LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
John_Kerry (Warfare)

During his bid to be elected president in 2004, Kerry frequently criticized President George W. Bush for the Iraq War. While Kerry had initially voted in support of authorizing President Bush to use force in dealing with Saddam Hussein, he voted against an $87 billion supplemental appropriations bill to pay for the subsequent war. His statement on March 16, 2004, "I actually did vote for the $87 billion before I voted against it," helped the Bush campaign to paint him as a flip-flopper and has been cited as contributing to Kerry's defeat.

Q1: Who did Kerry criticize during the 2004 campaign?
A1: President George W. Bush
Q2: Why did Kerry criticize Bush during the 2004 campaign?
A2: for the Iraq War
Q3: What had Kerry voted against after supporting the initial Iraq authorization?
A3: an $87 billion supplemental appropriations bill to pay for the subsequent war
Q4: What did Bush's campaign call Kerry for changing his mind about Iraq?
A4: a flip-flopper
Ottoman_Empire (History)

During his brief majority reign, Murad IV (1612–1640) reasserted central authority and recaptured Iraq (1639) from the Safavids. The resulting Treaty of Zuhab of that same year decisively parted the Caucasus and adjacent regions between the two neighbouring empires as it had already been defined in the 1555 Peace of Amasya. The Sultanate of women (1648–1656) was a period in which the mothers of young sultans exercised power on behalf of their sons. The most prominent women of this period were Kösem Sultan and her daughter-in-law Turhan Hatice, whose political rivalry culminated in Kösem's murder in 1651. During the Köprülü Era (1656–1703), effective control of the Empire was exercised by a sequence of Grand Viziers from the Köprülü family. The Köprülü Vizierate saw renewed military success with authority restored in Transylvania, the conquest of Crete completed in 1669, and expansion into Polish southern Ukraine, with the strongholds of Khotyn and Kamianets-Podilskyi and the territory of Podolia ceding to Ottoman control in 1676.

Q1: Who recaptured Iraq in 1639?
A1: Murad IV
Q2: Who had control over Iraq before it was recaptured in 1639?
A2: the Safavids
Q3: When was Kösem murdered?
A3: 1651
Q4: What years define the Köprülü Era?
A4: 1656–1703
Q5: What territory was conquered by the Köprülü Vizierate in 1669?
A5: Crete
Arnold_Schwarzenegger (Media and drama)

During his initial campaign for governor, allegations of sexual and personal misconduct were raised against Schwarzenegger, dubbed "Gropegate". Within the last five days before the election, news reports appeared in the Los Angeles Times recounting allegations of sexual misconduct from several individual women, six of whom eventually came forward with their personal stories.

Q1: What was the controversy around Schwarzenegger's first gubernatorial campaign nicknamed?
A1: Gropegate
Q2: How many women spoke out publicly about misconduct on Schwarzenegger's part?
A2: six
Q3: Which newspaper broke the story about Schwarzenegger's alleged sexual misconduct?
A3: Los Angeles Times
Josip_Broz_Tito (History)

During his life and especially in the first year after his death, several places were named after Tito. Several of these places have since returned to their original names, such as Podgorica, formerly Titograd (though Podgorica's international airport is still identified by the code TGD), and Užice, formerly Titovo Užice, which reverted to its original name in 1992. Streets in Belgrade, the capital, have all reverted to their original pre–World War II and pre-communist names as well. In 2004, Antun Augustinčić's statue of Broz in his birthplace of Kumrovec was decapitated in an explosion. It was subsequently repaired. Twice in 2008, protests took place in Zagreb's Marshal Tito Square, organized by a group called Circle for the Square (Krug za Trg), with an aim to force the city government to rename it to its previous name, while a counter-protest by Citizens' Initiative Against Ustašism (Građanska inicijativa protiv ustaštva) accused the "Circle for the Square" of historical revisionism and neo-fascism. Croatian president Stjepan Mesić criticized the demonstration to change the name. In the Croatian coastal city of Opatija the main street (also its longest street) still bears the name of Marshal Tito, as do streets in numerous towns in Serbia, mostly in the country's north. One of the main streets in downtown Sarajevo is called Marshal Tito Street, and Tito's statue in a park in front of the university campus (ex. JNA barrack "Maršal Tito") in Marijin Dvor is a place where Bosnians and Sarajevans still today commemorate and pay tribute to Tito (image on the right). The largest Tito monument in the world, about 10 m (33 ft) high, is located at Tito Square (Slovene: Titov trg), the central square in Velenje, Slovenia. One of the main bridges in Slovenia's second largest city of Maribor is Tito Bridge (Titov most). The central square in Koper, the largest Slovenian port city, is as well named Tito Square.

