LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Muammar_Gaddafi (History)

Idris' government was increasingly unpopular by the latter 1960s; it had exacerbated Libya's traditional regional and tribal divisions by centralising the country's federal system in order to take advantage of the country's oil wealth, while corruption and entrenched systems of patronage were widespread throughout the oil industry. Arab nationalism was increasingly popular, and protests flared up following Egypt's 1967 defeat in the Six-Day War with Israel; allied to the western powers, Idris' administration was seen as pro-Israeli. Anti-western riots broke out in Tripoli and Benghazi, while Libyan workers shut down oil terminals in solidarity with Egypt. By 1969, the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency was expecting segments of Libya's armed forces to launch a coup. Although claims have been made that they knew of Gaddafi's Free Officers Movement, they have since claimed ignorance, stating that they were monitoring Abdul Aziz Shalhi's Black Boots revolutionary group.

Q1: What was happening to Idris' government in the 1960s?
A1: Idris' government was increasingly unpopular by the latter 1960s
Q2: What industry greatly impacted the downfall of Idris's government?
A2: the oil industry
Q3: What sort of problems did the oil industry experience in Libya?
A3: corruption and entrenched systems of patronage were widespread throughout the oil industry
Q4: What did the Libyan workers do to show their support of Egypt?
A4: Libyan workers shut down oil terminals in solidarity with Egypt
Q5: Did the CIA confirm knowledge of Gaddafi's upcoming coup?:
A5: they have since claimed ignorance, stating that they were monitoring Abdul Aziz Shalhi's Black Boots revolutionary group.
Q6: What country won the Six-Day War?
A6: Israel
Q7: In what cities did protests against westerners flare up in 1967?
A7: Tripoli and Benghazi
Q8: On what country's behalf were the 1967 protests taking place?
A8: Egypt
Q9: In what year did the CIA begin to expect a military coup in Libya?
A9: 1969
Q10: What revolutionary organization was led by Abdul Aziz Shalhi?
A10: Black Boots
Mammal (Natural sciences)

If Mammalia is considered as the crown group, its origin can be roughly dated as the first known appearance of animals more closely related to some extant mammals than to others. Ambondro is more closely related to monotremes than to therian mammals while Amphilestes and Amphitherium are more closely related to the therians; as fossils of all three genera are dated about 167 million years ago in the Middle Jurassic, this is a reasonable estimate for the appearance of the crown group. The earliest known synapsid satisfying Kemp's definitions is Tikitherium, dated 225 Ma, so the appearance of mammals in this broader sense can be given this Late Triassic date. In any case, the temporal range of the group extends to the present day.

Q1: Which group are Ambondro's closely related to?
A1: monotremes
Q2: Which two groups are closely related to therian mammals?
A2: Amphilestes and Amphitherium
Q3: How many years do momotremes and therian mammals go back?
A3: 167 million years
Q4: About what year do synapsid date back to?
A4: 225 Ma
Near_East (Geography and places)

If Norman was apparently attempting to change British policy, it was perhaps William Miller (1864–1945), journalist and expert on the Near East, who did the most in that direction. In essence, he signed the death warrant, so to speak, of the Age of Empires. The fall of the Ottoman Empire ultimately enmeshed all the others as well. In the Travel and Politics in the Near East, 1898, Miller claimed to have made four trips to the Balkans, 1894, 1896, 1897 and 1898, and to be, in essence, an expert on "the Near East," by which he primarily meant the Balkans. Apart from the fact that he attended Oxford and played Rugby not many biographical details have been promulgated. He was in effect (whatever his formal associations if any) a point man of British near eastern intelligence.

