LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Charleston,_South_Carolina (Geography and places)

The early settlement was often subject to attack from sea and land, including periodic assaults from Spain and France (both of whom contested England's claims to the region), and pirates. These were combined with raids by Native Americans, who tried to protect themselves from so-called European "settlers," who in turn wanted to expand the settlement. The heart of the city was fortified according to a 1704 plan by Governor Johnson. Except those fronting Cooper River, the walls were largely removed during the 1720s.

Q1: Which country along with France contested England's claim to the Charleston region?
A1: Spain
Q2: Which group raided the settlement as a means to protect themselves from settlers?
A2: Native Americans
Q3: Whose 1704 plan was used to fortified the city?
A3: Governor Johnson
Q4: The majority of the fort walls were removed in what decade?
A4: 1720s
Q5: Beside European nations and Native Americans, who else attacked the Charleston settlement?
A5: pirates
Mammal (Natural sciences)

The early synapsid mammalian ancestors were sphenacodont pelycosaurs, a group that produced the non-mammalian Dimetrodon. At the end of the Carboniferous period, this group diverged from the sauropsid line that led to today's reptiles and birds. The line following the stem group Sphenacodontia split-off several diverse groups of non-mammalian synapsids—sometimes referred to as mammal-like reptiles—before giving rise to the proto-mammals (Therapsida) in the early Mesozoic era. The modern mammalian orders arose in the Paleogene and Neogene periods of the Cenozoic era, after the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs 66 million years ago.

Q1: From which time period did birds and reptiles began to appear from?
A1: Carboniferous period
Q2: When did non-avian dinosaurs become extinct?
A2: 66 million years ago
Q3: Which early mammalian ancestor produced non-mammalian Dimetroden?
A3: sphenacodont pelycosaurs
Central_Intelligence_Agency (Geography and places)

The early track record of the CIA was poor, with the agency unable to provide sufficient intelligence about the Soviet takeovers of Romania and Czechoslovakia, the Soviet blockade of Berlin, and the Soviet atomic bomb project. In particular, the agency failed to predict the Chinese entry into the Korean War with 300,000 troops. The famous double agent Kim Philby was the British liaison to American Central Intelligence. Through him the CIA coordinated hundreds of airdrops inside the iron curtain, all compromised by Philby. Arlington Hall, the nerve center of CIA cryptanalysisl was compromised by Bill Weisband, a Russian translator and Soviet spy. The CIA would reuse the tactic of dropping plant agents behind enemy lines by parachute again on China, and North Korea. This too would be fruitless.

Q1: How many troops did the Chinese enter into the Korean War?
A1: 300,000
Q2: Who compromised hundreds of airdrops?
A2: Kim Philby
Q3: Who was a Russian translator and Soviet Spy?
A3: Bill Weisband
Apollo (Philosophy and religion)

The earth deity had power over the ghostly world, and it is believed that she was the deity behind the oracle. The older tales mentioned two dragons who were perhaps intentionally conflated. A female dragon named Delphyne (δελφύς, "womb"), who is obviously connected with Delphi and Apollo Delphinios, and a male serpent Typhon (τύφειν, "to smoke"), the adversary of Zeus in the Titanomachy, who the narrators confused with Python. Python was the good daemon (ἀγαθὸς δαίμων) of the temple as it appears in Minoan religion, but she was represented as a dragon, as often happens in Northern European folklore as well as in the East.

Q1: Who was the adversary of Zeus in the titanomachy?
A1: Typhon
Q2: Who did the narrator confuse with Phyton?
A2: Typhon
Q3: Who was represented as a dragon?
A3: Python
2008_Sichuan_earthquake (Natural sciences)

The earthquake also provided opportunities for researchers to retrofit data in order to model future earthquake predictions. Using data from the Intermagnet Lanzhou geomagnetic observatory, geologists Lazo Pekevski from the Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje in Macedonia and Strachimir Mavrodiev from the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences attempted to establish a "time prediction method" through collecting statistics on geomagnetism with tidal gravitational potential. Using this method, they were said to have predicted the time of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake with an accuracy of ±1 day. The same study, however, acknowledges the limitation of earthquake prediction models, and does not mention that the location of the quake could be accurately predicted.

