LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Ashkenazi_Jews (History)

A 2013 trans-genome study carried out by 30 geneticists, from 13 universities and academies, from 9 countries, assembling the largest data set available to date, for assessment of Ashkenazi Jewish genetic origins found no evidence of Khazar origin among Ashkenazi Jews. "Thus, analysis of Ashkenazi Jews together with a large sample from the region of the Khazar Khaganate corroborates the earlier results that Ashkenazi Jews derive their ancestry primarily from populations of the Middle East and Europe, that they possess considerable shared ancestry with other Jewish populations, and that there is no indication of a significant genetic contribution either from within or from north of the Caucasus region", the authors concluded.

Q1: How many geneticists carried out the 2013 trans-genome study?
A1: 30 geneticists
Q2: How many universities and academies participated in the 2013 trans-genome study?
A2: 13 universities and academies
Q3: What did the 2013 trans-genome study find in regards to Ashkenazi Jews and Khazar origins?
A3: found no evidence of Khazar origin among Ashkenazi Jews
Plymouth (History)

A 2014 profile by the National Health Service showed Plymouth had higher than average levels of poverty and deprivation (26.2% of population among the poorest 20.4% nationally). Life expectancy, at 78.3 years for men and 82.1 for women, was the lowest of any region in the South West of England.

Q1: What percentage of Plymouth residents were suffering from poverty and deprivation in 2014?
A1: 26.2%
Q2: As of 2014, what was the life expectancy of male Plymouth residents?
A2: 78.3 years
Q3: As of 2014, what was the life expectancy of female Plymouth residents?
A3: 82.1
Q4: Where did Plymouth's life expectancy rank out of the regions of South West England?
A4: lowest
Mosaic (Art and architecture)

A 5th-century building in Huldah may be a Samaritan synagogue. Its mosaic floor contains typical Jewish symbols (menorah, lulav, etrog) but the inscriptions are Greek. Another Samaritan synagogue with a mosaic floor was located in Bet She'an (excavated in 1960). The floor had only decorative motifs and an aedicule (shrine) with cultic symbols. The ban on human or animal images was more strictly observed by the Samaritans than their Jewish neighbours in the same town (see above). The mosaic was laid by the same masters who made the floor of the Beit Alfa synagogue. One of the inscriptions was written in Samaritan script.

Q1: A 5th-century building in Huldah is believed to be what?
A1: a Samaritan synagogue
Q2: What does the mosaic at Huldah contain?
A2: typical Jewish symbols
Q3: What language are the inscriptions on the mosaic at Huldah?
A3: Greek
Q4: The synagogue located in Bet She'an had what kind of symbols depicted in its mosaic?
A4: cultic
Q5: The masters who built the floor in the synagogue at Bet She'an also constructed what other mosaic?
A5: the floor of the Beit Alfa synagogue
The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess (Video games)

A CD containing 20 musical selections from the game was available as a GameStop preorder bonus in the United States; it is included in all bundles in Japan, Europe, and Australia.[citation needed]

Q1: What company included the soundtrack as a reward for ordering the game prior to release?
A1: GameStop
Q2: How many tracks were recorded on the preorder CD?
A2: 20
Q3: In what areas is the content of the GameStop bonus CD provided for all versions of the game?
A3: Japan, Europe, and Australia
Q4: What was included as a Gamestop preorder item?
A4: CD
Compact_disc (Engineering and technology)

A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc. In order to accommodate the spiral pattern of data, the semiconductor laser is placed on a swing arm within the disc tray of any CD player. This swing arm allows the laser to read information from the centre to the edge of a disc, without having to interrupt the spinning of the disc itself.

Q1: Where is the semiconductor laser found in a CD player?
A1: on a swing arm
Q2: What wavelenght is used to pull data from a CD?
A2: 780 nm
Q3: In what pattern is data stored on a CD?
A3: spiral
Q4: What is used to discern the change of intensity in light on a CD?
A4: photodiode
Q5: What createds the change in light reflected off of a CD?
A5: change in height between pits and lands
Christian (Language and literature)

A Christian ( pronunciation (help·info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. "Christian" derives from the Koine Greek word Christós (Χριστός), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach.

