LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Germans (Language and literature)

In 1866, the feud between Austria and Prussia finally came to a head. There were several reasons behind this war. As German nationalism grew strongly inside the German Confederation and neither could decide on how Germany was going to be unified into a nation-state. The Austrians favoured the Greater Germany unification but were not willing to give up any of the non-German-speaking land inside of the Austrian Empire and take second place to Prussia. The Prussians however wanted to unify Germany as Little Germany primarily by the Kingdom of Prussia, whilst excluding Austria. In the final battle of the German war (Battle of Königgrätz) the Prussians successfully defeated the Austrians and succeeded in creating the North German Confederation.

Q1: When did the strife between Austria and Prussia erupt?
A1: 1866
Q2: in What conflict of the German war did the Prussians successfully create the North German Confederation?
A2: (Battle of Königgrätz
Q3: What was Germany going to be called if Prussian won?
A3: Little Germany
Q4: What was Austria not willing to give up to settle the conflict?
A4: non-German-speaking land inside of the Austrian Empire
Q5: When did Austria and Prussia go to war?
A5: 1866
Q6: Who won the battle of Koniggratz?
A6: Prussia
Q7: What did the Prussians want Germany to unify under?
A7: Little Germany
Q8: What was created when the Prussians defeated Austria??
A8: North German Confederation
Tristan_da_Cunha (Geography and places)

In 1867, Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh and second son of Queen Victoria, visited the islands. The main settlement, Edinburgh of the Seven Seas, was named in honour of his visit. Lewis Carroll's youngest brother, the Reverend Edwin Heron Dodgson, served as an Anglican missionary and schoolteacher in Tristan da Cunha in the 1880s.

Q1: in what year did Prince Alfred visit the island?
A1: 1867
Q2: what was the main settlement named?
A2: Edinburgh of the Seven Seas
Q3: who is Lewis Carroll's youngest brother?
A3: Reverend Edwin Heron Dodgson
Washington_University_in_St._Louis (Geography and places)

In 1867, the university opened the first private nonsectarian law school west of the Mississippi River. By 1882, Washington University had expanded to numerous departments, which were housed in various buildings across St. Louis. Medical classes were first held at Washington University in 1891 after the St. Louis Medical College decided to affiliate with the University, establishing the School of Medicine. During the 1890s, Robert Sommers Brookings, the president of the Board of Trustees, undertook the tasks of reorganizing the university's finances, putting them onto a sound foundation, and buying land for a new campus.

Q1: When was did Washington University open its law school?
A1: 1867
Q2: When did Washington University establish its medical school? 
A2: 1891
Q3: Who was Robert Somers Brookings?
A3: the president of the Board of Trustees
Q4: When did St. Louis Medical college affiliate itself with Washington University?
A4: 1891
Montevideo (Geography and places)

In 1868, the horse-drawn tram company Compañía de Tranvías al Paso del Molino y Cerro created the first lines connecting Montevideo with Unión, the beach resort of Capurro and the industrialized and economically independent Villa del Cerro, at the time called Cosmopolis. In the same year, the Mercado del Puerto was inaugurated. In 1869, the first railway line of the company Ferrocarril Central del Uruguay was inaugurated connecting Bella Vista with the town of Las Piedras. During the same year and the next, the neighbourhoods Colón, Nuevo París and La Comercial were founded. The famous to our days Sunday market of Tristán Narvaja Street was established in Cordón in 1870. Public water supply was established in 1871. In 1878, Bulevar Circunvalación was constructed, a boulevard starting from Punta Carretas, going up to the north end of the city and then turning west to end at the beach of Capurro. It was renamed to Artigas Boulevard (its current name) in 1885. By Decree, on 8 January 1881, the area Los Pocitos was incorporated to the Novísima Ciudad (Most New City).

