LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Namibia (Social sciences and society)

The malaria problem seems to be compounded by the AIDS epidemic. Research has shown that in Namibia the risk of contracting malaria is 14.5% greater if a person is also infected with HIV. The risk of death from malaria is also raised by approximately 50% with a concurrent HIV infection. Given infection rates this large, as well as a looming malaria problem, it may be very difficult for the government to deal with both the medical and economic impacts of this epidemic. The country had only 598 physicians in 2002.

Q1: What health issue is compounded by the AIDS epidemic in Namibia?
A1: malaria
Q2: What is the risk of contracting malaria if an individual is already infected with HIV?
A2: 14.5% greater
Q3: The risk of death by malaria raises by how much with a concurrent HIV infection?
A3: 50%
Q4: How many physicians did Namibia have in 2002?
A4: 598
Premier_League (Sports and recreation)

The managing director of London Weekend Television (LWT), Greg Dyke, met with the representatives of the "big five" football clubs in England in 1990. The meeting was to pave the way for a break away from The Football League. Dyke believed that it would be more lucrative for LWT if only the larger clubs in the country were featured on national television and wanted to establish whether the clubs would be interested in a larger share of television rights money. The five clubs decided it was a good idea and decided to press ahead with it; however, the league would have no credibility without the backing of The Football Association and so David Dein of Arsenal held talks to see whether the FA were receptive to the idea. The FA did not enjoy an amicable relationship with the Football League at the time and considered it as a way to weaken the Football League's position.

Q1: Why did Greg Dyke of London Weekend Television meet with representatives of the biggest five English football clubs in 1990?
A1: The meeting was to pave the way for a break away from The Football League.
Q2: Why did Dyke only want the larger clubs featured on national television?
A2: Dyke believed that it would be more lucrative for LWT if only the larger clubs in the country were featured on national television
Q3: Did the five clubs think this was a good idea?
A3: The five clubs decided it was a good idea and decided to press ahead with it
Q4: Were talks held with the Football Association to see if they were okay with this plan?
A4: David Dein of Arsenal held talks to see whether the FA were receptive to the idea
Q5: Who was the London Weekend Television's managing director?
A5: Greg Dyke
Q6: In which year did the managing director meet with the representatives of the "big five" football clubs?
A6: 1990
Q7: In which country did the managing director meet with the representatives of the "big five" football clubs?
A7: England
Q8: Which Arsenal representative held talks with the Football Association about getting their backing for the new league?
A8: David Dein
Q9: What did the Football Association want to do through building a relationship with the new league?
A9: weaken the Football League's position
Mandolin (Music)

The mandolin has been used occasionally in rock music, first appearing in the psychedelic era of the late 1960s. Levon Helm of The Band occasionally moved from his drum kit to play mandolin, most notably on Rag Mama Rag, Rockin' Chair, and Evangeline. Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull played mandolin on Fat Man, from their second album, Stand Up, and also occasionally on later releases. Rod Stewart's 1971 No. 1 hit Maggie May features a significant mandolin riff. David Grisman played mandolin on two Grateful Dead songs on the American Beauty album, Friend of the Devil and Ripple, which became instant favorites among amateur pickers at jam sessions and campground gatherings. John Paul Jones and Jimmy Page both played mandolin on Led Zeppelin songs. The popular alt rock group Imagine Dragons feature the mandolin on a few of their songs, most prominently being It's Time. Dash Crofts of the soft rock duo Seals and Crofts extensively used mandolin in their repertoire during the 1970s. Styx released the song Boat on the River in 1980, which featured Tommy Shaw on vocals and mandolin. The song didn't chart in the United States but was popular in much of Europe and the Philippines.

