LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Marvel_Comics (Geography and places)

In 1971, the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare approached Marvel Comics editor-in-chief Stan Lee to do a comic book story about drug abuse. Lee agreed and wrote a three-part Spider-Man story portraying drug use as dangerous and unglamorous. However, the industry's self-censorship board, the Comics Code Authority, refused to approve the story because of the presence of narcotics, deeming the context of the story irrelevant. Lee, with Goodman's approval, published the story regardless in The Amazing Spider-Man #96–98 (May–July 1971), without the Comics Code seal. The market reacted well to the storyline, and the CCA subsequently revised the Code the same year.

Q1: What government agency asked Marvel to do a series of stories to publicize an issue?
A1: United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
Q2: What issue was Marvel asked to tackle for this agency?
A2: drug abuse
Q3: What comic book series did stories related to this issue appear in?
A3: Spider-Man
Q4: What industry censorship and standards organization tried to block publication of this series?
A4: Comics Code Authority
Q5: What were the issue dates of the three-episode series on this public health issue?
A5: May–July 1971
Queen_(band) (Music)

In 1972, Queen entered discussions with Trident Studios after being spotted at De La Lane Studios by John Anthony and after discussions were offered a management deal by Norman Sheffield under Neptune Productions, a subsidiary of Trident to manage the band and enable them to use the facilities at Trident to record new material whilst the management search for a record label to sign Queen. This suited both parties at the time as Trident were expanding into management and Queen under the deal were able to make use of the hi-tech recording facilities shared by bands at the time such as the Beatles and Elton John to produce new material. However, Trident found it difficult to find a label for a band bearing a name with such connotation during the early 1970s.

Q1: Who offered Queen a management deal in 1972?
A1: Norman Sheffield
Q2: Which singer used Trident studios in addition to Queen and the Beatles?
A2: Elton John
Q3: What was the name of Trident's subsidiary?
A3: Neptune Productions
Q4: Where was Queen spotted before entering discussions with Trident?
A4: De La Lane Studios
Q5: In what year did Queen enter discussions with Trident studios?
A5: 1972
Gene (Natural sciences)

In 1972, Walter Fiers and his team at the University of Ghent were the first to determine the sequence of a gene: the gene for Bacteriophage MS2 coat protein. The subsequent development of chain-termination DNA sequencing in 1977 by Frederick Sanger improved the efficiency of sequencing and turned it into a routine laboratory tool. An automated version of the Sanger method was used in early phases of the Human Genome Project.

Q1: When was the first sequence of a gene determined?
A1: In 1972
Q2: What was the first gene to be sequenced?
A2: the gene for Bacteriophage MS2 coat protein
Q3: Who developed chain termination DNA sequencing in 1977?
A3: Frederick Sanger
Q4: What did the devlopment of the chain termination DNA sequencing method do for the sequencing process?
A4: improved the efficiency of sequencing and turned it into a routine laboratory tool.
Q5: What project used an automated version of the Sanger method in its early stages?
A5: the Human Genome Project
Quran (Philosophy and religion)

In 1972, in a mosque in the city of Sana'a, Yemen, manuscripts were discovered that were later proved to be the most ancient Quranic text known to exist at the time. The Sana'a manuscripts contain palimpsests, a manuscript page from which the text has been washed off to make the parchment reusable again—a practice which was common in ancient times due to scarcity of writing material. However, the faint washed-off underlying text (scriptio inferior) is still barely visible and believed to be "pre-Uthmanic" Quranic content, while the text written on top (scriptio superior) is believed to belong to Uthmanic time. Studies using radiocarbon dating indicate that the parchments are dated to the period before 671 AD with a 99 percent probability.

