LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
PlayStation_3 (Video games)

PlayStation 3 launched in North America with 14 titles, with another three being released before the end of 2006. After the first week of sales it was confirmed that Resistance: Fall of Man from Insomniac Games was the top-selling launch game in North America. The game was heavily praised by numerous video game websites, including GameSpot and IGN, both of whom awarded it their PlayStation 3 Game of the Year award for 2006. Some titles missed the launch window and were delayed until early 2007, such as The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion, F.E.A.R. and Sonic the Hedgehog. During the Japanese launch, Ridge Racer 7 was the top-selling game, while Mobile Suit Gundam: Crossfire also fared well in sales, both of which were offerings from Namco Bandai Games. PlayStation 3 launched in Europe with 24 titles, including ones that were not offered in North American and Japanese launches, such as Formula One Championship Edition, MotorStorm and Virtua Fighter 5. Resistance: Fall of Man and MotorStorm were the most successful titles of 2007, and both games subsequently received sequels in the form of Resistance 2 and MotorStorm: Pacific Rift.

Q1: How many games could you buy to go with your PS3 when it launched in North America?
A1: 14
Q2: What game won GameSpot's Game of the Year title for 2006?
A2: Resistance: Fall of Man
Q3: What company developed the game Ridge Racer 7?
A3: Namco Bandai Games
Q4: What's the name of the sequel game to MotorStorm?
A4: MotorStorm: Pacific Rift
Q5: How many titles did the PS3 launch with in Europe?
A5: 24
PlayStation_3 (Video games)

PlayStation 3 uses the Cell microprocessor, designed by Sony, Toshiba and IBM, as its CPU, which is made up of one 3.2 GHz PowerPC-based "Power Processing Element" (PPE) and eight Synergistic Processing Elements (SPEs). The eighth SPE is disabled to improve chip yields. Only six of the seven SPEs are accessible to developers as the seventh SPE is reserved by the console's operating system. Graphics processing is handled by the NVIDIA RSX 'Reality Synthesizer', which can produce resolutions from 480i/576i SD up to 1080p HD. PlayStation 3 has 256 MB of XDR DRAM main memory and 256 MB of GDDR3 video memory for the RSX.

Q1: What type of microprocessor is in a PS3?
A1: Cell
Q2: What does PPE stand for?
A2: Power Processing Element
Q3: How many Synergistic Processing Elements are in a PS3's CPU?
A3: eight
Q4: How much XDR DRAM is on board a PS3?
A4: 256 MB
Q5: What function is the NVIDIA RSX responsible for in a PlayStation 3?
A5: Graphics processing
PlayStation_3 (Video games)

PlayStation 3's initial production cost is estimated by iSuppli to have been US$805.85 for the 20 GB model and US$840.35 for the 60 GB model. However, they were priced at US$499 and US$599 respectively, meaning that units may have been sold at an estimated loss of $306 or $241 depending on model, if the cost estimates were correct, and thus may have contributed to Sony's games division posting an operating loss of ¥232.3 billion (US$1.97 billion) in the fiscal year ending March 2007. In April 2007, soon after these results were published, Ken Kutaragi, President of Sony Computer Entertainment, announced plans to retire. Various news agencies, including The Times and The Wall Street Journal reported that this was due to poor sales, while SCEI maintains that Kutaragi had been planning his retirement for six months prior to the announcement.

Q1: How much did it cost to make one 20 GB PS3?
A1: US$805.85
Q2: In contrast to the production cost, what was the retail price for a 20 GB PlayStation 3?
A2: US$499
Q3: Assuming iSuppli got the numbers right, how much of a loss did Sony take for every 20 GB PS3 sold in the U.S.?
A3: $306
Q4: What was the name of Sony's President who announced his retirement amid rumors in April 2007?
A4: Ken Kutaragi
Q5: In U.S. dollars, how much was the enormous loss Sony reported the month before Kutaragi's retirement announcement?
A5: US$1.97 billion
PlayStation_3 (Video games)

PlayStation Home is a virtual 3D social networking service for the PlayStation Network. Home allows users to create a custom avatar, which can be groomed realistically. Users can edit and decorate their personal apartments, avatars or club houses with free, premium or won content. Users can shop for new items or win prizes from PS3 games, or Home activities. Users interact and connect with friends and customise content in a virtual world. Home also acts as a meeting place for users that want to play multiplayer games with others.

