LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Hyderabad (Geography and places)

Hyderabad has a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen Aw) bordering on a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh). The annual mean temperature is 26.6 °C (79.9 °F); monthly mean temperatures are 21–33 °C (70–91 °F). Summers (March–June) are hot and humid, with average highs in the mid-to-high 30s Celsius; maximum temperatures often exceed 40 °C (104 °F) between April and June. The coolest temperatures occur in December and January, when the lowest temperature occasionally dips to 10 °C (50 °F). May is the hottest month, when daily temperatures range from 26 to 39 °C (79–102 °F); December, the coldest, has temperatures varying from 14.5 to 28 °C (57–82 °F).

Q1: What is the mean yearly temperature in Hyderabad in Celsius?
A1: 26.6 °C
Q2: Köppen Aw refers to what kind of climate?
A2: tropical wet and dry climate
Q3: During what months does summer occur in Hyderabad?
A3: March–June
Q4: What is the typical lowest temperature in Celsius during winter in Hyderabad?
A4: 10 °C
Q5: What is generally the hottest month in Hyderabad?
A5: May
Hyderabad (Geography and places)

Hyderabad has continued with these traditions in its annual Hyderabad Literary Festival, held since 2010, showcasing the city's literary and cultural creativity. Organisations engaged in the advancement of literature include the Sahitya Akademi, the Urdu Academy, the Telugu Academy, the National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language, the Comparative Literature Association of India, and the Andhra Saraswata Parishad. Literary development is further aided by state institutions such as the State Central Library, the largest public library in the state which was established in 1891, and other major libraries including the Sri Krishna Devaraya Andhra Bhasha Nilayam, the British Library and the Sundarayya Vignana Kendram.

Q1: In what year did the Hyderabad Literary Festival start?
A1: 2010
Q2: In what year was the biggest public library in Hyderabad created?
A2: 1891
Q3: What is the name of the largest public library in Hyderabad?
A3: State Central Library
Q4: What is one of the activities Telugu Academy is credited with encouraging?
A4: the advancement of literature
Hyderabad (Geography and places)

Hyderabad is also home to a number of centres specialising in particular fields such as biomedical sciences, biotechnology and pharmaceuticals, such as the National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) and National Institute of Nutrition (NIN). Hyderabad has five major medical schools—Osmania Medical College, Gandhi Medical College, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Deccan College of Medical Sciences and Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences—and many affiliated teaching hospitals. The Government Nizamia Tibbi College is a college of Unani medicine. Hyderabad is also the headquarters of the Indian Heart Association, a non-profit foundation for cardiovascular education.

Q1: How many medical schools are in Hyderabad?
A1: five
Q2: What type of medicine is taught at The Government Nizamia Tibbi College?
A2: Unani medicine
Q3: What non-profit cardiovascular educational association is headquartered in Hyderabad?
A3: Indian Heart Association
Hyderabad (Geography and places)

Hyderabad is the largest contributor to the gross domestic product (GDP), tax and other revenues, of Telangana, and the sixth largest deposit centre and fourth largest credit centre nationwide, as ranked by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in June 2012. Its US$74 billion GDP made it the fifth-largest contributor city to India's overall GDP in 2011–12. Its per capita annual income in 2011 was ₹44300 (US$660). As of 2006[update], the largest employers in the city were the governments of Andhra Pradesh (113,098 employees) and India (85,155). According to a 2005 survey, 77% of males and 19% of females in the city were employed. The service industry remains dominant in the city, and 90% of the employed workforce is engaged in this sector.

Q1: Where was Hyderabad ranked in 2012 as a producer of GDP in Talangana?
A1: the largest
Q2: Where was Hyderabad ranked in India in 2012 in terms of deposits?
A2: sixth largest
Q3: What was the GDP of Hyderabad in US dollars in 2011-2012?
A3: $74 billion
Q4: How many people were employed by the Andhra Pradesh government in 2006?
A4: 113,098
Q5: What percentage of females in Hyderabad were employed in 2005?
A5: 19%
Hyderabad (Geography and places)

Hyderabad produces around 4,500 tonnes of solid waste daily, which is transported from collection units in Imlibun, Yousufguda and Lower Tank Bund to the dumpsite in Jawaharnagar. Disposal is managed by the Integrated Solid Waste Management project which was started by the GHMC in 2010. Rapid urbanisation and increased economic activity has also led to increased industrial waste, air, noise and water pollution, which is regulated by the Telangana Pollution Control Board (TPCB). The contribution of different sources to air pollution in 2006 was: 20–50% from vehicles, 40–70% from a combination of vehicle discharge and road dust, 10–30% from industrial discharges and 3–10% from the burning of household rubbish. Deaths resulting from atmospheric particulate matter are estimated at 1,700–3,000 each year. Ground water around Hyderabad, which has a hardness of up to 1000 ppm, around three times higher than is desirable, is the main source of drinking water but the increasing population and consequent increase in demand has led to a decline in not only ground water but also river and lake levels. This shortage is further exacerbated by inadequately treated effluent discharged from industrial treatment plants polluting the water sources of the city.

