LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
New_York_City (Geography and places)

In 1898, the modern City of New York was formed with the consolidation of Brooklyn (until then a separate city), the County of New York (which then included parts of the Bronx), the County of Richmond, and the western portion of the County of Queens. The opening of the subway in 1904, first built as separate private systems, helped bind the new city together. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, the city became a world center for industry, commerce, and communication.

Q1: In what year was the modern City of New York founded?
A1: 1898
Q2: In what year did the subway begin operation?
A2: 1904
Q3: Portions of what modern-day borough were included in the County of New York?
A3: the Bronx
Q4: The subway of New York was first available in what year?
A4: 1904
North_Carolina (Geography and places)

In 1899 the state legislature passed a new constitution, with requirements for poll taxes and literacy tests for voter registration which disfranchised most black Americans in the state. Exclusion from voting had wide effects: it meant that black Americans could not serve on juries or in any local office. After a decade of white supremacy, many people forgot that North Carolina had ever had thriving middle-class black Americans. Black citizens had no political voice in the state until after the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 were passed to enforce their constitutional rights. It was not until 1992 that another African American was elected as a US Representative from North Carolina.

Q1: What did the NC state legislature pass in 1899?
A1: a new constitution
Q2: What type of taxes were required by the new NC constitution?
A2: poll taxes
Q3: What did the new constitution require for voter registration?
A3: literacy tests
Q4: Being excluded from doing what, made it so that black people could not serve on juries or in public office?
A4: voting
Q5: What year was the Federal Civil Rights Act?
A5: 1964
Labour_Party_(UK) (Geography and places)

In 1899, a Doncaster member of the Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants, Thomas R. Steels, proposed in his union branch that the Trade Union Congress call a special conference to bring together all left-wing organisations and form them into a single body that would sponsor Parliamentary candidates. The motion was passed at all stages by the TUC, and the proposed conference was held at the Memorial Hall on Farringdon Street on 26 and 27 February 1900. The meeting was attended by a broad spectrum of working-class and left-wing organisations — trades unions represented about one third of the membership of the TUC delegates.

Q1: What year did Thomas R. Steels propose the single body union branch?
A1: 1899
Q2: Where was Thomas R. Steels a member?
A2: Doncaster
Q3: WHere was the proposed conference held?
A3: Memorial Hall
Guam (Geography and places)

In 1899, the local postage stamps were overprinted "Guam" as was done for the other former Spanish colonies, but this was discontinued shortly thereafter and regular U.S. postage stamps have been used ever since. Because Guam is also part of the U.S. Postal System (postal abbreviation: GU, ZIP code range: 96910–96932), mail to Guam from the U.S. mainland is considered domestic and no additional charges are required. Private shipping companies, such as FedEx, UPS, and DHL, however, have no obligation to do so, and do not regard Guam as domestic.

Q1: In what year was the local postage stamp overprinted and has since been replaced?
A1: 1899
Q2: What type of postal service does Guam currently have today?
A2: U.S. postage
Q3: What is the current Zip Code range in Guam?
A3: 96910–96932
Q4: Which three major companies do not consider Guam as domestic when shipping is involved?
A4: FedEx, UPS, and DHL
The_Bronx (Geography and places)

In 1899, the memorial, by the Berlin sculptor Ernst Gustav Herter (1846–1917), finally came to rest, although subject to repeated vandalism, in the Bronx, at 164th Street and the Grand Concourse, or Joyce Kilmer Park near today's Yankee Stadium. (In 1999, it was moved to 161st Street and the Concourse.) In 2007, Christopher Gray of The New York Times described it as "a writhing composition in white Tyrolean marble depicting Lorelei, the mythical German figure, surrounded by mermaids, dolphins and seashells."

