LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Estonia (Geography and places)

Estonia is situated in the northern part of the temperate climate zone and in the transition zone between maritime and continental climate. Estonia has four seasons of near-equal length. Average temperatures range from 16.3 °C (61.3 °F) on the Baltic islands to 18.1 °C (64.6 °F) inland in July, the warmest month, and from −3.5 °C (25.7 °F) on the Baltic islands to −7.6 °C (18.3 °F) inland in February, the coldest month. The average annual temperature in Estonia is 5.2 °C (41.4 °F). The average precipitation in 1961–1990 ranged from 535 to 727 mm (21.1 to 28.6 in) per year.

Q1: What section of the temperate climate zone does Estonia reside?
A1: northern part
Q2: What is the similar trait of Estonia's four seasons?
A2: near-equal length
Q3: What is the average temperature of the Baltic Islands?
A3: 16.3 °C (61.3 °F)
Q4: What is the warmest month in Estonia?
A4: July
Estonia (Geography and places)

Estonia lies on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea immediately across the Gulf of Finland from Finland on the level northwestern part of the rising East European platform between 57.3° and 59.5° N and 21.5° and 28.1° E. Average elevation reaches only 50 metres (164 ft) and the country's highest point is the Suur Munamägi in the southeast at 318 metres (1,043 ft). There is 3,794 kilometres (2,357 mi) of coastline marked by numerous bays, straits, and inlets. The number of islands and islets is estimated at some 2,355 (including those in lakes). Two of them are large enough to constitute separate counties: Saaremaa and Hiiumaa. A small, recent cluster of meteorite craters, the largest of which is called Kaali is found on Saaremaa, Estonia.

Q1: What body of water borders Estonia?
A1: the Baltic Sea
Q2: What is the average elevation of Estonia?
A2: 50 metres (164 ft)
Q3: What is Estonia's highest mountain point?
A3: the Suur Munamägi
Q4: How tall is the the Suur Munamägi?
A4: 318 metres (1,043 ft)
Estonia (Geography and places)

Estonia produces about 75% of its consumed electricity. In 2011 about 85% of it was generated with locally mined oil shale. Alternative energy sources such as wood, peat, and biomass make up approximately 9% of primary energy production. Renewable wind energy was about 6% of total consumption in 2009. Estonia imports petroleum products from western Europe and Russia. Oil shale energy, telecommunications, textiles, chemical products, banking, services, food and fishing, timber, shipbuilding, electronics, and transportation are key sectors of the economy. The ice-free port of Muuga, near Tallinn, is a modern facility featuring good transshipment capability, a high-capacity grain elevator, chill/frozen storage, and new oil tanker off-loading capabilities.[citation needed] The railroad serves as a conduit between the West, Russia, and other points to the East.[citation needed]

Q1: How much of consumed electricity does Estonia produce by itself?
A1: 75%
Q2: What percentage of electricity was produced with local oil shale in 2011?
A2: about 85%
Q3: What alternative energy sources account for 9% of energy production?
A3: wood, peat, and biomass
Q4: What percentage of electricity was produced from renewable energy in 2009?
A4: 6%
Estonia (Geography and places)

Estonia was a member of the League of Nations from 22 September 1921, has been a member of the United Nations since 17 September 1991, and of NATO since 29 March 2004, as well as the European Union since 1 May 2004. Estonia is also a member of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) and the Nordic Investment Bank (NIB). As an OSCE participating State, Estonia's international commitments are subject to monitoring under the mandate of the U.S. Helsinki Commission. Estonia has also signed the Kyoto Protocol.

Q1: What date did Estonia join the League of Nations?
A1: 22 September 1921
Q2: What date did Estonia join the United Nations?
A2: 17 September 1991
Q3: What date did Estonia join NATO?
A3: 29 March 2004
Q4: What date did Estonia join the European Union?
A4: 1 May 2004
Estonia (Geography and places)

Estonia won the Eurovision Song Contest in 2001 with the song "Everybody" performed by Tanel Padar and Dave Benton. In 2002, Estonia hosted the event. Maarja-Liis Ilus has competed for Estonia on two occasions (1996 and 1997), while Eda-Ines Etti, Koit Toome and Evelin Samuel owe their popularity partly to the Eurovision Song Contest. Lenna Kuurmaa is a very popular singer in Europe[citation needed], with her band Vanilla Ninja. "Rändajad" by Urban Symphony, was the first ever song in Estonian to chart in the UK, Belgium, and Switzerland.