Q1: What year did Compania de Tranvias al Paso del Molino y Cerro creat the first lines connecting Montevideo with Union?
A1: 1868
Q2: What year was Mercado del Puerto inaugurated? 
A2: 1868
Q3: What year was the first railway line of the company Ferrocarril Central del Uruguay inaugurated? 
A3: 1869
Q4: What year was Bulevar Circunvalcion constructed? 
A4: 1878
British_Empire (History)

In 1869 the Suez Canal opened under Napoleon III, linking the Mediterranean with the Indian Ocean. Initially the Canal was opposed by the British; but once opened, its strategic value was quickly recognised and became the "jugular vein of the Empire". In 1875, the Conservative government of Benjamin Disraeli bought the indebted Egyptian ruler Isma'il Pasha's 44 percent shareholding in the Suez Canal for £4 million (£340 million in 2013). Although this did not grant outright control of the strategic waterway, it did give Britain leverage. Joint Anglo-French financial control over Egypt ended in outright British occupation in 1882. The French were still majority shareholders and attempted to weaken the British position, but a compromise was reached with the 1888 Convention of Constantinople, which made the Canal officially neutral territory.

Q1: When did the Suez Canal open?
A1: 1869
Q2: Which ocean did the Suez Canal connect the Mediterranean to?
A2: Indian Ocean
Q3: Which French leader ruled when the Suez Canal opened?
A3: Napoleon III
Q4: How much did Britain spend to buy Egypt's share of the Suez Canal?
A4: £4 million
Q5: The Suez Canal became neutral territory by what treaty?
A5: Convention of Constantinople
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses (Philosophy and religion)

In 1870, Charles Taze Russell and others formed a group in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to study the Bible. During the course of his ministry, Russell disputed many beliefs of mainstream Christianity including immortality of the soul, hellfire, predestination, the fleshly return of Jesus Christ, the Trinity, and the burning up of the world. In 1876, Russell met Nelson H. Barbour; later that year they jointly produced the book Three Worlds, which combined restitutionist views with end time prophecy. The book taught that God's dealings with humanity were divided dispensationally, each ending with a "harvest," that Christ had returned as an invisible spirit being in 1874 inaugurating the "harvest of the Gospel age," and that 1914 would mark the end of a 2520-year period called "the Gentile Times," at which time world society would be replaced by the full establishment of God's kingdom on earth. Beginning in 1878 Russell and Barbour jointly edited a religious journal, Herald of the Morning. In June 1879 the two split over doctrinal differences, and in July, Russell began publishing the magazine Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, stating that its purpose was to demonstrate that the world was in "the last days," and that a new age of earthly and human restitution under the reign of Christ was imminent.

Q1: When did Charles Taze Russell form a group?
A1: 1870
Q2: Where did Russell and others form their group?
A2: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Q3: What was the purpose of Russell's group?
A3: to study the Bible
Q4: When Russell met Nelson H. Barbour in 1876, they jointly produced what book?
A4: Three Worlds
Q5: 1914 would mark the end of a 2520 year period known as what?
A5: the Gentile Times
Germans (Language and literature)

In 1870, after France attacked Prussia, Prussia and its new allies in Southern Germany (among them Bavaria) were victorious in the Franco-Prussian War. It created the German Empire in 1871 as a German nation-state, effectively excluding the multi-ethnic Austrian Habsburg monarchy and Liechtenstein. Integrating the Austrians nevertheless remained a strong desire for many people of Germany and Austria, especially among the liberals, the social democrats and also the Catholics who were a minority within the Protestant Germany.

Q1: When did France attack Prussia? 
A1: 1870
Q2: Who won the Franco-Prussian War?
A2: Prussia and its new allies in Southern Germany
Q3: When was the German Empire founded?
A3: 1871
Q4: What regions was excluded from the German Empire?
A4: effectively excluding the multi-ethnic Austrian Habsburg monarchy
Q5: What was the primary religion of Germany?
A5: Protestant
Q6: When was the German empire created?
A6: 1871
Q7: Who was excluded from the German Nation State?
A7: Austrian Habsburg monarchy and Liechtenstein
Q8: What religion was a majority in Germany?
A8: Protestant
Q9: What did many people in Germany still want to do?
A9: Integrating the Austrians
Alexander_Graham_Bell (Engineering and technology)

In 1870, at age 23, Bell, his brother's widow, Caroline (Margaret Ottaway), and his parents travelled on the SS Nestorian to Canada. After landing at Quebec City the Bells transferred to another steamer to Montreal and then boarded a train to Paris, Ontario, to stay with the Reverend Thomas Henderson, a family friend. After a brief stay with the Hendersons, the Bell family purchased a farm of 10.5 acres (42,000 m2) at Tutelo Heights (now called Tutela Heights), near Brantford, Ontario. The property consisted of an orchard, large farm house, stable, pigsty, hen-house, and a carriage house, which bordered the Grand River.[N 9]