Q1: What is the term for recycled parchments used in ancient manuscripts?
A1: palimpsests
Q2: Before which year were the Sana'a manuscripts produced?
A2: 671 AD
Q3: In which city was evidence of pre-Uthmanic Quranic writing discovered in 1972?
A3: Sana'a, Yemen
Q4: What version of the Quran was the scriptio superior of the Sana'a manuscripts?
A4: Uthmanic
Uranium (Natural sciences)

In 1972, the French physicist Francis Perrin discovered fifteen ancient and no longer active natural nuclear fission reactors in three separate ore deposits at the Oklo mine in Gabon, West Africa, collectively known as the Oklo Fossil Reactors. The ore deposit is 1.7 billion years old; then, uranium-235 constituted about 3% of the total uranium on Earth. This is high enough to permit a sustained nuclear fission chain reaction to occur, provided other supporting conditions exist. The capacity of the surrounding sediment to contain the nuclear waste products has been cited by the U.S. federal government as supporting evidence for the feasibility to store spent nuclear fuel at the Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository.

Q1: Of what nationality was Perrin?
A1: French
Q2: In what county was the Oklo mine located?
A2: Gabon
Q3: How old are the ore deposits in the Oklo mine?
A3: 1.7 billion years
Q4: When the Oklo mine ore deposits came into being, what percentage of uranium on Earth consisted of uranium-235?
A4: 3%
Q5: Where in the United States is there a nuclear waste repository?
A5: Yucca Mountain
Presbyterianism (History)

In 1972, the Presbyterian Church of England (PCofE) united with the Congregational Church in England and Wales to form the United Reformed Church (URC). Among the congregations the PCofE brought to the URC were Tunley (Lancashire), Aston Tirrold (Oxfordshire) and John Knox Presbyterian Church, Stepney, London (now part of Stepney Meeting House URC) – these are among the sole survivors today of the English Presbyterian churches of the 17th century. The URC also has a presence in Scotland, mostly of former Congregationalist Churches. Two former Presbyterian congregations, St Columba's, Cambridge (founded in 1879), and St Columba's, Oxford (founded as a chaplaincy by the PCofE and the Church of Scotland in 1908 and as a congregation of the PCofE in 1929), continue as congregations of the URC and university chaplaincies of the Church of Scotland.

Q1: In what year did the Church of England and the Congregational Church in England  and Waled unite?
A1: 1972
Q2: What are the two former Presbyterian congregations in England?
A2: St Columba's, Cambridge (founded in 1879), and St Columba's, Oxford
Q3: What was the name of the group that was created whenPresbyterian Church of England (PCofE) united with the Congregational Church in England and Wales were united?
A3: United Reformed Church
Tuvalu (Geography and places)

In 1974 ministerial government was introduced to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony through a change to the Constitution. In that year a general election was held; and a referendum was held in December 1974 to determine whether the Gilbert Islands and Ellice Islands should each have their own administration. As a consequence of the referendum, separation occurred in two stages. The Tuvaluan Order 1975, which took effect on 1 October 1975, recognised Tuvalu as a separate British dependency with its own government. The second stage occurred on 1 January 1976 when separate administrations were created out of the civil service of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony.

Q1: In what year was ministerial government started in the Gilbert and Ellice islands?
A1: 1974
Q2: What document was changed to cause a change in government?
A2: Constitution
Q3: When was a referendum held to determine the government of Ellice?
A3: December 1974
Q4: What was the determination of the referendum?
A4: separation
Q5: What did the Tuvaluan Order 1976 recognize Tuvalu to be?
A5: British dependency
Richard_Feynman (Mathematics)

In 1974, Feynman delivered the Caltech commencement address on the topic of cargo cult science, which has the semblance of science, but is only pseudoscience due to a lack of "a kind of scientific integrity, a principle of scientific thought that corresponds to a kind of utter honesty" on the part of the scientist. He instructed the graduating class that "The first principle is that you must not fool yourself—and you are the easiest person to fool. So you have to be very careful about that. After you've not fooled yourself, it's easy not to fool other scientists. You just have to be honest in a conventional way after that."

Q1: In which year did Feynman orate the Caltech commencement speech?
A1: 1974
Q2: Which topic did Feynman's commencement speech at Caltech center around?
A2: cargo cult science
Q3: What is cargo cult science?
A3: pseudoscience
Q4: What did Feyman tell the class that they must not do to themselves?
A4: fool yourself
Compact_disc (Engineering and technology)

In 1974, L. Ottens, director of the audio division of Philips, started a small group with the aim to develop an analog optical audio disc with a diameter of 20 cm and a sound quality superior to that of the vinyl record. However, due to the unsatisfactory performance of the analog format, two Philips research engineers recommended a digital format in March 1974. In 1977, Philips then established a laboratory with the mission of creating a digital audio disc. The diameter of Philips's prototype compact disc was set at 11.5 cm, the diagonal of an audio cassette.

