LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
East_Prussia (History)

After the disastrous defeat of the Prussian Army at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt in 1806, Napoleon occupied Berlin and had the officials of the Prussian General Directory swear an oath of allegiance to him, while King Frederick William III and his consort Louise fled via Königsberg and the Curonian Spit to Memel. The French troops immediately took up pursuit but were delayed in the Battle of Eylau on 9 February 1807 by an East Prussian contingent under General Anton Wilhelm von L'Estocq. Napoleon had to stay at the Finckenstein Palace, but in May, after a siege of 75 days, his troops led by Marshal François Joseph Lefebvre were able to capture the city Danzig, which had been tenaciously defended by General Count Friedrich Adolf von Kalkreuth. On 14 June, Napoleon ended the War of the Fourth Coalition with his victory at the Battle of Friedland. Frederick William and Queen Louise met with Napoleon for peace negotiations, and on 9 July the Prussian king signed the Treaty of Tilsit.

Q1: What defeat led to Prussia having to swear its allegiance to Napoleon?
A1: Battle of Jena-Auerstedt
Q2: What city did King Frederick William use to flee Prussia?
A2: Königsberg
Q3: What year did Napoleon end of the War of the Fourth Coalition?
A3: 1807
History_of_India (History)

After the downfall of the prior Gupta Empire in the middle of the 6th century, North India reverted to small republics and small monarchical states ruled by Gupta rulers. Harsha was a convert to Buddhism. He united the small republics from Punjab to central India, and their representatives crowned Harsha king at an assembly in April 606 giving him the title of Maharaja when he was merely 16 years old. Harsha belonged to Kanojia. He brought all of northern India under his control. The peace and prosperity that prevailed made his court a center of cosmopolitanism, attracting scholars, artists and religious visitors from far and wide. The Chinese traveler Xuan Zang visited the court of Harsha and wrote a very favorable account of him, praising his justice and generosity.

Q1: In which century did the Gupta Empire fall?
A1: middle of the 6th century
Q2: To what type of states did the former Gupta Empire revert?
A2: small
Q3: After uniting the area, what title was Harsha given?
A3: Maharaja
Q4: When was Harsha crowned by the states he united?
A4: April 606
Q5: To what religion had Harsha been converted?
A5: Buddhism
Modern_history (Philosophy and religion)

After the early 20th century revolutions, shifting alliances of China's regional warlords waged war for control of the Beijing government. Despite the fact that various warlords gained control of the government in Beijing during the warlord era, this did not constitute a new era of control or governance, because other warlords did not acknowledge the transitory governments in this period and were a law unto themselves. These military-dominated governments were collectively known as the Beiyang government. The warlord era ended around 1927.

Q1: What happened to China after the 20th century revolutions?
A1: shifting alliances of China's regional warlords waged war for control of the Beijing government.
Q2: Who ultimately gained control of the Beijing government?
A2: various warlords
Q3: Why was there not a new era of governance in Beijing? 
A3: because other warlords did not acknowledge the transitory governments in this period and were a law unto themselves.
Q4: What were the military dominated governments known as?
A4: the Beiyang government
Q5: When did the warlord era end?
A5: around 1927
Montevideo (Geography and places)

After the end of hostilities, a period of growth and expansion started for the city. In 1853 a stagecoach bus line was established joining Montevideo with the newly formed settlement of Unión and the first natural gas street lights were inaugurated.[citation needed] From 1854 to 1861 the first public sanitation facilities were constructed. In 1856 the Teatro Solís was inaugurated, 15 years after the beginning of its construction. By Decree, on December 1861 the areas of Aguada and Cordón were incorporated to the growing Ciudad Nueva (New City). In 1866, an underwater telegraph line connected the city with Buenos Aires. The statue of Peace, La Paz, was erected on a column in Plaza Cagancha and the building of the Postal Service as well as the bridge of Paso Molino were inaugurated in 1867.

