LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
British_Empire (History)

The foundations of the British Empire were laid when England and Scotland were separate kingdoms. In 1496 King Henry VII of England, following the successes of Spain and Portugal in overseas exploration, commissioned John Cabot to lead a voyage to discover a route to Asia via the North Atlantic. Cabot sailed in 1497, five years after the European discovery of America, and although he successfully made landfall on the coast of Newfoundland (mistakenly believing, like Christopher Columbus, that he had reached Asia), there was no attempt to found a colony. Cabot led another voyage to the Americas the following year but nothing was heard of his ships again.

Q1: When was John Cabot's voyage commissioned?
A1: 1496
Q2: Who commissioned John Cabot's voyage?
A2: King Henry VII of England
Q3: Where was Cabot trying to find a route to via the North Atlantic?
A3: Asia
Q4: Where did Cabot make landfall?
A4: Newfoundland
Q5: Which explorer did Cabot make a mistake similar to?
A5: Christopher Columbus
Old_English (Language and literature)

The four main dialectal forms of Old English were Mercian, Northumbrian, Kentish, and West Saxon. Mercian and Northumbrian are together referred to as Anglian. In terms of geography the Northumbrian region lay north of the Humber River; the Mercian lay north of the Thames and South of the Humber River; West Saxon lay south and southwest of the Thames; and the smallest, Kentish region lay southeast of the Thames, a small corner of England. The Kentish region, settled by the Jutes from Jutland, has the scantiest literary remains.

Q1: Along with West Saxon, Northumbrian and Mercian, what was one of the four main dialects of Old English?
A1: Kentish
Q2: What is a term that collectively refers to Northumbrian and Mercian?
A2: Anglian
Q3: Geographically, what river was Northumbria north of?
A3: Humber
Q4: What river was the Mercian region south of?
A4: Humber
Q5: Which of the Old English dialects covered the smallest geograhical region?
A5: Kentish
Northwestern_University (History)

The four-year, full-time undergraduate program comprises the majority of enrollments at the university and emphasizes instruction in the arts and sciences, plus the professions of engineering, journalism, communication, music, and education. Although a foundation in the liberal arts and sciences is required in all majors, there is no required common core curriculum; individual degree requirements are set by the faculty of each school. Northwestern's full-time undergraduate and graduate programs operate on an approximately 10-week academic quarter system with the academic year beginning in late September and ending in early June. Undergraduates typically take four courses each quarter and twelve courses in an academic year and are required to complete at least twelve quarters on campus to graduate. Northwestern offers honors, accelerated, and joint degree programs in medicine, science, mathematics, engineering, and journalism. The comprehensive doctoral graduate program has high coexistence with undergraduate programs.

Q1: Which 4-year program comprises the majority of enrollments at Northwestern?
A1: full-time undergraduate
Q2: Who sets individual degree requirements at Northwestern?
A2: the faculty of each school
Q3: How many quarters are undergraduates required to complete on campus to graduate?
A3: at least twelve
Q4: How many courses do undergrads typically take each quarter?
A4: four
Q5: How many weeks is one academic quarter at Northwestern?
A5: approximately 10
American_Idol (Music)

The fourteenth season premiered on January 7, 2015. Ryan Seacrest returned to host, while Jennifer Lopez, Keith Urban and Harry Connick, Jr. returned for their respective fourth, third and second seasons as judges. Eighth season runner-up Adam Lambert filled in for Urban during the New York City auditions. Randy Jackson did not return as the in-house mentor for this season.

Q1: What year did American Idol first air its fourteenth season?
A1: 2015
Q2: Who was the host of American Idol in its fourteenth season? 
A2: Ryan Seacrest
Q3: Which former contestant replaced Keith Urban for auditions in New York City?
A3: Adam Lambert
Q4: What was Keith Urbans position on American Idol in its fourteenth season? 
A4: judges
Q5: Who did not come back as a mentor in season 14?
A5: Randy Jackson
Q6: When did season 14 premiere?
A6: January 7, 2015
Q7: Who took Urban's spot at the New York auditions?
A7: Adam Lambert
Digimon (Video games)

