LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Alps (Geography and places)

In the first half of the 20th century the Olympic Winter Games were held three times in Alpine venues: the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix, France; the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland; and the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. During World War II the winter games were canceled but after that time the Winter Games have been held in St. Moritz (1948), Cortina d'Ampezzo (1956), Innsbruck, Austria (1964 and 1976), Grenoble, France, (1968), Albertville, France, (1992), and Torino (2006). In 1930 the Lauberhorn Rennen (Lauberhorn Race), was run for the first time on the Lauberhorn above Wengen; the equally demanding Hahnenkamm was first run in the same year in Kitzbühl, Austria. Both races continue to be held each January on successive weekends. The Lauberhorn is the more strenuous downhill race at 4.5 km (2.8 mi) and poses danger to racers who reach 130 km/h (81 mph) within seconds of leaving the start gate.

Q1: Where were the Winter Olympics held in 1924?
A1: Chamonix, France
Q2: Where were the Winter Olympics held in 1928?
A2: St. Moritz, Switzerland
Q3: Where were the Winter Olympics held in 1936?
A3: Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
Q4: When was the Lauberhorn Rennen ran for the first time on the Lauberhorn above Wengen?
A4: 1930
Q5: When were the Winter Olympics held in Albertville, France? 
A5: (1992)
Brain (Natural sciences)

In the first half of the 20th century, advances in electronics enabled investigation of the electrical properties of nerve cells, culminating in work by Alan Hodgkin, Andrew Huxley, and others on the biophysics of the action potential, and the work of Bernard Katz and others on the electrochemistry of the synapse. These studies complemented the anatomical picture with a conception of the brain as a dynamic entity. Reflecting the new understanding, in 1942 Charles Sherrington visualized the workings of the brain waking from sleep:

Q1: Work in the first half the 20th century in electrical properties of nerve cells were by what two main scientists?
A1: Alan Hodgkin, Andrew Huxley
Elevator (History)

In the first half of the twentieth century, almost all elevators had no automatic positioning of the floor on which the cab would stop. Some of the older freight elevators were controlled by switches operated by pulling on adjacent ropes. In general, most elevators before WWII were manually controlled by elevator operators using a rheostat connected to the motor. This rheostat (see picture) was enclosed within a cylindrical container about the size and shape of a cake. This was mounted upright or sideways on the cab wall and operated via a projecting handle, which was able to slide around the top half of the cylinder.

Q1: Until the mid 1900s most elevators lacked what?
A1: automatic positioning of the floor on which the cab would stop
Q2:  Many earlier built  freight elevators were controlled by what?
A2: switches operated by pulling on adjacent ropes
Q3: How were most elevators built before 1939 powered? 
A3: by elevator operators using a rheostat connected to the motor
Q4: A rheostat is the size and shape of what?
A4: a cake
Q5: Where was the rheostat mounted?
A5: upright or sideways on the cab wall
Apollo (Philosophy and religion)

In the first large-scale depictions during the early archaic period (640–580 BC), the artists tried to draw one's attention to look into the interior of the face and the body which were not represented as lifeless masses, but as being full of life. The Greeks maintained, until late in their civilization, an almost animistic idea that the statues are in some sense alive. This embodies the belief that the image was somehow the god or man himself. A fine example is the statue of the Sacred gate Kouros which was found at the cemetery of Dipylon in Athens (Dipylon Kouros). The statue is the "thing in itself", and his slender face with the deep eyes express an intellectual eternity. According to the Greek tradition the Dipylon master was named Daedalus, and in his statues the limbs were freed from the body, giving the impression that the statues could move. It is considered that he created also the New York kouros, which is the oldest fully preserved statue of Kouros type, and seems to be the incarnation of the god himself.

Q1: The period between 640-580 BC was known as what?
A1: early archaic period
Q2: What was the name of the Dipylon master?
A2: Daedalus
Q3: Who created the New York kouros?
A3: Daedalus
American_Idol (Music)

In the first major change to the judging panel, a fourth judge, Kara DioGuardi, was introduced. This was also the first season without executive producer Nigel Lythgoe who left to focus on the international versions of his show So You Think You Can Dance. The Hollywood round was moved to the Kodak Theatre for 2009 and was also extended to two weeks. Idol Gives Back was canceled for this season due to the global recession at the time.

