LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Bras%C3%ADlia (Geography and places)

This makes for a large number of takeoffs and landings and it is not unusual for flights to be delayed in the holding pattern before landing. Following the airport's master plan, Infraero built a second runway, which was finished in 2006. In 2007, the airport handled 11,119,872 passengers. The main building's third floor, with 12 thousand square meters, has a panoramic deck, a food court, shops, four movie theatres with total capacity of 500 people, and space for exhibitions. Brasília Airport has 136 vendor spaces. The airport is located about 11 km (6.8 mi) from the central area of Brasília, outside the metro system. The area outside the airport's main gate is lined with taxis as well as several bus line services which connect the airport to Brasília's central district. The parking lot accommodates 1,200 cars. The airport is serviced by domestic and regional airlines (TAM, GOL, Azul, WebJET, Trip and Avianca), in addition to a number of international carriers. In 2012, Brasília's International Airport was won by the InfrAmerica consortium, formed by the Brazilian engineering company ENGEVIX and the Argentine Corporacion America holding company, with a 50% stake each. During the 25-year concession, the airport may be expanded to up to 40 million passengers a year.

Q1: When did Brasilia's airport add a second runway?
A1: 2006
Q2: How many passengers came through Brasilia's airport in 2007?
A2: 11,119,872
Q3: How many movie theaters are in Brasilia's airport?
A3: four
Q4: How many vendor spaces are in Brasilia's airport?
A4: 136
Q5: How many parking spaces are there at Brasilia's airport?
A5: 1,200
The_Times (History)

This makes it the most varied newspaper in terms of political support in British history. Some columnists in The Times are connected to the Conservative Party such as Daniel Finkelstein, Tim Montgomerie, Matthew Parris and Matt Ridley, but there are also columnists connected to the Labour Party such as David Aaronovitch, Phil Collins, Oliver Kamm and Jenni Russell.

Q1: What is the name of the newspaper with the most varied political support in British history?
A1: The Times
Q2: Which political party is The Times columnist, Daniel Finkelstein, associated with?
A2: Conservative Party
Q3: Which political party is The Times columnist, David Aaronovitch, associated with?
A3: Labour Party
Alps (Geography and places)

This may be consistent with the theory that in Greek Alpes is a name of non-Indo-European origin (which is common for prominent mountains and mountain ranges in the Mediterranean region). According to the Old English Dictionary, the Latin Alpes might possibly derive from a pre-Indo-European word *alb "hill"; "Albania" is a related derivation. Albania, a name not native to the region known as the country of Albania, has been used as a name for a number of mountainous areas across Europe. In Roman times, "Albania" was a name for the eastern Caucasus, while in the English language "Albania" (or "Albany") was occasionally used as a name for Scotland.

Q1: There is a theory that in Greek Alpes is a name of what origin? 
A1: Indo-European origin
Q2: What name has been used as a name for a number of mountainous areas across Europe? 
A2: Albania
Q3: Albania was a name for what during Roman Times? 
A3: the eastern Caucasus
Q4: Albania was occasionally used as a name for what in the English language? 
A4: Scotland
Database (Engineering and technology)

This may be managed directly on an individual basis, or by the assignment of individuals and privileges to groups, or (in the most elaborate models) through the assignment of individuals and groups to roles which are then granted entitlements. Data security prevents unauthorized users from viewing or updating the database. Using passwords, users are allowed access to the entire database or subsets of it called "subschemas". For example, an employee database can contain all the data about an individual employee, but one group of users may be authorized to view only payroll data, while others are allowed access to only work history and medical data. If the DBMS provides a way to interactively enter and update the database, as well as interrogate it, this capability allows for managing personal databases.

Q1: What does data security avoid?
A1: unauthorized users from viewing or updating the database
Q2: What is a subset of a database called that can be accessed by using a password?
A2: subschemas
Q3: What is possible when a DBMS interrogate and update a database?
A3: managing personal databases
Anthropology (Social sciences and society)

This meagre statistic expanded in the 20th century to comprise anthropology departments in the majority of the world's higher educational institutions, many thousands in number. Anthropology has diversified from a few major subdivisions to dozens more. Practical anthropology, the use of anthropological knowledge and technique to solve specific problems, has arrived; for example, the presence of buried victims might stimulate the use of a forensic archaeologist to recreate the final scene. Organization has reached global level. For example, the World Council of Anthropological Associations (WCAA), "a network of national, regional and international associations that aims to promote worldwide communication and cooperation in anthropology", currently contains members from about three dozen nations.