Q1: What is a person who follows Christianity called?
A1: Christian
Q2: Whose life do Christians learn from?
A2: Jesus Christ
Q3: What Greek word is Christian derived from?
A3: Christós
Q4: Christós is translated from what Biblical term?
A4: mashiach
Dog (Natural sciences)

A Colorado study found bites in children were less severe than bites in adults. The incidence of dog bites in the US is 12.9 per 10,000 inhabitants, but for boys aged 5 to 9, the incidence rate is 60.7 per 10,000. Moreover, children have a much higher chance to be bitten in the face or neck. Sharp claws with powerful muscles behind them can lacerate flesh in a scratch that can lead to serious infections.

Q1: According to a Colorado study, dog bites are what in children as compared to adults?
A1: less severe
Q2: Out of 10,000 people, how many people are bitten by dogs in the United States?
A2: 12.9
Q3: Out of 10,000 boys between five and nine years old, how many are bitten annually by dogs?
A3: 60.7
Q4: Children are often bit where by dogs?
A4: the face or neck.
Q5: A dog scratch can lead to what medical condition?
A5: infections.
Q6: Where was the study done that showed dog bites were less serious in children than adults?
A6: Colorado
Q7: About 12.9 out of 10,000 are bit by dogs, but what is the number in 10,000 for young boys from 5 to 9?
A7: 60.7
Q8: According to the text, dog scratches can cause what?
A8: infections.
Database (Engineering and technology)

A DBMS has evolved into a complex software system and its development typically requires thousands of human years of development effort.[a] Some general-purpose DBMSs such as Adabas, Oracle and DB2 have been undergoing upgrades since the 1970s. General-purpose DBMSs aim to meet the needs of as many applications as possible, which adds to the complexity. However, the fact that their development cost can be spread over a large number of users means that they are often the most cost-effective approach. However, a general-purpose DBMS is not always the optimal solution: in some cases a general-purpose DBMS may introduce unnecessary overhead. Therefore, there are many examples of systems that use special-purpose databases. A common example is an email system that performs many of the functions of a general-purpose DBMS such as the insertion and deletion of messages composed of various items of data or associating messages with a particular email address; but these functions are limited to what is required to handle email and don't provide the user with all of the functionality that would be available using a general-purpose DBMS.

Q1: How long can it take to create a DBMS?
A1: thousands of human years
Q2: Name three DBMSs that have been used since the 1970s.
A2: Adabas, Oracle and DB2
Q3: How is the cost to create a DBMS distributed?
A3: spread over a large number of users
Q4: Name an example of a general-purpose DBMS.
A4: an email system
Pharmaceutical_industry (Natural sciences)

A Federal Trade Commission report issued in 1958 attempted to quantify the effect of antibiotic development on American public health. The report found that over the period 1946-1955, there was a 42% drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20% drop in those for which antibiotics were not effective. The report concluded that "it appears that the use of antibiotics, early diagnosis, and other factors have limited the epidemic spread and thus the number of these diseases which have occurred". The study further examined mortality rates for eight common diseases for which antibiotics offered effective therapy (syphilis, tuberculosis, dysentery, scarlet fever, whooping cough, meningococcal infections, and pneumonia), and found a 56% decline over the same period. Notable among these was a 75% decline in deaths due to tuberculosis.

Q1: What disease had the biggest decline of deaths?
A1: tuberculosis
Q2: What period was the report issued in 1958 cover?
A2: 1946-1955
Q3: Who issued the report in 1958?
A3: Federal Trade Commission
Q4: What were eight diseases examined for?
A4: mortality rates
Q5: What was responsible for the decline in spreading diseases?
A5: use of antibiotics, early diagnosis, and other factors
Q6: How much did the mortality rate of common bacterial infections decline between 1946-1955?
A6: 56%
Q7: How much did the mortality rate of tuberculosis drop between 1946-1955?
A7: 75%
Q8: Who issued a report describing the effects of antibiotic developments?
A8: Federal Trade Commission
Q9: In what year was the FTC's report issued?
A9: 1958
Dutch_language (Language and literature)

A Frankish identity emerged and so did their Frankish or Franconian language. The language itself is poorly attested. A notable exception is the Bergakker inscription, found near the Dutch city of Tiel, which may represent a primary record of 5th-century Frankish. Although some placenames recorded in Roman texts could arguably be considered as the oldest "Dutch" single words, like vadam (modern Dutch: wad, English: "mudflat"), the Bergakker inscription yields the oldest evidence of Dutch morphology, but there is no consensus on the interpretation of the rest of the text.

