LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Virgil (Language and literature)

In the Late Empire and Middle Ages Vergilius was spelled Virgilius. Two explanations are commonly given for this alteration. One deduces a false etymology associated with the word virgo ("maiden" in Latin) due to Virgil's excessive, "maiden"-like modesty. Alternatively, some argue that Vergilius was altered to Virgilius by analogy with the Latin virga ("wand") due to the magical or prophetic powers attributed to Virgil in the Middle Ages (this explanation is found in only a handful of manuscripts, however, and was probably not widespread). In Norman schools (following the French practice), the habit was to anglicize Latin names by dropping their Latin endings, hence Virgil. In the 19th century, some German-trained classicists in the United States suggested modification to Vergil, as it is closer to his original name, and is also the traditional German spelling.[citation needed] Modern usage permits both, though the Oxford guide to style recommends Vergilius to avoid confusion with the 8th-century grammarian Virgilius Maro Grammaticus. Some post-Renaissance writers liked to affect the sobriquet "The Swan of Mantua".[citation needed]

Q1: Besides Virgilius, which other spelling is permitted in modern usage?
A1: Vergilius
Q2: During which time period was Vergilius spelled Virgilius?
A2: Late Empire and Middle Ages
Q3: In what century did some German-trained classicists in the US suggest modifying the common usage to Vergil?
A3: 19th
Q4: Which style guide recommends using Vergilius to avoid confusion with Virgilius Maro Grammaticus?
A4: Oxford
Catalan_language (Language and literature)

In the Low Middle Ages, Catalan went through a golden age, reaching a peak of maturity and cultural richness. Examples include the work of Majorcan polymath Ramon Llull (1232–1315), the Four Great Chronicles (13th–14th centuries), and the Valencian school of poetry culminating in Ausiàs March (1397–1459). By the 15th century, the city of Valencia had become the sociocultural center of the Crown of Aragon, and Catalan was present all over the Mediterranean world. During this period, the Royal Chancery propagated a highly standardized language. Catalan was widely used as an official language in Sicily until the 15th century, and in Sardinia until the 17th. During this period, the language was what Costa Carreras terms "one of the 'great languages' of medieval Europe".

Q1: When was the golden age of Catalan?
A1: Low Middle Ages
Q2: Where was the center of the Crown of Aragon?
A2: city of Valencia
Q3: What was the official language of Sicily until the 15th century?
A3: Catalan
Q4: Until what century was Catalan used as the official language in Sardinia?
A4: 17th
Q5: Who called Catalan one of the great languages?
A5: Costa Carreras
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

In the Mahayana, the Buddha tends not to be viewed as merely human, but as the earthly projection of a beginningless and endless, omnipresent being (see Dharmakaya) beyond the range and reach of thought. Moreover, in certain Mahayana sutras, the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are viewed essentially as One: all three are seen as the eternal Buddha himself.

Q1: In the Mahayana, who is thought to be an omnipresent being?
A1: Buddha
Q2: Who is thought to be beyond the range and reach of thought?
A2: Buddha
Q3: In what sutras are the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha viewed as One?
A3: Mahayana
Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union (History)

In the March 26 general elections, voter participation was an impressive 89.8%, and 1,958 (including 1,225 district seats) of the 2,250 CPD seats were filled. In district races, run-off elections were held in 76 constituencies on April 2 and 9 and fresh elections were organized on April 20 and 14 to May 23, in the 199 remaining constituencies where the required absolute majority was not attained. While most CPSU-endorsed candidates were elected, more than 300 lost to independent candidates such as Yeltsin, physicist Andrei Sakharov and lawyer Anatoly Sobchak.

Q1: What percentage of people voted on March 26?
A1: 89.8%
Q2: How many constituencies had run-off elections?
A2: 76
Q3: How many CPSU endorsement having candidates lost to independents?
A3: more than 300
American_Idol (Music)

In the May 23 season finale, Jordin Sparks was declared the winner with the runner-up being Blake Lewis. Sparks has had some success as a recording artist post-Idol.

