LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Dog (Natural sciences)

Although initially thought to have originated as a manmade variant of an extant canid species (variously supposed as being the dhole, golden jackal, or gray wolf), extensive genetic studies undertaken during the 2010s indicate that dogs diverged from an extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia 40,000 years ago. Being the oldest domesticated animal, their long association with people has allowed dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior, as well as thrive on a starch-rich diet which would be inadequate for other canid species.

Q1: What decade had significant studies of dog genes to determine origins?
A1: 2010s
Q2: Testing revealed today's dogs trace back by how many years?
A2: 40,000
Q3: What is the region where domesticated dogs ancestry traces to?
A3: Eurasia
Q4: What type of diet can modern domesticated dogs thrive eating that other dogs cannot?
A4: starch-rich
Q5: What was undertaken in 2010 to determine where dogs originated from?
A5: extensive genetic studies
The_Blitz (History)

Although it had equipment capable of doing serious damage, the problem for the Luftwaffe was its unclear strategy and poor intelligence. OKL had not been informed that Britain was to be considered a potential opponent until early 1938. It had no time to gather reliable intelligence on Britain's industries. Moreover, OKL could not settle on an appropriate strategy. German planners had to decide whether the Luftwaffe should deliver the weight of its attacks against a specific segment of British industry such as aircraft factories, or against a system of interrelated industries such as Britain's import and distribution network, or even in a blow aimed at breaking the morale of the British population. The Luftwaffe's strategy became increasingly aimless over the winter of 1940–1941. Disputes among the OKL staff revolved more around tactics than strategy. This method condemned the offensive over Britain to failure before it began.

Q1: Poor intelligence and what other problem made it difficult for the Luftwaffe to do extreme damage?
A1: unclear strategy
Q2: What year did the OKL become aware that Britain would be a possible target?
A2: early 1938
Q3: What disagreements did the  Luftwaffe staff center around?
A3: tactics
Q4: What did the disputes between the staff cause to happen to the strategy against Britain?
A4: failure before it began
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

Although it is not known exactly when Chopin first met Liszt after arriving in Paris, on 12 December 1831 he mentioned in a letter to his friend Woyciechowski that "I have met Rossini, Cherubini, Baillot, etc.—also Kalkbrenner. You would not believe how curious I was about Herz, Liszt, Hiller, etc." Liszt was in attendance at Chopin's Parisian debut on 26 February 1832 at the Salle Pleyel, which led him to remark: "The most vigorous applause seemed not to suffice to our enthusiasm in the presence of this talented musician, who revealed a new phase of poetic sentiment combined with such happy innovation in the form of his art."

Q1: Who was the recipient of Frédéric's letter he wrote on 12 December 1831?
A1: Woyciechowski
Q2: What are the three names stated in Frédéric's letter that he had shown interest and curiosity in?
A2: Herz, Liszt, Hiller
Q3: Who is stated as being in attendance of Frédéric's first performance at the Salle Pleyel on 26 February 1832?
A3: Liszt
Q4: What was the date that LIszt first saw Chopin perform?
A4: 26 February 1832
Q5: Which friend received the letter in which Chopin referenced Liszt?
A5: Woyciechowski
Q6: Where was Chopin's first concert in Paris held?
A6: the Salle Pleyel
Dog (Natural sciences)

Although it is said that the "dog is man's best friend" regarding 17–24% of dogs in the developed countries, in the developing world they are feral, village or community dogs, with pet dogs uncommon. These live their lives as scavengers and have never been owned by humans, with one study showing their most common response when approached by strangers was to run away (52%) or respond with aggression (11%). We know little about these dogs, nor about the dogs that live in developed countries that are feral, stray or are in shelters, yet the great majority of modern research on dog cognition has focused on pet dogs living in human homes.

