tactics and training, along with the signings of star players such as Alex James and Cliff Bastin, laid the foundations of the club's domination of English football in the 1930s. Under his guidance Arsenal won their first major trophies – victory in the 1930 FA Cup Final preceded two League Championships, in 1930–31 and 1932–33. In addition, Chapman was behind the 1932 renaming of the local London Underground station from "Gillespie Road" to "Arsenal", making it the only Tube station to be named specifically after a football club.

Q1: What manager was appointed to lead Arsenal in 1925?
A1: Herbert Chapman
Q2: What was Chapman's style of tactics that provided the basis for the Arsenal club's success?
A2: revolutionary
Q3: In what decade did Arsenal dominate in English football?
A3: 1930s
Q4: What football club manager got an underground station renamed for Arsenal?
A4: Chapman
Q5: What was one of Arsenal's first major wins?
A5: 1930 FA Cup Final
Arsenal_F.C. (Sports and recreation)

Arsenal began winning silverware again with the surprise appointment of club physiotherapist Bertie Mee as manager in 1966. After losing two League Cup finals, they won their first European trophy, the 1969–70 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. This was followed by an even greater triumph: their first League and FA Cup double in 1970–71. This marked a premature high point of the decade; the Double-winning side was soon broken up and the following decade was characterised by a series of near misses, starting with Arsenal finishing as FA Cup runners up in 1972, and First Division runners-up in 1972–73.

Q1: When was Bertie Mee become manager of Arsenal?
A1: 1966
Q2: What position did Mee hold in the Arsenal club prior to becoming manager?
A2: physiotherapist
Q3: In which season did Arsenal win its first European trophy?
A3: 1969–70
Q4: For how long after Arsenal's first trophy win the team do poorly competitions?
A4: decade
Q5: In what season did Arsenal win their first League and FA Cup double?
A5: 1970–71
Arsenal_F.C. (Sports and recreation)

Arsenal fans often refer to themselves as "Gooners", the name derived from the team's nickname, "The Gunners". The fanbase is large and generally loyal, and virtually all home matches sell out; in 2007–08 Arsenal had the second-highest average League attendance for an English club (60,070, which was 99.5% of available capacity), and, as of 2015, the third-highest all-time average attendance. Arsenal have the seventh highest average attendance of European football clubs only behind Borussia Dortmund, FC Barcelona, Manchester United, Real Madrid, Bayern Munich, and Schalke. The club's location, adjoining wealthy areas such as Canonbury and Barnsbury, mixed areas such as Islington, Holloway, Highbury, and the adjacent London Borough of Camden, and largely working-class areas such as Finsbury Park and Stoke Newington, has meant that Arsenal's supporters have come from a variety of social classes.

Q1: What is the common nickname of Arsenal supporters?
A1: Gooners
Q2: From what name does Gooners come?
A2: The Gunners
Q3: From what groups do the supporters of Arsenal come?
A3: variety of social classes
Q4: Where did the attendance at Arsenal games rank in relation to other English clubs?
A4: second-highest average
Q5: What aspect of the fan base is one of the  reasons for large game attendance?
A5: location
Arsenal_F.C. (Sports and recreation)

Arsenal finished in either first or second place in the league in eight of Wenger's first eleven seasons at the club, although on no occasion were they able to retain the title. As of July 2013, they were one of only five teams, the others being Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, and Manchester City, to have won the Premier League since its formation in 1992. Arsenal had never progressed beyond the quarter-finals of the Champions League until 2005–06; in that season they became the first club from London in the competition's fifty-year history to reach the final, in which they were beaten 2–1 by Barcelona. In July 2006, they moved into the Emirates Stadium, after 93 years at Highbury.

Q1: Including Arsenal, how many  teams  had won the Premier League up to 2013?
A1: five
Q2: In what year was the Premier League created?
A2: 1992
Q3: What team defeated Arsenal in the finals of the Champions League in 2005-2006 season?
A3: Barcelona
Q4: To what stadium did Arsenal FC move in 2006?
A4: Emirates Stadium
Q5: For how many years did Arsenal play at Highbury?
A5: 93
Arsenal_F.C. (Sports and recreation)

Arsenal have appeared in a number of media "firsts". On 22 January 1927, their match at Highbury against Sheffield United was the first English League match to be broadcast live on radio. A decade later, on 16 September 1937, an exhibition match between Arsenal's first team and the reserves was the first football match in the world to be televised live. Arsenal also featured in the first edition of the BBC's Match of the Day, which screened highlights of their match against Liverpool at Anfield on 22 August 1964. BSkyB's coverage of Arsenal's January 2010 match against Manchester United was the first live public broadcast of a sports event on 3D television.

