LucaSailor/squad-v2-instruction-dataset huggingface dataset:
Dwight_D._Eisenhower (History)

President Truman, symbolizing a broad-based desire for an Eisenhower candidacy for president, again in 1951 pressed him to run for the office as a Democrat. It was at this time that Eisenhower voiced his disagreements with the Democratic party and declared himself and his family to be Republicans. A "Draft Eisenhower" movement in the Republican Party persuaded him to declare his candidacy in the 1952 presidential election to counter the candidacy of non-interventionist Senator Robert A. Taft. The effort was a long struggle; Eisenhower had to be convinced that political circumstances had created a genuine duty for him to offer himself as a candidate, and that there was a mandate from the populace for him to be their President. Henry Cabot Lodge, who served as his campaign manager, and others succeeded in convincing him, and in June 1952 he resigned his command at NATO to campaign full-time. Eisenhower defeated Taft for the nomination, having won critical delegate votes from Texas. Eisenhower's campaign was noted for the simple but effective slogan, "I Like Ike". It was essential to his success that Eisenhower express opposition to Roosevelt's policy at Yalta and against Truman's policies in Korea and China—matters in which he had once participated. In defeating Taft for the nomination, it became necessary for Eisenhower to appease the right wing Old Guard of the Republican Party; his selection of Richard M. Nixon as the Vice-President on the ticket was designed in part for that purpose. Nixon also provided a strong anti-communist presence as well as some youth to counter Ike's more advanced age.

Q1: Who was President of the United States prior to Eisenhower?
A1: Truman
Q2: Truman wanted Eisenhower to run for the presidency as a member of what party?
A2: Democratic
Q3: Who did the Republicans want to block with an Eisenhower candidacy in 1952?
A3: Robert A. Taft
Q4: What was Taft's political office?
A4: Senator
Q5: Who was Eisenhower's campaign manager in 1952?
A5: Henry Cabot Lodge
Paper (Natural sciences)

Pressing the sheet removes the water by force; once the water is forced from the sheet, a special kind of felt, which is not to be confused with the traditional one, is used to collect the water; whereas when making paper by hand, a blotter sheet is used instead.

Q1: How is the water removed by force from a sheet of paper?
A1: Pressing
Q2: What is used to collect the water expelled from pressing?
A2: felt
Q3: What is used to collect water when hand-making paper?
A3: blotter sheet
Q4: Besides a blotter sheet, what can be used to collect water?
A4: felt
Diarrhea (Natural sciences)

Prevention of infectious diarrhea is by improved sanitation, clean drinking water, and hand washing with soap. Breastfeeding for at least six months is also recommended as is vaccination against rotavirus. Oral rehydration solution (ORS), which is clean water with modest amounts of salts and sugar, is the treatment of choice. Zinc tablets are also recommended. These treatments have been estimated to have saved 50 million children in the past 25 years. When people have diarrhea it is recommended that they continue to eat healthy food and babies continue to be breastfed. If commercial ORS are not available, homemade solutions may be used. In those with severe dehydration, intravenous fluids may be required. Most cases; however, can be managed well with fluids by mouth. Antibiotics, while rarely used, may be recommended in a few cases such as those who have bloody diarrhea and a high fever, those with severe diarrhea following travelling, and those who grow specific bacteria or parasites in their stool. Loperamide may help decrease the number of bowel movement but is not recommended in those with severe disease.

Q1: What are some ways to prevent diarrhea?
A1: improved sanitation, clean drinking water, and hand washing with soap
Q2: What else can a mom do to prevent diarrhea for her baby?
A2: Breastfeeding for at least six months
Q3: What is the treatment of choice for diarrhea?
A3: Oral rehydration solution (ORS), which is clean water with modest amounts of salts and sugar
Q4: What conditions would a doctor prescribe antibiotics?
A4: cases such as those who have bloody diarrhea and a high fever, those with severe diarrhea following travelling, and those who grow specific bacteria or parasites
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States (History)

Previous post-Furman mass clemencies took place in 1986 in New Mexico, when Governor Toney Anaya commuted all death sentences because of his personal opposition to the death penalty. In 1991, outgoing Ohio Governor Dick Celeste commuted the sentences of eight prisoners, among them all four women on the state's death row. And during his two terms (1979–1987) as Florida's Governor, Bob Graham, although a strong death penalty supporter who had overseen the first post-Furman involuntary execution as well as 15 others, agreed to commute the sentences of six people on the grounds of "possible innocence" or "disproportionality."

