LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
University_of_Notre_Dame (Geography and places)

Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.

Q1: How many halls are at Notre Dame that house students?
A1: 29
Q2: Which library was built at Notre Dame in 1963?
A2: Theodore Hesburgh Library
Q3: How many books are housed at the Theodore Hesburgh Library?
A3: almost 4 million
Q4: Construction for which hall started on March 8th 2007 at Notre Dame?
A4: Duncan Hall
Q5: Which baseball stadium is found at Notre Dame?
A5: Frank Eck Stadium
Westminster_Abbey (Art and architecture)

Since the coronations in 1066 of both King Harold and William the Conqueror, coronations of English and British monarchs were held in the abbey. In 1216, Henry III was unable to be crowned in London when he first came to the throne, because the French prince Louis had taken control of the city, and so the king was crowned in Gloucester Cathedral. This coronation was deemed by the Pope to be improper, and a further coronation was held in the abbey on 17 May 1220. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the traditional cleric in the coronation ceremony.[citation needed]

Q1: Where was Henry III crowned?
A1: Gloucester Cathedral
Q2: When was Henry III crowned?
A2: 1216
Q3: Who had taken control of London when Henry III was to be crowned?
A3: French prince Louis
Q4: Who deemed Henry III's coronation to be improper?
A4: the Pope
Q5: Who is the usual cleric for coronation ceremonies?
A5: The Archbishop of Canterbury
Republic_of_the_Congo (Geography and places)

Since the country is located on the Equator, the climate is consistent year-round, with the average day temperature being a humid 24 °C (75 °F) and nights generally between 16 °C (61 °F) and 21 °C (70 °F). The average yearly rainfall ranges from 1,100 millimetres (43 in) in south in the Niari Valley to over 2,000 millimetres (79 in) in central parts of the country. The dry season is from June to August while in the majority of the country the wet season has two rainfall maxima: one in March–May and another in September–November.

Q1: On what major line of latitude is the Congo located?
A1: Equator
Q2: What is the average temperature in the Congo when the sun is up?
A2: 24 °C (75 °F)
Q3: What is the average temperature range in the Congo during the night time?
A3: 16 °C (61 °F) and 21 °C (70 °F)
Q4: When does the Congo experience dry season?
A4: June to August
Myanmar (Geography and places)

Since the democratic transition began in 2011, there has been continuous violence as 280 people have been killed and 140,000 forced to flee from their homes in the Rakhine state. A UN envoy reported in March 2013 that unrest had re-emerged between Myanmar's Buddhist and Muslim communities, with violence spreading to towns that are located closer to Yangon. The BBC News media outlet obtained video footage of a man with severe burns who received no assistance from passers-by or police officers even though he was lying on the ground in a public area. The footage was filmed by members of the Burmese police force in the town of Meiktila and was used as evidence that Buddhists continued to kill Muslims after the European Union sanctions were lifted on 23 April 2013.

Q1: Has the violence in Burma decreased over the years as the country has tried made democratic strides ?
A1: Since the democratic transition began in 2011, there has been continuous violence as 280 people have been killed and 140,000 forced to flee
Q2: Are the separate religious factions in Burma able to peacefully coexist ?
A2: unrest had re-emerged between Myanmar's Buddhist and Muslim communities, with violence
Q3: What news company  discovered visual evidence of the disdain exhibited by civil employees and civilians in Burma ?
A3: BBC News media outlet obtained video footage of a man with severe burns who received no assistance from passers-by or police officers
Q4: Who recorded the visual evidence on the disdainful incident?
A4: footage was filmed by members of the Burmese police force in the town of Meiktila
Q5: Who was the videotape used as evidence against in Burma ?
A5: used as evidence that Buddhists continued to kill Muslims after the European Union sanctions were lifted on 23 April 2013.
Aircraft_carrier (Warfare)

Since the early 1950s on conventional carriers it has been the practice to recover aircraft at an angle to port of the axial line of the ship. The primary function of this angled deck is to allow aircraft that miss the arresting wires, referred to as a bolter, to become airborne again without the risk of hitting aircraft parked forward. The angled deck allows the installation of one or two "waist" catapults in addition to the two bow cats. An angled deck also improves launch and recovery cycle flexibility with the option of simultaneous launching and recovery of aircraft.

Q1: When did conventional carriers start recovering aircraft at an angle to port of the axial line of the ship?
A1: early 1950s
Q2: What risk is avoided by aircraft by using an angled deck?
A2: hitting aircraft parked forward
Q3: How many "waist" catapults can be installed with an angled deck?
A3: one or two
Q4: How man bow cats can be installed with an angled deck?
A4: two
Q5: What aircraft design feature improves launch and recovery cycle flexibilty?
A5: An angled deck
Phonology (Language and literature)

Since the early 1960s, theoretical linguists have moved away from the traditional concept of a phoneme, preferring to consider basic units at a more abstract level, as a component of morphemes; these units can be called morphophonemes, and analysis using this approach is called morphophonology.