Q1: How old was Bell when he went to Canada?
A1: 23
Q2: What boat did Bell travel on?
A2: SS Nestorian
Q3: In what Canadian city did Bell first arrive?
A3: Quebec City
Q4: What city did Bell arrive at by train?
A4: Paris
Q5: How many acres was the farm the Bell's bought in Canada?
A5: 10.5
Red (Natural sciences)

In 1870, following the stunning defeat of the French Army by the Germans in the Franco-Prussian War, French workers and socialist revolutionaries seized Paris and created the Paris Commune. The Commune lasted for two months before it was crushed by the French Army, with much bloodshed. The original red banners of the Commune became icons of the socialist revolution; in 1921 members of the French Communist Party came to Moscow and presented the new Soviet government with one of the original Commune banners; it was placed (and is still in place) in the tomb of Vladimir Lenin, next to his open coffin.

Q1: Who was defeated in the Franco-Prussian war?
A1: the French Army
Q2: After Paris was seized as a result of the Franco-Prussian war, what did revolutionaries and workers create?
A2: the Paris Commune
Q3: For how long did the Paris Commune exist?
A3: two months
Q4: Next to whom was a a Paris Commune banner placed?
A4: Vladimir Lenin
Q5: In what year did people of the French Communist party go to Moscow to give the Soviet government a Paris Commune banner?
A5: 1921
Queen_Victoria (History)

In 1870, republican sentiment in Britain, fed by the Queen's seclusion, was boosted after the establishment of the Third French Republic. A republican rally in Trafalgar Square demanded Victoria's removal, and Radical MPs spoke against her. In August and September 1871, she was seriously ill with an abscess in her arm, which Joseph Lister successfully lanced and treated with his new antiseptic carbolic acid spray. In late November 1871, at the height of the republican movement, the Prince of Wales contracted typhoid fever, the disease that was believed to have killed his father, and Victoria was fearful her son would die. As the tenth anniversary of her husband's death approached, her son's condition grew no better, and Victoria's distress continued. To general rejoicing, he pulled through. Mother and son attended a public parade through London and a grand service of thanksgiving in St Paul's Cathedral on 27 February 1872, and republican feeling subsided.

Q1: What year was the Third French Republic established?
A1: 1870
Q2: Where was the republica rally held that called for Vuictorias removal?
A2: Trafalgar Square
Q3: Who spoke against Victoria at the rally in Trafalgar Square?
A3: Radical MPs
Q4: In 1871, Victoria became seriously ill with an abscess on what part of her body?
A4: arm
Q5: Who lanced and treated the abscess on Queen Victorias arm?
A5: Joseph Lister
Q6: How was the republican sentiment in Britain changed?
A6: boosted after the establishment of the Third French Republic
Q7: Where was a rally calling for Queen Victoria's removal held? 
A7: Trafalgar Square
Q8: What cutting edge treatment did Joseph Lister use to treat Queen Victoria's illness?
A8: new antiseptic carbolic acid spray
Q9: What disease nearly took the Prince of Wales life? 
A9: typhoid fever
Q10: What helped to boost the rebublicians in 1870?
A10: establishment of the Third French Republic
Q11: When did the Third French Republic come onto the scene?
A11: 1870
Q12: WHat was a new antiseptic being used to treat abcesses in the 1870's?
A12: carbolic acid spray
Q13: What disease was contracted by the Prince of Wales that nearly ended his life?
A13: typhoid fever
Q14: Who spoke against Victoria at Trafalgar Square?
A14: Radical MPs
Q15: After what event did the Prince of Wales' health begin to improve?
A15: the tenth anniversary of her husband's death
Strasbourg (Geography and places)

In 1871, after the end of the war, the city was annexed to the newly established German Empire as part of the Reichsland Elsass-Lothringen under the terms of the Treaty of Frankfurt. As part of Imperial Germany, Strasbourg was rebuilt and developed on a grand and representative scale, such as the Neue Stadt, or "new city" around the present Place de la République. Historian Rodolphe Reuss and Art historian Wilhelm von Bode were in charge of rebuilding the municipal archives, libraries and museums. The University, founded in 1567 and suppressed during the French Revolution as a stronghold of German sentiment,[citation needed] was reopened in 1872 under the name Kaiser-Wilhelms-Universität.