Q1: When did the mandolin first appear in rock music?
A1: psychedelic era of the late 1960s
Q2: Who played the drums and the mandolin in the group called The Band?
A2: Levon Helm
Q3: What Rod Stewart song in 1971 featured the mandolin?
A3: Maggie May
Q4: What artist from the Greatful Dead played the mandolin?
A4: David Grisman
Q5: Tommy Shaw sang and played the mandolin in which Styx song?
A5: Boat on the River
Mandolin (Music)

The mandolin orchestras never completely went away, however. In fact, along with all the other musical forms the mandolin is involved with, the mandolin ensemble (groups usually arranged like the string section of a modern symphony orchestra, with first mandolins, second mandolins, mandolas, mandocellos, mando-basses, and guitars, and sometimes supplemented by other instruments) continues to grow in popularity. Since the mid-nineties, several public-school mandolin-based guitar programs have blossomed around the country, including Fretworks Mandolin and Guitar Orchestra, the first of its kind. The national organization, Classical Mandolin Society of America, founded by Norman Levine, represents these groups. Prominent modern mandolinists and composers for mandolin in the classical music tradition include Samuel Firstman, Howard Fry, Rudy Cipolla, Dave Apollon, Neil Gladd, Evan Marshall, Marilynn Mair and Mark Davis (the Mair-Davis Duo), Brian Israel, David Evans, Emanuil Shynkman, Radim Zenkl, David Del Tredici and Ernst Krenek.

Q1: What groups have become popular amonbgpublic schools?
A1: mandolin-based guitar programs
Q2: What are two of the popular public school groups? 
A2: Fretworks Mandolin and Guitar Orchestra
Q3: Who found the Classical Mandolin Society of America?
A3: Norman Levine
Q4: Who are modern mandolinists and composers?
A4: Samuel Firstman, Howard Fry, Rudy Cipolla
Mandolin (Music)

The mandolin's popularity in the United States was spurred by the success of a group of touring young European musicians known as the Estudiantina Figaro, or in the United States, simply the "Spanish Students." The group landed in the U.S. on January 2, 1880 in New York City, and played in Boston and New York to wildly enthusiastic crowds. Ironically, this ensemble did not play mandolins but rather bandurrias, which are also small, double-strung instruments that resemble the mandolin. The success of the Figaro Spanish Students spawned other groups who imitated their musical style and costumes. An Italian musician, Carlo Curti, hastily started a musical ensemble after seeing the Figaro Spanish Students perform; his group of Italian born Americans called themselves the "Original Spanish Students," counting on the American public to not know the difference between the Spanish bandurrias and Italian mandolins. The imitators' use of mandolins helped to generate enormous public interest in an instrument previously relatively unknown in the United States.

Q1: What group in the US was popular?
A1: Estudiantina Figaro
Q2: When did the Estudiantina Figaro come to the US?
A2: January 2, 1880
Q3: Where did the Estudiantina Figaro play? 
A3: Boston and New York
Q4: What group was inspired by the Estudiantina Figaro? 
A4: Original Spanish Students
Q5: What did the Origianl Spanish Students expect the American  public not to know? 
A5: the difference between the Spanish bandurrias and Italian mandolins
Daylight_saving_time (Engineering and technology)

The manipulation of time at higher latitudes (for example Iceland, Nunavut or Alaska) has little impact on daily life, because the length of day and night changes more extremely throughout the seasons (in comparison to other latitudes), and thus sunrise and sunset times are significantly out of sync with standard working hours regardless of manipulations of the clock. DST is also of little use for locations near the equator, because these regions see only a small variation in daylight in the course of the year.

Q1: What latitudes see more extreme changes in the length of their days and nights throughout the year?
A1: higher latitudes
Q2: What region of the earth sees little change in daylight from season to season?
A2: near the equator
Q3: How much impact does the times of daylight and night have on areas like Iceland or Alaska?
A3: little
Q4: Would observing Daylight Saving Time have a small or large effect on how light it is during the workday in areas at high latitudes?
A4: small
Q5: As compared to areas with lower latitudes, what kind of change do areas with high latitudes see in the length of day through the seasons?
A5: extreme
Neptune (Natural sciences)

The mantle is equivalent to 10 to 15 Earth masses and is rich in water, ammonia and methane. As is customary in planetary science, this mixture is referred to as icy even though it is a hot, dense fluid. This fluid, which has a high electrical conductivity, is sometimes called a water–ammonia ocean. The mantle may consist of a layer of ionic water in which the water molecules break down into a soup of hydrogen and oxygen ions, and deeper down superionic water in which the oxygen crystallises but the hydrogen ions float around freely within the oxygen lattice. At a depth of 7000 km, the conditions may be such that methane decomposes into diamond crystals that rain downwards like hailstones. Very-high-pressure experiments at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory suggest that the base of the mantle may comprise an ocean of liquid carbon with floating solid 'diamonds'.