Q1: What does Sony call their social network?
A1: PlayStation Home
Q2: What is the customizable representation of a user in PS Home called?
A2: avatar
Q3: Home has free, won, and what third type of content?
A3: premium
Q4: Users employ the content to decorate club houses, their avatars, or what virtual dwelling space?
A4: apartments
Q5: What type of games can users find participants for in Home?
A5: multiplayer
PlayStation_3 (Video games)

PlayStation Network is the unified online multiplayer gaming and digital media delivery service provided by Sony Computer Entertainment for PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable, announced during the 2006 PlayStation Business Briefing meeting in Tokyo. The service is always connected, free, and includes multiplayer support. The network enables online gaming, the PlayStation Store, PlayStation Home and other services. PlayStation Network uses real currency and PlayStation Network Cards as seen with the PlayStation Store and PlayStation Home.

Q1: In what city did Sony hold their 2006 PlayStation Business Briefing?
A1: Tokyo
Q2: Does PlayStation Network use artificial or real currency for purchases?
A2: real
Q3: Along with being free and providing constant connectivity, what other feature does PS Network offer users?
A3: multiplayer support
Q4: PlayStation Network is only available for PS3 and what other device?
A4: PlayStation Portable
PlayStation_3 (Video games)

PlayStation Plus (commonly abbreviated PS+ and occasionally referred to as PSN Plus) is a premium PlayStation Network subscription service that was officially unveiled at E3 2010 by Jack Tretton, President and CEO of SCEA. Rumors of such service had been in speculation since Kaz Hirai's announcement at TGS 2009 of a possible paid service for PSN but with the current PSN service still available. Launched alongside PS3 firmware 3.40 and PSP firmware 6.30 on June 29, 2010, the paid-for subscription service provides users with enhanced services on the PlayStation Network, on top of the current PSN service which is still available with all of its features. These enhancements include the ability to have demos, game and system software updates download automatically to PlayStation 3. Subscribers also get early or exclusive access to some betas, game demos, premium downloadable content and other PlayStation Store items. North American users also get a free subscription to Qore. Users may choose to purchase either a one-year or a three-month subscription to PlayStation Plus.

Q1: What's the name of Sony's exclusive PlayStation Network subscription service?
A1: PlayStation Plus
Q2: How is PlayStation Plus often abbreviated?
A2: PS+
Q3: Who was the President and CEO of SCEA in the year 2010?
A3: Jack Tretton
Q4: On what date did the PlayStation Plus service officially launch?
A4: June 29, 2010
Q5: Duration options for subscription to PS+ are either three months or what period of time?
A5: one-year
PlayStation_3 (Video games)

PlayStation Portable can connect with PlayStation 3 in many ways, including in-game connectivity. For example, Formula One Championship Edition, a racing game, was shown at E3 2006 using a PSP as a real-time rear-view mirror. In addition, users are able to download original PlayStation format games from the PlayStation Store, transfer and play them on PSP as well as PS3 itself. It is also possible to use the Remote Play feature to play these and some PlayStation Network games, remotely on PSP over a network or internet connection.

Q1: What PS3 game can integrate a PlayStation Portable to use as a rear-view mirror?
A1: Formula One Championship Edition
Q2: What kind of game is Formula One Championship Edition?
A2: racing
Q3: If users want to download original PlayStation games, where do they go online?
A3: PlayStation Store
Q4: Games in plain PlayStation format can be played both on the PS3 console and what other device?
A4: PSP
Q5: What's the name of the feature that would let you play a game on your PSP without having it with you?
A5: Remote Play
Premier_League (Sports and recreation)

Players may only be transferred during transfer windows that are set by the Football Association. The two transfer windows run from the last day of the season to 31 August and from 31 December to 31 January. Player registrations cannot be exchanged outside these windows except under specific licence from the FA, usually on an emergency basis. As of the 2010–11 season, the Premier League introduced new rules mandating that each club must register a maximum 25-man squad of players aged over 21, with the squad list only allowed to be changed in transfer windows or in exceptional circumstances. This was to enable the 'home grown' rule to be enacted, whereby the League would also from 2010 require at least 8 of the named 25 man squad to be made up of 'home-grown players'.