Q1: In what year was the city annexed to the German Empire?
A1: 1871
Q2: What was the Treaty in 1871 called?
A2: Treaty of Frankfurt
Q3: What Historian was in charge of rebuilding the municipal archives?
A3: Rodolphe Reuss
Q4: What year was the university founded?
A4: 1567
Q5:  What was the new name of the university when it reopened in 1872?
A5: Kaiser-Wilhelms-Universität
Incandescent_light_bulb (Engineering and technology)

In 1872, Russian Alexander Lodygin invented an incandescent light bulb and obtained a Russian patent in 1874. He used as a burner two carbon rods of diminished section in a glass receiver, hermetically sealed, and filled with nitrogen, electrically arranged so that the current could be passed to the second carbon when the first had been consumed. Later he lived in the USA, changed his name to Alexander de Lodyguine and applied and obtained patents for incandescent lamps having chromium, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, osmium, molybdenum and tungsten filaments, and a bulb using a molybdenum filament was demonstrated at the world fair of 1900 in Paris.

Q1: Who patented an incandescent light bulb in Russia in 1874?
A1: Alexander Lodygin
Q2: What did Lodygin use as a burner in his lamp?
A2: two carbon rods
Q3: In what year did Lodygin demonstrate a lamp at the World's Fair?
A3: 1900
Q4: What did Lodygin change his name to after moving to the USA?
A4: Alexander de Lodyguine
Q5: When did Lodygin invent his first lamp?
A5: 1872
Asthma (Natural sciences)

In 1873, one of the first papers in modern medicine on the subject tried to explain the pathophysiology of the disease while one in 1872, concluded that asthma can be cured by rubbing the chest with chloroform liniment. Medical treatment in 1880, included the use of intravenous doses of a drug called pilocarpin. In 1886, F.H. Bosworth theorized a connection between asthma and hay fever. Epinephrine was first referred to in the treatment of asthma in 1905. Oral corticosteroids began to be used for this condition in the 1950s while inhaled corticosteroids and selective short acting beta agonist came into wide use in the 1960s.

Q1: When was the first paper written about asthma?
A1: In 1873
Q2: What was first used as a cure for asthma?
A2: by rubbing the chest with chloroform liniment
Q3: In 1880 what was used intraveniously for asthma?
A3: pilocarpin
Q4: When did inhaled corticosteroids and short acting beta agonist start being used? 
A4: in the 1960s
Alexander_Graham_Bell (Engineering and technology)

In 1874, telegraph message traffic was rapidly expanding and in the words of Western Union President William Orton, had become "the nervous system of commerce". Orton had contracted with inventors Thomas Edison and Elisha Gray to find a way to send multiple telegraph messages on each telegraph line to avoid the great cost of constructing new lines. When Bell mentioned to Gardiner Hubbard and Thomas Sanders that he was working on a method of sending multiple tones on a telegraph wire using a multi-reed device, the two wealthy patrons began to financially support Bell's experiments. Patent matters would be handled by Hubbard's patent attorney, Anthony Pollok.

Q1: What business was William Orton in charge of?
A1: Western Union
Q2: In 1874 the telegraph was known as the what of commerce?
A2: nervous system
Q3: What was the primary motivation for not building new telegraph lines?
A3: cost
Q4: Thomas Edison and what other scientist were already asked to work on a better telegraph?
A4: Elisha Gray
Alexander_Graham_Bell (Engineering and technology)

In 1875, Bell developed an acoustic telegraph and drew up a patent application for it. Since he had agreed to share U.S. profits with his investors Gardiner Hubbard and Thomas Sanders, Bell requested that an associate in Ontario, George Brown, attempt to patent it in Britain, instructing his lawyers to apply for a patent in the U.S. only after they received word from Britain (Britain would issue patents only for discoveries not previously patented elsewhere).

