LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Edmund_Burke (History)

Although Whig grandees such as Portland and Fitzwilliam privately agreed with Burke's Appeal, they wished he had used more moderate language. Fitzwilliam saw the Appeal as containing "the doctrines I have sworn by, long and long since". Francis Basset, a backbench Whig MP, wrote to Burke: "...though for reasons which I will not now detail I did not then deliver my sentiments, I most perfectly differ from Mr. Fox & from the great Body of opposition on the French Revolution". Burke sent a copy of the Appeal to the king and the king requested a friend to communicate to Burke that he had read it "with great Satisfaction". Burke wrote of its reception: "Not one word from one of our party. They are secretly galled. They agree with me to a title; but they dare not speak out for fear of hurting Fox. ... They leave me to myself; they see that I can do myself justice". Charles Burney viewed it as "a most admirable book—the best & most useful on political subjects that I have ever seen" but believed the differences in the Whig Party between Burke and Fox should not be aired publicly.

Q1: Who thought Burke should have written in a more moderate tone?
A1: Portland and Fitzwilliam
Q2: Who said he 'perfectly differed from Mr. Fox'?
A2: Francis Basset
Q3: What was Francis Basset's political party?
A3: Whig
Q4: How did Burke think the Whigs secretly felt?
A4: galled
Q5: Who thought Burke and Fox shouldn't have made their argument public?
A5: Charles Burney
Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey (Geography and places)

Although Wynn's plans for development in the city were scrapped in 2002, the tunnel opened in 2001. The new roadway prompted Boyd Gaming in partnership with MGM/Mirage to build Atlantic City's newest casino. The Borgata opened in July 2003, and its success brought an influx of developers to Atlantic City with plans for building grand Las Vegas style mega casinos to revitalize the aging city.

Q1: In what year did the tunnel open?
A1: 2001
Q2: What was the name of Atlantic City's newest casino?
A2: The Borgata
Q3: When did The Borgata open?
A3: July 2003
Q4: In what year was Wynn's plans for development scrapped?
A4: 2002
Q5: The new roadway prompted a partnership between which two companies?
A5: Boyd Gaming in partnership with MGM/Mirage
Antenna_(radio) (Engineering and technology)

Although a resonant antenna has a purely resistive feed-point impedance at a particular frequency, many (if not most) applications require using an antenna over a range of frequencies. An antenna's bandwidth specifies the range of frequencies over which its performance does not suffer due to a poor impedance match. Also in the case of a Yagi-Uda array, the use of the antenna very far away from its design frequency reduces the antenna's directivity, thus reducing the usable bandwidth regardless of impedance matching.

Q1: What type of antenna has impedance at a specific frequency?
A1: resonant
Q2: What term can be used to refer to the usable spectrum of an antennas frequency?
A2: bandwidth
Q3: What causes the frequencies outside of the bandwidth to be unusable?
A3: impedance match
Q4: What is lessened by the Yagi-Uda design?
A4: directivity
Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) (Philosophy and religion)

Although all these different Shia tariqahs belong to the Shia group (as opposed to the Sunni group) in Islam, there are major doctrinal differences between the main Shia tariqahs. After that there is the complete doctrinal break between all the different Shia tariqahs whose last Imams have gone into Occultation and the Shia Nizari Ismailis who deny the very concept of Occultation. The Shia Nizari Ismailis by definition have to have a present and living Imam until the end of time.[citation needed] Thus if any living Nizari Ismaili Imam fails to leave behind a successor after him then the Nizari Ismailism’s cardinal principle would be broken and it’s very raison d'être would come to an end.

