LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Cork_(city) (History)

Cork features architecturally notable buildings originating from the Medieval to Modern periods. The only notable remnant of the Medieval era is the Red Abbey. There are two cathedrals in the city; St. Mary's Cathedral and Saint Fin Barre's Cathedral. St Mary's Cathedral, often referred to as the North Cathedral, is the Catholic cathedral of the city and was begun in 1808. Its distinctive tower was added in the 1860s. St Fin Barre's Cathedral serves the Protestant faith and is possibly the more famous of the two. It is built on the foundations of an earlier cathedral. Work began in 1862 and ended in 1879 under the direction of architect William Burges.

Q1: From which periods are the buildings in Cork from?
A1: Medieval to Modern
Q2: What is so special about the Red Abbey in Cork?
A2: only notable remnant of the Medieval era
Q3: How many cathedrals does Cork host?
A3: two
Q4: What is the Catholic cathedral of Cork?
A4: St Mary's Cathedral
Q5: What else is St. Mary's known as?
A5: North Cathedral
Cork_(city) (History)

Cork has been culturally diverse for many years, from Huguenot communities in the 17th century, through to Eastern European communities and a smaller numbers from African and Asian nations in the 20th and 21st centuries. This is reflected in the multi-cultural restaurants and shops, including specialist shops for East-European or Middle-Eastern food, Chinese and Thai restaurants, French patisseries, Indian buffets, and Middle Eastern kebab houses. Cork saw some Jewish immigration from Lithuania and Russia in the late 19th century. Jewish citizens such as Gerald Goldberg (several times Lord Mayor), David Marcus (novelist) and Louis Marcus (documentary maker) played notable roles in 20th century Cork. Today, the Jewish community is relatively small in population, although the city still has a Jewish quarter and synagogue. Cork also features various Christian churches, as well as a mosque. Some Catholic masses around the city are said in Polish, Filipino, Lithuanian, Romanian and other languages, in addition to the traditional Latin and local Irish and English language services.

Q1: What are 2 major cultural influences of Cork?
A1: Huguenot communities in the 17th century, through to Eastern European communities
Q2: What things show Corks diverse culural background?
A2: multi-cultural restaurants and shops
Q3: When did Cork begin to see people from Russia and Lithuania immigrating to their city?
A3: late 19th century
Q4: What types of religions can be found in Cork?
A4: various Christian churches, as well as a mosque
Q5: How do the Catholic churches handle the diverse languages of Cork?
A5: masses around the city are said in Polish, Filipino, Lithuanian, Romanian and other languages, in addition to the traditional Latin and local Irish and English
Cork_(city) (History)

Cork is home to one of Ireland's main national newspapers, the Irish Examiner (formerly the Cork Examiner). It also prints the Evening Echo, which for decades has been connected to the Echo Boys, who were poor and often homeless children who sold the newspaper. Today, the shouts of the vendors selling the Echo can still be heard in various parts of the city centre. One of the biggest free newspapers in the city is the Cork Independent. The city's University publishes the UCC Express and Motley magazine.

Q1: WHich Irish newspaper has it's homebase in Cork, Ireland?
A1: the Irish Examiner
Q2: What was the Irish Examiner's previous identity?
A2: Cork Examiner
Q3: Who are the Echo Boys?
A3: poor and often homeless children who sold the newspaper
Q4: What newspaper did the Echo Boys sell?
A4: Evening Echo
Q5: What publications are put out by the UCC?
A5: UCC Express and Motley magazine
Cork_(city) (History)

Cork is home to the RTÉ Vanbrugh Quartet, and to many musical acts, including John Spillane, The Frank And Walters, Sultans of Ping, Simple Kid, Microdisney, Fred, Mick Flannery and the late Rory Gallagher. Singer songwriter Cathal Coughlan and Sean O'Hagan of The High Llamas also hail from Cork. The opera singers Cara O'Sullivan, Mary Hegarty, Brendan Collins, and Sam McElroy are also Cork born. Ranging in capacity from 50 to 1,000, the main music venues in the city are the Cork Opera House (capacity c.1000), Cyprus Avenue, Triskel Christchurch, the Roundy, the Savoy and Coughlan's.[citation needed] Cork's underground scene is supported by Plugd Records.[citation needed]