Q1: When did Herter die?
A1: 1917
Q2: When was Herter born?
A2: 1846
Q3: What was Herter's career?
A3: sculptor
Q4: Where was Herter's Heine memorial placed in 1899?
A4: 164th Street and the Grand Concourse, or Joyce Kilmer Park
Q5: Where was Herter's Heine memorial moved in 1999?
A5: 161st Street and the Concourse
Washington_University_in_St._Louis (Geography and places)

In 1899, the university opened a national design contest for the new campus. The renowned Philadelphia firm Cope & Stewardson won unanimously with its plan for a row of Collegiate Gothic quadrangles inspired by Oxford and Cambridge Universities. The cornerstone of the first building, Busch Hall, was laid on October 20, 1900. The construction of Brookings Hall, Ridgley, and Cupples began shortly thereafter. The school delayed occupying these buildings until 1905 to accommodate the 1904 World's Fair and Olympics. The delay allowed the university to construct ten buildings instead of the seven originally planned. This original cluster of buildings set a precedent for the development of the Danforth Campus; Cope & Stewardson’s original plan and its choice of building materials have, with few exceptions, guided the construction and expansion of the Danforth Campus to the present day.

Q1: When did Washington University hold a national design contest for the new campus?
A1: 1899
Q2: What firm won the Washington University national design contest?
A2: Cope & Stewardson
Q3: When was the cornerstone laid for Busch Hall?
A3: October 20, 1900
Q4: What were the names of the three buildings constructed after Busch Hall?
A4: Brookings Hall, Ridgley, and Cupples
Q5: Why did Washington University delay occupying of the new campus buildings until 1905?
A5: to accommodate the 1904 World's Fair and Olympics
Houston (History)

In 1900, after Galveston was struck by a devastating hurricane, efforts to make Houston into a viable deep-water port were accelerated. The following year, oil discovered at the Spindletop oil field near Beaumont prompted the development of the Texas petroleum industry. In 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt approved a $1 million improvement project for the Houston Ship Channel. By 1910 the city's population had reached 78,800, almost doubling from a decade before. African-Americans formed a large part of the city's population, numbering 23,929 people, or nearly one-third of the residents.

Q1: What event caused an increase in effort to promote the Houston port?
A1: hurricane
Q2: Where was oil found that promoted the development of the oil industry in Houston?
A2: Spindletop
Q3: Near what Texas city is the Spindletop oil field located?
A3: Beaumont
Q4: Who approved the improvement project for the Houston ship channel?
A4: President Theodore Roosevelt
Q5: In what year did Houston's population reach 78,000?
A5: 1910
Buckingham_Palace (Art and architecture)

In 1901 the accession of Edward VII saw new life breathed into the palace. The new King and his wife Queen Alexandra had always been at the forefront of London high society, and their friends, known as "the Marlborough House Set", were considered to be the most eminent and fashionable of the age. Buckingham Palace—the Ballroom, Grand Entrance, Marble Hall, Grand Staircase, vestibules and galleries redecorated in the Belle époque cream and gold colour scheme they retain today—once again became a setting for entertaining on a majestic scale but leaving some to feel King Edward's heavy redecorations were at odds with Nash's original work.

Q1: In what year did Edward VII ascend to the throne?
A1: 1901
Q2: Kind Edward VII and Queen Alexandra's friends were know as what?
A2: "the Marlborough House Set"
Q3: Some thought that King Edward VII's redecoration choices were at odds with whose prior work?
A3: Nash's
Q4: Which king commissioned massive redecoration in the Belle Epoque cream and gold color scheme?
A4: King Edward
Q5: What were the group of friends of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra called?
A5: the Marlborough House Set
Q6: What was at odds with Nash's original work in the palace?
A6: King Edward's heavy redecorations
Q7: When did King Edward VII take the throne?
A7: 1901
Q8: What colors were used in the redecorations overseen by King Edward VII?
A8: Belle époque cream and gold
Gramophone_record (Music)

In 1901, 10-inch disc records were introduced, followed in 1903 by 12-inch records. These could play for more than three and four minutes respectively, while contemporary cylinders could only play for about two minutes. In an attempt to head off the disc advantage, Edison introduced the Amberol cylinder in 1909, with a maximum playing time of 4½ minutes (at 160 rpm), which in turn were superseded by Blue Amberol Records, which had a playing surface made of celluloid, a plastic, which was far less fragile. Despite these improvements, during the 1910s discs decisively won this early format war, although Edison continued to produce new Blue Amberol cylinders for an ever-dwindling customer base until late in 1929. By 1919 the basic patents for the manufacture of lateral-cut disc records had expired, opening the field for countless companies to produce them. Analog disc records would dominate the home entertainment market until they were outsold by the digital compact disc in the late 1980s (which was in turn supplanted by digital audio recordings distributed via online music stores and Internet file sharing).

