LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
New_Haven,_Connecticut (Geography and places)

The American Civil War boosted the local economy with wartime purchases of industrial goods, including that of the New Haven Arms Company, which would later become the Winchester Repeating Arms Company. (Winchester would continue to produce arms in New Haven until 2006, and many of the buildings that were a part of the Winchester plant are now a part of the Winchester Repeating Arms Company Historic District.) After the war, population grew and doubled by the start of the 20th century, most notably due to the influx of immigrants from southern Europe, particularly Italy. Today, roughly half the populations of East Haven, West Haven, and North Haven are Italian-American. Jewish immigration to New Haven has left an enduring mark on the city. Westville was the center of Jewish life in New Haven, though today many have fanned out to suburban communities such as Woodbridge and Cheshire.

Q1: What major war stimulated the New Haven economy by way of industrial goods purchased through the New Haven Arms Company?
A1: American Civil War
Q2: What was the New Haven Arms Company later renamed?
A2: Winchester Repeating Arms Company
Q3: The increase in immigrants from what country in southern Europe had a notable impact on the population growth in New Haven in the early 20th century?
A3: Italy
Q4: What ethnic group currently comprises approximately half the population of East Haven, West Haven and North Haven?
A4: Italian-American
Q5: What area of New Haven was known for being the center of the Jewish community?
A5: Westville
Q6: What was the original name of the famous rifle manufacturing companies in New Haven?
A6: New Haven Arms Company
Q7: In modern day New Haven who makes up for majority of the demographics in terms of ethnicity?
A7: Italian-American
Q8: The Civil War had many effects after the war, what was the main effect for New Haven?
A8: population grew and doubled
Military_history_of_the_United_States (History)

The American Civil War caught both sides unprepared. The Confederacy hoped to win by getting Britain and France to intervene, or else by wearing down the North's willingness to fight. The U.S. sought a quick victory focused on capturing the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia. The Confederates under Robert E. Lee tenaciously defended their capital until the very end. The war spilled across the continent, and even to the high seas. Most of the material and personnel of the South were used up, while the North prospered.

Q1: What was the Confederate overall strategy to win the Civil War?
A1: getting Britain and France to intervene
Q2: What was the Union's original war aim?
A2: capturing the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia
Q3: Who led the Confederate forces defending Richmond throughout the war?
A3: Robert E. Lee
Q4: How did the war effect both sides?
A4: the material and personnel of the South were used up, while the North prospered
United_States_Army (History)

The American Civil War was the costliest war for the U.S. in terms of casualties. After most slave states, located in the southern U.S., formed the Confederate States, C.S. troops led by former U.S. Army officers, mobilized a very large fraction of Southern white manpower. Forces of the United States (the "Union" or "the North") formed the Union Army consisting of a small body of regular army units and a large body of volunteer units raised from every state, north and south, except South Carolina.[citation needed]

Q1: Which war had the most U.S. casualties associated with it?
A1: The American Civil War
Q2: What were the U.S. forces referred to as?
A2: the "Union" or "the North"
Q3: What state did not contribute any troops to the Union Army?
A3: South Carolina
American_Idol (Music)

The American Idol Songwriter contest was also held this season. From ten of the most popular submissions, each of the final two contestants chose a song to perform, although neither of their selections was used as the "coronation song". The winning song, "The Time of My Life", was recorded by David Cook and released on May 22, 2008.

Q1: What was the name of the first song released by David Cook after winning American Idol?
A1: The Time of My Life
Q2: How was the winning single chose on season seven of American Idol?
A2: The American Idol Songwriter contest
Q3: What year did David Cook release the single, "The Time of My Life"?
A3: 2008
Q4: What was the coronation song?
A4: The Time of My Life
Q5: When did Cook release his version of The Time of My Life?
A5: May 22, 2008
Space_Race (History)

The American Lunar Module was finally ready for a successful piloted test flight in low Earth orbit on Apollo 9 in March 1969. The next mission, Apollo 10, conducted a "dress rehearsal" for the first landing in May 1969, flying the LM in lunar orbit as close as 47,400 feet (14.4 km) above the surface, the point where the powered descent to the surface would begin. With the LM proven to work well, the next step was to attempt the actual landing.