Q1: What group do the Shia tariqahs belong to?
A1: Shia
Q2: What has happened to some of the Shia tariqahs last Imams?
A2: Occultation
Q3: Who deny the concept of Occulation?
A3: Shia Nizari Ismailis
Q4: What kind of Imam do Shia Nizari Ismailis have?
A4: present and living
Q5: What would happen to the Nizari Ismaili if the Imam fails to leave a successor?
A5: come to an end
Crucifixion_of_Jesus (Philosophy and religion)

Although almost all ancient sources relating to crucifixion are literary, the 1968 archeological discovery just northeast of Jerusalem of the body of a crucified man dated to the 1st century provided good confirmatory evidence that crucifixions occurred during the Roman period roughly according to the manner in which the crucifixion of Jesus is described in the gospels. The crucified man was identified as Yehohanan ben Hagkol and probably died about 70 AD, around the time of the Jewish revolt against Rome. The analyses at the Hadassah Medical School estimated that he died in his late 20s. Another relevant archaeological find, which also dates to the 1st century AD, is an unidentified heel bone with a spike discovered in a Jerusalem gravesite, now held by the Israel Antiquities Authority and displayed in the Israel Museum.

Q1: Are all sources of the crucification literary?
A1: almost all ancient sources relating to crucifixion are literary
Q2: What evidence was found that Crucifixion did happen?
A2: the 1968 archeological discovery
Q3: Who was the crucified man discovered in an archaeological find?
A3: ben Hagkol
Q4: When was Ben Hagkol crucified?
A4: about 70 AD
Q5: What institution holds a heel bone with a spike inserted?
A5: Israel Museum
Alloy (Mathematics)

Although an alloy is technically an impure metal, when referring to alloys, the term "impurities" usually denotes those elements which are not desired. These impurities are often found in the base metals or the solutes, but they may also be introduced during the alloying process. For instance, sulfur is a common impurity in steel. Sulfur combines readily with iron to form iron sulfide, which is very brittle, creating weak spots in the steel. Lithium, sodium and calcium are common impurities in aluminium alloys, which can have adverse effects on the structural integrity of castings. Conversely, otherwise pure-metals that simply contain unwanted impurities are often called "impure metals" and are not usually referred to as alloys. Oxygen, present in the air, readily combines with most metals to form metal oxides; especially at higher temperatures encountered during alloying. Great care is often taken during the alloying process to remove excess impurities, using fluxes, chemical additives, or other methods of extractive metallurgy.

Q1: What is a characteristic of iron sulfide?
A1: very brittle
Q2: What makes pure metals impure metals?
A2: unwanted impurities
Q3: What are the three common impurities in aluminum alloys?
A3: Lithium, sodium and calcium
Q4: Using fluxes and chemical additives during the alloying process does what?
A4: remove excess impurities
Culture (Philosophy and religion)

Although anthropologists worldwide refer to Tylor's definition of culture, in the 20th century "culture" emerged as the central and unifying concept of American anthropology, where it most commonly refers to the universal human capacity to classify and encode human experiences symbolically, and to communicate symbolically encoded experiences socially.[citation needed] American anthropology is organized into four fields, each of which plays an important role in research on culture: biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, cultural anthropology, and archaeology.

Q1: Who's definition of culture did anthropologist  accept?
A1: Tylor's
Q2: What four fields make up American anthropology which play a vital role on its research of culture?
A2: biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, cultural anthropology, and archaeology.
Q3: In which century did "culture" as a central concept of American anthropology emerge?
A3: 20th century
Asthma (Natural sciences)

Although asthma is a chronic obstructive condition, it is not considered as a part of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as this term refers specifically to combinations of disease that are irreversible such as bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. Unlike these diseases, the airway obstruction in asthma is usually reversible; however, if left untreated, the chronic inflammation from asthma can lead the lungs to become irreversibly obstructed due to airway remodeling. In contrast to emphysema, asthma affects the bronchi, not the alveoli.

Q1: What kind of condition is asthma?
A1: a chronic obstructive condition
Q2: What are examples of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
A2: bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema
Q3: Is the airway obstuction reversable in asthma?
A3: asthma is usually reversible
Q4: What part of the airway does emphysema affect?
A4: alveoli
Q5: What part of the airway does asthma affect?
A5: the bronchi
Richard_Feynman (Mathematics)

Although born to and raised by parents who were Ashkenazi, Feynman was not only an atheist, but declined to be labelled Jewish. He routinely refused to be included in lists or books that classified people by race. He asked to not be included in Tina Levitan's The Laureates: Jewish Winners of the Nobel Prize, writing, "To select, for approbation the peculiar elements that come from some supposedly Jewish heredity is to open the door to all kinds of nonsense on racial theory," and adding "... at thirteen I was not only converted to other religious views, but I also stopped believing that the Jewish people are in any way 'the chosen people'."

