LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Uranium (Natural sciences)

Uranium-238 is the most stable isotope of uranium, with a half-life of about 4.468×109 years, roughly the age of the Earth. Uranium-235 has a half-life of about 7.13×108 years, and uranium-234 has a half-life of about 2.48×105 years. For natural uranium, about 49% of its alpha rays are emitted by each of 238U atom, and also 49% by 234U (since the latter is formed from the former) and about 2.0% of them by the 235U. When the Earth was young, probably about one-fifth of its uranium was uranium-235, but the percentage of 234U was probably much lower than this.

Q1: What isotope of uranium has the most stability?
A1: Uranium-238
Q2: About how old is the Earth?
A2: 4.468×109 years
Q3: What is the half-life of uranium-234?
A3: 2.48×105 years
Q4: What fraction of the Earth's uranium was uranium-235 during the Earth's youth?
A4: one-fifth
Q5: What percentage of the alpha rays of natural uranium are emitted by 234U?
A5: 49%
Adult_contemporary_music (Music)

Urban AC is a form of AC music geared towards adult African-American audiences, and therefore, the artists that are played on these stations are most often black, such as Des'ree, whose album I Ain't Movin' was massively popular amongst both African American audience as well as the wider national audience.

Q1: What age group is Urban AC focused towards?
A1: adult
Q2: What race is the target demographic of Urban AC radio?
A2: African-American
Q3: Who is an example of an artist played on Urban AC format radio stations?
A3: Des'ree
Q4: What is the name of the popular album released by Des'ree?
A4: I Ain't Movin'
Q5: What is the ethnicity of artists commonly played on urban adult contemporary radio?
A5: black
Anthropology (Social sciences and society)

Urban anthropology is concerned with issues of urbanization, poverty, and neoliberalism. Ulf Hannerz quotes a 1960s remark that traditional anthropologists were "a notoriously agoraphobic lot, anti-urban by definition". Various social processes in the Western World as well as in the "Third World" (the latter being the habitual focus of attention of anthropologists) brought the attention of "specialists in 'other cultures'" closer to their homes. There are two principle approaches in urban anthropology: by examining the types of cities or examining the social issues within the cities. These two methods are overlapping and dependent of each other. By defining different types of cities, one would use social factors as well as economic and political factors to categorize the cities. By directly looking at the different social issues, one would also be studying how they affect the dynamic of the city.

Q1: What division of anthropology is concerned with poverty?
A1: Urban
Q2: Who is fond of quoting a remark from the 1960s?
A2: Ulf Hannerz
Q3: What is a stereotype of traditional anthropologists? 
A3: notoriously agoraphobic
Q4: How many principles approaches are there in urban anthropology?
A4: two
Q5: One would be studying how the dynamic of a city is affected if one were looking directly at different what?
A5: social issues
Solar_energy (Natural sciences)

Urban heat islands (UHI) are metropolitan areas with higher temperatures than that of the surrounding environment. The higher temperatures are a result of increased absorption of the Solar light by urban materials such as asphalt and concrete, which have lower albedos and higher heat capacities than those in the natural environment. A straightforward method of counteracting the UHI effect is to paint buildings and roads white and plant trees. Using these methods, a hypothetical "cool communities" program in Los Angeles has projected that urban temperatures could be reduced by approximately 3 °C at an estimated cost of US$1 billion, giving estimated total annual benefits of US$530 million from reduced air-conditioning costs and healthcare savings.