Q1: When did theoretical linguists turn away traditional phoneme concepts?
A1: early 1960s
Q2: On what level do theoretical linguists consider basic units?
A2: abstract
Q3: What is a name for the basic morpheme unit?
A3: morphophonemes
Q4: What is the act of analyzing morphophones called?
A4: morphophonology
Q5: What kind of linguists are leaving the old methods behind?
A5: theoretical
Estonia (Geography and places)

Since the early 1990s, Estonia is involved in active trilateral Baltic states co-operation with Latvia and Lithuania, and Nordic-Baltic co-operation with the Nordic countries. The Baltic Council is the joint forum of the interparliamentary Baltic Assembly (BA) and the intergovernmental Baltic Council of Ministers (BCM). Nordic-Baltic Eight (NB-8) is the joint co-operation of the governments of Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway and Sweden. Nordic-Baltic Six (NB-6), comprising Nordic-Baltic countries that are European Union member states, is a framework for meetings on EU related issues. Parliamentary co-operation between the Baltic Assembly and Nordic Council began in 1989. Annual summits take place, and in addition meetings are organised on all possible levels: speakers, presidiums, commissions, and individual members. The Nordic Council of Ministers has an office in Tallinn with a subsidiary in Tartu and information points in Narva, Valga and Pärnu. Joint Nordic-Baltic projects include the education programme Nordplus and mobility programmes for business and industry and for public administration.

Q1: Which Baltic countries have cooperated with Estonia since the early 1990s?
A1: Latvia and Lithuania
Q2: What is the combined group of the interparliamentary Baltic Assembly and the intergovernmental Baltic Council of Ministers?
A2: The Baltic Council
Q3: What is the name of the joint group that Estonia shares with Denmark and 7 other countries?
A3: Nordic-Baltic Eight
Q4: What year did Parliamentary co-operation between the Baltic Assembly and Nordic Council start?
A4: 1989
Philadelphia (History)

Since the early days of rail transport in the United States, Philadelphia has served as hub for several major rail companies, particularly the Pennsylvania Railroad and the Reading Railroad. The Pennsylvania Railroad first operated Broad Street Station, then 30th Street Station and Suburban Station, and the Reading Railroad operated out of Reading Terminal, now part of the Pennsylvania Convention Center. The two companies also operated competing commuter rail systems in the area, known collectively as the Regional Rail system. The two systems today, for the most part still intact but now connected, operate as a single system under the control of the SEPTA, the regional transit authority. Additionally, the PATCO Speedline subway system and NJ Transit's Atlantic City Line operate successor services to southern New Jersey.

Q1: Name 2 rail companies that use the city as a hub?
A1: Pennsylvania Railroad and the Reading Railroad
Q2: Where did the Pennsylvania Railroad have their first station?
A2: Broad Street Station
Q3: Where did the Reading operate out of?
A3: Reading Terminal
Q4: What is Reading Terminal called now?
A4: Pennsylvania Convention Center
Race_(human_categorization) (Natural sciences)

Since the early history of the United States, Amerindians, African–Americans, and European Americans have been classified as belonging to different races. Efforts to track mixing between groups led to a proliferation of categories, such as mulatto and octoroon. The criteria for membership in these races diverged in the late 19th century. During Reconstruction, increasing numbers of Americans began to consider anyone with "one drop" of known "Black blood" to be Black, regardless of appearance.3 By the early 20th century, this notion was made statutory in many states.4 Amerindians continue to be defined by a certain percentage of "Indian blood" (called blood quantum). To be White one had to have perceived "pure" White ancestry. The one-drop rule or hypodescent rule refers to the convention of defining a person as racially black if he or she has any known African ancestry. This rule meant that those that were mixed race but with some discernible African ancestry were defined as black. The one-drop rule is specific to not only those with African ancestry but to the United States, making it a particularly African-American experience.

Q1: Groups of people have been classified as belonging to difference races since what part of the U.S.'s history?
A1: early
Q2: What did efforts to track mixing between different groups lead to?
A2: a proliferation of categories
Q3: When did the criteria for membership in mixed race groups diverge?
A3: in the late 19th century
Q4: When did increasing numbers of Americans consider anyone with even a drop of "Black blood" to be Black?
A4: During Reconstruction
Q5: What is a particularly African-American experience because it's specific to only the United States?
A5: The one-drop rule
Race_(human_categorization) (Natural sciences)

Since the end of the Second World War, France has become an ethnically diverse country. Today, approximately five percent of the French population is non-European and non-white. This does not approach the number of non-white citizens in the United States (roughly 28–37%, depending on how Latinos are classified; see Demographics of the United States). Nevertheless, it amounts to at least three million people, and has forced the issues of ethnic diversity onto the French policy agenda. France has developed an approach to dealing with ethnic problems that stands in contrast to that of many advanced, industrialized countries. Unlike the United States, Britain, or even the Netherlands, France maintains a "color-blind" model of public policy. This means that it targets virtually no policies directly at racial or ethnic groups. Instead, it uses geographic or class criteria to address issues of social inequalities. It has, however, developed an extensive anti-racist policy repertoire since the early 1970s. Until recently, French policies focused primarily on issues of hate speech—going much further than their American counterparts—and relatively less on issues of discrimination in jobs, housing, and in provision of goods and services.