Q1: When can a player be transferred?
A1: Players may only be transferred during transfer windows that are set by the Football Association.
Q2: When are the transfer windows?
A2: The two transfer windows run from the last day of the season to 31 August and from 31 December to 31 January.
Q3: Can players be transferred under an emergency outside the transfer windows?
A3: Player registrations cannot be exchanged outside these windows except under specific licence from the FA, usually on an emergency basis.
Q4: What new rule was put into practice during the 2010-11 season?
A4: As of the 2010–11 season, the Premier League introduced new rules mandating that each club must register a maximum 25-man squad of players aged over 21,
Q5: Why was this new rule put into effect?
A5: This was to enable the 'home grown' rule to be enacted,
Q6: During which time can a player be transferred from one European football league to another?
A6: transfer windows
Q7: How many transfer windows are available each year from the Football Association?
A7: two
Q8: On which basis are transfers outside of transfer windows licenced?
A8: emergency
Q9: What is the maximum number of players able to be registered to a Premier League team?
A9: 25
Q10: How many of a 25-member Premier League squad must be from the UK or Ireland?
A10: 8
Bird (Natural sciences)

Plumage is regularly moulted; the standard plumage of a bird that has moulted after breeding is known as the "non-breeding" plumage, or—in the Humphrey-Parkes terminology—"basic" plumage; breeding plumages or variations of the basic plumage are known under the Humphrey-Parkes system as "alternate" plumages. Moulting is annual in most species, although some may have two moults a year, and large birds of prey may moult only once every few years. Moulting patterns vary across species. In passerines, flight feathers are replaced one at a time with the innermost primary being the first. When the fifth of sixth primary is replaced, the outermost tertiaries begin to drop. After the innermost tertiaries are moulted, the secondaries starting from the innermost begin to drop and this proceeds to the outer feathers (centrifugal moult). The greater primary coverts are moulted in synchrony with the primary that they overlap. A small number of species, such as ducks and geese, lose all of their flight feathers at once, temporarily becoming flightless. As a general rule, the tail feathers are moulted and replaced starting with the innermost pair. Centripetal moults of tail feathers are however seen in the Phasianidae. The centrifugal moult is modified in the tail feathers of woodpeckers and treecreepers, in that it begins with the second innermost pair of feathers and finishes with the central pair of feathers so that the bird maintains a functional climbing tail. The general pattern seen in passerines is that the primaries are replaced outward, secondaries inward, and the tail from center outward. Before nesting, the females of most bird species gain a bare brood patch by losing feathers close to the belly. The skin there is well supplied with blood vessels and helps the bird in incubation.

Q1: What is regularly moulted?
A1: Plumage
Q2: What is the standard plumage of a bird that has moulted after breeding?
A2: "non-breeding" plumage
Q3: How often does moulting occur in most species?
A3: annual
Q4: What type of birds may moult only once every few years?
A4: large birds of prey
Idealism (Philosophy and religion)

Pluralistic idealism such as that of Gottfried Leibniz takes the view that there are many individual minds that together underlie the existence of the observed world and make possible the existence of the physical universe. Unlike absolute idealism, pluralistic idealism does not assume the existence of a single ultimate mental reality or "Absolute". Leibniz' form of idealism, known as Panpsychism, views "monads" as the true atoms of the universe and as entities having perception. The monads are "substantial forms of being",elemental, individual, subject to their own laws, non-interacting, each reflecting the entire universe. Monads are centers of force, which is substance while space, matter and motion are phenomenal and their form and existence is dependent on the simple and immaterial monads. There is a pre-established harmony established by God, the central monad, between the world in the minds of the monads and the external world of objects. Leibniz's cosmology embraced traditional Christian Theism. The English psychologist and philosopher James Ward inspired by Leibniz had also defended a form of pluralistic idealism. According to Ward the universe is composed of "psychic monads" of different levels, interacting for mutual self- betterment.

Q1: Who is a notable exponent of pluralistic idealism?
A1: Gottfried Leibniz
Q2: What is the term for the type of idealism preached by Leibniz?
A2: Panpsychism
Q3: What did Leibniz believe the universe is fundamentally composed of?
A3: monads
Q4: Who was a notable disciple of Leibniz?
A4: James Ward
Q5: What does Ward see as the purpose of interaction between monads?
A5: self- betterment
Plymouth (History)

Plymouth (i/ˈplɪməθ/) is a city on the south coast of Devon, England, about 37 miles (60 km) south-west of Exeter and 190 miles (310 km) west-south-west of London, between the mouths of the rivers Plym to the east and Tamar to the west where they join Plymouth Sound to form the boundary with Cornwall.