Q1: Who commuted all state capital sentences in 1986?
A1: Toney Anaya
Q2: Of what state was Toney Anaya governor?
A2: New Mexico
Q3: Who was Governor of Ohio in 1991?
A3: Dick Celeste
Q4: How many women were on Ohio's death row in 1991?
A4: four
Q5: In what year did Bob Graham become Governor of Florida?
A5: 1979
London (Geography and places)

Primarily starting in the mid-1960s, London became a centre for the worldwide youth culture, exemplified by the Swinging London subculture associated with the King's Road, Chelsea and Carnaby Street. The role of trendsetter was revived during the punk era. In 1965 London's political boundaries were expanded to take into account the growth of the urban area and a new Greater London Council was created. During The Troubles in Northern Ireland, London was subjected to bombing attacks by the Provisional IRA. Racial inequality was highlighted by the 1981 Brixton riot.

Q1: What was the root cause of the Brixton riot in 1981?
A1: Racial inequality
Q2: In what year was the Greater London Council formed?
A2: 1965
Q3: In what period was London a symbol of trend-setting and youth?
A3: the mid-1960s
Q4: During "The Troubles", who waged assaults via bombings on London?
A4: the Provisional IRA
Q5: Why was the Greater London Council established?
A5: the growth of the urban area
Child_labour (Social sciences and society)

Primark continued to investigate the allegations for three years, concluding that BBC report was a fake. In 2011, following an investigation by the BBC Trust’s Editorial Standards Committee, the BBC announced, "Having carefully scrutinised all of the relevant evidence, the committee concluded that, on the balance of probabilities, it was more likely than not that the Bangalore footage was not authentic." BBC subsequently apologised for faking footage, and returned the television award for investigative reporting.

Q1: How many years was Primark investigated for?
A1: three years
Q2: What did they claim about the BBC report?
A2: fake
Q3: What did the BBC do?
A3: apologised for faking footage
Q4: What happened to the reward the BBC received?
A4: returned the television award
Education (Philosophy and religion)

Primary (or elementary) education consists of the first five to seven years of formal, structured education. In general, primary education consists of six to eight years of schooling starting at the age of five or six, although this varies between, and sometimes within, countries. Globally, around 89% of children aged six to twelve are enrolled in primary education, and this proportion is rising. Under the Education For All programs driven by UNESCO, most countries have committed to achieving universal enrollment in primary education by 2015, and in many countries, it is compulsory. The division between primary and secondary education is somewhat arbitrary, but it generally occurs at about eleven or twelve years of age. Some education systems have separate middle schools, with the transition to the final stage of secondary education taking place at around the age of fourteen. Schools that provide primary education, are mostly referred to as primary schools or elementary schools. Primary schools are often subdivided into infant schools and junior school.

Q1: What is another term used for Primary education?
A1: elementary
Q2: What does primary school consist of?
A2: first five to seven years of formal, structured education
Q3: What is the name of the orgination who is striving to get all the countries on the same path with primary education?
A3: UNESCO
Tuberculosis (Natural sciences)

Primary resistance occurs when a person becomes infected with a resistant strain of TB. A person with fully susceptible MTB may develop secondary (acquired) resistance during therapy because of inadequate treatment, not taking the prescribed regimen appropriately (lack of compliance), or using low-quality medication. Drug-resistant TB is a serious public health issue in many developing countries, as its treatment is longer and requires more expensive drugs. MDR-TB is defined as resistance to the two most effective first-line TB drugs: rifampicin and isoniazid. Extensively drug-resistant TB is also resistant to three or more of the six classes of second-line drugs. Totally drug-resistant TB is resistant to all currently used drugs. It was first observed in 2003 in Italy, but not widely reported until 2012, and has also been found in Iran and India. Bedaquiline is tentatively supported for use in multiple drug-resistant TB.