Q1: What name was changed to Titograd?
A1: Podgorica
Q2: When did Uziece revert to its original name?
A2: 1992
Q3: Where is the birthplace of Antun Augustincic?
A3: Kumrovec
Q4: What country is Stejpan Mesic president of?
A4: Croatian
Q5: Where is the largest Tito monument located?
A5: Slovenia
Pope_Paul_VI (Philosophy and religion)

During his period in Milan, Montini was known as a progressive member of the Catholic hierarchy. Montini went new ways in pastoral care, which he reformed. He used his authority to ensure that the liturgical reforms of Pius XII were carried out at the local level and employed innovative methods to reach the people of Milan: Huge posters announced that 1,000 voices would speak to them from 10 to 24 November 1957. More than 500 priests and many bishops, cardinals and lay persons delivered 7,000 sermons in the period not only in churches but in factories, meeting halls, houses, courtyards, schools, offices, military barracks, hospitals, hotels and other places, where people meet. His goal was the re-introduction of faith to a city without much religion. "If only we can say Our Father and know what this means, then we would understand the Christian faith."

Q1: What type of political viewpoint was Montini known for as a member of the Catholic leadership?
A1: progressive
Q2: What part of Catholic ministry did Montini seek to reform?
A2: pastoral care
Q3: What type of media did Montini use to advertise the church's sermons to the people of Milan?
A3: posters
Q4: How many "voices" did Montini's posters claim the people of Milan would hear?
A4: 1,000
Q5: From the 10 of NOvember to the 24 of November how many sermons were actually delivered to the Italian people?
A5: 7,000
Roman_Republic (History)

During his term as praetor in the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal and Spain), Pompey's contemporary Julius Caesar defeated two local tribes in battle. After his term as consul in 59 BC, he was appointed to a five-year term as the proconsular Governor of Cisalpine Gaul (part of current northern Italy), Transalpine Gaul (current southern France) and Illyria (part of the modern Balkans). Not content with an idle governorship, Caesar strove to find reason to invade Gaul (modern France and Belgium), which would give him the dramatic military success he sought. When two local tribes began to migrate on a route that would take them near (not into) the Roman province of Transalpine Gaul, Caesar had the barely sufficient excuse he needed for his Gallic Wars, fought between 58 BC and 49 BC.

Q1: Who held  a term as praetor in the Iberian Peninsula?
A1: Julius Caesar
Q2: Why did Julius Caesar wish to invade Gaul?
A2: would give him the dramatic military success he sought
Q3: When did Julius Caesar's term as consul end?
A3: 59 BC
Q4: What military leader was Julius Caesar a contemporary of?
A4: Pompey
Q5: What was the reasoning Julius Caesar used to start the Gallic Wars?
A5: two local tribes began to migrate on a route that would take them near (not into) the Roman province of Transalpine Gaul
Daylight_saving_time (Engineering and technology)

During his time as an American envoy to France, Benjamin Franklin, publisher of the old English proverb, "Early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise", anonymously published a letter suggesting that Parisians economize on candles by rising earlier to use morning sunlight. This 1784 satire proposed taxing shutters, rationing candles, and waking the public by ringing church bells and firing cannons at sunrise. Despite common misconception, Franklin did not actually propose DST; 18th-century Europe did not even keep precise schedules. However, this soon changed as rail and communication networks came to require a standardization of time unknown in Franklin's day.

