LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Bird (Natural sciences)

Most birds scoop water in their beaks and raise their head to let water run down the throat. Some species, especially of arid zones, belonging to the pigeon, finch, mousebird, button-quail and bustard families are capable of sucking up water without the need to tilt back their heads. Some desert birds depend on water sources and sandgrouse are particularly well known for their daily congregations at waterholes. Nesting sandgrouse and many plovers carry water to their young by wetting their belly feathers. Some birds carry water for chicks at the nest in their crop or regurgitate it along with food. The pigeon family, flamingos and penguins have adaptations to produce a nutritive fluid called crop milk that they provide to their chicks.

Q1: How do nesting sandgrouse carry water to their young?
A1: wetting their belly feathers
Q2: What is one family of birds have adaptations to produce a nutritive fluid to their chicks?
A2: The pigeon family
Q3: What is a nutritive fluid that some birds provide to their chicks?
A3: crop milk
Q4: What is crop milk?
A4: a nutritive fluid
Dog (Natural sciences)

Most breeds of dog are at most a few hundred years old, having been artificially selected for particular morphologies and behaviors by people for specific functional roles. Through this selective breeding, the dog has developed into hundreds of varied breeds, and shows more behavioral and morphological variation than any other land mammal. For example, height measured to the withers ranges from 15.2 centimetres (6.0 in) in the Chihuahua to about 76 cm (30 in) in the Irish Wolfhound; color varies from white through grays (usually called "blue") to black, and browns from light (tan) to dark ("red" or "chocolate") in a wide variation of patterns; coats can be short or long, coarse-haired to wool-like, straight, curly, or smooth. It is common for most breeds to shed this coat.

Q1: The majority of dog breeds have only been around for how long?
A1: a few hundred years
Q2: People selected dogs they wanted based on what two things?
A2: particular morphologies and behaviors
Q3: Hundreds of different dog breeds exist because of what?
A3: selective breeding
Q4: Height measurements in dogs go from six inches for Chihuahuas to 30 inches in what breed?
A4: Irish Wolfhound
Q5: How old are most dog breeds?
A5: a few hundred years old
Q6: How many different breeds are there?
A6: hundreds
Q7: Gray color is often called what when referring to dogs?
A7: blue
Web_browser (Engineering and technology)

Most browsers support HTTP Secure and offer quick and easy ways to delete the web cache, download history, form and search history, cookies, and browsing history. For a comparison of the current security vulnerabilities of browsers, see comparison of web browsers.

Q1: HTTP Secure is supported by what?
A1: Most browsers
Q2: Cache, download history, cookies, browsing and what else can be quickly deleted in browsers?
A2: form and search history
Q3: A comparison of browser must be seen to know what?
A3: current security vulnerabilities
Capacitor (Engineering and technology)

Most capacitors have numbers printed on their bodies to indicate their electrical characteristics. Larger capacitors like electrolytics usually display the actual capacitance together with the unit (for example, 220 μF). Smaller capacitors like ceramics, however, use a shorthand consisting of three numeric digits and a letter, where the digits indicate the capacitance in pF (calculated as XY × 10Z for digits XYZ) and the letter indicates the tolerance (J, K or M for ±5%, ±10% and ±20% respectively).

Q1: How do larger capacitors present their electrical characteristics?
A1: display the actual capacitance together with the unit (for example, 220 μF)
Q2: What does the abbreviated electrical characteristics of smaller capacitors consist of?
A2: three numeric digits and a letter
Q3: What part of the electrical characteristics of smaller capacitors do the digits of the abbreviated notation represent ?
A3: the digits indicate the capacitance
Q4: What does the letter of the abbreviated notation for the electrical characteristics of smaller capacitors represent?
A4: the letter indicates the tolerance
Q5: In what SI unit is the capacitance reported on smaller capacitors?
A5: in pF
Law_of_the_United_States (Social sciences and society)

Most cases are litigated in state courts and involve claims and defenses under state laws. In a 2012 report, the National Center for State Courts' Court Statistics Project found that state trial courts received 103.5 million newly filed cases in 2010, which consisted of 56.3 million traffic cases, 20.4 million criminal cases, 19.0 million civil cases, 5.9 million domestic relations cases, and 1.9 million juvenile cases. In 2010, state appellate courts received 272,795 new cases. By way of comparison, all federal district courts in 2010 together received only about 282,000 new civil cases, 77,000 new criminal cases, and 1.5 million bankruptcy cases, while federal appellate courts received 56,000 new cases.