Q1: UHI is an abbreviation of what?
A1: Urban heat islands
Q2: A program in Los Angeles believes that with $1 billion, city temperatures could be reduced by approximately how many degrees in Celsius?
A2: 3
Q3: What are the metropolitan areas with higher temperatures than the surrounding areas called?
A3: Urban heat islands
Q4: What materials absorb sunlight and create higher temperatures than natural materials?
A4: asphalt and concrete
Q5: What is a way to reduce the high temperatures created in urban heat islands?
A5: paint buildings and roads white and plant trees
Montevideo (Geography and places)

Uruguay's 1830s were dominated by the confrontation between Manuel Oribe and Fructuoso Rivera, the two revolutionary leaders who had fought against the Empire of Brazil under the command of Lavalleja, each of whom had become the caudillo of their respective faction. Politics were divided between Oribe's Blancos ("whites"), represented by the National Party, and Rivera's Colorados ("reds"), represented by the Colorado Party, with each party's name taken from the colour of its emblems. In 1838, Oribe was forced to resign the presidency; he established a rebel army and began a long civil war, the Guerra Grande, which lasted until 1851.

Q1: Manuel Oribe and Fructuoso Rivera fought against what empire?
A1: Empire of Brazil
Q2: Manuel Oribe and Fructuoso Rivera fought under whose command?
A2: Lavalleja
Q3: Who represented Oribe's Blancos?
A3: National Party
Q4: Who represented Rivera's Colorados?
A4: Colorado Party
Time (Philosophy and religion)

Uses of a sequence of events include stories, historical events (chronology), directions and steps in procedures, and timetables for scheduling activities. A sequence of events may also be used to help describe processes in science, technology, and medicine. A sequence of events may be focused on past events (e.g., stories, history, chronology), on future events that must be in a predetermined order (e.g., plans, schedules, procedures, timetables), or focused on the observation of past events with the expectation that the events will occur in the future (e.g., processes). The use of a sequence of events occurs in fields as diverse as machines (cam timer), documentaries (Seconds From Disaster), law (choice of law), computer simulation (discrete event simulation), and electric power transmission (sequence of events recorder). A specific example of a sequence of events is the timeline of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster.

Q1: Uses of sequences of events include what?
A1: stories, historical events (chronology), directions and steps in procedures, and timetables
Q2: What may a sequence of events be used to describe?
A2: processes in science, technology, and medicine
Q3: The use of what occurs in fields as diverse as machines, documentaries, or computer simulation?
A3: a sequence of events
Q4: What is a specific example of a sequence of events?
A4: the timeline of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster
Sexual_orientation (Natural sciences)

Using androphilia and gynephilia can avoid confusion and offense when describing people in non-western cultures, as well as when describing intersex and transgender people. Psychiatrist Anil Aggrawal explains that androphilia, along with gynephilia, "is needed to overcome immense difficulties in characterizing the sexual orientation of trans men and trans women. For instance, it is difficult to decide whether a trans man erotically attracted to males is a heterosexual female or a homosexual male; or a trans woman erotically attracted to females is a heterosexual male or a lesbian female. Any attempt to classify them may not only cause confusion but arouse offense among the affected subjects. In such cases, while defining sexual attraction, it is best to focus on the object of their attraction rather than on the sex or gender of the subject." Sexologist Milton Diamond writes, "The terms heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual are better used as adjectives, not nouns, and are better applied to behaviors, not people. This usage is particularly advantageous when discussing the partners of transsexual or intersexed individuals. These newer terms also do not carry the social weight of the former ones."

Q1: What do the terms andophilia and gynephilia help prevent?
A1: confusion and offense when describing people in non-western cultures, as well as when describing intersex and transgender people
Q2: Why does psychiatrist Anil Aggrawal say androphilia and gynephilia are needed terms?
A2: the affected s
Q3: What can attempting to label members of the LGBT community cause?
A3: confusion
Q4: What does MIlton Diamond say about the terms heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual?
A4: are better used as adjectives, not nouns, and are better applied to behaviors, not people.
Q5: What advantages do the terms androphilia and gynephilia have?
A5: when discussing the partners of transsexual or intersexed individuals
Tuberculosis (Natural sciences)

Using histological stains on expectorated samples from phlegm (also called "sputum"), scientists can identify MTB under a microscope. Since MTB retains certain stains even after being treated with acidic solution, it is classified as an acid-fast bacillus. The most common acid-fast staining techniques are the Ziehl–Neelsen stain and the Kinyoun stain, which dye acid-fast bacilli a bright red that stands out against a blue background. Auramine-rhodamine staining and fluorescence microscopy are also used.