Q1: What did the earthquake allow?
A1: opportunities for researchers to retrofit data in order to model future earthquake predictions
Q2: What did the professors predict?
A2: the time of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake
Q3: What did they try to establish?
A3: time prediction method
Q4: What did they collect to use in this method?
A4: statistics
2008_Sichuan_earthquake (Natural sciences)

The earthquake had a magnitude of 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw. The epicenter was in Wenchuan County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, 80 km west/northwest of the provincial capital of Chengdu, with its main tremor occurring at 14:28:01.42 China Standard Time (06:28:01.42 UTC), on May 12, 2008 lasting for around 2 minutes, in the quake almost 80% of buildings were destroyed.

Q1: Where was the epicenter?
A1: Wenchuan County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture
Q2: How long did the earthquake last?
A2: 2 minutes
Q3: What percentage of buildings were destroyed?
A3: 80%
Q4: What was the magnitude of the earthquake?
A4: 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw
Q5: How long did the main tremor last?
A5: 2 minutes
Q6: What percentage of buildings were destroyed during the quake?
A6: almost 80%
2008_Sichuan_earthquake (Natural sciences)

The earthquake left at least 5 million people without housing, although the number could be as high as 11 million. Millions of livestock and a significant amount of agriculture were also destroyed, including 12.5 million animals, mainly birds. In the Sichuan province a million pigs died out of 60 million total. Catastrophe modeling firm AIR Worldwide reported official estimates of insurers' losses at US$1 billion from the earthquake; estimated total damages exceed US$20 billion. It values Chengdu, at the time having an urban population of 4.5 million people, at around US$115 billion, with only a small portion covered by insurance.

Q1: How many people were left without housing?
A1: 5 million
Q2: How many people could be potentially without housing?
A2: 11 million
Q3: How many animals were killed?
A3: 12.5 million
Q4: How many pigs died in Sichuan?
A4: 1 million
Q5: Because of the earthquake, how many people did not have housing?
A5: at least 5 million
Q6: How many people might actually be homeless?
A6: 11 million
Q7: How much livestock was lost?
A7: 12.5 million animals
Q8: How many pigs died from the earthquake in Sichuan ?
A8: a million
2008_Sichuan_earthquake (Natural sciences)

The earthquake was the worst to strike the Sichuan area in over 30 years. Following the quake, experts and the general public sought information on whether or not the earthquake could have been predicted in advance, and whether or not studying statistics related to the quake could result in better prediction of earthquakes in the future. Earthquake prediction is not yet established science; there was no consensus within the scientific community that earthquake "prediction" is possible.

Q1: How long had it been since an earthquake of similar magnitude?
A1: over 30 years
Q2: How long since the Sichuan area has had  a severe quake?
A2: 30 years
Q3: Does the scientific community agree that earthquake prediction is possible?
A3: no consensus
Q4: People wanted to know if the study of what math could produce better predictions?
A4: statistics
Q5: What is not an established science?
A5: Earthquake prediction
MP3 (Engineering and technology)

The ease of creating and sharing MP3s resulted in widespread copyright infringement. Major record companies argued that this free sharing of music reduced sales, and called it "music piracy". They reacted by pursuing lawsuits against Napster (which was eventually shut down and later sold) and against individual users who engaged in file sharing.

Q1: What kind of infringement resulted from sharing MP3s?
A1: copyright
Q2: What name did the record companies associate with MP3 file sharing?
A2: music piracy
Q3: Who was the target of the record companies?
A3: Napster
Q4: What happened to Napster?
A4: shut down and later sold
Geography_of_the_United_States (Geography and places)

The east coast Appalachian system, originally forest covered, is relatively low and narrow and is bordered on the southeast and south by an important coastal plain. The Cordilleran system on the western side of the continent is lofty, broad and complicated having two branches, the Rocky Mountain System and the Pacific Mountain System. In between these mountain systems lie the Intermontaine Plateaus. Both the Columbia River and Colorado River rise far inland near the easternmost members of the Cordilleran system, and flow through plateaus and intermontaine basins to the ocean. Heavy forests cover the northwest coast, but elsewhere trees are found only on the higher ranges below the Alpine region. The intermontane valleys, plateaus and basins range from treeless to desert with the most arid region being in the southwest.