Q1: What did Bell promise to split with his financers?
A1: U.S. profits
Q2: In what country other than the U.S. did Bell try to patent his telegraph?
A2: Britain
Q3: Which country did Bell first try to get a patent?
A3: Britain
Q4: Who did Bell ask to get a patent in Britain?
A4: George Brown
Q5: What kind of telegraph did Bell create?
A5: acoustic
Charleston,_South_Carolina (Geography and places)

In 1875, blacks made up 57% of the city's population, and 73% of Charleston County. With leadership by members of the antebellum free black community, historian Melinda Meeks Hennessy described the community as "unique" in being able to defend themselves without provoking "massive white retaliation", as occurred in numerous other areas during Reconstruction. In the 1876 election cycle, two major riots between black Republicans and white Democrats occurred in the city, in September and the day after the election in November, as well as a violent incident in Cainhoy at an October joint discussion meeting.

Q1: What percentage of Charleston's population was black in 1875?
A1: 57%
Q2: What percentage of Charleston County's was black in 1875?
A2: 73%
Q3: In 1876, Charleston's Black Republicans fought against whom?
A3: white Democrats
Q4: The second riot of 1876 happened when?
A4: the day after the election in November
Q5: How many major riots between blacks and whites occurred in Charleston in 1876?
A5: two
Department_store (Social sciences and society)

In 1877, John Wanamaker opened the United State's first modern department store in a former Pennsylvania Railroad freight terminal in Philadelphia. Wanamakers was the first department store to offer fixed prices marked on every article and also introduced electrical illumination (1878), the telephone (1879), and the use of pneumatic tubes to transport cash and documents (1880) to the department store business. Subsequent department stores founded in Philadelphia included Strawbridge and Clothier, Gimbels, Lit Brothers, and Snellenbergs.

Q1: Who opened the original "modern" department store in America?
A1: John Wanamaker
Q2: What feature made Wanamakers different from other stores at the time? 
A2: fixed prices marked on every article
Q3: How were important documents and money transported throughout the store? 
A3: pneumatic tubes
Q4: When was electric lighting first installed and used in the store? 
A4: 1878
Q5: In what state was Wanamakers established? 
A5: Pennsylvania
Gramophone_record (Music)

In 1877, Thomas Edison invented the phonograph. Unlike the phonautograph, it was capable of both recording and reproducing sound. Despite the similarity of name, there is no documentary evidence that Edison's phonograph was based on Scott's phonautograph. Edison first tried recording sound on a wax-impregnated paper tape, with the idea of creating a "telephone repeater" analogous to the telegraph repeater he had been working on. Although the visible results made him confident that sound could be physically recorded and reproduced, his notes do not indicate that he actually reproduced sound before his first experiment in which he used tinfoil as a recording medium several months later. The tinfoil was wrapped around a grooved metal cylinder and a sound-vibrated stylus indented the tinfoil while the cylinder was rotated. The recording could be played back immediately. The Scientific American article that introduced the tinfoil phonograph to the public mentioned Marey, Rosapelly and Barlow as well as Scott as creators of devices for recording but, importantly, not reproducing sound. Edison also invented variations of the phonograph that used tape and disc formats. Numerous applications for the phonograph were envisioned, but although it enjoyed a brief vogue as a startling novelty at public demonstrations, the tinfoil phonograph proved too crude to be put to any practical use. A decade later, Edison developed a greatly improved phonograph that used a hollow wax cylinder instead of a foil sheet. This proved to be both a better-sounding and far more useful and durable device. The wax phonograph cylinder created the recorded sound market at the end of the 1880s and dominated it through the early years of the 20th century.

Q1: In what year did Thomas Edison invent the phonograph?
A1: 1877
Q2: How did the phonograph differ from the phonautograph?
A2: capable of both recording and reproducing sound
Q3: What was unique about Einsteins invention?
A3: reproducing sound
Q4: At what era was the recorded sound market introduced?
A4: 1880s
Tibet (Geography and places)

In 1877, the Protestant James Cameron from the China Inland Mission walked from Chongqing to Batang in Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan province, and "brought the Gospel to the Tibetan people." Beginning in the 20th century, in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan, a large number of Lisu people and some Yi and Nu people converted to Christianity. Famous earlier missionaries include James O. Fraser, Alfred James Broomhall and Isobel Kuhn of the China Inland Mission, among others who were active in this area.

Q1: When did Protestant James Cameron bring the Gospel to the Tibetan people?
A1: 1877
Q2: When did a large number of Lisu people convert to Christianity?
A2: Beginning in the 20th century
Q3: How were James O. Fraser, Alfred James Broomhall, and Isobel Kuhn involved with Tibet?
A3: Famous earlier missionaries