Q1: What year was a stagecoach bus line established in Montevideo?
A1: 1853
Q2: Between what years were the first natural gas street lights constructed?
A2: 1854 to 1861
Q3: What year was the Teatro Solis inaugurated? 
A3: 1856
Q4: What year was an underwater telegraph line made that connected Montevideo with Buenos Aires?
A4: 1866
Late_Middle_Ages (History)

After the end of the late Middle Ages period, the Renaissance would spread unevenly over continental Europe from the southern European region. The intellectual transformation of the Renaissance is viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era. Europeans would later begin an era of world discovery. Combined with the influx of classical ideas was the invention of printing which facilitated dissemination of the printed word and democratized learning. These two things would lead to the Protestant Reformation. Europeans also discovered new trading routes, as was the case with Columbus’s travel to the Americas in 1492, and Vasco da Gama’s circumnavigation of Africa and India in 1498. Their discoveries strengthened the economy and power of European nations.

Q1: Along with the invention of printing, and the associated dissemination of the printed word, what other factor is believed to have led to the Protestant Reformation?
A1: democratized learning
Q2: Which continents did Vasco da Gama circumnavigate in 1498?
A2: Africa and India
Q3: What effect did the discoveries of Columbus and da Gama have on European nations?
A3: strengthened the economy and power
Q4: What historical era is viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern Era?
A4: the Renaissance
Q5: What was discovered as the result of both Columbus' and da Gama's voyages?
A5: new trading routes
Southampton (Geography and places)

After the establishment of Hampshire County Council, following the act in 1888, Southampton became a county borough within the county of Hampshire, which meant that it had many features of a county, but governance was now shared between the Corporation in Southampton and the new county council. There is a great source of confusion in the fact that the ancient shire county, along with its associated assizes, was known as the County of Southampton or Southamptonshire. This was officially changed to Hampshire in 1959 although the county had been commonly known as Hampshire or Hantscire for centuries. Southampton became a non-metropolitan district in 1974.

Q1: In what year did an act establish the Hampshire County Council?
A1: 1888
Q2: What organization did the new county council share governance of Southampton with?
A2: the Corporation in Southampton
Q3: What year was the county of Hampshire officially named?
A3: 1959
Q4: Even before it was official, Hampshire was often called Hampshire or what ancient variation of the name?
A4: Hantscire
Q5: What designation was Southampton given in 1974?
A5: non-metropolitan district
East_Prussia (History)

After the expulsion of the German population ethnic Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians were settled in the northern part. In the Soviet part of the region, a policy of eliminating all remnants of German history was pursued. All German place names were replaced by new Russian names. The exclave was a military zone, which was closed to foreigners; Soviet citizens could only enter with special permission. In 1967 the remnants of Königsberg Castle were demolished on the orders of Leonid Brezhnev to make way for a new "House of the Soviets".

Q1: Once the German populations was removed, what three groups  settled into the nothern area?
A1: ethnic Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians
Q2: In the Soviet section to the north, what did they want to expel from their land?
A2: eliminating all remnants of German history
Q3: What else happened in the northern part of East Prussia in the now Russian area?
A3: names were replaced by new Russian names
Late_Middle_Ages (History)

After the failed union of Sweden and Norway of 1319–1365, the pan-Scandinavian Kalmar Union was instituted in 1397. The Swedes were reluctant members of the Danish-dominated union from the start. In an attempt to subdue the Swedes, King Christian II of Denmark had large numbers of the Swedish aristocracy killed in the Stockholm Bloodbath of 1520. Yet this measure only led to further hostilities, and Sweden broke away for good in 1523. Norway, on the other hand, became an inferior party of the union and remained united with Denmark until 1814.

