LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Supreme_court (Language and literature)

Spanish Supreme Court is the highest court for all cases in Spain (both private and public). Only those cases related to human rights can be appealed at the Constitutional Court (which also decides about acts accordance with Spanish Constitution).
In Spain, high courts cannot create binding precedents; however, lower rank courts usually observe Supreme Court interpretations. In most private law cases, two Supreme Court judgements supporting a claim are needed to appeal at the Supreme Court.
Five sections form the Spanish Supreme court:

Q1: The Spanish Supreme Court hears all cases related to law in what areas?
A1: private and public
Q2: What types of cases can be appealed to Spain's Constitutional Court?
A2: those cases related to human rights
Q3: What is the other power of this latter court?
A3: decides about acts accordance with Spanish Constitution
Q4: High courts in Spain do not establish what for lower court rulings?
A4: binding precedents
Q5: In practicality, how do lower courts typically view the rulings of higher courts?
A5: lower rank courts usually observe Supreme Court interpretations
Guam (Geography and places)

Spanish colonization commenced on June 15, 1668 with the arrival of Diego Luis de San Vitores and Pedro Calungsod, who established the first Catholic church.:64 The islands were part of the Spanish East Indies governed from the Philippines, which were in turn part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain based in Mexico City. Other reminders of colonial times include the old Governor's Palace in Plaza de España and the Spanish Bridge, both in Hagatña. Guam's Cathedral Dulce Nombre de Maria was formally opened on February 2, 1669, as was the Royal College of San Juan de Letran.:68 Guam, along with the rest of the Mariana and Caroline Islands, were treated as part of Spain's colony in the Philippines. While Guam's Chamorro culture has indigenous roots, the cultures of both Guam and the Northern Marianas have many similarities with Spanish and Mexican culture due to three centuries of Spanish rule.

Q1: When did Spanish colonization commence?
A1: June 15, 1668
Q2: Which two Spaniards aided this colonization and started the first catholic church?
A2: Diego Luis de San Vitores and Pedro Calungsod
Q3: When did Guam's Cathedral first open?
A3: February 2, 1669
Q4: What was the name of the first Cathedral?
A4: Dulce Nombre de Maria
Marshall_Islands (Geography and places)

Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar was the first European to see the islands in 1526, commanding the ship Santa Maria de la Victoria, the only surviving vessel of the Loaísa Expedition. On August 21, he sighted an island (probably Taongi) at 14°N that he named "San Bartolome".

Q1: Which European first saw the Marshall Islands?
A1: Alonso de Salazar
Q2: What was Alonso de Salazar's nationality?
A2: Spanish
Q3: In what year did Salazar view the Marshall Islands?
A3: 1526
Q4: What was the name of Alonso de Salazar's ship?
A4: Santa Maria de la Victoria
Q5: What did Alonso de Salazar call the island that he saw?
A5: San Bartolome
Q6: Who was the first person from Europe to observe the Marshall Islands?
A6: Alonso de Salazar
Q7: What was the nationality of the first European to observe the Marshall Islands?
A7: Spanish
Q8: In what year did the first European view the Marshall Islands?
A8: 1526
Q9: What was the name of Alonso de Salazar's ship?
A9: Santa Maria de la Victoria
Q10: Which of the Marshall Islands did Salazar most likely see?
A10: Taongi
North_Carolina (Geography and places)

Spanish explorers traveling inland in the 16th century met Mississippian culture people at Joara, a regional chiefdom near present-day Morganton. Records of Hernando de Soto attested to his meeting with them in 1540. In 1567 Captain Juan Pardo led an expedition to claim the area for the Spanish colony and to establish another route to protect silver mines in Mexico. Pardo made a winter base at Joara, which he renamed Cuenca. His expedition built Fort San Juan and left a contingent of 30 men there, while Pardo traveled further, and built and garrisoned five other forts. He returned by a different route to Santa Elena on Parris Island, South Carolina, then a center of Spanish Florida. In the spring of 1568, natives killed all but one of the soldiers and burned the six forts in the interior, including the one at Fort San Juan. Although the Spanish never returned to the interior, this effort marked the first European attempt at colonization of the interior of what became the United States. A 16th-century journal by Pardo's scribe Bandera and archaeological findings since 1986 at Joara have confirmed the settlement.