Q1: What did the 20th century see the expansion of anthropology departments into?
A1: majority of the world's higher educational institutions
Q2: What was anthropology diversified into dozens of?
A2: subdivisions
Q3: What type of anthropology is used to solve specific problems?
A3: Practical
Q4: What does a forensic archaeologist become stimulated to do in the presence of buried victims?
A4: recreate the final scene
Q5: From how many nations does the WCAA boast members from?
A5: about three dozen
Incandescent_light_bulb (Engineering and technology)

This means that a 5% reduction in operating voltage will more than double the life of the bulb, at the expense of reducing its light output by about 16%. This may be a very acceptable trade off for a light bulb that is in a difficult-to-access location (for example, traffic lights or fixtures hung from high ceilings). Long-life bulbs take advantage of this trade-off. Since the value of the electric power they consume is much more than the value of the lamp, general service lamps emphasize efficiency over long operating life. The objective is to minimize the cost of light, not the cost of lamps. Early bulbs had a life of up to 2500 hours, but in 1924 a cartel agreed to limit life to 1000 hours. When this was exposed in 1953, General Electric and other leading American manufacturers were banned from limiting the life.

Q1: What level of voltage reduction is required to double the life of an incandescent bulb?
A1: a 5% reduction in operating voltage
Q2: When did light bulb manufacturers establish a cartel to limit bulb life?
A2: 1924
Q3: When did authorities break up the light bulb cartel?
A3: 1953
Q4: What was the artificially low limit on bulb life placed by the cartel?
A4: 1000 hours
Q5: What is an example of a good application for a long-life bulb?
A5: difficult-to-access location (for example, traffic lights or fixtures hung from high ceilings)
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 (History)

This meant that nearly one-third of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen and continued to be frozen into June 2009. According to the Brookings Institution, the traditional banking system does not have the capital to close this gap as of June 2009: "It would take a number of years of strong profits to generate sufficient capital to support that additional lending volume". The authors also indicate that some forms of securitization are "likely to vanish forever, having been an artifact of excessively loose credit conditions". While traditional banks have raised their lending standards, it was the collapse of the shadow banking system that is the primary cause of the reduction in funds available for borrowing.

Q1: How much of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen until June 2009?
A1: nearly one-third
Q2: What is the primary cause of the reduction in funds available for borrowing?
A2: the collapse of the shadow banking system
Q3: What institution reported that the traditional banking systems does not have the capital to close the gap in the lending mechanism?
A3: Brookings Institution
Q4: What is likely to vanish forever, as a result of excessively loose credit conditions?
A4: some forms of securitization
Q5: As of June 2009, the Brookings Institution reports that traditional banking system does not have enough of what to close the lending gap?
A5: capital
Light-emitting_diode (Engineering and technology)

This method involves coating LEDs of one color (mostly blue LEDs made of InGaN) with phosphors of different colors to form white light; the resultant LEDs are called phosphor-based or phosphor-converted white LEDs (pcLEDs). A fraction of the blue light undergoes the Stokes shift being transformed from shorter wavelengths to longer. Depending on the color of the original LED, phosphors of different colors can be employed. If several phosphor layers of distinct colors are applied, the emitted spectrum is broadened, effectively raising the color rendering index (CRI) value of a given LED.