Q1: In what year did Philips institute a laboratory to create a digital audio disc?
A1: 1977
Q2: What was the proposed diameter for the original compact disc?
A2: 11.5 cm
Q3: What year did Philips propse the idea of a digital audio format?
A3: 1974
Q4: Who was the director of the Philips audio division in 1974?
A4: L. Ottens
Solar_energy (Natural sciences)

In 1974, the unmanned AstroFlight Sunrise plane made the first solar flight. On 29 April 1979, the Solar Riser made the first flight in a solar-powered, fully controlled, man carrying flying machine, reaching an altitude of 40 feet (12 m). In 1980, the Gossamer Penguin made the first piloted flights powered solely by photovoltaics. This was quickly followed by the Solar Challenger which crossed the English Channel in July 1981. In 1990 Eric Scott Raymond in 21 hops flew from California to North Carolina using solar power. Developments then turned back to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) with the Pathfinder (1997) and subsequent designs, culminating in the Helios which set the altitude record for a non-rocket-propelled aircraft at 29,524 metres (96,864 ft) in 2001. The Zephyr, developed by BAE Systems, is the latest in a line of record-breaking solar aircraft, making a 54-hour flight in 2007, and month-long flights were envisioned by 2010. As of 2015, Solar Impulse, an electric aircraft, is currently circumnavigating the globe. It is a single-seat plane powered by solar cells and capable of taking off under its own power. The designed allows the aircraft to remain airborne for 36 hours.

Q1: What altitude did the Solar Riser reach in feet?
A1: 40
Q2: What is the name of the aircraft circling the globe in 2015 via solar power?
A2: Solar Impulse
Q3: When was the first unmanned flight by a solar powered plane made?
A3: 1974
Q4: When was the first solar powered manned flight made?
A4: 29 April 1979
Q5: When did the Solar Challenger cross the English Channel?
A5: July 1981
Q6: Where did Eric Scott Raymond fly using a solar powered plane in 1990?
A6: California to North Carolina
Q7: How long is the solar powered plane Solar Impulse able to remain in the air?
A7: 36 hours
Daylight_saving_time (Engineering and technology)

In 1975 the US DOT conservatively identified a 0.7% reduction in traffic fatalities during DST, and estimated the real reduction at 1.5% to 2%, but the 1976 NBS review of the DOT study found no differences in traffic fatalities. In 1995 the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety estimated a reduction of 1.2%, including a 5% reduction in crashes fatal to pedestrians. Others have found similar reductions. Single/Double Summer Time (SDST), a variant where clocks are one hour ahead of the sun in winter and two in summer, has been projected to reduce traffic fatalities by 3% to 4% in the UK, compared to ordinary DST. However, accidents do increase by as much as 11% during the two weeks that follow the end of British Summer Time. It is not clear whether sleep disruption contributes to fatal accidents immediately after the spring clock shifts. A correlation between clock shifts and traffic accidents has been observed in North America and the UK but not in Finland or Sweden. If this effect exists, it is far smaller than the overall reduction in traffic fatalities. A 2009 US study found that on Mondays after the switch to DST, workers sleep an average of 40 minutes less, and are injured at work more often and more severely.

Q1: In what year did the NBS revisit the DOT's 1975 study and find traffic fatalities unaffected?
A1: 1976
Q2: What organization made their own estimation in 1995 of a drop in traffic deaths by 1.2%?
A2: the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety
Q3: What's the abbreviation for Single/Double Summer Time?
A3: SDST
Q4: In the two weeks following the time change ending British Summer Time, what percentage hike is there in traffic accidents?
A4: 11%
Q5: How much less, on average, do workers in the U.S. sleep on Mondays after switching to DST, according to the 2009 study?
A5: 40 minutes
Egypt (Geography and places)

In 1975, Sadat shifted Nasser's economic policies and sought to use his popularity to reduce government regulations and encourage foreign investment through his program of Infitah. Through this policy, incentives such as reduced taxes and import tariffs attracted some investors, but investments were mainly directed at low risk and profitable ventures like tourism and construction, abandoning Egypt's infant industries. Even though Sadat's policy was intended to modernise Egypt and assist the middle class, it mainly benefited the higher class, and, because of the elimination of subsidies on basic foodstuffs, led to the 1977 Egyptian Bread Riots.