Q1: How close to the ground was the Lunar Module in May 1969 during its landing test?
A1: 47,400 feet
Q2: The Lunar Module completed its first low Earth orbit on what date?
A2: March 1969
Sexual_orientation (Natural sciences)

The American Psychological Association states that "[s]exual orientation refers to an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions to men, women, or both sexes" and that "[t]his range of behaviors and attractions has been described in various cultures and nations throughout the world. Many cultures use identity labels to describe people who express these attractions. In the United States, the most frequent labels are lesbians (women attracted to women), gay men (men attracted to men), and bisexual people (men or women attracted to both sexes). However, some people may use different labels or none at all". They additionally state that sexual orientation "is distinct from other components of sex and gender, including biological sex (the anatomical, physiological, and genetic characteristics associated with being male or female), gender identity (the psychological sense of being male or female), and social gender role (the cultural norms that define feminine and masculine behavior)". According to psychologists, sexual orientation also refers to a person’s choice of sexual partners, who may be homosexual, heterosexual, or bisexual.

Q1: What does the American Physocological Association say that sexual orientation refers to?
A1: an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions to men, women, or both sexes
Q2: What do a lot of cultures use to describe homosexual people?
A2: identity labels
Q3: What are the most used labels in America to describe homosexuals?
A3: lesbians (women attracted to women), gay men (men attracted to men), and bisexual people (men or women attracted to both sexes).
Q4: What do psychologists says sexual orientation can also mean?
A4: a person’s choice of sexual partners
Modern_history (Philosophy and religion)

The American Revolution begun with fighting at Lexington and Concord. On July 4, 1776, they issued the Declaration of Independence, which proclaimed their independence from Great Britain and their formation of a cooperative union. In June 1776, Benjamin Franklin was appointed a member of the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence. Although he was temporarily disabled by gout and unable to attend most meetings of the Committee, Franklin made several small changes to the draft sent to him by Thomas Jefferson.

Q1: Where did the American Revolution start?
A1: Lexington and Concord
Q2: What was issued on July 4, 1776?
A2: Declaration of Independence
Q3: What did the Declaration Of Independence proclaim?
A3: independence from Great Britain and their formation of a cooperative union.
Q4: What position was Ben Franklin appointed in 1776?
A4: member of the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence.
Q5: What was Ben Franklin disabled by? 
A5: gout
Hunting (Sports and recreation)

The American bison is a large bovid which inhabited much of western North America prior to the 1800s, living on the prairies in large herds. However, the vast herds of bison attracted market hunters, who killed dozens of bison for their hides only, leaving the rest to rot. Thousands of these hunters quickly eliminated the bison herds, bringing the population from several million in the early 1800s to a few hundred by the 1880s. Conservation efforts have allowed the population to increase, but the bison remains near-threatened.

Q1: What type of creature is the American bison?
A1: a large bovid
Q2: What did the American bison inhabit much of prior to the 1800s?
A2: western North America
Q3: What did market hunters leave the parts of the bison they didn't need to do?
A3: rot
Q4: What was the population of bison herds around prior to being eliminated by thousands of market hunters?
A4: several million
Q5: What is the current status of bison?
A5: near-threatened
Q6: What did large herds of bison attract?
A6: market hunters
Q7: What part of North America did the bison live?
A7: western
Q8: Why were the bison killed?
A8: for their hides
Q9: What did hunter do with the rest of the bison?
A9: leaving the rest to rot
Q10: What do bison still remain?
A10: near-threatened
The_Blitz (History)

The American observer Ingersoll reported at this time that "as to the accuracy of the bombing of military objectives, here I make no qualifications. The aim is surprisingly, astonishingly, amazingly inaccurate ... The physical damage to civilian London, to sum up, was more general and more extensive than I had imagined. The damage to military targets much less", and stated that he had seen numerous examples of untouched targets surrounded by buildings destroyed by errant bombs. For example, in two months of bombing, Battersea Power Station, perhaps the largest single target in London, had only received one minor hit ("a nick"). No bridge over the Thames had been hit, and the docks were still functioning despite great damage. An airfield was hit 56 times but the runways were never damaged and the field was never out of operation, despite German pilots' familiarity with it from prewar commercial flights. Ingersoll wrote that the difference between the failure of the German campaign against military targets versus its success in continental Europe was the RAF retaining control of the air.:79–80,174