Q1: What year did Estonia win the Eurovision Song Contest?
A1: 2001
Q2: Who performed the song "Everybody"?
A2: Tanel Padar and Dave Benton
Q3: What year did Estonia host the Eurovision Song Contest?
A3: 2002
Q4: What performer has represented Estonia two different times?
A4: Maarja-Liis Ilus
Q5: What was the first ever Estonian song to hit the popular European charts?
A5: "Rändajad" by Urban Symphony
Estonia (Geography and places)

Estonia's constitution guarantees freedom of religion, separation of church and state, and individual rights to privacy of belief and religion. According to the Dentsu Communication Institute Inc, Estonia is one of the least religious countries in the world, with 75.7% of the population claiming to be irreligious. The Eurobarometer Poll 2005 found that only 16% of Estonians profess a belief in a god, the lowest belief of all countries studied (EU study). According to the Lutheran World Federation, the historic Lutheran denomination remains a large presence with 180,000 registered members.

Q1: What guarantees freedom of religion for Estonian citizens?
A1: Estonia's constitution
Q2: Estonia's constitution declares the division of what parts of society?
A2: separation of church and state
Q3: What individual privacy rights are citizens granted?
A3: belief and religion
Q4: What percentage of Estonians claim no religion?
A4: 75.7%
Estonia (Geography and places)

Estonia's land border with Latvia runs 267 kilometers; the Russian border runs 290 kilometers. From 1920 to 1945, Estonia's border with Russia, set by the 1920 Tartu Peace Treaty, extended beyond the Narva River in the northeast and beyond the town of Pechory (Petseri) in the southeast. This territory, amounting to some 2,300 square kilometres (888 sq mi), was incorporated into Russia by Stalin at the end of World War II. For this reason the borders between Estonia and Russia are still not defined.

Q1: What is the length of the border that Estonia shares with Lativa?
A1: 267 kilometers
Q2: What is the length of the border that Estonia shares with Russia?
A2: 290 kilometers
Q3: What document established the border between Russia and Estonia?
A3: the 1920 Tartu Peace Treaty
Estonian_language (Language and literature)

Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.

Q1: What country has Estonian as its official language?
A1: Estonian
Q2: In Estonia how many people speak Estonian as their native language
A2: 1.1 million
Q3: Of what language family is Estonian a part of?
A3: Uralic
Q4: On which branch of Uralic language family can Estonian be found?
A4: Finnic
Q5: How many estimated non native speakers of Estonian are there in Estonia?
A5: tens of thousands
Estonian_language (Language and literature)

Estonian belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic languages, along with Finnish, Karelian, and other nearby languages. The Uralic languages do not belong to the Indo-European languages. Estonian is distantly related to Hungarian and to the Sami languages.

Q1: What Uralic language branch contains Estonian?
A1: Finnic
Q2: What are two other languages in the Finnic branch?
A2: Finnish, Karelian
Q3: What language group is Estonian not a part of?
A3: Indo-European languages
Q4: What languages are related to Estonian but not closely?
A4: Hungarian and to the Sami languages
Estonian_language (Language and literature)

Estonian has been influenced by Swedish, German (initially Middle Low German, which was the lingua franca of the Hanseatic League and spoken natively in the territories of what is today known as Estonia by a sizeable burgher community of Baltic Germans, later Estonian was also influenced by standard German), and Russian, though it is not related to them genetically.

Q1: Who spoke German in what came to be known as Estonia?
A1: Baltic Germans
Q2: Aside from standard German what German language influenced Estonian?
A2: Middle Low German
Estonian_language (Language and literature)

Estonian language planners such as Ado Grenzstein (a journalist active in Estonia in the 1870s–90s) tried to use formation ex nihilo, Urschöpfung; i.e. they created new words out of nothing.

Q1: Who was the journalist who was also a language planner?
A1: Ado Grenzstein
Q2: In what years did Ado Grenzstein do journalism work in Estonia?
A2: 1870s–90s
Q3: What is another term for making up words from nothing?
A3: formation ex nihilo
Q4: Who in the course of their language planning attempted to use the formation ex nihilo technique?
A4: Ado Grenzstein
USB (Engineering and technology)

Ethernet standards require electrical isolation between the networked device (computer, phone, etc.) and the network cable up to 1500 V AC or 2250 V DC for 60 seconds. USB has no such requirement as it was designed for peripherals closely associated with a host computer, and in fact it connects the peripheral and host grounds. This gives Ethernet a significant safety advantage over USB with peripherals such as cable and DSL modems connected to external wiring that can assume hazardous voltages under certain fault conditions.

