LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Tristan_da_Cunha (Geography and places)

During World War II, the islands were used as a top secret Royal Navy weather and radio station codenamed HMS Atlantic Isle, to monitor Nazi U-boats (which were required to maintain radio contact) and shipping movements in the South Atlantic Ocean. The first Administrator, Surgeon Lieutenant Commander E.J.S. Woolley, was appointed by the British government during this time.

Q1: During what war was the island used as a Royal Navy station?
A1: World War II
Q2: What was the islands codename during World War II?
A2: HMS Atlantic Isle
Q3: Who was the administrator during World War II for the island?
A3: Surgeon Lieutenant Commander E.J.S. Woolley
Buckingham_Palace (Art and architecture)

During World War II, the palace was bombed nine times, the most serious and publicised of which resulted in the destruction of the palace chapel in 1940. Coverage of this event was played in cinemas all over the UK to show the common suffering of rich and poor. One bomb fell in the palace quadrangle while King George VI and Queen Elizabeth were in residence, and many windows were blown in and the chapel destroyed. War-time coverage of such incidents was severely restricted, however. The King and Queen were filmed inspecting their bombed home, the smiling Queen, as always, immaculately dressed in a hat and matching coat seemingly unbothered by the damage around her. It was at this time the Queen famously declared: "I'm glad we have been bombed. Now I can look the East End in the face". The royal family were seen as sharing their subjects' hardship, as The Sunday Graphic reported:

Q1: How many times was the palace bombed in WWII?
A1: nine times
Q2: What was destroyed in 1940?
A2: the palace chapel
Q3: Which monarchs were in residence at Buckingham Palace during WWII?
A3: King George VI and Queen Elizabeth
Q4: The bombing of Buckingham Palace showed what to the public?
A4: the common suffering of rich and poor
Q5: What was destroyed in one of the bombing that hit the palace in WWII?
A5: the chapel
Q6: The King and Queen were filmed doing what after a bombing?
A6: inspecting their bombed home
Q7: The royal family was seen as sharing what with their subjects after the bombings?
A7: their subjects' hardship
51st_state (Language and literature)

During World War II, when Denmark was occupied by Nazi Germany, the United States briefly controlled Greenland for battlefields and protection. In 1946, the United States offered to buy Greenland from Denmark for $100 million ($1.2 billion today) but Denmark refused to sell it. Several politicians and others have in recent years argued that Greenland could hypothetically be in a better financial situation as a part of the United States; for instance mentioned by professor Gudmundur Alfredsson at University of Akureyri in 2014. One of the actual reasons behind US interest in Greenland could be the vast natural resources of the island. According to Wikileaks, the U.S. appears to be highly interested in investing in the resource base of the island and in tapping the vast expected hydrocarbons off the Greenlandic coast.

Q1: When did the US control Greenland?
A1: when Denmark was occupied by Nazi Germany
Q2: How much did the US offer to pay for Greenland?
A2: $100 million
Q3: What university is professor Gudmundur Alfredssson from?
A3: University of Akureyri
Q4: What is one reason the US would be interested in Greenland?
A4: the vast expected hydrocarbons off the Greenlandic coast.
Oklahoma (Geography and places)

During a 10-day run in Oklahoma City, the State Fair of Oklahoma attracts roughly one million people along with the annual Festival of the Arts. Large national pow-wows, various Latin and Asian heritage festivals, and cultural festivals such as the Juneteenth celebrations are held in Oklahoma City each year. The Tulsa State Fair attracts over one million people during its 10-day run, and the city's Mayfest festival entertained more than 375,000 people in four days during 2007. In 2006, Tulsa's Oktoberfest was named one of the top 10 in the world by USA Today and one of the top German food festivals in the nation by Bon Appetit magazine.

