LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Insect (Natural sciences)

The thorax is a tagma composed of three sections, the prothorax, mesothorax and the metathorax. The anterior segment, closest to the head, is the prothorax, with the major features being the first pair of legs and the pronotum. The middle segment is the mesothorax, with the major features being the second pair of legs and the anterior wings. The third and most posterior segment, abutting the abdomen, is the metathorax, which features the third pair of legs and the posterior wings. Each segment is dilineated by an intersegmental suture. Each segment has four basic regions. The dorsal surface is called the tergum (or notum) to distinguish it from the abdominal terga. The two lateral regions are called the pleura (singular: pleuron) and the ventral aspect is called the sternum. In turn, the notum of the prothorax is called the pronotum, the notum for the mesothorax is called the mesonotum and the notum for the metathorax is called the metanotum. Continuing with this logic, the mesopleura and metapleura, as well as the mesosternum and metasternum, are used.

Q1: The throax has how many sections?
A1: three sections
Q2: Another term for tagma is?
A2: thorax
Q3: The anterior section is closest to the what?
A3: head
Q4: The prothrorax is what segment of the insect?
A4: anterior
Q5: The pleura is made of how many lateral regions?
A5: two
Near_East (Geography and places)

The threat that caused Gordon, diplomat and military officer, to publish the article was resumption of work on a railway from Russia to the Persian Gulf. Gordon, a published author, had not used the term previously, but he was to use it from then on.

Q1: What threat caused Gordon to publish his article?
A1: resumption of work on a railway
Q2: Who was a diplomat and military officer?
A2: Gordon
Q3: Who had not used the term middle east previously in publications?
A3: Gordon
Kievan_Rus%27 (History)

The three brothers—Rurik, Sineus, and Truvor—established themselves in Novgorod, Beloozero, and Izborsk, respectively. Two of the brothers died, and Rurik became the sole ruler of the territory and progenitor of the Rurik Dynasty. A short time later, two of Rurik’s men, Askold and Dir, asked him for permission to go to Tsargrad (Constantinople). On their way south, they discovered "a small city on a hill," Kiev, captured it and the surrounding country from the Khazars, populated the region with more Varangians, and "established their dominion over the country of the Polyanians."

Q1: What were the names of the three brothers that rulled Novgotod, Beloozero, and Izborsk?
A1: Rurik, Sineus, and Truvor
Q2: Whoch of the three brothers become the sole ruller over all three of the teritories?
A2: Rurik
Q3: What was the name of the small city on the hill that was discovered by Rurik's men?
A3: Kiev
Windows_8 (Engineering and technology)

The three desktop editions of Windows 8 support 32-bit and 64-bit architectures; retail copies of Windows 8 include install DVDs for both architectures, while the online installer automatically installs the version corresponding with the architecture of the system's existing Windows installation. The 32-bit version runs on CPUs compatible with x86 architecture 3rd generation (known as IA-32) or newer, and can run 32-bit and 16-bit applications, although 16-bit support must be enabled first. (16-bit applications are developed for CPUs compatible with x86 2nd generation, first conceived in 1978. Microsoft started moving away from this architecture after Windows 95.)

Q1: What architecture types does Windows 8 support?
A1: 32-bit and 64-bit
Q2: What is 16-bit support intended for?
A2: CPUs compatible with x86 2nd generation
Q3: When was x86 2nd generation created?
A3: 1978
Q4: How does the online Windows installer know which version to install?
A4: automatically installs the version corresponding with the architecture of the system's existing Windows installation
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System (Engineering and technology)

The three latest satellites will jointly undergo testing of a new system of navigation signaling and inter-satellite links, and start providing navigation services when ready.

Q1: What will the three latest satellites provide after testing?
A1: navigation services
Q2: What kind of testing will be performed on the three latest satellites?
A2: testing of a new system of navigation signaling and inter-satellite links
Q3: How many satellites will be used to test a new system of navigation signaling?
A3: three
Buddhism (Philosophy and religion)

The three marks of existence may reflect Upanishadic or other influences. K.R. Norman supposes that the these terms were already in use at the Buddha's time, and were familiair to his hearers.