Q1: What originally covered the east coast of the Appalachians?
A1: forest
Q2: What are the two branches of the Cordilleran system?
A2: Rocky Mountain System and the Pacific Mountain System
Q3: Which two major rivers are located in the Cordilleran system?
A3: Columbia River and Colorado River
Q4: Which region of the Appalachians is the most arid?
A4: southwest
Gothic_architecture (Art and architecture)

The eastern arm shows considerable diversity. In England it is generally long and may have two distinct sections, both choir and presbytery. It is often square ended or has a projecting Lady Chapel, dedicated to the Virgin Mary. In France the eastern end is often polygonal and surrounded by a walkway called an ambulatory and sometimes a ring of chapels called a "chevet". While German churches are often similar to those of France, in Italy, the eastern projection beyond the transept is usually just a shallow apsidal chapel containing the sanctuary, as at Florence Cathedral.

Q1: In England, which arm would generally show two distinct sections, choir and presbytery?
A1: The eastern arm
Q2: Who is a projecting Lady Chapel dedicated to?
A2: the Virgin Mary
Q3: What shape does the eastern end often exhibit in France?
A3: polygonal
Q4: What is the ring of chapels found in the eastern end of French chapels known as?
A4: chevet
Q5: In Italy, the eastern projection beyond the transept often contains what?
A5: the sanctuary
Tuvalu (Geography and places)

The eastern shoreline of Funafuti Lagoon was modified during World War II when the airfield (what is now Funafuti International Airport) was constructed. The coral base of the atoll was used as fill to create the runway. The resulting borrow pits impacted the fresh-water aquifer. In the low areas of Funafuti the sea water can be seen bubbling up through the porous coral rock to form pools with each high tide. Since 1994 a project has been in development to assess the environmental impact of transporting sand from the lagoon to fill all the borrow pits and low-lying areas on Fongafale. In 2014 the Tuvalu Borrow Pits Remediation (BPR) project was approved in order to fill 10 borrow pits, leaving Tafua Pond, which is a natural pond. The New Zealand Government funded the BPR project. The project was carried out in 2015 with 365,000 sqm of sand being dredged from the lagoon to fill the holes and improve living conditions on the island. This project increase the usable land space on Fongafale by eight per cent.

Q1: What is the modern name for the air field built during WWII?
A1: Funafuti International Airport
Q2: What was damaged by building of the war time air field?
A2: Funafuti Lagoon
Q3: What has the pits from the Tuvalu air runways construction  impacted?
A3: fresh-water aquifer
Q4: What government funded the restoration of the borrow pits on Tuvalu?
A4: New Zealand Government
Q5: How much increase in land space did the filling of the borrow pits cause?
A5: eight per cent
Tennessee (Geography and places)

The easternmost section, about 10 miles (16 km) in width, consists of hilly land that runs along the western bank of the Tennessee River. To the west of this narrow strip of land is a wide area of rolling hills and streams that stretches all the way to the Mississippi River; this area is called the Tennessee Bottoms or bottom land. In Memphis, the Tennessee Bottoms end in steep bluffs overlooking the river. To the west of the Tennessee Bottoms is the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, less than 300 feet (90 m) above sea level. This area of lowlands, flood plains, and swamp land is sometimes referred to as the Delta region. Memphis is the economic center of West Tennessee and the largest city in the state.

Q1: What is the lowland area of Tennessee between the Tennessee River and Mississippi River called?
A1: Tennessee Bottoms
Q2: What geographical region lies west of the Tennessee bottom land?
A2: Mississippi Alluvial Plain
Q3: What maximum elevation is the land in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain?
A3: 300 feet (90 m) above sea level
Q4: What city is central to the economy of West Tennessee?
A4: Memphis
Middle_Ages (History)

The ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Empire survived the movements and invasions in the west mostly intact, but the papacy was little regarded, and few of the western bishops looked to the bishop of Rome for religious or political leadership. Many of the popes prior to 750 were more concerned with Byzantine affairs and eastern theological controversies. The register, or archived copies of the letters, of Pope Gregory the Great (pope 590–604) survived, and of those more than 850 letters, the vast majority were concerned with affairs in Italy or Constantinople. The only part of Western Europe where the papacy had influence was Britain, where Gregory had sent the Gregorian mission in 597 to convert the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity. Irish missionaries were most active in Western Europe between the 5th and the 7th centuries, going first to England and Scotland and then on to the continent. Under such monks as Columba (d. 597) and Columbanus (d. 615), they founded monasteries, taught in Latin and Greek, and authored secular and religious works.