Q1: Where is the site where Hyderabad's solid waste is dumped?
A1: Jawaharnagar
Q2: Which entity is responsible for disposing Hyderabad's solid waste?
A2: Integrated Solid Waste Management project
Q3: What percentage of the air pollution in Hyderabad comes solely from vehicles?
A3: 20–50%
Q4: How many deaths are believed to be caused in Hyderabad due to air pollution each year?
A4: 1,700–3,000
Q5: What is the rating for the hardness of Hyderabad's water?
A5: 1000 ppm
Hyderabad (Geography and places)

Hyderabad sits at the junction of three National Highways linking it to six other states: NH-7 runs 2,369 km (1,472 mi) from Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, in the north to Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, in the south; NH-9, runs 841 km (523 mi) east-west between Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh, and Pune, Maharashtra; and the 280 km (174 mi) NH-163 links Hyderabad to Bhopalpatnam, Chhattisgarh NH-765 links Hyderabad to Srisailam. Five state highways, SH-1, SH-2, SH-4, SH-5 and SH-6, either start from, or pass through, Hyderabad.:58

Q1: How many national highways form a junction in Hyderabad?
A1: three
Q2: How many states are linked to from highways in Hyderabad?
A2: six
Q3: How many miles long is NH-7?
A3: 1,472 mi
Q4: How many state highways pass through or begin in Hyderabad?
A4: Five
Q5: What road connects Hyderabad to Bhopalpatnam?
A5: NH-163
Hyderabad (Geography and places)

Hyderabad was historically known as a pearl and diamond trading centre, and it continues to be known as the City of Pearls. Many of the city's traditional bazaars, including Laad Bazaar, Begum Bazaar and Sultan Bazaar, have remained open for centuries. However, industrialisation throughout the 20th century attracted major Indian manufacturing, research and financial institutions, including Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, the National Geophysical Research Institute and the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology. Special economic zones dedicated to information technology have encouraged companies from across India and around the world to set up operations and the emergence of pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries in the 1990s led to the area's naming as India's "Genome Valley". With an output of US$74 billion, Hyderabad is the fifth-largest contributor to India's overall gross domestic product.

Q1: What items had been historically traded in Hyderabad?
A1: pearl and diamond
Q2: What is a nickname for Hyderabad?
A2: City of Pearls
Q3: What are three historic bazaars in Hyderabad?
A3: Laad Bazaar, Begum Bazaar and Sultan Bazaar
Q4: What is the economic output of Hyderabad?
A4: US$74 billion
Q5: What is the rank of Hyderabad among cities contributing to India's GDP?
A5: fifth-largest
Hyderabad (Geography and places)

Hyderabad's lakes and the sloping terrain of its low-lying hills provide habitat for an assortment of flora and fauna. The forest region in and around the city encompasses areas of ecological and biological importance, which are preserved in the form of national parks, zoos, mini-zoos and a wildlife sanctuary. Nehru Zoological Park, the city's one large zoo, is the first in India to have a lion and tiger safari park. Hyderabad has three national parks (Mrugavani National Park, Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park and Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park), and the Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary is about 50 km (31 mi) from the city. Hyderabad's other environmental reserves are: Kotla Vijayabhaskara Reddy Botanical Gardens, Shamirpet Lake, Hussain Sagar, Fox Sagar Lake, Mir Alam Tank and Patancheru Lake, which is home to regional birds and attracts seasonal migratory birds from different parts of the world. Organisations engaged in environmental and wildlife preservation include the Telangana Forest Department, Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), the Animal Welfare Board of India, the Blue Cross of Hyderabad and the University of Hyderabad.