Q1: Which religious sect did Feynman refuse to be part of?
A1: Jewish
Q2: Which book did Feynman decline to be listed in?
A2: The Laureates: Jewish Winners of the Nobel Prize
Q3: What did Feynman believe that the Jewish people were not?
A3: the chosen people
Q4: What religious affiliation did Feynman have?
A4: atheist
Q5: Feynman did not like to be listed in anything that labeled people by what standard?
A5: race
Web_browser (Engineering and technology)

Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web, they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems.

Q1: The primary function of a browser is to use what?
A1: the World Wide Web
Q2: In addition to accessing the Internet, browsers can also access info that is put there by web servers in what?
A2: private networks
Q3: A browser can also access files where?
A3: file systems
Washington_University_in_St._Louis (Geography and places)

Although chartered as a university, for many years Washington University functioned primarily as a night school located on 17th Street and Washington Avenue in the heart of downtown St. Louis. Owing to limited financial resources, Washington University initially used public buildings. Classes began on October 22, 1854, at the Benton School building. At first the university paid for the evening classes, but as their popularity grew, their funding was transferred to the St. Louis Public Schools. Eventually the board secured funds for the construction of Academic Hall and a half dozen other buildings. Later the university divided into three departments: the Manual Training School, Smith Academy, and the Mary Institute.

Q1: Where was Washington University located? 
A1: 17th Street and Washington Avenue
Q2: When did classes first begin at Washington University?
A2: October 22, 1854
Q3: What building was first used for classes at Washington University?
A3: Benton School building.
Q4: What three departments were Washington University divided?
A4: the Manual Training School, Smith Academy, and the Mary Institute
Q5: What type of school did Washington University first function?
A5: a night school
Antarctica (Natural sciences)

Although coal, hydrocarbons, iron ore, platinum, copper, chromium, nickel, gold and other minerals have been found, they have not been in large enough quantities to exploit. The 1991 Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty also restricts a struggle for resources. In 1998, a compromise agreement was reached to place an indefinite ban on mining, to be reviewed in 2048, further limiting economic development and exploitation. The primary economic activity is the capture and offshore trading of fish. Antarctic fisheries in 2000–01 reported landing 112,934 tonnes.

Q1: What does the Protocol on Environmental Protection seek to regulate?
A1: resources
Q2: In what year was an agreement reached to ban mining in Antarctica?
A2: 1998
Q3: When will the mining ban be reviewed?
A3: 2048
Q4: What is the major economic activity near Antarctica?
A4: trading of fish
Q5: How many tonnes of fish were reported caught in 2000-01?
A5: 112,934 tonnes
New_Delhi (Geography and places)

Although colloquially Delhi and New Delhi as names are used interchangeably to refer to the jurisdiction of NCT of Delhi, these are two distinct entities, and the latter is a small part of the former.

Q1: What are the two terms colloquially used to refer to the jurisdiction of NCT of Delhi?
A1: Delhi and New Delhi
Q2: New Delhi is a small part of what larger territory?
A2: Delhi
Q3: Delhi and New Delhi are colloquially used to refer to what jurisdiction?
A3: NCT of Delhi
Q4: What is one name used to refer to the jurisdiction of NCT of Delhi?
A4: Delhi
Napoleon (History)

Although critics have blamed Napoleon for several tactical mistakes preceding the battle, they have also praised his audacity for selecting a risky campaign strategy, choosing to invade the Italian peninsula from the north when the vast majority of French invasions came from the west, near or along the coastline. As Chandler points out, Napoleon spent almost a year getting the Austrians out of Italy in his first campaign; in 1800, it took him only a month to achieve the same goal. German strategist and field marshal Alfred von Schlieffen concluded that "Bonaparte did not annihilate his enemy but eliminated him and rendered him harmless" while "[attaining] the object of the campaign: the conquest of North Italy."