Q1: When did Gregory the Great become pope?
A1: 590
Q2: About how many of Gregory's letters were concerned with Constantinople or Italy?
A2: 850
Q3: In what region of Western Europe did the pope have influence?
A3: Britain
Q4: When did the Gregorian mission travel to Britain?
A4: 597
Q5: When did Columbanus die?
A5: 615
Kathmandu (Geography and places)

The economic output of the metropolitan area alone is worth more than one third of national GDP around $6.5billion in terms of nominal GDP NR.s 550 billion approximately per year $2200 per capital income approx three times national average. Kathmandu exports handicrafts, artworks, garments, carpets, pashmina, paper; trade accounts for 21% of its finances.[which?] Manufacturing is also important and accounts for 19% of the revenue that Kathmandu generates. Garments and woolen carpets are the most notable manufactured products. Other economic sectors in Kathmandu include agriculture (9%), education (6%), transport (6%), and hotels and restaurants (5%). Kathmandu is famous for lokta paper and pashmina shawls.

Q1: Approximately what portion of Nepal's GDP is produced by the Kathmandu metropolitan area?
A1: one third
Q2: What do Kathmandu residents earn per capita each year?
A2: $2200
Q3: What is the GDP of Kathmandu?
A3: 6.5billion
Q4: What percentage of Kathmandu's economy is trade?
A4: 21
Q5: What portion of Kathmandu's economy consists of agriculture?
A5: 9%
Mexico_City (Geography and places)

The economic reforms of President Carlos Salinas de Gortari had a tremendous effect on the city, as a number of businesses, including banks and airlines, were privatized. He also signed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). This led to decentralization and a shift in Mexico City's economic base, from manufacturing to services, as most factories moved away to either the State of Mexico, or more commonly to the northern border. By contrast, corporate office buildings set their base in the city.

Q1: Who privatized the airlines of Mexico?
A1: President Carlos Salinas de Gortari
Q2: Who signed NAFTA for Mexico?
A2: President Carlos Salinas de Gortari
Q3: What did NAFTA do to the businesses in Mexico City?
A3: led to decentralization and a shift in Mexico City's economic base, from manufacturing to services
Q4: Where did the factories of Mexico City move to most commonly?
A4: northern border
Ottoman_Empire (History)

The economic structure of the Empire was defined by its geopolitical structure. The Ottoman Empire stood between the West and the East, thus blocking the land route eastward and forcing Spanish and Portuguese navigators to set sail in search of a new route to the Orient. The Empire controlled the spice route that Marco Polo once used. When Vasco da Gama bypassed Ottoman controlled routes and established direct trade links with India in 1498, and Christopher Columbus first journeyed to the Bahamas in 1492, the Ottoman Empire was at its zenith.

Q1: What serviced as the foundation for the structure of the economy of the Ottoman empire?
A1: its geopolitical structure
Q2: The Ottoman Empire caused navigators from which two nations to find another route to the Orient?
A2: Spanish and Portuguese
Q3: Who once used the spice route that the Ottoman Empire controlled?
A3: Marco Polo
Q4: When were direct trade links established with India?
A4: 1498
Q5: When did Christopher Columbus sail to the Bahamas?
A5: 1492
Rule_of_law (History)

The economist F. A. Hayek analyzed how the Rule of Law might be beneficial to the free market. Hayek proposed that under the Rule of Law individuals would be able to make wise investments and future plans with some confidence in a successful return on investment when he stated: "under the Rule of Law the government is prevented from stultifying individual efforts by ad hoc action. Within the known rules of the game the individual is free to pursue his personal ends and desires, certain that the powers of government will not be used deliberately to frustrate his efforts."