Q1: What method involves coating LEDs of one color with phosphors of different colors?
A1: phosphor-converted white LEDs (pcLEDs)
Q2: In pcLEDs method, a fraction of what light is used?
A2: blue
Q3: What shift does blue light undergo in the pcLEDs method?
A3: Stokes
Q4: The different colors of phosphors that can be used is based on what?
A4: the color of the original LED
Q5: What broadens the emitted spectrum in a pcLEDs method?
A5: If several phosphor layers of distinct colors are applied
Compact_disc (Engineering and technology)

This method produces the clear plastic blank part of the disc. After a metallic reflecting layer (usually aluminium, but sometimes gold or other metal) is applied to the clear blank substrate, the disc goes under a UV light for curing and it is ready to go to press. To prepare to press a CD, a glass master is made, using a high-powered laser on a device similar to a CD writer. The glass master is a positive image of the desired CD surface (with the desired microscopic pits and lands). After testing, it is used to make a die by pressing it against a metal disc.

Q1: What materials can be used to make the reflective layer on a CD?
A1: usually aluminium, but sometimes gold or other metal
Q2: What type of light is used to cure CDs?
A2: UV
Q3: What is a glass master?
A3: positive image of the desired CD surface
Q4: How are glass masters created?
A4: high-powered laser
Biodiversity (Natural sciences)

This multilevel construct is consistent with Dasmann and Lovejoy. An explicit definition consistent with this interpretation was first given in a paper by Bruce A. Wilcox commissioned by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) for the 1982 World National Parks Conference. Wilcox's definition was "Biological diversity is the variety of life forms...at all levels of biological systems (i.e., molecular, organismic, population, species and ecosystem)...". The 1992 United Nations Earth Summit defined "biological diversity" as "the variability among living organisms from all sources, including, 'inter alia', terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems, and the ecological complexes of which they are part: this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems". This definition is used in the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity.

Q1: Who is the author of the biodiversity research paper?
A1: Bruce A. Wilcox
Q2: Who commissioned the biodiversity research paper?
A2: International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)
Q3: At what event was the biodiversity research paper presented?
A3: 1982 World National Parks Conference
Q4: What year did the United Nations Earth Summit define "biological diversity"?
A4: 1992
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

This narrative draws on the Nidānakathā of the Jataka tales of the Theravada, which is ascribed to Buddhaghoṣa in the 5th century CE. Earlier biographies such as the Buddhacarita, the Lokottaravādin Mahāvastu, and the Sarvāstivādin Lalitavistara Sūtra, give different accounts. Scholars are hesitant to make unqualified claims about the historical facts of the Buddha's life. Most accept that he lived, taught and founded a monastic order, but do not consistently accept all of the details contained in his biographies.

Q1: The Nidānakathā of the Jataka tales of the Theravada is attributed to who?
A1: Nidānakathā of the Jataka tales of the Theravada
Q2: What are some other biographies that differ from the Jataka tales?
A2: Buddhacarita, the Lokottaravādin Mahāvastu, and the Sarvāstivādin Lalitavistara Sūtra
Q3: What do scholars recognize about the life of the Buddha?
A3: Most accept that he lived, taught and founded a monastic order
Q4: When was the Buddhagohosa written?
A4: 5th century CE
Q5: What is one of the earlier biographies on Buddhism?
A5: the Buddhacarita
Q6: Who founded a monastic order in his life?
A6: Buddha
Q7: Scholars do not make claims without evidence about who's life?
A7: Buddha
Q8: Most accept that Buddha lived and taught in what type of order?
A8: monastic
Q9: The Jataka tales of the Theravada happened in what century?
A9: 5th ce
Black_people (Language and literature)

This nationwide acceptance and recognition of Aboriginal people led to a significant increase in the number of people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. The reappropriation of the term "black" with a positive and more inclusive meaning has resulted in its widespread use in mainstream Australian culture, including public media outlets, government agencies, and private companies. In 2012, a number of high-profile cases highlighted the legal and community attitude that identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander is not dependent on skin colour, with a well-known boxer Anthony Mundine being widely criticised for questioning the "blackness" of another boxer and journalist Andrew Bolt being successfully sued for publishing discriminatory comments about Aboriginals with light skin.