Q1: Who was brought in as a new judge during American Idols eighth season?
A1: Kara DioGuardi
Q2: How long did the Hollywood round air for in season eight of American Idol?
A2: two weeks
Q3: What show did Nigel Lythgoe leave American Idol to produce?
A3: So You Think You Can Dance
Q4: What venue hosted the Hollywood round on American Idol for the first time in 2009?
A4: the Kodak Theatre
Q5: Why did American Idol choose not to have its Idol Gives Back special in 2009?
A5: the global recession
Q6: How many judges were on the panel for this season?
A6: four
Q7: Which judge joined the panel?
A7: Kara DioGuardi
Q8: Nigel Lythgoe quit the show to focus on what other show?
A8: So You Think You Can Dance
Q9: Where was the Hollywood round moved to?
A9: Kodak Theatre
Q10: What was canceled for this year of Idol?
A10: Idol Gives Back
Josip_Broz_Tito (History)

In the first post war years Tito was widely considered a communist leader very loyal to Moscow, indeed, he was often viewed as second only to Stalin in the Eastern Bloc. In fact, Stalin and Tito had an uneasy alliance from the start, with Stalin considering Tito too independent.

Q1: Who was Tito considered loyal to?
A1: Moscow
Q2: Who was Tito considered second to in the Eastern bloc?
A2: Stalin
Q3: With whom did Tito have an uneasy alliance form the start?
A3: Stalin
Q4: Who considered Tito too independent?
A4: Stalin
Q5: Who was considered loyal to Moscow?
A5: Tito
Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union (History)

In the first session of the new Congress of People's Deputies, from May 25 to June 9, hardliners retained control but reformers used the legislature as a platform for debate and criticism – which was broadcast live and uncensored. This transfixed the population; nothing like this freewheeling debate had ever been witnessed in the U.S.S.R. On May 29, Yeltsin managed to secure a seat on the Supreme Soviet, and in the summer he formed the first opposition, the Inter-Regional Deputies Group, composed of Russian nationalists and liberals. Composing the final legislative group in the Soviet Union, those elected in 1989 played a vital part in reforms and the eventual breakup of the Soviet Union during the next two years.

Q1: Who used the legislative session to debate and criticize?
A1: reformers
Q2: Who made up the Inter-Regional Deputies Group?
A2: Russian nationalists and liberals.
Q3: When did Yeltsin acquire a seat on the Supreme Soviet?
A3: May 29
American_Idol (Music)

In the first three seasons, the semi-finalists were split into different groups to perform individually in their respective night. In season one, there were three groups of ten, with the top three contestants from each group making the finals. In seasons two and three, there were four groups of eight, and the top two of each selected. These seasons also featured a wildcard round, where contestants who failed to qualify were given another chance. In season one, only one wildcard contestant was chosen by the judges, giving a total of ten finalists. In seasons two and three, each of the three judges championed one contestant with the public advancing a fourth into the finals, making 12 finalists in all.

Q1: How many finalists were there on the first season of American Idol?
A1: ten
Q2: What is the name of the round that gives failed contestants another chance?
A2: wildcard
Q3: How were the semi-finalists split up to perform in season one?
A3: three groups of ten
Q4: How were the semi-finalists split up to perform in seasons two and three?
A4: four groups of eight
Q5: When did the wildcard round become a factor?
A5: season one
Q6: How many finalists were chosen for season one?
A6: ten
Q7: How many finalists made it to the finals for seasons two and three?
A7: 12
Idealism (Philosophy and religion)

In the first volume of his Parerga and Paralipomena, Schopenhauer wrote his "Sketch of a History of the Doctrine of the Ideal and the Real". He defined the ideal as being mental pictures that constitute subjective knowledge. The ideal, for him, is what can be attributed to our own minds. The images in our head are what comprise the ideal. Schopenhauer emphasized that we are restricted to our own consciousness. The world that appears is only a representation or mental picture of objects. We directly and immediately know only representations. All objects that are external to the mind are known indirectly through the mediation of our mind. He offered a history of the concept of the "ideal" as "ideational" or "existing in the mind as an image".