The fourth Digimon series, which began airing on April 7, 2002, radically departs from the previous three by focusing on a new and very different kind of evolution, Spirit Evolution, in which the human characters use their D-Tectors (this series' Digivice) to transform themselves into special Digimon called Legendary Warriors, detracting from the customary formula of having digital partners. After receiving unusual phone messages from Ophanimon (one of the three ruling Digimon alongside Seraphimon and Cherubimon) Takuya Kanbara, Koji Minamoto, Junpei Shibayama, Zoe Orimoto, Tommy Himi, and Koichi Kimura go to a subway station and take a train to the Digital World. Summoned by Ophanimon, the Digidestined realize that they must find the ten legendary spirits and stop the forces of Cherubimon from physically destroying the Digital World. After finding the ten spirits of the Legendary Warriors and defeating Mercurymon, Grumblemon, Ranamon, and Arbormon, they finally end up fighting Cherubimon hoping to foil his effort to dominate the Digital World. After the defeat of Cherubimon, the Digidestined find they must face an even greater challenge as they try to stop the Royal Knights—Dynasmon and Crusadermon—from destroying the Digital World and using the collected data to revive the original ruler of the Digital World: the tyrannical Lucemon. Ultimately the Digidestined fail in preventing Lucemon from reawakening but they do manage to prevent him from escaping into the Real World. In the final battle, all of the legendary spirits the digidestined have collected thus far merge and create Susanoomon. With this new form, the digidestined are able to effectively defeat Lucemon and save the Digital World. In general, Frontier has a much lighter tone than that of Tamers, yet remains darker than Adventure and Adventure 02.

Q1: When did the fourth series of Digimon begin?
A1: April 7, 2002
Q2: What was the main focus surrounding the fourth series?
A2: Spirit Evolution
Q3: What did the characters use to transform themselves into special Digimons?
A3: D-Tectors
Q4: After the characters transformed into special Digimons, what were they called?
A4: Legendary Warriors
A_cappella (Music)

The fourth a cappella musical to appear Off-Broadway, In Transit, premiered 5 October 2010 and was produced by Primary Stages with book, music, and lyrics by Kristen Anderson-Lopez, James-Allen Ford, Russ Kaplan, and Sara Wordsworth. Set primarily in the New York City subway system its score features an eclectic mix of musical genres (including jazz, hip hop, Latin, rock, and country). In Transit incorporates vocal beat boxing into its contemporary a cappella arrangements through the use of a subway beat boxer character. Beat boxer and actor Chesney Snow performed this role for the 2010 Primary Stages production. According to the show's website, it is scheduled to reopen for an open-ended commercial run in the Fall of 2011. In 2011 the production received four Lucille Lortel Award nominations including Outstanding Musical, Outer Critics Circle and Drama League nominations, as well as five Drama Desk nominations including Outstanding Musical and won for Outstanding Ensemble Performance.

Q1: What is the name of the a cappella musical that debuted Off-Broadway in the same year as Perfect Harmony?
A1: In Transit
Q2: Where does most of In Transit take place? 
A2: the New York City subway system
Q3: What a cappella vocal style is implemented in many of In Transit's songs?
A3: beat boxing
Q4: How many Lucille Lortel Awards was In Transit nominated for?
A4: four
Q5: What is the name of the actor who played the subway beat boxer?
A5: Chesney Snow
Dutch_Republic (History)

The framers of the US Constitution were influenced by the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces, as Federalist No. 20, by James Madison, shows. Such influence appears, however, to have been of a negative nature, as Madison describes the Dutch confederacy as exhibiting "Imbecility in the government; discord among the provinces; foreign influence and indignities; a precarious existence in peace, and peculiar calamities from war." Apart from this, the American Declaration of Independence is similar to the Act of Abjuration, essentially the declaration of independence of the United Provinces, but concrete evidence that the former directly influenced the latter is absent.

Q1: Who was influenced by the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces?
A1: The framers of the US Constitution
Q2: Who described the Dutch confederacy as exhibiting "Imbecility in the government; discord among the provinces; foreign influence and indignities; a precarious existence in peace, and peculiar calamities from war."
A2: James Madison
Q3: The American Declaration of Independence is similar to what?
A3: the Act of Abjuration, essentially the declaration of independence of the United Provinces
Digimon (Video games)

The franchise was first created in 1997 as a series of virtual pets, akin to—and influenced in style by—the contemporary Tamagotchi or nano Giga Pet toys. The creatures were first designed to look cute and iconic even on the devices' small screens; later developments had them created with a harder-edged style influenced by American comics. The franchise gained momentum with its first anime incarnation, Digimon Adventure, and an early video game, Digimon World, both released in 1999. Several seasons of the anime and films based on them have aired, and the video game series has expanded into genres such as role-playing, racing, fighting, and MMORPGs. Other media forms have also been released.