Q1: What's another word for "sputum"?
A1: phlegm
Q2: One of the two standard acid-fast staining techniques is the Kinyoun stain; what's the other?
A2: Ziehl–Neelsen stain
Q3: What color will acid-fast bacilli become when stained?
A3: bright red
Q4: What's the term for bacillus that can be exposed to acidic solutions without losing their stains?
A4: acid-fast
Q5: If a scientist didn't want to use an acid-fast staining technique, what type of microscopy could they use instead?
A5: fluorescence
Presbyterianism (History)

Usually a Presbyterian church will not have statues of saints, nor the ornate altar more typical of a Roman Catholic church. Instead, one will find a "communion table," usually on the same level as the congregation. There may be a rail between the communion table and the "Chancel" behind it, which may contain a more decorative altar-type table, choir loft, or choir stalls, lectern and clergy area. The altar is called the communion table and the altar area is called the Chancel by Presbyterians. In a Presbyterian (Reformed Church) there may be an altar cross, either on the communion table or on a table in the chancel. By using the "empty" cross, or cross of the resurrection, Presbyterians emphasize the resurrection and that Christ is not continually dying, but died once and is alive for all eternity. Some Presbyterian church buildings are often decorated with a cross that has a circle around the center, or Celtic cross. This not only emphasized the resurrection, but also acknowledges historical aspects of Presbyterianism. A baptismal font will be located either at the entrance or near the chancel area. Presbyterian architecture generally makes significant use of symbolism. You may also find decorative and ornate stained glass windows depicting scenes from the bible. Some Presbyterian churches will also have ornate statues of Christ or Graven Scenes from the Last Supper located behind the Chancel. St. Giles Cathedral ( Church Of Scotland- The Mother Church of Presbyterians) does have a Crucifix next to one of the Pulpits that hangs alongside. The image of Christ is more of faint image and more modern design.

Q1: What did Presbyterian churches have in them?
A1: communion table
Q2: What is the alter called in the Presbyterian church?
A2: communion table
Q3: What is the alter area refered to as in the Presbyterian church?
A3: Chancel
Q4: What is a decorated cross called in a Presbyterian church?
A4: Celtic cross
Q5: What did the Celtic Cross represent?
A5: the resurrection
Federalism (History)

Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a "little constitution", called "organic law" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, "free municipality") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.

Q1: When is a federation formed?
A1: two levels
Q2: What two levels equal a federation?
A2: the central government and the regions
Q3: Why is Brazil an exception?
A3: because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite
Q4: What is each state divided into?
A4: municipalities
Q5: What does each state have their own of?
A5: with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito
United_States_dollar (History)

Usually, the short-term goal of open market operations is to achieve a specific short-term interest rate target. In other instances, monetary policy might instead entail the targeting of a specific exchange rate relative to some foreign currency or else relative to gold. For example, in the case of the United States the Federal Reserve targets the federal funds rate, the rate at which member banks lend to one another overnight. The other primary means of conducting monetary policy include: (i) Discount window lending (as lender of last resort); (ii) Fractional deposit lending (changes in the reserve requirement); (iii) Moral suasion (cajoling certain market players to achieve specified outcomes); (iv) "Open mouth operations" (talking monetary policy with the market).

Q1: What is the short term goal of open market operations?
A1: achieve a specific short-term interest rate target
Q2: What does the Federal Reserve target?
A2: federal funds rate
Q3: What is the federal funds rate?
A3: the rate at which member banks lend to one another overnight
Q4: What is the cajoling of certain market players to achieve specified outcomes also known as?
A4: Moral suasion
Q5: What does "open mouth operations" mean?
A5: talking monetary policy with the market
Utrecht (History)