Q1: Where are cases usually argued?
A1: state courts
Q2: What types of cases are argued in the state courts?
A2: involve claims and defenses under state laws
Q3: How many new cases were filed in 2010?
A3: 103.5 million
Q4: How many cases did appellate courts receice in 2010?
A4: 272,795
Q5: What types of cases did federal district courts receive in 2010?
A5: 282,000 new civil cases, 77,000 new criminal cases, and 1.5 million bankruptcy cases
Neolithic (History)

Most clothing appears to have been made of animal skins, as indicated by finds of large numbers of bone and antler pins which are ideal for fastening leather. Wool cloth and linen might have become available during the later Neolithic, as suggested by finds of perforated stones which (depending on size) may have served as spindle whorls or loom weights. The clothing worn in the Neolithic Age might be similar to that worn by Ötzi the Iceman, although he was not Neolithic (since he belonged to the later Copper age).

Q1: What did early humans use to make clothing?
A1: animal skins
Q2: What evidence suggested that humans used animal products for clothing?
A2: finds of large numbers of bone and antler pins
Q3: What were perforated stones used for?
A3: spindle whorls or loom weights
Q4: What famous figure of the Copper Age wore clothes similar to the Neolithic Era?
A4: Ötzi the Iceman
Paper (Natural sciences)

Most commercial paper sold in North America is cut to standard paper sizes based on customary units and is defined by the length and width of a sheet of paper.

Q1: Commercial paper is commonly defined by what?
A1: length and width
Q2: Most commercial paper in North America is cut in what manner?
A2: standard paper sizes
Q3: Standard paper sizes are usually described with what terms?
A3: length and width
Samurai (Language and literature)

Most common are historical works where the protagonist is either a samurai or former samurai (or another rank or position) who possesses considerable martial skill. Eiji Yoshikawa is one of the most famous Japanese historical novelists. His retellings of popular works, including Taiko, Musashi and Heike Tale, are popular among readers for their epic narratives and rich realism in depicting samurai and warrior culture.[citation needed] The samurai have also appeared frequently in Japanese comics (manga) and animation (anime). Samurai-like characters are not just restricted to historical settings and a number of works set in the modern age, and even the future, include characters who live, train and fight like samurai. Examples are Samurai Champloo, Requiem from the Darkness, Muramasa: The Demon Blade, and Afro Samurai. Some of these works have made their way to the west, where it has been increasing in popularity with America.

Q1: Who is Eiji Yoshikawa?
A1: one of the most famous Japanese historical novelists
Q2: Why are Eiji Yoshikawa's books popular?
A2: for their epic narratives and rich realism in depicting samurai and warrior culture
Q3: What are Japanese comic books called?
A3: manga
Q4: What are Japanese animation called?
A4: anime
Glass (Art and architecture)

Most common glass contains other ingredients to change its properties. Lead glass or flint glass is more 'brilliant' because the increased refractive index causes noticeably more specular reflection and increased optical dispersion. Adding barium also increases the refractive index. Thorium oxide gives glass a high refractive index and low dispersion and was formerly used in producing high-quality lenses, but due to its radioactivity has been replaced by lanthanum oxide in modern eyeglasses.[citation needed] Iron can be incorporated into glass to absorb infrared energy, for example in heat absorbing filters for movie projectors, while cerium(IV) oxide can be used for glass that absorbs UV wavelengths.