Q1: Who first published the proverb about waking up early and going to bed early to be "healthy, wealthy, and wise"?
A1: Benjamin Franklin
Q2: Which group of people did Franklin say would save candles by waking up earlier?
A2: Parisians
Q3: In what year did Ben Franklin write a satire suggesting firing cannons at sunrise to wake people up?
A3: 1784
Q4: What kind of transportation network helped encourage keeping more exact schedules?
A4: rail
Q5: In addition to cannon fire, what did Franklin suggest to act as Parisians' alarm clock?
A5: ringing church bells
John_Kerry (Warfare)

During his tour on the guided missile frigate USS Gridley, Kerry requested duty in South Vietnam, listing as his first preference a position as the commander of a Fast Patrol Craft (PCF), also known as a "Swift boat." These 50-foot (15 m) boats have aluminum hulls and have little or no armor, but are heavily armed and rely on speed. "I didn't really want to get involved in the war", Kerry said in a book of Vietnam reminiscences published in 1986. "When I signed up for the swift boats, they had very little to do with the war. They were engaged in coastal patrolling and that's what I thought I was going to be doing." However, his second choice of billet was on a river patrol boat, or "PBR", which at the time was serving a more dangerous duty on the rivers of Vietnam.

Q1: When did Kerry publish his memories of Vietnam?
A1: 1986
Q2: What kind of ship was the USS Gridley?
A2: guided missile frigate
Q3: What was the formal name of 'swift boats'?
A3: Fast Patrol Craft
Q4: How long were swift boats?
A4: 50-foot
Q5: What had Kerry expected the 'swift boats' to do?
A5: coastal patrolling
Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty (History)

During his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would "sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric" when receiving religious instructions from him.

Q1: When did Deshin Shekpa travels start?
A1: 1403
Q2: Where did the Yongle Emperor greet the Karmapa?
A2: Nanjing
Q3: Who did the Emperor give the place of honor at his left to?
A3: the Karmapa
Q4: Who sat on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric?
A4: Kublai
Q5: Who showed a great amount of respect to Deshin Shekpa?
A5: the Yongle Emperor
British_Empire (History)

During his voyage, Cook also visited New Zealand, first discovered by Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in 1642, and claimed the North and South islands for the British crown in 1769 and 1770 respectively. Initially, interaction between the indigenous Māori population and Europeans was limited to the trading of goods. European settlement increased through the early decades of the 19th century, with numerous trading stations established, especially in the North. In 1839, the New Zealand Company announced plans to buy large tracts of land and establish colonies in New Zealand. On 6 February 1840, Captain William Hobson and around 40 Maori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi. This treaty is considered by many to be New Zealand's founding document, but differing interpretations of the Maori and English versions of the text have meant that it continues to be a source of dispute.

Q1: When was New Zealand discovered by the Dutch?
A1: 1642
Q2: Who discovered New Zealand for the Dutch?
A2: Abel Tasman
Q3: When did Cook visit New Zealand and claim the North Island?
A3: 1769
Q4: What is New Zealand's native population called?
A4: Māori
Q5: Who signed a treaty with the Maori?
A5: Captain William Hobson
Alexander_Graham_Bell (Engineering and technology)

During his world tour of 1910–11, Bell and Baldwin met with Forlanini in France. They had rides in the Forlanini hydrofoil boat over Lake Maggiore. Baldwin described it as being as smooth as flying. On returning to Baddeck, a number of initial concepts were built as experimental models, including the Dhonnas Beag, the first self-propelled Bell-Baldwin hydrofoil. The experimental boats were essentially proof-of-concept prototypes that culminated in the more substantial HD-4, powered by Renault engines. A top speed of 54 miles per hour (87 km/h) was achieved, with the hydrofoil exhibiting rapid acceleration, good stability and steering along with the ability to take waves without difficulty. In 1913, Dr. Bell hired Walter Pinaud, a Sydney yacht designer and builder as well as the proprietor of Pinaud's Yacht Yard in Westmount, Nova Scotia to work on the pontoons of the HD-4. Pinaud soon took over the boatyard at Bell Laboratories on Beinn Bhreagh, Bell's estate near Baddeck, Nova Scotia. Pinaud's experience in boat-building enabled him to make useful design changes to the HD-4. After the First World War, work began again on the HD-4. Bell's report to the U.S. Navy permitted him to obtain two 350 horsepower (260 kilowatts) engines in July 1919. On September 9, 1919, the HD-4 set a world marine speed record of 70.86 miles per hour (114.04 kilometres per hour), a record which stood for ten years.