Q1: What was the name of the American observer?
A1: Ingersoll
Q2: The American observer said what about the damage to London?
A2: to sum up, was more general and more extensive than I had imagined.
Q3: The Battersea Power Station took how many hits in two months?
A3: one minor hit ("a nick")
Q4: How many bridges over the Thames were struck?
A4: No bridge over the Thames had been hit
Q5: What did German pilots use to gain knowledge of an airfield?
A5: prewar commercial flights.
Multiracial_American (History)

The American people are mostly multi-ethnic descendants of various culturally distinct immigrant groups, many of which have now developed nations. Some consider themselves multiracial, while acknowledging race as a social construct. Creolization, assimilation and integration have been continuing processes. The African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968) and other social movements since the mid-twentieth century worked to achieve social justice and equal enforcement of civil rights under the constitution for all ethnicities. In the 2000s, less than 5% of the population identified as multiracial. In many instances, mixed racial ancestry is so far back in an individual's family history (for instance, before the Civil War or earlier), that it does not affect more recent ethnic and cultural identification.

Q1: What occured from 1955 to 1968?
A1: The African-American Civil Rights Movement
Q2: How much of the population identified as mixed race in the 2000s?
A2: less than 5%
Q3: What is race sometimes seen as?
A3: a social construct
Q4: Who are descendents of various culturally distinct groups?
A4: The American people
Q5: What does affect recent identification in many cases?
A5: mixed racial ancestry
Space_Race (History)

The American professor Robert H. Goddard had worked on developing solid-fuel rockets since 1914, and demonstrated a light battlefield rocket to the US Army Signal Corps only five days before the signing of the armistice that ended World War I. He also started developing liquid-fueled rockets in 1921; yet he had not been taken seriously by the public, and was not sponsored by the government as part of the post-WW II rocket development effort. Von Braun, himself inspired by Goddard's work, was bemused by this when debriefed by his American handlers, asking them, "Why didn't you just ask Dr. Goddard?"[citation needed]

Q1: What professor began working on solid-fuel rockets since 1914?
A1: Robert H. Goddard
Q2: Liquid-fueled rockets were developed in what year?
A2: 1921
Yale_University (History)

The American studies program reflected the worldwide anti-Communist ideological struggle. Norman Holmes Pearson, who worked for the Office of Strategic Studies in London during World War II, returned to Yale and headed the new American studies program, in which scholarship quickly became an instrument of promoting liberty. Popular among undergraduates, the program sought to instruct them in the fundamentals of American civilization and thereby instill a sense of nationalism and national purpose. Also during the 1940s and 1950s, Wyoming millionaire William Robertson Coe made large contributions to the American studies programs at Yale University and at the University of Wyoming. Coe was concerned to celebrate the 'values' of the Western United States in order to meet the "threat of communism."

Q1: Who was the first professor for the American studies program?
A1: Norman Holmes Pearson
Q2: Where did Norman Holmes Pearson work before Yale?
A2: Office of Strategic Studies in London
Q3: What did the American studies program hope to instruct?
A3: fundamentals of American civilization
Q4: Who contributed to the American studies programs at Yale and University of Wyoming?
A4: William Robertson Coe
Q5: Why did Coe donate to American studies programs?
A5: to celebrate the 'values' of the Western United States
Liberia (History)

The Americo-Liberian settlers did not identify with the indigenous peoples they encountered, especially those in communities of the more isolated "bush." They knew nothing of their cultures, languages or animist religion. Encounters with tribal Africans in the bush often developed as violent confrontations. The colonial settlements were raided by the Kru and Grebo people from their inland chiefdoms. Because of feeling set apart and superior by their culture and education to the indigenous peoples, the Americo-Liberians developed as a small elite that held on to political power. It excluded the indigenous tribesmen from birthright citizenship in their own lands until 1904, in a repetition of the United States' treatment of Native Americans. Because of the cultural gap between the groups and assumption of superiority of western culture, the Americo-Liberians envisioned creating a western-style state to which the tribesmen should assimilate. They encouraged religious organizations to set up missions and schools to educate the indigenous peoples.