Q1: What element is used in glass to keep it from becoming too hot?
A1: Iron
Q2: How does barium affect glass?
A2: increases the refractive index
Q3: What property of thorium oxide has caused it to no longer be used in eyeglasses?
A3: radioactivity
Q4: What is another name for lead glass?
A4: flint glass
Q5: What is the benefit of thorium oxide in addition to its refractive index?
A5: low dispersion
Copper (History)

Most copper is mined or extracted as copper sulfides from large open pit mines in porphyry copper deposits that contain 0.4 to 1.0% copper. Examples include Chuquicamata in Chile, Bingham Canyon Mine in Utah, United States and El Chino Mine in New Mexico, United States. According to the British Geological Survey, in 2005, Chile was the top mine producer of copper with at least one-third world share followed by the United States, Indonesia and Peru. Copper can also be recovered through the in-situ leach process. Several sites in the state of Arizona are considered prime candidates for this method. The amount of copper in use is increasing and the quantity available is barely sufficient to allow all countries to reach developed world levels of usage.

Q1: In what form is copper extracted?
A1: copper sulfides
Q2: From what types of mines is copper extracted?
A2: open pit mines
Q3: What percentage of copper do the deposits have that are extracted?
A3: 0.4 to 1.0% copper
Q4: What country was the top producer of copper in 2005?
A4: Chile
Q5: What is the name of the process being considered in Arizona that allows copper to be recovered?
A5: in-situ leach process
Cotton (Natural sciences)

Most cotton in the United States, Europe and Australia is harvested mechanically, either by a cotton picker, a machine that removes the cotton from the boll without damaging the cotton plant, or by a cotton stripper, which strips the entire boll off the plant. Cotton strippers are used in regions where it is too windy to grow picker varieties of cotton, and usually after application of a chemical defoliant or the natural defoliation that occurs after a freeze. Cotton is a perennial crop in the tropics, and without defoliation or freezing, the plant will continue to grow.

Q1: How is most cotton harvested?
A1: mechanically
Q2: What is the cotton harvesting machine that removes the boll with damaging the plant?
A2: cotton picker
Q3: What machine strips off the entire head of the cotton plant?
A3: cotton stripper
Q4: What weather conditions mandate the planting of stripper types of cotton?
A4: windy
Q5: What type of plant is cotton?
A5: perennial
Sexual_orientation (Natural sciences)

Most definitions of sexual orientation include a psychological component, such as the direction of an individual's erotic desires, or a behavioral component, which focuses on the sex of the individual's sexual partner/s. Some people prefer simply to follow an individual's self-definition or identity. Scientific and professional understanding is that "the core attractions that form the basis for adult sexual orientation typically emerge between middle childhood and early adolescence". Sexual orientation differs from sexual identity in that it encompasses relationships with others, while sexual identity is a concept of self.

Q1: What do the majority of defintions surronding sexual orientation include?
A1: psychological component, such as the direction of an individual's erotic desires, or a behavioral component
Q2: What does a behaviorial component focus on when defining sexual orientation?
A2: focuses on the sex of the individual's sexual partner/s.
Q3: What do other people use to determine a persons sexual idenity?
A3: an individual's self-definition
Q4: When do scientists and professions agree that sexual orientation shows in a person?
A4: typically emerge between middle childhood and early adolescence
Q5: What is the difference between sexual idenity and sexual orientation?
A5: sexual identity in that it encompasses relationships with others, while sexual identity is a concept of self.
ASCII (Engineering and technology)

Most early home computer systems developed their own 8-bit character sets containing line-drawing and game glyphs, and often filled in some or all of the control characters from 0–31 with more graphics. Kaypro CP/M computers used the "upper" 128 characters for the Greek alphabet. The IBM PC defined code page 437, which replaced the control-characters with graphic symbols such as smiley faces, and mapped additional graphic characters to the upper 128 positions. Operating systems such as DOS supported these code pages, and manufacturers of IBM PCs supported them in hardware. Digital Equipment Corporation developed the Multinational Character Set (DEC-MCS) for use in the popular VT220 terminal as one of the first extensions designed more for international languages than for block graphics. The Macintosh defined Mac OS Roman and Postscript also defined a set, both of these contained both international letters and typographic punctuation marks instead of graphics, more like modern character sets.