Q1: Which group members of The High Llamas are from Cork?
A1: Cathal Coughlan and Sean O'Hagan
Q2: Which major opera singers were born in Cork?
A2: Cara O'Sullivan, Mary Hegarty, Brendan Collins, and Sam McElroy
Q3: Who runs the underground music scene in Cork?
A3: Plugd Records
Q4: What are the main attractions in Cork?
A4: Cork Opera House (capacity c.1000), Cyprus Avenue, Triskel Christchurch, the Roundy, the Savoy and Coughlan's
Q5: Which famous quartet calls Cork it's home?
A5: RTÉ Vanbrugh Quartet
Cork_(city) (History)

Cork was one of the most rail-oriented cities in Ireland, featuring eight stations at various times. The main route, still much the same today, is from Dublin Heuston. Originally terminating on the city's outskirts at Blackpool, the route now reaches the city centre terminus of Kent Station via Glanmire tunnel. Now a through station, the line through Kent connects the towns of Cobh and Midleton east of the city. This also connected to the seaside town of Youghal, until the 1980s.[citation needed]

Q1: How many rail stations has cork had over the years?
A1: eight
Q2: What connects Cobh and Midleton to Cork?
A2: the line through Kent
Q3: Where does the main rail originate?
A3: Dublin Heuston
Q4: Where was the original end of the line?
A4: Blackpool
Q5: What was Ireland's most rail-centric city?
A5: Cork
Cork_(city) (History)

Cork was originally a monastic settlement, reputedly founded by Saint Finbarr in the 6th century. Cork achieved an urban character at some point between 915 and 922 when Norseman (Viking) settlers founded a trading port. It has been proposed that, like Dublin, Cork was an important trading centre in the global Scandinavian trade network. The ecclesiastical settlement continued alongside the Viking longphort, with the two developing a type of symbiotic relationship; the Norsemen providing otherwise unobtainable trade goods for the monastery, and perhaps also military aid.

Q1: Who was thought to have founded Cork?
A1: Saint Finbarr
Q2: When was Cork believed to have been founded?
A2: 6th century
Q3: When did Viking travelers establish a trading post in Cork?
A3: some point between 915 and 922
Q4: What kind of settlement was Cork?
A4: ecclesiastical
Q5: What did the Norsemen provide to the monastery?
A5: otherwise unobtainable trade goods
Apollo (Philosophy and religion)

Coronis, was daughter of Phlegyas, King of the Lapiths. Pregnant with Asclepius, Coronis fell in love with Ischys, son of Elatus. A crow informed Apollo of the affair. When first informed he disbelieved the crow and turned all crows black (where they were previously white) as a punishment for spreading untruths. When he found out the truth he sent his sister, Artemis, to kill Coronis (in other stories, Apollo himself had killed Coronis). As a result, he also made the crow sacred and gave them the task of announcing important deaths. Apollo rescued the baby and gave it to the centaur Chiron to raise. Phlegyas was irate after the death of his daughter and burned the Temple of Apollo at Delphi. Apollo then killed him for what he did.

Q1: Who was the daughter of Phlegyas?
A1: Coronis
Q2: Who owas King of the Lapiths?
A2: Phlegyas
Q3: How was Apollo informed of the affair between Coronis and Ischys?
A3: A crow
Q4: Who was the son of Elatus?
A4: Ischys
Copyright_infringement (Language and literature)

Corporations and legislatures take different types of preventative measures to deter copyright infringement, with much of the focus since the early 1990s being on preventing or reducing digital methods of infringement. Strategies include education, civil & criminal legislation, and international agreements, as well as publicizing anti-piracy litigation successes and imposing forms of digital media copy protection, such as controversial DRM technology and anti-circumvention laws, which limit the amount of control consumers have over the use of products and content they have purchased.

Q1: Who takes different steps to prevent infringement?
A1: Corporations and legislatures
Q2: What is the major focus of these steps?
A2: preventing or reducing digital methods of infringement
Q3: What kinds of legislation are a strategy for preventing infringement?
A3: civil & criminal
Q4: What does DRM and anti-circumvention laws do?
A4: limit the amount of control consumers have
Political_corruption (Social sciences and society)

Corruption also generates economic distortion in the public sector by diverting public investment into capital projects where bribes and kickbacks are more plentiful. Officials may increase the technical complexity of public sector projects to conceal or pave the way for such dealings, thus further distorting investment. Corruption also lowers compliance with construction, environmental, or other regulations, reduces the quality of government services and infrastructure, and increases budgetary pressures on government.