Q1: How long is the State Fair of Oklahoma?
A1: 10-day
Q2: Where is the State Fair of Oklahoma?
A2: Oklahoma City
Q3: How many people attend the State Fair of Oklahoma each year?
A3: roughly one million
Q4: How long is the Tulsa State Fair?
A4: 10-day
Q5: How many people attend the Tulsa State Fair each year?
A5: over one million
Kanye_West (Music)

During a November 26, 2013 radio interview, West explained why he believed that President Obama had problems pushing policies in Washington: "Man, let me tell you something about George Bush and oil money and Obama and no money. People want to say Obama can't make these moves or he's not executing. That's because he ain't got those connections. Black people don't have the same level of connections as Jewish people...We ain't Jewish. We don't got family that got money like that." In response to his comments, the Anti-Defamation League stated: "There it goes again, the age-old canard that Jews are all-powerful and control the levers of power in government." On December 21, 2013, West backed off of the original comment and told a Chicago radio station that "I thought I was giving a compliment, but if anything it came off more ignorant. I don’t know how being told you have money is an insult."

Q1: What president did Kanye comment on as having trouble pushing policies while in office?
A1: Obama
Q2: What type of people did Kanye state had more power than Black people?
A2: Jewish people
Q3: On what day did Kanye do an interview about President Obama pushing policies in Washington?
A3: November 26, 2013
Q4: On what day did Kanye take back his original comment about Jews?
A4: December 21, 2013
Alexander_Graham_Bell (Engineering and technology)

During a deposition filed for the 1887 trial, Italian inventor Antonio Meucci also claimed to have created the first working model of a telephone in Italy in 1834. In 1886, in the first of three cases in which he was involved, Meucci took the stand as a witness in the hopes of establishing his invention's priority. Meucci's evidence in this case was disputed due to a lack of material evidence for his inventions as his working models were purportedly lost at the laboratory of American District Telegraph (ADT) of New York, which was later incorporated as a subsidiary of Western Union in 1901. Meucci's work, like many other inventors of the period, was based on earlier acoustic principles and despite evidence of earlier experiments, the final case involving Meucci was eventually dropped upon Meucci's death. However, due to the efforts of Congressman Vito Fossella, the U.S. House of Representatives on June 11, 2002 stated that Meucci's "work in the invention of the telephone should be acknowledged", even though this did not put an end to a still contentious issue.[N 17] Some modern scholars do not agree with the claims that Bell's work on the telephone was influenced by Meucci's inventions.[N 18]

Q1: Who claimed to have invented the in 1834?
A1: Antonio Meucci
Q2: How many court trials did Meucci participate in?
A2: 3
Q3: At what company were Meucci's prototypes supposedly lost?
A3: American District Telegraph (ADT)
Q4: In what year did Western Union absorb ADT?
A4: 1901
Q5: What event caused Meucci's trials to be dropped?
A5: death
Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States (Social sciences and society)

During a panel discussion at Harvard University's reunion for African American alumni during the 2003–04 academic year, two prominent black professors at the institution—Lani Guinier and Henry Louis Gates—pointed out an unintended effect of affirmative action policies at Harvard. They stated that only about a third of black Harvard undergraduates were from families in which all four grandparents were born into the African American community. The majority of black students at Harvard were Caribbean and African immigrants or their children, with some others the mixed-race children of biracial couples. One Harvard student, born in the South Bronx to a black family whose ancestors have been in the United States for multiple generations, said that there were so few Harvard students from the historic African American community that they took to calling themselves "the descendants" (i.e., descendants of American slaves). The reasons for this underrepresentation of historic African Americans, and possible remedies, remain a subject of debate.

Q1: What was going on at Harvard University during the 2003 - 04 academic year?
A1: a panel discussion
Q2: What did two prominent black professors point out at the panel discussion?
A2: an unintended effect of affirmative action policies at Harvard
Q3: What portion of black Harvard undergraduates came from families in which all four grandparents were born into the African American community?
A3: a third
Q4: What did the African American students at Harvard that could trace their lineage back multiple generations begin calling themselves?
A4: the descendants
Q5: Other than the reasons for the under representation of African Americans, what else is still up for debate?
A5: possible remedies
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 (History)

During a period of tough competition between mortgage lenders for revenue and market share, and when the supply of creditworthy borrowers was limited, mortgage lenders relaxed underwriting standards and originated riskier mortgages to less creditworthy borrowers. In the view of some analysts, the relatively conservative government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) policed mortgage originators and maintained relatively high underwriting standards prior to 2003. However, as market power shifted from securitizers to originators and as intense competition from private securitizers undermined GSE power, mortgage standards declined and risky loans proliferated. The worst loans were originated in 2004–2007, the years of the most intense competition between securitizers and the lowest market share for the GSEs.

