LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
The_Blitz (History)

Based on experience with German strategic bombing during World War I against the United Kingdom, the British government estimated after the war that 50 casualties— with about one third killed— would result for every tonne of bombs dropped on London. The estimate of tonnes of bombs an enemy could drop per day grew as aircraft technology advanced, from 75 in 1922, to 150 in 1934, to 644 in 1937. That year the Committee on Imperial Defence estimated that an attack of 60 days would result in 600,000 dead and 1,200,000 wounded. News reports of the Spanish Civil War, such as the bombing of Barcelona, supported the 50-casualties-per-tonne estimate. By 1938 experts generally expected that Germany would attempt to drop as much as 3,500 tonnes in the first 24 hours of war and average 700 tonnes a day for several weeks. In addition to high explosive and incendiary bombs the enemy would possibly use poison gas and even bacteriological warfare, all with a high degree of accuracy. In 1939 military theorist Basil Liddell-Hart predicted that 250,000 deaths and injuries in Britain could occur in the first week of war.

Q1: How many casualties did the British government estimate for every ton of bombs dropped?
A1: 50
Q2: As technology increased what was the amount of bombs that could be dropped in 1937 per day? 
A2: 644
Q3: What committee estimated that 60 days of attacks would result in 600,000 deaths?
A3: Imperial Defence
Q4: How many tons did experts expect Germany to drop in the first 24 hours of the war?
A4: 3,500
Q5: Who was the military theorist in 1939 who said 250,000 deaths and injury could occur in the first week of war in Britian?
A5: Basil Liddell-Hart
Bird (Natural sciences)

Based on fossil and biological evidence, most scientists accept that birds are a specialized subgroup of theropod dinosaurs, and more specifically, they are members of Maniraptora, a group of theropods which includes dromaeosaurs and oviraptorids, among others. As scientists have discovered more theropods closely related to birds, the previously clear distinction between non-birds and birds has become blurred. Recent discoveries in the Liaoning Province of northeast China, which demonstrate many small theropod feathered dinosaurs, contribute to this ambiguity.

Q1: What evidence leads most scientists to accept that birds are a specialized subgroup of theropod dinosaurs?
A1: fossil and biological evidence
Q2: What is a group of theropods which include dromaeosaurs and oviraptorids?
A2: Maniraptora
Q3: Recent discoveries in what country demonstrate many small theropod feathered dinosaurs.
A3: China
Chinese_characters (Language and literature)

Based on studies of these bronze inscriptions, it is clear that, from the Shang dynasty writing to that of the Western Zhou and early Eastern Zhou, the mainstream script evolved in a slow, unbroken fashion, until assuming the form that is now known as seal script in the late Eastern Zhou in the state of Qin, without any clear line of division. Meanwhile, other scripts had evolved, especially in the eastern and southern areas during the late Zhou dynasty, including regional forms, such as the gǔwén ("ancient forms") of the eastern Warring States preserved as variant forms in the Han dynasty character dictionary Shuowen Jiezi, as well as decorative forms such as bird and insect scripts.

Q1: What has evolved over time?
A1: scripts
Q2: What type of forms are bird and insect scripts considered?
A2: decorative
Q3: What is guwen considered as?
A3: ancient forms
Philadelphia (History)

Based on the similar shifts underway the nation's economy after 1960, Philadelphia experienced a loss of manufacturing companies and jobs to lower taxed regions of the USA and often overseas. As a result, the economic base of Philadelphia, which had historically been manufacturing, declined significantly. In addition, consolidation in several American industries (retailing, financial services and health care in particular) reduced the number of companies headquartered in Philadelphia. The economic impact of these changes would reduce Philadelphia's tax base and the resources of local government. Philadelphia struggled through a long period of adjustment to these economic changes, coupled with significant demographic change as wealthier residents moved into the nearby suburbs and more immigrants moved into the city. The city in fact approached bankruptcy in the late 1980s. Revitalization began in the 1990s, with gentrification turning around many neighborhoods and reversing its decades-long trend of population loss.