Q1: How many marks of existence reflect Upanishadic influences?
A1: three
Computer (Engineering and technology)

The tide-predicting machine invented by Sir William Thomson in 1872 was of great utility to navigation in shallow waters. It used a system of pulleys and wires to automatically calculate predicted tide levels for a set period at a particular location.

Q1: When was the tide-predicting machine invented by Sir William Thomson invented?
A1: 1872
Q2: Who invented the first tide-predicting machine in 1872?
A2: Sir William Thomson
Q3: What did Sir William Thomson's tide-predicting machine use to function?
A3: system of pulleys and wires
Bird_migration (Natural sciences)

The timing of migration seems to be controlled primarily by changes in day length. Migrating birds navigate using celestial cues from the sun and stars, the earth's magnetic field, and probably also mental maps.

Q1: What causes the timing of migration?
A1: changes in day length
Q2: How do migrating birds navigate?
A2: celestial cues from the sun and stars
Q3: How else to migrating birds navigate?
A3: the earth's magnetic field
Q4: What might help migrating birds navigate?
A4: mental maps
Adolescence (Natural sciences)

The timing of puberty can have important psychological and social consequences. Early maturing boys are usually taller and stronger than their friends. They have the advantage in capturing the attention of potential partners and in becoming hand-picked for sports. Pubescent boys often tend to have a good body image, are more confident, secure, and more independent. Late maturing boys can be less confident because of poor body image when comparing themselves to already developed friends and peers. However, early puberty is not always positive for boys; early sexual maturation in boys can be accompanied by increased aggressiveness due to the surge of hormones that affect them. Because they appear older than their peers, pubescent boys may face increased social pressure to conform to adult norms; society may view them as more emotionally advanced, despite the fact that their cognitive and social development may lag behind their appearance. Studies have shown that early maturing boys are more likely to be sexually active and are more likely to participate in risky behaviors.

Q1: Are sexual actvity and risky behaviors more likely in boys that mature early or later?
A1: early
Q2: Increased aggresiveness and early sexual maturation in adolescent boys are due to a surge of what?
A2: hormones
Q3: Are early or late maturing boys generally taller and stronger than their friends?
A3: Early
Q4: What is one reason a late maturing boy may be less confident when comparing himself to others?
A4: poor body image
Airport (Engineering and technology)

The title of "world's oldest airport" is disputed, but College Park Airport in Maryland, US, established in 1909 by Wilbur Wright, is generally agreed to be the world's oldest continually operating airfield, although it serves only general aviation traffic. Bisbee-Douglas International Airport in Arizona was declared "the first international airport of the Americas" by US president Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1943. Pearson Field Airport in Vancouver, Washington had a dirigible land in 1905 and planes in 1911 and is still in use. Bremen Airport opened in 1913 and remains in use, although it served as an American military field between 1945 and 1949. Amsterdam Airport Schiphol opened on September 16, 1916 as a military airfield, but only accepted civil aircraft from December 17, 1920, allowing Sydney Airport in Sydney, Australia—which started operations in January 1920—to claim to be one of the world's oldest continually operating commercial airports. Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport in Minneapolis-Saint Paul, Minnesota, opened in 1920 and has been in continuous commercial service since. It serves about 35,000,000 passengers each year and continues to expand, recently opening a new 11,000 foot (3,355 meter) runway. Of the airports constructed during this early period in aviation, it is one of the largest and busiest that is still currently operating. Rome Ciampino Airport, opened 1916, is also a contender, as well as the Don Mueang International Airport near Bangkok,Thailand, which opened in 1914. Increased aircraft traffic during World War I led to the construction of landing fields. Aircraft had to approach these from certain directions and this led to the development of aids for directing the approach and landing slope.

