LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Intellectual_property (History)

A patent is a form of right granted by the government to an inventor, giving the owner the right to exclude others from making, using, selling, offering to sell, and importing an invention for a limited period of time, in exchange for the public disclosure of the invention. An invention is a solution to a specific technological problem, which may be a product or a process and generally has to fulfil three main requirements: it has to be new, not obvious and there needs to be an industrial applicability.:17

Q1: Who grants a patent?
A1: the government
Q2: Who is a patent granted to?
A2: an inventor
Q3: How many requirements does an invention need to fulfill for a patent?
A3: three
Q4: An invention is a solution to what type of problem?
A4: technological
Q5: What is a patent offered in exchange for?
A5: public disclosure of the invention
Religion_in_ancient_Rome (History)

A pater familias was the senior priest of his household. He offered daily cult to his lares and penates, and to his di parentes/divi parentes at his domestic shrines and in the fires of the household hearth. His wife (mater familias) was responsible for the household's cult to Vesta. In rural estates, bailiffs seem to have been responsible for at least some of the household shrines (lararia) and their deities. Household cults had state counterparts. In Vergil's Aeneid, Aeneas brought the Trojan cult of the lares and penates from Troy, along with the Palladium which was later installed in the temple of Vesta.

Q1: Who was the senior priest of the household in Rome?
A1: pater familias
Q2: Which individual in the household was responsible for the Vesta cult?
A2: wife
Q3: Which ancient hero brought the lares cult to Rome?
A3: Aeneas
Q4: From what city did Aeneas bring the lares cult?
A4: Troy
Q5: What was put in the temple of Vesta?
A5: Palladium
Florida (Geography and places)

A peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida, it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. The American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park.

Q1: What is the longest Contiguous Coastline in the US 
A1: it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles
Q2: What level is most of the land in florida 
A2: Much of the state is at or near sea level
Q3: What is the florida climate 
A3: The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south
Q4: Some animals and reptiles native to Florida 
A4: American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee
Q5: Name a National Park in Florida 
A5: Everglades National Park
Labour_Party_(UK) (Geography and places)

A perceived turning point was when Blair controversially allied himself with US President George W. Bush in supporting the Iraq War, which caused him to lose much of his political support. The UN Secretary-General, among many, considered the war illegal. The Iraq War was deeply unpopular in most western countries, with Western governments divided in their support and under pressure from worldwide popular protests. The decisions that led up to the Iraq war and its subsequent conduct are currently the subject of Sir John Chilcot's Iraq Inquiry.

Q1: Who did Tony Blair side with?
A1: President George W. Bush
Q2: Why did Blair side with Bush?
A2: the Iraq War
Q3: Who has an active Iraq War inquiry?
A3: Sir John Chilcot
Q4: Was the idea of the Iraq War popular or unpopular in Western countries?
A4: deeply unpopular
Liberal_Party_of_Australia (History)

A period of division for the Liberals followed, with former Treasurer John Howard competing with former Foreign Minister Andrew Peacock for supremacy. The Australian economy was facing the early 1990s recession. Unemployment reached 11.4% in 1992. Under Dr John Hewson, in November 1991, the opposition launched the 650-page Fightback! policy document − a radical collection of "dry", economic liberal measures including the introduction of a Goods and Services Tax (GST), various changes to Medicare including the abolition of bulk billing for non-concession holders, the introduction of a nine-month limit on unemployment benefits, various changes to industrial relations including the abolition of awards, a $13 billion personal income tax cut directed at middle and upper income earners, $10 billion in government spending cuts, the abolition of state payroll taxes and the privatisation of a large number of government owned enterprises − representing the start of a very different future direction to the keynesian economic conservatism practiced by previous Liberal/National Coalition governments. The 15 percent GST was the centerpiece of the policy document. Through 1992, Labor Prime Minister Paul Keating mounted a campaign against the Fightback package, and particularly against the GST, which he described as an attack on the working class in that it shifted the tax burden from direct taxation of the wealthy to indirect taxation as a broad-based consumption tax. Pressure group activity and public opinion was relentless, which led Hewson to exempt food from the proposed GST − leading to questions surrounding the complexity of what food was and wasn't to be exempt from the GST. Hewson's difficulty in explaining this to the electorate was exemplified in the infamous birthday cake interview, considered by some as a turning point in the election campaign. Keating won a record fifth consecutive Labor term at the 1993 election. A number of the proposals were later adopted in to law in some form, to a small extent during the Keating Labor government, and to a larger extent during the Howard Liberal government (most famously the GST), while unemployment benefits and bulk billing were re-targeted for a time by the Abbott Liberal government.