Q1: What caused mortgage lenders to relax underwriting standards and approve riskier mortgages?
A1: tough competition
Q2: In what year were high underwriting standards relaxed?
A2: 2003
Q3: What years were the worst mortgage loans originated?
A3: 2004–2007
Q4: What years had the most intense competition between securitizers and the lowest market share for GSEs?
A4: 2004–2007
Q5: Who policed mortgage originators and maintained relatively high standards prior to 2003?
A5: government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs)
Alsace (History)

During a reannexation by Germany (1940–1945), High German was reinstated as the language of education. The population was forced to speak German and 'French' family names were Germanized. Following the Second World War, the 1927 regulation was not reinstated and the teaching of German in primary schools was suspended by a provisional rectorial decree, which was supposed to enable French to regain lost ground. The teaching of German became a major issue, however, as early as 1946. Following World War II, the French government pursued, in line with its traditional language policy, a campaign to suppress the use of German as part of a wider Francization campaign.

Q1: Between what time period did the reannexation of Germany occur?
A1: 1940–1945
Q2: What were French families forced to do during the German reannexation?
A2: names were Germanized.
Q3: When did the suspension of German teaching in  schools happen?
A3: 1927
Melbourne (Geography and places)

During a visit in 1885 English journalist George Augustus Henry Sala coined the phrase "Marvellous Melbourne", which stuck long into the twentieth century and is still used today by Melburnians. Growing building activity culminated in a "land boom" which, in 1888, reached a peak of speculative development fuelled by consumer confidence and escalating land value. As a result of the boom, large commercial buildings, coffee palaces, terrace housing and palatial mansions proliferated in the city. The establishment of a hydraulic facility in 1887 allowed for the local manufacture of elevators, resulting in the first construction of high-rise buildings; most notably the APA Building, amongst the world's tallest commercial buildings upon completion in 1889. This period also saw the expansion of a major radial rail-based transport network.

Q1: Which phrase was coined by George Augustus Henry Sala during a visit to Melbourne in 1885?
A1: Marvellous Melbourne
Q2: In what year did the land boom reach its peak of development?
A2: 1888
Q3: In what year was a hydraulic facility established?
A3: 1887
Q4: In what year was the APA Building completed?
A4: 1889
Q5: What did Melbourne's hydraulic facilities help create that spurred high-rise developments?
A5: elevators
Immunology (Natural sciences)

During adolescence, the human body undergoes various physical, physiological and immunological changes triggered and mediated by hormones, of which the most significant in females is 17-β-oestradiol (an oestrogen) and, in males, is testosterone. Oestradiol usually begins to act around the age of 10 and testosterone some months later. There is evidence that these steroids act directly not only on the primary and secondary sexual characteristics but also have an effect on the development and regulation of the immune system, including an increased risk in developing pubescent and post-pubescent autoimmunity. There is also some evidence that cell surface receptors on B cells and macrophages may detect sex hormones in the system.

Q1: What is the primary trigger for immunological changes in teens?
A1: hormones
Q2: What specific hormone catalyzes these changes in females?
A2: 17-β-oestradiol (an oestrogen)
Q3: Which specific hormone precipitates the change in immunology in males?
A3: testosterone
Q4: Adolescent immunological changes can also result in what?
A4: increased risk in developing pubescent and post-pubescent autoimmunity
Q5: Evidence suggests that receptors on B cells may do what?
A5: detect sex hormones in the system
Greeks (History)

During and after the Greek War of Independence, Greeks of the diaspora were important in establishing the fledgling state, raising funds and awareness abroad. Greek merchant families already had contacts in other countries and during the disturbances many set up home around the Mediterranean (notably Marseilles in France, Livorno in Italy, Alexandria in Egypt), Russia (Odessa and Saint Petersburg), and Britain (London and Liverpool) from where they traded, typically in textiles and grain. Businesses frequently comprised the extended family, and with them they brought schools teaching Greek and the Greek Orthodox Church.