Q1: Who was the winner of American Idols sixth season?
A1: Jordin Sparks
Q2: Who came in second on season six of American Idol?
A2: Blake Lewis
Q3: On what date did American Idol air its season six finale?
A3: May 23
Q4: When was the finale aired?
A4: May 23
Q5: Which contestant won the season?
A5: Jordin Sparks
Mexico_City (Geography and places)

In the Mexico City airport, the government engaged in an extensive restructuring program that includes the addition of a new second terminal, which began operations in 2007, and the enlargement of four other airports (at the nearby cities of Toluca, Querétaro, Puebla and Cuernavaca) that, along with Mexico City's airport, comprise the Grupo Aeroportuario del Valle de México, distributing traffic to different regions in Mexico. The city of Pachuca will also provide additional expansion to central Mexico's airport network. Mexico City's airport is the main hub for 11 of the 21 national airline companies.

Q1: When did the second terminal open at the Mexico City Airport?
A1: 2007
Q2: How many national airlines are there in Mexico?
A2: 21
Q3: How many of the main Mexican airlines are based in Mexico City?
A3: 11
Q4: What is the new city that will be added to the group of Mexican Airports around Mexico City?
A4: Pachuca
Virgil (Language and literature)

In the Middle Ages, Virgil's reputation was such that it inspired legends associating him with magic and prophecy. From at least the 3rd century, Christian thinkers interpreted Eclogues 4, which describes the birth of a boy ushering in a golden age, as a prediction of Jesus' birth. As such, Virgil came to be seen on a similar level as the Hebrew prophets of the Bible as one who had heralded Christianity.

Q1: Which of Virgil's works was said by some to have predicted Jesus' birth?
A1: Eclogues 4
Q2: Which religion did some consider Virgil to have heralded in?
A2: Christianity
Q3: During which time period did Virgil's reputation inspire legends associating him with magic and prophecy?
A3: Middle Ages
Somalis (Geography and places)

In the Middle Ages, several powerful Somali empires dominated the regional trade including the Ajuran Sultanate, which excelled in hydraulic engineering and fortress building, the Sultanate of Adal, whose general Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Ahmed Gurey) was the first commander to use cannon warfare on the continent during Adal's conquest of the Ethiopian Empire, and the Sultanate of the Geledi, whose military dominance forced governors of the Omani empire north of the city of Lamu to pay tribute to the Somali Sultan Ahmed Yusuf.

Q1: What Somali polity of the Middle Ages was known for its fortresses?
A1: the Ajuran Sultanate
Q2: What state employed Abmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi?
A2: the Sultanate of Adal
Q3: What was another name by which Abmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi was known?
A3: Ahmed Gurey
Q4: What state did Adal conquer?
A4: the Ethiopian Empire
Q5: What Somali leader received tribute from the Omani empire?
A5: Sultan Ahmed Yusuf
Protestantism (Philosophy and religion)

In the Middle Ages, the Church and the worldly authorities were closely related. Martin Luther separated the religious and the worldly realms in principle (doctrine of the two kingdoms). The believers were obliged to use reason to govern the worldly sphere in an orderly and peaceful way. Luther's doctrine of the priesthood of all believers upgraded the role of laymen in the church considerably. The members of a congregation had the right to elect a minister and, if necessary, to vote for his dismissal (Treatise On the right and authority of a Christian assembly or congregation to judge all doctrines and to call, install and dismiss teachers, as testified in Scripture; 1523). Calvin strengthened this basically democratic approach by including elected laymen (church elders, presbyters) in his representative church government. The Huguenots added regional synods and a national synod, whose members were elected by the congregations, to Calvin's system of church self-government. This system was taken over by the other reformed churches.

Q1: What was the name of the doctrine that separated church and non-religious affairs?
A1: doctrine of the two kingdoms
Q2: When was the treatise that allowed a congregation to elect or remove a minister?
A2: 1523
Q3: Who added the election of laymen to church government?
A3: Calvin
Q4: Who added synods to church government?
A4: The Huguenots
Q5: What were Luther's followers advised to use when governing worldly affairs?
A5: reason
Buckingham_Palace (Art and architecture)

In the Middle Ages, the site of the future palace formed part of the Manor of Ebury (also called Eia). The marshy ground was watered by the river Tyburn, which still flows below the courtyard and south wing of the palace. Where the river was fordable (at Cow Ford), the village of Eye Cross grew. Ownership of the site changed hands many times; owners included Edward the Confessor and his queen consort Edith of Wessex in late Saxon times, and, after the Norman Conquest, William the Conqueror. William gave the site to Geoffrey de Mandeville, who bequeathed it to the monks of Westminster Abbey.