Q1: What was William Miller's life span?
A1: 1864–1945
Q2: What was William Miller an expert on?
A2: the Near East
Q3: So to speak, what did William Miller do?
A3: signed the death warrant, so to speak, of the Age of Empires
Q4: Where did Miller attend school?
A4: Oxford
Capacitor (Engineering and technology)

If a capacitor is driven with a time-varying voltage that changes rapidly enough, at some frequency the polarization of the dielectric cannot follow the voltage. As an example of the origin of this mechanism, the internal microscopic dipoles contributing to the dielectric constant cannot move instantly, and so as frequency of an applied alternating voltage increases, the dipole response is limited and the dielectric constant diminishes. A changing dielectric constant with frequency is referred to as dielectric dispersion, and is governed by dielectric relaxation processes, such as Debye relaxation. Under transient conditions, the displacement field can be expressed as (see electric susceptibility):

Q1: Under what condition might the polarization of the dielectric be unable to follow the voltage?
A1: driven with a time-varying voltage that changes rapidly
Q2: What type of dipoles which add to the dielectric constant cannot move instantly if a rapidly changing time varying voltage is driving the capacitor?
A2: the internal microscopic dipoles
Q3: What is it called when a dielectric constant changes with frequency?
A3: dielectric dispersion
Q4: What regulates dielectric dispersion?
A4: dielectric relaxation processes
Q5: What is an example of a dielectric relaxation process?
A5: Debye relaxation
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States (History)

If a defendant is sentenced to death at the trial level, the case then goes into a direct review. The direct review process is a typical legal appeal. An appellate court examines the record of evidence presented in the trial court and the law that the lower court applied and decides whether the decision was legally sound or not. Direct review of a capital sentencing hearing will result in one of three outcomes. If the appellate court finds that no significant legal errors occurred in the capital sentencing hearing, the appellate court will affirm the judgment, or let the sentence stand. If the appellate court finds that significant legal errors did occur, then it will reverse the judgment, or nullify the sentence and order a new capital sentencing hearing. Lastly, if the appellate court finds that no reasonable juror could find the defendant eligible for the death penalty, a rarity, then it will order the defendant acquitted, or not guilty, of the crime for which he/she was given the death penalty, and order him sentenced to the next most severe punishment for which the offense is eligible. About 60 percent survive the process of direct review intact.

Q1: What process begins after a death sentence is handed down at trial?
A1: direct review
Q2: In a direct review, what type of court looks at the record?
A2: appellate
Q3: How many possible outcomes are there of a capital sentencing direct review?
A3: three
Q4: What percentage of convictions survive direct review?
A4: 60
Q5: In a direct review, what court has its record reviewed by the appellate court?
A5: trial
Wood (Natural sciences)

If a heavy piece of pine is compared with a lightweight piece it will be seen at once that the heavier one contains a larger proportion of latewood than the other, and is therefore showing more clearly demarcated growth rings. In white pines there is not much contrast between the different parts of the ring, and as a result the wood is very uniform in texture and is easy to work. In hard pines, on the other hand, the latewood is very dense and is deep-colored, presenting a very decided contrast to the soft, straw-colored earlywood.

Q1: Comparing a heavy and a lightweight piece of wood from a pine, which would have a greater proportion of latewood?
A1: heavy
Q2: What feature of a piece of pine with more latewood would be more clear and pronounced?
A2: growth rings
Q3: What type of tree has very little contrast between parts of its growth rings?
A3: white pines
Q4: Is white pine easy or difficult to work with because of its texture?
A4: easy
Q5: What kind of pines have very deep, darkly colored hardwood that stands out against the light earlywood?
A5: hard pines
Race_(human_categorization) (Natural sciences)

If a more consistent report with the genetic groups in the gradation of miscegenation is to be considered (e.g. that would not cluster people with a balanced degree of African and non-African ancestry in the black group instead of the multiracial one, unlike elsewhere in Latin America where people of high quantity of African descent tend to classify themselves as mixed), more people would report themselves as white and pardo in Brazil (47.7% and 42.4% of the population as of 2010, respectively), because by research its population is believed to have between 65 and 80% of autosomal European ancestry, in average (also >35% of European mt-DNA and >95% of European Y-DNA).

Q1: What would more people report themselves as if a more consistent report were considered?
A1: white
Q2: What do people with a high quality of African descent classify themselves as?
A2: mixed
Q3: How much of the population of Brazil reported themselves as pardo in 2010?
A3: 42.4%
Q4: Brazil's population is believed to have between what percentages of autosomal European ancestry?
A4: 65 and 80%
Q5: Brazil's population is thought to have greater than what percentage of European Y-DNA?
A5: 95%
Treaty (Language and literature)

If a party has materially violated or breached its treaty obligations, the other parties may invoke this breach as grounds for temporarily suspending their obligations to that party under the treaty. A material breach may also be invoked as grounds for permanently terminating the treaty itself.