Q1: If a person has TB that's resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid, which type of the disease do they have?
A1: MDR-TB
Q2: What's the minimum number of second-line medication classes your TB would have to resist to make it count as "extensively drug-resistant"?
A2: three
Q3: In what country was the first case of totally drug-resistant tuberculosis?
A3: Italy
Q4: What's the only antibiotic that might be effective against totally drug-resistant TB?
A4: Bedaquiline
Q5: Cases of totally drug-resistant TB have been found in what country in addition to Italy and India?
A5: Iran
Adolescence (Natural sciences)

Primary sex characteristics are those directly related to the sex organs. In males, the first stages of puberty involve growth of the testes and scrotum, followed by growth of the penis. At the time that the penis develops, the seminal vesicles, the prostate, and the bulbourethral gland also enlarge and develop. The first ejaculation of seminal fluid generally occurs about one year after the beginning of accelerated penis growth, although this is often determined culturally rather than biologically, since for many boys first ejaculation occurs as a result of masturbation. Boys are generally fertile before they have an adult appearance.

Q1: What activity often results in a boy's first ejaculation?
A1: masturbation
Q2: What are primary sex characteristics?
A2: those directly related to the sex organs
Q3: What does the first stage of puberty involve for males?
A3: growth of the testes and scrotum
Q4: After growth of the testes and scrotum, while male body part experiences growth next?
A4: penis
Q5: Which male body parts enlarge and develop at the same time as the penis?
A5: seminal vesicles, the prostate, and the bulbourethral gland
Josip_Broz_Tito (History)

Prime Minister Josip Broz Tito met with the president of the Bishops' Conference of Yugoslavia, Aloysius Stepinac on 4 June 1945, two days after his release from imprisonment. The two could not reach an agreement on the state of the Catholic Church. Under Stepinac's leadership, the bishops' conference released a letter condemning alleged Partisan war crimes in September, 1945. The following year Stepinac was arrested and put on trial. In October 1946, in its first special session for 75 years, the Vatican excommunicated Tito and the Yugoslav government for sentencing Stepinac to 16 years in prison on charges of assisting Ustaše terror and of supporting forced conversions of Serbs to Catholicism. Stepinac received preferential treatment in recognition of his status and the sentence was soon shortened and reduced to house-arrest, with the option of emigration open to the archbishop. At the conclusion of the "Informbiro period", reforms rendered Yugoslavia considerably more religiously liberal than the Eastern Bloc states.

Q1: Who was the president of the Bishops' Conference of Yugoslavia?
A1: Aloysius Stepinac
Q2: How long after his release from imprisonment did TIto attend the Bishops' Conference of Yugoslavia?
A2: two days
Q3: What topic was a sticking point at the Bishops' Conference?
A3: Catholic Church
Q4: Under whose leadership did the bishops' conference release a letter condemning alleged Partisan war crimes?
A4: Stepinac
Q5: What was Stepinac's sentence shortened to?
A5: house-arrest
Freemasonry (Unknown)

Prince Hall Freemasonry exists because of the refusal of early American lodges to admit African-Americans. In 1775, an African-American named Prince Hall, along with fourteen other African-Americans, was initiated into a British military lodge with a warrant from the Grand Lodge of Ireland, having failed to obtain admission from the other lodges in Boston. When the military Lodge left North America, those fifteen men were given the authority to meet as a Lodge, but not to initiate Masons. In 1784, these individuals obtained a Warrant from the Premier Grand Lodge of England (GLE) and formed African Lodge, Number 459. When the UGLE was formed in 1813, all U.S.-based Lodges were stricken from their rolls – due largely to the War of 1812. Thus, separated from both UGLE and any concordantly recognised U.S. Grand Lodge, African Lodge re-titled itself as the African Lodge, Number 1 – and became a de facto "Grand Lodge" (this Lodge is not to be confused with the various Grand Lodges on the Continent of Africa). As with the rest of U.S. Freemasonry, Prince Hall Freemasonry soon grew and organised on a Grand Lodge system for each state.

Q1: Why was Prince Hall Freemasonry formed?
A1: refusal of early American lodges to admit African-Americans
Q2: When was Prince Hall Freemasonry formed?
A2: 1775
Q3: What happened when the UGLE was formed in 1813?
A3: U.S.-based Lodges were stricken from their rolls
Q4: What did Africian Lodge, Number 459 become after they were removed from the UGLE?
A4: African Lodge, Number 1
Q5: What was Africian Lodge, Number 1 considered after they changed from Africian Lodge, Number 459?
A5: became a de facto "Grand Lodge"
Q6: What exists today because of the refusal of early American lodges to admit African Americans?
A6: Prince Hall Freemasonry
Q7: In what year was Prince Hall admitted into the British military lodge?
A7: 1775
Q8: When was the African Lodge, number 459, formed?
A8: 1784
Q9: When was the UGLE formed?
A9: 1813
Q10: The African Lodge re-titled itself what?
A10: the African Lodge, Number 1
John,_King_of_England (History)