Q1: What was the name of the discs Edison introduced in 1909?
A1: Blue Amberol cylinders
Q2: What year did the patent for lateral cut discs expire?
A2: 1919
Q3: What format dominated the market in the late 1980s?
A3: digital compact disc
Q4: What disc format was the least fragile prior to 1919?
A4: Amberol cylinder
Q5: What was the playing surface of the blue amerbol cylinder discs made of?
A5: celluloid
Modern_history (Philosophy and religion)

In 1901, the Federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British self-governing colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia formed one nation. They kept the systems of government that they had developed as separate colonies but also would have a federal government that was responsible for matters concerning the whole nation. When the Constitution of Australia came into force, the colonies collectively became states of the Commonwealth of Australia.

Q1: What is the federation of Australia?
A1: six separate British self-governing colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia formed one nation.
Q2: What was the federal Government responsible for? 
A2: matters concerning the whole nation.
Q3: When did the colonies collectively become a part of the Commonwealth  of Australia?
A3: When the Constitution of Australia came into force
Chicago_Cubs (Sports and recreation)

In 1902, Spalding, who by this time had revamped the roster to boast what would soon be one of the best teams of the early century, sold the club to Jim Hart. The franchise was nicknamed the Cubs by the Chicago Daily News in 1902, although not officially becoming the Chicago Cubs until the 1907 season. During this period, which has become known as baseball's dead-ball era, Cub infielders Joe Tinker, Johnny Evers, and Frank Chance were made famous as a double-play combination by Franklin P. Adams' poem Baseball's Sad Lexicon. The poem first appeared in the July 18, 1910 edition of the New York Evening Mail. Mordecai "Three-Finger" Brown, Jack Taylor, Ed Reulbach, Jack Pfiester, and Orval Overall were several key pitchers for the Cubs during this time period. With Chance acting as player-manager from 1905 to 1912, the Cubs won four pennants and two World Series titles over a five-year span. Although they fell to the "Hitless Wonders" White Sox in the 1906 World Series, the Cubs recorded a record 116 victories and the best winning percentage (.763) in Major League history. With mostly the same roster, Chicago won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first Major League club to play three times in the Fall Classic and the first to win it twice. However, the Cubs have not won a World Series since; this remains the longest championship drought in North American professional sports.

Q1: Who did Spalding sell the Cubs to in 1902?
A1: Jim Hart
Q2: Who nicknamed the franchise the Cubs in 1902?
A2: Chicago Daily News
Q3: Who wrote the poem Baseball's Sad Lexicon?
A3: Franklin P. Adams
Q4: Who holds the longest championship drought in North American professional sports?
A4: the Cubs
Incandescent_light_bulb (Engineering and technology)

In 1902, the Siemens company developed a tantalum lamp filament. These lamps were more efficient than even graphitized carbon filaments and could operate at higher temperatures. Since tantalum metal has a lower resistivity than carbon, the tantalum lamp filament was quite long and required multiple internal supports. The metal filament had the property of gradually shortening in use; the filaments were installed with large loops that tightened in use. This made lamps in use for several hundred hours quite fragile. Metal filaments had the property of breaking and re-welding, though this would usually decrease resistance and shorten the life of the filament. General Electric bought the rights to use tantalum filaments and produced them in the US until 1913.