Q1: USB  was designed for peripherals to be what?
A1: closely associated with a host computer
Q2: USB connects what?
A2: the peripheral and host grounds
Q3: Ethernet standards require what?
A3: isolation between the networked device (computer, phone, etc.) and the network cable up to 1500 V AC or 2250 V DC for 60 seconds
Anthropology (Social sciences and society)

Ethical commitments in anthropology include noticing and documenting genocide, infanticide, racism, mutilation (including circumcision and subincision), and torture. Topics like racism, slavery, and human sacrifice attract anthropological attention and theories ranging from nutritional deficiencies to genes to acculturation have been proposed, not to mention theories of colonialism and many others as root causes of Man's inhumanity to man. To illustrate the depth of an anthropological approach, one can take just one of these topics, such as "racism" and find thousands of anthropological references, stretching across all the major and minor sub-fields.

Q1: What type of anthropology commitment is noticing and documenting genocide?
A1: Ethical
Q2: What is the proper term for circumcision?
A2: mutilation
Q3: What are good topics to attract the attention of an anthropologist?
A3: racism, slavery, and human sacrifice
Q4: Nutritional deficiencies and colonialism are just two theories of the root cause of Man's inhumanity towards whom?
A4: man
Q5: Why can one find thousands of anthropological references to the topics?
A5: depth of an anthropological approach
Egypt (Geography and places)

Ethnic Egyptians are by far the largest ethnic group in the country, constituting 91% of the total population. Ethnic minorities include the Abazas, Turks, Greeks, Bedouin Arab tribes living in the eastern deserts and the Sinai Peninsula, the Berber-speaking Siwis (Amazigh) of the Siwa Oasis, and the Nubian communities clustered along the Nile. There are also tribal Beja communities concentrated in the south-eastern-most corner of the country, and a number of Dom clans mostly in the Nile Delta and Faiyum who are progressively becoming assimilated as urbanisation increases.

Q1: What is the largest ethnic group in Egypt?
A1: Ethnic Egyptians
Q2: What are the minorities that live in eastern deserts of Egypt?
A2: Abazas, Turks, Greeks, Bedouin Arab tribes
Q3: Where are Dom clans mostly gathered?
A3: Nile Delta and Faiyum
Russian_language (Language and literature)

Ethnic Russians constitute 25.5% of the country's current population and 58.6% of the native Estonian population is also able to speak Russian. In all, 67.8% of Estonia's population can speak Russian. Command of Russian language, however, is rapidly decreasing among younger Estonians (primarily being replaced by the command of English). For example, if 53% of ethnic Estonians between 15 and 19 claim to speak some Russian, then among the 10- to 14-year-old group, command of Russian has fallen to 19% (which is about one-third the percentage of those who claim to have command of English in the same age group).

Q1: How much of Estonia is ethnic Russians?
A1: 25.5%
Q2: How much of Estonia speaks Russian?
A2: 67.8%
Q3: What is the ratio of young Estonians who speak Russian relative to those who speak English?
A3: about one-third
Q4: How much of Estonia's native Estonians speaks Russian?
A4: 58.6%
Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union (History)

Ethnic tensions had escalated between the Armenians and Azerbaijanis in spring and summer 1988. On January 9, 1990, after the Armenian parliament voted to include Nagorno-Karabakh within its budget, renewed fighting broke out, hostages were taken, and four Soviet soldiers were killed. On January 11, Popular Front radicals stormed party buildings and effectively overthrew the communist powers in the southern town of Lenkoran. Gorbachev resolved to regain control of Azerbaijan; the events that ensued are known as "Black January." Late on January 19, 1990, after blowing up the central television station and cutting the phone and radio lines, 26,000 Soviet troops entered the Azerbaijani capital Baku, smashing barricades, attacking protesters, and firing into crowds. On that night and during subsequent confrontations (which lasted until February), more than 130 people died – the majority of whom were civilians. More than 700 civilians were wounded, hundreds were detained, but only a few were actually tried for alleged criminal offenses.