Prince Louis intended to land in the south of England in May 1216, and John assembled a naval force to intercept him. Unfortunately for John, his fleet was dispersed by bad storms and Louis landed unopposed in Kent. John hesitated and decided not to attack Louis immediately, either due to the risks of open battle or over concerns about the loyalty of his own men. Louis and the rebel barons advanced west and John retreated, spending the summer reorganising his defences across the rest of the kingdom. John saw several of his military household desert to the rebels, including his half-brother, William Longespée. By the end of the summer the rebels had regained the south-east of England and parts of the north.

Q1: When did Prince Louis int to land in the south of England?
A1: May 1216
Q2: Why did John hesitate to attack Louis?
A2: due to the risks of open battle
Q3: When did the rebels regain the south-east of England?
A3: end of the summer
Dominican_Order (Philosophy and religion)

Prior Diego saw immediately one of the paramount reasons for the spread of the unorthodox movement: the representatives of the Holy Church acted and moved with an offensive amount of pomp and ceremony. On the other hand, the Cathars lived in a state of self-sacrifice that was widely appealing. For these reasons, Prior Diego suggested that the papal legates begin to live a reformed apostolic life. The legates agreed to change if they could find a strong leader. The prior took up the challenge, and he and Dominic dedicated themselves to the conversion of the Albigensians. Despite this particular mission, in winning the Albigensians over by persuasion Dominic met limited success, "for though in his ten years of preaching a large number of converts were made, it has to be said that the results were not such as had been hoped for."

Q1: How did Prior Diego think the members of the Holy Church acted?
A1: with an offensive amount of pomp and ceremony
Q2: Who did Prior Diego admire more than the Holy Church?
A2: the Cathars
Q3: How did the Cathars live?
A3: in a state of self-sacrifice
Q4: In order to change to a better way of life, what did the legates request of Diego?
A4: a strong leader
Q5: Who did Diego and Dominic try to convert?
A5: the Albigensians
The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess (Video games)

Prior Zelda games have employed a theme of two separate, yet connected, worlds. In A Link to the Past, Link travels between a "Light World" and a "Dark World"; in Ocarina of Time, as well as in Oracle of Ages, Link travels between two different time periods. The Zelda team sought to reuse this motif in the series' latest installment. It was suggested that Link transform into a wolf, much like he metamorphoses into a rabbit in the Dark World of A Link to the Past.[m] The story of the game was created by Aonuma, and later underwent several changes by scenario writers Mitsuhiro Takano and Aya Kyogoku. Takano created the script for the story scenes, while Kyogoku and Takayuki Ikkaku handled the actual in-game script. Aonuma left his team working on the new idea while he directed The Minish Cap for the Game Boy Advance. When he returned, he found the Twilight Princess team struggling. Emphasis on the parallel worlds and the wolf transformation had made Link's character unbelievable. Aonuma also felt the gameplay lacked the caliber of innovation found in Phantom Hourglass, which was being developed with touch controls for the Nintendo DS. At the same time, the Wii was under development with the code name "Revolution". Miyamoto thought that the Revolution's pointing device, the Wii Remote, was well suited for aiming arrows in Zelda, and suggested that Aonuma consider using it.[n]

Q1: What does Link morph into in A Link to the Past?
A1: rabbit
Q2: Aonuma left the Twilight Princess development team to work on which other game?
A2: The Minish Cap
Q3: What was the working name for the Wii prior to release?
A3: Revolution
Q4: Who proposed that the Wii Remote be used in the control scheme for Twilight Princess?
A4: Miyamoto
Q5: Who created the script for the story scenes?
A5: Mitsuhiro Takano
Q6: What device seemed well-suited for Link's arrow shooting ability?
A6: Wii Remote
Treaty (Language and literature)

Prior to 1871, the government of the United States regularly entered into treaties with Native Americans but the Indian Appropriations Act of March 3, 1871 (ch. 120, 16 Stat. 563) had a rider (25 U.S.C. § 71) attached that effectively ended the President’s treaty making by providing that no Indian nation or tribe shall be acknowledged as an independent nation, tribe, or power with whom the United States may contract by treaty. The federal government continued to provide similar contractual relations with the Indian tribes after 1871 by agreements, statutes, and executive orders.