Q1: What may be invoked as grounds for permanently terminating a treaty?
A1: A material breach
Q2: In addition to terminating the treaty itself, what actions by the other parties might result from one party materially violating or beaching its obligations?
A2: temporarily suspending their obligations to that party
Q3: In addition to suspending their obligations under a treaty to the violating party, what may result from a material breach of treaty obligations?
A3: terminating the treaty itself
Q4: Who may invoke a material breach committed by a party to a treaty to suspend their obligations to that party?
A4: the other parties
Q5: What temporary actions can parties of a treaty take in response to a material violation of a party's obligations?
A5: suspending their obligations to that party
Treaty (Language and literature)

If a state party's withdrawal is successful, its obligations under that treaty are considered terminated, and withdrawal by one party from a bilateral treaty of course terminates the treaty. When a state withdraws from a multi-lateral treaty, that treaty will still otherwise remain in force among the other parties, unless, of course, otherwise should or could be interpreted as agreed upon between the remaining states parties to the treaty.[citation needed]

Q1: What happens to a state's obligations under a treaty upon its withdrawal from the treaty?
A1: terminated
Q2: What kind of treaty is terminated by the withdrawal of just one party?
A2: a bilateral treaty
Q3: What happens to a multilateral treaty's rights and obligations among the other parties when just one party withdraws?
A3: remain in force
Q4: After what action by a state are its obligations under a treaty considered terminated?
A4: withdrawal
Q5: Under what conditions could a single state's withdrawal result in the termination of a multilateral treaty?
A5: agreed upon between the remaining states parties
Wood (Natural sciences)

If a tree grows all its life in the open and the conditions of soil and site remain unchanged, it will make its most rapid growth in youth, and gradually decline. The annual rings of growth are for many years quite wide, but later they become narrower and narrower. Since each succeeding ring is laid down on the outside of the wood previously formed, it follows that unless a tree materially increases its production of wood from year to year, the rings must necessarily become thinner as the trunk gets wider. As a tree reaches maturity its crown becomes more open and the annual wood production is lessened, thereby reducing still more the width of the growth rings. In the case of forest-grown trees so much depends upon the competition of the trees in their struggle for light and nourishment that periods of rapid and slow growth may alternate. Some trees, such as southern oaks, maintain the same width of ring for hundreds of years. Upon the whole, however, as a tree gets larger in diameter the width of the growth rings decreases.

Q1: In what stage of its life does a tree usually grow the fastest?
A1: youth
Q2: As a tree ages, do its growth rings usually get wider or narrower?
A2: narrower
Q3: What part of a tree opens and spreads out more as it matures?
A3: crown
Q4: Is wood production of a tree lessened or increased as it ages?
A4: lessened
Q5: Along with nutrients, what do trees growing in forests have to compete for?
A5: light
Tuberculosis (Natural sciences)

If a tuberculosis infection does become active, it most commonly involves the lungs (in about 90% of cases). Symptoms may include chest pain and a prolonged cough producing sputum. About 25% of people may not have any symptoms (i.e. they remain "asymptomatic"). Occasionally, people may cough up blood in small amounts, and in very rare cases, the infection may erode into the pulmonary artery or a Rasmussen's aneurysm, resulting in massive bleeding. Tuberculosis may become a chronic illness and cause extensive scarring in the upper lobes of the lungs. The upper lung lobes are more frequently affected by tuberculosis than the lower ones. The reason for this difference is not clear. It may be due either to better air flow, or to poor lymph drainage within the upper lungs.