Q1: Why was Arsenal's match on 22 Jan. 1927 at Highbury a first?
A1: broadcast live on radio
Q2: What team did Arsenal play at the time of the radio broadcast in 1927?
A2: Sheffield United
Q3: When was Arsenal's match the first to be televised live?
A3: 16 September 1937
Q4: To what first broadcast did Arsenal provide match highlights?
A4: BBC's Match of the Day
Q5: In what form was Arsenal's broadcast of a 2010 match against Manchester United?
A5: 3D television
Arsenal_F.C. (Sports and recreation)

Arsenal have often been stereotyped as a defensive and "boring" side, especially during the 1970s and 1980s; many comedians, such as Eric Morecambe, made jokes about this at the team's expense. The theme was repeated in the 1997 film The Full Monty, in a scene where the lead actors move in a line and raise their hands, deliberately mimicking the Arsenal defence's offside trap, in an attempt to co-ordinate their striptease routine. Another film reference to the club's defence comes in the film Plunkett & Macleane, in which two characters are named Dixon and Winterburn after Arsenal's long-serving full backs – the right-sided Lee Dixon and the left-sided Nigel Winterburn.

Q1: How have Arsenal players portrayed in media?
A1: defensive and "boring"
Q2: In what decades were Arsenal players stereotyped in a negative way?
A2: 1970s and 1980s
Q3: What film featured a Arsenal play in  derogatory way?
A3: The Full Monty
Q4: Which comic made numerous jokes about Arsenal players?
A4: Eric Morecambe
Q5: What film uses characters named after Arsenal full backs?
A5: Plunkett & Macleane
Arsenal_F.C. (Sports and recreation)

Arsenal reached the final of the 2007 and 2011 League Cups, losing 2–1 to Chelsea and Birmingham City respectively. The club had not gained a major trophy since the 2005 FA Cup until 17 May 2014, when Arsenal beat Hull City in the 2014 FA Cup Final, coming back from a 2–0 deficit to win the match 3–2. This qualified them for the 2014 FA Community Shield where they would play Premier League champions Manchester City. They recorded a resounding 3–0 win in the game, winning their second trophy in three months. Nine months after their Community Shield triumph, Arsenal appeared in the FA Cup final for the second year in a row, thrashing Aston Villa 4–0 in the final and becoming the most successful club in the tournament's history with 12 titles. On 2 August 2015, Arsenal beat Chelsea 1–0 at Wembley Stadium to retain the Community Shield and earn their 14th Community Shield title.

Q1: What famous team defeated Arsenal for the League Cup in 2007?
A1: Chelsea
Q2: Who beat Arsenal for the 2011 League Cup>
A2: Birmingham City
Q3: How many wins did Arsenal have to make the team the most successful in FA Cup history?
A3: 12
Q4: What team did Arsenal defeat at Wembley in 2015?
A4: Chelsea
Q5: How Community Shield titles does Arsenal have?
A5: 14
Arsenal_F.C. (Sports and recreation)

Arsenal was the first club from the south of England to join The Football League, in 1893. They entered the First Division in 1904, and have since accumulated the second most points. Relegated only once, in 1913, they continue the longest streak in the top division. In the 1930s, Arsenal won five League Championships and two FA Cups, and another FA Cup and two Championships after the war. In 1970–71, they won their first League and FA Cup Double. Between 1988 and 2005, they won five League titles and five FA Cups, including two more Doubles. They completed the 20th century with the highest average league position.

Q1: What was the first football club from southern England to join The Football League?
A1: Arsenal
Q2: When did Arsenal join the Football League?
A2: 1893
Q3: In what year did Arsenal qualify to be in the First Division?
A3: 1904
Q4: How many league championships did Arsenal win in the 1930s?
A4: five
Q5: What was Arsenal's league position ranking at the end of the last century?
A5: highest average
Arsenal_F.C. (Sports and recreation)

Arsenal's financial results for the 2014–15 season show group revenue of £344.5m, with a profit before tax of £24.7m. The footballing core of the business showed a revenue of £329.3m. The Deloitte Football Money League is a publication that homogenizes and compares clubs' annual revenue. They put Arsenal's footballing revenue at £331.3m (€435.5m), ranking Arsenal seventh among world football clubs. Arsenal and Deloitte both list the match day revenue generated by the Emirates Stadium as £100.4m, more than any other football stadium in the world.

Q1: Where does Deloitte Football Money League rank Arsenal in the world football clubs?
A1: seventh
Q2: What value does Deloitte place on Arsenal?
A2: £331.3m
Q3: What is the match day earning of Emirates Stadium?
A3: £100.4m
Q4: How does Arsenal match day revenue compare with other stadium in the world?
A4: more
Q5: What does Arsenal report a before tax profit for 2014-15?
A5: £24.7m
Arsenal_F.C. (Sports and recreation)

Arsenal's home colours have been the inspiration for at least three other clubs. In 1909, Sparta Prague adopted a dark red kit like the one Arsenal wore at the time; in 1938, Hibernian adopted the design of the Arsenal shirt sleeves in their own green and white strip. In 1920, Sporting Clube de Braga's manager returned from a game at Highbury and changed his team's green kit to a duplicate of Arsenal's red with white sleeves and shorts, giving rise to the team's nickname of Os Arsenalistas. These teams still wear those designs to this day.

Q1: What early team copied the Arsenal's red current color in 1909?
A1: Sparta Prague
Q2: What team in 1938 used the same style of kit, but in green?
A2: Hibernian
Q3: By coping the Arsenal team kit exactly, what nickname was given to Sporting Clube de Braga?
A3: Os Arsenalistas
Q4: For how long have the Arsenal inspired copy-cat clubs worn their uniforms?
A4: to this day
Q5: What was Sporting Clube de Braga's original color?
A5: green