Q1: The americo-liberians did not identify with who?
A1: indigenous peoples they encountered,
Q2: What were americo-liberians encounters like with tribal Africans"
A2: violent confrontations.
Q3: Who raided the colonial settlements?
A3: the Kru and Grebo people from their inland chiefdoms.
Q4: What did Americo-liberians exclude tribes from?
A4: citizenship in their own lands
Q5: Americo-Liberians set up missions and schools to do what? 
A5: to educate the indigenous peoples.
Hokkien (Language and literature)

The Amoy dialect (Xiamen) is a hybrid of the Quanzhou and Zhangzhou dialects. Taiwanese is also a hybrid of these two dialects. Taiwanese in northern Taiwan tends to be based on the Quanzhou variety, whereas the Taiwanese spoken in southern Taiwan tends to be based on Zhangzhou speech. There are minor variations in pronunciation and vocabulary between Quanzhou and Zhangzhou dialects. The grammar is generally the same. Additionally, extensive contact with the Japanese language has left a legacy of Japanese loanwords in Taiwanese Hokkien. On the other hand, the variants spoken in Singapore and Malaysia have a substantial number of loanwords from Malay and to a lesser extent, from English and other Chinese varieties, such as the closely related Teochew and some Cantonese.

Q1: The Amoy dialect is a hybrid of what two dialects?
A1: Quanzhou and Zhangzhou
Q2: Besides Amoy, what is another hybrid of Quanzhou and Zhangzhou?
A2: Taiwanese
Q3: What is Taiwanese in Northern Taiwan based on?
A3: Quanzhou
Q4: What is Taiwanese in Southern Taiwan based on?
A4: Zhangzhou speech
Q5: In Singapore, the varient of Hokkien has a significant amount of loanwords from where?
A5: Malay
Near_East (Geography and places)

The Ancient Near East is a term of the 20th century intended to stabilize the geographical application of Near East to ancient history.[citation needed] The Near East may acquire varying meanings, but the Ancient Near East always has the same meaning: the ancient nations, people and languages of the enhanced Fertile Crescent, a sweep of land from the Nile Valley through Anatolia and southward to the limits of Mesopotamia.

Q1: What is a term of the 20th centrury intended to stabilize the geographical application of Near East to ancient history?
A1: The Ancient Near East
Q2: The ancient nations, people and languages of the enhanced Fertile Crescent will always refer to what?
A2: the Ancient Near East
Q3: What is the sweep of land from the Nile Valley through Anatolia called?
A3: Fertile Crescent
Southeast_Asia (Geography and places)

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India are geographically considered part of Southeast Asia. Eastern Bangladesh and the Seven Sister States of India are culturally part of Southeast Asia and sometimes considered both South Asian and Southeast Asian. The Seven Sister States of India are also geographically part of Southeast Asia.[citation needed] The rest of the island of New Guinea which is not part of Indonesia, namely, Papua New Guinea, is sometimes included so are Palau, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands, which were all part of the Spanish East Indies.[citation needed]

Q1: Which Island is geographically considered a part of Southeast Asia?
A1: The Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Q2: Which countries are culturally a part of Southeast Asia?
A2: Eastern Bangladesh and the Seven Sister States of India
Q3: Which islands were a part of the Spanish East Indies?
A3: Papua New Guinea, is sometimes included so are Palau, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands
Pub (History)

The Angel, Islington was formerly a coaching inn, the first on the route northwards out of London, where Thomas Paine is believed to have written much of The Rights of Man. It was mentioned by Charles Dickens, became a Lyons Corner House, and is now a Co-operative Bank.