Q1: In the 16th century, where did Spanish explorers meet Mississipian cultureal people?
A1: Joara
Q2: What is Joara?
A2: a regional chiefdom
Q3: Where would present day Joara be?
A3: near present-day Morganton
Q4: What was the name of the Spanish man that met the people in Joara?
A4: Hernando de Soto
Q5: What year did hernando de Soto arrive in Joara?
A5: 1540
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States (Language and literature)

Spanish is currently the most widely taught non-English language in American secondary schools and of higher education. More than 1.4 million university students were enrolled in language courses in autumn of 2002 and Spanish is the most widely taught language in American colleges and universities with 53 percent of the total number of people enrolled, followed by French (14.4%), German (7.1%), Italian (4.5%), American Sign language (4.3%), Japanese (3.7%), and Chinese (2.4%) although the totals remain relatively small in relation to the total U.S population.

Q1: What language, other than English, is spoken in the U.S.?
A1: Spanish is currently the most widely taught non-English language
Q2: Are students taught Spanish in american schools?
A2: More than 1.4 million university students were enrolled in language courses
Q3: How popular are Spanish language classes in the U.S,?
A3: Spanish is the most widely taught language in American colleges and universities with 53 percent of the total number of people enrolled
Q4: What other languages are popular among American students?
A4: French (14.4%), German (7.1%), Italian (4.5%), American Sign language (4.3%), Japanese (3.7%), and Chinese (2.4%)
Q5: Are these other languages learned in the U.S. as popular as Spanish?
A5: totals remain relatively small in relation to the total U.S population.
Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas (History)

Spanish mendicants in the sixteenth century taught indigenous scribes in their communities to write their languages in Latin letters and there is a large number of local-level documents in Nahuatl, Zapotec, Mixtec, and Yucatec Maya from the colonial era, many of which were part of lawsuits and other legal matters. Although Spaniards initially taught indigenous scribes alphabetic writing, the tradition became self-perpetuating at the local level. The Spanish crown gathered such documentation and contemporary Spanish translations were made for legal cases. Scholars have translated and analyzed these documents in what is called the New Philology to write histories of indigenous peoples from indigenous viewpoints.

Q1: Who taught indigenous scribes to write their languages?
A1: Spanish
Q2: When were indigenous scribes taught to use Latin letters?
A2: the sixteenth century
Q3: What were a large number of the local documents in regards to?
A3: lawsuits and other legal matters
Q4: What were Spanish translations at the time made for?
A4: legal cases
Q5: What viewpoint have scholars translated and analyzed documents to writes histories from?
A5: indigenous
Galicia_(Spain) (Geography and places)

Spanish was nonetheless the only official language in Galicia for more than four centuries. Over the many centuries of Castilian domination, Galician faded from day-to-day use in urban areas. The period since the re-establishment of democracy in Spain—in particular since the Lei de Normalización Lingüística ("Law of Linguistic Normalization", Ley 3/1983, 15 June 1983)—represents the first time since the introduction of mass education that a generation has attended school in Galician (Spanish is also still taught in Galician schools).

Q1: For how long was Spanish the official language of Galicia?
A1: more than four centuries
Q2: In modern times, from which year have children attended school in Galician?
A2: 1983
Q3: What was the name of the law that enacted this?
A3: Lei de Normalización Lingüística ("Law of Linguistic Normalization"
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States (Language and literature)

Spanish was the language spoken by the first permanent European settlers in North America. Spanish arrived in the territory of the modern United States with Ponce de León in 1513. In 1565, the Spaniards, by way of Juan Ponce de León, founded St. Augustine, Florida, and as of the early 1800s, it became the oldest continuously occupied European settlement in the continental United States. The oldest city in all of the U.S. territory, as of 1898, is San Juan, capital of Puerto Rico, where Juan Ponce De León was its first governor