Q1: Economic distortion is created by corruption in the public sector by diverting what into capital projects?
A1: public investment
Q2: What is more plentiful in capital projects?
A2: bribes and kickbacks
Q3: Corruption can lower what with environmental regulations?
A3: compliance
Greece (Geography and places)

Corruption and Trikoupis' increased spending to create necessary infrastructure like the Corinth Canal overtaxed the weak Greek economy, forcing the declaration of public insolvency in 1893 and to accept the imposition of an International Financial Control authority to pay off the country's debtors. Another political issue in 19th-century Greece was uniquely Greek: the language question. The Greek people spoke a form of Greek called Demotic. Many of the educated elite saw this as a peasant dialect and were determined to restore the glories of Ancient Greek.

Q1: In 1893 Greece announced what?
A1: public insolvency
Q2: To pay off the people they owed, Greece had to accept what?
A2: International Financial Control authority
Q3: The people of Greece that had higher education saw what dialect as beneath them?
A3: Demotic
Q4: A hot topic in Greece in the 19th century was what?
A4: language
Political_corruption (Social sciences and society)

Corruption can also affect the various components of sports activities (referees, players, medical and laboratory staff involved in anti-doping controls, members of national sport federation and international committees deciding about the allocation of contracts and competition places).

Q1: Corruption can determine certain things in what kind of activities?
A1: sports
Q2: Medical staff can affect what aspect of sports?
A2: anti-doping controls
Political_corruption (Social sciences and society)

Corruption facilitates environmental destruction. While corrupt societies may have formal legislation to protect the environment, it cannot be enforced if officials can easily be bribed. The same applies to social rights worker protection, unionization prevention, and child labor. Violation of these laws rights enables corrupt countries to gain illegitimate economic advantage in the international market.

Q1: Corruption aids what as far as the environment is concerned?
A1: environmental destruction
Q2: Formal legislation cannot be regulated when officials are what?
A2: bribed
Q3: Bribes also halt unions, the protection of children in labor, and what?
A3: social rights worker protection
Q4: When these laws are broken, corrupt countries gain what in the international market?
A4: illegitimate economic advantage
Political_corruption (Social sciences and society)

Corruption is not specific to poor, developing, or transition countries. In western countries, cases of bribery and other forms of corruption in all possible fields exist: under-the-table payments made to reputed surgeons by patients attempting to be on top of the list of forthcoming surgeries, bribes paid by suppliers to the automotive industry in order to sell low-quality connectors used for instance in safety equipment such as airbags, bribes paid by suppliers to manufacturers of defibrillators (to sell low-quality capacitors), contributions paid by wealthy parents to the "social and culture fund" of a prestigious university in exchange for it to accept their children, bribes paid to obtain diplomas, financial and other advantages granted to unionists by members of the executive board of a car manufacturer in exchange for employer-friendly positions and votes, etc. Examples are endless. These various manifestations of corruption can ultimately present a danger for the public health; they can discredit specific, essential institutions or social relationships.

Q1: These types of corruption can harm what?
A1: the public health
Q2: Along with institutions, this type of corruption can discredit what?
A2: social relationships
Political_corruption (Social sciences and society)

Corruption is often most evident in countries with the smallest per capita incomes, relying on foreign aid for health services. Local political interception of donated money from overseas is especially prevalent in Sub-Saharan African nations, where it was reported in the 2006 World Bank Report that about half of the funds that were donated for health usages were never invested into the health sectors or given to those needing medical attention.

Q1: Where is corruption most noticeable?
A1: countries with the smallest per capita incomes
Q2: These countries rely on foreign aid for what?
A2: health services
Q3: In Sub-Saharan African countries, what level of government is corruption especially prevalent at?
A3: Local
Q4: Which report described this corruption? 
A4: the 2006 World Bank Report
Q5: How many funds did not reach their intended recipients who needed medical attention?
A5: about half
Slavs (History)

Cossacks, although Slavic-speaking and Orthodox Christians, came from a mix of ethnic backgrounds, including Tatars and other Turks. Many early members of the Terek Cossacks were Ossetians.