Utrecht Centraal is the main railway station of Utrecht. There are regular intercity services to all major Dutch cities; direct services to Schiphol Airport. Utrecht Centraal is a station on the night service, providing 7 days a week an all night service to (among others) Schiphol Airport, Amsterdam and Rotterdam. International InterCityExpress (ICE) services to Germany (and further) through Arnhem call at Utrecht Centraal. Regular local trains to all areas surrounding Utrecht also depart from Utrecht Centraal; and service several smaller stations: Utrecht Lunetten, Utrecht Vaartsche Rijn, Utrecht Overvecht, Utrecht Leidsche Rijn, Utrecht Terwijde, Utrecht Zuilen and Vleuten. A former station Utrecht Maliebaan closed in 1939 and has since been converted into the Dutch Railway Museum.

Q1: What is the main railway station 
A1: Utrecht Centraal is the main railway station of Utrecht
Q2: Does the rail station provide 24 hour service
A2: Utrecht Centraal is a station on the night service, providing 7 days a week an all night service
Q3: Are there rail services to Germany 
A3: International InterCityExpress (ICE) services to Germany (and further) through Arnhem call at Utrecht Centraal
Q4: where to regular local trains provide service 
A4: local trains to all areas surrounding Utrecht also depart from Utrecht Centraal; and service several smaller stations
Utrecht (History)

Utrecht city has an active cultural life, and in the Netherlands is second only to Amsterdam. There are several theatres and theatre companies. The 1941 main city theatre was built by Dudok. Besides theatres there is a large number of cinemas including three arthouse cinemas. Utrecht is host to the international Early Music Festival (Festival Oude Muziek, for music before 1800) and the Netherlands Film Festival. The city has an important classical music hall Vredenburg (1979 by Herman Hertzberger). Its acoustics are considered among the best of the 20th-century original music halls.[citation needed] The original Vredenburg music hall has been redeveloped as part of the larger station area redevelopment plan and in 2014 has gained additional halls that allowed its merger with the rock club Tivoli and the SJU jazzpodium. There are several other venues for music throughout the city. Young musicians are educated in the conservatory, a department of the Utrecht School of the Arts. There is a specialised museum of automatically playing musical instruments.

Q1: Cultural life in Utrecht is second to 
A1: Utrecht city has an active cultural life, and in the Netherlands is second only to Amsterdam
Q2: What music festival does Utrecht host 
A2: Utrecht is host to the international Early Music Festival (Festival Oude Muziek, for music before 1800) and the Netherlands Film Festival
Q3: What is the name of the music hall 
A3: The city has an important classical music hall Vredenburg
Q4: Where are music students educated 
A4: Young musicians are educated in the conservatory, a department of the Utrecht School of the Arts
Utrecht (History)

Utrecht hosts several large institutions of higher education. The most prominent of these is Utrecht University (est. 1636), the largest university of the Netherlands with 30,449 students (as of 2012). The university is partially based in the inner city as well as in the Uithof campus area, to the east of the city. According to Shanghai Jiaotong University's university ranking in 2014 it is the 57th best university in the world. Utrecht also houses the much smaller University of Humanistic Studies, which houses about 400 students.

Q1: What is the largest University in the city 
A1: The most prominent of these is Utrecht University (est. 1636), the largest university of the Netherlands with 30,449 students
Q2: what is shanghai jiaotong rated 
A2: According to Shanghai Jiaotong University's university ranking in 2014 it is the 57th best university in the world
Q3: What smaller university is in Utrecht
A3: Utrecht also houses the much smaller University of Humanistic Studies, which houses about 400 students.
Utrecht (History)

Utrecht is home to the premier league (professional) football club FC Utrecht, which plays in Stadium Nieuw Galgenwaard. It is also the home of Kampong, the largest (amateur) sportsclub in the Netherlands (4,500 members), SV Kampong. Kampong features fieldhockey, soccer, cricket, tennis, squash and jeu de boules. Kampong's men and women top hockey squads play in the highest Dutch hockey league, the Rabohoofdklasse.Utrecht is also home to the baseball and Sofball club: UVV which plays in the highest Dutch baseball league: de Hoofdklasse. Utrecht's waterways are used by several rowing clubs. Viking is a large club open to the general public, and the student clubs Orca and Triton compete in the Varsity each year.