Q1: What was encouraged through Infitah?
A1: foreign investment
Q2: What tools did Infitah use to attract investment?
A2: reduced taxes and import tariffs
Q3: What occured in 1977?
A3: Egyptian Bread Riots.
Q4: What was largely ignored and upset many of Sadat's polidy?
A4: elimination of subsidies on basic foodstuffs
Chicago_Cubs (Sports and recreation)

In 1975, a group of Chicago Cubs fans based in Washington, D.C. formed the Emil Verban Society. The society is a select club of high profile Cub fans, currently headed by Illinois Senator Dick Durbin which is named for Emil Verban, who in three seasons with the Cubs in the 1940s batted .280 with 39 runs batted in and one home run. Verban was picked as the epitome of a Cub player, explains columnist George Will, because "He exemplified mediocrity under pressure, he was competent but obscure and typifying of the work ethics." Verban initially believed he was being ridiculed, but his ill feeling disappeared several years later when he was flown to Washington to meet President Ronald Reagan, also a society member, at the White House. Hillary Clinton, Jim Belushi, Joe Mantegna, Rahm Emanuel, Dick Cheney and many others have been included among its membership.

Q1: What year did a group of Chicago Cubs fans form the Emil Verban Society?
A1: 1975
Q2: Where were the Emil Verban Society founders based in?
A2: Washington, D.C
Q3: Who currently heads the Emil Verban Society?
A3: Illinois Senator Dick Durbin
Queen_(band) (Music)

In 1975, the band left for a world tour with each member in Zandra Rhodes-created costumes and accompanied with banks of lights and effects. They toured the US as headliners, and played in Canada for the first time. In September, after an acromonious split with Trident, the band negotiated themselves out of their Trident Studios contract and searched for new management. One of the options they considered was an offer from Led Zeppelin's manager, Peter Grant. Grant wanted them to sign with Led Zeppelin's own production company, Swan Song Records. The band found the contract unacceptable and instead contacted Elton John's manager, John Reid, who accepted the position.

Q1: Who created the costumes for Queen's 1975 tour?
A1: Zandra Rhodes
Q2: What country did Queen play in for the first time in 1975?
A2: Canada
Q3: Queen had a bitter split with what management company in 1975?
A3: Trident Studios
Q4: What manager of Led Zeppelin tried to sign Queen?
A4: Peter Grant
Q5: Whom did Queen eventually sign with after rejecting the Swan Song records contract?
A5: John Reid
Solar_energy (Natural sciences)

In 1975, the first practical solar boat was constructed in England. By 1995, passenger boats incorporating PV panels began appearing and are now used extensively. In 1996, Kenichi Horie made the first solar powered crossing of the Pacific Ocean, and the sun21 catamaran made the first solar powered crossing of the Atlantic Ocean in the winter of 2006–2007. There were plans to circumnavigate the globe in 2010.

Q1: The first practical solar boat was constructed in what year?
A1: 1975
Q2: When was the first solar powered boat made?
A2: 1975
Q3: Who first crossed the Pacific ocean using a solar powered boat?
A3: Kenichi Horie
Q4: What was the name of the first solar powered boat that crossed the Atlantic ocean?
A4: the sun21 catamaran
Somalis (Geography and places)

In 1975, the most prominent government reforms regarding family law in a Muslim country were set in motion in the Somali Democratic Republic, which put women and men, including husbands and wives, on complete equal footing. The 1975 Somali Family Law gave men and women equal division of property between the husband and wife upon divorce and the exclusive right to control by each spouse over his or her personal property.