Q1: Which two title holders fought for political power in the early 1990s?
A1: former Treasurer John Howard competing with former Foreign Minister Andrew Peacock
Q2: What was the Australian unemployment rate in 1992?
A2: 11.4%
Q3: What discussion proved an example of the difficulty of explaining what foods were and were not included in the Goods and Services Tax?
A3: the infamous birthday cake interview
New_York_City (Geography and places)

A permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 – making New York the 12th oldest continuously occupied European-established settlement in the continental United States  – with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on a citadel and a Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island, later called New Amsterdam (Nieuw Amsterdam). The colony of New Amsterdam was centered at the site which would eventually become Lower Manhattan. The Dutch colonial Director-General Peter Minuit purchased the island of Manhattan from the Canarsie, a small band of the Lenape, in 1626 for a value of 60 guilders (about $1000 in 2006); a disproved legend says that Manhattan was purchased for $24 worth of glass beads.

Q1: On what island did the Dutch set up a settlement to trade furs?
A1: Governors Island
Q2: On what island was Fort Amsterdam built?
A2: Manhattan Island
Q3: In what year did construction begin on Fort Amsterdam?
A3: 1625
Q4: What person bought Manhattan from the Canarsie for the Dutch?
A4: Peter Minuit
Q5: In what year did the Dutch buy Manhattan?
A5: 1626
Q6: New Netherland established a permanent European presence in what year?
A6: 1624
Q7: What year did building begin of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island?
A7: 1625
Q8: What was the myth that Manhattan was bought for by General Peter Minuit ?
A8: glass beads
Uranium (Natural sciences)

A person can be exposed to uranium (or its radioactive daughters, such as radon) by inhaling dust in air or by ingesting contaminated water and food. The amount of uranium in air is usually very small; however, people who work in factories that process phosphate fertilizers, live near government facilities that made or tested nuclear weapons, live or work near a modern battlefield where depleted uranium weapons have been used, or live or work near a coal-fired power plant, facilities that mine or process uranium ore, or enrich uranium for reactor fuel, may have increased exposure to uranium. Houses or structures that are over uranium deposits (either natural or man-made slag deposits) may have an increased incidence of exposure to radon gas. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the permissible exposure limit for uranium exposure in the workplace as 0.25 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 0.2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday and a short-term limit of 0.6 mg/m3. At levels of 10 mg/m3, uranium is immediately dangerous to life and health.

Q1: What is OSHA?
A1: Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Q2: What is the OSHA uranium exposure limit for an 8-hour workday?
A2: 0.25 mg/m3
Q3: What does REL stand for?
A3: recommended exposure limit
Q4: What is the NIOSH uranium exposure standard over an 8-hour workday?
A4: 0.2 mg/m3
Q5: At what level of exposure does uranium become imminently dangerous to health?
A5: 10 mg/m3
Ann_Arbor,_Michigan (History)

A person from Ann Arbor is called an "Ann Arborite", and many long-time residents call themselves "townies". The city itself is often called "A²" ("A-squared") or "A2" ("A two") or "AA", "The Deuce" (mainly by Chicagoans), and "Tree Town". With tongue-in-cheek reference to the city's liberal political leanings, some occasionally refer to Ann Arbor as "The People's Republic of Ann Arbor" or "25 square miles surrounded by reality", the latter phrase being adapted from Wisconsin Governor Lee Dreyfus's description of Madison, Wisconsin. In A Prairie Home Companion broadcast from Ann Arbor, Garrison Keillor described Ann Arbor as "a city where people discuss socialism, but only in the fanciest restaurants." Ann Arbor sometimes appears on citation indexes as an author, instead of a location, often with the academic degree MI, a misunderstanding of the abbreviation for Michigan. Ann Arbor has become increasingly gentrified in recent years.

Q1: What is a person from Ann Arbor called?
A1: Ann Arborite
Q2: In recent years what has Ann Arbor become?
A2: gentrified
Q3: Which city is referred to as the "People's Republic of Ann Arbor"?
A3: Ann Arbor
Identity_(social_science) (Philosophy and religion)

A person may display either relative weakness or relative strength in terms of both exploration and commitments. When assigned categories, four possible permutations result: identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity moratorium, and identity achievement. Diffusion is when a person lacks both exploration in life and interest in committing even to those unchosen roles that he or she occupies. Foreclosure is when a person has not chosen extensively in the past, but seems willing to commit to some relevant values, goals, or roles in the future. Moratorium is when a person displays a kind of flightiness, ready to make choices but unable to commit to them. Finally, achievement is when a person makes identity choices and commits to them.