Q1: When did the Spanish arrive to America?
A1: Spanish arrived in the territory of the modern United States with Ponce de León in 1513.
Q2: Did Europeans speak Spanish in America?
A2: Spanish was the language spoken by the first permanent European settlers in North America.
Q3: Where is the oldest settlement in America?
A3: St. Augustine, Florida
Q4: What is the oldest city of the United States territory?
A4: The oldest city in all of the U.S. territory, as of 1898, is San Juan, capital of Puerto Rico
Q5: How was St. Augustine founded?
A5: the Spaniards, by way of Juan Ponce de León, founded St. Augustine, Florida
Hellenistic_period (History)

Sparta remained independent, but it was no longer the leading military power in the Peloponnese. The Spartan king Cleomenes III (235–222 BCE) staged a military coup against the conservative ephors and pushed through radical social and land reforms in order to increase the size of the shrinking Spartan citizenry able to provide military service and restore Spartan power. Sparta's bid for supremacy was crushed at the Battle of Sellasia (222) by the Achaean league and Macedon, who restored the power of the ephors.

Q1: What years did Cleomenes III rule?
A1: 235–222 BCE
Q2: In 222 BCE, Sparta lost what Battle?
A2: Battle of Sellasia
Q3: Who was defeated at the Battle of Sellasia?
A3: Sparta
Q4: What was Sparta's afilliation in the Peloponnese?
A4: independent
Dwight_D._Eisenhower (History)

Speaker Martin concluded that Eisenhower worked too much through subordinates in dealing with Congress, with results, "often the reverse of what he has desired" because Members of Congress, "resent having some young fellow who was picked up by the White House without ever having been elected to office himself coming around and telling them 'The Chief wants this'. The administration never made use of many Republicans of consequence whose services in one form or another would have been available for the asking."

Q1: What did Martin think Eisenhower did too much of in his relations with Congress?
A1: worked too much through subordinates
Q2: As a result of Eisenhower's actions toward Congress, what did Martin think Congress often gave him?
A2: reverse of what he has desired
Q3: Who did Martin think Eisenhower should have made better use of?
A3: Republicans of consequence
Aircraft_carrier (Warfare)

Speaking in St. Petersburg, Russia on 30 June 2011, the head of Russia's United Shipbuilding Corporation said his company expected to begin design work for a new carrier in 2016, with a goal of beginning construction in 2018 and having the carrier achieve initial operational capability by 2023. Several months later, on 3 November 2011 the Russian newspaper Izvestiya reported that the naval building plan now included (first) the construction of a new shipyard capable of building large hull ships, after which Moscow will build two (80,000 tons full load each) nuclear-powered aircraft carriers by 2027. The spokesperson said one carrier would be assigned to the Russian Navy's Northern Fleet at Murmansk, and the second would be stationed with the Pacific Fleet at Vladivostok.

Q1: When did Russia's United Shipbuilding Corporation expect to begin design work for a new carrier?
A1: 2016
Q2: What year was the goal for Russia's new carrier to achieve initial operational capability?
A2: 2023
Q3: What was Izvestiya?
A3: Russian newspaper
Q4: Where was the Northern Fleets nuclear-powered aircraft carrier supposed to be stationed?
A4: Murmansk
Q5: Where was the Pacific Fleets nuclear-powered aircraft carrier supposed to be stationed?
A5: Vladivostok
United_States_Air_Force (Warfare)

Special Operations are "operations conducted in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments to achieve military, diplomatic, informational, and/or economic objectives employing military capabilities for which there is no broad conventional force requirement. These operations may require covert, clandestine, or low-visibility capabilities. Special operations are applicable across the ROMO. They can be conducted independently or in conjunction with operations of conventional forces or other government agencies and may include operations through, with, or by indigenous or surrogate forces. Special operations differ from conventional operations in degree of physical and political risk, operational techniques, mode of employment, independence from friendly support, and dependence on detailed operational intelligence and indigenous assets" (JP 1-02).

Q1: What are Special Operations? 
A1: operations conducted in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments
Q2: What are the goals of Special Operations? 
A2: achieve military, diplomatic, informational, and/or economic objectives
Q3: What kind of forces can Special Operations missions employ? 
A3: indigenous or surrogate
Q4: What is one of the ways that Special Operations is different from conventional methods?
A4: dependence on detailed operational intelligence
The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess (Video games)

Special bundles of the game contain a Wolf Link Amiibo figurine, which unlocks a Wii U-exclusive dungeon called the "Cave of Shadows" and can carry data over to the upcoming 2016 Zelda game. Other Zelda-related Amiibo figurines have distinct functions: Link and Toon Link replenish arrows, Zelda and Sheik restore Link's health, and Ganondorf causes Link to take twice as much damage.