Q1: What company invented the tantalum light filament?
A1: Siemens
Q2: In what year was the tantalum light filament invented?
A2: 1902
Q3: What were the major advantages of the tantalum light filament?
A3: These lamps were more efficient than even graphitized carbon filaments and could operate at higher temperatures.
Q4: Who purchased the rights to the tantalum light filament from Siemens?
A4: General Electric
Q5: When did GE cease production of the tantalum light filament?
A5: 1913
Pharmaceutical_industry (Natural sciences)

In 1903 Hermann Emil Fischer and Joseph von Mering disclosed their discovery that diethylbarbituric acid, formed from the reaction of diethylmalonic acid, phosphorus oxychloride and urea, induces sleep in dogs. The discovery was patented and licensed to Bayer pharmaceuticals, which marketed the compound under the trade name Veronal as a sleep aid beginning in 1904. Systematic investigations of the effect of structural changes on potency and duration of action led to the discovery of phenobarbital at Bayer in 1911 and the discovery of its potent anti-epileptic activity in 1912. Phenobarbital was among the most widely used drugs for the treatment of epilepsy through the 1970s, and as of 2014, remains on the World Health Organizations list of essential medications. The 1950s and 1960s saw increased awareness of the addictive properties and abuse potential of barbiturates and amphetamines and led to increasing restrictions on their use and growing government oversight of prescribers. Today, amphetamine is largely restricted to use in the treatment of attention deficit disorder and phenobarbital in the treatment of epilepsy.

Q1: What is phenobarbital used for?
A1: epilepsy
Q2: What sleep aid was marketed in 1904?
A2: Veronal
Q3: What is amphetamine used for today?
A3: attention deficit disorder
Q4: Why was barbiturates and amphetamines restricted?
A4: addictive properties and abuse potential
Q5: Who discovered a reaction that induced sleep in dogs?
A5: Hermann Emil Fischer and Joseph von Mering
Q6: What compound was discovered to induce sleep?
A6: diethylbarbituric acid
Q7: What was the first trade name of diethylbarbituric acid?
A7: Veronal
Q8: What is phenobarbital mainly used to treat today?
A8: epilepsy
Q9: In what year was phenobarbital discovered?
A9: 1911
Q10: What was Veronal used for when Bayer put it on the market?
A10: sleep aid
Brigham_Young_University (Philosophy and religion)

In 1903, Brigham Young Academy was dissolved, and was replaced by two institutions: Brigham Young High School, and Brigham Young University. (The BY High School class of 1907 was ultimately responsible for the famous giant "Y" that is to this day embedded on a mountain near campus.) The Board elected George H. Brimhall as the new President of BYU. He had not received a high school education until he was forty. Nevertheless, he was an excellent orator and organizer. Under his tenure in 1904 the new Brigham Young University bought 17 acres (69,000 m2) of land from Provo called "Temple Hill". After some controversy among locals over BYU's purchase of this property, construction began in 1909 on the first building on the current campus, the Karl G. Maeser Memorial. Brimhall also presided over the University during a brief crisis involving the theory of evolution. The religious nature of the school seemed at the time to collide with this scientific theory. Joseph F. Smith, LDS Church president, settled the question for a time by asking that evolution not be taught at the school. A few have described the school at this time as nothing more than a "religious seminary". However, many of its graduates at this time would go on to great success and become well renowned in their fields.

Q1: In what year was Brigham Young Academy split into two separate schools?
A1: 1903
Q2: What was the name of the land purchased by BYU in 1904?
A2: Temple Hill
Q3: How old was George H. Brimhall when he completed High School?
A3: forty
Q4: What topic was excluded from being taught at BYU?
A4: evolution
Q5: Who was chosen to head BYU?
A5: George H. Brimhall
Q6: In 1903, which two institutions was Brigham Young Univesity replaced with?
A6: Brigham Young High School, and Brigham Young University
Q7: Who we responsible for the giant "Y" that is embedded on a mountain near the campus?
A7: BY High School class of 1907
Q8: At what age did BYU's elected president in 1904, George H. Brimhall, receive his high school education?
A8: forty
Q9: What brief crisis rose in the school at the time of Brimhall's presidency that caused the crises' theory to not be taught for a time?
A9: the theory of evolution
Q10: What property was George Brimhall responsible for purchasing for the campus?
A10: Temple Hill
Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey (Geography and places)