Q1: When these feral dogs are approached by a person, they tend to do this 52% of the time?
A1: run away
Q2: When these feral dogs are approached by a person, they tend to do this 11% of the time?
A2: respond with aggression
Q3: Dog cognition has been studied on what kind of dogs?
A3: pet dogs living in human homes.
Crimean_War (History)

Although it was Russia that was punished by the Paris Treaty, in the long run it was Austria that lost the most from the Crimean War despite having barely taken part in it.:433 Having abandoned its alliance with Russia, Austria was diplomatically isolated following the war,:433 which contributed to its disastrous defeats in the 1859 Franco-Austrian War that resulted in the cession of Lombardy to the Kingdom of Sardinia, and later in the loss of the Habsburg rule of Tuscany and Modena, which meant the end of Austrian influence in Italy. Furthermore, Russia did not do anything to assist its former ally, Austria, in the 1866 Austro-Prussian War:433 with its loss of Venetia and more important than that, its influence in most German-speaking lands. The status of Austria as a great power, with the unifications of Germany and Italy was now severely questioned. It had to compromise with Hungary, the two countries shared the Danubian Empire and Austria slowly became a little more than a German satellite. With France now hostile to Germany, allied with Russia, and Russia competing with the newly renamed Austro-Hungarian Empire for an increased role in the Balkans at the expense of the Ottoman Empire, the foundations were in place for creating the diplomatic alliances that would lead to World War I.

Q1: Who lost the most due to the Crimean War?
A1: Austria
Q2: Russia failed to help Austria during what war that took place in 1866?
A2: Austro-Prussian War
Q3: Who became diplomatically isolated after the war?
A3: Kingdom of Sardinia
PlayStation_3 (Video games)

Although its PlayStation predecessors had been very dominant against the competition and were hugely profitable for Sony, PlayStation 3 had an inauspicious start, and Sony chairman and CEO Sir Howard Stringer initially could not convince investors of a turnaround in its fortunes. The PS3 lacked the unique gameplay of the more affordable Wii which became that generation's most successful console in terms of units sold. Furthermore, PS3 had to compete directly with Xbox 360 which had a market head start, and as a result the platform no longer had exclusive titles that the PS2 enjoyed such as the Grand Theft Auto and Final Fantasy series (regarding cross-platform games, Xbox 360 versions were generally considered superior in 2006, although by 2008 the PS3 versions had reached parity or surpassed), and it took longer than expected for PS3 to enjoy strong sales and close the gap with Xbox 360. Sony also continued to lose money on each PS3 sold through 2010, although the redesigned "slim" PS3 has cut these losses since then.

Q1: What was PlayStation 3's toughest competitor in the video game market?
A1: Wii
Q2: What did Wii offer that PS3 couldn't compete with?
A2: unique gameplay
Q3: In 2006, did most people prefer the Xbox 360 or PS3 versions of cross-platform games?
A3: Xbox 360 versions
Q4: Until what year was Sony seeing a loss on each PlayStation 3 console it sold?
A4: 2010
Q5: Which cost less in stores: PS3 or Wii?
A5: Wii
Dog (Natural sciences)

Although large wild dogs, like wolves, are apex predators, they can be killed in territory disputes with wild animals. Furthermore, in areas where both dogs and other large predators live, dogs can be a major food source for big cats or canines. Reports from Croatia indicate wolves kill dogs more frequently than they kill sheep. Wolves in Russia apparently limit feral dog populations. In Wisconsin, more compensation has been paid for dog losses than livestock. Some wolf pairs have been reported to prey on dogs by having one wolf lure the dog out into heavy brush where the second animal waits in ambush. In some instances, wolves have displayed an uncharacteristic fearlessness of humans and buildings when attacking dogs, to the extent that they have to be beaten off or killed.

Q1: Like wolves, big domesticated dogs are considered what type of predator?
A1: apex
Q2: Wolves may act in what behavioral manner when attacking dogs?
A2: fearless
Q3: What animal is reported to be killed more often than sheep by wolves in Croatia?
A3: dogs
Q4: Like wolves, what kind of predators are large dogs?
A4: apex
Q5: Dogs die as a result of Croatian wolf encounters more than what kind of animal?
A5: sheep
Q6: What limits the feral dog population in Russia?
A6: Wolves
Heresy (Philosophy and religion)

Although less common than in earlier periods, in modern times, formal charges of heresy within Christian churches still occur. Issues in the Protestant churches have included modern biblical criticism and the nature of God. In the Catholic Church, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith criticizes writings for "ambiguities and errors" without using the word "heresy".