Q1: What is the name of the largest zoo in Hyderabad?
A1: Nehru Zoological Park
Q2: Hyderabad's largest zoo is known as India's first to have what two kinds of animals in a safari park setting?
A2: lion and tiger
Q3: How many national parks does Hyderabad have?
A3: three
Q4: Two of the national parks in Hyderabad are Mrugavani National Park, Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park, what is the third?
A4: Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park
Q5: Which environmental preserve in Hyderabad is known to be a home for migratory birds?
A5: Patancheru Lake
Hyderabad (Geography and places)

Hyderabad's role in the pearl trade has given it the name "City of Pearls" and up until the 18th century, the city was also the only global trading centre for large diamonds. Industrialisation began under the Nizams in the late 19th century, helped by railway expansion that connected the city with major ports. From the 1950s to the 1970s, Indian enterprises, such as Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), Nuclear Fuel Complex (NFC), National Mineral Development Corporation (NMDC), Bharat Electronics (BEL), Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), State Bank of Hyderabad (SBH) and Andhra Bank (AB) were established in the city. The city is home to Hyderabad Securities formerly known as Hyderabad Stock Exchange (HSE), and houses the regional office of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). In 2013, the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) facility in Hyderabad was forecast to provide operations and transactions services to BSE-Mumbai by the end of 2014. The growth of the financial services sector has helped Hyderabad evolve from a traditional manufacturing city to a cosmopolitan industrial service centre. Since the 1990s, the growth of information technology (IT), IT-enabled services (ITES), insurance and financial institutions has expanded the service sector, and these primary economic activities have boosted the ancillary sectors of trade and commerce, transport, storage, communication, real estate and retail.

Q1: In the 18th century there was one global trading hub for large diamonds, what was it?
A1: Hyderabad
Q2: When did railway expansion in Hyderabad occur?
A2: the late 19th century
Q3: During what era was The Defence Research and Development Organisation founded?
A3: From the 1950s to the 1970s
Q4: What did the Hyderabad Stock Exchange come to be known as?
A4: Hyderabad Securities
Q5: At the end of 2014 what entity would handle the the transaction services for BSE-Mumbai?
A5: Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE)
Hyderabad (Geography and places)

Hyderabadi cuisine comprises a broad repertoire of rice, wheat and meat dishes and the skilled use of various spices. Hyderabadi biryani and Hyderabadi haleem, with their blend of Mughlai and Arab cuisines, have become iconic dishes of India. Hyderabadi cuisine is highly influenced by Mughlai and to some extent by French, Arabic, Turkish, Iranian and native Telugu and Marathwada cuisines. Other popular native dishes include nihari, chakna, baghara baingan and the desserts qubani ka meetha, double ka meetha and kaddu ki kheer (a sweet porridge made with sweet gourd).

Q1: What type of foods are generally thought of as a part of Hyderabadi cuisine?
A1: rice, wheat and meat dishes
Q2: What is a large influence on Hyderabadi food?
A2: Mughlai
Q3: What is kaddu ki kheer?
A3: a sweet porridge made with sweet gourd
Q4: What types of cuisine are noted within Hyderabadi haleem?
A4: Mughlai and Arab
Renewable_energy_commercialization (Engineering and technology)

Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower; the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water. It is the most widely used form of renewable energy, accounting for 16 percent of global electricity generation – 3,427 terawatt-hours of electricity production in 2010, and is expected to increase about 3.1% each year for the next 25 years. Hydroelectric plants have the advantage of being long-lived and many existing plants have operated for more than 100 years.

Q1: What is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower?
A1: Hydroelectricity
Q2: What is the most widely used form of renewable energy?
A2: Hydroelectricity
Q3: Hydroelectricity accounts for what percentage of global electricity generation?
A3: Hydroelectricity
Q4: Electricity production is expected to increase by what percentage each year for the next 25 years?
A4: 3.1%
Hydrogen (Natural sciences)

Hydrogen can be prepared in several different ways, but economically the most important processes involve removal of hydrogen from hydrocarbons. Commercial bulk hydrogen is usually produced by the steam reforming of natural gas. At high temperatures (1000–1400 K, 700–1100 °C or 1300–2000 °F), steam (water vapor) reacts with methane to yield carbon monoxide and H
2.

Q1: The most economical way to prepare hydrogen involves removing it from what?
A1: hydrocarbons
Q2: What temperature is needed for steam to react with methane?
A2: 1000–1400 K, 700–1100 °C or 1300–2000 °F
Hydrogen (Natural sciences)

Hydrogen forms a vast array of compounds with carbon called the hydrocarbons, and an even vaster array with heteroatoms that, because of their general association with living things, are called organic compounds. The study of their properties is known as organic chemistry and their study in the context of living organisms is known as biochemistry. By some definitions, "organic" compounds are only required to contain carbon. However, most of them also contain hydrogen, and because it is the carbon-hydrogen bond which gives this class of compounds most of its particular chemical characteristics, carbon-hydrogen bonds are required in some definitions of the word "organic" in chemistry. Millions of hydrocarbons are known, and they are usually formed by complicated synthetic pathways, which seldom involve elementary hydrogen.