Q1: What is generally agreed to be the world's oldest continually operating airfield?
A1: College Park Airport
Q2: In what year was the College Park Airport established?
A2: 1909
Q3: Who established the College Park Airport?
A3: Wilbur Wright
Q4: How many passengers does the Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport serve each year?
A4: 35,000,000
Q5: In what year did Rome Ciampino Airport open?
A5: 1916
Supreme_court (Language and literature)

The titles of state supreme court vary, which can cause confusion between jurisdictions because one state may use a name for its highest court that another uses for a lower court. In New York, Maryland, and the District of Columbia the highest court is called the Court of Appeals, a name used by many states for their intermediate appellate courts. Further, trial courts of general jurisdiction in New York are called the Supreme Court, and the intermediate appellate court is called the Supreme Court, Appellate Division. In West Virginia, the highest court of the state is the Supreme Court of Appeals. In Maine and Massachusetts the highest court is styled the "Supreme Judicial Court"; the last is the oldest appellate court of continuous operation in the Western Hemisphere.

Q1: What may cause some confusion in the US regarding state supreme courts?
A1: titles of state supreme court vary
Q2: The Court of Appeals is the high court in which US States or territories?
A2: New York, Maryland, and the District of Columbia
Q3: What is West Virginia's highest court called?
A3: Supreme Court of Appeals
Q4: What state's supreme court is the oldest appellate court body in the western hemisphere?
A4: Massachusetts
Q5: Supreme Courts in New York serve what function?
A5: trial courts of general jurisdiction
American_Idol (Music)

The top 10 contestants started with five males and five females, however, the males were eliminated consecutively in the first five weeks, with Lazaro Arbos the last male to be eliminated. For the first time in the show's history, the top 5 contestants were all female. It was also the first time that the judges' "save" was not used, the top four contestants were therefore given an extra week to perform again with their votes carried over with no elimination in the first week.

Q1: How many girls were in the top 10 on season 12 of American Idol?
A1: five
Q2: Who was the last guy to be sent home on season 12 of American Idol?
A2: Lazaro Arbos
Q3: How many contestants did this season have?
A3: 10
Q4: How many weeks in a row were male contestants eliminated?
A4: five
Q5: Who as the last man to be eliminated?
A5: Lazaro Arbos
Q6: How many contestants were able to perform for two weeks without any eliminations?
A6: four
American_Idol (Music)

The top 12 finalists originally included Mario Vazquez, but he dropped out citing 'personal reasons' and was replaced by Nikko Smith. Later, an employee of Freemantle Media, which produces the show, sued the company for wrongful termination, claiming that he was dismissed after complaining about lewd behavior by Vazquez toward him during the show.

Q1: Who got a spot in the top 12 after Mario Vasquez dropped out?
A1: Nikko Smith
Q2: Who replaced Vasquez as a finalist?
A2: Nikko Smith
Q3: What company produces the show?
A3: Freemantle Media
Q4: A former employee states he was fired after complaining about which finalist?
A4: Vazquez
Glacier (Natural sciences)

The top 50 m (160 ft) of a glacier are rigid because they are under low pressure. This upper section is known as the fracture zone and moves mostly as a single unit over the plastically flowing lower section. When a glacier moves through irregular terrain, cracks called crevasses develop in the fracture zone. Crevasses form due to differences in glacier velocity. If two rigid sections of a glacier move at different speeds and directions, shear forces cause them to break apart, opening a crevasse. Crevasses are seldom more than 46 m (150 ft) deep but in some cases can be 300 m (1,000 ft) or even deeper. Beneath this point, the plasticity of the ice is too great for cracks to form. Intersecting crevasses can create isolated peaks in the ice, called seracs.

Q1: Why are the tops of glaciers rigid?
A1: they are under low pressure
Q2: Which zone is the top of the glaciers?
A2: fracture zone
Q3: Why are glacial crevices formed?
A3: differences in glacier velocity
Q4: What are seracs?
A4: isolated peaks in the ice
Q5: Most crevices are no deeper than what measure?
A5: 46 m (150 ft)
American_Idol (Music)

The top ten (eleven in season ten) toured at the end of every season. In the season twelve tour a semi-finalist who won a sing-off was also added to the tour. Kellogg's Pop-Tarts was the sponsor for the first seven seasons, and Guitar Hero was added for the season seven tour. M&M's Pretzel Chocolate Candies was a sponsor of the season nine tour. The season five tour was the most successful tour with gross of over $35 million.