Q1: When was the Kalmar Union formed?
A1: 1397
Q2: Which Danish King was responsible for the Stockholm Bloodbath?
A2: King Christian II
Q3: In what year did Sweden break away from the Kalmar Union?
A3: 1523
Q4: Denmark and Norway remained in the Kalmar Union until what year?
A4: 1814
Q5: In what year did the Stockholm Bloodbath take place?
A5: 1520
Napoleon (History)

After the fall of Napoleon, not only was Napoleonic Code retained by conquered countries including the Netherlands, Belgium, parts of Italy and Germany, but has been used as the basis of certain parts of law outside Europe including the Dominican Republic, the US state of Louisiana and the Canadian province of Quebec. The memory of Napoleon in Poland is favorable, for his support for independence and opposition to Russia, his legal code, the abolition of serfdom, and the introduction of modern middle class bureaucracies.

Q1: After the fall of Napoleon, many countries retained what system of law?
A1: Napoleonic Code
Q2: Outside Europe, Napoleonic Code has been used as the basis for certain parts of what?
A2: law
Q3: How can the memory of Napoleon in Poland be characterized as?
A3: favorable
Q4: Poland views Napoleon in a positive light partially based on his opposition to what country?
A4: Russia
Q5: One reason Poland views Napoleon favorably is due to his abolition of what form of indentured servitude?
A5: serfdom
Alps (Geography and places)

After the fall of Napoléon, many alpine countries developed heavy protections to prevent any new invasion. Thus, Savoy built a series of fortifications in the Maurienne valley in order to protect the major alpine passes, such as the col du Mont-Cenis that was even crossed by, Charlemagne and his father to defeat the Lombarts. The later indeed became very popular after the construction of a paved road ordered by Napoléon Bonaparte. The Barrière de l'Esseillon is a serie of forts with heavy batteries, built on a cliff with a perfect view on the valley, a gorge on one side and steep mountains on the other side.

Q1: When did many alpine countries develop heavy protection to prevent new invasion?
A1: After the fall of Napoléon
Q2: Who built a series of fortifications in the Maurienne valley?
A2: Savoy
Q3: Why were a series of fortifications in the Maurienne valley built?
A3: to protect the major alpine passes
Q4: Who ordered the construction of a paved road?
A4: Napoléon Bonaparte
Portugal (Geography and places)

After the financial crisis of 2007–08, it was known in 2008–2009 that two Portuguese banks (Banco Português de Negócios (BPN) and Banco Privado Português (BPP)) had been accumulating losses for years due to bad investments, embezzlement and accounting fraud. The case of BPN was particularly serious because of its size, market share, and the political implications - Portugal's then current President, Cavaco Silva, and some of his political allies, maintained personal and business relationships with the bank and its CEO, who was eventually charged and arrested for fraud and other crimes. In the grounds of avoiding a potentially serious financial crisis in the Portuguese economy, the Portuguese government decided to give them a bailout, eventually at a future loss to taxpayers and to the Portuguese people in general.

Q1: In what two years was there a financial crisis?
A1: 2007–08
Q2: Which two Portuguese banks had been accumulating losses for years?
A2: Banco Português de Negócios (BPN) and Banco Privado Português (BPP)
Q3: What caused BPN and BPP to accumulate losses?
A3: bad investments, embezzlement and accounting fraud
Q4: Why was the case of BPN more serious?
A4: its size, market share, and the political implications
Q5: On what charge was BPN's CEO arrested?
A5: fraud
Korean_War (Warfare)

After the first two months of the conflict, South Korean forces were on the point of defeat, forced back to the Pusan Perimeter. In September 1950, an amphibious UN counter-offensive was launched at Inchon, and cut off many of the North Korean attackers. Those that escaped envelopment and capture were rapidly forced back north all the way to the border with China at the Yalu River, or into the mountainous interior. At this point, in October 1950, Chinese forces crossed the Yalu and entered the war. Chinese intervention triggered a retreat of UN forces which continued until mid-1951. After these dramatic reversals of fortune, which saw Seoul change hands four times, the last two years of conflict became a war of attrition, with the front line close to the 38th parallel. The war in the air, however, was never a stalemate. North Korea was subject to a massive bombing campaign. Jet fighters confronted each other in air-to-air combat for the first time in history, and Soviet pilots covertly flew in defense of their Communist allies.