Q1: Which two groups saw increasing ethnic conflicts in 1988?
A1: Armenians and Azerbaijanis
Q2: Who was killed in the January 9 riots?
A2: four Soviet soldiers
Q3: How many people died in the Soviet response to the clashes?
A3: more than 130
Q4: What were the January incidents called?
A4: Black January
Q5: How many Soviet troops occupied Baku?
A5: 26,000
Republic_of_the_Congo (Geography and places)

Ethnically and linguistically the population of the Republic of the Congo is diverse—Ethnologue recognises 62 spoken languages in the country—but can be grouped into three categories. The Kongo are the largest ethnic group and form roughly half of the population. The most significant subgroups of the Kongo are Laari in Brazzaville and Pool regions and Vili around Pointe-Noire and along the Atlantic coast. The second largest group are the Teke who live to the north of Brazzaville with 17% of the population. Boulangui (M’Boshi) live in the northwest and in Brazzaville and form 12% of the population. Pygmies make up 2% of Congo's population.

Q1: How many languages are used in the Congo?
A1: 62
Q2: What is the most populous ethnicity in the Congo?
A2: Kongo
Q3: How much of the population is constituted by Pygmies?
A3: 2%
Q4: What percentage of the population of the Congo is Boulangui?
A4: 12%
Nigeria (History)

Ethnocentrism, tribalism, religious persecution, and prebendalism have affected Nigerian politics both prior and subsequent to independence in 1960. Kin-selective altruism has made its way into Nigerian politics, resulting in tribalist efforts to concentrate Federal power to a particular region of their interests. Nationalism has also led to active secessionist movements such as MASSOB, Nationalist movements such as Oodua Peoples Congress, Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta and a civil war. Nigeria's three largest ethnic groups (Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba) have maintained historical preeminence in Nigerian politics; competition amongst these three groups has fuelled corruption and graft.

Q1: What are Nigeria's 3 biggest ethnic groups?
A1: Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba
Q2: When did Nigeria get independence?
A2: 1960
Q3: What major secession movement has Nigeria had?
A3: MASSOB
Q4: What major nationalist movement has Nigeria had?
A4: Oodua Peoples Congress
Anthropology (Social sciences and society)

Ethnohistory is the study of ethnographic cultures and indigenous customs by examining historical records. It is also the study of the history of various ethnic groups that may or may not exist today. Ethnohistory uses both historical and ethnographic data as its foundation. Its historical methods and materials go beyond the standard use of documents and manuscripts. Practitioners recognize the utility of such source material as maps, music, paintings, photography, folklore, oral tradition, site exploration, archaeological materials, museum collections, enduring customs, language, and place names.

Q1: How does an someone interested in ethnohistory learn more about cultures and customs?
A1: by examining historical records
Q2: Ethnohistory can study the history of what types of groups which may or may not exist today?
A2: ethnic
Q3: What does ethnohistory use both historical and ethnographic data as?
A3: its foundation
Q4: What do the methods of ethnohistory go beyond the standard use of?
A4: documents and manuscripts
Q5: Who recognizes the utility of music, folkore and language?
A5: Practitioners
Eton_College (History)

Eton College has links with some private schools in India today, maintained from the days of the British Raj, such as The Doon School and Mayo College. Eton College is also a member of the G20 Schools Group, a collection of college preparatory boarding schools from around the world, including Turkey's Robert College, the United States' Phillips Academy and Phillips Exeter Academy, Australia's Scotch College, Melbourne Grammar School and Launceston Church Grammar School, Singapore's Raffles Institution, and Switzerland's International School of Geneva. Eton has recently fostered[when?] a relationship with the Roxbury Latin School, a traditional all-boys private school in Boston, USA. Former Eton headmaster and provost Sir Eric Anderson shares a close friendship with Roxbury Latin Headmaster emeritus F. Washington Jarvis; Anderson has visited Roxbury Latin on numerous occasions, while Jarvis briefly taught theology at Eton after retiring from his headmaster post at Roxbury Latin. The headmasters' close friendship spawned the Hennessy Scholarship, an annual prize established in 2005 and awarded to a graduating RL senior for a year of study at Eton. Hennessy Scholars generally reside in Wotton house.