Q1: What is Neptune's mantle rich in? 
A1: water, ammonia and methane
Q2: What is the hot, dense fluid in Neptune referred to as? 
A2: icy
Q3: What does the fluid in Neptune have a high conductivity of? 
A3: electrical
Q4: How deep does Neptune's water-ammonia ocean go? 
A4: 7000 km
Q5: What rains on Neptune? 
A5: diamond crystals
List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan (Geography and places)

The many institutions on 187th Street include Mount Sinai Jewish Center, the Dombrov Shtiebel, and the uptown campus of Yeshiva University. The local public elementary school P.S. 187 is located on Cabrini Boulevard, just north of the eponymous 187th Street 

Q1: Which school is located on Cabrini Boulevard?
A1: P.S. 187
Q2: On what street is the Dombrov Shtiebel?
A2: 187th Street
Q3: Which University has a campus on 187th Street?
A3: Yeshiva University
Q4: Cabrini Boulevard is just north of what street?
A4: 187th Street
Q5: On what street is the Mount Sinai Jewish Center?
A5: 187th Street
2008_Sichuan_earthquake (Natural sciences)

The map of earthquake intensity published by CEA after surveying 500,000 km2 of the affected area shows a maximum liedu of XI on the China Seismic Intensity Scale (CSIS), described as "very destructive" on the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) from which CSIS drew reference. (USGS, using the Modified Mercalli intensity scale (CC), also placed maximum intensity at XI, "very disastrous".) Two south-west-north-east stripes of liedu XI are centered around Yingxiu, Wenchuan (the town closest to the epicenter of the main quake) and Beichuan (the town repeatedly struck by strong aftershocks including one registering MS 6.1 on Aug 1, 2008), both in Sichuan Province, occupying a total of 2,419 km2. The Yingxiu liedu-XI zone is about 66 km long and 20 km wide along Wenchuan–Dujiangyan–Pengzhou; the Beichuan liedu-XI zone is about 82 km long and 15 km wide along An County–Beichuan–Pingwu. The area with liedu X (comparable to X on EMS, "destructive" and X on MM, "disastrous") spans 3,144 km2. The area affected by earthquakes exceeding liedu VI totals 440,442 km2, occupying an oval 936 km long and 596 km wide, spanning three provinces and one autonomous region.

Q1: Who published the map of the earthquakes intensity?
A1: CEA
Q2: What was the intensity scaled at?
A2: XI
Q3: What does the China Seismic Intensity Scale call the earthquake?
A3: very destructive
Q4: How did the USGS rate the earthquake?
A4: very disastrous
Q5: What town was closest to the main epicenter?
A5: Yingxiu, Wenchuan
Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy (Geography and places)

The marine life found here consists of anemones, urchins, sea cucumbers, and eels, which all live on the reefs along with turtles, conch and many varieties of marine fishes. The marine aquafauna is rich in conch, which has pearly-pink shells. Its meat is a favourite food supplement item and their shells are a collectors item. Other species of fish which are recorded close to the shore line in shallow waters are: sergeant majors, the blue chromis, brown chromis, surgeon fish; blue tangs and trumpet fish. On the shore are ghost crabs, which always live on the beach in small burrowed tunnels made in sand, and the hermit crabs, which live in land but lay eggs in water and which also eat garbage and sewerage. They spend some months in the sea during and after the hatching season.