Q1: France has become a more ethnically diverse country since the end of which war?
A1: Second World War
Q2: What percentage of the French population today is non-European?
A2: approximately five percent
Q3: What is the number of non-white citizens in the United States?
A3: roughly 28–37%
Q4: What issue has the existence of three million non-European people in France forced onto French policy agendas?
A4: ethnic diversity
Q5: What type of model of public policy does France maintain?
A5: color-blind
Great_power (History)

Since the end of the World Wars, the term "great power" has been joined by a number of other power classifications. Foremost among these is the concept of the superpower, used to describe those nations with overwhelming power and influence in the rest of the world. It was first coined in 1944 by William T.R. Fox and according to him, there were three superpowers: the British Empire, the United States, and the Soviet Union. But by the mid-1950s the British Empire lost its superpower status, leaving the United States and the Soviet Union as the world's superpowers.[nb 2] The term middle power has emerged for those nations which exercise a degree of global influence, but are insufficient to be decisive on international affairs. Regional powers are those whose influence is generally confined to their region of the world.

Q1: What is a superpower?
A1: nations with overwhelming power and influence in the rest of the world
Q2: Who first used the term superpower?
A2: William T.R. Fox
Q3: Who were the three original superpowers?
A3: British Empire, the United States, and the Soviet Union
Q4: Who lost their superpower status in 1950s?
A4: British Empire
Q5: What are middle powers?
A5: those nations which exercise a degree of global influence, but are insufficient to be decisive on international affairs
Israel (History)

Since the existence of the earliest Jewish diaspora, many Jews have aspired to return to "Zion" and the "Land of Israel", though the amount of effort that should be spent towards such an aim was a matter of dispute. The hopes and yearnings of Jews living in exile are an important theme of the Jewish belief system. After the Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, some communities settled in Palestine. During the 16th century, Jewish communities struck roots in the Four Holy Cities—Jerusalem, Tiberias, Hebron, and Safed—and in 1697, Rabbi Yehuda Hachasid led a group of 1,500 Jews to Jerusalem. In the second half of the 18th century, Eastern European opponents of Hasidism, known as the Perushim, settled in Palestine.

Q1: Many Jews have aspired to return to where?
A1: Zion
Q2: Where did some Jewish communities settle after they were expelled from Spain?
A2: Palestine
Q3: Rabbi Yehuda Hachasid led a group of how many Jews into Jerusalem?
A3: 1,500
High-definition_television (Engineering and technology)

Since the formal adoption of digital video broadcasting's (DVB) widescreen HDTV transmission modes in the early 2000s; the 525-line NTSC (and PAL-M) systems, as well as the European 625-line PAL and SECAM systems, are now regarded as standard definition television systems.

Q1: When was widescreen HDTV transmission modes formally adopted?
A1: early 2000s
Q2: In addition to the 625-line PAL system, what European system is considered a standard definition television system?
A2: SECAM systems
Q3: In addition to the NTSC system, what 525-line system is considered a standard definition television system?
A3: PAL-M
Q4: 525 and 625-line systems are now considered what?
A4: standard definition television systems
Freemasonry (Unknown)

Since the founding of Freemasonry, many Bishops of the Church of England have been Freemasons, such as Archbishop Geoffrey Fisher. In the past, few members of the Church of England would have seen any incongruity in concurrently adhering to Anglican Christianity and practicing Freemasonry. In recent decades, however, reservations about Freemasonry have increased within Anglicanism, perhaps due to the increasing prominence of the evangelical wing of the church. The former Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr Rowan Williams, appeared to harbour some reservations about Masonic ritual, whilst being anxious to avoid causing offence to Freemasons inside and outside the Church of England. In 2003 he felt it necessary to apologise to British Freemasons after he said that their beliefs were incompatible with Christianity and that he had barred the appointment of Freemasons to senior posts in his diocese when he was Bishop of Monmouth.

