LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Alexander_Graham_Bell (Engineering and technology)

By 1885, a new summer retreat was contemplated. That summer, the Bells had a vacation on Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia, spending time at the small village of Baddeck. Returning in 1886, Bell started building an estate on a point across from Baddeck, overlooking Bras d'Or Lake. By 1889, a large house, christened The Lodge was completed and two years later, a larger complex of buildings, including a new laboratory, were begun that the Bells would name Beinn Bhreagh (Gaelic: beautiful mountain) after Bell's ancestral Scottish highlands.[N 21] Bell also built the Bell Boatyard on the estate, employing up to 40 people building experimental craft as well as wartime lifeboats and workboats for the Royal Canadian Navy and pleasure craft for the Bell family. An enthusiastic boater, Bell and his family sailed or rowed a long series of vessels on Bras d'Or Lake, ordering additional vessels from the H.W. Embree and Sons boatyard in Port Hawkesbury, Nova Scotia. In his final, and some of his most productive years, Bell split his residency between Washington, D.C., where he and his family initially resided for most of the year, and at Beinn Bhreagh where they spent increasing amounts of time.

Q1: What Island in Nova Scotia did the Bells go to in 1885?
A1: Breton Island
Q2: In 1886, what lake did Bell start building a house near?
A2: Bras d'Or
Q3: What did the Bells call the house completed in 1889?
A3: The Lodge
Q4: How many people worked for the Bell Boatyard?
A4: 40
Tucson,_Arizona (Geography and places)

By 1900, 7,531 people lived in the city. The population increased gradually to 13,913 in 1910. At about this time, the U.S. Veterans Administration had begun construction on the present Veterans Hospital. Many veterans who had been gassed in World War I and were in need of respiratory therapy began coming to Tucson after the war, due to the clean dry air. Over the following years the city continued to grow, with the population increasing to 20,292 in 1920 and 36,818 in 1940. In 2006 the population of Pima County, in which Tucson is located, passed one million while the City of Tucson's population was 535,000.

Q1: What county is Tuscon located in?
A1: Pima County
Q2: What was the population of Tuscon in 2006?
A2: 535,000
Q3: what were veterans in need of after World War I?
A3: respiratory therapy
Q4: What did the U.S. Veterans Administration build around 1910?
A4: Veterans Hospital
Q5: What was the population of Tuscon in 1940?
A5: 36,818
Q6: What was Tucson's population in 1900?
A6: 7,531
Q7: What was Tucson's population in 1910?
A7: 13,913
Q8: What was Tucson's population in 1920?
A8: 20,292
Q9: What was Tucson's population in 1940?
A9: 36,818
Q10: What was Tucson's population in 2006?
A10: 535,000
Near_East (Geography and places)

By 1916, when millions of Europeans were becoming casualties of imperial war in the trenches of eastern and western Europe over "the eastern question," Arnold J. Toynbee, Hegelesque historian of civilization at large, was becoming metaphysical about the Near East. Geography alone was not a sufficient explanation of the terms, he believed. If the Ottoman Empire had been a sick man, then:

Q1: What year was Arnold J toynbee becoming metaphysical about the Near East?
A1: 1916
Q2: Who was the Hegelesque historian of civilization?
A2: Arnold J. Toynbee
Q3: Arnold J Toynbee believed what?
A3: Geography alone was not a sufficient explanation of the terms
Pacific_War (History)

By 1937, Japan controlled Manchuria and was ready to move deeper into China. The Marco Polo Bridge Incident on 7 July 1937 provoked full-scale war between China and Japan. The Nationalist and Communist Chinese suspended their civil war to form a nominal alliance against Japan, and the Soviet Union quickly lent support by providing large amount of materiel to Chinese troops. In August 1937, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek deployed his best army to fight about 300,000 Japanese troops in Shanghai, but, after three months of fighting, Shanghai fell. The Japanese continued to push the Chinese forces back, capturing the capital Nanking in December 1937 and committed which was known as Nanking Massacre. In March 1938, Nationalist forces won their first victory at Taierzhuang. but then the city of Xuzhou was taken by Japanese in May. In June 1938, Japan deployed about 350,000 troops to invade Wuhan and captured it in October. The Japanese achieved major military victories, but world opinion—in particular in the United States—condemned Japan, especially after the Panay Incident.