Q1: What is the form of hydrogen and carbon called?
A1: hydrocarbons
Q2: What is the form of hydrogen and heteroatoms called?
A2: organic compounds
Q3: What is the study of organic compounds properties known as?
A3: organic chemistry
Q4: What is the study of living organisms known as?
A4: biochemistry
Q5: Organic compounds are only required to conatin what?
A5: carbon
Hydrogen (Natural sciences)

Hydrogen gas (dihydrogen or molecular hydrogen) is highly flammable and will burn in air at a very wide range of concentrations between 4% and 75% by volume. The enthalpy of combustion for hydrogen is −286 kJ/mol:

Q1: For hydrogen what is the enthalpy of combustion?
A1: 286 kJ/mol
Q2: What are two forms of hydrogen gas?
A2: dihydrogen or molecular hydrogen
Q3: Which element has a enthalpy of combustion at −286 kJ/mol?
A3: Hydrogen
Hydrogen (Natural sciences)

Hydrogen gas forms explosive mixtures with air if it is 4–74% concentrated and with chlorine if it is 5–95% concentrated. The mixtures may be ignited by spark, heat or sunlight. The hydrogen autoignition temperature, the temperature of spontaneous ignition in air, is 500 °C (932 °F). Pure hydrogen-oxygen flames emit ultraviolet light and with high oxygen mix are nearly invisible to the naked eye, as illustrated by the faint plume of the Space Shuttle Main Engine compared to the highly visible plume of a Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster. The detection of a burning hydrogen leak may require a flame detector; such leaks can be very dangerous. Hydrogen flames in other conditions are blue, resembling blue natural gas flames. The destruction of the Hindenburg airship was an infamous example of hydrogen combustion; the cause is debated, but the visible orange flames were the result of a rich mixture of hydrogen to oxygen combined with carbon compounds from the airship skin.

Q1: What kind of light do hydrogen-oxygen flames make?
A1: ultraviolet light
Q2: What caused  the Hindenburg to explode?
A2: hydrogen combustion
Hydrogen (Natural sciences)

Hydrogen gas was first artificially produced in the early 16th century, via the mixing of metals with acids. In 1766–81, Henry Cavendish was the first to recognize that hydrogen gas was a discrete substance, and that it produces water when burned, a property which later gave it its name: in Greek, hydrogen means "water-former".

Q1: When was hydrogen gas artificially produced for the first time?
A1: early 16th century
Q2: Who first recognized that hydrogen was a discrete substance?
A2: Henry Cavendish
Q3: When it is burned what does hydrogen make?
A3: water
Q4: What is the Greek translation for hydrogen?
A4: water-former
Hydrogen (Natural sciences)

Hydrogen has three naturally occurring isotopes, denoted 1H, 2H and 3H. Other, highly unstable nuclei (4H to 7H) have been synthesized in the laboratory but not observed in nature.

Q1: How many natural isotopes does hydrogen have>
A1: 3H
Q2: What are the names of these isotopes?
A2: denoted 1H, 2H and 3H
Q3: Which isotopes have unstable nuclei?
A3: 4H to 7H
Hydrogen (Natural sciences)

Hydrogen is a chemical element with chemical symbol H and atomic number 1. With an atomic weight of 7000100794000000000♠1.00794 u, hydrogen is the lightest element on the periodic table. Its monatomic form (H) is the most abundant chemical substance in the Universe, constituting roughly 75% of all baryonic mass.[note 1] Non-remnant stars are mainly composed of hydrogen in its plasma state. The most common isotope of hydrogen, termed protium (name rarely used, symbol 1H), has one proton and no neutrons.

Q1: What is hydrogens chemical symbol?
A1: H
Q2: What is the atomic number used for hydrogen?
A2: 1
Q3: What is the atomic weight for hydrogen?
A3: 7000100794000000000♠1.00794 u
Q4: What element is considered the lightest?
A4: Hydrogen
Hydrogen (Natural sciences)

Hydrogen is commonly used in power stations as a coolant in generators due to a number of favorable properties that are a direct result of its light diatomic molecules. These include low density, low viscosity, and the highest specific heat and thermal conductivity of all gases.