Q1: What football team is Utrecht home to
A1: Utrecht is home to the premier league (professional) football club FC Utrecht
Q2: What Utrecht waterways host to 
A2: Utrecht's waterways are used by several rowing clubs
Q3: What is kampong 
A3: Kampong, the largest (amateur) sportsclub in the Netherlands (4,500 members)
Q4: What sports does Kampong support 
A4: Kampong features fieldhockey, soccer, cricket, tennis, squash and jeu de boules.
Utrecht (History)

Utrecht is the centre of a densely populated area, which makes concise definitions of its agglomeration difficult, and somewhat arbitrary. The smaller Utrecht agglomeration of continuously built up areas counts some 420,000 inhabitants and includes Nieuwegein, IJsselstein and Maarssen. It is sometimes argued that the close by municipalities De Bilt, Zeist, Houten, Vianen, Driebergen-Rijsenburg (Utrechtse Heuvelrug), and Bunnik should also be counted towards the Utrecht agglomeration, bringing the total to 640,000 inhabitants. The larger region, including slightly more remote towns such as Woerden and Amersfoort counts up to 820,000 inhabitants.

Q1: What does the dense population make difficult 
A1: which makes concise definitions of its agglomeration difficult, and somewhat arbitrary.
Q2: Least populates areas of Utrecht 
A2: smaller Utrecht agglomeration of continuously built up areas counts some 420,000 inhabitants and includes Nieuwegein, IJsselstein and Maarssen
Q3: More populated areas include 
A3: The larger region, including slightly more remote towns such as Woerden and Amersfoort counts up to 820,000 inhabitants
Utrecht (History)

Utrecht is well-connected to the Dutch road network. Two of the most important major roads serve the city of Utrecht: the A12 and A2 motorways connect Amsterdam, Arnhem, The Hague and Maastricht, as well as Belgium and Germany. Other major motorways in the area are the Almere–Breda A27 and the Utrecht–Groningen A28. Due to the increasing traffic and the ancient city plan, traffic congestion is a common phenomenon in and around Utrecht, causing elevated levels of air pollutants. This has led to a passionate debate in the city about the best way to improve the city's air quality.

Q1: Is Utrecht connected to the Dutch road system
A1: well-connected to the Dutch road network. Two of the most important major roads serve the city of Utrecht:
Q2: What countries do the A12 and A2 connect
A2: A12 and A2 motorways connect Amsterdam, Arnhem, The Hague and Maastricht, as well as Belgium and Germany
Q3: What does traffic elevate 
A3: increasing traffic and the ancient city plan, traffic congestion is a common phenomenon in and around Utrecht, causing elevated levels of air pollutants
Utrecht (History)

Utrecht's cityscape is dominated by the Dom Tower, the tallest belfry in the Netherlands and originally part of the Cathedral of Saint Martin. An ongoing debate is over whether any building in or near the centre of town should surpass the Dom Tower in height (112 m). Nevertheless, some tall buildings are now being constructed that will become part of the skyline of Utrecht. The second tallest building of the city, the Rabobank-tower, was completed in 2010 and stands 105 m (344.49 ft) tall. Two antennas will increase that height to 120 m (393.70 ft). Two other buildings were constructed around the Nieuw Galgenwaard stadium (2007). These buildings, the 'Kantoortoren Galghenwert' and 'Apollo Residence', stand 85.5 and 64.5 metres high respectively.

Q1: what dominates the cityscape
A1: Utrecht's cityscape is dominated by the Dom Tower, the tallest belfry in the Netherlands and originally part of the Cathedral of Saint Martin
Q2: What is being debated in Utrecht
A2: An ongoing debate is over whether any building in or near the centre of town should surpass the Dom Tower in height (112 m)
Q3: What is the name of the stadium 
A3: the Nieuw Galgenwaard stadium (2007)