Q1: What is F.A. Hayek's profession?
A1: economist
Q2: According to Hayek, with the rule of law in place what will help people make more wise investments?
A2: confidence in a successful return on investment
Q3: According to Hayek, limited governemnt power through the rule of law does not do what to people?
A3: frustrate his efforts
Q4: According to Hayek, people are free to do what within the rule of law?
A4: pursue his personal ends and desires
Valencia (Geography and places)

The economy began to recover in the early 1960s, and the city experienced explosive population growth through immigration spurred by the jobs created with the implementation of major urban projects and infrastructure improvements. With the advent of democracy in Spain, the ancient kingdom of Valencia was established as a new autonomous entity, the Valencian Community, the Statute of Autonomy of 1982 designating Valencia as its capital. On the night of 23 February 1981, shortly after Antonio Tejero had stormed Congress, the Captain General of the Third Military Region, Jaime Milans del Bosch, rose up in Valencia, put tanks on the streets, declared a state of emergency and tried to convince other senior military figures to support the coup. After the televised message of King Juan Carlos I, those in the military who had not yet aligned themselves decided to remain loyal to the government, and the coup failed. Despite this lack of support, Milans del Bosch only surrendered at 5 a.m. on the next day, 24 February.

Q1: When democracy began in Spain, what did the kingdom of Valencia become?
A1: the Valencian Community
Q2: Who led a coup in Valencia?
A2: Jaime Milans del Bosch
Q3: Whose message convinced much of the military to stay loyal?
A3: King Juan Carlos I
Q4: When did Milans del Bosch surrender?
A4: 24 February
Q5: What law made Valencia the capital of its region?
A5: Statute of Autonomy
St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador (Geography and places)

The economy has been growing quickly in recent years. In both 2010 and 2011, the metro area's gross domestic product (GDP) led 27 other metropolitan areas in the country, according to the Conference Board of Canada, recording growth of 6.6 per cent and 5.8 per cent respectively. At $52,000 the city's per capita GDP is the second highest out of all major Canadian cities. Economic forecasts suggest that the city will continue its strong economic growth in the coming years not only in the "oceanic" industries mentioned above, but also in tourism and new home construction as the population continues to grow. In May 2011, the city's unemployment rate fell to 5.6 per cent, the second lowest unemployment rate for a major city in Canada.

Q1: What has been growing in the recent years?
A1: economy
Q2: When did the unemployment rate fall to 5.6 per cent?
A2: May 2011
Q3: What was the city's unemployment rate in May 2011?
A3: 5.6 per cent
Q4: What is the city's per capita GDP?
A4: $52,000
Republic_of_the_Congo (Geography and places)

The economy is a mixture of village agriculture and handicrafts, an industrial sector based largely on petroleum, support services, and a government characterized by budget problems and overstaffing. Petroleum extraction has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy. In 2008, oil sector accounted for 65% of the GDP, 85% of government revenue, and 92% of exports. The country also has large untapped mineral wealth.

Q1: What is the focus of the Congo's industrial production?
A1: Petroleum
Q2: What are two issues in the Congolese government?
A2: budget problems and overstaffing
Q3: What did petroleum production replace as the focus of the economy?
A3: forestry
Q4: What percentage of the Congo's gross domestic product did petroleum account for in 2008?
A4: 65%
Q5: What percentage of exported goods did oil account for in 2008?
A5: 92%
Himachal_Pradesh (Social sciences and society)

The economy of Himachal Pradesh is currently the third-fastest growing economy in India.[citation needed] Himachal Pradesh has been ranked fourth in the list of the highest per capita incomes of Indian states. This has made it one of the wealthiest places in the entire South Asia. Abundance of perennial rivers enables Himachal to sell hydroelectricity to other states such as Delhi, Punjab, and Rajasthan. The economy of the state is highly dependent on three sources: hydroelectric power, tourism, and agriculture.[citation needed]

Q1: What is the third fastest growing economy in India?
A1: Himachal Pradesh
Q2: What is Himachal Pradesh ranked in the highest per capita of Indian States?
A2: fourth
Q3: What enables Himachal to sell hydroelectricity to other states?
A3: Abundance of perennial rivers
Q4: What three things is the economy of the state dependent on?
A4: hydroelectric power, tourism, and agriculture
Q5: What other Indian states does it sell hydroelectricity to?
A5: Delhi, Punjab, and Rajasthan