Q1: What may a person display in terms of both exploration and commitments?
A1: relative weakness or relative strength
Q2: What is the permutation when a person lacks exploration and commitment?
A2: identity diffusion
Q3: What is the permutation when a person has not chosen goals in the past but is willing to in the future?
A3: identity foreclosure
Q4: What is the permutation when a person is ready to make commitments but unable to commit?
A4: identity moratorium
Q5: What is the permutation when a person commits to identity choices?
A5: identity achievement
Pain (Language and literature)

A person's self-report is the most reliable measure of pain, with health care professionals tending to underestimate severity. A definition of pain widely employed in nursing, emphasizing its subjective nature and the importance of believing patient reports, was introduced by Margo McCaffery in 1968: "Pain is whatever the experiencing person says it is, existing whenever he says it does". To assess intensity, the patient may be asked to locate their pain on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 being no pain at all, and 10 the worst pain they have ever felt. Quality can be established by having the patient complete the McGill Pain Questionnaire indicating which words best describe their pain.

Q1: What is the most reliable measure of pain?
A1: person's self-report
Q2: What do health-care professionals tend to underestimate? 
A2: severity
Q3: What did Margo McCaffery introduce in 1968?
A3: definition of pain
Q4: What scale might a patient be asked to locate their pain on?
A4: 0 to 10
Q5: What are patients asked to use the McGill Pain Questionnaire to indicate?
A5: which words best describe their pain
USB (Engineering and technology)

A physical USB device may consist of several logical sub-devices that are referred to as device functions. A single device may provide several functions, for example, a webcam (video device function) with a built-in microphone (audio device function). This kind of device is called a composite device. An alternative to this is compound device, in which the host assigns each logical device a distinctive address and all logical devices connect to a built-in hub that connects to the physical USB cable.

Q1: What are logical sub-devices referred to as?
A1: device functions
Q2: A single device can provide an audio device function such as?
A2: built-in microphone
Q3: A single device can provide a video device function such as?
A3: a webcam
Anti-aircraft_warfare (Warfare)

A plethora of anti-aircraft gun systems of smaller calibre were available to the German Wehrmacht combined forces, and among them the 1940-origin Flakvierling quadruple-20 mm-gun antiaircraft weapon system was one of the most often-seen weapons, seeing service on both land and sea. The similar Allied smaller-calibre air-defence weapons systems of the American forces were also quite capable, although they receive little attention. Their needs could cogently be met with smaller-calibre ordnance beyond using the usual singly-mounted M2 .50 caliber machine gun atop a tank's turret, as four of the ground-used "heavy barrel" (M2HB) guns were mounted together on the American Maxson firm's M45 Quadmount weapons system (as a direct answer to the Flakvierling),which were often mounted on the back of a half-track to form the Half Track, M16 GMC, Anti-Aircraft. Although of less power than Germany's 20 mm systems, the typical 4 or 5 combat batteries of an Army AAA battalion were often spread many kilometers apart from each other, rapidly attaching and detaching to larger ground combat units to provide welcome defence from enemy aircraft.

Q1: What was one of the most often seen weapons that was used both on land and sea?
A1: 1940-origin Flakvierling quadruple-20 mm-gun antiaircraft weapon system
Q2: What weapons system did American troops use but received minute attention?
A2: Allied smaller-calibre air-defence weapons systems
Q3: How many of the M2HB guns were mounted together on the M45 Quadmount weapons system?
A3: four
Q4: This system was a direct answer to what?
A4: the Flakvierling
Q5: The combat batteries of an Army AAA battalion were often spread how far apart from each other?
A5: many kilometers
Police (Social sciences and society)

A police force is a constituted body of persons empowered by the state to enforce the law, protect property, and limit civil disorder. Their powers include the legitimized use of force. The term is most commonly associated with police services of a sovereign state that are authorized to exercise the police power of that state within a defined legal or territorial area of responsibility. Police forces are often defined as being separate from military or other organizations involved in the defense of the state against foreign aggressors; however, gendarmerie are military units charged with civil policing.