Q1: After freedom was won by the Greeks who was of import to forming the rules  ?
A1: Greek War of Independence, Greeks of the diaspora were important in establishing the fledgling state
Q2: What did they do that contributed to the Greek's success of establishment?
A2: important in establishing the fledgling state, raising funds and awareness abroad
Q3: Who already had contact over a network of countries ready to offer assistance to the Greeks ?
A3: Greek merchant families already had contacts in other countries
Q4: What countries did they settle in ?
A4: Marseilles in France, Livorno in Italy, Alexandria in Egypt), Russia (Odessa and Saint Petersburg), and Britain (London and Liverpool)
Q5: How were these relationships with the other countries most likely established ?
A5: from where they traded, typically in textiles and grain.
Adolescence (Natural sciences)

During childhood, siblings are a source of conflict and frustration as well as a support system. Adolescence may affect this relationship differently, depending on sibling gender. In same-sex sibling pairs, intimacy increases during early adolescence, then remains stable. Mixed-sex siblings pairs act differently; siblings drift apart during early adolescent years, but experience an increase in intimacy starting at middle adolescence. Sibling interactions are children's first relational experiences, the ones that shape their social and self-understanding for life. Sustaining positive sibling relations can assist adolescents in a number of ways. Siblings are able to act as peers, and may increase one another's sociability and feelings of self-worth. Older siblings can give guidance to younger siblings, although the impact of this can be either positive or negative depending on the activity of the older sibling.

Q1: Does intimacy between same-sex siblings increase or decrease during adolescence?
A1: increases
Q2: When siblings act as peers, what positive effects are possible?
A2: increase one another's sociability and feelings of self-worth
Q3: At what stage to mixed-sex siblings generally experience an increase in intimacy?
A3: middle adolescence
North_Carolina (Geography and places)

During colonial times, Edenton served as the state capital beginning in 1722, and New Bern was selected as the capital in 1766. Construction of Tryon Palace, which served as the residence and offices of the provincial governor William Tryon, began in 1767 and was completed in 1771. In 1788 Raleigh was chosen as the site of the new capital, as its central location protected it from attacks from the coast. Officially established in 1792 as both county seat and state capital, the city was named after Sir Walter Raleigh, sponsor of Roanoke, the "lost colony" on Roanoke Island.

Q1: What was the state capital of North Carolina in 1722?
A1: Edenton
Q2: What city became the capital of North Carolina in 1766?
A2: New Bern
Q3: Who was the governor of North carolina in 1767?
A3: William Tryon
Q4: What was the name of the offices and residence built for William Tryon?
A4: Tryon Palace
Q5: What central North carolina cuty was chosen for the capital in 1788?
A5: Raleigh
MP3 (Engineering and technology)

During encoding, 576 time-domain samples are taken and are transformed to 576 frequency-domain samples.[clarification needed] If there is a transient, 192 samples are taken instead of 576. This is done to limit the temporal spread of quantization noise accompanying the transient. (See psychoacoustics.)

Q1: How many domain samples are taken during encoding?
A1: 576
Q2: Domain samples are transformed into what?
A2: frequency-domain samples
Q3: When are 192 samples taken instead of 576?
A3: there is a transient
Q4: When 192 samples are taken instead of 576, it is done in an effort to limit what?
A4: temporal spread
Q5: What accompanies a transient?
A5: quantization noise
Washington_University_in_St._Louis (Geography and places)

During fiscal year 2007, $537.5 million was received in total research support, including $444 million in federal obligations. The University has over 150 National Institutes of Health funded inventions, with many of them licensed to private companies. Governmental agencies and non-profit foundations such as the NIH, United States Department of Defense, National Science Foundation, and NASA provide the majority of research grant funding, with Washington University being one of the top recipients in NIH grants from year-to-year. Nearly 80% of NIH grants to institutions in the state of Missouri went to Washington University alone in 2007. Washington University and its Medical School play a large part in the Human Genome Project, where it contributes approximately 25% of the finished sequence. The Genome Sequencing Center has decoded the genome of many animals, plants, and cellular organisms, including the platypus, chimpanzee, cat, and corn.