Q1: What's another term for "Frankish"?
A1: Franconian
Q2: What city is closest to the Bergakker inscription?
A2: Tiel
Q3: To which century do some researchers attribute the Bergakker inscription?
A3: 5th
Q4: What word found in Roman writings became "wad" in modern Dutch?
A4: vadam
Q5: What does the Dutch word "wad" mean in English?
A5: mudflat
Eton_College (History)

A Freedom of Information request in 2005 revealed that Eton had received £2,652 in farming subsidies in 2004 under the Common Agricultural Policy. Asked to explain under what grounds it was eligible to receive farming subsidies, Eton admitted that it was 'a bit of a mystery'. The TaxPayers' Alliance also stated that Eton had received a total of £5,300 in CAP subsidies between 2002 and 2007. Panorama revealed in March 2012 that farming subsidies were granted to Eton for 'environmental improvements', in effect 'being paid without having to do any farming at all'.

Q1: How much had Eton received in farming subsidies in 2005?
A1: £2,652
Q2: Under what policy was Eton able to receive funds without farming?
A2: Common Agricultural Policy
Q3: What did Panorama say was the documented reason Eton was eligible for farming subsidies?
A3: environmental improvements
Germans (Language and literature)

A German ethnicity emerged in the course of the Middle Ages, ultimately as a result of the formation of the kingdom of Germany within East Francia and later the Holy Roman Empire, beginning in the 9th century. The process was gradual and lacked any clear definition, and the use of exonyms designating "the Germans" develops only during the High Middle Ages. The title of rex teutonicum "King of the Germans" is first used in the late 11th century, by the chancery of Pope Gregory VII, to describe the future Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation Henry IV. Natively, the term ein diutscher ("a German") is used for the people of Germany from the 12th century.

Q1: What period in history do we see the emergence of German culture?
A1: High Middle Ages
Q2: The kingdom of Germany formed within what outer established empires?
A2: East Francia
Q3: When was the Title King of the Germans first used?
A3: late 11th century
Q4: Who coined the phrase "king of the Germans"
A4: chancery of Pope Gregory VII,
Q5: Who was given the prilavage of being called the first King of the Germans?
A5: Henry IV
Q6: When did a German ethnicity emerge?
A6: the Middle Ages
Q7: When is the title of rex teutonicum first used?
A7: the late 11th century
Q8: Who first used rex teutonicum?
A8: Pope Gregory VII
Q9: When is ein diutscher first used?
A9: 12th century
Q10: What does ein diutscher mean?
A10: a German
Marshall_Islands (Geography and places)

A German trading company, the Jaluit Gesellschaft, administered the islands from 1887 until 1905. They conscripted the islanders as laborers and mistreated them. After the German–Spanish Treaty of 1899, in which Germany acquired the Carolines, Palau, and the Marianas from Spain, Germany placed all of its Micronesian islands, including the Marshalls, under the governor of German New Guinea.

Q1: What company ran the Marshall Islands in the late 19th century?
A1: the Jaluit Gesellschaft
Q2: When did the Jaluit Gesellschaft's administration of the islands end?
A2: 1905
Q3: What document was signed in 1899?
A3: the German–Spanish Treaty of 1899
Q4: Along with the Marianas and Palau, what islands were acquired from Spain in 1899?
A4: the Carolines
Q5: What official administered Germany's Micronesian possessions?
A5: the governor of German New Guinea
Human_Development_Index (Social sciences and society)

A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" group.

Q1: Under what number does a country need to fall in order to be considered a "low development" country?
A1: 0.5
Q2: On which continent are all 22 of the low development countries located?
A2: Africa
Q3: What is Gabon's ranking?
A3: 119th
Q4: What is South Africa's ranking?
A4: 121st
Q5: What are the two highest ranking Sub-Saharan countries?
A5: Gabon and South Africa
Human_Development_Index (Social sciences and society)

A HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent "high development". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian Peninsula. Seven countries were promoted to this category this year, leaving the "medium development" group: Albania, Belarus, Brazil, Libya, Macedonia, Russia and Saudi Arabia.