Q1: When did Digimon first appear?
A1: 1997
Q2: Name the original Digimon anime.
A2: Digimon Adventure
Q3: Name the Digimon video game that was released in 1999.
A3: Digimon World
Q4: Name two types of toys the original Digimon bore a close resemblence to.
A4: Tamagotchi or nano Giga Pet toys
Q5: When was the Digimon series created?
A5: 1997
Q6: What influenced the look of the Digimons?
A6: Tamagotchi or nano Giga Pet toys
Q7: In what year was the Digimon video game released?
A7: 1999
Comics (Language and literature)

The francophone Swiss Rodolphe Töpffer produced comic strips beginning in 1827, and published theories behind the form. Cartoons appeared widely in newspapers and magazines from the 19th century. The success of Zig et Puce in 1925 popularized the use of speech balloons in European comics, after which Franco-Belgian comics began to dominate. The Adventures of Tintin, with its signature clear line style, was first serialized in newspaper comics supplements beginning in 1929, and became an icon of Franco-Belgian comics.

Q1: Who started producing comic strips and theories about them in 1827?
A1: Rodolphe Töpffer
Q2: What century had comics in wide production?
A2: 19th
Q3: What 1925 cartoon made speech bubbles popular?
A3: Zig et Puce
Q4: What comics began to dominate in Europe?
A4: Franco-Belgian
Q5: When was "The Adventures of Tintin" serialized?
A5: 1929
Dutch_Republic (History)

The free trade spirit of the time received a strong augmentation through the development of a modern, effective stock market in the Low Countries. The Netherlands has the oldest stock exchange in the world, founded in 1602 by the Dutch East India Company. While Rotterdam has the oldest bourse in the Netherlands, the world's first stock exchange – that of the Dutch East-India Company – went public in six different cities. Later, a court ruled that the company had to reside legally in a single city, so Amsterdam is recognized as the oldest such institution based on modern trading principles. While the banking system evolved in the Low Countries, it was quickly incorporated by the well-connected English, stimulating English economic output.

Q1: When was the stock exchange founded in the Netherlands?
A1: 1602
Q2: Which city in the Netherlands has the oldest stock exchange?
A2: Rotterdam
Q3: The Dutch East-India Company inhabited how many cities?
A3: six
Q4: Which city did the Dutch East-India Company decide to reside in after a court decided they could legally only operate in one city?
A4: Amsterdam
Political_party (Social sciences and society)

The freedom to form, declare membership in, or campaign for candidates from a political party is considered a measurement of a state's adherence to liberal democracy as a political value. Regulation of parties may run from a crackdown on or repression of all opposition parties, a norm for authoritarian governments, to the repression of certain parties which hold or promote ideals which run counter to the general ideology of the state's incumbents (or possess membership by-laws which are legally unenforceable).

Q1: What is considered a measurement of a state's support to liberal democracy?
A1: The freedom to form, declare membership in, or campaign for
Q2: How are parties regulated?
A2: a crackdown on or repression of all opposition parties
Q3: Will parties that hold a counter belief to the general beliefs of the state's incumbents be repressed?
A3: to the repression of certain parties which hold or promote ideals which run counter to the general ideology of the state's incumbents
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) (History)

The front page caused outrage in Liverpool, where the paper lost more than three-quarters of its estimated 55,000 daily sales and still sells poorly in the city more than 25 years later (around 12,000). It is unavailable in many parts of the city, as many newsagents refuse to stock it. It was revealed in a documentary called Alexei Sayle's Liverpool, aired in September 2008, that many Liverpudlians will not even take the newspaper for free, and those who do may simply burn or tear it up. Liverpudlians refer to the paper as 'The Scum' with campaigners believing it handicapped their fight for justice.