Q1: Which lobes of the lungs are more often affected by TB?
A1: upper lung lobes
Q2: What symptom will result if TB infection causes a Rasmussen's aneurysm?
A2: massive bleeding
Q3: What percentage of tuberculosis infections don't ever manifest in symptoms of the disease?
A3: 25%
Q4: If TB becomes chronic, what lasting effect might it have on the lung's upper lobes?
A4: scarring
Q5: Approximately what percentage of active TB cases affect the lungs?
A5: 90%
Computer_security (Engineering and technology)

If access is gained to a car's internal controller area network, it is possible to disable the brakes and turn the steering wheel. Computerized engine timing, cruise control, anti-lock brakes, seat belt tensioners, door locks, airbags and advanced driver assistance systems make these disruptions possible, and self-driving cars go even further. Connected cars may use wifi and bluetooth to communicate with onboard consumer devices, and the cell phone network to contact concierge and emergency assistance services or get navigational or entertainment information; each of these networks is a potential entry point for malware or an attacker. Researchers in 2011 were even able to use a malicious compact disc in a car's stereo system as a successful attack vector, and cars with built-in voice recognition or remote assistance features have onboard microphones which could be used for eavesdropping.

Q1: What were researchers in 2011 able to use as a successful attack vector?
A1: a malicious compact disc in a car's stereo system
Q2: In cars with built-in voice recognition features, what can the onboard microphones be used for?
A2: eavesdropping
Q3: Wifi, bluetooth, and cell phone networks are examples of what?
A3: a potential entry point for malware or an attacker
Q4: Assuming access has been gained to the car's internal controller area network, what is it possible to do?
A4: disable the brakes and turn the steering wheel
Q5: What network is used to contact concierge and emergency assitance services as well as getting navigational and entetainment information?
A5: the cell phone network
High-definition_television (Engineering and technology)

If all three parameters are used, they are specified in the following form: [frame size][scanning system][frame or field rate] or [frame size]/[frame or field rate][scanning system].[citation needed] Often, frame size or frame rate can be dropped if its value is implied from context. In this case, the remaining numeric parameter is specified first, followed by the scanning system.

Q1: What are the three HDTV parameters?
A1: [frame size][scanning system][frame or field rate]
Q2: Which two parameters can be dropped if its value is implied from context?
A2: frame size or frame rate
Q3: When can the frame size or frame rate parameter specification be dropped?
A3: if its value is implied from context
Q4: When a parameter is dropped, the remaining numeric parameter is specified first, followed by what?
A4: the scanning system
Eton_College (History)

If any boy produces an outstanding piece of work, it may be "Sent Up For Good", storing the effort in the College Archives for posterity. This award has been around since the 18th century. As Sending Up For Good is fairly infrequent, the process is rather mysterious to many of Eton's boys. First, the master wishing to Send Up For Good must gain the permission of the relevant Head of Department. Upon receiving his or her approval, the piece of work will be marked with Sent Up For Good and the student will receive a card to be signed by House Master, tutor and division master.

Q1: What action results in something being "Sent Up For Good?"
A1: If any boy produces an outstanding piece of work
Q2: What does a student receive when work is Sent Up For Good?
A2: a card
Q3: When a student has work Sent Up For Good, who signs the card that they receive?
A3: House Master, tutor and division master
Q4: Where is work that has been Sent Up For Good stored?
A4: College Archives
Bacteria (Natural sciences)

If bacteria form a parasitic association with other organisms, they are classed as pathogens. Pathogenic bacteria are a major cause of human death and disease and cause infections such as tetanus, typhoid fever, diphtheria, syphilis, cholera, foodborne illness, leprosy and tuberculosis. A pathogenic cause for a known medical disease may only be discovered many years after, as was the case with Helicobacter pylori and peptic ulcer disease. Bacterial diseases are also important in agriculture, with bacteria causing leaf spot, fire blight and wilts in plants, as well as Johne's disease, mastitis, salmonella and anthrax in farm animals.

Q1: What are the pathogenes?
A1: bacteria form a parasitic association with other organisms
Q2: What can pathogenes cause?
A2: human death and disease
Q3: Can cause for most pathogenic diseases be found soon?
A3: may only be discovered many years after
Cardinal_(Catholicism) (History)

If conditions change, so that the pope judges it safe to make the appointment public, he may do so at any time. The cardinal in question then ranks in precedence with those raised to the cardinalate at the time of his in pectore appointment. If a pope dies before revealing the identity of an in pectore cardinal, the cardinalate expires.