Q1: From what direction did Napoleon elect to invade Italy?
A1: the north
Q2:  What direction did French invasions of Italy normally come from?
A2: the west
Q3: Around how long did it take Napoleon to push Austria out of Italy in his first experiences there?
A3: a year
Q4: How long did it take Napoleon to drive Austria from Italy in 1800?
A4: a month
Q5: According to Alfred von Shlieffen, what was the object of Napoleon's 1800 Italian campaign?
A5: the conquest of North Italy
Adult_contemporary_music (Music)

Although dance-oriented, electronic pop and ballad-oriented rock dominated the 1980s, soft rock songs still enjoyed a mild success thanks to artists like Sheena Easton, Amy Grant, Lionel Richie, Christopher Cross, Dan Hill, Leo Sayer, Billy Ocean, Julio Iglesias, Bertie Higgins and Tommy Page. No song spent more than six weeks at #1 on this chart during the 1980s, with nine songs accomplishing that feat. Two of these were by Lionel Richie, "You Are" in 1983 and "Hello" in 1984, which also reached #1 on the Hot 100.

Q1: Along with electronic pop, what type of music was the most successful in the 1980s?
A1: ballad-oriented rock
Q2: What genre did the music of Billy Ocean belong to?
A2: soft rock
Q3: What was the longest that a song spent at #1 on the adult contemporary charts in the 1980s?
A3: six weeks
Q4: In what year did Lionel Richie record "You Are"?
A4: 1983
Q5: Aside from the adult contemporary chart, on what other chart did Lionel Richie's "Hello" reach the top spot?
A5: Hot 100
Clothing (Natural sciences)

Although dissertations on clothing and its function appear from the 19th century as colonising countries dealt with new environments, concerted scientific research into psycho-social, physiological and other functions of clothing (e.g. protective, cartage) occurred in the first half of the 20th century, with publications such as J. C. Flügel's Psychology of Clothes in 1930, and Newburgh's seminal Physiology of Heat Regulation and The Science of Clothing in 1949. By 1968, the field of environmental physiology had advanced and expanded significantly, but the science of clothing in relation to environmental physiology had changed little. While considerable research has since occurred and the knowledge-base has grown significantly, the main concepts remain unchanged, and indeed Newburgh's book is still cited by contemporary authors, including those attempting to develop thermoregulatory models of clothing development.

Q1: What century do dissertation on clothing first appear from?
A1: 19th
Q2: What year was J. C. Flügel's Psychology of Clothes published?
A2: 1930
Q3: Whose book entitled Physiology of Heat Regulation and The Science of Clothing was published in 1949?
A3: Newburgh's
Q4: How much had the science of clothing in relation to environmental factors changed by 1968?
A4: little
Q5: What have remained unchanged while the knowledge has grown?
A5: the main concepts
University (Language and literature)

Although each institution is organized differently, nearly all universities have a board of trustees; a president, chancellor, or rector; at least one vice president, vice-chancellor, or vice-rector; and deans of various divisions. Universities are generally divided into a number of academic departments, schools or faculties. Public university systems are ruled over by government-run higher education boards. They review financial requests and budget proposals and then allocate funds for each university in the system. They also approve new programs of instruction and cancel or make changes in existing programs. In addition, they plan for the further coordinated growth and development of the various institutions of higher education in the state or country. However, many public universities in the world have a considerable degree of financial, research and pedagogical autonomy. Private universities are privately funded and generally have broader independence from state policies. However, they may have less independence from business corporations depending on the source of their finances.

Q1: How many vice presidents do most universities have?
A1: at least one
Q2: What kind of board does a university commonly have?
A2: a board of trustees
Q3: What are the different departments of a university called?
A3: schools or faculties
Q4: Who controls public universities?
A4: government-run higher education boards
Q5: Besides students, what is the source of funds of private universities?
A5: business corporations
Hydrogen (Natural sciences)

Although exotic on Earth, one of the most common ions in the universe is the H+
3 ion, known as protonated molecular hydrogen or the trihydrogen cation.

Q1: What kind of molecular hydrogen is the H+3 knows as?
A1: protonated
Q2: What kind of cation is the H+3 knowns as?
A2: trihydrogen cation
Arnold_Schwarzenegger (Media and drama)

Although he began his tenure as governor with record high approval ratings (as high as 89% in December 2003), he left office with a record low 23%, only one percent higher than that of Gray Davis's when he was recalled in October 2003.