Q1: Cossacks came from what backgrounds?
A1: Tatars and other Turks
Q2: Many early members of the Terek Cossacks were what?
A2: Ossetians
Q3: What religious affiliation did the Cossacks have?
A3: Orthodox Christians
Cotton (Natural sciences)

Cotton is used to make a number of textile products. These include terrycloth for highly absorbent bath towels and robes; denim for blue jeans; cambric, popularly used in the manufacture of blue work shirts (from which we get the term "blue-collar"); and corduroy, seersucker, and cotton twill. Socks, underwear, and most T-shirts are made from cotton. Bed sheets often are made from cotton. Cotton also is used to make yarn used in crochet and knitting. Fabric also can be made from recycled or recovered cotton that otherwise would be thrown away during the spinning, weaving, or cutting process. While many fabrics are made completely of cotton, some materials blend cotton with other fibers, including rayon and synthetic fibers such as polyester. It can either be used in knitted or woven fabrics, as it can be blended with elastine to make a stretchier thread for knitted fabrics, and apparel such as stretch jeans.

Q1: For what is cotton used to make?
A1: textile products
Q2: Besides new cotton fibers, what type of fibers can be used to make cotton products?
A2: recycled or recovered cotton
Q3: With what is cotton often blended to make a new style of fabric?
A3: synthetic fibers
Q4: What kinds of fabrics can be made from blended fibers?
A4: knitted or woven
Q5: For what can cotton yarn be used?
A5: crochet and knitting
Cotton (Natural sciences)

Cotton linters are fine, silky fibers which adhere to the seeds of the cotton plant after ginning. These curly fibers typically are less than 1⁄8 inch (3.2 mm) long. The term also may apply to the longer textile fiber staple lint as well as the shorter fuzzy fibers from some upland species. Linters are traditionally used in the manufacture of paper and as a raw material in the manufacture of cellulose. In the UK, linters are referred to as "cotton wool". This can also be a refined product (absorbent cotton in U.S. usage) which has medical, cosmetic and many other practical uses. The first medical use of cotton wool was by Sampson Gamgee at the Queen's Hospital (later the General Hospital) in Birmingham, England.

Q1: What part of the cotton plant is used for paper manufacture?
A1: Cotton linters
Q2: What do cotton linters look like?
A2: fine, silky fibers
Q3: What are cotton linters called in the UK?
A3: cotton wool
Q4: What is cotton wool called in the US?
A4: absorbent cotton
Q5: What individual first used cotton wool medically?
A5: Sampson Gamgee
Cotton (Natural sciences)

Cotton lisle is a finely-spun, tightly twisted type of cotton that is noted for being strong and durable. Lisle is composed of two strands that have each been twisted an extra twist per inch than ordinary yarns and combined to create a single thread. The yarn is spun so that it is compact and solid. This cotton is used mainly for underwear, stockings, and gloves. Colors applied to this yarn are noted for being more brilliant than colors applied to softer yarn. This type of thread was first made in the city of Lisle, France (now Lille), hence its name.

Q1: What is a fine, tightly twisted type of cotton fabric?
A1: Cotton lisle
Q2: What is lisle considered to be as a fabric?
A2: strong and durable
Q3: What does extra twisting of lisle thread produce?
A3: single thread
Q4: Where was the lisle thread originally made?
A4: Lisle, France
Q5: How is color perceived to be for lisle in comparison to softer yarns? 
A5: more brilliant
Cotton (Natural sciences)

Cotton remained a key crop in the Southern economy after emancipation and the end of the Civil War in 1865. Across the South, sharecropping evolved, in which landless black and white farmers worked land owned by others in return for a share of the profits. Some farmers rented the land and bore the production costs themselves. Until mechanical cotton pickers were developed, cotton farmers needed additional labor to hand-pick cotton. Picking cotton was a source of income for families across the South. Rural and small town school systems had split vacations so children could work in the fields during "cotton-picking."