Q1: What special item is included with certain versions of Twilight Princess HD?
A1: Wolf Link Amiibo figurine
Q2: Which two Amiibo figures reload Link's stock of arrows?
A2: Link and Toon Link
Q3: Which two Amiibo figures heal Link?
A3: Zelda and Sheik
Q4: Which Amiibo figure makes Link lose more health when attacked?
A4: Ganondorf
Q5: What is the name of the area that players with the Wolf Link Amiibo can access?
A5: Cave of Shadows
Q6: What will special bundles of the game contain?
A6: Wolf Link Amiibo
Q7: What is the level called that the special Amiibo will unlock?
A7: Cave of Shadows
Q8: What characters will be able to replenish arrows?
A8: Link and Toon
Q9: What figures restore health?
A9: Zelda and Sheik
Professional_wrestling (Sports and recreation)

Special guest referees may be used from time to time; by virtue of their celebrity status, they are often scripted to dispense with the appearance of neutrality and use their influence to unfairly influence the outcome of the match for added dramatic impact. Face special referees will often fight back against hostile heel wrestlers, particularly if the special referee is either a wrestler themselves or a famous martial artist (such as Tito Ortiz in the main event at TNA's THard Justice in 2005). They also have the power to eject from ringside any of the heel wrestler's entourage/stable, who may otherwise interfere with the match.

Q1: What kind of referees are occasionally used?
A1: Special guest referees may be used from time to time;
Q2: What are famous referees directed to do?
A2: often scripted to dispense with the appearance of neutrality and use their influence to unfairly influence the outcome of the match for added dramatic impact. F
Q3: What do special referees have the ability to do?
A3: They also have the power to eject from ringside any of the heel wrestler's entourage/stable, who may otherwise interfere with the match.
Royal_assent (History)

Special procedures apply to legislation passed by Tynwald, the legislature of the Isle of Man. Before the lordship of the Island was purchased by the British Crown in 1765 (the Revestment), the assent of the Lord of Mann to a bill was signified by letter to the governor. After 1765, royal assent was at first signified by letter from the Secretary of State to the governor; but, during the British Regency, the practice began of granting royal assent by Order in Council, which continues to this day, though limited to exceptional cases since 1981.

Q1: What term refers to the legislature of the Isle of man?
A1: Tynwald
Q2: In what year was lordship of the Isle of Man purchased?
A2: 1765
Q3: What does the term the Revestment refer to?
A3: lordship of the Island was purchased by the British Crown in 1765
Q4: How is royal assent currently granted in the Isle of Man?
A4: Order in Council
Q5: Previous to the Order in Council method, how was royal assent passed previously within the Isle of Man?
A5: by letter from the Secretary of State to the governor
The_Blitz (History)

Special units, such as KGr 100, became the Beleuchtergruppe (Firelighter Group), which used incendiaries and high explosive to mark the target area. The tactic was expanded into Feuerleitung (Blaze Control) with the creation of Brandbombenfelder (Incendiary Fields) to mark targets. These were marked out by parachute flares. Then bombers carrying SC 1000 (1,000 kg (2,205 lb)), SC 1400 (1,400 kg (3,086 lb)), and SC 1800 (1,800 kg (3,968 lb)) "Satan" bombs were used to level streets and residential areas. By December, the SC 2500 (2,500 kg (5,512 lb)) "Max" bomb was used.

Q1: What was the group that used incendiaries and high explosives to mark targets?
A1: Beleuchtergruppe
Q2: The Feuerleitung (Blaze Control) tactic led to what creation for marking targets?
A2: Brandbombenfelder (Incendiary Fields)
Q3: What was the nickname of bombs used in streets and residential areas?
A3: "Satan"
Q4: What was the weight of the "Max" bomb?
A4: 2,500 kg (5,512 lb)
Comics (Language and literature)

Specialized comics periodicals formats vary greatly in different cultures. Comic books, primarily an American format, are thin periodicals usually published in colour. European and Japanese comics are frequently serialized in magazines—monthly or weekly in Europe, and usually black-and-white and weekly in Japan. Japanese comics magazine typically run to hundreds of pages.