Q1: What was Schwarzenegger's highest approval rating during his stint as governor?
A1: 89%
Q2: What was Schwarzenegger's approval rating on the day his time in office ended?
A2: 23%
Qing_dynasty (History)

Although his support had been essential to Shunzhi's ascent, Dorgon had through the years centralised so much power in his hands as to become a direct threat to the throne. So much so that upon his death he was extraordinarily bestowed the posthumous title of Emperor Yi (Chinese: 義皇帝), the only instance in Qing history in which a Manchu "prince of the blood" (Chinese: 親王) was so honored. Two months into Shunzhi's personal rule, Dorgon was not only stripped of his titles, but his corpse was disinterred and mutilated.[b] to atone for multiple "crimes", one of which was persecuting to death Shunzhi’s agnate eldest brother, Hooge. More importantly, Dorgon's symbolic fall from grace also signaled a political purge of his family and associates at court, thus reverting power back to the person of the emperor. After a promising start, Shunzhi's reign was cut short by his early death in 1661 at the age of twenty-four from smallpox. He was succeeded by his third son Xuanye, who reigned as the Kangxi Emperor.

Q1: Who was a threat to Shunzhi's throne?
A1: Dorgon
Q2: What was Dorgon known as after death?
A2: Emperor Yi
Q3: Who was Shunzhi's oldest brother?
A3: Hooge
Q4: When did Shunzhi's death?
A4: 1661
Q5: How old was Shunzhi at his death?
A5: twenty-four
Hydrogen (Natural sciences)

Although hydrides can be formed with almost all main-group elements, the number and combination of possible compounds varies widely; for example, there are over 100 binary borane hydrides known, but only one binary aluminium hydride. Binary indium hydride has not yet been identified, although larger complexes exist.

Q1: How many binary borane hydrides are known?
A1: over 100
Q2: How many binary aluminum hydrides are there?
A2: 1
Incandescent_light_bulb (Engineering and technology)

Although inefficient, incandescent light bulbs have an advantage in applications where accurate color reproduction is important, since the continuous blackbody spectrum emitted from an incandescent light-bulb filament yields near-perfect color rendition, with a color rendering index of 100 (the best possible). White-balancing is still required to avoid too "warm" or "cool" colors, but this is a simple process that requires only the color temperature in Kelvin as input for modern, digital visual reproduction equipment such as video or still cameras unless it is completely automated. The color-rendering performance of incandescent lights cannot be matched by LEDs or fluorescent lights, although they can offer satisfactory performance for non-critical applications such as home lighting. White-balancing such lights is therefore more complicated, requiring additional adjustments to reduce for example green-magenta color casts, and even when properly white-balanced, the color reproduction will not be perfect.

Q1: What is the purpose of white-balancing?
A1: to avoid too "warm" or "cool" colors
Q2: Of incandescent lights, fluorescent lights and LEDs, which has the best color-rendering performance?
A2: incandescent lights
Q3: What is the color rendering index of an incandescent light?
A3: 100
Q4: Why do incandescent lights have superior color rendering?
A4: the continuous blackbody spectrum emitted from an incandescent light-bulb filament
Q5: What is the highest possible color rendering index score?
A5: 100
Estonia (Geography and places)

Although initially the Germans were welcomed by most Estonians as liberators from the USSR and its oppressions, and hopes were raised for the restoration of the country's independence, it was soon realised that the Nazis were but another occupying power. The Germans used Estonia's resources for their war effort; for the duration of the occupation Estonia was incorporated into the German province of Ostland. The Germans and their collaborators also carried out The Holocaust in Estonia in which they established a network of concentration camps and murdered thousands of Estonian Jews and Estonian Gypsies, other Estonians, non-Estonian Jews, and Soviet prisoners of war.

Q1: What did the majority of Estonians view the Germans as?
A1: liberators
Q2: Who was in control of Estonia before the Germans?
A2: the USSR
Q3: What did Estonia hope to restore after the removal of the USSR?
A3: the country's independence
Q4: What did Germany take from Estonia for their war strategy?
A4: Estonia's resources