Q1: At the beginning of the conflict, where were South Korean forces pushed back to?
A1: Pusan Perimeter
Q2: In 1950, what country got involved in the war?
A2: China
Q3: How many times did the control of Seoul change?
A3: four
Q4: On land, where was the last two years of the war fought?
A4: close to the 38th parallel
Q5: What type of combat was seen for the first time in the history of war?
A5: air-to-air combat
Tennessee (Geography and places)

After the formal end of Reconstruction, the struggle over power in Southern society continued. Through violence and intimidation against freedmen and their allies, White Democrats regained political power in Tennessee and other states across the South in the late 1870s and 1880s. Over the next decade, the state legislature passed increasingly restrictive laws to control African Americans. In 1889 the General Assembly passed four laws described as electoral reform, with the cumulative effect of essentially disfranchising most African Americans in rural areas and small towns, as well as many poor Whites. Legislation included implementation of a poll tax, timing of registration, and recording requirements. Tens of thousands of taxpaying citizens were without representation for decades into the 20th century. Disfranchising legislation accompanied Jim Crow laws passed in the late 19th century, which imposed segregation in the state. In 1900, African Americans made up nearly 24% of the state's population, and numbered 480,430 citizens who lived mostly in the central and western parts of the state.

Q1: Who were targeted by restrictive laws passed in Southern states at the end of the 19th century?
A1: African Americans
Q2: In which year did the Tennessee General Assembly pass electoral reform laws that disenfranchised most African Americans in the state?
A2: 1889
Q3: Who besides African Americans were victims of Tennessee's late-19th century electoral reform?
A3: poor Whites
Q4: What is the name for laws dating from the late-19th century which promoted segregation?
A4: Jim Crow laws
Q5: Approximately how many African Americans lived in Tennessee in 1900?
A5: 480,430
Korean_War (Warfare)

After the formation of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the Chinese government named the Western nations, led by the United States, as the biggest threat to its national security. Basing this judgment on China's century of humiliation beginning in the early 19th century, American support for the Nationalists during the Chinese Civil War, and the ideological struggles between revolutionaries and reactionaries, the Chinese leadership believed that China would become a critical battleground in the United States' crusade against Communism. As a countermeasure and to elevate China's standing among the worldwide Communist movements, the Chinese leadership adopted a foreign policy that actively promoted Communist revolutions throughout territories on China's periphery.

Q1: What country did China see as a threat to the People's Republic of China?
A1: Western nations
Q2: Where was it believed that that fight against Communism would take place?
A2: China
Q3: To show their strength in the international Communist movement, what did China do?
A3: promoted Communist revolutions
Q4: Who did America support during the Chinese Civil War?
A4: the Nationalists
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects (Art and architecture)

After the grant of the royal charter it had become known as the Royal Institute of British Architects in London, eventually dropping the reference to London in 1892. In 1934, it moved to its current headquarters on Portland Place, with the building being opened by King George V and Queen Mary.

Q1: What caused the change of the Institute's name?
A1: the grant of the royal charter
Q2: What was removed from the Royal Institute's name?
A2: the reference to London
Q3: When was the mention of London removed from the Royal Institute's name?
A3: 1892
Q4: Where is the Royal Institute of British Architects located?
A4: Portland Place
Q5: Who opened the structure in which the Royal Institute is currently housed?
A5: King George V and Queen Mary
Military_history_of_the_United_States (History)

After the lengthy Iraq disarmament crisis culminated with an American demand that Iraqi President Saddam Hussein leave Iraq, which was refused, a coalition led by the United States and the United Kingdom fought the Iraqi army in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Approximately 250,000 United States troops, with support from 45,000 British, 2,000 Australian and 200 Polish combat forces, entered Iraq primarily through their staging area in Kuwait. (Turkey had refused to permit its territory to be used for an invasion from the north.) Coalition forces also supported Iraqi Kurdish militia, estimated to number upwards of 50,000. After approximately three weeks of fighting, Hussein and the Ba'ath Party were forcibly removed, followed by 9 years of military presence by the United States and the coalition fighting alongside the newly elected Iraqi government against various insurgent groups.