Q1: What was the historical economic base of Philadelphia?
A1: manufacturing
Q2: When did the city near bankruptcy?
A2: late 1980s
Q3: Where did wealthy residents move?
A3: suburbs
Q4: Who replaced the wealthy?
A4: immigrants
Steven_Spielberg (Media and drama)

Based on the strength of his work, Universal signed Spielberg to do four TV films. The first was a Richard Matheson adaptation called Duel. The film is about a psychotic Peterbilt 281 tanker truck driver who chases the terrified driver (Dennis Weaver) of a small Plymouth Valiant and tries to run him off the road. Special praise of this film by the influential British critic Dilys Powell was highly significant to Spielberg's career. Another TV film (Something Evil) was made and released to capitalize on the popularity of The Exorcist, then a major best-selling book which had not yet been released as a film. He fulfilled his contract by directing the TV film-length pilot of a show called Savage, starring Martin Landau. Spielberg's debut full-length feature film was The Sugarland Express, about a married couple who are chased by police as the couple tries to regain custody of their baby. Spielberg's cinematography for the police chase was praised by reviewers, and The Hollywood Reporter stated that "a major new director is on the horizon.":223 However, the film fared poorly at the box office and received a limited release.

Q1: How many TV films did Universal sign Spielbergo to direct?
A1: four
Q2: What British critic helped boost Steven Spielberg's career?
A2: Dilys Powell
Q3: Who starred in the TV show "Savage"?
A3: Martin Landau
Q4: How did Steven Spielberg's film "The Sugarland Express" do in the box office?
A4: poorly
Q5: What were the married couple in Steven Spielberg's film "The Sugarland Express" trying to regain?
A5: custody of their baby
Q6: How many TV movies was Spielberg signed to direct?
A6: four
Q7: What kind of truck was 'Duel' about?
A7: Peterbilt 281 tanker
Q8: Which British critic praised 'Duel'?
A8: Dilys Powell
Q9: Which TV film Spielberg directed played off 'The Exorcist'?
A9: Something Evil
Q10: Who starred in 'Savage'/
A10: Martin Landau
Diarrhea (Natural sciences)

Basic sanitation techniques can have a profound effect on the transmission of diarrheal disease. The implementation of hand washing using soap and water, for example, has been experimentally shown to reduce the incidence of disease by approximately 42–48%. Hand washing in developing countries, however, is compromised by poverty as acknowledged by the CDC: "Handwashing is integral to disease prevention in all parts of the world; however, access to soap and water is limited in a number of less developed countries. This lack of access is one of many challenges to proper hygiene in less developed countries." Solutions to this barrier require the implementation of educational programs that encourage sanitary behaviours.

Q1: What has had major effects on the transmission of diarrheal diseases?
A1: Basic sanitation techniques
Q2: How much does hand washing reduce the chances of disease?
A2: approximately 42–48%
Q3: Why do developing countries not wash their hands as much as other countries?
A3: access to soap and water is limited
Q4: What is a solution to help this problem?
A4: implementation of educational programs that encourage sanitary behaviours
Race_(human_categorization) (Natural sciences)

Basically, race in Brazil was "biologized", but in a way that recognized the difference between ancestry (which determines genotype) and phenotypic differences. There, racial identity was not governed by rigid descent rule, such as the one-drop rule, as it was in the United States. A Brazilian child was never automatically identified with the racial type of one or both parents, nor were there only a very limited number of categories to choose from, to the extent that full siblings can pertain to different racial groups.

Q1: What country was race "Biologized" in?
A1: Brazil
Q2: What wasn't racial identity governed by in Brazil?
A2: rigid descent rule
Q3: What were Brazillian children never automatically identified with the type of?
A3: racial
Q4: What may full siblings belong to?
A4: different racial groups
Q5: What determines genotype?
A5: ancestry
Estonia (Geography and places)

Basketball is also a notable sport in Estonia. Estonia national basketball team previously participated in 1936 Summer Olympics, appeared in EuroBasket four times. Estonia national team also qualified to EuroBasket 2015, which will be held in Ukraine. BC Kalev/Cramo, which participates in EuroCup, is the most recent Korvpalli Meistriliiga winner after becoming champion of the league for the 6th time. Tartu Ülikool/Rock, which participates in EuroChallenge, is the second strongest Estonian basketball club, previously winning Korvpalli Meistriliiga 22 times. Six Estonian basketball clubs participates in Baltic Basketball League.