Q1: Where did The sun lose a large portion of its daily sales as a result of the front page?
A1: Liverpool
Q2: What were the estimated daily sales in Liverpool 25 years later?
A2: around 12,000
Q3: What documentary aired in 2008?
A3: Alexei Sayle's Liverpool
Q4: What do many Liverpool residents do with the paper even if given to them free?
A4: simply burn or tear it up
Q5: What name have Liverpool residents given to The Sun?
A5: The Scum'
Apollo (Philosophy and religion)

The function of Apollo as a "healer" is connected with Paean (Παιών-Παιήων), the physician of the Gods in the Iliad, who seems to come from a more primitive religion. Paeοn is probably connected with the Mycenean pa-ja-wo-ne (Linear B: 𐀞𐀊𐀍𐀚), but this is not certain. He did not have a separate cult, but he was the personification of the holy magic-song sung by the magicians that was supposed to cure disease. Later the Greeks knew the original meaning of the relevant song "paean" (παιάν). The magicians were also called "seer-doctors" (ἰατρομάντεις), and they used an ecstatic prophetic art which was used exactly by the god Apollo at the oracles.

Q1: What were magicians also called?
A1: seer-doctors
Q2: Who is the physician of the Gods in the Iliad?
A2: Paean
Rule_of_law (History)

The functional interpretation of the term "rule of law", consistent with the traditional English meaning, contrasts the "rule of law" with the "rule of man." According to the functional view, a society in which government officers have a great deal of discretion has a low degree of "rule of law", whereas a society in which government officers have little discretion has a high degree of "rule of law". Upholding the rule of law can sometimes require the punishment of those who commit offenses that are justifiable under natural law but not statutory law. The rule of law is thus somewhat at odds with flexibility, even when flexibility may be preferable.

Q1: According to the functional interpretation, what principle is opposite of the rule of man?
A1: rule of law
Q2: What level of discretion do governments with a high degree of the "rule of law" have?
A2: little
Q3: What level of discretion do governments with a low degree of the "rule of law" have?
A3: a great deal
Q4: What happens to those that do not follow to the rule of law?
A4: punishment
Q5: What fights against the rule of law?
A5: flexibility
Brain (Natural sciences)

The functions of the brain depend on the ability of neurons to transmit electrochemical signals to other cells, and their ability to respond appropriately to electrochemical signals received from other cells. The electrical properties of neurons are controlled by a wide variety of biochemical and metabolic processes, most notably the interactions between neurotransmitters and receptors that take place at synapses.

Q1: The electrical properties of neurons are controlled by what?
A1: neurotransmitters and receptors that take place at synapses
Q2: What type of signals do neurons transfer from one another?
A2: electrochemical
University (Language and literature)

The funding and organization of universities varies widely between different countries around the world. In some countries universities are predominantly funded by the state, while in others funding may come from donors or from fees which students attending the university must pay. In some countries the vast majority of students attend university in their local town, while in other countries universities attract students from all over the world, and may provide university accommodation for their students.

Q1: How does the financial backing of universities around the world differ?
A1: varies widely
Q2: In nations that accept students from through the world what might the university offer to a student?
A2: accommodation
Q3: Outside of state funded schools, and funds coming from donors, how might a university collect funds?
A3: fees which students attending the university
Kanye_West (Music)

The funeral and burial for Donda West was held in Oklahoma City on November 20, 2007. West played his first concert following the funeral at The O2 in London on November 22. He dedicated a performance of "Hey Mama", as well as a cover of Journey's "Don't Stop Believin'", to his mother, and did so on all other dates of his Glow in the Dark tour.

Q1: Where was Donda West's funeral?
A1: Oklahoma City
Q2: What songs did Kanye dedicate to his late mother as his performance at The O2 in London?
A2: "Hey Mama", as well as a cover of Journey's "Don't Stop Believin'"
Q3: In what city was the funeral and burial for Donda West held?
A3: Oklahoma City
Q4: On what day was the funeral of Donda West?
A4: November 20, 2007
Q5: What day was Kanye's first concert after the death of his mother?
A5: November 22
Q6: On what tour did Kanye perform "Hey Mama" and his version of Journey's "Don't Stop Believing" in memory of his mother?
A6: Glow in the Dark tour
Frédéric_Chopin (Music)

The funeral, held at the Church of the Madeleine in Paris, was delayed almost two weeks, until 30 October. Entrance was restricted to ticket holders as many people were expected to attend. Over 3,000 people arrived without invitations, from as far as London, Berlin and Vienna, and were excluded.