Q1: Where do serialized comics in Japan typically appear?
A1: magazines
Q2: How often are European serialized comics in magazines?
A2: monthly or weekly
Q3: How often do serialized comics typically appear in Japanese magazines?
A3: weekly
Q4: How long is the typical Japanese comic magazine?
A4: hundreds of pages
Botany (Natural sciences)

Species boundaries in plants may be weaker than in animals, and cross species hybrids are often possible. A familiar example is peppermint, Mentha × piperita, a sterile hybrid between Mentha aquatica and spearmint, Mentha spicata. The many cultivated varieties of wheat are the result of multiple inter- and intra-specific crosses between wild species and their hybrids. Angiosperms with monoecious flowers often have self-incompatibility mechanisms that operate between the pollen and stigma so that the pollen either fails to reach the stigma or fails to germinate and produce male gametes. This is one of several methods used by plants to promote outcrossing. In many land plants the male and female gametes are produced by separate individuals. These species are said to be dioecious when referring to vascular plant sporophytes and dioicous when referring to bryophyte gametophytes.

Q1: Are plants able to mate across species?
A1: hybrids are often possible
Q2: What common grain is the result cultivated wild hybrids?
A2: wheat
Q3: How do some plants avoid cross pollination?
A3: pollen either fails to reach the stigma
Q4: Do all plants have male and female parts?
A4: separate individuals
Bird_migration (Natural sciences)

Species that have no long-distance migratory relatives, such as the waxwings Bombycilla, are effectively moving in response to winter weather and the loss of their usual winter food, rather than enhanced breeding opportunities.

Q1: What species has no long-distance migratory relatives?
A1: the waxwings Bombycilla
Q2: What are the waxwings Bombycilla moving in response to?
A2: winter weather and the loss of their usual winter food
Q3: Why are the waxwing Bombycilla not migrating for?
A3: enhanced breeding opportunities
United_States_Air_Force (Warfare)

Specific concerns include a compounded inability for the Air Force to replace its aging fleet, and an overall reduction of strength and readiness. The USAF attempted to make these adjustments by primarily cutting the Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve aircraft fleets and their associated manpower, but Congress reversed this initiative and the majority of the lost manpower will come from the active forces. However, Congress did allow for $208 million of reprogramming from fleet modernization to enable some portion of the third of the grounded fleet to resume operations.

Q1: What is one of the concerns of the Air Force? 
A1: replace its aging fleet
Q2: How did the USAF try to make these adjustments to help with strength and readiness of its fleet? 
A2: cutting the Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve aircraft fleets
Q3: How much money did Congress give to the USAF to enable them to replace some of the grounded fleet? 
A3: $208 million
Slavs (History)

Specific studies of Slavic genetics followed. In 2007 Rębała and colleagues studied several Slavic populations with the aim of localizing the Proto-Slavic homeland. The significant findings of this study are that:

Q1: When did Rębała and colleagues studied several Slavic populations with the aim of localizing the Proto-Slavic homeland?
A1: 2007
Q2: Who studied several Slavic populations with the aim of localizing the Proto-Slavic homeland?
A2: Rębała
Q3: In 2007 Rębała and colleagues studied several Slavic populations with the aim of localizing what?
A3: the Proto-Slavic homeland
Lighting (Engineering and technology)

Specification of illumination requirements is the basic concept of deciding how much illumination is required for a given task. Clearly, much less light is required to illuminate a hallway compared to that needed for a word processing work station. Generally speaking, the energy expended is proportional to the design illumination level. For example, a lighting level of 400 lux might be chosen for a work environment involving meeting rooms and conferences, whereas a level of 80 lux could be selected for building hallways. If the hallway standard simply emulates the conference room needs, then much more energy will be consumed than is needed. Unfortunately, most of the lighting standards even today have been specified by industrial groups who manufacture and sell lighting, so that a historical commercial bias exists in designing most building lighting, especially for office and industrial settings.

Q1: What is a basic concept of deciding how much illumination is required for a given task? 
A1: Specification of illumination requirements