Q1: What incident occured on July 7, 1937?
A1: Marco Polo Bridge Incident
Q2: Who supplied assistance to the Chinese military?
A2: Soviet Union
Q3: When did the Nanking Massacre occur?
A3: December 1937
Q4: Where was the first Nationalist victory?
A4: Taierzhuang
Q5: How did people around the world react to Japan's Panay Incident?
A5: condemned
Q6: When was the Marco Polo Bridge Incident?
A6: 7 July 1937
Q7: What incident started the war between China and Japan?
A7: Marco Polo Bridge Incident
Q8: What nation provided material support to China?
A8: Soviet Union
Q9: What was the capital of China?
A9: Nanking
Q10: When was Nanking captured?
A10: December 1937
Computer (Engineering and technology)

By 1938 the United States Navy had developed an electromechanical analog computer small enough to use aboard a submarine. This was the Torpedo Data Computer, which used trigonometry to solve the problem of firing a torpedo at a moving target. During World War II similar devices were developed in other countries as well.

Q1: What part of the US military developed an electromechanical analog computer to use on a submarine?
A1: the United States Navy
Q2: When did the US Navy invent an electromechanical computer to use on a submarine?
A2: 1938
Q3: What type of math did the Torpedo Data computer use to fire a torpedo at a moving target?
A3: trigonometry
Textual_criticism (Language and literature)

By 1939, in his Prolegomena for the Oxford Shakespeare, McKerrow had changed his mind about this approach, as he feared that a later edition – even if it contained authorial corrections – would "deviate more widely than the earliest print from the author's original manuscript." He therefore concluded that the correct procedure would be "produced by using the earliest "good" print as copy-text and inserting into it, from the first edition which contains them, such corrections as appear to us to be derived from the author." But, fearing the arbitrary exercise of editorial judgment, McKerrow stated that, having concluded that a later edition had substantive revisions attributable to the author, "we must accept all the alterations of that edition, saving any which seem obvious blunders or misprints."

Q1: Why did McKerrow alter his previous method of criticism?
A1: deviate more widely than the earliest print from the author's original manuscript."
Q2: How did McKerrow alter his approach to copy-text analysis?
A2: inserting into it, from the first edition which contains them, such corrections as appear to us to be derived from the author."
Q3: What did McKerrow concede about his new copy-text method?
A3: we must accept all the alterations of that edition, saving any which seem obvious blunders or misprints
Q4: What work was the first to see McKerrow use his new method?
A4: Prolegomena for the Oxford Shakespeare
Alps (Geography and places)

By 1940 the Third Reich had occupied many of the Alpine countries. Austria underwent a political coup that made it part of the Third Reich; France had been invaded and Italy was a fascist regime. Switzerland was the only country to luckily avoid invasion. The Swiss Confederate mobilized its troops—the country follows the doctrine of "armed neutrality" with all males required to have military training—a number that General Eisenhower estimated to be about 850,000. The Swiss commanders wired the infrastructure leading into the country, and threatening to destroy bridges, railway tunnels and passes in the event of a Nazi invasion, and then they retreated to the heart of the mountain peaks where conditions were harsher and a military invasion would involve difficult and protracted battles.

Q1: By 1940 who occupied many of the Alpine countries?
A1: the Third Reich
Q2: What country underwent a political coup that made it part of the Third Reich?
A2: Austria
Q3: What was the only country that avoided invasion from the Third Reich?
A3: Switzerland
Q4: Who wired the infrastructure leading into Switzerland?
A4: The Swiss commanders
Gymnastics (Sports and recreation)

By 1954, Olympic Games apparatus and events for both men and women had been standardized in modern format, and uniform grading structures (including a point system from 1 to 15) had been agreed upon. At this time, Soviet gymnasts astounded the world with highly disciplined and difficult performances, setting a precedent that continues. The new medium of television has helped publicize and initiate a modern age of gymnastics. Both men's and women's gymnastics now attract considerable international interest, and excellent gymnasts can be found on every continent. Nadia Comăneci received the first perfect score, at the 1976 Summer Olympics held in Montreal, Canada. She was coached in Romania by coach, (Hungarian ethnicity), Béla Károlyi. Comaneci scored four of her perfect tens on the uneven bars, two on the balance beam and one in the floor exercise. Even with Nadia's perfect scores, the Romanians lost the gold medal to the Soviet Union. Nevertheless, Comaneci became an Olympic icon.