Q1: What did most early home computers develop?
A1: their own 8-bit character sets
Q2: What did Kaypro CP/M computers use?
A2: the "upper" 128 characters for the Greek alphabet
Q3: What did IBM PC replace the control-characters with?
A3: graphic symbols such as smiley faces
Q4: What did Digital Equipment Corporation develop?
A4: Multinational Character Set (DEC-MCS)
Q5: What did Macintosh use instead of graphics? 
A5: typographic punctuation marks
Railway_electrification_system (Engineering and technology)

Most electrification systems use overhead wires, but third rail is an option up to about 1,200 V. Third rail systems exclusively use DC distribution. The use of AC is not feasible because the dimensions of a third rail are physically very large compared with the skin depth that the alternating current penetrates to (0.3 millimetres or 0.012 inches) in a steel rail). This effect makes the resistance per unit length unacceptably high compared with the use of DC. Third rail is more compact than overhead wires and can be used in smaller-diameter tunnels, an important factor for subway systems.

Q1: What type is mostly used third rail or overhead wires?
A1: overhead wires
Q2: Is trird rail system being used exclusively with AC or DC ?
A2: DC distribution
Q3: What depth does the alternating current penetrate in a steel rail?
A3: skin depth
Q4: What is physically more compact tird rail or overhead wires?
A4: Third rail
Q5: What is more prefferable for subway lines?
A5: Third rail
Elevator (History)

Most elevators have a location in which the permit for the building owner to operate the elevator is displayed. While some jurisdictions require the permit to be displayed in the elevator cab, other jurisdictions allow for the operating permit to be kept on file elsewhere – such as the maintenance office – and to be made available for inspection on demand. In such cases instead of the permit being displayed in the elevator cab, often a notice is posted in its place informing riders of where the actual permits are kept.

Q1: Whose name is on the permit required for operation of an elevator? 
A1: the building owner
Q2: Do all jurisdictions require the permit to be displayed in the elevator?
A2: some jurisdictions require the permit to be displayed in the elevator cab, other jurisdictions allow for the operating permit to be kept on file elsewhere
Q3: Aside from the elevator, where else might a permit be displayed?
A3: the maintenance office
Q4: What type of notice can be displayed in the elevator in lieu of the permit?
A4: a notice is posted in its place informing riders of where the actual permits are kept.
Nutrition (Agriculture, food, and drink)

Most fatty acids are non-essential, meaning the body can produce them as needed, generally from other fatty acids and always by expending energy to do so. However, in humans, at least two fatty acids are essential and must be included in the diet. An appropriate balance of essential fatty acids—omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids—seems also important for health, although definitive experimental demonstration has been elusive. Both of these "omega" long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are substrates for a class of eicosanoids known as prostaglandins, which have roles throughout the human body. They are hormones, in some respects. The omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which can be made in the human body from the omega-3 essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), or taken in through marine food sources, serves as a building block for series 3 prostaglandins (e.g., weakly inflammatory PGE3). The omega-6 dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) serves as a building block for series 1 prostaglandins (e.g. anti-inflammatory PGE1), whereas arachidonic acid (AA) serves as a building block for series 2 prostaglandins (e.g. pro-inflammatory PGE 2). Both DGLA and AA can be made from the omega-6 linoleic acid (LA) in the human body, or can be taken in directly through food. An appropriately balanced intake of omega-3 and omega-6 partly determines the relative production of different prostaglandins, which is one reason why a balance between omega-3 and omega-6 is believed important for cardiovascular health. In industrialized societies, people typically consume large amounts of processed vegetable oils, which have reduced amounts of the essential fatty acids along with too much of omega-6 fatty acids relative to omega-3 fatty acids.