Q1: What happens if a Cardinal is named in pectore, and the pope dies?
A1: the cardinalate expires
Anti-aircraft_warfare (Warfare)

If current trends continue, missiles will replace gun systems completely in "first line" service.[citation needed] Guns are being increasingly pushed into specialist roles, such as the Dutch Goalkeeper CIWS, which uses the GAU-8 Avenger 30 mm seven-barrel Gatling gun for last ditch anti-missile and anti-aircraft defence. Even this formerly front-line weapon is currently being replaced by new missile systems, such as the RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile, which is smaller, faster, and allows for mid-flight course correction (guidance) to ensure a hit. To bridge the gap between guns and missiles, Russia in particular produces the Kashtan CIWS, which uses both guns and missiles for final defence. Two six-barrelled 30 mm Gsh-6-30 Gatling guns and 9M311 surface-to-air missiles provide for its defensive capabilities.

Q1: What is likely to entirely replace gun systems?
A1: missiles
Q2: What is being lead to specialty roles?
A2: Guns
Q3: What gun is used in the Dutch Goalkeeper CIWS?
A3: GAU-8 Avenger 30 mm seven-barrel Gatling gun
Q4: What RIM weapon permits mid-flight course adjustments?
A4: RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile
Q5: What weapon's system uses guns and missiles?
A5: Kashtan CIWS
Materialism (Philosophy and religion)

If matter and energy are seen as necessary to explain the physical world, but incapable of explaining mind, dualism results. Emergence, holism, and process philosophy seek to ameliorate the perceived shortcomings of traditional (especially mechanistic) materialism without abandoning materialism entirely.

Q1: What 3 types of philosophies attempt to correct the problem with matter and energy without removing every belief about materialism?
A1: Emergence, holism, and process philosophy
Near_East (Geography and places)

If the British Empire was now going to side with the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire had no choice but to cultivate a relationship with the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which was supported by the German Empire. In a few years these alignments became the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance (already formed in 1882), which were in part a cause of World War I. By its end in 1918 three empires were gone, a fourth was about to fall to revolution, and two more, the British and French, were forced to yield in revolutions started under the aegis of their own ideologies.

Q1: The Ottoman Empire had no choice but to develop their relationship with what country?
A1: Austro-Hungarian Empire
Q2: Who supported the Austro-Hungarian Empire?
A2: the German Empire
Q3: Who did the British Empire side with?
A3: the Russian Empire
Q4: The formation of the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance partly caused what?
A4: World War I
Q5: By what year were three empires gone? 
A5: 1918
Royal_assent (History)

If the Governor General of Canada is unable to give assent, it can be done by either the Deputy of the Governor General of Canada—the Chief Justice of Canada—or another justice of the Supreme Court of Canada. It is not actually necessary for the governor general to sign a bill passed by a legislature, the signature being merely an attestation. In each case, the parliament must be apprised of the granting of assent before the bill is considered to have become law. Two methods are available: the sovereign's representatives may grant assent in the presence of both houses of parliament; alternatively, each house may be notified separately, usually by the speaker of that house. However, though both houses must be notified on the same day, notice to the House of Commons while it is not in session may be given by way of publishing a special issue of the Journals of the House of Commons, whereas the Senate must be sitting and the governor general's letter read aloud by the speaker.

Q1: In the Canadian federal government, who is typically responsible for deciding wether to give assent?
A1: the Governor General of Canada
Q2: Which positions from the Canadian Supreme Court may also give assent if need be?
A2: Chief Justice of Canada—or another justice
Q3: Who has the capability of granting assent if the Governer General of Canada cannot?
A3: the Deputy of the Governor General of Canada—the Chief Justice of Canada—or another justice of the Supreme Court of Canada
Q4: How many methods are available to grant assent in Canada?
A4: Two
Q5: If each house of parliament is notified seperately, what regulation applies?
A5: both houses must be notified on the same day
Q6: How can the House of Commons be notified of assent if it is not in session?
A6: publishing a special issue of the Journals of the House of Commons
Q7: In contrast to the House of Commons, how must the Senate be notified of assent?
A7: governor general's letter read aloud by the speaker