Q1: Who wrote Parerga and Paralipomena?
A1: Schopenhauer
Q2: According to Schopenhauer, to what can the ideal be attributed?
A2: our own minds
Q3: What did Schopenhauer believe we were restricted to?
A3: our own consciousness
Q4: What did Schopenhauer believe were the only things we could know?
A4: representations
Q5: What type of knowledge did Schopenhauer believe the ideal to be?
A5: subjective
Portugal (Geography and places)

In the first week of May 2013, Prime Minister Passos Coelho announced a significant government plan for the public sector, whereby 30,000 jobs will be cut and the number of weekly working hours will be increased from 35 to 40 hours. Coelho reaffirmed the announcement by explaining that austerity measures are necessary if Portugal seeks to avoid another monetary bailout grant from the European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund—the overall plan intends to enact further cuts of €4.8 billion over a three-year period.

Q1: Who was the Portugal Prime Minister in 2013?
A1: Passos Coelho
Q2: What did the Prime Minister announce during the first week of May in 2013?
A2: significant government plan for the public sector, whereby 30,000 jobs will be cut and the number of weekly working hours will be increased from 35 to 40 hours
Q3: For what reason did Prime Minister Passos Coelho justify cutting 30000 jobs?
A3: austerity measures are necessary if Portugal seeks to avoid another monetary bailout grant
Q4: From which entities did Portugal seek a monetary bailout from?
A4: European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund
Pub (History)

In the first year, 400 beer houses opened and within eight years there were 46,000 across the country, far outnumbering the combined total of long-established taverns, pubs, inns and hotels. Because it was so easy to obtain permission and the profits could be huge compared to the low cost of gaining permission, the number of beer houses was continuing to rise and in some towns nearly every other house in a street could be a beer house. Finally in 1869 the growth had to be checked by magisterial control and new licensing laws were introduced. Only then was it made harder to get a licence, and the licensing laws which operate today were formulated.

Q1: How many beer houses opened their doors in the inaugural year of the Beer Act?
A1: 400
Q2: How many beer houses existed throughout Britain eight years after the passage of the Beer Act?
A2: 46,000
Q3: In what year were additional licensing laws introduced for beer houses?
A3: 1869
Dutch_Republic (History)

In the first years of the Republic, controversy arose within the Reformed Church, mainly around the subject of predestination. This has become known as the struggle between Arminianism and Gomarism, or between Remonstrants and Contra-Remonstrants. In 1618 the Synod of Dort tackled this issue, which led to the banning of the Remonstrant faith.

Q1: What was the main subject of controversy that arose within the Reformed Church during the beginning of the Republic?
A1: predestination
Q2: The controversy surrounding the subject of predestination is known as what?
A2: the struggle between Arminianism and Gomarism, or between Remonstrants and Contra-Remonstrants
Q3: What led to the banning of the Remonstrant faith in 1618?
A3: the Synod of Dort
Westminster_Abbey (Art and architecture)

In the floor, just inside the great west door, in the centre of the nave, is the tomb of The Unknown Warrior, an unidentified British soldier killed on a European battlefield during the First World War. He was buried in the abbey on 11 November 1920. This grave is the only one in the abbey on which it is forbidden to walk.[citation needed]

Q1: When was The Unknown Warrior buried?
A1: 11 November 1920
Mosaic (Art and architecture)

In the following century Ravenna, the capital of the Western Roman Empire, became the center of late Roman mosaic art (see details in Ravenna section). Milan also served as the capital of the western empire in the 4th century. In the St Aquilinus Chapel of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, mosaics executed in the late 4th and early 5th centuries depict Christ with the Apostles and the Abduction of Elijah; these mosaics are outstanding for their bright colors, naturalism and adherence to the classical canons of order and proportion. The surviving apse mosaic of the Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio, which shows Christ enthroned between Saint Gervasius and Saint Protasius and angels before a golden background date back to the 5th and to the 8th century, although it was restored many times later. The baptistery of the basilica, which was demolished in the 15th century, had a vault covered with gold-leaf tesserae, large quantities of which were found when the site was excavated. In the small shrine of San Vittore in ciel d'oro, now a chapel of Sant'Ambrogio, every surface is covered with mosaics from the second half of the 5th century. Saint Victor is depicted in the center of the golden dome, while figures of saints are shown on the walls before a blue background. The low spandrels give space for the symbols of the four Evangelists.