Q1: How much money in financial support did Washington University receive in 2007?
A1: $537.5 million
Q2: How many inventions does Washington University have funded by the National Institute of health?  
A2: 150
Q3: What percentage of NH grants in Missouri went to Washington University? 
A3: 80%
Q4: What percentage of the sequencing did the Washington University Medical School contribute to the Human Genome Project?
A4: 25%
Q5: What  are some organisms for which  the Genome Sequencing Center at  Washington University Medical provided genome decoding?
A5: platypus, chimpanzee, cat, and corn
Madonna_(entertainer) (Music)

During her childhood, Madonna was inspired by actors, later saying, "I loved Carole Lombard and Judy Holliday and Marilyn Monroe. They were all incredibly funny ... and I saw myself in them ... my girlishness, my knowingness and my innocence." Her "Material Girl" music video recreated Monroe's look in the song "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend", from the film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953). She studied the screwball comedies of the 1930s, particularly those of Lombard, in preparation for the film Who's That Girl. The video for "Express Yourself" (1989) was inspired by Fritz Lang's silent film Metropolis (1927). The video for "Vogue" recreated the style of Hollywood glamour photographs, in particular those by Horst P. Horst, and imitated the poses of Marlene Dietrich, Carole Lombard, and Rita Hayworth, while the lyrics referred to many of the stars who had inspired her, including Bette Davis, described by Madonna as an idol. However, Madonna's film career has been largely received negatively by the film critic community. Stephanie Zacharek, critic for Time magazine, stated that, "[Madonna] seems wooden and unnatural as an actress, and it's tough to watch, because she's clearly trying her damnedest." According to biographer Andrew Morton, "Madonna puts a brave face on the criticism, but privately she is deeply hurt." After the box office bomb Swept Away (2002), Madonna vowed that she would never again act in a film, hoping her repertoire as a bad actress would never be discussed again.

Q1: Name one actor that Madonna was inspired by?
A1: Marilyn Monroe
Q2: Madonna's Material Girl recreated whose look?
A2: Monroe's
Q3: The video Express Yourself was inspired by which silent film?
A3: Metropolis
Q4: Who stated that Madonna was a bad actress to watch?
A4: Stephanie Zacharek
Q5: Which one of Madonna's movie is a box office bomb?
A5: Swept Away
Elizabeth_II (History)

During her grandfather's reign, Elizabeth was third in the line of succession to the throne, behind her uncle Edward, Prince of Wales, and her father, the Duke of York. Although her birth generated public interest, she was not expected to become queen, as the Prince of Wales was still young, and many assumed that he would marry and have children of his own. When her grandfather died in 1936 and her uncle succeeded as Edward VIII, she became second-in-line to the throne, after her father. Later that year Edward abdicated, after his proposed marriage to divorced socialite Wallis Simpson provoked a constitutional crisis. Consequently, Elizabeth's father became king, and she became heir presumptive. If her parents had had a later son, she would have lost her position as first-in-line, as her brother would have been heir apparent and above her in the line of succession.

Q1: When she was born, where in the order of succession was Elizabeth?
A1: third
Q2: Before Elizabeth's father who was next in line for the throne?
A2: Edward, Prince of Wales
Q3: When did Elizabeth's grandfather die?
A3: 1936
Q4: What event caused Edward to abdicate the throne?
A4: proposed marriage
Q5: What did Edward's proposed marriage to Simpson cause?
A5: constitutional crisis
Mexico_City (Geography and places)

During his annual state-of-the-nation address on September 2, 2014, President of Mexico Enrique Peña Nieto unveiled plans for a new international airport to ease the city's notorious air traffic congestion, tentatively slated for a 2018 opening. The new airport, which would have six runways, will cost $9.15 billion and would be built on vacant federal land east of Mexico City International Airport. Goals are to eventually handle 120 million passengers a year, which would make it the busiest airport in the world.

Q1: When were the new plans of the airport revealed?
A1: September 2, 2014
Q2: When are the new plans supposed to come to fruition for the airport?
A2: 2018
Q3: How many runways will be in the new airport?
A3: six
Q4: How many passengers will the new airport be able to handle?
A4: 120 million
Q5: How much does the new airport cost?
A5: $9.15 billion