Q1: What does it mean when it is claimed that many fatty acids are non - essential?
A1: the body can produce them as needed
Q2: At least how many fatty acids are essential to the human health and have to be consumed rather than produced by the body?
A2: two
Q3: What does EPA stand for?
A3: eicosapentaenoic acid
Q4: Outside of consumption, what would be broken down in the body to obtain DGLA and AA?
A4: omega-6 linoleic acid
Q5: What do people consume that has low amounts of the necessary essential fatty acids?
A5: processed vegetable oils
Turner_Classic_Movies (History)

Most feature movies shown during the prime time and early overnight hours (8:00 p.m. to 2:30 a.m. Eastern Time) are presented by film historian Robert Osborne (who has been with the network since its 1994 launch, except for a five-month medical leave from July to December 2011, when guest hosts presented each night's films) on Sunday through Wednesday evenings – with Osborne only presenting primetime films on weekends – and Ben Mankiewicz presenting only late evening films on Thursdays, and the "Silent Sunday Nights" and "TCM Imports" blocks on Sundays.

Q1: What is the time period covered by prime time and the early overnight?
A1: 8:00 p.m. to 2:30 a.m. Eastern Time
Q2: Who presents films on TCM on Wednesday nights?
A2: Robert Osborne
Q3: What is Robert Osborne by profession?
A3: film historian
Q4: Why did Robert Osborne stop presenting films on TCM for several months?
A4: medical leave
Q5: Who presents Silent Sunday Nights?
A5: Ben Mankiewicz
Alaska (Geography and places)

Most food in Alaska is transported into the state from "Outside", and shipping costs make food in the cities relatively expensive. In rural areas, subsistence hunting and gathering is an essential activity because imported food is prohibitively expensive. Though most small towns and villages in Alaska lie along the coastline, the cost of importing food to remote villages can be high, because of the terrain and difficult road conditions, which change dramatically, due to varying climate and precipitation changes. The cost of transport can reach as high as 50¢ per pound ($1.10/kg) or more in some remote areas, during the most difficult times, if these locations can be reached at all during such inclement weather and terrain conditions. The cost of delivering a 1 US gallon (3.8 L) of milk is about $3.50 in many villages where per capita income can be $20,000 or less. Fuel cost per gallon is routinely 20–30¢ higher than the continental United States average, with only Hawaii having higher prices.

Q1: What causes food in Alaskan cities to be relatively expensive?
A1: shipping costs
Q2: How high can the cost of transport be in some remote areas?
A2: 50¢ per pound ($1.10/kg)
Q3: Which state in the US is the only to have higher fuel prices than Alaska?
A3: Hawaii
Q4: How much does it cost to transport a gallon of milk in some rural areas of Alaska?
A4: $3.50
British_Empire (History)

Most former British colonies and protectorates are among the 53 member states of the Commonwealth of Nations, a non-political, voluntary association of equal members, comprising a population of around 2.2 billion people. Sixteen Commonwealth realms voluntarily continue to share the British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, as their head of state. These sixteen nations are distinct and equal legal entities – the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Grenada, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Solomon Islands and Tuvalu.

Q1: How many Commonwealth nations are there?
A1: 53
Q2: What is the population of the Commonwealth?
A2: 2.2 billion
Q3: How many Commonwealth nations still consider the British Queen their head of state?
A3: Sixteen
Q4: Who is the British Queen?
A4: Elizabeth II
Immunology (Natural sciences)

Most graduate immunology schools follow the AAI courses immunology which are offered throughout numerous schools in the United States. For example, in New York State, there are several universities that offer the AAI courses immunology: Albany Medical College, Cornell University, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York University Langone Medical Center, University at Albany (SUNY), University at Buffalo (SUNY), University of Rochester Medical Center and Upstate Medical University (SUNY). The AAI immunology courses include an Introductory Course and an Advance Course. The Introductory Course is a course that gives students an overview of the basics of immunology.

Q1: Most graduate schools specializing in immunology follow what organization's parameters?
A1: AAI courses
Q2: What is the name of the immunology school at Mount Sinai?
A2: Icahn School of Medicine
Q3: AAI immunology courses include what two components?
A3: Introductory Course and an Advance Course
Q4: What does the introductory AAI immunology course do?
A4: gives students an overview of the basics of immunology
Q5: The Langone Medical Center is part of what college?
A5: New York University