Q1: Which season of American Idol had the highest profit on its tour?
A1: season five
Q2: What company was a sponsor of the American Idol tour in its ninth season? 
A2: M&M's Pretzel Chocolate Candies
Q3: Who was added to the tour in season 12?
A3: a semi-finalist who won a sing-off
Q4: Who sponsored the first seven tours?
A4: Kellogg's Pop-Tarts
Q5: Who sponsored the ninth tour?
A5: M&M's Pretzel Chocolate Candies
Q6: Which was the most successful tour?
A6: season five
Pharmaceutical_industry (Natural sciences)

The top ten best-selling drugs of 2013 totaled $75.6 billion in sales, with the anti-inflammatory drug Humira being the best-selling drug worldwide at $10.7 billion in sales. The second and third best selling were Enbrel and Remicade, respectively. The top three best-selling drugs in the United States in 2013 were Abilify ($6.3 billion,) Nexium ($6 billion) and Humira ($5.4 billion). The best-selling drug ever, Lipitor, averaged $13 billion annually and netted $141 billion total over its lifetime before Pfizer's patent expired in November 2011.

Q1: How much money did the top ten bestselling drugs make in 2013?
A1: $75.6 billion
Q2: What was the name of the top-selling anti-inflammatory drug in 2013?
A2: Humira
Q3: What was the bestselling drug in history?
A3: Lipitor
Q4: How much money did Lipitor make before the patent expired?
A4: $141 billion
Q5: In what year did Pfizer's patent over Lipitor expire?
A5: 2011
Infection (Natural sciences)

The top three single agent/disease killers are HIV/AIDS, TB and malaria. While the number of deaths due to nearly every disease have decreased, deaths due to HIV/AIDS have increased fourfold. Childhood diseases include pertussis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, measles and tetanus. Children also make up a large percentage of lower respiratory and diarrheal deaths. In 2012, approximately 3.1 million people have died due to lower respiratory infections, making it the number 4 leading cause of death in the world.

Q1: What are the top three killer diseases?
A1: HIV/AIDS, TB and malaria
Q2: How much have deaths due to HIV/AIDS increased?
A2: fourfold
Q3: What are some popular childhood diseases?
A3: pertussis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, measles and tetanus
Q4: Who makes up a large percentage of diarrheal deaths?
A4: Children
Q5: What is the number 4 leading cause of death in the world?
A5: lower respiratory infections
Serbo-Croatian (Language and literature)

The topic of language for writers from Dalmatia and Dubrovnik prior to the 19th century made a distinction only between speakers of Italian or Slavic, since those were the two main groups that inhabited Dalmatian city-states at that time. Whether someone spoke Croatian or Serbian was not an important distinction then, as the two languages were not distinguished by most speakers. This has been used as an argument to state that Croatian literature Croatian per se, but also includes Serbian and other languages that are part of Serbo-Croatian, These facts undermine the Croatian language proponents' argument that modern-day Croatian is based on a language called Old Croatian.

Q1: Which language groups lived in Dalmation city-states prior to the 19th century?
A1: Italian or Slavic
Q2: Today's Croatian language has its roots in what other language?
A2: Old Croatian
Q3: Prior to the 19th century, why was it irrelevant whether a person spoke Croatian or Serbian?
A3: two languages were not distinguished by most speakers
Montana (Geography and places)

The topography of the state is roughly defined by the Continental Divide, which splits much of the state into distinct eastern and western regions. Most of Montana's 100 or more named mountain ranges are concentrated in the western half of the state, most of which is geologically and geographically part of the Northern Rocky Mountains. The Absaroka and Beartooth ranges in the south-central part of the state are technically part of the Central Rocky Mountains. The Rocky Mountain Front is a significant feature in the north-central portion of the state, and there are a number of isolated island ranges that interrupt the prairie landscape common in the central and eastern parts of the state. About 60 percent of the state is prairie, part of the northern Great Plains.

Q1: Where are most of the states mountain ranges?
A1: western half of the state
Q2: How much of the state is prarie?
A2: About 60 percent
Switzerland (Geography and places)

The toponym Schwyz itself is first attested in 972, as Old High German Suittes, ultimately perhaps related to suedan "to burn", referring to the area of forest that was burned and cleared to build. The name was extended to the area dominated by the canton, and after the Swabian War of 1499 gradually came to be used for the entire Confederation. The Swiss German name of the country, Schwiiz, is homophonous to that of the canton and the settlement, but distinguished by the use of the definite article (d'Schwiiz for the Confederation, but simply Schwyz for the canton and the town).