Q1: In kilometers, what is the distance from Plymouth to Exeter?
A1: 60
Q2: How many miles away from London is Plymouth?
A2: 190
Q3: What river borders Plymouth on the west?
A3: Tamar
Q4: In what county is Plymouth located?
A4: Devon
Q5: In what body of water do the rivers Tamar and Plym converge?
A5: Plymouth Sound
Plymouth (History)

Plymouth City Council is responsible for waste management throughout the city and South West Water is responsible for sewerage. Plymouth's electricity is supplied from the National Grid and distributed to Plymouth via Western Power Distribution. On the outskirts of Plympton a combined cycle gas-powered station, the Langage Power Station, which started to produce electricity for Plymouth at the end of 2009.

Q1: What body handles waste management in Plymouth?
A1: Plymouth City Council
Q2: Who oversees Plymouth's sewers?
A2: South West Water
Q3: Who distributes electricity in Plymouth?
A3: Western Power Distribution
Q4: In what year did Langage Power Station come on line?
A4: 2009
Q5: What settlement is Langage Power Station located near?
A5: Plympton
Plymouth (History)

Plymouth Council is currently undertaking a project of urban redevelopment called the "Vision for Plymouth" launched by the architect David Mackay and backed by both Plymouth City Council and the Plymouth Chamber of Commerce (PCC). Its projects range from shopping centres, a cruise terminal, a boulevard and to increase the population to 300,000 and build 33,000 dwellings.

Q1: What is the name of Plymouth Council's urban redevelopment project?
A1: "Vision for Plymouth"
Q2: What architect is in charge of the ""Vision for Plymouth"?
A2: David Mackay
Q3: Along with Plymouth Council, what body supports the "Vision for Plymouth"?
A3: the Plymouth Chamber of Commerce
Q4: What is the population goal of the "Vision for Plymouth"?
A4: 300,000
Q5: How many residences does the "Vision for Plymouth" seek to build?
A5: 33,000
Plymouth (History)

Plymouth also has 71 state primary phase schools, 13 state secondary schools, eight special schools and three selective state grammar schools, Devonport High School for Girls, Devonport High School for Boys and Plymouth High School for Girls. There is also an independent school Plymouth College.

Q1: How many state primary schools are in Plymouth?
A1: 71
Q2: Plymouth has how many state secondary schools?
A2: 13
Q3: How many state grammar schools are based in Plymouth?
A3: three
Q4: What is the name of the independent school in Plymouth?
A4: Plymouth College
Q5: Aside from Plymouth High School for Girls and Devonport High School for Boys, what state grammar school is present in Plymouth?
A5: Devonport High School for Girls
Plymouth (History)

Plymouth has a post-war shopping area in the city centre with substantial pedestrianisation. At the west end of the zone inside a grade II listed building is the Pannier Market that was completed in 1959 – pannier meaning "basket" from French, so it translates as "basket market". In terms of retail floorspace, Plymouth is ranked in the top five in the South West, and 29th nationally. Plymouth was one of the first ten British cities to trial the new Business Improvement District initiative. The Tinside Pool is situated at the foot of the Hoe and became a grade II listed building in 1998 before being restored to its 1930s look for £3.4 million.

Q1: What notable shop is located in a grade II listed building?
A1: Pannier Market
Q2: In what year was Pannier Market finished?
A2: 1959
Q3: What is Plymouth's national rank in retail floorspace?
A3: 29th
Q4: What notable location was named a grade II listed building in 1998?
A4: Tinside Pool
Q5: What was the cost to restore Tinside Pool?
A5: £3.4 million
Plymouth (History)

Plymouth has about 150 churches and its Roman Catholic cathedral (1858) is in Stonehouse. The city's oldest church is St Andrew's (Anglican) located at the top of Royal Parade—it is the largest parish church in Devon and has been a site of gathering since AD 800. The city also includes five Baptist churches, over twenty Methodist chapels, and thirteen Roman Catholic churches. In 1831 the first Brethren assembly in England, a movement of conservative non-denominational Evangelical Christians, was established in the city, so that Brethren are often called Plymouth Brethren, although the movement did not begin locally.