Q1: In what country did Baldwin and Forlanini get together?
A1: France
Q2: What did Baldwin liken the hydrofoil boat to?
A2: flying
Q3: Which boat was first powered by a Renault engine?
A3: HD-4
IPod (Engineering and technology)

During installation, an iPod is associated with one host computer. Each time an iPod connects to its host computer, iTunes can synchronize entire music libraries or music playlists either automatically or manually. Song ratings can be set on an iPod and synchronized later to the iTunes library, and vice versa. A user can access, play, and add music on a second computer if an iPod is set to manual and not automatic sync, but anything added or edited will be reversed upon connecting and syncing with the main computer and its library. If a user wishes to automatically sync music with another computer, an iPod's library will be entirely wiped and replaced with the other computer's library.

Q1: How many hosts are recognized by an iPod the first time they're used?
A1: one
Q2: What will be erased if an iPod is set to sync with a different computer?
A2: library
Q3: What must an iPod be connected to before iTunes can synchronize?
A3: host computer
LaserDisc (Engineering and technology)

During its development, MCA, which co-owned the technology, referred to it as the Optical Videodisc System, "Reflective Optical Videodisc" or "Laser Optical Videodisc", depending on the document; changing the name once in 1969 to Disco-Vision and then again in 1978 to DiscoVision (without the hyphen), which became the official spelling. Technical documents and brochures produced by MCA Disco-Vision during the early and mid-'70s also used the term "Disco-Vision Records" to refer to the pressed discs. MCA owned the rights to the largest catalog of films in the world during this time, and they manufactured and distributed the DiscoVision releases of those films under the "MCA DiscoVision" software and manufacturing label; consumer sale of those titles began on December 15, 1978, with the aforementioned Jaws.

Q1: Which three names did MCA use for LaserDisc technology during its development?
A1: Optical Videodisc System, "Reflective Optical Videodisc" or "Laser Optical Videodisc"
Q2: To what did MCA change the name to in 1969?
A2: Disco-Vision
Q3: When did MCA remove the hyphen from the name Disco-Vision?
A3: 1978
Q4: Which company owned the rights to the world's largest collection of films during the 1970s?
A4: MCA
Q5: Consumer sales of MCA films began in 1978 with what movie?
A5: Jaws
Madrasa (Language and literature)

During its formative period, the term madrasah referred to a higher education institution, whose curriculum initially included only the "religious sciences", whilst philosophy and the secular sciences were often excluded. The curriculum slowly began to diversify, with many later madaris teaching both the religious and the "secular sciences", such as logic, mathematics and philosophy. Some madaris further extended their curriculum to history, politics, ethics, music, metaphysics, medicine, astronomy and chemistry. The curriculum of a madrasah was usually set by its founder, but most generally taught both the religious sciences and the physical sciences. Madaris were established throughout the Islamic world, examples being the 9th century University of al-Qarawiyyin, the 10th century al-Azhar University (the most famous), the 11th century Niẓāmīyah, as well as 75 madaris in Cairo, 51 in Damascus and up to 44 in Aleppo between 1155 and 1260. Many more were also established in the Andalusian cities of Córdoba, Seville, Toledo, Granada (Madrasah of Granada), Murcia, Almería, Valencia and Cádiz during the Caliphate of Córdoba.

Q1: What discipline was studied in traditional madrasah?
A1: religious sciences
Q2: What was traditionally left out of the madrasah curriculum?
A2: philosophy and the secular sciences
Q3: Who decided the content that would be delivered in a particular madrasah?
A3: its founder
Q4: What is the most widely known madrasah?
A4: al-Azhar University
Q5: How many madaris have been founded in Cairo?
A5: 75
Neolithic (History)

During most of the Neolithic age of Eurasia, people lived in small tribes composed of multiple bands or lineages. There is little scientific evidence of developed social stratification in most Neolithic societies; social stratification is more associated with the later Bronze Age. Although some late Eurasian Neolithic societies formed complex stratified chiefdoms or even states, states evolved in Eurasia only with the rise of metallurgy, and most Neolithic societies on the whole were relatively simple and egalitarian. Beyond Eurasia, however, states were formed during the local Neolithic in three areas, namely in the Preceramic Andes with the Norte Chico Civilization, Formative Mesoamerica and Ancient Hawaiʻi. However, most Neolithic societies were noticeably more hierarchical than the Paleolithic cultures that preceded them and hunter-gatherer cultures in general.