Q1: Where was Chopin's funeral held?
A1: Church of the Madeleine
Q2: How long was Chopin's funeral delayed?
A2: two weeks
Q3: How many people arrived for Chopin's funeral?
A3: Over 3,000
Q4: Where was Chopin's funeral held?
A4: the Church of the Madeleine in Paris
Q5: How long was Chopin's funeral delayed?
A5: two weeks
Q6: How many people arrived without an invitation?
A6: Over 3,000
Anti-aircraft_warfare (Warfare)

The future of projectile based weapons may be found in the railgun. Currently tests are underway on developing systems that could create as much damage as a Tomahawk (missile), but at a fraction of the cost. In February 2008 the US Navy tested a railgun; it fired a shell at 5,600 miles (9,000 km) per hour using 10 megajoules of energy. Its expected performance is over 13,000 miles (21,000 km) per hour muzzle velocity, accurate enough to hit a 5-meter target from 200 nautical miles (370 km) away while shooting at 10 shots per minute. It is expected to be ready in 2020 to 2025.[verification needed] These systems while currently designed for static targets would only need the ability to be retargeted to become the next generation of AA system.

Q1: Where can the future of projectile based weapons possibly be found?
A1: the railgun
Q2: Testing is being done on weapons to create as much damage as what missile at a much lower cost?
A2: a Tomahawk
Q3: When did the United States Navy test a railgun?
A3: February 2008
Q4: How fast was the shell that the Navy fired from the railgun?
A4: 5,600 miles (9,000 km) per hour
Q5: When is the railgun expected to be ready?
A5: 2020 to 2025
Heian_period (History)

The game Total War: Shogun 2 has the Rise of the Samurai expansion pack as downloadable campaign. It allows the player to make their own version of the Gempei War which happened during the Heian period. The player is able to choose one of the most powerful families of Japan at the time, the Taira, Minamoto or Fujiwara; each family fielding two branches for a total of six playable clans. The expansion pack features a different set of land units, ships and buildings and is also playable in the multiplayer modes.

Q1: Which Total War game has an expansion set during the Heian period?
A1: Shogun 2
Q2: What families are playable characters in Total War: Shogun 2?
A2: Taira, Minamoto or Fujiwara
Q3: The Rise of the Samurai expansion for Total War: Shogun 2 depicts which war during the Heian period?
A3: Gempei War
The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess (Video games)

The game features nine dungeons—large, contained areas where Link battles enemies, collects items, and solves puzzles. Link navigates these dungeons and fights a boss at the end in order to obtain an item or otherwise advance the plot. The dungeons are connected by a large overworld, across which Link can travel on foot; on his horse, Epona; or by teleporting.

Q1: How many dungeon instances are provided in Twilight Princess?
A1: nine
Q2: What does Link fight in dungeons?
A2: enemies
Q3: What provides a bridge between the different dungeons?
A3: overworld
Q4: What is the name of Link's steed?
A4: Epona
Q5: What must Link solve throughout the game?
A5: puzzles
Q6: Who must Link fight at the end of a dungeon level?
A6: boss
Q7: What connects the dungeons?
A7: overworld
Nintendo_Entertainment_System (Video games)

The game pad controllers were more-or-less copied directly from the Game & Watch machines, although the Famicom design team originally wanted to use arcade-style joysticks, even taking apart ones from American game consoles to see how they worked. However, it was eventually decided that children might step on joysticks left on the floor and their durability was also questioned. Katsuyah Nakawaka attached a Game & Watch D-pad to the Famicom prototype and found that it was easy to use and had no discomfort. Ultimately though, they did install a 15-pin expansion port on the front of the console so that an arcade-style joystick could be used optionally. The controllers were hard-wired to the console with no connectors for cost reasons.

Q1: Who attached a Game & Watch D-pad to the Famicom prototype?
A1: Katsuyah Nakawaka
Q2: What was installed on the front of the console so the joystick could be used?
A2: 15-pin expansion port
Q3: Why were the controllers hard-wired to the console with no connectors?
A3: cost reasons
Q4: Where were the game pad controllers copied from?
A4: Game & Watch machines