Q1: How many churches are present in Plymouth?
A1: 150
Q2: In what year was Plymouth's Catholic cathedral built?
A2: 1858
Q3: What is the name of the oldest church in Plymouth?
A3: St Andrew's
Q4: What denomination does the oldest church in Plymouth belong to?
A4: Anglican
Q5: How many Methodist houses of worship exist in Plymouth?
A5: over twenty
Plymouth (History)

Plymouth has the first known reference to Jews in the South West from Sir Francis Drake's voyages in 1577 to 1580, as his log mentioned "Moses the Jew" – a man from Plymouth. The Plymouth Synagogue is a Listed Grade II* building, built in 1762 and is the oldest Ashkenazi Synagogue in the English speaking world. There are also places of worship for Islam, Bahá'í, Buddhism, Unitarianism, Chinese beliefs and Humanism.

Q1: What Plymouth Jew was mentioned by Sir Francis Drake?
A1: Moses
Q2: In what year was Plymouth Synagogue constructed?
A2: 1762
Q3: What is Plymouth Synagogue's listed grade?
A3: Grade II*
Q4: What community of Jews was Plymouth Synagogue built by?
A4: Ashkenazi
Plymouth (History)

Plymouth is an important centre for watersports, especially scuba diving and sailing. The Port of Plymouth Regatta is one of the oldest regattas in the world, and has been held regularly since 1823. In September 2011, Plymouth hosted the America's Cup World Series for nine days.

Q1: When was the first Port of Plymouth Regatta?
A1: 1823
Q2: In what month and year did Plymouth play host to the America's Cup World Series?
A2: September 2011
Q3: For how many days did the America's Cup World Series take place in Plymouth?
A3: nine
Plymouth (History)

Plymouth is home to Plymouth Argyle F.C., who play in the fourth tier of English football league known as Football League Two. The team's home ground is called Home Park and is located in Central Park. It links itself with the group of English non-conformists that left Plymouth for the New World in 1620: its nickname is "The Pilgrims". The city also has four Non-League football clubs; Plymouth Parkway F.C. who play at Bolitho Park, Elburton Villa F.C. who play at Haye Road, Vospers Oak Villa F.C. who play at Weston Mill and Plymstock United F.C. who play at Deans Cross. All four clubs play in the South West Peninsula League.

Q1: What football league team is located in Plymouth?
A1: Plymouth Argyle F.C.
Q2: What level of the football league does Plymouth Argyle F.C. operate in?
A2: Football League Two
Q3: What is the home field of Plymouth Argyle F.C.?
A3: Home Park
Q4: What is the nickname of Plymouth Argyle F.C.?
A4: The Pilgrims
Q5: What team plays its home games at Weston Mill?
A5: Vospers Oak Villa F.C.
Plymouth (History)

Plymouth is home to the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom (MBA) which conducts research in all areas of the marine sciences. The Plymouth Marine Laboratory is an offshoot of the MBA. Together with the National Marine Aquarium, the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences, Plymouth University's Marine Institute and the Diving Diseases Research Centre, these marine-related organisations form the Plymouth Marine Sciences Partnership. The Plymouth Marine Laboratory, which focuses on global issues of climate change and sustainability. It monitors the effects of ocean acidity on corals and shellfish and reports the results to the UK government. It also cultivates algae that could be used to make biofuels or in the treatment of waste water by using technology such as photo-bioreactors. It works alongside the Boots Group to investigate the use of algae in skin care protects, taking advantage of the chemicals they contain that adapt to protect themselves from the sun.

Q1: What organization known as the MBA is based in Plymouth?
A1: Marine Biological Association
Q2: What Plymouth organization is named for Sir Alister Hardy?
A2: Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences
Q3: What marine facility is attached to the University of Plymouth?
A3: Marine Institute
Q4: What group are many of Plymouth's marine organizations a part of?
A4: Plymouth Marine Sciences Partnership
Q5: What is the name of the aquarium present in Plymouth?
A5: National Marine Aquarium
Plymouth (History)

Plymouth is often used as a base by visitors to Dartmoor, the Tamar Valley and the beaches of south-east Cornwall. Kingsand, Cawsand and Whitsand Bay are popular.

Q1: Visitors to what region's beaches often stop at Plymouth?
A1: south-east Cornwall
Q2: Along with Whitsand Bay and Cawsand, what Plymouth-area beaches are popular with tourists?
A2: Kingsand
Q3: Visitors to what local valley often stop over in Plymouth?
A3: Tamar Valley