Q1: What legislative act provided that no Indian nation shall be acknowledged as an independent nation with whom the United States may contract by treaty?
A1: Indian Appropriations Act of March 3, 1871
Q2: By what did the US federal government provide contractual relations with Indian tribes following the Indian Appropriations Act of March 3, 1871?
A2: agreements, statutes, and executive orders
Q3: Prior to what year did the United States regularly enter into treaties with Native Americans?
A3: 1871
Q4: A rider to the Indian Appropriations Act of 1871 provided that no Indian nation shall be acknowledged as what?
A4: an independent nation, tribe, or power
Q5: A rider to the Indian Appropriations Act of 1871 provided that the US government could not do what with an Indian nation?
A5: contract by treaty
Gregorian_calendar (Mathematics)

Prior to 1917, Turkey used the lunar Islamic calendar with the Hegira era for general purposes and the Julian calendar for fiscal purposes. The start of the fiscal year was eventually fixed at 1 March and the year number was roughly equivalent to the Hegira year (see Rumi calendar). As the solar year is longer than the lunar year this originally entailed the use of "escape years" every so often when the number of the fiscal year would jump. From 1 March 1917 the fiscal year became Gregorian, rather than Julian. On 1 January 1926 the use of the Gregorian calendar was extended to include use for general purposes and the number of the year became the same as in other countries.

Q1: What calendar did Turkey use before 1917 for general purposes?
A1: lunar Islamic
Q2: What calendar did Turkey utilize for fiscal purposes?
A2: Julian
Q3: Where did Turkey start the fiscal year?
A3: 1 March
Q4: When did Turkey begin to use the Gregorian calendar for fiscal means?
A4: 1 March 1917
Q5: When did Turkey start using the Gregorian calendar for all purposes?
A5: 1 January 1926
Jews (History)

Prior to 1948, approximately 800,000 Jews were living in lands which now make up the Arab world (excluding Israel). Of these, just under two-thirds lived in the French-controlled Maghreb region, 15–20% in the Kingdom of Iraq, approximately 10% in the Kingdom of Egypt and approximately 7% in the Kingdom of Yemen. A further 200,000 lived in Pahlavi Iran and the Republic of Turkey. Today, around 26,000 Jews live in Arab countries and around 30,000 in Iran and Turkey. A small-scale exodus had begun in many countries in the early decades of the 20th century, although the only substantial aliyah came from Yemen and Syria. The exodus from Arab and Muslim countries took place primarily from 1948. The first large-scale exoduses took place in the late 1940s and early 1950s, primarily in Iraq, Yemen and Libya, with up to 90% of these communities leaving within a few years. The peak of the exodus from Egypt occurred in 1956. The exodus in the Maghreb countries peaked in the 1960s. Lebanon was the only Arab country to see a temporary increase in its Jewish population during this period, due to an influx of refugees from other Arab countries, although by the mid-1970s the Jewish community of Lebanon had also dwindled. In the aftermath of the exodus wave from Arab states, an additional migration of Iranian Jews peaked in the 1980s when around 80% of Iranian Jews left the country.[citation needed]

Q1: Prior to 1948, how many Jews were living in lands which now make up the Arab world (excluding Israel)?
A1: 800,000
Q2: When did a small-scale exodus begin in many countries?
A2: early decades of the 20th century
Q3: The only substantial aliyah came from where?
A3: Yemen and Syria
Armenia (History)

Prior to 1992, Armenians would participate in the Olympics representing the USSR. As part of the Soviet Union, Armenia was very successful, winning plenty of medals and helping the USSR win the medal standings at the Olympics on numerous occasions. The first medal won by an Armenian in modern Olympic history was by Hrant Shahinyan (sometimes spelled as Grant Shaginyan), who won two golds and two silvers in gymnastics at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. To highlight the level of success of Armenians in the Olympics, Shahinyan was quoted as saying:

Q1: What Olympic Sport did Hrant Shahinyan compete in?
A1: gymnastics
Q2: What medals did Hrant Shahinyan win at the 1952 Summer Olympics?
A2: two golds and two silvers
Q3: Where were the 1952 Summer Olympics held?
A3: Helsinki
Q4: What year did Armenia begin competiting in the Olympics seperate from the USSR?
A4: 1992