Q1: Which river runs underneath the palace?
A1: river Tyburn
Q2: The site of the palace was once owned by which queen consort in the late Saxon times?
A2: Edith of Wessex
Q3: Who did William the Conqueror give the site of the palace to?
A3: Geoffrey de Mandeville
Q4: The site was passed to monks from which abbey?
A4: Westminster Abbey
Q5: The site of the palace formed part of which Manor in the Middles ages?
A5: Manor of Ebury
Q6: What was the name of the village that grew at Cow Ford?
A6: Eye Cross
Q7: Who gave the site to the monks of Westminster?
A7: Geoffrey de Mandeville
Q8: What was the name of the manor that previously existed on the site?
A8: Manor of Ebury
Ashkenazi_Jews (History)

In the Midrash compilation, Genesis Rabbah, Rabbi Berechiah mentions Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah as German tribes or as German lands. It may correspond to a Greek word that may have existed in the Greek dialect of the Palestinian Jews, or the text is corrupted from "Germanica." This view of Berechiah is based on the Talmud (Yoma 10a; Jerusalem Talmud Megillah 71b), where Gomer, the father of Ashkenaz, is translated by Germamia, which evidently stands for Germany, and which was suggested by the similarity of the sound.

Q1: What is the name of the Midrash compilation?
A1: Genesis Rabbah
Q2: What is the name of the Rabbi mentioned in relation to the Genesis Rabbah?
A2: Rabbi Berechiah
Q3: What are the three German tribes or German lands talked about by Rabbi Berechiah?
A3: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah
Q4: Rabbi Berechiah's view is based on what?
A4: the Talmud
Alps (Geography and places)

In the Miocene Epoch the mountains underwent severe erosion because of glaciation, which was noted in the mid-19th century by naturalist Louis Agassiz who presented a paper proclaiming the Alps were covered in ice at various intervals—a theory he formed when studying rocks near his Neuchâtel home which he believed originated to the west in the Bernese Oberland. Because of his work he came to be known as the "father of the ice-age concept" although other naturalists before him put forth similar ideas.

Q1: Where did the mountains undergo serve erosion?
A1: Miocene Epoch
Q2: What was the cause of the severe erosion?
A2: glaciation
Q3: Who noted the severe erosion of the mountains?
A3: Louis Agassiz
Q4: What was Louis Agassiz also known as? 
A4: the "father of the ice-age concept"
Chicago_Cubs (Sports and recreation)

In the NLCS, the Cubs easily won the first two games at Wrigley Field against the San Diego Padres. The Padres were the winners of the Western Division with Steve Garvey, Tony Gwynn, Eric Show, Goose Gossage and Alan Wiggins. With wins of 13–0 and 4–2, the Cubs needed to win only one game of the next three in San Diego to make it to the World Series. After being beaten in Game 3 7–1, the Cubs lost Game 4 when Smith, with the game tied 5–5, allowed a game-winning home run to Garvey in the bottom of the ninth inning. In Game 5 the Cubs took a 3–0 lead into the 6th inning, and a 3–2 lead into the seventh with Sutcliffe (who won the Cy Young Award that year) still on the mound. Then, Leon Durham had a sharp grounder go under his glove. This critical error helped the Padres win the game 6–3, with a 4-run 7th inning and keep Chicago out of the 1984 World Series against the Detroit Tigers. The loss ended a spectacular season for the Cubs, one that brought alive a slumbering franchise and made the Cubs relevant for a whole new generation of Cubs fans.

Q1: Who easily won the first two games in the NLCS?
A1: , the Cubs
Q2: Where did the Cubs easily win the first two games of the NLCS?
A2: Wrigley Field
Q3: Who did the cubs play against in the first two games of the NLCS?
A3: San Diego Padres
Institute_of_technology (Engineering and technology)

In the Netherlands, four former institutes of technology have become universities over the past decades. These are the current three Technical Universities (at Delft, Eindhoven and Enschede), plus the former agricultural institute in Wageningen. A list of all hogescholen in the Netherlands, including some which might be called polytechnics, can be found here.