Q1: What number indicates the minimum score for a country to be considered a "high development" country?
A1: 0.8
Q2: Which South American country was included among the seven promoted countries?
A2: Brazil
Q3: What is the largest country that was included among the seven promoted countries?
A3: Russia
USB (Engineering and technology)

A January 2013 press release from the USB group revealed plans to update USB 3.0 to 10 Gbit/s. The group ended up creating a new USB version, USB 3.1, which was released on 31 July 2013, introducing a faster transfer mode called SuperSpeed USB 10 Gbit/s, putting it on par with a single first-generation Thunderbolt channel. The new mode's logo features a "Superspeed+" caption (stylized as SUPERSPEED+). The USB 3.1 standard increases the data signaling rate to 10 Gbit/s in the USB 3.1 Gen2 mode, double that of USB 3.0 (referred to as USB 3.1 Gen1) and reduces line encoding overhead to just 3% by changing the encoding scheme to 128b/132b. The first USB 3.1 implementation demonstrated transfer speeds of 7.2 Gbit/s.

Q1: When were the plans to update USB 3.0 to 10 Gbit/s revealed?
A1: January 2013
Q2: What actually happened whenever USB 3.0 was updated?
A2: The group ended up creating a new USB version
Q3: When was USB 3.1 released?
A3: 31 July 2013
Q4: What does the USB 3.1 standard increase?
A4: the data signaling rate to 10 Gbit/s in the USB 3.1 Gen2 mode
The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess (Video games)

A Japan-exclusive manga series based on Twilight Princess, penned and illustrated by Akira Himekawa, was first released on February 8, 2016. The series is available solely via publisher Shogakukan's MangaOne mobile application. While the manga adaptation began almost ten years after the initial release of the game on which it is based, it launched only a month before the release of the high-definition remake.

Q1: Who wrote and provided art for a Twilight Princess comic book series?
A1: Akira Himekawa
Q2: The Twilight Princess manga was only available in what country?
A2: Japan
Q3: Who published the Twilight Princess comic book series?
A3: Shogakukan
Q4: What kind of device can access the Twilight Princess manga?
A4: mobile
Pacific_War (History)

A Japanese force was sent north to attack the Aleutian Islands. The next stage of the plan called for the capture of Midway, which would give him an opportunity to destroy Nimitz's remaining carriers. In May, Allied codebreakers discovered his intentions. Nagumo was again in tactical command but was focused on the invasion of Midway; Yamamoto's complex plan had no provision for intervention by Nimitz before the Japanese expected him. Planned surveillance of the U.S. fleet by long range seaplane did not happen (as a result of an abortive identical operation in March), so Fletcher's carriers were able to proceed to a flanking position without being detected. Nagumo had 272 planes operating from his four carriers, the U.S. 348 (115 land-based).

Q1: In Yamamoto's plan, what northern islands were to be attacked?
A1: Aleutian Islands
Q2: What was the second stage objective of Yamaoto's plan?
A2: capture of Midway
Q3: How many planes did Nagumo have for the Midway invasion?
A3: 272
Q4: How many planes did the United States have in the Battle of Midway?
A4: 348
Q5: How many U.S. planes were land-based?
A5: 115
Muslim_world (Philosophy and religion)

A Latin translation of Ibn Tufail's work, Philosophus Autodidactus, first appeared in 1671, prepared by Edward Pococke the Younger, followed by an English translation by Simon Ockley in 1708, as well as German and Dutch translations. These translations might have later inspired Daniel Defoe to write Robinson Crusoe, regarded as the first novel in English. Philosophus Autodidactus, continuing the thoughts of philosophers such as Aristotle from earlier ages, inspired Robert Boyle to write his own philosophical novel set on an island, The Aspiring Naturalist.