Q1: What year did Estonia's basketball team first compete in the Summer Olympics
A1: 1936
Q2: How many instances has Estonia appeared in the EuroBasket tournament?
A2: four
Q3: Which Estonian football club competes in the EuroCup?
A3: BC Kalev/Cramo
Q4: What is the name of second best basketball club in Estonia?
A4: Tartu Ülikool/Rock
Q5: How many Estonian teams are in the Baltic Basketball League?
A5: Six
Brigham_Young_University (Philosophy and religion)

Bateman was responsible for the building of 36 new buildings for the university both on and off campus, including the expansion of the Harold B. Lee Library. He was also one of several key college leaders who brought about the creation of the Mountain West Conference, which BYU's athletics program joined — BYU previously participated in the Western Athletic Conference. A BYU satellite TV network also opened in 2000 under his leadership. Bateman was also president during the September 11th attacks in 2001. The planes crashed on a Tuesday, hours before the weekly devotional normally held at BYU. Previous plans for the devotional were altered, as Bateman led the student body in a prayer for peace. Bateman was followed by Cecil O. Samuelson in 2003. Samuelson was succeeded by Kevin J Worthen in 2014.

Q1: What infamous event occurred during Bateman's term as president?
A1: the September 11th attacks
Q2: What was the name of the event the athletic program was involved with prior to the Mountain West Conference?
A2: the Western Athletic Conference
Q3: In what year did the school begin a BYU television network?
A3: 2000
Q4: Who replaced Bateman's successor?
A4: Kevin J Worthen
Q5: What type of BYU TV network opened in 2000 under Pres. Merrill J. Bateman?
A5: satellite
Q6: What did Pres. Bateman replace a scheduled devotial to do following the Sept. 11th, 2001 attacks?
A6: led the student body in a prayer for peace
Q7: What library was Pres. Bateman responsible for expanding?
A7: Harold B. Lee Library
Q8: What did BYU's athletic program join under Pres. Bateman?
A8: the Mountain West Conference
Q9: Which did BYU's athletic program belong to before joining the Mountain West Conference?
A9: the Western Athletic Conference
Somerset (Geography and places)

Bath Rugby play at the Recreation Ground in Bath, and the Somerset County Cricket Club are based at the County Ground in Taunton. The county gained its first Football League club in 2003, when Yeovil Town won promotion to Division Three as Football Conference champions. They had achieved numerous FA Cup victories over football League sides in the past 50 years, and since joining the elite they have won promotion again—as League Two champions in 2005. They came close to yet another promotion in 2007, when they reached the League One playoff final, but lost to Blackpool at the newly reopened Wembley Stadium. Yeovil achieved promotion to the Championship in 2013 after beating Brentford in the playoff final. Horse racing courses are at Taunton and Wincanton.

Q1: Where does the rugby team play 
A1: Bath Rugby play at the Recreation Ground in Bath
Q2: The county's first football team is 
A2: Yeovil Town won promotion to Division Three as Football Conference champions
Q3: When did yeovil achieve promotion to the champion league 
A3: Yeovil achieved promotion to the Championship in 2013 after beating Brentford in the playoff final
Q4: Where are the horse races held 
A4: Horse racing courses are at Taunton and Wincanton
Melbourne (Geography and places)

Batman's Treaty with the Aborigines was annulled by the New South Wales governor (who at the time governed all of eastern mainland Australia), with compensation paid to members of the association. In 1836, Governor Bourke declared the city the administrative capital of the Port Phillip District of New South Wales, and commissioned the first plan for the city, the Hoddle Grid, in 1837. The settlement was named Batmania after Batman. However, later that year the settlement was named "Melbourne" after the British Prime Minister, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, whose seat was Melbourne Hall in the market town of Melbourne, Derbyshire. On 13 April 1837 the settlement's general post office officially opened with that name.