Q1: What social groups were formed during the Neolithic age of Eurasia?
A1: small tribes
Q2: What cultural trend did not first appear in large amounts until the Bronze Age?
A2: social stratification
Q3: What type of cultures preceded Neolithic societies?
A3: Paleolithic cultures
Korean_War (Warfare)

During most of the war, the UN navies patrolled the west and east coasts of North Korea, sinking supply and ammunition ships and denying the North Koreans the ability to resupply from the sea. Aside from very occasional gunfire from North Korean shore batteries, the main threat to United States and UN navy ships was from magnetic mines. During the war, five U.S. Navy ships were lost to mines: two minesweepers, two minesweeper escorts, and one ocean tug. Mines and gunfire from North Korean coastal artillery damaged another 87 U.S. warships, resulting in slight to moderate damage.

Q1: What type of ships did the US spend most of its time sinking?
A1: supply and ammunition ships
Q2: What weapon posed a significant threat to US navy ships?
A2: magnetic mines
Q3: How many US warships were damaged by gun fire and mines?
A3: 87
Q4: Where were the majority of US naval patrols of Korea?
A4: the west and east coasts of North Korea
Catalan_language (Language and literature)

During much of its history, and especially during the Francoist dictatorship (1939–1975), the Catalan language has often been degraded as a mere dialect of Spanish. This view, based on political and ideological considerations, has no linguistic validity. Spanish and Catalan have important differences in their sound systems, lexicon, and grammatical features, placing the language in a number of respects closer to Occitan (and French). 

Q1: What has Catalan often been considered?
A1: dialect of Spanish
Q2: During what dictatorship was Catalan considered a dialect?
A2: Francoist
Symbiosis (Natural sciences)

During mutualistic symbioses, the host cell lacks some of the nutrients, which are provided by the endosymbiont. As a result, the host favors endosymbiont's growth processes within itself by producing some specialized cells. These cells affect the genetic composition of the host in order to regulate the increasing population of the endosymbionts and ensuring that these genetic changes are passed onto the offspring via vertical transmission (heredity).

Q1: What is given to the host cell?
A1: nutrients
Q2: What does the host make that affect its genes?
A2: specialized cells
Q3: In what manner are the described genetic alternations given to future generations?
A3: vertical transmission
Incandescent_light_bulb (Engineering and technology)

During ordinary operation, the tungsten of the filament evaporates; hotter, more-efficient filaments evaporate faster. Because of this, the lifetime of a filament lamp is a trade-off between efficiency and longevity. The trade-off is typically set to provide a lifetime of several hundred to 2,000 hours for lamps used for general illumination. Theatrical, photographic, and projection lamps may have a useful life of only a few hours, trading life expectancy for high output in a compact form. Long-life general service lamps have lower efficiency but are used where the cost of changing the lamp is high compared to the value of energy used.

Q1: What determines how fast a tungsten filament evaporates?
A1: hotter, more-efficient filaments evaporate faster
Q2: What is the typical goal for the life of a tungsten filament bulb?
A2: several hundred to 2,000 hours
Q3: Which types of lamps may have particularly short lives?
A3: Theatrical, photographic, and projection lamps
Q4: What is the typical tradeoff in light bulb design?
A4: efficiency and longevity
Saint_Helena (Geography and places)

During periods of unemployment, there has been a long pattern of emigration from the island since the post-Napoleonic period. The majority of "Saints" emigrated to the UK, South Africa and in the early years, Australia. The population has steadily declined since the late 1980s and has dropped from 5,157 at the 1998 census to 4,255 in 2008. In the past emigration was characterised by young unaccompanied persons leaving to work on long-term contracts on Ascension and the Falkland Islands, but since "Saints" were re-awarded UK citizenship in 2002, emigration to the UK by a wider range of wage-earners has accelerated due to the prospect of higher wages and better progression prospects.

Q1: What was there a long pattern of from the island starting during the post Napoleonic period?
A1: emigration
Q2: When did the population of the island start to steadily decline?
A2: late 1980s
Q3: What was a big factor in emmigration to the UK?
A3: prospect of higher wages