Q1: What demand did the US make before invading Iraq in 2003?
A1: that Iraqi President Saddam Hussein leave Iraq
Q2: How many US troops participated in the invasion?
A2: 250,000
Q3: What country refused to allow forces to stage within it?
A3: Turkey
Q4: How long did the first phase of fighting last?
A4: approximately three weeks
Q5: How long did the US and its coalition partners have to occupy Iraq?
A5: 9 years
On_the_Origin_of_Species (Natural sciences)

After the meeting, Darwin decided to write "an abstract of my whole work". He started work on 20 July 1858, while on holiday at Sandown, and wrote parts of it from memory. Lyell discussed arrangements with publisher John Murray III, of the publishing house John Murray, who responded immediately to Darwin's letter of 31 March 1859 with an agreement to publish the book without even seeing the manuscript, and an offer to Darwin of 2⁄3 of the profits. (eventually Murray paid £180 to Darwin for the 1st edition and by Darwin's death in 1882 the book was in its 6th edition, earning Darwin nearly £3000.)

Q1: What did Darwin decide to write in July, 1858?
A1: "an abstract of my whole work".
Q2: Which publisher did Lyell convince to arrange publication of Darwin's work?
A2: John Murray III
Q3: What did the publisher offer Darwin in payment for the book?
A3: 2⁄3 of the profits
Q4: What edition was the book in by the time of Darwin's death?
A4: 6th edition
Q5: How much had the book earned Darwin by the time he died?
A5: nearly £3000
Treaty (Language and literature)

After the preamble comes numbered articles, which contain the substance of the parties' actual agreement. Each article heading usually encompasses a paragraph. A long treaty may further group articles under chapter headings.

Q1: What follows the preamble in a treaty?
A1: numbered articles
Q2: What is contained in the numbered articles of a treaty?
A2: the substance of the parties' actual agreement
Q3: What does each article heading usually encompass?
A3: a paragraph
Q4: How might the articles in a long treaty be grouped?
A4: under chapter headings
Q5: The numbered articles of a treaty may be grouped by chapter heading in what kind of treaty?
A5: A long treaty
Galicia_(Spain) (Geography and places)

After the rupture of the wars with Portugal and Catalonia, the Junta changed its attitude, this time due to the exhaustion of Galicia, now involved not just in naval or oversea operations, but also in an exhausting war with the Portuguese, war which produced thousands of casualties and refugees and was heavily disturbing to the local economy and commerce. So, in the second half of the 17th century the Junta frequently denied or considerably reduced the initial petitions of the monarch, and though the tension didn't rise to the levels experienced in Portugal or Catalonia, there were frequent urban mutinies and some voices even asked for the secession of the Kingdom of Galicia.

Q1: War broke out with which other countries?
A1: Portugal and Catalonia
Q2: When did the Galician Junta more often stand up to requests from the monarch?
A2: second half of the 17th century
Q3: In what way was the tension between the monarch and Galicia similar to the wars it was fighting?
A3: there were frequent urban mutinies
Arnold_Schwarzenegger (Media and drama)

After the scandal, actress Brigitte Nielsen came forward and stated that she too had an affair with Schwarzenegger while he was in a relationship with Shriver, saying, "Maybe I wouldn't have got into it if he said 'I'm going to marry Maria' and this is dead serious, but he didn't, and our affair carried on." When asked in 2014 "Of all the things you are famous for … which are you least proud of?", Schwarzenegger replied "I'm least proud of the mistakes I made that caused my family pain and split us up".

Q1: What actress claimed she also carried on an affair with Schwarzenegger while he was with Shriver?
A1: Brigitte Nielsen