Q1: What was the procedure called which involved workers to work for a share of the profits? 
A1: sharecropping
Q2: What difficulty in harvesting cotton required a large labor force?
A2: hand-pick
Q3: Besides adults what segment of the southern US population was involved in the harvesting of cotton?
A3: children
Q4: What function of southern schools was created for children to pick cotton?
A4: split vacations
Q5: What part of the southern population worked as sharecroppers?
A5: landless
Comics (Language and literature)

Coulton Waugh attempted the first comprehensive history of American comics with The Comics (1947). Will Eisner's Comics and Sequential Art (1985) and Scott McCloud's Understanding Comics (1993) were early attempts in English to formalize the study of comics. David Carrier's The Aesthetics of Comics (2000) was the first full-length treatment of comics from a philosophical perspective. Prominent American attempts at definitions of comics include Eisner's, McCloud's, and Harvey's. Eisner described what he called "sequential art" as "the arrangement of pictures or images and words to narrate a story or dramatize an idea"; Scott McCloud defined comics "juxtaposed pictorial and other images in deliberate sequence, intended to convey information and/or to produce an aesthetic response in the viewer", a strictly formal definition which detached comics from its historical and cultural trappings. R. C. Harvey defined comics as "pictorial narratives or expositions in which words (often lettered into the picture area within speech balloons) usually contribute to the meaning of the pictures and vice versa". Each definition has had its detractors. Harvey saw McCloud's definition as excluding single-panel cartoons, and objected to McCloud's de-emphasizing verbal elements, insisting "the essential characteristic of comics is the incorporation of verbal content". Aaron Meskin saw McCloud's theories as an artificial attempt to legitimize the place of comics in art history.

Q1: Who put together a history of American comics in 1947?
A1: Coulton Waugh
Q2: What was the name of Waugh's work?
A2: The Comics
Q3: Who created a book about comics from a philosophical point of view?
A3: David Carrier
Q4: What book did Will Eisner create in 1985?
A4: Comics and Sequential Art
Southampton (Geography and places)

Council estates are in the Weston, Thornhill and Townhill Park districts. The city is ranked 96th most deprived out of all 354 Local Authorities in England.

Q1: How many Local Authorities are there in England?
A1: 354
Q2: In addition to the Thornhill and Townhill Park districts, what other district has a council estate?
A2: Weston
Q3: What's Southampton's ranking on the list of most deprived Local Authorities in England?
A3: 96th
USB (Engineering and technology)

Counter-intuitively, the "micro" size is the most durable from the point of designed insertion lifetime. The standard and mini connectors were designed for less than daily connections, with a design lifetime of 1,500 insertion-removal cycles. (Improved mini-B connectors have reached 5,000-cycle lifetimes.) Micro connectors were designed with frequent charging of portable devices in mind; not only is design lifetime of the connector improved to 10,000 cycles, but it was also redesigned to place the flexible contacts, which wear out sooner, on the easily replaced cable, while the more durable rigid contacts are located in the micro-USB receptacles. Likewise, the springy part of the retention mechanism (parts that provide required gripping force) were also moved into plugs on the cable side.

Q1: What size is the most durable from the point of designed insertion lifetime?
A1: the "micro" size
Q2: What was designed for less daily connections?
A2: The standard and mini connectors
Q3: What has reached 5,000-cycle lifetimes?
A3: Improved mini-B connectors
Q4: What was designed with frequent charging of portable devices in mind?
A4: Micro connectors
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 (History)

Countering Krugman, Peter J. Wallison wrote: "It is not true that every bubble—even a large bubble—has the potential to cause a financial crisis when it deflates." Wallison notes that other developed countries had "large bubbles during the 1997–2007 period" but "the losses associated with mortgage delinquencies and defaults when these bubbles deflated were far lower than the losses suffered in the United States when the 1997–2007 [bubble] deflated." According to Wallison, the reason the U.S. residential housing bubble (as opposed to other types of bubbles) led to financial crisis was that it was supported by a huge number of substandard loans – generally with low or no downpayments.

Q1: Peter J. Wallison believes that the huge number of these loans led to the financial crisis?
A1: substandard
Q2: What type downpayments do substandard loans generally have?
A2: low or no downpayments
Q3: According to Peter J. Wallison, why did the U.S. residential housing bubble led to financial crisis?
A3: it was supported by a huge number of substandard loans
Q4: Other countries had large residential housing bubbles that deflated during what years?
A4: 1997–2007
Q5: Peter J. Wallison's conclusions regarding the financial crisis are not in agreement with this economist's views?
A5: Krugman