Q1: What did the improvements in quality of life increase?
A1: people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander
Q2: What has the reappropriation of the word "black" done?
A2: resulted in its widespread use in mainstream Australian culture,
Q3: In what year were there several cases that helped to redefine Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander?
A3: 2012
Q4: What well known boxer was criticized for question someone's blackness?
A4: Anthony Mundine
Q5: Which Journalist was sued for publishing discriminatory comments?
A5: Andrew Bolt
Late_Middle_Ages (History)

This new approach liberated scientific speculation from the dogmatic restraints of Aristotelian science, and paved the way for new approaches. Particularly within the field of theories of motion great advances were made, when such scholars as Jean Buridan, Nicole Oresme and the Oxford Calculators challenged the work of Aristotle. Buridan developed the theory of impetus as the cause of the motion of projectiles, which was an important step towards the modern concept of inertia. The works of these scholars anticipated the heliocentric worldview of Nicolaus Copernicus.

Q1: What did Jean Buridan create to explain the motion of projectiles?
A1: the theory of impetus
Q2: What school of scientific thought was challenged by Jean Buridan and Nicole Oresme?
A2: Aristotelian
Q3: What scientist is most associated with the heliocentric worldview?
A3: Nicolaus Copernicus
Q4: Which scholars made great advances in the theories of motion?
A4: Jean Buridan, Nicole Oresme and the Oxford Calculators
Q5: Buridan's theory of impetus led to what modern concept?
A5: inertia
Computer (Engineering and technology)

This new development heralded an explosion in the commercial and personal use of computers and led to the invention of the microprocessor. While the subject of exactly which device was the first microprocessor is contentious, partly due to lack of agreement on the exact definition of the term "microprocessor", it is largely undisputed that the first single-chip microprocessor was the Intel 4004, designed and realized by Ted Hoff, Federico Faggin, and Stanley Mazor at Intel.

Q1: What was the name of the first single-chip microprocessor?
A1: Intel 4004
Q2: Who created the Intel 4004 microprocessor?
A2: Ted Hoff, Federico Faggin, and Stanley Mazor
Q3: Where did Ted Hoff, Federico Faggin, and Stanley Mazor work at?
A3: Intel.
Aircraft_carrier (Warfare)

This new-found importance of naval aviation forced nations to create a number of carriers, in efforts to provide air superiority cover for every major fleet in order to ward off enemy aircraft. This extensive usage required the construction of several new 'light' carriers. Escort aircraft carriers, such as USS Bogue, were sometimes purpose-built, but most were converted from merchant ships as a stop-gap measure to provide anti-submarine air support for convoys and amphibious invasions. Following this concept, light aircraft carriers built by the US, such as USS Independence, represented a larger, more "militarized" version of the escort carrier. Although with similar complement to Escort carriers, they had the advantage of speed from their converted cruiser hulls. The UK 1942 Design Light Fleet Carrier was designed for building quickly by civilian shipyards and with an expected service life of about 3 years. They served the Royal Navy during the war and was the hull design chosen for nearly all aircraft carrier equipped navies after the war until the 1980s. Emergencies also spurred the creation or conversion of highly unconventional aircraft carriers. CAM ships, were cargo-carrying merchant ships that could launch (but not retrieve) a single fighter aircraft from a catapult to defend the convoy from long range German aircraft.

Q1: What type of aircraft carrier was the USS Bogue?
A1: Escort
Q2: What type of aircraft was the USS Independence?
A2: light
Q3: What advantage did light carriers have over escort carriers?
A3: speed
Q4: What was the expected serice life of the UK 1942 Design Light Fleet Carrier?
A4: 3 years
Q5: Who did the UK 1941 Design Light Fleet Carriers serve during the war?
A5: Royal Navy
Police (Social sciences and society)

This office was first held by Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie, who had 44 commissaires de police (police commissioners) under his authority. In 1709, these commissioners were assisted by inspecteurs de police (police inspectors). The city of Paris was divided into 16 districts policed by the commissaires, each assigned to a particular district and assisted by a growing bureaucracy. The scheme of the Paris police force was extended to the rest of France by a royal edict of October 1699, resulting in the creation of lieutenants general of police in all large French cities and towns.