Q1: What year was the Olympic Games apparatus and events standardized?
A1: 1954
Q2: What is the grading structure?
A2: a point system from 1 to 15
Q3: Who set the first precedent that continues this day?
A3: Soviet gymnasts
Q4: Who recieved the first perfect score?
A4: Nadia Comăneci
Q5: What year and where was the first perfect score given?
A5: 1976 Summer Olympics held in Montreal, Canada
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser (History)

By 1957, pan-Arabism was the dominant ideology of the Arab world, and the average Arab citizen considered Nasser his undisputed leader. Historian Adeed Dawisha credited Nasser's status to his "charisma, bolstered by his perceived victory in the Suez Crisis". The Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs radio station spread Nasser's ideas of united Arab action throughout the Arabic-speaking world and historian Eugene Rogan wrote, "Nasser conquered the Arab world by radio." Lebanese sympathizers of Nasser and the Egyptian embassy in Beirut—the press center of the Arab world—bought out Lebanese media outlets to further disseminate Nasser's ideals. Nasser also enjoyed the support of Arab nationalist organizations, both civilian and paramilitary, throughout the region. His followers were numerous and well-funded, but lacked any permanent structure and organization. They called themselves "Nasserites", despite Nasser's objection to the label (he preferred the term "Arab nationalists").

Q1: What radio station furthered Nasser's agenda?
A1: Voice of the Arabs
Q2: What were Arab admirers of Nasser called?
A2: Nasserites
Q3: What did the admirers of Nasser lack?
A3: structure and organization
Q4: Who said that Nasser conquered the Arab workd with radio?
A4: Eugene Rogan
Q5: What would have Nasser prefferred his admirers call themselves?
A5: Arab nationalists
Space_Race (History)

By 1959, American observers believed that the Soviet Union would be the first to get a human into space, because of the time needed to prepare for Mercury's first launch. On April 12, 1961, the USSR surprised the world again by launching Yuri Gagarin into a single orbit around the Earth in a craft they called Vostok 1. They dubbed Gagarin the first cosmonaut, roughly translated from Russian and Greek as "sailor of the universe". Although he had the ability to take over manual control of his spacecraft in an emergency by opening an envelope he had in the cabin that contained a code that could be typed into the computer, it was flown in an automatic mode as a precaution; medical science at that time did not know what would happen to a human in the weightlessness of space. Vostok 1 orbited the Earth for 108 minutes and made its reentry over the Soviet Union, with Gagarin ejecting from the spacecraft at 7,000 meters (23,000 ft), and landing by parachute. The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (International Federation of Aeronautics) credited Gagarin with the world's first human space flight, although their qualifying rules for aeronautical records at the time required pilots to take off and land with their craft. For this reason, the Soviet Union omitted from their FAI submission the fact that Gagarin did not land with his capsule. When the FAI filing for Gherman Titov's second Vostok flight in August 1961 disclosed the ejection landing technique, the FAI committee decided to investigate, and concluded that the technological accomplishment of human spaceflight lay in the safe launch, orbiting, and return, rather than the manner of landing, and so revised their rules accordingly, keeping Gagarin's and Titov's records intact.

Q1: Which country succesfully launched the first person into space in 1961?
A1: the USSR
Q2: The first ship to carry a human through space was called what?
A2: Vostok 1
Q3: How long did Yuri Gagarin orbit the earth in the spacecraft?
A3: 108 minutes
Tennessee (Geography and places)

By 1960 African Americans comprised 16.45% of the state's population. It was not until after the mid-1960s and passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that they were able to vote in full again, but new devices, such as at-large commission city governments, had been adopted in several jurisdictions to limit their political participation. Former Gov. Winfield Dunn and former U.S. Sen. Bill Brock wins in 1970 helped make the Republican Party competitive among whites for the statewide victory. Tennessee has selected governors from different parties since 1970. Increasingly the Republican Party has become the party of white conservatives.