Q1: What color are conch shells?
A1: pearly-pink
Q2: What common sea creature produces a collectable Item?
A2: conch
Q3: Where are surgeonfish found in St. Barts?
A3: shallow waters
Q4: What kind of crabs besides hermit crabs are common on the beach in St. Barts?
A4: ghost
Q5: What do hermit crabs eat?
A5: garbage and sewerage
Late_Middle_Ages (History)

The marriage of Richard II of England to Anne of Bohemia established contacts between the two nations and brought Lollard ideas to her homeland. The teachings of the Czech priest Jan Hus were based on those of John Wycliffe, yet his followers, the Hussites, were to have a much greater political impact than the Lollards. Hus gained a great following in Bohemia, and in 1414, he was requested to appear at the Council of Constance to defend his cause. When he was burned as a heretic in 1415, it caused a popular uprising in the Czech lands. The subsequent Hussite Wars fell apart due to internal quarrels and did not result in religious or national independence for the Czechs, but both the Catholic Church and the German element within the country were weakened.

Q1: In what year was Jan Hus burned at the stake?
A1: 1415
Q2: Who did Richard II of England marry?
A2: Anne of Bohemia
Q3: Whose teachings did Jan Hus base his own on?
A3: John Wycliffe
Q4: What were the followers of Jan Hus called?
A4: Hussites
Q5: What conflict resulted from death of Jan Hus?
A5: Hussite Wars
Northwestern_University (History)

The mascot of Northwestern Athletics is Willie the Wildcat. The first mascot, however, was a live, caged bear cub from the Lincoln Park Zoo named Furpaw who was brought to the playing field on the day of a game to greet the fans. But after a losing season, the team, deciding that Furpaw was to blame for its misfortune, banished him from campus forever. Willie the Wildcat made his debut in 1933 first as a logo, and then in three dimensions in 1947, when members of the Alpha Delta fraternity dressed as wildcats during a Homecoming Parade. The Northwestern University Marching Band (NUMB) performs at all home football games and leads cheers in the student section and performs the Alma Mater at the end of the game.

Q1: Who is the mascot of Northwestern Athletics?
A1: Willie the Wildcat
Q2: What was the first mascot of Northwestern Athletics?
A2: a live, caged bear cub from the Lincoln Park Zoo
Q3: What was the name of Northwestern Athletics's bear cub mascot?
A3: Furpaw
Q4: Who did the athletic team blame for it's first losing season?
A4: Furpaw
Q5: What did the athletic team do with Furpaw after they lost the first season?
A5: banished him from campus forever
High-definition_television (Engineering and technology)

The massive amount of data storage required to archive uncompressed streams meant that inexpensive uncompressed storage options were not available to the consumer. In 2008, the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder was introduced. This device accepts HD content through component video inputs and stores the content in MPEG-2 format in a .ts file or in a Blu-ray compatible format .m2ts file on the hard drive or DVD burner of a computer connected to the PVR through a USB 2.0 interface. More recent systems are able to record a broadcast high definition program in its 'as broadcast' format or transcode to a format more compatible with Blu-ray.

Q1: When was the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder introduced?
A1: 2008
Q2: How does the Personal Video Recorder store content?
A2: in MPEG-2 format in a .ts file or in a Blu-ray compatible format .m2ts file
Q3: Recent systems can record a broadcast HD program in what format?
A3: 'as broadcast' format or transcode to a format more compatible with Blu-ray
Q4: What uncompressed storage option was introduced in 2008?
A4: the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder
Age_of_Enlightenment (Philosophy and religion)

The massive work was arranged according to a "tree of knowledge." The tree reflected the marked division between the arts and sciences, which was largely a result of the rise of empiricism. Both areas of knowledge were united by philosophy, or the trunk of the tree of knowledge. The Enlightenment's desacrilization of religion was pronounced in the tree's design, particularly where theology accounted for a peripheral branch, with black magic as a close neighbour. As the Encyclopédie gained popularity, it was published in quarto and octavo editions after 1777. The quarto and octavo editions were much less expensive than previous editions, making the Encyclopédie more accessible to the non-elite. Robert Darnton estimates that there were approximately 25 000 copies of the Encyclopédie in circulation throughout France and Europe before the French Revolution. The extensive, yet affordable encyclopedia came to represent the transmission of Enlightenment and scientific education to an expanding audience.