Q1: Which city besides Ravenna served as the capital of the Western Roman Empire?
A1: Milan
Q2: What is the name of the mosaic in the Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio?
A2: apse
Q3: The shrine of San Vittore in ciel d'oro had mosaics from which century?
A3: the 5th century
Q4: Who do the mosaics at the the basilica of San Lorenzo depict as being abducted?
A4: Elijah
Q5: When was the baptistry at the Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio demolished?
A5: the 15th century
East_India_Company (History)

In the following decades there was a constant battle between the company lobby and the Parliament. The company sought a permanent establishment, while the Parliament would not willingly allow it greater autonomy and so relinquish the opportunity to exploit the company's profits. In 1712, another act renewed the status of the company, though the debts were repaid. By 1720, 15% of British imports were from India, almost all passing through the company, which reasserted the influence of the company lobby. The licence was prolonged until 1766 by yet another act in 1730.

Q1: in 1720 what % of  import goods were from India? 
A1: 15%
Q2: Who passed the acts that effected the profits of East india company
A2: Parliament
Q3: Who argued against parliament on the trade issue that involded the East India Company
A3: company lobby
War_on_Terror (History)

In the following months, NATO took a wide range of measures to respond to the threat of terrorism. On 22 November 2002, the member states of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) decided on a Partnership Action Plan against Terrorism, which explicitly states, "EAPC States are committed to the protection and promotion of fundamental freedoms and human rights, as well as the rule of law, in combating terrorism." NATO started naval operations in the Mediterranean Sea designed to prevent the movement of terrorists or weapons of mass destruction as well as to enhance the security of shipping in general called Operation Active Endeavour.

Q1: Who declared the Partnership Action Plan against Terrorism?
A1: member states of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council
Q2: When was the Partnership Action Plan against Terrorism announced?
A2: 22 November 2002
Q3: Where did NATO begin naval operations after 2002?
A3: the Mediterranean Sea
Q4: What was NATO's operation in the Mediterranean called?
A4: Operation Active Endeavour
Chicago_Cubs (Sports and recreation)

In the following two decades after Sianis' ill will, the Cubs played mostly forgettable baseball, finishing among the worst teams in the National League on an almost annual basis. Longtime infielder/manager Phil Cavarretta, who had been a key player during the '45 season, was fired during spring training in 1954 after admitting the team was unlikely to finish above fifth place. Although shortstop Ernie Banks would become one of the star players in the league during the next decade, finding help for him proved a difficult task, as quality players such as Hank Sauer were few and far between. This, combined with poor ownership decisions such as the College of Coaches, and the ill-fated trade of future Hall of Famer Lou Brock to the Cardinals for pitcher Ernie Broglio (who won only 7 games over the next three seasons), hampered on-field performance.

Q1: Who had been a key player in the 1945 season?
A1: Phil Cavarretta
Q2: What season was Phil Cavarretta a key player for the Cubs?
A2: the '45 season
Q3: Who was fired during spring training in 1954 after admitting the Cubs were unlikely to finish above fifth place?
A3: Phil Cavarretta
Alexander_Graham_Bell (Engineering and technology)

In the following year, Bell became professor of Vocal Physiology and Elocution at the Boston University School of Oratory. During this period, he alternated between Boston and Brantford, spending summers in his Canadian home. At Boston University, Bell was "swept up" by the excitement engendered by the many scientists and inventors residing in the city. He continued his research in sound and endeavored to find a way to transmit musical notes and articulate speech, but although absorbed by his experiments, he found it difficult to devote enough time to experimentation. While days and evenings were occupied by his teaching and private classes, Bell began to stay awake late into the night, running experiment after experiment in rented facilities at his boarding house. Keeping "night owl" hours, he worried that his work would be discovered and took great pains to lock up his notebooks and laboratory equipment. Bell had a specially made table where he could place his notes and equipment inside a locking cover. Worse still, his health deteriorated as he suffered severe headaches. Returning to Boston in fall 1873, Bell made a fateful decision to concentrate on his experiments in sound.