Q1: Which year did a translation of Philosophus Autodidactus in Latin come to be?
A1: 1671
Q2: Who first translated Philosophus Autodidactus into latin?
A2: Edward Pococke the Younger
Q3: Simon Ockley translated Philosophus Autodidactus into English, in what year did he do that?
A3: 1708
Q4: Who wrote Robinson Crusoe?
A4: Daniel Defoe
Q5: What book is Robert Boyle believe to have written after being inspired by Philosophus Autodidactus?
A5: The Aspiring Naturalist
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay (Sports and recreation)

A Macau resident was arrested on April 26 for posting a message on cyberctm.com encouraging people to disrupt the relay. Both orchidbbs.com and cyberctm.com Internet forums were shut down from May 2 to 4. This fueled speculation that the shutdowns were targeting speeches against the relay. The head of the Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation has denied that the shutdowns of the websites were politically motivated. About 2,200 police were deployed on the streets, there were no interruptions.

Q1: A Macau citizen was arrested for posting a plea to disrupt the relay on what website?
A1: cyberctm.com
Q2: In addition to cyberctm.com, what other website was shut down for two days?
A2: orchidbbs.com
Q3: Who was arrested on April 26 for posting an online message?
A3: A Macau resident
Q4: Where was the message posted?
A4: cyberctm.com
Q5: Who denied the shutdown was motivated by politics?
A5: The head of the Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation
Muammar_Gaddafi (History)

A Misratan militia took Gaddafi prisoner, beating him, causing serious injuries; the events were filmed on a mobile phone. A video appears to picture Gaddafi being poked or stabbed in the rear end "with some kind of stick or knife" or possibly a bayonet. Pulled onto the front of a pick-up truck, he fell off as it drove away. His semi-naked, lifeless body was then placed into an ambulance and taken to Misrata; upon arrival, he was found to be dead. Official NTC accounts claimed that Gaddafi was caught in a cross-fire and died from his bullet wounds. Other eye-witness accounts claimed that rebels had fatally shot Gaddafi in the stomach; a rebel identifying himself as Senad el-Sadik el-Ureybi later claimed responsibility. Gaddafi's son Mutassim, who had also been among the convoy, was also captured, and found dead several hours later, most probably from an extrajudicial execution. Around 140 Gaddafi loyalists were rounded up from the convoy; tied up and abused, the corpses of 66 were found at the nearby Mahari Hotel, victims of extrajudicial execution. Libya's chief forensic pathologist, Dr. Othman al-Zintani, carried out the autopsies of Gaddafi, his son and Jabr in the days following their deaths; although the pathologist initially told the press that Gaddafi had died from a gunshot wound to the head, the autopsy report was not made public.

Q1: Who claimed to have murdered Gaddafi?
A1: Senad el-Sadik el-Ureybi
Q2: What son of Gaddafi, present in the convoy, was found dead shortly after being captured?
A2: Mutassim
Q3: Where did an ambulance take Gaddafi after he was murdered?
A3: Misrata
Q4: How many bodies of Gaddafi supporters were found at the Mahari Hotel?
A4: 66
Q5: Who was the chief forensic pathologist of Libya?
A5: Dr. Othman al-Zintani
Light-emitting_diode (Engineering and technology)

A P-N junction can convert absorbed light energy into a proportional electric current. The same process is reversed here (i.e. the P-N junction emits light when electrical energy is applied to it). This phenomenon is generally called electroluminescence, which can be defined as the emission of light from a semi-conductor under the influence of an electric field. The charge carriers recombine in a forward-biased P-N junction as the electrons cross from the N-region and recombine with the holes existing in the P-region. Free electrons are in the conduction band of energy levels, while holes are in the valence energy band. Thus the energy level of the holes will be lesser than the energy levels of the electrons. Some portion of the energy must be dissipated in order to recombine the electrons and the holes. This energy is emitted in the form of heat and light.

Q1: What converts absorbed light energy into an electric current?
A1: P-N junction
Q2: What is the phenomenon where a P-N junction emits light when an electrical current is applied to it?
A2: electroluminescence
Q3: Where are the free electrons located in the production of electroluminescence?
A3: the conduction band
Q4: Whose energy levels are lower than the electrons in the electroluminescence process?
A4: holes existing in the P-region
Q5: Why is some energy in the electroluminescence process emitted as heat and light?
A5: to recombine the electrons and the holes