Q1: At what pub did Thomas Paine write The Rights of Man?
A1: The Angel
Q2: In what district of London is The Angel located?
A2: Islington
Q3: What writer mentioned The Angel pub in his writings?
A3: Charles Dickens
Q4: What is the present status of the Angel pub?
A4: a Co-operative Bank
Q5: Prior to becoming a pub, what did the Angel serve as?
A5: a coaching inn
Seven_Years%27_War (History)

The Anglo-French hostilities were ended in 1763 by the Treaty of Paris, which involved a complex series of land exchanges, the most important being France's cession to Spain of Louisiana, and to Great Britain the rest of New France except for the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon. Faced with the choice of retrieving either New France or its Caribbean island colonies of Guadeloupe and Martinique, France chose the latter to retain these lucrative sources of sugar, writing off New France as an unproductive, costly territory. France also returned Minorca to the British. Spain lost control of Florida to Great Britain, but it received from the French the Île d'Orléans and all of the former French holdings west of the Mississippi River. The exchanges suited the British as well, as their own Caribbean islands already supplied ample sugar, and, with the acquisition of New France and Florida, they now controlled all of North America east of the Mississippi.

Q1: How were the British-French hostilities concluded?
A1: hostilities were ended in 1763 by the Treaty of Paris
Q2: Who ended up owning Louisiana?
A2: the most important being France's cession to Spain of Louisiana
Q3: What part of North America did Britain end up with?
A3: they now controlled all of North America east of the Mississippi.
Q4: What did France get that gave them a supply of sugar?
A4: Caribbean island colonies of Guadeloupe and Martinique, France chose the latter
Q5: What country ended up with Lie d'Orleans
A5: Spain lost control of Florida to Great Britain, but it received from the French the Île d'Orléans
Southampton (Geography and places)

The Anglo-Saxons formed a new, larger, settlement across the Itchen centred on what is now the St Mary's area of the city. The settlement was known as Hamwic, which evolved into Hamtun and then Hampton. Archaeological excavations of this site have uncovered one of the best collections of Saxon artefacts in Europe. It is from this town that the county of Hampshire gets its name.

Q1: What people established a settlement in what is now the St. Mary's area of Southampton?
A1: Anglo-Saxons
Q2: What name did the Anglo-Saxons give their settlement first?
A2: Hamwic
Q3: What name did Hamwic have in the interim as it was evolving into Hampton?
A3: Hamtun
Q4: What county in England was named after Hampton?
A4: Hampshire
Q5: What river separated Hamwic from the home of previous settlers?
A5: Itchen
Ann_Arbor,_Michigan (History)

The Ann Arbor Hands-On Museum is located in a renovated and expanded historic downtown fire station. Multiple art galleries exist in the city, notably in the downtown area and around the University of Michigan campus. Aside from a large restaurant scene in the Main Street, South State Street, and South University Avenue areas, Ann Arbor ranks first among U.S. cities in the number of booksellers and books sold per capita. The Ann Arbor District Library maintains four branch outlets in addition to its main downtown building. The city is also home to the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.

Q1: Which museum is located at Ann Arbors historic downtown fire station?
A1: The Ann Arbor Hands-On Museum
Q2: Ann Arbor ranks 1st among what goods sold?
A2: books
Q3: Which presidential library is located in Ann Arbor?
A3: Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library
Ann_Arbor,_Michigan (History)

The Ann Arbor News, owned by the Michigan-based Booth Newspapers chain, is the major daily newspaper serving Ann Arbor and the rest of Washtenaw County. The newspaper ended its 174-year print run in 2009, due to economic difficulties. It was replaced by AnnArbor.com, but returned to a limited print publication under its former name in 2013. Another Ann Arbor-based publication that has ceased production was the Ann Arbor Paper, a free monthly. Ann Arbor has been said to be the first significant city to lose its only daily paper. The Ann Arbor Chronicle, an online newspaper, covered local news, including meetings of the library board, county commission, and DDA until September 3, 2014.

Q1: Who owns Ann Arbor news?
A1: Booth Newspapers
Q2: When did the Ann Arbor news end its print?
A2: 2009
Q3: Which was the only city in the US to loose its only daily paper?
A3: Ann Arbor