Q1: In what year was the toponym Schwyz first attested as Old High German Suittes?
A1: 972
Q2: At what time did the name Schwyz begin to be used by the entire Confederation?
A2: after the Swabian War of 1499
Q3: What was the Swiss German name for Schwyz?
A3: Schwiiz
Q4: What was the name d'Schwiiz used for?
A4: the Confederation
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay (Sports and recreation)

The torch was lit at a park outside at AT&T Park at about 1:17 pm PDT (20:17 UTC), briefly held aloft by American and Chinese Olympic officials. The relay descended into confusion as the first runner in the elaborately planned relay disappeared into a warehouse on a waterfront pier where it stayed for a half-an-hour. There were clashes between thousands of pro-China demonstrators, many of whom said they were bused in by the Chinese Consulate and other pro-China groups, and both pro-Tibet and Darfur protesters. The non-Chinese demonstrators were reported to have been swamped and trailed by angry crowds. Around 2 pm PDT (21:00 UTC), the torch resurfaced about 3 km (1.9 mi) away from the stadium along Van Ness Avenue, a heavily trafficked thoroughfare that was not on official route plans. Television reports showed the flame flanked by motorcycles and uniformed police officers. Two torchbearers carried the flame running slowly behind a truck and surrounded by Olympic security guards. During the torch relay, two torchbearers, Andrew Michael who uses a wheelchair and is the Vice President for Sustainable Development for the Bay Area Council and Director of Partnerships For Change, and an environmental advocate, Majora Carter, managed to display Tibetan flags in protest, resulting in their ejection from the relay. The closing ceremony at Justin Herman Plaza was canceled due to the presence of large numbers of protesters at the site. The torch run ended with a final stretch through San Francisco's Marina district and was then moved by bus to San Francisco International Airport for a makeshift closing ceremony at the terminal, from which the free media was excluded. San Jose Mercury News described the "deceiving" event as "a game of Where's Waldo, played against the landscape of a lovely city." International Olympic Committee President Jacques Rogge said the San Francisco relay had "fortunately" avoided much of the disruptions that marred the legs in London and Paris, but "was, however, not the joyous party that we had wished it to be."

Q1: Where did the first relay runner disappear to with the torch??
A1: a warehouse
Q2: Which wheelchair-bound torchbearer was ejected from the relay for showing a Tibetan flag?
A2: Andrew Michael
Q3: What wheelchair-bound bearer of the Olympic torch displayed a Tibetan flag?
A3: Andrew Michael
Q4: Where was the last part of the San Francisco torch relay carried through before getting on a bus?
A4: Marina district
Q5: Where was a makeshift closing ceremony held for the torch relay in San Francisco?
A5: San Francisco International Airport
Q6: After the bearer of the torch disappeared into a warehouse, what road did the relay reappear on?
A6: Van Ness Avenue
Portugal (Geography and places)

The total adult literacy rate is 99 percent. Portuguese primary school enrollments are close to 100 percent. According to the OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2009, the average Portuguese 15-year-old student, when rated in terms of reading literacy, mathematics and science knowledge, is placed at the same level as those students from the United States, Sweden, Germany, Ireland, France, Denmark, United Kingdom, Hungary and Taipei, with 489 points (493 is the average). Over 35% of college-age citizens (20 years old) attend one of the country's higher education institutions (compared with 50% in the United States and 35% in the OECD countries). In addition to being a destination for international students, Portugal is also among the top places of origin for international students. All higher education students, both domestic and international, totaled 380,937 in 2005.

Q1: What is the adult literacy rate in Portugal?
A1: 99 percent
Q2: Portuguese primary school enrollment is close to what percent?
A2: 100 percent
Q3: What percentage of college-age citizens attend a higher education institution in Portugal?
A3: Over 35%
Q4: What percentage of college-age citizens attend a higher education institution in the United States?
A4: 50%