Q1: In what year was the first plan for the city commissioned?
A1: 1837
Q2: What was the first plan for the city in 1837 called?
A2: the Hoddle Grid
Q3: On what date did the official general post office open?
A3: 13 April 1837
Q4: What was the settlement originally named?
A4: Batmania
Anti-aircraft_warfare (Warfare)

Batteries are usually grouped into battalions or equivalent. In the field army a light gun or SHORAD battalion is often assigned to a manoeuvre division. Heavier guns and long-range missiles may be in air-defence brigades and come under corps or higher command. Homeland air defence may have a full military structure. For example, the UK's Anti-Aircraft Command, commanded by a full British Army general was part of ADGB. At its peak in 1941–42 it comprised three AA corps with 12 AA divisions between them.

Q1: How are batteries typically grouped?
A1: into battalions
Q2: What type of battalion is normally tasked to a manoeuvre division in the field army?
A2: light gun or SHORAD
Q3: Which military section could have a full military structure?
A3: Homeland air defence
Q4: Who commanded the UK's Anti-Aircraft Command?
A4: a full British Army general
Q5: How many corps was the UK's Anti-Aircraft Command?
A5: three AA corps
Canadian_Armed_Forces (Warfare)

Battles which are particularly notable to the Canadian military include the Battle of Vimy Ridge, the Dieppe Raid, the Battle of Ortona, the Battle of Passchendaele, the Normandy Landings, the Battle for Caen, the Battle of the Scheldt, the Battle of Britain, the Battle of the Atlantic, the strategic bombing of German cities, and more recently the Battle of Medak Pocket, in Croatia.

Q1: What famous World War II battle was the Canadian Military part of?
A1: the Normandy Landings
Q2: What effort was the Canadian Military known for in Germany?
A2: the strategic bombing of German cities
Q3: What Battle in France was the Canadian Military known for?
A3: the Battle of Vimy Ridge
Q4: What country was the latest Canadian Military effort?
A4: Croatia
Czech_language (Language and literature)

Because Czech uses grammatical case to convey word function in a sentence (instead of relying on word order, as English does), its word order is flexible. As a pro-drop language, in Czech an intransitive sentence can consist of only a verb; information about its subject is encoded in the verb. Enclitics (primarily auxiliary verbs and pronouns) must appear in the second syntactic slot of a sentence, after the first stressed unit. The first slot must contain a subject and object, a main form of a verb, an adverb or a conjunction (except for the light conjunctions a, "and", i, "and even" or ale, "but").

Q1: Czech's word order is flexible because it uses what to convey word function in a sentence?
A1: grammatical case
Q2: In Czech an intransitive sentence may consist of only what?
A2: a verb
Q3: What is encoded about a subject in verbs in Czech?
A3: information
Q4: What is a hard to pronounce and remember term meaning primarily auxiliary verbs and pronouns?
A4: Enclitics
Q5: Where must enclitics appear in a sentence?
A5: second syntactic slot
Adolescence (Natural sciences)

Because exposure to media has increased over the past decade, adolescents' utilization of computers, cell phones, stereos and televisions to gain access to various mediums of popular culture has also increased. Almost all American households have at least one television, more than three-quarters of all adolescents' homes have access to the Internet, and more than 90% of American adolescents use the Internet at least occasionally. As a result of the amount of time adolescents spend using these devices, their total media exposure is high. In the last decade, the amount of time that adolescents spend on the computer has greatly increased. Online activities with the highest rates of use among adolescents are video games (78% of adolescents), email (73%), instant messaging (68%), social networking sites (65%), news sources (63%), music (59%), and videos (57%).

Q1: What percentage of adolescent homes have access to the internet?
A1: more than three-quarters
Q2: What percentage of adolescents use the internet at least occasionally?
A2: 90%
Q3: In the last decade, has the amount oftime adolescents spend on the computer increased or dereased?
A3: greatly increased
Q4: What percentage of adolescents report using social networking sites?
A4: (65%)
Q5: What online activity has the largest number of reported adolescent particpation?
A5: video games
Data_compression (Engineering and technology)

Because interframe compression copies data from one frame to another, if the original frame is simply cut out (or lost in transmission), the following frames cannot be reconstructed properly. Some video formats, such as DV, compress each frame independently using intraframe compression. Making 'cuts' in intraframe-compressed video is almost as easy as editing uncompressed video: one finds the beginning and ending of each frame, and simply copies bit-for-bit each frame that one wants to keep, and discards the frames one doesn't want. Another difference between intraframe and interframe compression is that, with intraframe systems, each frame uses a similar amount of data. In most interframe systems, certain frames (such as "I frames" in MPEG-2) aren't allowed to copy data from other frames, so they require much more data than other frames nearby.