Q1: Under which religion do charges of heresy still occur in modern times?
A1: Christian
Q2: Which religion is cited as having problems with modern biblical criticism?
A2: Protestant
Q3: What belief of the Catholic Church criticizes writings without using the word heresy?
A3: Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System (Engineering and technology)

Although little was officially announced by Chinese authorities about the signals of the new system, the launch of the first COMPASS satellite permitted independent researchers not only to study general characteristics of the signals, but even to build a COMPASS receiver.

Q1: How much information about the COMPASS system did Chinese authorities release?
A1: little was officially announced
Q2: What is one thing launching the first COMPASS satellite enable researchers to do?
A2: to study general characteristics of the signals
Q3: What is another thing launching the first COMPASS satellite enable researchers to do?
A3: to build a COMPASS receiver
Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation (History)

Although many of FBI's functions are unique, its activities in support of national security are comparable to those of the British MI5 and the Russian FSB. Unlike the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), which has no law enforcement authority and is focused on intelligence collection overseas, FBI is primarily a domestic agency, maintaining 56 field offices in major cities throughout the United States, and more than 400 resident agencies in lesser cities and areas across the nation. At an FBI field office, a senior-level FBI officer concurrently serves as the representative of the Director of National Intelligence.

Q1: What is the FBI comparable to?
A1: British MI5 and the Russian FSB
Q2: What kind of agency is the FBI?
A2: FBI is primarily a domestic agency
Q3: How many field offices does the FBI have in major cities?
A3: 56
Q4: Around how many offices does the FBI have in minor cities?
A4: 400
Q5: Who serves as the representative of the Director of National Intelligence?
A5: senior-level FBI officer
Annelid (Natural sciences)

Although many species can reproduce asexually and use similar mechanisms to regenerate after severe injuries, sexual reproduction is the normal method in species whose reproduction has been studied. The minority of living polychaetes whose reproduction and lifecycles are known produce trochophore larvae, that live as plankton and then sink and metamorphose into miniature adults. Oligochaetes are full hermaphrodites and produce a ring-like cocoon around their bodies, in which the eggs and hatchlings are nourished until they are ready to emerge.

Q1: How do annelids normally reproduce?
A1: sexual reproduction
Q2: What can asexual reproduction techniques help annelids do?
A2: regenerate after severe injuries
Q3: What larvae live like plankton?
A3: trochophore
Q4: What annelids are hermaphrodites?
A4: Oligochaetes
Q5: What annelids make a cocoon in a ring around themselves?
A5: Oligochaetes
Aspirated_consonant (Language and literature)

Although most aspirated obstruents in the world's language are stops and affricates, aspirated fricatives such as [sʰ], [fʰ] or [ɕʰ] have been documented in Korean, in a few Tibeto-Burman languages, in some Oto-Manguean languages, and in the Siouan language Ofo. Some languages, such as Choni Tibetan, have up to four contrastive aspirated fricatives [sʰ] [ɕʰ], [ʂʰ] and [xʰ].

Q1: How many contrastive aspirated fricatives does Choni Tibetan have?
A1: up to four
Nintendo_Entertainment_System (Video games)

Although most hardware clones were not produced under license by Nintendo, certain companies were granted licenses to produce NES-compatible devices. The Sharp Corporation produced at least two such clones: the Twin Famicom and the SHARP 19SC111 television. The Twin Famicom was compatible with both Famicom cartridges and Famicom Disk System disks. It was available in two colors (red and black) and used hardwired controllers (as did the original Famicom), but it featured a different case design. The SHARP 19SC111 television was a television which included a built-in Famicom. A similar licensing deal was reached with Hyundai Electronics, who licensed the system under the name Comboy in the South Korean market. This deal with Hyundai was made necessary because of the South Korean government's wide ban on all Japanese "cultural products", which remained in effect until 1998 and ensured that the only way Japanese products could legally enter the South Korean market was through licensing to a third-party (non-Japanese) distributor (see also Japan–Korea disputes).