Q1: In 1960, what group made up 16.45% of Tennessee's population?
A1: African Americans
Q2: What Congressional Act fully re-enfranchised African-American in Tennessee?
A2: Voting Rights Act of 1965
Q3: Which Republican Senator's 1970 victory showed the Republican Party's renewed competitiveness in Tennessee?
A3: Bill Brock
Q4: Which constituency has become the Republican Party's staunchest supporters in Tennessee?
A4: white conservatives
Q5: Which Republican was elected Tennessee Governor in 1970?
A5: Winfield Dunn
Sony_Music_Entertainment (Music)

By 1962, their Columbia Record Productions unit was operating four plants around the United States located in Los Angeles; Terre Haute, Indiana; Bridgeport, Connecticut; and Pitman, New Jersey, which manufactured records for not only Columbia's own labels, but also for independent record labels.

Q1: What 4 areas of the country did Columbia Records have manufacturers in?
A1: Los Angeles; Terre Haute, Indiana; Bridgeport, Connecticut; and Pitman, New Jersey
Comprehensive_school (Social sciences and society)

By 1975 the majority of local authorities in England and Wales had abandoned the 11-plus examination and moved to a comprehensive system. Over that 10-year period many secondary modern schools and grammar schools were amalgamated to form large neighbourhood comprehensives, whilst a number of new schools were built to accommodate a growing school population. By the mid-1970s the system had been almost fully implemented, with virtually no secondary modern schools remaining. Many grammar schools were either closed or changed to comprehensive status. Some local authorities, including Sandwell and Dudley in the West Midlands, changed all of its state secondary schools to comprehensive schools during the 1970s.

Q1: By what year did the 11-plus exam mainly fall out of use?
A1: 1975
Q2: What did secondary modern and grammar schools combine to become?
A2: neighbourhood comprehensives
Q3: Grammar schools that did not close were converted to what?
A3: comprehensive schools
Q4: What are two locations in which all secondary schools were converted to comprehensives in the '70s?
A4: Sandwell and Dudley
Queen_(band) (Music)

By 1976, Queen were back in the studio recording A Day at the Races, which is often regarded as a sequel album to A Night at the Opera. It again borrowed the name of a Marx Brothers movie, and its cover was similar to that of A Night at the Opera, a variation on the same Queen Crest. The most recognisable of the Marx Brothers, Groucho Marx, invited Queen to visit him in his Los Angeles home in March 1977; there the band thanked him in person, and performed "'39" a cappella. Musically, A Day at the Races was by both fans' and critics' standards a strong effort, reaching number one in the UK and Japan, and number five in the US. The major hit on the album was "Somebody to Love", a gospel-inspired song in which Mercury, May, and Taylor multi-tracked their voices to create a 100-voice gospel choir. The song went to number two in the UK, and number thirteen in the US. The album also featured one of the band's heaviest songs, May's "Tie Your Mother Down", which became a staple of their live shows.

Q1: What Queen album was released in 1976?
A1: A Day at the Races
Q2: What was the major hit from Queen's 1976 album?
A2: Somebody to Love
Q3: Which heavy Queen song is a favorite at live shows?
A3: Tie Your Mother Down
Q4: Which comedian invited Queen to visit him in 1977? 
A4: Groucho Marx
Q5: Which Queen members layered their voices on Somebody to Love?
A5: Mercury, May, and Taylor
Textual_criticism (Language and literature)

By 1979, with the establishment of the Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies (FARMS) as a California non-profit research institution, an effort led by Robert F. Smith began to take full account of Larson’s work and to publish a Critical Text of the Book of Mormon. Thus was born the FARMS Critical Text Project which published the first volume of the 3-volume Book of Mormon Critical Text in 1984. The third volume of that first edition was published in 1987, but was already being superseded by a second, revised edition of the entire work, greatly aided through the advice and assistance of then Yale doctoral candidate Grant Hardy, Dr. Gordon C. Thomasson, Professor John W. Welch (the head of FARMS), Professor Royal Skousen, and others too numerous to mention here. However, these were merely preliminary steps to a far more exacting and all-encompassing project.