Q1: What copies data from one frame to another?
A1: interframe compression
Q2: What is a type of video format?
A2: DV
Q3: What is almost as easy as editing uncompressed video?
A3: Making 'cuts'
Infection (Natural sciences)

Because it is normal to have bacterial colonization, it is difficult to know which chronic wounds are infected. Despite the huge number of wounds seen in clinical practice, there are limited quality data for evaluated symptoms and signs. A review of chronic wounds in the Journal of the American Medical Association's "Rational Clinical Examination Series" quantified the importance of increased pain as an indicator of infection. The review showed that the most useful finding is an increase in the level of pain [likelihood ratio (LR) range, 11-20] makes infection much more likely, but the absence of pain (negative likelihood ratio range, 0.64-0.88) does not rule out infection (summary LR 0.64-0.88).

Q1: Why is it difficult to now which chronic wounds are infected?
A1: Because it is normal to have bacterial colonization
Q2: What is there limited quality data for evaluating despite the huge number of wounds seen in a clinical practice?
A2: symptoms and signs
Q3: What is increased pain an indicator of?
A3: infection
Q4: What does not rule out infection?
A4: absence of pain
Nanjing (Geography and places)

Because it was designated as the national capital, many structures were built around that time. Even today, some of them still remain which are open to tourists.

Q1: What was the designation of Nanjing?
A1: the national capital
Q2: What happened around the time that Nanjing was designated as the capital?
A2: many structures were built
Q3: Are any of the structures that were built at that time still around?
A3: some of them still remain
Q4: The structures that still remain are open to whom?
A4: tourists
Adolescence (Natural sciences)

Because most injuries sustained by adolescents are related to risky behavior (car crashes, alcohol, unprotected sex), a great deal of research has been done on the cognitive and emotional processes underlying adolescent risk-taking. In addressing this question, it is important to distinguish whether adolescents are more likely to engage in risky behaviors (prevalence), whether they make risk-related decisions similarly or differently than adults (cognitive processing perspective), or whether they use the same processes but value different things and thus arrive at different conclusions. The behavioral decision-making theory proposes that adolescents and adults both weigh the potential rewards and consequences of an action. However, research has shown that adolescents seem to give more weight to rewards, particularly social rewards, than do adults.

Q1: Most injuries sustained by adolescents are related to what?
A1: risky behavior
Q2: Do adolescents or adults seem to give more weight to rewards?
A2: adolescents
Q3: Do adolescents, adults, or both weight the potential rewards and consequences of an action?
A3: both
Q4: Which theory proposes that adults and adolescents both weigh the potential rewards and consequences of an action?
A4: behavioral decision-making theory
Korean_War (Warfare)

Because neither Korea had a significant navy, the Korean War featured few naval battles. A skirmish between North Korea and the UN Command occurred on 2 July 1950; the U.S. Navy cruiser USS Juneau, the Royal Navy cruiser HMS Jamaica, and the frigate HMS Black Swan fought four North Korean torpedo boats and two mortar gunboats, and sank them. USS Juneau later sank several ammunition ships that had been present. The last sea battle of the Korean War occurred at Inchon, days before the Battle of Incheon; the ROK ship PC-703 sank a North Korean mine layer in the Battle of Haeju Island, near Inchon. Three other supply ships were sunk by PC-703 two days later in the Yellow Sea. Thereafter, vessels from the UN nations held undisputed control of the sea about Korea. The gun ships were used in shore bombardment, while the aircraft carriers provided air support to the ground forces.

Q1: Why were naval skirmishes not really seen in the Korean War?
A1: neither Korea had a significant navy
Q2: Who pretty much gained and maintained control of the sea?
A2: the UN nations
Q3: Who dominated any battles that may have taken place at sea?
A3: the UN Command
Q4: Where was the last sea battle of the Korean War?
A4: Inchon