Q1: Which company produced the Twin Famicom and the 19SC111 TV?
A1: Sharp Corporation
Q2: What was compatible with Famicom cartridges and FDS systems?
A2: Twin Famicom
Q3: Hyundai licensed the Sharp 19SC111 TV with what name in South Korea?
A3: Comboy
Q4: Until how long did South Korea ban Japanese cultural products?
A4: 1998
Q5: How could Japanese products only enter South Korea?
A5: licensing to a third-party (non-Japanese) distributor
Chinese_characters (Language and literature)

Although most of the simplified Chinese characters in use today are the result of the works moderated by the government of the People's Republic of China in the 1950s and 60s, character simplification predates the republic's formation in 1949. One of the earliest proponents of character simplification was Lufei Kui, who proposed in 1909 that simplified characters should be used in education. In the years following the May Fourth Movement in 1919, many anti-imperialist Chinese intellectuals sought ways to modernise China. In the 1930s and 1940s, discussions on character simplification took place within the Kuomintang government, and many Chinese intellectuals and writers have long maintained that character simplification would help boost literacy in China. In many world languages, literacy has been promoted as a justification for spelling reforms. The People's Republic of China issued its first round of official character simplifications in two documents, the first in 1956 and the second in 1964. In the 1950s and 1960s, while confusion about simplified characters was still rampant, transitional characters that mixed simplified parts with yet-to-be simplified parts of characters together appeared briefly, then disappeared.

Q1: What has been promoted as a justification for spelling reforms?
A1: literacy
Q2: Character simplification predated the republic's formation in what year?
A2: 1949
Q3: Who issued the first round of official characters?
A3: The People's Republic of China
Chinese_characters (Language and literature)

Although most often associated with the People's Republic of China, character simplification predates the 1949 communist victory. Caoshu, cursive written text, almost always includes character simplification, and simplified forms have always existed in print, albeit not for the most formal works. In the 1930s and 1940s, discussions on character simplification took place within the Kuomintang government, and a large number of Chinese intellectuals and writers have long maintained that character simplification would help boost literacy in China. Indeed, this desire by the Kuomintang to simplify the Chinese writing system (inherited and implemented by the Communist Party of China) also nursed aspirations of some for the adoption of a phonetic script based on the Latin script, and spawned such inventions as the Gwoyeu Romatzyh.

Q1: What almost always includes character simplification?
A1: Caoshu
Q2: What is Caoshu?
A2: cursive written text
Q3: When did discussions of character simplification take place?
A3: In the 1930s and 1940s
The_Blitz (History)

Although night air defence was causing greater concern before the war, it was not at the forefront of RAF planning. Most of the resources went into planning for daylight fighter defences. The difficulty RAF bombers had navigating in darkness, led the British to believe German bombers would suffer the same problems and would be unable to reach and identify their targets. There was also a mentality in all air forces that, if they could carry out effective operations by day, night missions and their disadvantages could be avoided.

Q1: What did the RAF put most of their resources into?
A1: daylight fighter defences
Q2: RAF bombers had trouble flying at night, so the British believe the Germans would do what?
A2: suffer the same problems
Q3: Britain believe German bombers would be unable to reach and identify what?
A3: targets
Q4: What did the Air Force believe they could avoid if they carried out effective day missions?
A4: night missions and their disadvantages
Hyderabad (Geography and places)

Although not a centre for handicrafts itself, the patronage of the arts by the Mughals and Nizams attracted artisans from the region to Hyderabad. Such crafts include: Bidriware, a metalwork handicraft from neighbouring Karnataka, which was popularised during the 18th century and has since been granted a Geographical Indication (GI) tag under the auspices of the WTO act; and Zari and Zardozi, embroidery works on textile that involve making elaborate designs using gold, silver and other metal threads. Another example of a handicraft drawn to Hyderabad is Kalamkari, a hand-painted or block-printed cotton textile that comes from cities in Andhra Pradesh. This craft is distinguished in having both a Hindu style, known as Srikalahasti and entirely done by hand, and an Islamic style, known as Machilipatnam that uses both hand and block techniques. Examples of Hyderabad's arts and crafts are housed in various museums including the Salar Jung Museum (housing "one of the largest one-man-collections in the world"), the AP State Archaeology Museum, the Nizam Museum, the City Museum and the Birla Science Museum.