Q1: How many institutes of technology in the Netherlands have converted into full-fledged universities in the past few decades?
A1: four
Q2: How many Technical Universities are there in the Netherlands today?
A2: three
Supreme_court (Language and literature)

In the Netherlands, the Supreme Court of the Netherlands is the highest. Its decisions, known as "arresten", are absolutely final. The court is banned from testing legislation against the constitution, pursuant to the principle of the sovereignty of the States-General; the court can, however, test legislation against some treaties. Also, the ordinary courts in the Netherlands, including the Hoge Raad, do not deal with administrative law, which is dealt with in separate administrative courts, the highest of which is the Council of State (Raad van State)

Q1: Decisions of the Dutch Supreme Court are called what?
A1: arresten
Q2: The Supreme Court of the Netherlands cannot interpret what?
A2: legislation against the constitution
Q3: What areas of interpretative oversight does the supreme court have?
A3: legislation against some treaties
Q4: Holland's regular court system does not handle cases related to what area of law?
A4: administrative law
Q5: The high court for administrative law is also known as what?
A5: Council of State (Raad van State)
Political_philosophy (History)

In the Ottoman Empire, these ideological reforms did not take place and these views did not integrate into common thought until much later. As well, there was no spread of this doctrine within the New World and the advanced civilizations of the Aztec, Maya, Inca, Mohican, Delaware, Huron and especially the Iroquois. The Iroquois philosophy in particular gave much to Christian thought of the time and in many cases actually inspired some of the institutions adopted in the United States: for example, Benjamin Franklin was a great admirer of some of the methods of the Iroquois Confederacy, and much of early American literature emphasized the political philosophy of the natives.

Q1: In what area did these ideological reforms not take place until much later?
A1: Ottoman Empire
Q2: Whose philosophy gave much to Christian thought of the time?
A2: The Iroquois philosophy
Q3: Who was a great admirer of some of the methods of the Iroquois Confederacy?
A3: Benjamin Franklin
The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess (Video games)

In the PAL region, which covers most of Africa, Asia, Europe, and Oceania, Twilight Princess is the best-selling entry in the Zelda series. During its first week, the game was sold with three of every four Wii purchases. The game had sold 5.82 million copies on the Wii as of March 31, 2011[update], and 1.32 million on the GameCube as of March 31, 2007[update].

Q1: What is the name of the area which includes most countries not located in North, Central or South America?
A1: PAL
Q2: How many units of the Wii version of Twilight Princess had been purchased by the end of March 2011?
A2: 5.82 million
Q3: How many units of the GameCube version of Twilight Princess had been purchased by the end of March 2007?
A3: 1.32 million
Q4: What region is Twilight Princess the best -selling Zelda entry?
A4: PAL region
Q5: How many copies of the game had been sold as of March 2011?
A5: 5.82 million
Q6: How many copies of the game had been sold on Gamecube as of March 2007?
A6: 1.32 million
Jews (History)

In the Papal States, which existed until 1870, Jews were required to live only in specified neighborhoods called ghettos. In the 19th and (before the end of World War II) 20th centuries, the Roman Catholic Church adhered to a distinction between "good antisemitism" and "bad antisemitism". The "bad" kind promoted hatred of Jews because of their descent. This was considered un-Christian because the Christian message was intended for all of humanity regardless of ethnicity; anyone could become a Christian. The "good" kind criticized alleged Jewish conspiracies to control newspapers, banks, and other institutions, to care only about accumulation of wealth, etc.

Q1: When did the Papal States exist?
A1: until 1870
Q2: In the Papal States, what is the name for the specified neighborhoods where Jews were required to live?
A2: ghettos
Q3: What promoted hatred of Jews because of their descent?
A3: bad antisemitism
States_of_Germany (Geography and places)

In the Paris Agreements of 23 October 1954, France offered to establish an independent "Saarland", under the auspices of the Western European Union (WEU), but on 23 October 1955 in the Saar Statute referendum the Saar electorate rejected this plan by 67.7% to 32.3% (out of a 96.5% turnout: 423,434 against, 201,975 for) despite the public support of Federal German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer for the plan. The rejection of the plan by the Saarlanders was interpreted as support for the Saar to join the Federal Republic of Germany.