Q1: With what school did Bell get his next teaching job?
A1: Boston University School of Oratory.
Q2: What was Bell's discipline?
A2: Vocal Physiology and Elocution
Q3: What did Bell do late at night?
A3: experiments
Q4: What health condition did Bell start to have?
A4: headaches
Q5: In what year did Bell start to focus on research into sound?
A5: 1873
Railway_electrification_system (Engineering and technology)

In the former Soviet Union, electric traction eventually became somewhat more energy-efficient than diesel. Partly due to inefficient generation of electricity in the USSR (only 20.8% thermal efficiency in 1950 vs. 36.2% in 1975), in 1950 diesel traction was about twice as energy efficient as electric traction (in terms of net tonne-km of freight per kg of fuel). But as efficiency of electricity generation (and thus of electric traction) improved, by about 1965 electric railways became more efficient than diesel. After the mid 1970s electrics used about 25% less fuel per ton-km. However diesels were mainly used on single track lines with a fair amount of traffic  so that the lower fuel consumption of electrics may be in part due to better operating conditions on electrified lines (such as double tracking) rather than inherent energy efficiency. Nevertheless, the cost of diesel fuel was about 1.5 times more (per unit of heat energy content) than that of the fuel used in electric power plants (that generated electricity), thus making electric railways even more energy-cost effective.

Q1: What type of trains became more energy-efficient in the former Soviet Union?
A1: electric
Q2: What year could be marked as year when electric railways more efficient than diesel ones?
A2: 1965
Q3: How much fuel did electric train used less than diesel in the middle of 1970 in USSR?
A3: 25% less fuel per ton-km
Q4: What could be a factor of lower energy consumption for electric trains?
A4: better operating conditions on electrified lines
Q5: How much more expensive was diesel compare to electricity per unit?
A5: 1.5 times more (per unit of heat energy content
John_Kerry (Warfare)

In the general election, Kerry was initially favored to defeat the Republican candidate, former State Representative Paul W. Cronin, and conservative Democrat Roger P. Durkin, who ran as an Independent. A week after the primary, one poll put Kerry 26-points ahead of Cronin. His campaign called for a national health insurance system, discounted prescription drugs for the unemployed, a jobs programme to clean up the Merrimack River and rent controls in Lowell and Lawrence. A major obstacle, however, was the district's leading newspaper, the conservative The Sun. The paper editorialized against him. It also ran critical news stories about his out-of-state contributions and his "carpetbagging", because he had only moved into the district in April. Subsequently released "Watergate" Oval Office tape recordings of the Nixon White House showed that defeating Kerry's candidacy had attracted the personal attention of President Nixon. Kerry himself asserts that Nixon sent operatives to Lowell to help derail his campaign.

Q1: What party did Durkin run as?
A1: Independent
Q2: How far ahead of Cronin did Kerry poll?
A2: 26-points
Q3: What slant did The Sun have?
A3: conservative
Q4: Who did Kerry say tried to stop his campaign?
A4: President Nixon
Q5: How did Kerry want to create jobs?
A5: a jobs programme to clean up the Merrimack River
Dwight_D._Eisenhower (History)

In the general election, against the advice of his advisors, Eisenhower insisted on campaigning in the South, refusing to surrender the region to the Democratic Party. The campaign strategy, dubbed "K1C2", was to focus on attacking the Truman and Roosevelt administrations on three issues: Korea, Communism and corruption. In an effort to accommodate the right, he stressed that the liberation of Eastern Europe should be by peaceful means only; he also distanced himself from his former boss President Truman.

Q1: In what part of the country, previously neglected by Republican presidential candidates, did Eisenhower campaign?
A1: South
Q2: Along with Korea and Communism, what issue did Eisenhower attack Truman on?
A2: corruption
Q3: What was the strategy called that was used by Eisenhower's campaign?
A3: K1C2
Q4: How did Eisenhower claim Eastern Europe should be liberated?
A4: peaceful means