Q1: Who was Paris's first head of police?
A1: Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie
Q2: How many commissioners worked under Reynie?
A2: 44
Q3: How many policing districts was Paris divided into?
A3: 16
Q4: When was Paris's police system expanded to the rest of France?
A4: October 1699
Q5: When were police inspectors added to Paris's police?
A5: 1709
Tibet (Geography and places)

This period also saw some contacts with Jesuits and Capuchins from Europe, and in 1774 a Scottish nobleman, George Bogle, came to Shigatse to investigate prospects of trade for the British East India Company. However, in the 19th century the situation of foreigners in Tibet grew more tenuous. The British Empire was encroaching from northern India into the Himalayas, the Emirate of Afghanistan and the Russian Empire were expanding into Central Asia and each power became suspicious of the others' intentions in Tibet.

Q1: When did George Bogle come to Shigatse to investigate prospects of trade.
A1: 1774
Q2: Who came to Tibet from Europe?
A2: Jesuits and Capuchins
Q3: When did the British and Russian empires begin encroaching on Tibet?
A3: 19th century
Sumer (History)

This period is generally taken to coincide with a major shift in population from southern Mesopotamia toward the north. Ecologically, the agricultural productivity of the Sumerian lands was being compromised as a result of rising salinity. Soil salinity in this region had been long recognized as a major problem. Poorly drained irrigated soils, in an arid climate with high levels of evaporation, led to the buildup of dissolved salts in the soil, eventually reducing agricultural yields severely. During the Akkadian and Ur III phases, there was a shift from the cultivation of wheat to the more salt-tolerant barley, but this was insufficient, and during the period from 2100 BC to 1700 BC, it is estimated that the population in this area declined by nearly three fifths. This greatly upset the balance of power within the region, weakening the areas where Sumerian was spoken, and comparatively strengthening those where Akkadian was the major language. Henceforth Sumerian would remain only a literary and liturgical language, similar to the position occupied by Latin in medieval Europe.

Q1: What effect was rising salinity having on the agricultural productivity of the Sumerian lands?
A1: compromised
Q2: The salinity of what in the region was long recognized as a major problem?
A2: Soil
Q3: Poorly drained irrigated soils in an arid climate with a good deal of evaporation is responsible for leaving what?
A3: dissolved salts
Q4: What did cultivation shift from to salt-tolerant barley during the Ur III phase?
A4: wheat
Q5: How much did the population of the region decline due to the decrease in crop productivity? 
A5: by nearly three fifths
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

This period marks the first known spread of Buddhism beyond India. According to the edicts of Aśoka, emissaries were sent to various countries west of India to spread Buddhism (Dharma), particularly in eastern provinces of the neighboring Seleucid Empire, and even farther to Hellenistic kingdoms of the Mediterranean. It is a matter of disagreement among scholars whether or not these emissaries were accompanied by Buddhist missionaries.

Q1: Emissaries were sent to various countries to what direct from India?
A1: west
Q2: Scholars disagree on whether emissaries were accompanied by Buddhist what?
A2: missionaries
Q3: What were the emissaries used for?
A3: to spread Buddhism
Ottoman_Empire (History)

This period of renewed assertiveness came to a calamitous end in May 1683 when Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha led a huge army to attempt a second Ottoman siege of Vienna in the Great Turkish War of 1683–1687. The final assault being fatally delayed, the Ottoman forces were swept away by allied Habsburg, German and Polish forces spearheaded by the Polish king Jan III Sobieski at the Battle of Vienna. The alliance of the Holy League pressed home the advantage of the defeat at Vienna, culminating in the Treaty of Karlowitz (26 January 1699), which ended the Great Turkish War. The Ottomans surrendered control of significant territories, many permanently. Mustafa II (1695–1703) led the counterattack of 1695–96 against the Habsburgs in Hungary, but was undone at the disastrous defeat at Zenta (in modern Serbia), 11 September 1697.

Q1: Which Grand Vizier attempted a siege of Vienna in 1683?
A1: Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha
Q2: What was the war that took place from 1683 to 1687 known as?
A2: the Great Turkish War
Q3: Which polish king led the fight against the Ottoman empire in the Battle of Vienna?
A3: Jan III Sobieski
Q4: What was the alliance against the late 17th century Ottoman empire known as?
A4: the Holy League
Q5: What treaty was signed 26 January 1699?
A5: Treaty of Karlowitz