Q1: What law gave Somali husbands and wives equal rights over personal property?
A1: 1975 Somali Family Law
Q2: What was the official name of the country in which the 1975 Somali Family Law was passed?
A2: the Somali Democratic Republic
Q3: In addition to giving spouses equal rights over their personal property during marriage, what did the Somali Family Law give them?
A3: equal division of property between the husband and wife upon divorce
Phonology (Language and literature)

In 1976 John Goldsmith introduced autosegmental phonology. Phonological phenomena are no longer seen as operating on one linear sequence of segments, called phonemes or feature combinations, but rather as involving some parallel sequences of features which reside on multiple tiers. Autosegmental phonology later evolved into feature geometry, which became the standard theory of representation for theories of the organization of phonology as different as lexical phonology and optimality theory.

Q1: Who founded autosegmental phonology?
A1: John Goldsmith
Q2: When did John Goldsmith share his work?
A2: 1976
Q3: What did Autosegmental phonology morph into?
A3: feature geometry
Pope_Paul_VI (Philosophy and religion)

In 1976 Montini became the first pontiff in modern history to deny the accusation of homosexuality. Published by his order in January 1976 was a homily Persona Humana: Declaration on Certain Questions concerning Sexual Ethics, which outlawed pre or extra-marital sex, condemned homosexuality, and forbade masturbation. It provoked French author and former diplomat Roger Peyrefitte, in an interview published by the magazine Tempo, to accuse Montini of hypocrisy, and of having a longtime lover who was a movie actor. According to rumors prevalent both inside the Curia and in Italian society, this was Paolo Carlini, who had a bit part as a hairdresser in the Audrey Hepburn film Roman Holiday. Peyrefitte had previously published the accusation in two books, but the interview (previously published in a French gay magazine) brought the rumors to a wider public and caused an uproar. In a brief address to a crowd of approximately 20,000 in St. Peters Square on April 18, Montini called the charges "horrible and slanderous insinuations" and appealed for prayers on his behalf. Special prayers for Montini were said in all Italian Roman Catholic churches in "a day of consolation". In 1984 a New York Times correspondent repeated the allegations.

Q1: In what year was pre and extra marital sex outlawed by the Catholic church?
A1: 1976
Q2: Who was accused of being a homosexual in 1976?
A2: Montini
Q3: Who brought allegations of Montini's homosexuality?
A3: Roger Peyrefitte
Q4: Who was Montini's alleged lover?
A4: Paolo Carlini
Q5: On what date did Montini publicly address charges of homosexuality?
A5: April 18
Comprehensive_school (Social sciences and society)

In 1976 the future Labour prime minister James Callaghan launched what became known as the 'great debate' on the education system. He went on to list the areas he felt needed closest scrutiny: the case for a core curriculum, the validity and use of informal teaching methods, the role of school inspection and the future of the examination system. Comprehensive school remains the most common type of state secondary school in England, and the only type in Wales. They account for around 90% of pupils, or 64% if one does not count schools with low-level selection. This figure varies by region.

Q1: Who initiated the scrutiny of the educational system in 1976?
A1: James Callaghan
Q2: What is the only kind of school operating in Wales?
A2: Comprehensive school
Q3: Which political party was James Callaghan a member of?
A3: Labour
Genome (Natural sciences)

In 1976, Walter Fiers at the University of Ghent (Belgium) was the first to establish the complete nucleotide sequence of a viral RNA-genome (Bacteriophage MS2). The next year Fred Sanger completed the first DNA-genome sequence: Phage Φ-X174, of 5386 base pairs. The first complete genome sequences among all three domains of life were released within a short period during the mid-1990s: The first bacterial genome to be sequenced was that of Haemophilus influenzae, completed by a team at The Institute for Genomic Research in 1995. A few months later, the first eukaryotic genome was completed, with sequences of the 16 chromosomes of budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae published as the result of a European-led effort begun in the mid-1980s. The first genome sequence for an archaeon, Methanococcus jannaschii, was completed in 1996, again by The Institute for Genomic Research.

Q1: Who was the first person to sequence a viral genome?
A1: Walter Fiers
Q2: Which viral genome did Fiers sequence?
A2: Bacteriophage MS2
Q3: Who was first to sequence a DNA-based genome?
A3: Fred Sanger
Q4: What organization first sequenced a bacterial genome?
A4: Institute for Genomic Research
Q5: In what year was the archaeon genome sequenced?
A5: 1996