Q1: Which male private school in Boston, USA has Eton formed a relationship with?
A1: Roxbury Latin School
Q2: Where do Hennessy Scholars typically reside?
A2: Wotton house
Q3: In which year was the Hennessy Scholarship founded?
A3: 2005
Q4: What is the G20 School's Group?
A4: a collection of college preparatory boarding schools from around the world
Eton_College (History)

Eton has a long list of distinguished former pupils. David Cameron is the 19th British prime minister to have attended the school, and has recommended that Eton set up a school in the state sector to help drive up standards. Eton now co-sponsors a state sixth-form college in Newham, a deprived area of East London, called the London Academy of Excellence, opened in 2012, which is free of charge and aims to get all its students into higher education. In September 2014, Eton opened, and became the sole educational sponsor for, a new purpose-built co-educational state boarding and day school for around 500 pupils, Holyport College, in Maidenhead in Berkshire, with construction costing around £15 million, in which a fifth of places for day pupils will be set aside for children from poor homes, 21 boarding places will go to youngsters on the verge of being taken into care, and a further 28 boarders will be funded or part-funded through bursaries.

Q1: How many British prime ministers attended Eton?
A1: 19
Q2: Which college in Newham does Eton College co-sponsor?
A2: London Academy of Excellence
Q3: How does London Academy of Excellence vary in cost from Eton College?
A3: free of charge
Q4: Where will Holyport College be located?
A4: Maidenhead in Berkshire
Q5: How much is construction of Holyport College predicted to cost?
A5: around £15 million
Eton_College (History)

Eton is one of ten English HMC schools, commonly referred to as "public schools", regulated by the Public Schools Act of 1868. Following the public school tradition, Eton is a full boarding school, which means all pupils live at the school, and it is one of four such remaining single-sex boys' public schools in the United Kingdom (the others being Harrow, Radley, and Winchester) to continue this practice. Eton has educated 19 British prime ministers and generations of the aristocracy and has been referred to as the chief nurse of England's statesmen. Charging up to £11,478 per term (there are three terms per academic year) in 2014/15, Eton is the sixth most expensive HMC boarding school in the UK.

Q1: How many public schools are regulated by the 1868 Public Schools Act?
A1: ten
Q2: Which type of school requires students to live at the school?
A2: boarding school
Q3: How many all-male boarding schools exist in the UK?
A3: four
Q4: How much does Eton College charge per term?
A4: up to £11,478
Q5: How does Eton College rate expense-wise with the other HMC boarding schools in the UK?
A5: sixth most expensive
Eton_College (History)

Eton's best-known holiday takes place on the so-called "Fourth of June", a celebration of the birthday of King George III, Eton's greatest patron. This day is celebrated with the Procession of Boats, in which the top rowing crews from the top four years row past in vintage wooden rowing boats. Similar to the Queen's Official Birthday, the "Fourth of June" is no longer celebrated on 4 June, but on the Wednesday before the first weekend of June. Eton also observes St. Andrew's Day, on which the Eton wall game is played.[citation needed]

Q1: What is Eton's best-known holiday?
A1: "Fourth of June"
Q2: What does the "Fourth of June" celebrate?
A2: the birthday of King George III
Q3: When is the Fourth of June celebrated?
A3: the Wednesday before the first weekend of June
Q4: Which event is held on the Fourth of June?
A4: Procession of Boats
High-definition_television (Engineering and technology)

Euro1080, a division of the former and now bankrupt Belgian TV services company Alfacam, broadcast HDTV channels to break the pan-European stalemate of "no HD broadcasts mean no HD TVs bought means no HD broadcasts ..." and kick-start HDTV interest in Europe. The HD1 channel was initially free-to-air and mainly comprised sporting, dramatic, musical and other cultural events broadcast with a multi-lingual soundtrack on a rolling schedule of 4 or 5 hours per day.

Q1: Euro1080 was a division of what former company?
A1: Alfacam
Q2: What "chicken or the egg" stalemate prompted Euro1080 to broadcast HDTV channels?
A2: "no HD broadcasts mean no HD TVs bought means no HD broadcasts ..."
Q3: What was Euro1080 hoping to kick-start by broadcasting HDTV channels?
A3: HDTV interest in Europe
Q4: How much did viewers have to pay for the HD1 channel?
A4: free-to-air
Q5: What was on HD1 for 4 or 5 hours per day?
A5: a multi-lingual soundtrack on a rolling schedule