Q1: In what negotiation did France offer to establish the independent Saarland?
A1: Paris Agreements
Q2: In the 23 October 1955 Saar Statute referendum, what percentage opposed the formation of the Saarland?
A2: 67.7%
Q3: What was the Saar Statute referendum voter turnout?
A3: 96.5%
Q4: Which political figure supported the Saar Statute referendum?
A4: Chancellor Konrad Adenauer
Q5: The rejection of the plan by the Saarlanders was interpreted as support for the Saar to do what?
A5: join the Federal Republic of Germany.
Plymouth (History)

In the Parliament of the United Kingdom, Plymouth is represented by the three constituencies of Plymouth Moor View, Plymouth Sutton and Devonport and South West Devon and within the European Parliament as South West England. In the 2015 general election all three constituencies returned Conservative MPs, who were Oliver Colvile (for Devon South West), Gary Streeter (for Sutton and Devonport) and Johnny Mercer for Moor View.

Q1: What European Parliamentary constitutency is Plymouth a part of?
A1: South West England
Q2: Who was elected for the Sutton and Devonport constitutency in 2015?
A2: Gary Streeter
Q3: As of 2015, what political party did all of Plymouth's MPs belong to?
A3: Conservative
Q4: What parliamentary constitutency was represented by Johnny Mercer?
A4: Moor View
Modern_history (Philosophy and religion)

In the Pre-Modern era, many people's sense of self and purpose was often expressed via a faith in some form of deity, be that in a single God or in many gods. Pre-modern cultures have not been thought of creating a sense of distinct individuality, though. Religious officials, who often held positions of power, were the spiritual intermediaries to the common person. It was only through these intermediaries that the general masses had access to the divine. Tradition was sacred to ancient cultures and was unchanging and the social order of ceremony and morals in a culture could be strictly enforced.

Q1: What did many people in the Pre-Modern era express their faith through?
A1: via a faith in some form of deity
Q2: What were Religious officials perceived as in the Pre-Modern era?
A2: spiritual intermediaries
Q3: Through whom did the general masses have access to the divine?
A3: Religious officials
Q4: What belief did ancient cultures consider sacred?
A4: Tradition
Q5: How were the moral standards of ancient cultures enforced?
A5: strictly
Q6: Peoples sense of worth was expressed through what in the Pre-modern era?
A6: via a faith in some form of deity
Q7: Who were spiritual intermediates? 
A7: Religious officials
Q8: Through who did the masses have access to the divine?
A8: spiritual intermediaries
Q9: What belief was considered sacred by ancient civilizations?
A9: Tradition
Q10: What did social order mandate be strictly enforced?
A10: ceremony and morals
The_Bronx (Geography and places)

In the Presidential primary elections of February 5, 2008, Sen. Clinton won 61.2% of the Bronx's 148,636 Democratic votes against 37.8% for Barack Obama and 1.0% for the other four candidates combined (John Edwards, Dennis Kucinich, Bill Richardson and Joe Biden). On the same day, John McCain won 54.4% of the borough's 5,643 Republican votes, Mitt Romney 20.8%, Mike Huckabee 8.2%, Ron Paul 7.4%, Rudy Giuliani 5.6%, and the other candidates (Fred Thompson, Duncan Hunter and Alan Keyes) 3.6% between them.

Q1: In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Clinton get?
A1: 61.2%
Q2: In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Obama get?
A2: 37.8%
Q3: In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did McCain get?
A3: 54.4%
Q4: In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Romney get?
A4: 20.8%
Q5: In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Huckabee get?
A5: 8.2%
Franco-Prussian_War (History)

In the Prussian province of Posen, with a large Polish population, there was strong support for the French and angry demonstrations at news of Prussian-German victories—a clear manifestation of Polish nationalist feeling. Calls were also made for Polish recruits to desert from the Prussian Army—though these went mainly unheeded. An alarming report on the Posen situation, sent to Bismarck on 16 August 1870, led to the quartering of reserve troop contingents in the restive province. The Franco-Prussian War thus turned out to be a significant event also in German–Polish relations, marking the beginning of a prolonged period of repressive measures by the authorities and efforts at Germanisation.

Q1: In which Prussian province did a large Polish population reside?
A1: Posen
Q2: What was there strong support of in Posen?
A2: the French
Q3: What calls were made for the Polish recruits?
A3: to desert from the Prussian Army
Q4: On what date did Bismarkck receive the disturbing report on the Posen situation?
A4: 16 August 1870
Q5: What significant consequence was a result of German-Polish relations?
A5: prolonged period of repressive measures