Q1: How was the Encyclopedie arranged?
A1: according to a "tree of knowledge."
Q2: The rise of empiricism caused a division between which two subjects?
A2: the arts and sciences
Q3: What was considered the trunk of the tree of knowledge?
A3: philosophy
Q4: Which editions of the Encyclopedie were less expensive and more accessible to the non-elite?
A4: quarto and octavo
Q5: How many copies of the Encyclopedie were estimated to be in circulation throughout France and Europe before the French Revolution?
A5: 25 000
Materialism (Philosophy and religion)

The materialist view is perhaps best understood in its opposition to the doctrines of immaterial substance applied to the mind historically, famously by René Descartes. However, by itself materialism says nothing about how material substance should be characterized. In practice, it is frequently assimilated to one variety of physicalism or another.

Q1: Was René Descartes an idealist or a materialist?
A1: materialist
Q2: Materialism does not define what?
A2: how material substance should be characterized.
Anti-aircraft_warfare (Warfare)

The maximum distance at which a gun or missile can engage an aircraft is an important figure. However, many different definitions are used but unless the same definition is used, performance of different guns or missiles cannot be compared. For AA guns only the ascending part of the trajectory can be usefully used. One term is 'ceiling', maximum ceiling being the height a projectile would reach if fired vertically, not practically useful in itself as few AA guns are able to fire vertically, and maximum fuse duration may be too short, but potentially useful as a standard to compare different weapons.

Q1: What is an important number when it comes to guns engaging an aircraft?
A1: The maximum distance
Q2: What can be used to determine the maximum distance for an AA gun?
A2: only the ascending part of the trajectory
Q3: What is the term used to describe the height that a projectile would go to if it was fired vertically?
A3: maximum ceiling
Q4: Few AA guns are able to fire which way?
A4: vertically
Capacitor (Engineering and technology)

The maximum energy is a function of dielectric volume, permittivity, and dielectric strength. Changing the plate area and the separation between the plates while maintaining the same volume causes no change of the maximum amount of energy that the capacitor can store, so long as the distance between plates remains much smaller than both the length and width of the plates. In addition, these equations assume that the electric field is entirely concentrated in the dielectric between the plates. In reality there are fringing fields outside the dielectric, for example between the sides of the capacitor plates, which will increase the effective capacitance of the capacitor. This is sometimes called parasitic capacitance. For some simple capacitor geometries this additional capacitance term can be calculated analytically. It becomes negligibly small when the ratios of plate width to separation and length to separation are large.

Q1: What is a function of the amount of dielectric, the strength of dielectric and its permittivity?
A1: The maximum energy
Q2: If the plate area and separation distance are altered while keeping the amount of dielectric the same, what effect is had on the maximum energy of the capacitor? 
A2: no change of the maximum amount of energy
Q3: In a realistic model of a capacitor, where else besides between the dielectric between the conductors might an electric field be found?
A3: fringing fields outside the dielectric
Q4: When an electric field exists between the sides of the plates as well as in within the dielectric, what effect is had on the effective capacitance of the capacitor?
A4: will increase the effective capacitance
Q5: When the ratios of plate length and width to separation distance are large, what size is the parasitic capacitance?
A5: negligibly small
Paris (Geography and places)

The mayor of Paris is elected indirectly by Paris voters; the voters of each arrondissement elect the Conseil de Paris (Council of Paris), composed of 163 members. Each arrondissement has a number of members depending upon its population, from 10 members for each of the least-populated arrondissements (1st through 9th) to 36 members for the most populated (the 15th). The elected council members select the mayor. Sometimes the candidate who receives the most votes city-wide is not selected if the other candidate has won the support of the majority of council members. Mayor Bertrand Delanoë (2001-2014) was elected by only a minority of city voters, but a majority of council members. Once elected, the council plays a largely passive role in the city government; it meets only once a month. The current council is divided between a coalition of the left of 91 members, including the socialists, communists, greens, and extreme left; and 71 members for the centre right, plus a few members from smaller parties.

Q1: How many members are there in the Conseil de Paris?
A1: 163
Q2: How was Mayor Bertand Delanoe elected
A2: majority of council members
Q3: How often does the council meet?
A3: once a month
Q4: What years was Bertrand Delanoe Mayor?
A4: 2001-2014