Q1: What is FARMS?
A1: Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies
Q2: Who spearheaded the Critical Text of the Book of Mormon project?
A2: Robert F. Smith
Q3: How many years did it take to publish all three volumes of the Book of Mormon Critical Text?
A3: the first volume of the 3-volume Book of Mormon Critical Text in 1984. The third volume of that first edition was published in 1987
Q4: Was the third volume of the first edition deemed sufficient?
A4: The third volume of that first edition was published in 1987, but was already being superseded by a second, revised edition of the entire work
Q5: Who is the head of FARMS?
A5: Professor John W. Welch
Sony_Music_Entertainment (Music)

By 1987, CBS was the only "big three" American TV network to have a co-owned record company. ABC had sold its record division to MCA Records in 1979, and in 1986, NBC's parent company RCA was sold to General Electric, who then sold off all other RCA units, including the record division (which was bought by Ariola Records, later known as BMG).

Q1: In what year was CBS the only network to also have a record company?
A1: 1987
Q2: What label did ABC sell in 1979?
A2: MCA Records
Q3: What label did NBC sell in 1986?
A3: RCA
Q4: Who bought RCA?
A4: Ge
Nintendo_Entertainment_System (Video games)

By 1988, industry observers stated that the NES's popularity had grown so quickly that the market for Nintendo cartridges was larger than that for all home computer software. Compute! reported in 1989 that Nintendo had sold seven million NES systems in 1988, almost as many as the number of Commodore 64s sold in its first five years. "Computer game makers [are] scared stiff", the magazine said, stating that Nintendo's popularity caused most competitors to have poor sales during the previous Christmas and resulted in serious financial problems for some.

Q1: What year did Nintendo's market surpass all computer software?
A1: 1988
Q2: Who reported that Nintendo sold 7 million NES systems?
A2: Compute!
Q3: When did Compute! report the number of systems sold at 7 million?
A3: 1989
Q4: The 7 million sold almost equated to which console's five year span?
A4: Commodore 64s
United_States_Army (History)

By 1989 Germany was nearing reunification and the Cold War was coming to a close. Army leadership reacted by starting to plan for a reduction in strength. By November 1989 Pentagon briefers were laying out plans to reduce army end strength by 23%, from 750,000 to 580,000. A number of incentives such as early retirement were used. In 1990 Iraq invaded its smaller neighbor, Kuwait, and U.S. land forces, quickly deployed to assure the protection of Saudi Arabia. In January 1991 Operation Desert Storm commenced, a U.S.-led coalition which deployed over 500,000 troops, the bulk of them from U.S. Army formations, to drive out Iraqi forces. The campaign ended in total victory, as Western coalition forces routed the Iraqi Army, organized along Soviet lines, in just one hundred hours.

Q1: In 1989, what did the Pentagon plan to reduce the army end strength to?
A1: 580,000
Q2: Which country did Iraq invade in 1990?
A2: Kuwait
Q3: What operation began in January 1991?
A3: Desert Storm
Q4: How many troops were involved in Operation Desert Storm?
A4: 500,000
Q5: How long did Operation Desert Storm last?
A5: one hundred hours
Central_African_Republic (Geography and places)

By 1990, inspired by the fall of the Berlin Wall, a pro-democracy movement arose. Pressure from the United States, France, and from a group of locally represented countries and agencies called GIBAFOR (France, the USA, Germany, Japan, the EU, the World Bank, and the UN) finally led Kolingba to agree, in principle, to hold free elections in October 1992 with help from the UN Office of Electoral Affairs. After using the excuse of alleged irregularities to suspend the results of the elections as a pretext for holding on to power, President Kolingba came under intense pressure from GIBAFOR to establish a "Conseil National Politique Provisoire de la République" (Provisional National Political Council, CNPPR) and to set up a "Mixed Electoral Commission", which included representatives from all political parties.[citation needed]

Q1: What was inspired by the fall of the Berlin wall?
A1: a pro-democracy movement
Q2: What large country pressured CAR to hold elections?
A2: the United States
Q3: When were free elections held?
A3: October 1992
Q4: Who helped with the Free Elections?
A4: UN Office of Electoral Affairs
Q5: What excuse did Kolingba use to deny the election results?
A5: alleged irregularities