Q1: What English Archbishop was a member of the Freemasons?
A1: Geoffrey Fisher
Q2: What former Archbishop of Canterbury has reservations about the Freemasons?
A2: Dr Rowan Williams
Q3: What year did Dr. Rowan Williams apologize to the Freemasons?
A3: 2003
Q4: Dr. Rowan Williams was also Bishop of what?
A4: Bishop of Monmouth
Exhibition_game (Sports and recreation)

Since the introduction of league football, most club sides play a number of friendlies before the start of each season (called pre-season friendlies). Friendly football matches are considered to be non-competitive and are only used to "warm up" players for a new season/competitive match. There is generally nothing competitive at stake and some rules may be changed or experimented with (such as unlimited substitutions, which allow teams to play younger, less experienced, players, and no cards). Although most friendlies are simply one-off matches arranged by the clubs themselves, in which a certain amount is paid by the challenger club to the incumbent club, some teams do compete in short tournaments, such as the Emirates Cup, Teresa Herrera Trophy and the Amsterdam Tournament. Although these events may involve sponsorship deals and the awarding of a trophy and may even be broadcast on television, there is little prestige attached to them.

Q1: When do football clubs still play friendlies?
A1: before the start of each season
Q2: What type of football matches are non-competitive?
A2: friendlies
Q3: What do some friendlies change the rules to make unlimited?
A3: substitutions
Q4: What are some examples of friendly short football tournaments?
A4: the Emirates Cup, Teresa Herrera Trophy and the Amsterdam Tournament
Q5: What do friendly short football tournaments have little of?
A5: prestige
Paris (Geography and places)

Since the late 18th century, Paris has been famous for its restaurants and haute cuisine, food meticulously prepared and artfully presented. A luxury restaurant, La Taverne Anglaise, opened in 1786 in the arcades of the Palais-Royal by Antoine Beauvilliers; it featured an elegant dining room, an extensive menu, linen tablecloths, a large wine list and well-trained waiters; it became a model for future Paris restaurants. The restaurant Le Grand Véfour in the Palais-Royal dates from the same period. The famous Paris restaurants of the 19th century, including the Café de Paris, the Rocher de Cancale, the Café Anglais, Maison Dorée and the Café Riche, were mostly located near the theatres on the Boulevard des Italiens; they were immortalised in the novels of Balzac and Émile Zola. Several of the best-known restaurants in Paris today appeared during the Belle Epoque, including Maxim's on Rue Royale, Ledoyen in the gardens of the Champs-Élysées, and the Tour d'Argent on the Quai de la Tournelle.

Q1: What is the model for luxury Parisian restaurants?
A1: La Taverne Anglaise
Q2: When did La Taverne Angaise open?
A2: 1786
Q3: In what century was Cafe Anglais, Cafe de Paris and Rocher de Cancale opened?
A3: 19th
Q4: Near what were most restaurants opened?
A4: theatres
Sanskrit (Language and literature)

Since the late 18th century, Sanskrit has been transliterated using the Latin alphabet. The system most commonly used today is the IAST (International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration), which has been the academic standard since 1888. ASCII-based transliteration schemes have also evolved because of difficulties representing Sanskrit characters in computer systems. These include Harvard-Kyoto and ITRANS, a transliteration scheme that is used widely on the Internet, especially in Usenet and in email, for considerations of speed of entry as well as rendering issues. With the wide availability of Unicode-aware web browsers, IAST has become common online. It is also possible to type using an alphanumeric keyboard and transliterate to Devanagari using software like Mac OS X's international support.

Q1: From what time has the Latin alphabet been used to transcribe Sanskrit?
A1: late 18th century
Q2: What transliteration system is most common today?
A2: IAST
Q3: How long has IAST been the standard system used for transliteration of Sanskrit?
A3: since 1888
Q4: What is used in transliteration for computer systems? 
A4: ASCII
Q5: What transliteration scheme is often used on the internet?
A5: ITRANS
The_Bronx (Geography and places)

Since the late 1980s, significant development has occurred in the Bronx, first stimulated by the city's "Ten-Year Housing Plan" and community members working to rebuild the social, economic and environmental infrastructure by creating affordable housing. Groups affiliated with churches in the South Bronx erected the Nehemiah Homes with about 1,000 units. The grass roots organization Nos Quedamos' endeavor known as Melrose Commons began to rebuild areas in the South Bronx. The IRT White Plains Road Line (2 5 trains) began to show an increase in riders. Chains such as Marshalls, Staples, and Target opened stores in the Bronx. More bank branches opened in the Bronx as a whole (rising from 106 in 1997 to 149 in 2007), although not primarily in poor or minority neighborhoods, while the Bronx still has fewer branches per person than other boroughs.

Q1: What city plan helped redevelop the Bronx?
A1: "Ten-Year Housing Plan"
Q2: How many units are in the Nehemiah Homes?
A2: about 1,000
Q3: Who built the Nehemiah Homes?
A3: Groups affiliated with churches in the South Bronx
Q4: Who led the Melrose Commons project?
A4: Nos Quedamos
Q5: How many bank branches were in the Bronx by 2007?
A5: 149