Q1: What does the state want a police force to do?
A1: enforce the law, protect property, and limit civil disorder
Q2: What are gendarmerie?
A2: military units charged with civil policing
Q3: What are police usually separate from?
A3: military or other organizations involved in the defense of the state against foreign aggressors
Political_party (Social sciences and society)

A political party is typically led by a party leader (the most powerful member and spokesperson representing the party), a party secretary (who maintains the daily work and records of party meetings), party treasurer (who is responsible for membership dues) and party chair (who forms strategies for recruiting and retaining party members, and also chairs party meetings). Most of the above positions are also members of the party executive, the leading organization which sets policy for the entire party at the national level. The structure is far more decentralized in the United States because of the separation of powers, federalism and the multiplicity of economic interests and religious sects. Even state parties are decentralized as county and other local committees are largely independent of state central committees. The national party leader in the U.S. will be the president, if the party holds that office, or a prominent member of Congress in opposition (although a big-state governor may aspire to that role). Officially, each party has a chairman for its national committee who is a prominent spokesman, organizer and fund-raiser, but without the status of prominent elected office holders.

Q1: Do political parties have a Party leader?
A1: A political party is typically led by a party leader
Q2: Who maintains the daily work and records of party meetings?
A2: party secretary
Q3: Who is responsible for the membership fees and expenses? 
A3: party treasurer
Q4: Who is responsible for recruiting and maintaining party members?
A4: party chair
Adult_contemporary_music (Music)

A popular trend in this era was remixing dance music hits into adult contemporary ballads, especially in the US, (for example, the "Candlelight Mix" versions of "Heaven" by DJ Sammy, "Listen To Your Heart" by D.H.T., and "Everytime We Touch" by Cascada). Adult contemporary has long characterized itself as family-friendly, but edited versions of "Perfect" by P!nk and "Forget You" by Cee Lo Green showed up in the format in 2011.

Q1: What was the name of DJ Sammy's mix of "Heaven"?
A1: the "Candlelight Mix"
Q2: Who recorded the song "Listen To Your Heart"?
A2: D.H.T.
Q3: Who is known for the song "Everytime We Touch"?
A3: Cascada
Q4: What artist performed the song "Forget You"?
A4: Cee Lo Green
Q5: What version of P!nk's "Perfect" appeared on adult contemporary radio in 2011?
A5: edited
Adolescence (Natural sciences)

A potential important influence on adolescence is change of the family dynamic, specifically divorce. With the divorce rate up to about 50%, divorce is common and adds to the already great amount of change in adolescence. Custody disputes soon after a divorce often reflect a playing out of control battles and ambivalence between parents. Divorce usually results in less contact between the adolescent and their noncustodial parent. In extreme cases of instability and abuse in homes, divorce can have a positive effect on families due to less conflict in the home. However, most research suggests a negative effect on adolescence as well as later development. A recent study found that, compared with peers who grow up in stable post-divorce families, children of divorce who experience additional family transitions during late adolescence, make less progress in their math and social studies performance over time. Another recent study put forth a new theory entitled the adolescent epistemological trauma theory, which posited that traumatic life events such as parental divorce during the formative period of late adolescence portend lifelong effects on adult conflict behavior that can be mitigated by effective behavioral assessment and training. A parental divorce during childhood or adolescence continues to have a negative effect when a person is in his or her twenties and early thirties. These negative effects include romantic relationships and conflict style, meaning as adults, they are more likely to use the styles of avoidance and competing in conflict management.

Q1: What is the current divorce rate?
A1: about 50%
Q2: Does divorce usually result in more or less contact with the noncustodial parent?
A2: less
Q3: What new theory states that traumatic events during adolescence have lifelong effects?
A3: epistemological trauma theory
Q4: Does a parental divorce during childhood or adulthood have a positive or negative effect on a person during early adulthood?
A4: negative
Franco-Prussian_War (History)

A pre-war plan laid out by the late Marshal Niel called for a strong French offensive from Thionville towards Trier and into the Prussian Rhineland. This plan was discarded in favour of a defensive plan by Generals Charles Frossard and Bartélemy Lebrun, which called for the Army of the Rhine to remain in a defensive posture near the German border and repel any Prussian offensive. As Austria along with Bavaria, Württemberg and Baden were expected to join in a revenge war against Prussia, I Corps would invade the Bavarian Palatinate and proceed to "free" the South German states in concert with Austro-Hungarian forces. VI Corps would reinforce either army as needed.

Q1: Pre-war, who planned for a strong French offensive?
A1: Marshal Niel
Q2: From Thionville towards Trier, what was the final destination of the offensive?
A2: the Prussian Rhineland
Q3: Niel's plan was cast aside in favour of a plan by General Frossard and what other general??
A3: Bartélemy Lebrun
Q4: The new plan called for which army to remain in a defensive grouping at the German border?
A4: Army of the Rhine