Q1: In which century did metalwork become popular in Hyderabad?
A1: the 18th century
Q2: Under which act is the Geographical Indication tag granted?
A2: the WTO act
Q3: What is Zardozi an example of?
A3: embroidery works on textile
Q4: What is Kalamkari?
A4: a hand-painted or block-printed cotton textile
Q5: In what style is Kalamkari made?
A5: a Hindu style, known as Srikalahasti
The_Blitz (History)

Although not specifically prepared to conduct independent strategic air operations against an opponent, the Luftwaffe was expected to do so over Britain. From July until September 1940 the Luftwaffe attacked RAF Fighter Command to gain air superiority as a prelude to invasion. This involved the bombing of English Channel convoys, ports, and RAF airfields and supporting industries. Destroying RAF Fighter Command would allow the Germans to gain control of the skies over the invasion area. It was supposed that Bomber Command, RAF Coastal Command and the Royal Navy could not operate under conditions of German air superiority.

Q1: Which tactics were the Luftwaffe excepted to use against Britain? 
A1: air operations
Q2: Why did the Luftwaffe bomb the RAF Fighter Command?
A2: to gain air superiority
Q3: What was the name of the Channel the Luftwaffe bomb to try to gain air superiority?
A3: English
Q4: Which Navy was assumed not to be able to operate under German air superiority?
A4: Royal
Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas (History)

Although not without conflict, European/Canadian early interactions with First Nations and Inuit populations were relatively peaceful compared to the experience of native peoples in the United States. Combined with a late economic development in many regions, this relatively peaceful history has allowed Canadian Indigenous peoples to have a fairly strong influence on the early national culture while preserving their own identity. From the late 18th century, European Canadians encouraged Aboriginals to assimilate into their own culture, referred to as "Canadian culture". These attempts reached a climax in the late 19th and early 20th centuries with forced integration. National Aboriginal Day recognises the cultures and contributions of Aboriginal peoples of Canada. There are currently over 600 recognized First Nations governments or bands encompassing 1,172,790 2006 people spread across Canada with distinctive Aboriginal cultures, languages, art, and music.

Q1: What were the early interactions between First Nations and Europeans?
A1: relatively peaceful
Q2: What have Canadian indigenous peoples been able to have a strong influence on?
A2: national culture
Q3: How long have European Canadians been encouraging Aboriginals to assimilate into their culture?
A3: late 18th century
Q4: What does National Aboriginal Day recognize from the Aboriginal peoples of Canada?
A4: cultures and contributions
Q5: How many recognized First Nations governments are spread across Canada?
A5: over 600
Zinc (Unknown)

Although not yet tested as a therapy in humans, a growing body of evidence indicates that zinc may preferentially kill prostate cancer cells. Because zinc naturally homes to the prostate and because the prostate is accessible with relatively non-invasive procedures, its potential as a chemotherapeutic agent in this type of cancer has shown promise. However, other studies have demonstrated that chronic use of zinc supplements in excess of the recommended dosage may actually increase the chance of developing prostate cancer, also likely due to the natural buildup of this heavy metal in the prostate.

Q1: What kind of cancer cells may zinc prove to kill?
A1: prostate
Q2: What type of agent is zync useful as against prostate cancer?
A2: chemotherapeutic
Q3: What could overuse of zinc possibly cause?
A3: prostate cancer
Q4: Where does zinc naturally buildup in the body?
A4: prostate.
The_Blitz (History)

Although official German air doctrine did target civilian morale, it did not espouse the attacking of civilians directly. It hoped to destroy morale by destroying the enemy's factories and public utilities as well as its food stocks (by attacking shipping). Nevertheless, its official opposition to attacks on civilians became an increasingly moot point when large-scale raids were conducted in November and December 1940. Although not encouraged by official policy, the use of mines and incendiaries, for tactical expediency, came close to indiscriminate bombing. Locating targets in skies obscured by industrial haze meant they needed to be illuminated "without regard for the civilian population".

Q1: What was the primary goal of the German air doctrine?
A1: target civilian morale
Q2: In November and December of 1940 what changed to make attacks on civilians a moot point?
A2: large-scale raids
Q3: What had nearly been considered indiscriminate bombing?
A3: use of mines and incendiaries, for tactical expediency
Q4: Lighting targets hidden by haze had to be done without what?
A4: regard for the civilian population