Q1: How is hydrogen used at power stations?
A1: as a coolant in generators
Q2: Why is it used as a coolant?
A2: favorable properties that are a direct result of its light diatomic molecules
Q3: What are these properties?
A3: low density, low viscosity, and the highest specific heat and thermal conductivity of all gases
Hydrogen (Natural sciences)

Hydrogen is employed to saturate broken ("dangling") bonds of amorphous silicon and amorphous carbon that helps stabilizing material properties. It is also a potential electron donor in various oxide materials, including ZnO, SnO2, CdO, MgO, ZrO2, HfO2, La2O3, Y2O3, TiO2, SrTiO3, LaAlO3, SiO2, Al2O3, ZrSiO4, HfSiO4, and SrZrO3.

Q1: Why is hydrogen employed?
A1: to saturate broken ("dangling") bonds of amorphous silicon and amorphous carbon that helps stabilizing material properties
Q2: How is hydrogen used in oxide materials?
A2: a potential electron donor
Q3: What oxide materials use hydrogen as an electron donor?
A3: ZnO, SnO2, CdO, MgO, ZrO2, HfO2, La2O3, Y2O3, TiO2, SrTiO3, LaAlO3, SiO2, Al2O3, ZrSiO4, HfSiO4, and SrZrO3
Hydrogen (Natural sciences)

Hydrogen is highly soluble in many rare earth and transition metals and is soluble in both nanocrystalline and amorphous metals. Hydrogen solubility in metals is influenced by local distortions or impurities in the crystal lattice. These properties may be useful when hydrogen is purified by passage through hot palladium disks, but the gas's high solubility is a metallurgical problem, contributing to the embrittlement of many metals, complicating the design of pipelines and storage tanks.

Q1: Where is hydrogen highly soluble?
A1: rare earth and transition metals
Q2: Where can you find soluble hydrogen?
A2: nanocrystalline and amorphous metals
Q3: What influences hydrogens solubility in metals?
A3: local distortions or impurities in the crystal lattice
Q4: When are these useful?
A4: when hydrogen is purified by passage through hot palladium disks
Q5: When is it damaging?
A5: gas's high solubility is a metallurgical problem, contributing to the embrittlement of many metals, complicating the design of pipelines and storage tanks
Hydrogen (Natural sciences)

Hydrogen is not an energy resource, except in the hypothetical context of commercial nuclear fusion power plants using deuterium or tritium, a technology presently far from development. The Sun's energy comes from nuclear fusion of hydrogen, but this process is difficult to achieve controllably on Earth. Elemental hydrogen from solar, biological, or electrical sources require more energy to make it than is obtained by burning it, so in these cases hydrogen functions as an energy carrier, like a battery. Hydrogen may be obtained from fossil sources (such as methane), but these sources are unsustainable.

Q1: Is Hydrogen considered an energy resource?
A1: not
Q2: Where does the sun get its energy from?
A2: nuclear fusion of hydrogen
Q3: How does hydrogen function when it s burned?
A3: energy carrier
Hydrogen (Natural sciences)

Hydrogen is sometimes produced and consumed in the same industrial process, without being separated. In the Haber process for the production of ammonia, hydrogen is generated from natural gas. Electrolysis of brine to yield chlorine also produces hydrogen as a co-product.

Q1: When hydrogen is generated from natural gas, what des it produce?
A1: ammonia
Q2: How is hydrogen produced as a co product?
A2: Electrolysis of brine to yield chlorine
Hydrogen (Natural sciences)

Hydrogen is the only element that has different names for its isotopes in common use today. During the early study of radioactivity, various heavy radioactive isotopes were given their own names, but such names are no longer used, except for deuterium and tritium. The symbols D and T (instead of 2H and 3H) are sometimes used for deuterium and tritium, but the corresponding symbol for protium, P, is already in use for phosphorus and thus is not available for protium. In its nomenclatural guidelines, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry allows any of D, T, 2H, and 3H to be used, although 2H and 3H are preferred.

Q1: Which element is the only that has different names for its isotopes?
A1: Hydrogen
Q2: What are the only two names still used for radioactive isotopes?
A2: deuterium and tritium
Q3: What are the symbols used for deuterium and tritium?
A3: D and T
Q4: What does the symbol P represent?
A4: phosphorus
Q5: What are the preferred symbols for deuterium and tritium?
A5: 2H and 3H