In 1903, Josiah White III bought a parcel of land near Ohio Avenue and the boardwalk and built the Queen Anne style Marlborough House. The hotel was a hit and, in 1905–06, he chose to expand the hotel and bought another parcel of land next door to his Marlborough House. In an effort to make his new hotel a source of conversation, White hired the architectural firm of Price and McLanahan. The firm made use of reinforced concrete, a new building material invented by Jean-Louis Lambot in 1848 (Joseph Monier received the patent in 1867). The hotel's Spanish and Moorish themes, capped off with its signature dome and chimneys, represented a step forward from other hotels that had a classically designed influence. White named the new hotel the Blenheim and merged the two hotels into the Marlborough-Blenheim. Bally's Atlantic City was later constructed at this location.

Q1: In what year did Josiah White III by land to build a hotel?
A1: 1903
Q2: What was the name of the hotel built by Josiah White III?
A2: Marlborough House
Q3: In what style was the Malborough House buit?
A3: Queen Anne
Q4: In what year was reinforced concrete invented?
A4: 1848
Q5: What was the name of the second hotel built by Josiah White III?
A5: Blenheim
Swaziland (Geography and places)

In 1903, after British victory in the Anglo-Boer war, Swaziland became a British protectorate. Much of its early administration (for example, postal services) being carried out from South Africa until 1906 when the Transvaal colony was granted self-government. Following this, Swaziland was partitioned into European and non-European (or native reserves) areas with the former being two-thirds of the total land. Sobhuza's official coronation was in December 1921 after the regency of Labotsibeni after which he led an unsuccessful deputation to the Privy council in London in 1922 regarding the issue of the land.

Q1: In what year did the British take Swaziland on as a protectorate? 
A1: 1903
Q2: What 1903 conflict involving the British caused Swaziland to become a protectorate?
A2: Anglo-Boer war
Q3: In what year was Swaziland given self governance? 
A3: 1906
Q4: How much of Swaziland did the European area contain after the portioning?
A4: two-thirds of the total land
Q5: When was Sobhuza coronated?
A5: December 1921
Tibet (Geography and places)

In 1904, a British expedition to Tibet, spurred in part by a fear that Russia was extending its power into Tibet as part of The Great Game, invaded the country, hoping that negotiations with the 13th Dalai Lama would be more effective than with Chinese representatives. When the British-led invasion reached Tibet on December 12, 1903, an armed confrontation with the ethnic Tibetans resulted in the Massacre of Chumik Shenko, which resulted in 600 fatalities amongst the Tibetan forces, compared to only 12 on the British side. Afterwards, in 1904 Francis Younghusband imposed a treaty known as the Treaty of Lhasa, which was subsequently repudiated and was succeeded by a 1906 treaty signed between Britain and China.

Q1: When did a British expedition to Tibet invade the country?
A1: 1904
Q2: With whom were the British hopeing to negotiate?
A2: 13th Dalai Lama
Q3: How many Tibetan troops died at the Massacre of Chumik Shenko?
A3: 600
Q4: How many British troops died at the Massacre of Chumik Shenko?
A4: 12
Q5: Who imposed the Treaty of Lhasa?
A5: Francis Younghusband
New_York_City (Geography and places)

In 1904, the steamship General Slocum caught fire in the East River, killing 1,021 people on board. In 1911, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, the city's worst industrial disaster, took the lives of 146 garment workers and spurred the growth of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union and major improvements in factory safety standards.

Q1: In what year did the General Slocum disaster occur?
A1: 1904
Q2: How many people died on the General Slocum?
A2: 1,021
Q3: In what building did the city's deadliest industrial disaster occur?
A3: Triangle Shirtwaist Factory
Q4: How many people died in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire?
A4: 146
Q5: The growth of what organization was prompted by the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire?
A5: International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union
Q6: A catastrophe in 1911 that killed 146 workers was called what?
A6: Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire